o CTPATQPCKOJ CJIY:iKBl1 BJIA)1;APA Y BI13AHTJ1JCKOCJIOBEHCKOM CBETY

[187] Kao WTO CBaKa CJ.fM60JIJNHa pana-a xoja ce O,llJ1rpaBa H3Me-

I,y HOCHJlaqa H3Becmrx 3BaILa, HJIH M3Mei)y npeACT8BIU1Ka H3- BeCHHX. cJ{JJa~ 06eJIelKaBa ysaj aMHH O.llHOC TWX asaa-a Ii CHJIa, TaKO H erparopcxa cJly:m:6a KOjy cy cpeAlLOBeKOBHH BJIa,1l;apJf 06H'lJHO Bp.lIIJtI.JlH HajBJiWHM: npeACT8BIrnIl.MMa npxae 6a~a CBeTJlOCT Ha O,IJ.HOC Jf3Mel}y CBeTOBHe J1 AYXOBHe BJISCTH Y xpmnhaaCKOM CBeTy. YKOJIHKO je y IIHTalLy 3anap;t HCTOpHjaT crparopcxe cJIYJK6e J1 lbOj cpozme MapWaJICKe cJIy~6e MOJKe ce, OC06HTO nOCJIe HajHOBJfjnx pazrosa P+ XOJJ~aHa11 cssarparx y cymTlfHM pa3j9.IIllbeHI1M. IIpBH XPJmIhaHCKH nnaztap KOjlf je nana BptIDlO c.nYJK6y xorsynrapa Bo~ehH lherOBor KOlba sa Y3lJ.Y 6HO je KPaJh IlJ.nnm, KOjH je 6~ [aayapa 754. ca BeJIHKHM nOl{aCTJ1Ma ,1l;O'LJeKaO y nOHTHOHY narry Crecpaaa II rrocae lDerOBor rrpenasa npexo AJIna If, KaKO H3BeWT8Ba Liber Pontificalis, t~Kao erparop (vice stratoris) KOpS'IIaO KOMa.rt; rryra nopen rseroaor jaxaher xorsa" t Tj. nammor xossa BOJl)lO aa Y3;:zy.2 TIVlnHHoBa crparopcxa CJIyx- 6a 6e'3 cyMH:te je y Be3M ca OHWM n03HaTMM MeCTOM y KOHCTaHTI1HOBOj ;QapoBH~J1 xoje KOHCTaHTI1HY BeJlHKOM CTaBJba y YCT& cnenehe pesrr: ,,)1;p1KehH Y3l1..e lberOBor xossa, MH CMO Y qaCT CB. Ilerpa BPIIDIJTIiI CTpaTopCKY c.,rrY1K6y lDeMy (nann CHJIBecTPY). "B To60JKlbH rrocrynax KOHCT8HTmta BeJUtKOr Hy}KHH [e KOpeJIaT l1CTOPMjCKOM IIHnmIoBoM nocrymcy: ,,05a cayxaja,

1 R. Holtzmann. Der Kaiser als Marschall des Papstes (Schriften der Strassburger Wissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft in Heidelberg, N. S. Heft 8) 1928~ K Zum Strator- und Marschalldienst. Hist. Zei tschr, 145 (1931) 301-350, r.zr.e je HaBe,ll;eRa apno nOTIJYHO PI crapaja JlHTepaTypa Q TOM nliTaa,y.

t Vita Stephani II: y Duchesne. Lib. Pontif. I. 447.

I Yn. Knrl Mi,.bt~ Quellen zur Geschichte des Papsttums 4. H3,!l;. (1924) 6p. 228. § 16, CTp. 112.

331

To60JoKlbH H CTBapHH, TeCHO cy UOBe3aHH; nps» je no CBOj nprrJIJiU;M H3MJmIJbeH ,u;a 6n ce osa] ,Qpyrn Morao yo5JIJ1't{J1TH npessa lbeMY.h4

liICTO TaRO je H AaJbM HCTopHjaT erparopcxe CJlymoe na 3anany HajTennhe nOBe3aH ca CYJJ;6HHOM KOHCTaHTHHOBe ~apOBH11- ue. J.13 OHa "IeTMpti croneha WTO pasztaajajy QYBeHI1 cyeper III1- llMHOB ca CTecpaHOM II y II0HTJ10HY H IDIIIlTa Malhe 'tJyBeHJI( cyCPeT q,pM~pHxa I ca Xap;pnjaHOM IV KO,ll; CYTPHja, n03HaTa cy HaM CaMO TpH nOY3,n;aHO nOCBe,n;O'-IeHa CJIyqaja y Kojl1'Ma je je.Il.aH

" Holtzman1t~ Hist. Zeitschr. 145. CTp. 806. - P. Scheffer-Boichorst.

Mitt. d. Inst. f. Osterr, Geschichtsf. X (1889) H XI (1890) xreo je KOHcTaHTMHoBY AapoBHHQY ,u;a rrpxrnmre reg X8Hll;eJlapuj:H nasJIa I (757- -767). lberoBe apl'YMeHTe np"XBaTJfJIJf cy H3Mel)y OCTBJIHX L. M. Hartma.nn, Gesch. Itahens im Mittelalter 1I~ 2 (1903) 226 H p;,; E. Caspaf', Pippin und die romische Kirche (1914) 185t Han. 2; G. Laehr, Die Konstantinische Schenkung in del' abendHindischen Literatur des Mittelalters (1926) 1. MebYTHM ,n;PYl'PI cy Hayqmru,Jf HCTaKJIH BeoMa O'JOJfJhHe pasnore sa npeTTIOCTaBKY ,n;a je ¢aJTCJ1<pJ1KaT HanpaBJbeH Bah non CTecpaHOM II }f ynpaeo JiMajyhM Y Suro' iseroe cacraaax ca IIlfIllfHOM. YU. J. D6llinger~ Das Papsttum (1892) 27 H a;.; H. Bohmer, Realencyklopadie f. protest. Theologie, 3, H3~. XI (1902) 6 If. .A.; A. Hauck, Kirchengeschichte Deutschlands II (1912) 24; F. Kampers~ Hist. Jahrb. XLIV (1924) 245 If n. R. Holtzmann, Del' Kaiser als Marschall des Papstes 21 H ,Q. - IIacyc 0 crpaToPcKoj CJly1K6K KOHC'l'aH'l'~Ha BeJU1KOI' 6e3 CYMtbe je IH1K.aaaao yneceu y TeKCT )1apOBlDiue. jep npeK~a Be3y • .lJ.a JIM je Taj Ao~aTax HaKHa,n;HO YK.JlODJbeH Y Beh rOTOR TeKCT jom npe cycpera y IIoH1'l1- OHY, JiJlH nax yMeTHYT Tex nOCJIe caerasxa pa.n;H onpasnaiea cnY2K6e xoja Ie 6HJla 3aXTeBaHa o~ ITJ.fIII1Ha H KOjy je OH H 06aBMo, aehe ce Mon.n YTBPAH'I'StS:~ a '3a Haw np06ne.M je H HpeJIeBaHTHO.- XonU;MaH, XQjH je Be3Y H3Meijy flHnnHOBe crparopcae cJJYJI{6e y llOHTHOHY M ro50»tH.e KOHC'l'aH· THHoee crpaeopcxe CJIY1Koe y KOHCT8HTJ1HOBOj AapoBHuqn BeOMa Tal-laHO J1~.nom.J10. no MOM MKlllJbeay HenOTpe6HO ~aTaMlDyje CTB3p - Y HajMafbY pyxy He~OKamJhJiBOM - Te30M Aa Ie ITHDItIH CTpaTopCKY ycnyry nann C'l'e¢aHY II yzaaao aao HOBOl1MeHOSalll1 patricius Romano-rum U na je. npexa TOMe, cnYJK6a saienao ca THTYJIOM naTpHI.l;Hja n03ajMJbeHa OJ, BH~ 3aHTHje. AKO cy CTpaTopCKY cnym.oy BH3aH'l'HjcKoM u;apy BPWJ1J1H He caxo npOTOCTpaTOP Hero noaexazt Ba.n:.na J.1 APym BHCOKJ1. ,D,OCTojaHcTSemqx, na )f TaKan KOjJ1 r:y HOCJ.1JIJ1 THTYJIY naTPlf:U;J1ja~ 113 rora ce - y oBO:"1e ce MopaM CJlO;mUTJi ca XPlfT'J'IKOM KOjy je u3Heo E. Eichman, Hist. Zeitschr. 142 (1930) 21 If ~. - He 1l0JKe 3aKJbYQUTI1 ,ZJ;a je .nOCTojaHCTBo BH38HTlfjCKUX rrarpannja xao TaKBO 6Hno y aeKoj O.D:pebeHoj se'3a ca CTpaTOp· (,KOM cJIym60M. YTOJIHKO MaThe. nrro I1epeMoHKja~'l HaY1~eHOBal-ba '33 naTpHll;Jtlja, 0 KojeM KH.Jfra 0 ~epeMoHHjal\ota KOHCTaHTI1Ha VII OrIWnpHO 06aBewT3Ba (De Caerim. 244-255), HHllITa He 3lt3 0 TO,"le ;xa 6w HOEOHMeHOBaHH naTpHl..J;Jfje "MaO ,1J;a ooaBM CTpa'!'"opCKY C.1ymoy. Crparopexa CJ1YJ«oa. KaKO cax XOJI~MaH aeosra rreno H3JI8JKe (Der Kaiser als Marschall des Papstes 40 H .11..), jecTe SE!:OMa ,n,aBKaw.lhl1 ].0{ W~pOltO pacnpoCTpalbeHJ1 06JIJiK YKa3HBatba BQCOKe noxacrn. TIJfmrn je TY cny:m6y 06aBHo xao xpuwhaHcKM Bna,:o;ap nan" xao HaCJle;{HHKY CB. TIerpa - npesia To6oJKlt.eM y30PY rrpeor xpHwhaHCKor napa, l.Ufjy To6oJKlbY crpaTOPCKY YCJ(Yry KOHCTaaTJffiOaa ,Il;apOBHJ1lla npe,!J;CTaSJba xao rrosacr yKa- 38Hy CB. ne'l'py.

[L88J

[189]

3ana,o:HH nap l1JUf xpan, BPlUHO CTpaTOpCKY c.nYJK6y nanx, OCO- 611Ta je aacnyra XOJIIJ;MaHOBa WTO je nOKa380 na Tl1 CJlTIajeBH naztajy ynpaso y ~,TpeHYTKe ofipahassa rroja-raae rraacrse H no- 3MBafba Ha Constitutum Constantirri", TaKO CTpaTOpCKa YJIOr·a KOjy je nap JIY)J;BJU II 858. yxaaao naTIK HH:KOJlH I, npsoa nan" KOjU ce rrocnyxoro ITceYP;oJ{cn.nopCKm4 ztexperamnaa, WTO cy y,n;aXHyJIH HOB JKJ{BOT rOTOBO Ben aafiopaarseaoj KOHCTa.HT11HOBOj ,napOBHJ1WI; TaKO Jf CTpaTOpCKa cJly-JK6a xojy je 1095. MJla;o;" xpazs Konpan BpWHO rtamr Yp6aHy II y KpeMoHH, a rrazta y apexe upxseae pe<PopMe J{ cnopa OKO HHBeCTHTyp€', Koje aajHOBl1jJ1 J1CIU1THBa"tl KOHCTaHTJfHOBe ztaposaaue Ha3MBa "Be.nHKO ;n:06a'' xyseaor q,aJICM<pJfKQTa,5 a HUMaJIO APYKt:luja, Haj- 3a.n;, HI1je Hl1 YCJIYI'a xojy je 1131. c.na6J.f JIoTap OA CynJIHH- 6ypra )1K33ao narnr J1HoheHTHjy II y JIMjeJKy.6

nOCJle~ThH cJIY'-1aj 3Ha-qajaH je OC06lf.TO crora WTO je JIOTap 6HO npsn ananap KOjJf je He CaMO B0,n;J10 rrarnraor KOlba aa y3,II.y Hero u npnnpaeasao rrarrrr CTpeMeH, Tj. noapx npaaor 11 ;:tOTa;u; je~JfHO yoowrajeHor erparopcxor CJIYJKeJba 06aBf10 je rramr H M'apmaJICKY c .. TJy:m.6y, KaKO 6HCMO, ca XOJlQMaHOM - Ha,IlOBe3YjyhH ce aa I'epxoxa q,OH Pajxepc6epra - MOrJIM Ha3BSTH KOihymapcxy .n:YJKIiOCT npJf;n;pJKaBafba CTpCMeHa. Hacynpor AjxsraHY,7 XOJID;MaH je oe3YCJIOBHO y rrpasy xazt HCTHqe HaqeJIHY pas.nHKy H3Mei)y Boljelba xoisa aa Y3AY, xao YKa3MBaIba BHCOKe I10'IaCTl1, if npJ1;c:pJRaBalha crpexeaa, xao 3HaKa TIOTliH1-b8Balba.8

Tlpexpermnty y J1CTopMjary erparopcxe H Mapma.nCKe eny:-K6e aa 3ana'_'y npeneraan-a, 3aTJ1.M, eyeper J.f3Mel)y ~pJ.f;n;pHXa Bap6apoce H rrane Xanpniaaa IV jYHa 1155. KO,n; CYTp14ja. Kao IllTO je n03HaTo, Bap6apoca je TeK nOCJIe .u,yrJ.{x rrperoaopa, 11 nOIllTO je lberOBO o.n;6I1jaa,.e H.'3a3BaJlQ o36WJb8H cyKo6, npacrao na nann 06aBH crparopcxy JiI MapWaJICKy CJly:m:6y. IIoc.rre -rora cy 3ananHM BHaAapH 6e3 OTflopa M BeOMa qeCTO BplUHEM Te cJlY1K6e, xoje cy ce rroereneno rrperaapane y yo6JftIajeHy :u;epeMOHl1j aJIHy pa,l(lb y. 9

3a CBe OCT9.JIe noje,D;HHOCTJ1 MOlKeMO ynYTHTJ1 aa ~OTWnIa npoy-qaBSlba ncroprrsapa epeznsoaexoaaor 3ana;u;a, na ean npeJIa3HMO aa Harny rrpasy TeMY, HCTOPlfjy erparopcxe c.:rry?K6e y HCTO'lHOM xpl1111haHCKOM CBeTY, yTBp;n;J1BIIIH careo TOJIHKO ,n;a cy

I' G. I:.aehTt Die Konstantinische Schenkung, CTp. 24.

iI R. Holtzma.nn, Der Kaiser als Marschall des Papstes 7 H ,n;. M 25 11.11.. 'T E. EichmannJ Das Officium Stratoris et Strepae, Hist. Zeitschr. 142

(1930) 16 K ,1(.

II Ho[tzmann, Hist. Zeitschr. 145~ CTp. 304 101 ;9;.

, Holtz-mann, Der Kaiser als Marchall des Papstes, CTp. 1 11 .II.. Jl 9 If )l;.

333

KaKO IlOCTaHaK -raxo H ~aJbH paaso] crparopcxe cJlyJK6e H3 3anazty Y aajrenneoj Be3H ca KOHCTaHTHHQBOM ,u:apOBHMtJ;OM 11 na ce TY aa crparopcxy CJlYJK6y aanoseayje O)l; XII sexa J1 Map .. lIIaJICKa CJIy:m:6a.

*

.n;OK aa uCTOpwjaT erparopcxe cJIpK6e H3 3ana.o;y ITOCTojn OIIlImpH3 If ,n:eJJHMHll;e u3BpcHa JlwrepaTypa, BH3aHTMHOJ'lOllIKO-CJIaBHCTf[qKa HaYKa HMje nocazt HJ1 noxpeayna rraraa-e nojane erparopcxe CJIYJK6e tra J19'OKY. J1CTJffia, cJIyJK6e Te BpCTe Ha J1CTOKY HJ1Cy H~ npJf6JIHlKHO HM8 lie oxa] 3Ha'IJaj KOjl1 JIM je rrpnpaB8H na 3ana.n;y. ITa, nnax 6u HecYMll>J1BO 6MJIO xopncsro 6ap YTBP~JfTJ1 Y KOj oj je MepM crpa ropcxa cJIy:m:6a rrponpna Y BH- 3aHTJfjcKO-CJIOBeHCKH CBeT, norOTOBO nrro 6u: ce Jf3 Tora Mor:U{ Jf3BeCTH 3alillMJbJ1BI1 3aKJhY1:lQH 0 aesarsa ca 3ana,llOM~ :H nrro 611 yrrpaao pa3JIJ1KS, xoja je Y TOM norneny rtocrojana H3Mel)y l1CToKa H 3anaA3, xao 11 H3MeDY nojen,MHKX J1CTO'lHJ1X 3eMav"ba. Morna .n:aTU rroaozta aa TIJIO,!1;Ha paaaarpassa 0 O~HOCy J13Meiyv nyxoaae J1 CBeTOBHe BJlaCTJ1 y ttCT01.!HJt1M 06JIaCTHMa. JaCHO YTBPJ)eH8 'q'J{aeHJfu;a na y H'3BeCHHM 06.rraCTHMa BJI3_qap HHje o6aBJbao CTpaTopCKY cnYJK6y,. na je nrraaame o;u;6I1jao na je apnnr, 6KJIH 611 y OBOM rrorneny IDfWTa Malbe aaaxajaa.

TaKBa 'tIJ1H:,eHHu;a 33MCTa ce MO)Ke yTBp,n;wrM aa BW3aHTl1jCKO UapCTBo. P. XOJIn:M8H, KOjJ1 je 0 crparopcxo] cJIY2K611 rrpnxyrnio J13BaHpe~HO 60raTY rpahy, xoja noaexan T.J.aK npeJIa3J1 rpamnre 3ana,n;a, rrpmsehyje C8MO CaCBJ1M xparxo y [ezrso] 6eaeunm ncnon TeKCTa ,ll;a Bl13aHTl1jcKH BJIa.,!{apH HHCY CBOjJDl na-rpnjapcmaa 06aBJbaJIM CTPaTopCKY cny:m6y, jep ,,0 'TOMe Hl111ITa YOflWTe He -qyjeMo~ Ma,l{a 611 sra npHMep KO~HH xropao zta TO nOMeHe".10 B113aHTHHOJIOr MOJKe, Met,YTJ.fM, SI1IIIe na xasce 0 TOj TeMH.

IJpe csera, Tpe6a YKa3aTl1 na jenao 113BaHpe.lHO samrv.]bUBO MeCTO Y J1c-roPJijn JOBaHa KHHaMa, namrcaaoj xpajev X!I aexa, xoje jacao noxaayje na cy BJf3aHTl1HI..tJ! onor apevre aa 6n.lUI HTeKaKO 06aBeIIITeHlf 0 yo6WlajeHoM OOaB."bafbY crparopcxe

c.rryJK6e na 3anat:t;y. aJIH p;a TaKBe c . .."tym6e He caxo urro BJ[- [190J

3aHTJfjcKJ1' napean yorrurre HJ1CY spunrnn Hero .ra cy UX H l-bH-

XOBM noztaaanrr oceaaaa xao cpaxrory 38 uapcxo .rocroj aHCTBO. KmtaM ce 6yrUf npoTITB rora urro sartaznm s.taaapu rrpncsajajy napexo ll.OCTojaHCTBo Jt IlITO nana csrarpa na cxe pacnoorararn uapCKOM KJJyrrOM. ~. KaKO je TO. U Y3BJlKyje KUHaM. H KaKO je

l(I R. Holtzmann. Hist. Zeitschr. 145. CTp. 331, Han. 2. y3 nosnaasse Ha caonnrrerse EpHCTa IUTajHa.

,ll;OWJIO ,11;0 TOra na je BJl~aBJiHa PHMa nOCTaJl3 npenxer TproEalna aa sapsape H HJfCKe pooose? 11 orazt TaMO aexa csenrTeHHKa M jour MHOro Malbe BJIa;n;apa: ysyprrarop napcxor seJIW'qaHCTBa 'Kopa-tta, caoAt docToja'KCTSY ynpKoc, netuK€ ucnpea C6etUTeKU1'Ca na K010Y u oe.aa 1Cao 1betOB K01-bytuap (L"fJ[ox6!J.ot:;)~ ,n;OK ra oaaj HaSl1Ba HMnepaTopoM ([~1ter.)(h"Oea) H csrarpa ra paaHI1M napy (~(uJlJ.£i)." 3aTHM ce KHHaM o6paha narnr nl1TalbeM: t~KaKO cu U oaau.n.e, opa1.u Jt(.oj, oo6uo npaso oa pUMCKe v;apeee ynoTpe6uttL xco 1{o1bywape? A aKO ra HHCI1 ~06HO, TH eM JIaJK.j Y IIO(!TaO CBeWTeHMK, a OH yaaxaayj e D;apCKO )l;OCTO j aHCTBO. " OqHrJIe~HO ce KUHaM TY CeTHO na 6K nana .neno Morao ~a My O;o;fOBOpH If na ce n030Be aa KOHCTaHTMHoay ):\spOBHHn;y, na oxpexe ,n;pyru: xpaj M BeOMa BeWTO yrrorpetix KOHCT8HTHHOBy ~apOBHHIzy xao opyxcje npoTI1B rrane: "AKO He npnaaajem na je napcxx npecro BH3SHTHje npecro PUMa, OTKy~ CM OH;n;a H CaM HaCJle,Zl;J1:0 ztocrojancrao rrane? Je,n;J1HH KOjM je TO O,npeAI10 6110 je KOHCTaHTJ1H, rrpaa xpnnrhaacxx nap, Ka KO TO OH,l:{a paAOCHO IrpMXBaT3lU [ezmo - MHCJJJI1M: TBoj rrpecro J1 lberOBO BUCORO }l;OCTojaHCTBo - a o.n;6HjaUI OHO npyro? lilJlH npaxaara H [ezrao 11 npyro, KJII1 ce onpeua 11. oaora ... CnO'I'l1'Iem ce 0 csoia corrcraena ztena H He onaacanr KaKO ;z:t;OJI83HW y npOTHBpe'llHOCT ca CBOjJ1M conCTBeHHM noerymuma: jep Here OHe xoie He,l(aBHO, lnJ1XOBHM MOJl6a.Ma yrrpxoc, HHCJi npMXBaTMO xao napese - y ~eMy en npaBJiJIHO rroeryrrao, jep TO HHnOWTO HHje HJiI npMJIH"ttMJIO - TH cazta, nOtuTO CU UX y~U1tUO 1(01bywapuJ(.a, He 3HaM 331IITO, IIOCTaBJbaIll aa napese!', MaIla oaor 0)]; xora Jt I1oMohy xora J1 non KHMe je rrpeero rrpenecea aa Te6e12, CBaKaKO He MQJKeW H3je,rt;HRQHTH ca je)l.HHM BapBapl1HOM, je;D;HHM TIipaHHHOM, je)l;HKM po60M. "13

113 oaor, Y MHOroCTPYKOM norvrezty J.f3BaHpe)];HO 3HaQajHor nacyca nOTIIYHO jacao npoaanaan na je y BH3aHTl1jJll CTpaTOpcxa cJIy:m:6a CMaTpaHa necrrojaaosr ca u;apCKHM ,n;OCTojaHCTBOM.14

n O(uune)Ulo 3JIY3Jfja na ¢tpH,tr,pHXa Bap6apocy~ KOju napcxy XPYlIY

lmje .IJ;06HO npe Hero WTO je nan" ooaBI1'O CTpaTopCKY CJlYJK6y. 12 Pe"'l fe, HapaBHo. 0 KOHC'TaHTHHY Be.1lJ.fKoM.

U Kinnamos (ed. Bonn) 219 " ,IJ;.

11 Beh 3aTO ,nonHHje. y XVII BeKy KO,n; A,IJ;aMa OneapHyca UCKpCJJa npn1.Ja, KaKO je Qap KOaCT3HTMf{ IX, npti.1JJHWM Y3.lV133lha MuxaHJIa KepYJIapHja aa narpnfapxa, H,eroBY Ma3ry aa Y3;ny BOJU10 KP03 ,Q,apHI'panCKM XJ1nO)l;pOM. 11e M02Ke ce 03DWJbHO Y3HMaTM. KBKO je TO Q"HJ10 HU'KO.flb("1(:uu. (0 cJlY]K6ax B PyCCKOJ1: lWPKBJf. 1885. CTp. 46. Hall. 1). 3a6JlY)J;a Ie It F'"3;a; HHKO.n=.CKH HaBO,D;H na ce OJleapuyc C 1'l1M Y Be311 nO'3J1Ba na 3~frJ1- tJE'pora. Ha 3l1m6ePTa KOju - xao J.1 CBlf cTapHju Jf3BOPM - HI1WT3 He 3Ha 0 T06oJKlboj crparopcxoi CJIYJY.6v. KOHCT8liTJ1Ha IX na tJaK H :-'3':!l1~ 33lbe Mtrxanrra Kepyzrapnja yonurre He nOJ\.U1I-he, n03HBa ce O.1e3puyc

o CTPaTOpcKoj cJtyJiC6u BAaoapa

335

IlITO TaKaB 06:r-rqaj nocrojn na 3anap;y, JI3a3J1Sa ROP; BMSaHTU-

naua CJ1J.IHO HerOAOBaIbe~ xoje ce HajowTpHjl1M H3pa3HMa H3JIHBa [1911

KaKO tra oaor KO BPWH crparopcxy CJIy:m:6y TaKO J1 xa oaor

KO je 3aXTeBa: 3ana,lI;Hl1 BJIa,1J;ap KOjH 6H xreo zra Ba1KH xao nap,

a npncraje HS xoisymapcxy CJly}K6y~ nOHH:H{aBa uapcxo .rt,OCTOjaxcrso J{ TI1Me caxo noxasyje na ra H He 3aCJIY)Kyje; narra Kojl1 ananapa KOI' CMaTpa aa napa npl'IMOpaBa na spnrea.e TaKBe CJIy-

JK6e nrrje npasx CBelIITeHHK. DBa 2KeCTOKa rrpnnxxa, KOj a j e qaK

sxnre ynepeaa nporrra HazlMeHor nane Hero npOTMB jaznror yaypnaropa napcxor .nOCTojaHCTSa, aaasajna je YTOJUfKO npe IIITO KUH8M, KaKO H3 HCTor nacyca jacao np0113JIa3J1t 6eOMa ;no6po noanaje KOHCTaHTHHOBY )J;apOBHH~y; OR !by yrrorpefirsasa aa

CBOjy ,n;OCTa BeIIlTY nOJIeMJ1KY rrporrra narre, KOjf1 M3 AapOBHJ1Ue J13BJI3lfM, A0):\ywe, csoje npaao aa najamne :qpKBeHO ;nOCTojaH-

CTBO (3aCHMBa}f)e narrcxor ztoerojaxcraa Ha HaCJIel)y CB. Flerpa KHHaM HaMepHO rrpehyrxyje: ~,Jeouuu KOjJf je TO ozrpezsro 6i10

je KOHCTaHTMH ... "l. aJIM aeae na rrpnsaa l1CKJbYQHBO rrpaao napirrpancxor BaCJfJIeSca na napcxo AOCTOj aHCTBO WTO H3 a,e

non] eztaaxo npOJ1CTH~e.

Cxsarasse xoje J13JlaJKe KJflIaM 3ac.nyJKyje noce6HY naac:tbY crora WTO He H3PaJKaBa HKMaJIO JIWlHO MHIlIJbefbe nojemnrna, seh BM3aHTJfjCKo rJIe,!(HWTe yormrre. ITa Jm8K, H BM3aHTHjCKa rreroprrja 3Ha 3Q je;n;aH c.rryq:aj 06aBJbaIba crparopcxe enyJK6e no 3an~a't!KOM ysopy, MHXaHJlO TIaJleOJIor rrpexpurao je ormrre npaBJ1JIO 11 HCTO~HOpJ1MCKOM rrarpnjapxy yxasao crpaTOpCXY yezryry; ~o.z..yme, OH je TO y-qmU10 y TpeHYTKy xazta napCKY KPYHY jow HJ1je J.fMaO, Hero ce Tex TpY;zJ;HO na je CTeKHe. )Joral)aj nazta na xpaj ronnae 1258. M onnrpao ce npMJHfKOM noxexa KOju je MMxaMJ10 Ilaneonor Y TQ;n;aIInhoj napcxoi pesx)l;eHI.J;t1jJ.f MarHe3HjM nprrpeztrro narpnjapxy Apcenrsjy no lbeTOBOM ~OJIacKy M3 HJ.1Keje.

I'eoprnje llaxMMep jaBJba 0 TOMe cnezrehe: ,,'YTO ce -qYJIO ~a ce npI16JlJ1>Kyje narpajapx ca OAaopaHHM enacaornora 11 CBeWTeHHQHMa. Mnxauno Ilaneonor casaao je TO rtpe QCTa,"'HIX. nOXHTao nanexo y eye peT npH)J;OlllJ1MMa H yxasao narpnjapxy xao J1 ~eJIOM KJIHPY najaehy rrosacr, xopaxajyhrr rtenixe J1 BOAehn sa y311.Y narpnjapxoay Ma3ry CBe ~o YJlaCKa y naJIaTy.'d.'~

Kao WTO Bl1.!U1MO, rrpasa crparopcxa cJIy:JK6a no aanazusaxXOM: ysopyl CBaKaKO HHje cnyxajao IIITO osaj npasop nana y

("'ITeHHH liMn. 06~. MCT. J.f )l;peBY;. Poce. 1868, IV, crp, 379 }i ;Il;.) casso aa HCTOPJfjy npxaeae WJ13Me 113 1054. Yrr. Slgibertus, Mon. Gerrn., Scriptores VI, CTp. 359-360.

ae Pachymeres (ed. Bonn) 72. 'Yo. M. A1fopeeBa, Q"IepKH no KynbType BH3aHTHAcKQrO ABQpa B XIII nese (Ilpar 1927) 79.

{192]

336 0 8epOBa1bUMa U CX8aTa1-bU.M.a BU3a1tTUlta~a

apexe JIaTJ1HCKe BJIa,.n;aBHHe y IJ:apMrpaAY, Tj. y BpeMe xazta je '3ana,n:lha'lKM YT~aj y BH3aHTHj CKOM CBeTY ~OCTUraO BpxYHall·16 A.nH, TPe6a nOHOBO HarJI8Cl1TH na CTpaTOpCKa ycnyra KOjy je MHX3JiIJIO yxasao 1258. naprnjapxy, npencrasrsa je,ZJ;mICTBeH ~aj y BH3aHTJ.ijcKoj MCTOPHjJ1, na H IIaxJ1Mep 0 H:teMY H3Bewrasa xao 0 He-qeM CaCBHM Heyo6J1'!ajeHoM H npe csera, )la MJrxaano Ilaneonor y TO speue jom Hl1je 6110 nap, O;D;JIHKOeSH TMTyJIOM BeJIHKM ;n;YKC, TaMaR ce crrpexao .n;a y"lJI1HH o;rJ;.JI)"IyjyhH xopax KOjH je TPe6aJIo.n;a My nonece 3BaHlfliHy nOTBp.II.y aaxecHJfnrI'Ba H TYTOpCTBa aa MaJJOJleTHOr napa JOBaHa IV. 3a TO MY je 6uJIa DOTpe6Ha norrropa J.WKBe 11 ynpaso IDy je J1 aaerojao na 3a;rr;o6Hje THMe WTO je narprrjapxy yxasao uHajBeli.y rroxacr", t:nmefl.H MY crparopexy ycnyry H 06aBl1BWH APyre, HHI1ITa Ma~e Heo6J1't{He Jf yna.,n:JbJ1Be pazra-e. 'I'axo j e, K8KQ J1CTJ1' IIaxJ1Mep ;rt;aJne J13BeUITaBa, CMeCTMO naTPJ1j apxa Y uapcxy onaiy, ,n:OK je OM CAM ~,1'p-q}{apao TaMo-a MO Jf Y CBeMy ra CJIY)KHOu. Ey,1J;ylrn: zta cy TPOWKOBH 60paBKa narpnjapxa 11 lberoBHx rtparsorana TepeTI1JlH .z:tPJK3BHy OJIarajllY, a OHa 6u.rra y MMXaMJJOBMM pyxaMa, "cMaTPSo je ,lJ;a Tpe6a na J1CIlJIaTH BHwe Hero WTO je ~W4a 6HJ1o nOTJ>e6HO'" ,n;a 6H, KaKO Ilaxmrep npHMehyje, "Ha BeWT Ha't{mI 3aCeHJ1:0 CBeWTeHCTBO ~apOBl{Ma Jot CTeKBO lherOBY naKJIOHOCT". TH H CJJWJHH MaHeBpJ1, xoje IIaxMMep HaBO,l1;U aa l1CTH no,n;CMeIllJbHB Ha~nfH, 6HJIH cy CBi1 yCMepeHM HS je,D;aH UHJL, Kojn je MuxaHJIo W nOCTJUao, ,1I.06J.fBWH najnpe HaMeCHWIKO a y6p30 38.THM H napcxo )J;OCTojaHcTBO. J{a je xao nap l1K8A yKQ3aO narpnjapxy 'LJaCT crparopcxe CJIy:m:6e~ HMje n03HaTO J{ CBaKaKO ce He MOlKe HJ1 npeTnOCTaBUTJ1:. Crparopcxa c.rry:m6a }{ojy je yxa3HB8o narpnjapxy ro~JflIe 1258. 6HJla je CSMO ernr- 30):{a Y J.fCTopujaTy yenona Tor 'laCToJby6J'.1Bor J1 npenpeneaor 't{OBeKa Rojn ce pa.,n;H nOCTH'3aaa CBOjMX ~MJLeBa C.nY1KHO He C81\fO YMOPCTBOM J1 KpJ1BOKJIeTCTBOM Hero M CBJ1M BpcT3Ma nOAMJ1i:rnBslba H JIaCKaIb8.

J{a BH3aHTHjcKl1: napesn HH y n03HO ;o;o6a HHCY BpnIJ.:lJUi crpSTOPCKy cnY2K6y nOKa3yje nena c~eHa Koja ce o~Hrpa~a 1342. npHJIlfKOM j ezmor cycpera H3Meljy napa J OBaHa VI KaHTQKY3l1Ha M Crecpaaa ,1lymaHa. Tp81KeliH CaBe3HJ4Ke nporna BJIanasmre 3aKOHHTOr BH38..HTlfjcKor napa JOB aaa V TIaJIeOJIora, KaHTaKY3HH - Kojn je oarofipa 1341. 6J1:o yseo napcxy apyxy

U Kao WTO je n03H.aTO~ Y JIaTHHCKJfM APJKaBaMa na HCTOKY apmeaa je 3anaAlLa~a CTparopcKa M MapmaJICKa cJIYJit6a. TaRo je rO,lJ,HHe 1153. aHTIlIOXJ1jCKH 1Ute3 PajHaJI,tt npl1,lJ;pmaBaO CTpeMea TaMowa.eM naTpJ1japXY. Kinnam. 182. 'Vn. Ducange y KOMemapy KHHaMa~ ed. Bonn CTp. 372. Holtzman-n. Der Kaiser als Marschall des Papstes, 30. n Hist, Zeitschr. 145j CTp. 331.

o C'l'paTOpcKoj CJl.YJJC6u 8JtaOapa

337

- 06pa'rHO ce MOnHOM CpnCKOM KPaJby it nOCJIe nYJKJ1X nperosapassa 38KJbYQ}[Q C lhHM yroaop ronmre 1342. y IIaYHMMa Henanexo 0;0; IIpI1IllTl1H.e. IIoTBpi}HBalbe yrosopa 3aKJleTBOM Tpe6aJIO je ;o;a ce o6aBH y npHcYCTBY cprrexor apxnernrcxorra. Kana je onaj ertrrao y IIaYHe 11 nojasao ce npen xpaJbeBCKHM ~BOpn;eM~ )l;ywaH My [e, KaKO KaHTaKY3HH CAM rrpsrsa, "IIorn80 y cycper l!.O cpe;n;J1He nsopxurra, YXBa'rHo apxxenzexonoaor xon.a aa y'3- lI.y M rroaeo ra )];0 MeCTa yo6lflJajeHOI' aa ojaxasee: TeK onna ra je n03ApaBJ10 11 npJltMHO OA lbera 6JIarOCJlOB. Uapy, MeljyTt1!vl~ Ruje ,n;OJIHKOBaJIO na Jf3t1i}e Jf3 xyhe, Hero je apXneIIJ1CKOna. no 06Hqajy uapesa POMeja~ ,1l;O'tleKaO Y KyhH, Ty ra nosnpaaao H raKobe npmmo rseroa 6JIarOCJIOB. U 11

113 oaor naaona B~l1MO ABe CTBapJL Caaaajexo, c je~He erpaae na je BeJIMKM epncxa xpars 05aBHO CBOM apxnermcxony CTpaTopCKY CJlY}K6y, ynpaso OHaKO xao WTO cy aanazraa BJ1a,napH "qMHKJtM nann, ff3MwaBWfI My y cycper H Bo.n;el;_l{ H;.erOBOr xorsa sa y3ll.Y - Y OBOM c.ny-qajy on cpemme ~BOpJ1111Ta ]1,0 yaaaa y rranary, DBa aeosra Ba}KHa J1 ztocan c.rra6o yoxeaa ~HlbeHJU~a 3aCJlYJKyje zta 6y;n;e IIoce6HO 3a6eJIe:m:eHa.1 s. Bpeznro je

nOMJUb8.lba H To,n;a apXHenJ1CKOn, KOMe je )lywaH npen KaHTa... (L931

KY3IDfQBI1M Oq}fMa 06aBHO crparopexy CJIYJK6y, HHje 6HO IUiKO

p;pyrn ll.O JoaHJ1KJfje~ nOTOE-bH npBJ1 CPIICKH rtarpnjapx. C ,u;pyre erpane BJ.f)::(HMO, MeljYTKM, zta ce KaHTaKY3J1H aHje yrJIe,n;ao na ,l{ymaHoB npaxep, Hero je apxaermcxona p;O'leKaO y ,n;BOPQY~ a Y'""f.J:UID10 je TO, KaKO M CAM H3PH'fHTO Jfcrnqe, "flO o6J11iajy ua-

pesa POMeja" KOjH HH.je nonynrrao npnrerse erparopexe CJIy:m:-

6e. CHTya:U;J1jy OCOOJi1TO jacao OCBeTJbaBa CynPOTHOCT M3Meljy .n:p1KaHloa BeJUfKor cpncxor xparsa, KOjH apxaerracaonosor xossa nOHJf3HO BOAR sa y3lI.Y KP03 ;LI;BOpHIlI'te, H napa Poereja, xojrr

je ):to;n:ywe yayprrarop " npMMopaH ,lJ;a Moi1Hor cprrcxor xparsa

MOJIH sa noxoa, aJU1 caeerax eaor ztocrojaacrea Ha~eJlHO ony-

craje ozt 06aBJLaaa crparopcxe cJIy3t6e .

.l(yman je rrpsn cprrexx nnanap KOju: je je):CHOM apxnjepejv yxaaao xacr crparopcxe c.TI)')K6e. I13 parrnjer spexeaa HJrulTa lie 1"ryjeMo 0 nocrojassy TaKBor oOH"'iaja y Cp6J1jJif J1, xao WTO he~IO EM,ZJ;eTH, TO HMa CBOjJ1X paanora. AnJ1, aajnpe MopaMO zta ce n03a6slUfM;O [om H CTPaTopCKOM CJ1y*60M MOCKOBCKI1X BJIap;apa.

if Kantalrozenos II (00. Bonn) 274.

11 lDy je 3a6eJIe1RJ.:Io cPAOPUHCKUit~ IOJK:HhIe CnaB.A:He Jf BH3QHTJUJ II (1882) 85, amr C8MO caCSJ1M JIeTnMJIfllHO. JIa je lIywaH ca npeitCTaBttm.UfM.a QpKBe noeryrrao ca nyHO rronrroaarsa, n03HaTO jet Mel)YTHM, " Jf3 APyrHX Jf3BOpa.

22 OCTpOrOPCltH~ V KK.Mra

338 0 BepOSa'J-bU.Ma U CXaaTa1bUJd.a BU3a'HTU1tau,a

$:

I194J

qacT CTpaTOp<:Ke cJIyJK6e YKa3JfBaJIH cy Y PYCJ.1jlI Y XVI H XVII BeKY BJIaAap, OAR. lberOBH npe;n;CTaBHH~U:, HajBMwHM npxBeHHM BeJIHKOAocTojHHD;lfMa y OKBHPY [enxe npxsene CBe"l.I8- HOCTH. Ilpexa BeOMa MHOr06pojIDfM IIOAaI.l;J1Ma KaKO Y pyCKHM M3BOpl1Ma TaKOt noceoao, y Jt:3BewTajHMa I1HOCTpaHau;a KOjJ.1 cy y XVI If XVII sexy nOCeTHJIH PYCHjy, y TO ;n;o6a je CBaKe rO,llJ1He Ha U:BeTH, y MOCKBH xao Jf Y amne PYCKJ1X rpaztoaa-errJ.1CKOnCKJ1X cezrmrrra, npxpehaaaaa BeJIHKa JIMTlfja Y KOjOj 6M HajBJ.fWl1 npetJ;CTaBHHK npxae, rroztpaacaaajyhsr XPMCTOB ynasax y J epycanax, j axao aa Marap~y (J1JlM na xors Y npepynrerrox Y Marapu;a), xojer 6H aa y3P;Y BOAJ.10 Y npOBHHIJ;J1jCKHM rpanosaMa, HajBrfUU1 no paary JIOKaJIHI1 T.U1HOBHJ:1K, a y MOCKBH nap JIW:lHO. Jlpaao Ha npocrraazsarse u;BeTM TaKBt1M JIHTl1jaMa J1MaJ1J1 cy Mel)y npOBMHIJ;J1:jCKMM rpa,n;OBl1:Ma, KOJIJfKO 3HaMo, HOBfOPO,n;, Kasan, Acrpaxaa, To60JICK~ POCTOB M Pjasaa. ,Il;OK je Acrpaxaa ro npaao crexao TeK 1667. a To6oJICK TeK 1668, Taj o6J11.laj je y Ka38HY 6HO crapnjer AaTyM8, y Honropozry nax, xao nrro hexo Blfp;eTw, lIO CBOj npHJn1~H cTapnjH Hero y casso] MOCKB".19 MeljyTJ1M, O)l;.nyKOM MOCKOBCKor cmtO,D;a U3 1678. rrpaao npapeI'jMBalba JU1TMja aa IJ;BeTl1: O;U;Y3eTO je npOBHHn;f1jcKl1M rpanoaxaa J1 orpaarrseao aa MOCKBY, 'lMMe [e, c jeztae erpaae, xarnauren BeJIHKJ1 anaxa] Te uepexonaje, a c npyre erpaae Jf Bl1COK yrJIe~ M rrocebaa rronoscaj MOCKOBCKor narpxjapxa, KOMe je OTa~ [eznrHOM Tpe6aJIo na rtpxrrazta rrpano ,n;a nozrpancaaa Cnacrrren.a.P" A.rrM, ra nepesrcaaja Hu:je ce HM y MaCKBM ozmeh nyro onpzcana: nOCJIe;qH:oM nyr je nprrpehena rOAUHe 1696, na je 3aTHM ca YKJiI.n;afbeM rra-rpajapunrje (1700) KOHa'tJHO l1mQe3J1a.

CBe'tfaHt1 KOJH1KO H KOMnJIJ1KOBaHH o6pep; pyexor npasiroaaIta UBeTH BeOMa je nonpotiao npoysaaaa ca mrryprnjcxe crpaHe. OC06MTO ra je HMKOJbCKl1 peKOHCTpYMcao y CB~M IIojeAHHoCTl1Ma H BapMjaHTaJl.1a J1 ya TO 06jaBHo 11 HeKOJB1KO aYTeHTJ1"LJH~X onxca." 3a.n.OBOJbl1heMO ce OB,lJ;e npMKa30M H:terOBHX Haj-

111 Iloaersa KOjy cy BJleKCaH,lWMjCKJ1 naTpl'ljapx najcHje. aHTMOXJ1jCKJ1 MaKapHje J1 MOCKOBCKH Joacacp~ "ca npMcTaHKoM" uapa Anexceia MJ.1xaJ.1JIOBWla, "3;D;3JlM 1667. )J,aje aerpaxaacxosr Ml1TpOnOJUfTY npaso )J;a lJ,BeTM npocnaazsa JIHTJ1jaMa •• KaKO TO "UtHe npeocsebean KlfP MlfTponoJIJ1T BeJIUKOl' HOBI'OpO,D;a H BeJIHKHX JIYKa 11 KJ1P Kaaana J.f. CBlfja}KCKa " ,u;pyni" (AKTbl J1CTOp. IV, Gp. 199, CTp. 371). )la JUf nOA ".u.pyn'lMa'~ 'l'pe6a no,n;pa'3YMeBaTH piaaaacxor H POCTOBCKor MlfTponOJIJ1Ta. He Mome ce 00- Y3,l1;aHO pet\li1, jep 0 apeMeflY naetajaa,a OBaXBJ1X JIJ1TJ1ja y T~M I'pa~OBH:l.1a HJ1je n03HaTO HMInTa Ta1lHuje .

.20} O;D;JlYKe CJfHO,lJ;a "3 1678: AKThI Apx. EKCne.IJ;. IV, 6p. 223.

~l K. HUX:OJfbC'KU1l~ 0 CJJYlKGax PyCCKOft U;epKF.lJ1 6bIBUIlfX a npeJKHHX nexaraxsrx 60rOCJIOBCKJfX xaxrax (Jlerporpan 1889) 45-97. Yn. H 11.

339

BruKHHjKX MOMeHaTa KOju: cy sa Haw np06JIeM 0]\ nertocpeztaor aaaxaja. Ilpeua 06pe~y KOjJ.f je OAP}KanaH y MOCKBR Y npyroj nOJIOBIi!HH XVI J1 rrpsoi no.nOBUHM XVII sexa, JII1TJ1ja 611 on 1r CIIeHCKe cafiopne npxse mnna ,n;o J epycamorcxe upxse a aa- 1'J1M, nOCJIe xparxe cJIY>K6e 60mje y TOj U;PKBl1~ orrer ce spanana y ¥cneHcKY; npexa ,IlOUHHjeM o6pe.oy, ozt apesrexa Anexceja MHxaMJ]oBJ'P-la~ MeljyTHM, caseo on JI06Hor MeCTa )];0 Y Cl1eHCKe cafiopne npxse, xao WTO je H XPI1CTOC npM.nHKOM CBOI' YJIaCKa y J epycaJIMM npeaamro C3MO xparax KQMa,Il ny-ra, Kao YEO,!]; Y CBe'tJaHOCT1 rrpen nOJIa3aK JIHTli1je npo-nrrao 6M onrosapajvan T€KCT J13 Jeaaahezsa no Marejy MJilTpOnOJIMT O;n;H. narpnjapx, npexa erapaiex 06peJI.Y. a ljaKoH npexa HOBHjeM; narpnjapx 6J1 cana peunroaao caxo OHe CTMXOBe KOjH npenoce roaop Ca1\IOr CnaC11.T€Jha: roaopehx "M,2l.J1'I'€ y ceJIO IlITO je rrpexa aaxra •. ." (MaT., 21~ 2) nOCJ1ao 6u zrsojany CBOjHX Jby;n;H na My ,ll;OBeAY l\1arapIJ.a ozrpeheaor aa Jn1T~jy. OH,IJ;a 6J1 narpajapx yajaxao Marapua, a nap p,OXnaTJ10 ysne, H JIJ1Tl1ja 6J1 xpeayria. Ilap je 6110 O,l1;eBeH y T3B. ~,BeJn1Ky uapcxy aounsy" M, Bo.n;ehl1 narpnjapxonor Marapua aa Y3ll.Y, ca KPYHOM xa rJIaBJ1, OKtfBeH :o;apCKJ1M MHCJ1fHl1jaMa, xopaxao je xcnpezt narpnjapxa KOjJf je [axao aa rvrarapu;y. Taxo je aarnamaaaao na OR narpnjapxy BPWH erpaTOPCKY cJIym6y xao nap u: Y nyHOM noceny csoie uapcxe BJIaCTH. Ilarpnjapx je HOCHO na rJIaBH 6eJIy MJ1TPY J1 Y ;a.eCHoj PYD;l1: zrpacao KpCT KOjHM je 6JIarocJtJhao HapO.D;. CTpaTOpCKa pa,nl-ba UMaJIa je aarnameao CHM60JIlPiaH xapaxrep H no TOMe WTO 6M nap casro OBJIaw YXBaTt10 xpaj BeOMa ztyraxxe Y311.e 11 npa TOM 511 ra BO~J1Jla non pyKy ;QBojl1n;a lherOBl.fX "Haj6JlmKHX Jby;Z1Jf''' nox je HajyrJIe;n;HJ1jl1 60Jbap uapcraa (no;n; Anexcejex MnxaanoEH~eM nOHeK8,[{ 11 lberOB CJ1H~ ll.apeBJ1B Anexcej Anexcejeaax) npxcao y3JJ.y no Cpe;lJ;I1HU, je,n:aH o.rr; MJIa1jl1X 60Jbapa JttJU1 HeKJ1 OKOJlHn~Hj J1 [eztan op; narpajapxoanx JhYAH BO~H cy IIaK Marapu;a C oGe crpane aa nOBO,n;. Y JIHTJ1jJ.1 cy Y'ieCTBOBa;1J1 C3I1 MOCKOBCKJ1 ,!l,BOpaHM H 'iJ1HOBHJ1n;H7 xao 11 uenoxynao cseurrenCTBO. Ha q-eJlY .TfUTJfj e J111IJIa j e xera ;u;uj axa, nsopaaa, CTP j arr-nrj a if CTOJbHVlKa y 3.:rlaTHJ1M O~e}K~aMa. Jil3a lbl1X je aonreaa J1CKJ1- hexa Bp6at aa KO.JB1Ma ca KOjHX cy oztoaro .n;eqaUJI y 6e;u1.'\! KOrnYJbaMa nesamr OcaHY. 3aTMM cv Hal1.'la3HJ1Jt .aYXOBHl1UH. HeKOJU1KO CTOTI1Ha Ha 6poj y. y CBe':laHl1:\1 npxaemrv O~e)l{AaMa, aocehn KpCTOBe M ~KOHe 11 Marnynl1 Ka~V10HJ1I.taMa. 3a fuHMa cy, y aaicxynoneaaio] oaehn. ca naJIl:10BMM rpaa-rmraxa y PYU;J1, HaMJIa3aJIJ1: ~JIaHOBf1 60JbapCKe ,rtYMe: .nYMCKJ.l ,!J;J1jall,l1, ,D;YMCKJ1

3a6eJl.u'U. ,n:oMaIlIHJ.ti1: Gbrr PYCCKJ1X uapea I (MocKBa 1862) 325-332; B. Cease, MOcKoBcKHe uapx JJ BJ13aHTm1:ClU.fe B3CJ.1neBCbl (XapbKoB 1901), 158-175.

[195]

340 0 8epOBa1-bUJta U CX8aTa1-b'U.JKa BU3aliTU"Ha~a

ABopaHH, OKO.nHl{Ql1jH K 60Jb.apH, Kopa"lajyh.H rrcnpert J1 ca o6e erpaae rropen napa, li13a narpxjapxa HIDJIJ1 cy MliTpOnOJIMTff, apxxjepeja 11 apXHM.aHApHTJ1 y paCKOII1HJ1M O..o.elK.Il,aMa. ITOBOPKY 6" 06J-N:HO 3aBpWWIl{ Hajyr.rreJ];HHjH TproBJJ;H. ITOJIaKO ~ CBe'4aHO xperana ce JU1TJ1ja xa VcneHcKoj ca6opHoj "QPKBH, ;D;OK cy neua rrpocrsrpana xarserxe JJ;Y2K nyra npen napa H narpa] apxa. n pez; ca60pHOM ~PXBOM. 6H narpniapx cjaxao ca Marap"Qa H 6J1arocJloBr10 napa, 3a 06aBJbeHY CJIy>K6y ,c;o6wjao je nap o~ narpnjapxa xao lberOB crparop ztae CTOTm£e py6aJba~22 WTO je xapaxrepacTWrnO. A.Jrn:, K80 caor anaztapa, Taj l1CTH narpajapx nOJby6~o 6J1 napa Y PYKY 11 pane, lUTO tmje HHMSJIO MalLe xapaxrepaenrsao. 3aTJfM 61{ rrarpxjapx y eafiopno] U.pKBH CJIYlKJ10 cJTym6y 11 p3.3,n;eJIHO CBHMa npHCYTIDIMa Bp60Be rpaasnne.

Raj CTapHj a BeCT 0 JIHTHjJi[ Ha IJ:seTH y PyCHj H norxse J1'3 rO)l;J1He 1548. a Q,D.HOCJl( ce aa HOBrOpO,D;, r)l;e cy na llseTH Te ro,!1;Hae HOBropo,rtC!OI HaMecmm;H ~,Marapu:a rrozt MJ1TpOnOJIHTOM BOAHJUr: O,ZJ; npxse CD. Co¢m:j e 1I.O J epycamnrcxe npxse H MeTO TaKO HaTpar.U28 3a MOCKBY [e nwm:ja aa USeTJ1 npaa nyT nOCBe.1l:0'lJeHa KO,n: XajHPJ1'xa CPOR lliT8.l1.eHar KOju: je 1564. ztonrao y PYCHjy J1 ~UtjH OIlJ1C ca.n;PJKJ1 ABa KpaTKa noxeaa 0 cnaxoronaunsen "yjaXHBalby nane (Tj. MOCKOBCKor MMTpOnOJIwra) aa ,n;aH UBeTH".24- 3aTl1M, ca K3SeJlITajeM H3aCJIaHKKa napa MaKCHMHJIHjaHa II, npmnta ~aHJ1J1a O,IJ; Byxaya, KOjH je MOCKBY nOCeTMO 1576. Jf 1578, nO'mIbe lJ.Yr K mapea HH3 caBpeMeHHx enxca o,n; ,1l,pymx erpaaana KOj H cy OCTaBKJIH sa C060M 6eJleWKe 0 CBOM 60paBKy y pYCl1jJ1l1 onnnspao npHKa33JIH .nMTJ.1jy aa UBeTH, na if. ca tbOM nOBe3aHY crparopcxy CJIYJK6y MOCKOBCKor napa, 0)1; xpaja XVI Betta npJlTH"lY HaM BeCTH 0 TOMe Y BeJlHKOM 6pojy H H'3 PYCKi1X J13Bopa. Taxno caCBJ[M jaeao CT8IDe M3Bopa aeh je B. easy aaseJIO aa 3aKJLYQaK na JrnTMje Ha IlBeTH y PYCHjH TeWKO .n;a none nopexno Jf3 apesserra rrpe J1BaH8 IV.2!1. YnpKoc cYMJDI1 P. XOJIll;MaRa (Hist. Zeitschrlft 145, CTp. 328 ca Han. I), CaBMH 3aKJbyqaK MOJKe ce CMaTPaTH OCHOBa.HHM, norOTOBO WTO ce Casa, a XOJIJ.J;Mas TO npeBm,a, n03MBa He easro H8 ormrre Hyr8lbe cTapMjl1x J13BOpa Hero H na hyoralbe [emror onpeheaor l1:3BOpa ca rtoxerxa XVI aexa y KojeM 6Jf caCBUM noysnaao rpefiano OQeKJ1:aaTM He-

:ill! TaKo caCBJIM CarJlaCHO Petrus de Erlesunda, 'qTeHiffl B HMn. 06IQeclBe J{CTOPHH H .D:pes. Pocc. 1867, II 443, Adam Oleanus, ibidem 1868, II~ 92, " Fletcher, Of the Russian Common Wealth (ed. Edw. A. Bond. 1856) 138.

51. PaCXo,I(Hble KHH1"Jf CoqmAcKoro .D;oMa 33 rop;nHY 1548. y: H3BeCTHR HMO. Apxeoa, 06w;eCTBa III. 48 Vn. HtUc:oJtbC1CUit~ H • .n. 65.

U H. 'V. Staden. Aufzeichnung tiber den Moskauer Staat, ed. Fritz Epstein (1930) 27 H 62.

U B. CaeBa, H. ;0;. 170 " ,n;.

o crparopcjco] CJi.yxou 8Aaaapa

341

KO nOMMR.albe JIHTHja na [{BeT¥( na cy Y ORO BpeM€ aei'i 6HJIe rrpJtP€'J:,HBaHe y PycujJ1. Pex je 0 Xep6epIllTajHOBl1M ~YBeHJ1M R eTum M oscoviticarum Commeniarii. lbux.OB ayrop je 6opaBl1o y PYCl1jK y rO;n;J1HaMS 1517. H 1526. J1 npl1JIJ1KOM caor rtpyror rryTOBaH.a ,n;06Jfo O.D; Ha}J;BojBo~e <pep;n;HHaH,tl;a Jf3PJAifT HaJIOr na o6paTH nocebay naE:lLy aa o6pe.ne pYCKe l'(PKBe,2~ rra Mn&K HmnTa He jaBJba 0 neKHM JIHTHjaMa aa UBeTH. AKO hYTalbe osor ~3BpcHor n03HaBao~a MOCKOBCKHX o6~aja ynope~MMO ca ~HlbeHI1'IJ;OM ;n;a nO'ieBWn 0)3; npyre nOJIOBHHe XVI sexa HM8MO BeJIHKH 6poj J13BelIlTaj a 0 pyCKHM JIHTMjaMa aa UBeT11 H zta, TaKO pehJ1, CBaKH erpaaart KOjw je aa II;BeTH 6HQ y PYCHjU H 0 CBOM 60paBKY OCTaBHO 6eJIeWKe, 'JaK J1 xazt HJ.f 113,D;aJIeKa Imje HMao Xepfiepirrrajaos ;n;ap 3anaJKaJD8, nOMJtIIne 1'1 J13BaHpelJ:HO CBeqaHy H yna;O;JbHBy l.\epeMOHJ.1jy, TemKO heMo ce M01;.H OTeTJ1 3aKJbytlxy ,Ita cy JUfTHje na IJ;BeTH J1 ca tbJilMa rroseaaaa erpaTopeKa cJIyJK6a ananapeaa HaCTaJIe y PYCHjM TeK I10CJle Xep- 6epmTajHa, Tj. TeK rrozt li1BaHoM IV.27

ill Ta ce can MOlKe pehH 0 nopexny PYCKHX ID1'I'Hja aa D;BeTlf7 c je,n;He crpaae, 11 ca !bUMS nosesaae C1'paTOpCKe c.rrys6e pycCKJ1X napesa, c ,rr;pyre? ,UOK rrxrarse 0 nopexay pYCKe erparopexe cJ1yJlt6e nocaa Huje sax H:Ii 036UJbHO nOKpeTaHo,28 0 npo6- JIeMY rropexaa JHITHja aa IJ;BeTH y PyCJ1jH pacnpaarsano je Beli :enwe rryra, BecTU 0 J1HTMjaMa na :QBeTM K80 cehassa H& XpHCToe ynasas y Jepycamoa MMaMO KaKO M3 JepYCaJlUMS TaKO 11

to F. Adelung, Siegmund FreiheIT von Herberstein (lIeTporpa~ 1818) 151.

:117 J1'J eroneaa 1'I3Me~y 1576. H 1676. n03HaTH cy HaM ,zI;aHac H.3Benrr-ajH o JIHT.MjaMa aa llBeru H CTPSroPCKoj cny1K6Jf pyCKltX napeaa H3 nepa HHlIITa MaH:>e Hero 13 CTpSHaQ,3. To cy: 1) H'3aCJlaHl.flC ~apa MaXClDUfmtjaua II, DP~ Daniel von Buchau~ KOjPl je 6"0 y MOCKS" 1576. H 1578; 2} earaecxsr reorpadi RiChard Haklyut, KOjJ1 je mrcac ()KO 1584; 3) eHTJIecKH nOCnaHJfK Giles Fletchef'j ROjJf je BU)l;OO JlWl'Hjy ro}:(Jrne 1589; 4) ,AaHCIW npJ1JIQ JOBaH~ KOjH je DoceTHO MOCKBY ozo 1604; 5) ~paHI.tY3 Ma1'get'et. KOjH je 1600-1606 6HO y pyCK.Qj CJlY1K6H; 6) JIIDle6ypm::aHMH Konrad BUS80W (Martin Bebr), KOjH je y rrpao] ~eQI1HJfjJ.f XVII aexa 6Jfo ;nB,aIlyr y MOCKS" - aainpe no Ha.nory nraencxor a 3aTUM no Ha.nory DOJhCXOr KpaJha; 7) PetTUs de Erlesunda, ltoju je gao H3aCJlaHMK uraencxor JtpaJba Kapna IX 60paBJi{) y MOCKBJ:I 1608. Jot 1611; 8) Adam Olearlll.S, KOjJ1 je nocerao PYCHjy 1633, 1636. M 1638; 9) 6apoH Augustin von Meyerberg, KOjJ1 je 1661. 6J.f0 Y MOCR'BH ca ~3aCJIaHCTBOM napa JIeonOR,!I;a I; 10) EHl'JIe3 Samuel Colltn8~ KojH je 1660-1666. 6HQ JUNHf1 JIeKap napa AJreKceja MJ'UCaJ1JIOBJ1Qa; 11) Guy Miege. ROjH je 1664. 6110 y MOCKSJ.1 ca M3acnaHCTBOM eHrJleCKOl' xpansa, '-!ap.n:ca II; 12) l)2.KOH fiasAe lf3 Anena, Kojn Je 1656. J:! 1666. nparao aHT110Xl1jCKor narpajapxa y MOCKBY; 13) XOnaH,lJ;CKH nOCnaHl'1K Konrad van Klenk, KOjH je 1676. 6HO y MOCKBJ1+

,. R. HoUzmalln. Hist. Zeitschr. 145, crp, 33It caao KpaTKo aanoMHlLe KaKO Je crparopcsa cJJYJKGa ,:a;ocne.7la y MacKBy .,CBaK8KO ca JfCTOKa~'. Wl'O MeI)YTI1M, xao UlTO heMo Bli,AeTl11 HHje TaqHO,'

[196]

[197]

342 0 eep08a'lbUJLa U CXSaTa1-bU.Ata BU3U1-lTtOW 4a

H3 U:apHl'pa.n;_a. A. AMl1TpHjeBCKJ.t je HeAaBHO H'3 je;a;Hor pYKOnl1- ca IX-X BeK8. ny6JB1KOBBO o6pe;n; no KojeM je uapnrpancxa narpnjapx 06J.ft1HO npOCJI3BJbao UBeTH.29 TIpeMa TOMe 6H rrarpxjapx nOCJIe jYTPeH:!a aajnpe ocrajao HeKO BpeMe y MYTaTopl1jy npKBe CB. COcP~je~ ,D;OK 611: ce 'iJI8HOBH lberOBor xnepa ynyTIL'I11 y UPKBY 40 MyqeIDIKa zta je npxrrpesse aa rrarpnjapxoa ztoxex. ,~Y o;n;peljeHff xac narpsrj apx orma 06JIa~ CBeqaHY o~e}l{AY Jf ~ ~PJKehJ1 y je,D;Hoj pymr }KHBOTBOPHH KpCT a y .n;pyroj MJ1pUCHHM usehesr yxpanreay rraJIMOBY rpaHt{J1O;Y, 113JI83J.f M3 npxae, nOKpHsa rnasy BeJlOM~ yajame xoisa J1: xpene Y UPKSY 40 ~eHMKa, ,n;OK n:pKBeHM xop saneaa Tponap 'Onnrre aaexpecense'. IIaTpHjapxosx apxoam, enl1.CKOnJ1, CBe1.U'TeHl1D;H_ 11 neB~H ... M.UY rretnxe xerrpen narpxjapxoaor KOlba, aoceha naJIMOBe rpairsnne H xpcroae VI nesajyha npa3HJ1qK~ -rporrap. u CTJ1raSIIUr Y U;PKBY 40 Myt.[eHHKa rrarpnjapx TY ocsehyje naJIMOBe rpanxmte 11 p;eJIJ1 MX aapony, 113 itpxae 40 MYQeHl1Ka ynyTlI ce rrennce, ca JIl1Tl1jOM rrpezt KOjOM rroce KpCT KOHCT8HTJ1Ha Benmcor, .0;0 KOlICTaHTI1- HOBor KJ1IIa 11 o,o:aTJIe HaTpar y ~pKBy CB. Cocpaje, r;n;e CJIymH .1IMTYPrnjy. CBe'tfaHOCT ce aaapmasa r0360M KOA narpnjapxa.

Beosra je ynaarsaao U[TO OTnpMJIHKe J1CTOBpeMeHa KlbHra o nepexoarrjana KOHcTaHTHHa VII HJ1WTa He aasyje 0 JUITJ1jaMa xa UBeTH. Y crapxjo] H8~H, xoja HH.ie II03H8BaJla TeKCT IDTO ra je .IbrnTpHjeBcKM o6jaBMo, hYTalhe KlhHI'e 0 gepeMOHHjaMa BaJKlfJIO je xao p;OKa3 na TaKBJiX JIHTH"ja y BH3aHTHjM HHje 611JIo. Y CTBapJ1", TO ce hyraa.e o6jarru-basa jennno "LJ:J1lbeHHUOM na nap BM3aHTl1je, KaKO rrorspbyje M naaeztemr TeKCT, Huje y=teCTBOBao y JIJ1Tffj J1 na IlBeTJ1. J ep, KaHra 0 uepeMOHJ1j aaa KOHCTaHTJ.1Ha VII 6eJIe:ao1 caxo OHe nepexoanje KojHMa npacyersyje nap, TO jeer, ztaje 06aBeWTelba caxo 0 TOMe KaKO je nap npocnaszsao I.J;BeTl1 JI[ npeaaax npexo n;pKBeHe neperaoarrje y KOjOj nap y OBOM CJIyqajy mrje cyzrenoaao. )1;OK je narpxiapx, noztpaacaaajyhx XpJ!CTa, y npara-n CBeWTeHCTBa, Y csesano] mtTHjH jaxao OA tWKBe CB. CO¢Hje ,ZJ;o npxae 40 My-qeHJfKa, nap je ocrajao y CBOM nnopuy 11 TY, KaKO Kihl1ra 0 n;epetl[OHl1jaMa noxaayje, npOCJJ8BJhaO l1pa3H~K ca CBOjJ1M )l;BOpaHJ1Ma. ;n;eJ1eBH rraJIMOBe rpaHQJ{LJ;e CBOjMM "tfJ1HOBH~l.1;J1Ma. 11 rrprrcycrayjyha cny)K5H 60lKjOj caMO y ,n;BOPCKJ1M upKBaMa.30 TaKBo yna,ll;Jbl1BO ;(pmaJbe napa, KOjM HHaqe Hlije nponynrrao HJ1je;rr;HY 3HaQajHY u;pKBeHY CBe'tfaHOCT, otijannsaaa ce caCBHM rrpoero, K8KO je Ben

2, A . .a.KUmpUe6cnuit~ Xo:m,n;eHHe n8Tpuapxa KOHCTaHTHHOnOJIbCKOrO na 1Kepe6HTe B aenemo Banw B IX " X eexax. C60PHJ1K cTaTet1 B "-teeTh A. 11. C060JIeBCKOro (C60P"HK OT,!I;. PYCCK. H3bIKa " cnoe, AKaA. Hayx CCCP CI. 6p. 3, 1928) 69 " a.

~v De Caerim. 171 H ,!(.

343

)lMIlITpHjeBcKH yO'-n10~ uapeaa nojasa Y JIm'HjM Ha "UBeTI1 ~Onena 6lt ra y nonoacaj na nopen narpnjapxa Ha KOlhY xopa nemxe rta J1):(e. Ha TO je):laH 'Bf1'3aHTHjcKFI nap HHje Morao rrpxcTaTJ1, a ,1l,a 11. He rOBOpHMO 0 Bpmelby erparopcxe CJIY}Koe. Bnure je BOJIeO ,n;a ce6e CaCBl1M HCKJbY'·U'I, na ce aaraapao It'3a xansrja csor zrsopua.

Kao UITO je, y paanje npJ1Ka3aHOM CJIyqajy, BH33HTUjCKJ.i nap JOBaH KaHTaKy3mI~ c 063"pOM aa eaoje BHCOKO .n;OCTojaHCTBO pMMCKor napa, OCTao y xyhx, ~OK je cpncror xpars nOXMTao y cycper CBOM apxxernrcxorty 11 YCJIymt10 ra xao CTpaTQP, TaRO je J1 na !..lEeTH, xana cy pyCK~ IJ;apeBJ1 cBojaM ,,2Ke3JIOHOCHWM pyxaxa" BO~Jn1 narpajapxonor Marapua sa Y3lJ.YI nap BJ13aHTMje - rraaenn na caoje ztocrojaacrao - ocrajao Y CBOjOj naJlanl, )l;aJI€KO on CBe'lJaHOCTM xojy je lberOB napozi HanOJbY CBeTKOBao. Ilap l1 rrarprrjapx Llapirrpana npOCJIaBJbaJU1 cy ~BeTJl 0;0;nojeno J1 CBaK na CBOj Ha-trJ.1Hr U OTY)J; MU aa UapHrpa.n; 113 xeror ;n:06a f1MaMO zrsa nOTnYHO pa3JIJNHTa 06pe.o;a y npaaaosaisy UBeTH: je)l;aH je o;n;pel)eH sa U;pKBeHY ynorpefiy, Apyrrr sa nap('KIf )J;BOp.31 Ta BaJKHa canaarsa ,n;OHoee HaM o6pe.n; napzrpaztcxe upxse 0 npa3ID1Ky UBeTJ1, KOjI1 je o6jaBHo ,UMt1TpffjeBcKu, ff lberOBO rropeheise ca orrxcox rrpocnase UBeTH Y KIhM3M 0 uepeMOHMjaMa KOHCTaHTMHa VII. Jam je,o;HOM BH,11;HMO caCBMM [acno KOJH1KO ce llP»rafne BM3aHTnjcKr1X uapesa paanrrxyje on .n;p:m:a-

J-ba OCTaJU1X cpe.n;fbOBeKOBHJ1X nnaztapa. AJIM, HeheMO ce Monu [198]

CJIOJKJ1TH ca ,Il;MHTpJ1jeBcKHM Ka.n; OH Y uapnrpancxosr o6pe;n;y

)f{eJ.U1: na BM~M ysop PYCKMX JIHTHja aa IJ;BeTH. ,I(OBOJbHO je ;:a;a

Ta.i ofipezr yrropemeso ca rope omrcaamr HaT.fMHOM PYCKe rrpo-

C.TIaBe UBeTH, rra ,D;a CMeCTa yBH.ZJ;MMO zta je - =rax 11 He y3HMa-

jyill1' y 063J1p paamr-nrro ,n;pJKalbe PYCKMX M BM3aHTJ:fjcK(IIx BJIa-

napa - CJ!lrtlHOCT J13Mel)y T8 ~Ba 06pe.n;a CaCBJ1M MaJ.IeHa~ a paamrxa E:eOMa BeJU1Ka.

,n;pYK"tJ~je ncrrazta rropeseise PYCKJ1X JlJ1TJ1ja na [(eeTI1 ca jepycaJUtMCKUM 06penOM KOj" ce Y caaxoj nojenaaocrn OCJIaa.a rta TeKCT jesaHrye.Tba. Jlerr OITJ1C jepYCaJIHMCKOr 06pe.u8 aa npocnany D;BeTu naje cppalbeBa."t£Ku MOH8X Kapesryc, KOjJ1 je cBe'J'Y 3el\.[JhY nOCeTJfO y XIII BeKY. Tlpexra TOM OIIliCy, jepycamoacxrr rrarpnjapx 3anyTI1 ce caaxe rozmae na UBeTH, y npaTfhI1 eaemrreHCTBa, xozrovacmrxa J1 jepyca.JJJI!\lCKHX CTaFtOBHrrKa. y BI1T-

U KaKo je ){.xumpUeBCl<ui1t H. ;1. 70 noxaaao, y Uapnrpa.lY je OOHqaj npJ1pel}HBalba JutTuja na U.seTH. pa,nn vcnowene na XPl1CTOB y.r.ra'33ilC y JepYC8JIKM uacrao Hajn,ou,EU1je y IX B€KY. Y n03HoBU3aHTl1jcKo ,n;o6a, MelJYTHM, "JUHJ1 ce JJ:a annie fiJ1je nocrojao. Y uepe~IOHHju xojy TlceyztoKOAUlIJ 67 J;I ;0:. (Bonn) .n,aje aa UseTJ'.!. uap H narpuiapx yqeCTByjy sajf"J{HJ1qKJ1~ a Jf.lty oBojuu;a rreunce. ¥n. J1 Pachymeres I. 293.

344 0 SepOBa1-bUJI[a U CXSaTa1bU.M..a BU3aHTUJ-wu.a

{l99]

cllary r;n;et nOJby6JfBWl1 CBeTO TJIe, O'lHTa MOJUtTBY J1 OIlP)KH rrpo- 110Be,.n; CBOjOj naCTBJf. 3aTI1M ijaKoH rrpo-rara onroaapajyhrr TeKCT J13 jeBaHl)eJba no MaTejy; nOCJIe pe-nr: "J1cyc IIOCJ1a .I:,Ba yxeHJ1Ka roaopehn 11M" (MaT. 21, 1-2), rrarprrjapx ce 06paka ;::tBO'" jl1IzyI MOHaxa l1 Kame: t)J1AJ1Te y eeno WTO je npsaa saxa ... " (MaT. 21, 2), Ha nrra J)aKOH 'niTa TeKCT jeB3Hije.Jha ll.O xpaja, Y TO ce apahajy ,n;BojJ.l~a MOHaxa Bo.n;ehH MarapHIJ;y. uApXl1jepej ysjawe MarapJ1UY H npexo MaCJU1HOBe rope xpeae y JepycaJII1M. y npaTlhJ1: cseWTeHCTBa H OCTaJIHX aepaxxa, KOj H nyr npen fLl1M noeanajy rpaH'IH~aMn JI.( I1;BeheM, rrpoerjrpy XaJLeTKe 11 CnnQHO jeapejcnoj ,lJ;e.QH nesajy OC3HY. "lIoBopKa CTaHe rrpezt n;pKBOM CB. Cnaca y Jepycamory. ~,Ty apxnjepej cjame ca Marapmte Jf y U;PKBM no CBHMa nponJ1CJ.1Ma CJIy2KM JllITyprnjy, xoia ce 38.BpWaBa 6JIsrOCHJb3Jb.eM aapona. ,,82

CJnAHOCT H3Mel)y osor o6pe,lJ;a H I103HaTe HaM MOCKOBCKe nepexoaaje 3aHCTa je J13BaHpe.llHO BeJIJ.1Ka. To B31KH seh sa CTaPHjH, a OCoO"-TO rtax sa peBJ1)l;JfpaHH MOCKOBCKH o6pe..n; XVII BeKa KOjJ{, YKOIDlKO noeiearpaxo caMO ~pKBeHY CTpaHY CBeTxoaane, noxasyje cxopo nOTDYHY HCTOBeTHOCT ca jepycanxsrCKUM o6pe~oM. Ilopea ormrre CpO)l;_HOCTH, y jepycaJIliMCKOM 06- peny l13JIa3e HaM rrpen O"t{H Jtf CBe KapaKTepU:CTKqHe nojep;HHocTW xoje ce nOHOBO [aarsajy H y MOCKOBCKOM o6pe.n;y: t,aKOH "t!HTa jeBaHljeJbe no Marejy, narpxjapx O,ll;anrnJbe ,ZlBOjJ1Il;Y MOHaxa~ YJla3aK Ha Marapu;y (OAR. aa KOlhY rrpepynreaost xao Marapau), XaTheTn;J1 npocrprn rryTeM~ Ocana HT~. IIpeMa TOMe He MOJKe 6MTJ1 Hl1KaKBe cyMfhe .n;a je MOCKOBCKa JIHTHja aa nBeTI1 HaCTaJIa no yrereny aa jepYC8JIJfMCKy.S3 IIoWTO cy ce y MOCKOBCKOM 06- peny C BpeMeHoM 6l1JIe rrojasnne nexe HenpaBl1JIHQCTH (xao ;z:t;BOcrpyxa OIIXOJl:~a MJUf TO nITO narpnjapx 'IJ1Ta jeBaHljeJbe - B. rope), o6pe,n; je y XVII BeKY nOHOBO ynopehea ca [epyearrrosCKMM M peBuAlfPaH npexa FheMy. Hasrehe ce rrperrrocraaxa p;a ce TO 36J'.1.JlO Y Be3U ca ormrrox peBJ.13t1joM PYCKJiX :qpKBeHJ1X o6pe.n;a nO)J; napezs Anexcejesr MMXaJfJIOBI1'IeM J1 narpajapxox HJ1KOHOM, jep KapaKTeplfCTJoNHO je zta aa peBH,rtHpaHlf o6pe):t HaJ1Jl8SJ1MO npBH nyT Y 1656. rO}J;HHH.84

AJIM, y je)l;HOM BeOMa 61i:1THOM nor.neny, MOCKOBCKa uepenoHMja Ha ~BeT}I TeMeJbHO ce paanxxyje KaKO 0;0; uaparpancxor TaKO Jf O,D; jepYCaJIHMCKOr ofipezta, jep nortyr napxrpaztcxor, HH

12 Haneneno KO,ll. Htu(OoIbc?Coz~ loco cit. 74 H )1;.

U ¥TOJlHKO ce Tpe6a ,IJ;pJKal]'H crapor MHIlIJhetha HumJbc1(:o~, toe. cit. 45 M 75. ,I(eJIe ra B. CaBsa loco cit. 174 J.f H. KpaC'HOCeJl.'4e6~ K "CTOP"" npaBOC~'laBHOro 6orocJlym::eruol (Ka.3aHb 1889) 58.

u 31'Il. ,l{yf5poBC'Kul1, TIaTpMapwne BbIXO,!l;bJ, 'ti'I'eHHS1 B lhm. OOI.l4,. neT. n .D;peBH. Pocc, 1868, CTp. 7 H ;0;.

o crparopcxo] c.nyx6u 8Jtadapa

345

j epycaJtMMCKH 06pe)l; He 3HQ 38 crp8TOpCKY CJIYJK6y xojy epeheMO Y MOCKOBCKOj n:epeMoHHjH. )1;OK cy y IJ;a pnrpazry spmerse erparopeae CJIY1K6e 0;0; erpaae npeztcraaanxa CBeTOBHe BJIaCTH Ha~eJlaO o,!t6lijaJIH; y IIanecTHHH OHa Ben 3aTO IDIje 6HJIa MOryhHa DITO ce ra HeK3;D;a.nJlLa BH3aHTHjcKa 06JlaCT O,!l; VII aexa -rpajno HaJlSSHJIa Y BJIaCTH HeBepHHKa; na HI{ jeBaHi)eJbe, on xojer nOJlS3H jepYC8JIHMCKH o6pe,lJ;, He rrpyxca aa TO IDf najxaIber OCJIOH~a, TaKo,n;a jepYCaJIHMCKH narpnjapx Hl1je Tpa}KJ10 'lJaK HJ1 o.n; aexor caor ,lfjTXOBHHKa MJUf cnyre na My BO;r:J;J! Marap'Qa~ xao IllTO HH MarapHu;y Ha KOjOj je caM XPMCTOC, nperea [eaaaljeJbY, yjaxao y JepycaJIJ1M H11KO nrrje BO)l;HO.

113 Jepycamesa je MOCKOBCKa PYCHja Mor.ITa p;aK.ne na no- 3ajMu casro u;epeMOHJ.fjy ynacxa rrpxsenor nornaaapa, aJUI He Ii CTPaTOpcKY CJIyE:6y BJIa;rr;apeBY, xoja MOCKOBCKOM o6pe,rJ;y naje nocefiaa HCTOPJtjCKJ.[ saaxaj + J13rJIeAa, MeljyTHM, ~a cy y MOCKBH yrrpaso TOM 'lHHy npanaaamr HapoqMTY B penn OCT, jep ra cycpebexo 11 Y HOBOM PyCKOM o6pe;U;y H3 XVII aexa, Ma~a je Taj peBH.n.KP8Hlf 06pe,n:, xao WTO CMO BK,1I,eJIJ1, Y CBaKOM JJ;pyroM rrorvreny Te:>KJ{O najcrpoacex HaCJIalbalby Ha jepYC8.JIJ1MCKH' ysop n o~6an;J1o CBe WTO je 6HJIO aecrrojnao C !bUM. MeljyrMM, crpaTopeKa cJIYlK6a BJIap;apa 3aApJKaHa je y MOCKBH ,ZJ;O xpa]a, uaKO Huje HaJIa3HJIa OCJIOHu;a flU y jeBaJrljeJby HH y jepycaJIHMCKOM o6pe.n:y. illTaBJ.fWe, MOCKOBCKH CI1HO~ 1678. ro,ll;HHe nOCTaBHO jy je ynpaso xao rrpenycnos aa O;n;p2KaJbe nepexoaxje, jep jeztaa on lberoBHx apryxeaara aa 3a6paHY JIJfTt1ja HB IJ;BeTJ{ J13BaH rrpecroaaue 6KJla je aanoxeaa na JIwrnjaMa y npOBJtHUl1jCKMM l'p~OBHMa He npHCYCTByje u,ap. "Y "t:J:eMy je 6HO ITQCe6aH CMl1- cao napenor y-':IeCTBOBali:Ia y JIU:TMj~ Y BWAY apxxjepejeaor crparopa rrocseztosryjy O;D;JJYKe MOCKOBCKor CHHO;r(a U3 1678. BeO\'1a yneqaTJbHBHM pe'tlJ1M8. IIpKpeljl1Balbe JIlfrnja aa UBeTJ.1 .. ~'leno je H ,:aOCTOjHO xnane, OC06HTO Ka,r( Haunl 6JIaro"t£aCTJfBJ1 casro.n:PWI1;J1 J.13BOJIe (_n:a cyne.nyjy), na 61{ npaBOBepHO:-'1 aapony noXa3aJIU CBOjy CKpyweHOCT J1 rrpeztaaocr npen I'ocnozroxi J1CyCOM Xpncrox, jep OH~ cy HajcMepHJ1je YCBOjJ1JIH o6Jftlaj aa, "tllr~t narpsrjapx sa ycnoMeHY HQ YJIa3aK I'ocnona y .Iepvcanax yajame MarapJ1ll.Y, nOHJ.13e CBOjy napcxy BeJllf1=lmIY J1 )Ke3~'OHOCHl1M. pyxaMa )l;oAMPlIY yszte OHe Marapnue J1 qaK je noeeay zto IJ;pKBe. 3aTO je TO .n;eJlO ;n;ocrojHo XB8JIe, [ep MHore Jby.n;e TpOHe CKPYlUeHOCT 3eMaJhCKOr BJl8_n.apa".35 06a:aJbajylu1 crparopcxy CJIyJKOY narpnjapxy, KOjJ.i je npJ1JIMKOM JIHTwja xa Ilsera rrpencrasJbao XpHCTa, MOCKOBCKH BJIa.u;apl1 nOBJ1HOBa..,11 cy ce. ;QaKJIe, HCTHM no6y,n;aMa xoje cy nOACTaKJIe H aananae anaaape na naCJIe~HHKy CB. Ilerpa apme C1'p8TOpCKY cny JK6y .

IS AKTbI Apxeorp. EKcne,n.. IV~ 6p. 223.

346 0 SepOBa1-bU.,Ka U CXeaTa'J-bU.M.a BU3aliTUHa'4a

To Huje HJfKaKO "tIY.no, jep M3BOP oaor o6W1aja l1CTJ1 je J{ [200} -ry H TaMO: KaKO 1ia 3anaoy Ta1CO u y MOCKBU, CTpaTopCKU C.!tyxoa y~JteiJa ce 'Ka To6oJ1C1-be CTpaTopCKO cJtYJIC€1be Koxcrcxruxc BeJl.UKO~ y KOHCTa1-tTU'tt060j OapOB'KUU_U.

OBa 'tJHIbeHl1II;a 06jaWlb8Ba 11 n03HY nojasy crparopcxe cJIy:m:6e y PYCl1jM, r,o;e ce aa KOHCTaHTMHOBY .n;apoBHMQY ca3H3- JIO pe.naTHBHO ,n;OIJ;KaH. Hajcrapnjn PyCKl1 PYKOUHC KOjM canpxcn CJIOBeHCKlI npeson KOHCTaHTHHOBe naposnane rrprrnana XV Bexy.36 TeK OKO 1500. rrpomrpy M;n;eje KOHCT8HTMHoBe JlapOBHMu;e y pyCKY KlbH:m:eBHOCT .D;a 6H Ty y5p30 CTeKJle BeliH 3Haqaj J1 pacrrpocrpaaeaocr.P? KOHcTaHTHHoBY .D;apOBHJ1~y rrpHMelbyje PYCKO CBeWTeHCTBO oc06J1TO y 6op6J1 aa 01:IYBsIDe rrpxseaor nocezta, Hajerapnjsr pycxn H3BOp KOjJ.f ce n03HBa na KOHcTaHTKHOBY .!lapoBmru;y jeere T3B. ,.C.rrOBO xparxo" sa o.n;6paHY ttpxaeaor nocena." Taj naacaa cmrc, KOjH ce H J1Ha~e KOPJ1CTJ1 JIaTHHCKJ1M H3BOpl1Ma39 H y 3ana;n;lbaQKOM CMJ.1CJlY sanaxce aa npaeaCTBO ,n;yxoBHe BJIaCTJ{ aan cBeToBHoM, caCTaBMO je - KaKO cy HOBHja HCTpa:m:HB3.lba nOKa3aJIa - ,n;OM"Hl1:KaHa~ BeH:,.aMMH roJ:tJ1He ] 497. Ha noaermra] noaroponcxor apXWeIIJ1CKOna Tenanxja.40 HeKOJU1"KO ronrraa ~OU;Hf1je rroresce ce KOHCTaHTHHoBa napoaamra Beli Ha je;n;HoM ~pKBeHOM ca6opy: MOCKOBCKJ.f CHHO;n; 113 1503. n03J1Ba ce na KOHCTaHTJ1HQBO AapMBaIbe nacyrtpor BeJIJ1KOM XHe3Y J1BaHY III, KOjM je rrocne rror=rmsaaaa.a Hosropona ozryaeo Be~HK ~eo HOBropO~CKHX ~pKBeHHx H MaHaCTHpCKHX ~06apat

.

na je 11 MOCKOBCKOM u;pKBeHOM nOrJI3BapCTBY nprrcryrrno ca rrrra-

liOBl1Ma cexy JIapJ13an;Hj e. ~ 1

CJlJ{qHJ1M nOBO,ll;OM n03HBa ce rra KOHCTaHTHHOBY ;n;apOBHJ1- ny M [eztaa on HajJ1"CTaKHYTHjHX PYCKMX u;pKBeHJ1X rrorrraaapa

~o). PyKOnHC MOCKOBCKO.r IIyo.n. MY3eja, Ya,u;OJbCKH, 6p. l~ f. 423 v.-429 r, Yn. A. llaB.1.0B. IIo,ll;JIoJKHaH ,!(apcTseHHaH rpanora KOHC'I'aHTHHa Be~HKoro nane CHnbBeCTPY B nO~HOM rpeqeCKOM H c~aBRHCKOM nepenone, BJ.f3. BpeM. III (1896) 38.

:t!1 Y PyCJ1jJ1 je KOSCTaHTJ.1HOBa ,n;apoBHJ.1I.J;a CTeKJIa ,n;aJIeKO BefiJ1 3Ha- 1.Iaj Hero Y BJ13aHTHjn; y3 TO npe neTpOBor .IJ;o6a HHKO TY HHje HU noCYMHloao y a.eHY aYTeH"I'WIHoC'l', AOK je Y BH3SHTt1jJf. nOHeKa,rr. ocrtopaaaaa Beh y XV BeKY. ¥n. naSJl06. BJ13. Bpesr. III~ 36 " ,n;.

as lliTaMll3aO KO]l; A. H. ITonOB) BH6JIJl:[orp. Ma'l'epHaJlbT XXI (1902).

IJ;J1TaT lf3 KOHCTaHTHHOBe ,zr.apOBHHu;e naaenea je KO,n; A. nUS J1..0 8, Bf.13. BpeM. III. 42 u. ,Il.

at A. ropexutt. H K. HOBocmpyeB~ OnJ.1C8aUe PYKonJ1ceii CMHO,!J;. EllGJI., II. 3 (Moexaa 1862), 6p. 320r crp, 609 J1 ,n:.

~(I A. CeaeJl.bUU1(OB~ K. Jf3YQeHHlO .. CJlOBa xparaa" H neHTe.'IbHOCTH ,u:oMJ1HJ1KaHqa BeHHaMHHa, l'13B. OT,IJ;:. Pyccx. aasrxa H CJlOB. AKa,:J,. HayK CCCP~ 1925, XXX, CTp. 205---225.

tt A. D"U8'!!OB, BJ13. BpeM III, 41 t1 p;. ca Han. 2. If t1cTopw-!eCKult ovepx ceKYJUlpH3ar.J;JtJ1 ~epKOBHbIX '3eMe.n& B Poccuu (O.J:eC'ca 1871) 42 J'I ,8;.

o C-rpaTOpC"Koj cAY,JJC6u 8A.aQapa

347

XV! aexa, MOCKO]3CKH MJ1TpOnOJIMT Maxapn]e, KOjU [e, rrpe Hero lIITO je n03BaH y MOCKBY (1542), ,ny:m:e spexeaa 6J10 apxtrenxcxon Hoaropona (o,!J; 1526). Paznr o,n;6paHe rrpxaenor noeena ynyTHO je OKO 1550. uapy HBnRY IV ITHCMO Y KojeM QA peqJ1 11.0 pexx HaBO;z:r;J1 BeJU1KJ{ ]J..eQ KOHCTaHTHHOBe naposamte. YKa3yje napy, J13Meljy OCTaJIOr, 11 aa To6oJl{lbY crparopcxy CJIyJK6y KOHCTaHTJlffla BeJU1KOr, :U;I1TJ1pajyhJ1 oztroaapajyhn nacyc ira cJle.n;el'iH: aa"tfMH: ., Y3f:\e H:.erOBOI' (nane CHJIBeCTpa) KOa.8 ,lJ;PJKaJIM CMO CBOjJ1M pvxanra y "tJaCT CB. Ilerpa, CJIYJKenu MY xao IberOB xorsymap. Hapelyyjexo ,n;a ce I1CTJ1 o6pep; H o5rrQaj oztpacasa aa JU1TJ1j asra M yxaayj e CBHM 6ucKynJ1Ma nOCJIe H>era, TaKol)e no npMMepy Harner napcxor Be.nwraHcTBa:<42 TaKB8 noyxa HMje MOT.na na OCTaHe 6e3 nejersa Ha MJla,II,ort l1Mny.nCJ1BHOr J1 crpacHOM BepOM nposceror napa. AKO je npBM xpanrhaacxx nap, arroCTOJIY paBHJ1: KOHC1'aHTMH, BPWJ10 CTpaTopCKY CJ1Y1K6y CBOM ,rryXOBHOM ouy, rrann CHJIBeCTpy, 113 -rora [e caM no ce6J.1 rrponsJUl3J10 3aKJby'tJaK aa J{ YIaaR IV -rpe6a na YKa]Ke HCTY qaCT CBOM MJ1TpOnOJIJ1TY H .IlYXOBHOM OLlY. Taj aaxrsy-rax HaMeTaO ce YTo~lIJ1KO BJ1IIIe llITO - npexa Bep3MjH Y KOjOj je MMTpOnOJIHT Maxapxje npeaeo napy TeKCT - KOHCTaHTJ1H BeJIJ1Kt1 HI1je caxo 06aBHO CTpaTopCKY CJIYJK6y rrarnt Gt1JlBeCTPY Hero je M 33 6y~ylia BpeMeaa M3PHKOM napenno YKa3HBaIbe Te xacrrr. Ji"3 TO ce osne TaKol)e [acno paaafinpano aa ce OBO HMa 06aBJbam Ha JIM"IHjaMa.48 ;:I;a je l1SaH IV 3al1CTa BPIIDIQ CTpaTopCKY CJly-JK6y,

4~ MaKapujeBo nJ1CMO t,O.D;rosop napy J'.fBaHY BaCHJLeBl1qy na OCROBy 60H{aRCKI1X rtpaanna 0 aenOKpeTHJ1M u;pKseUMM C'l'BapMMa rtocnehemrsr Bory pa;r:m C'I'l111,aIba seQHHX Ao6apa~l) o6jaBJbeHO je KOJJ; T1LX01tpaBOBa.~ JIeTonHC PYCCK . .7HiTep. J1 ~peBH. V. 3. CTp. 129 Jf ;0;. Ta nyUJlHKaUJ1ja MJ1 je, na m.aJIOCT. aeaocrvnaa, rra U;wrUPBM no ).(b.R1C01tOBY, BJIaCTb MOCKOBCKJ.fX rocynapen (TIeTporpa.u; 1879) 128. Han. 1. Je.zr,al:l ,!l;eo rracvca "KojJ1 Maxapnie HRBO,I1I1 1f3 KOHCTaHTJ1HOBe )l,apOaHl1:u,e ymao je l{ Y cnnce xyaeaor .,CTOrJI3:aor'· cafiopa "3 155]; rracyc 0 Cl'paTOpCKOj c.nyw.:6J1 TY ceo ~ebYTJ1~I. He Haao,n;li. ~·n. CTOT;IaB, nor'rr, 60 (Kom::aHQJ1KOB, Jlerporpan 1863. 188 c.r.).

&~ 'Y' Constitutum Constantini ,J;OTH<.JHO MeCTO rJlaCl1: Irvgium vero candide nit ore splendidam resurrectlonem dominicam designans eius sacratissimo veruci marubus nostris posurmus, et tenentes frenum equi ipslus pro reverenria beati Petri stratons officium ill! extubuimus, statuentes, eundem in-gium orrmes eius successores ponunces smgularrter uti in processionibus. Ad imitarionern imperii nostrt ... (.\1~rbt. Quellen zur Gesch. des Papsttums. 1924. crp, 112). no TOMe CTOjU n Y HajcTapwjeM, y Pycnju n03fIaTOM C~'OBeHCKO~1 npeaony KOHCTa HT~HOBe ,::J,a pOBHl-m;et KOjH ce RaJIa:;Uf Y nOMeHYTO~.[ PYKOIUiCY ~toCKOaCKor IIYOJlW"If{or MY3eja ("YHAOJbCKJ1~ Gp. 1) J13 XV aexa u OYnl'JIe.:tHO Ie JymHo(".'"IOBeH:ClWr (CpncK,?l')

IJOpeK;JIQ: Mbl B-BHeU;b M-RCTO cero, ~"II1l[e.\I'b fii:...'lBJlIIHfM'b CB'BTJlOe B'bCK.~Hie r~e H33HaMeHaBwe, CiUeHH-tl1WO"l~ ero BP'bXOy C:BO~MH. pOYKaMH B'b3nO'KJIXOM'b. H 6p'b3Ahl KOHeBH ero JIP'hmame W 1{I;.CTH 6JIaJKeHflal'O

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348 0 8epOBatbU.M.a 14. CX8aTa1-bU.Ma BU3aHTUHal~a

[202] ),1 TO ynpaso Y OKBJ1py JIJ1THja Ha IJ;BeTH CaCBHM jacno noxasyjy H8Be}J;eIDI H3BeWTajM MHOCTpaHSu;a.

TaKO na je,zutOM JIenOM npHMepy Bl1;IJ;HMO KaKO je KOHCTaHTJ.fHOBa ztapoaanua y MOCKBH ,c;eJIOBaJIa Deh y XVI aexy. sraoro npe apexeaa narpnjapxa HHKoHa, xoje npeACTaBJL3 apxynau HteHOr YTJ.fi:{aja y pYCl1jl1. 3aHJfMJb liB, 3JlJf ztocan j eztaa sanaxeen je OC06HTM Y11.eo KOjH y nponarosassy KOHCTaHTHHOBe aapos}JJfn;e Y PyCJi1jH npanana Hcaropozty, TOj 3ana,D.HHM JtJIHu;aMa Hajja-qe aapaaceao] PYCKOj 06JIaCTJ1, xoja je H nocne caor noKopelba 3a~yro OCTa~a ~yXOBHO noce6HO Teno y ]dOCKOBCKOM Ilapcray, Crora He H3rJIe;na HID4aJIO cnysajao WTO H8lIIa rrpaa neeT 0 crparopcxoj CJlYJK6lf y PyCMj J1 ncrnse H3 Honropozta . . Jep, aKO ce crparopcxa cJIy1K6a rrojaanna y MOCKBl1 TeK no,n; MMTponOJIl1TOM MaKapHjeM H Ha lherOB noncrxna], onaa ce no ce6u J1:CTw-Ie npBeHCTBo Hosropozta, rne je Taj o6Wlaj, xao WTO CMO B~eJlH, noeeenoxen seh sa ro,t(MHY 1548. If Te rO)J;Ji1He aa- 6eJIelKeH He KaO HOBO yseaea Hero xao Beli n03HaT o6pe.n;. Jezraa M01Ke 6lfTH cyMFbe ,u;a je OH TY BpIIIeH seh non en~CKOnaTOM Mazapaja, KOjl1 j e TeK ro,n:HHe 1542. 3aMeHJfO HOBroPO)l-

rterpa, xoaromero caH(oM)'h eJlH ce6e ,tI;axoMl:o, Bfb3aKOHOnOJIaraJOw.e TOT'& B'kHeI.lb BCoSM'b ero ~JfKOMJ:,. no e,lI.KRoM8 HOCHTH B'b llpoI{CXO~eHlHX'}, B'b oynoAo6JIeHie n;p~11a namero (A. IIaBnoB~ B"3. BpeM. Ill, 79). Mel}y ... TIDal,. npeBO,A KOjJ1 Malt8pHje UJlTHpa - nope)]; APyrHx MalLe 3Ha'LIajmoc O~C1'YllaJl,a - y-MeCTO: TO'rb B-BHeqr,. •• A HOCH'rHt liMa: TOro 'UfHa H 06wt.fsn . •• TBOPHTM, TaxO ,qa Taj nacyc OB,n;e rJIaCH: Bpa3~'h KOHSI ero ('BOMMa PYXaMa ~p1Kau.v.f paAH tteCTH 6nameHHaro IIeTPa, KOmoWbCKJfM'L CaHOM'L ~aXOMCfI eMy. nOs.eJrBBaeM'b'l'oro JKe 'UlHa H oObI'IaSl BC-B.M'b H»C.e no HeM'J:, CBHTJ1TeJIeM'b TBOPHTH B'b nO'B3,Il;;kx'I:! CBOHX"L no nO,Il;o6ifO aamero uapCTBa (npeMa ;qjaKO'KOBY, loco cit. 128, Han, 1). Oaa Bep3Hja DpHXBShella jc 3aTfIM J1 y KPMtUIjJf naTplljapxa HnKOHa (B. A, na8A-OB. Bw.3. BpeM. III, 79). l13BaHpe,tJ;HO npHBJla'tlaH 3a,n;STax KojeM ce y OBOM TpeHYTKYt YCJle;t HeAoCTaTKa nOMolrnux cpencraaa, He MOmeMO nO,1tBplm:~ 6HJlo 6" oreKcTye~o KPHTnqxO ynope~HBa~e qHTaTa "3 KOHCTaHTHHOBe aapOBHMQe KOjH ce M.ory HaM Y pyCKOj lOf;.WKeSHOCTl1 XVI H XVII BeK3, pa,n;H YTBPt)hBalLa o,n;Roca 113Meby noje,lI.J1HKX CDOMeHHKa Ta,n;awlbe pYCKe JIMTepaType. An" MomeMO Beh H can pehH na OCROBY MaJIonpe HaBe.n;eHJlX TeKcroaa: y uaeycy 0 ro60lKIboj erparopcsoi cJIYJK6u: KOHCTaHTHHa Ben.HKor, KOjM eel!. npe,n;CTaBJ'ba yMeTaX y Ienaa q,aJIcu<pHKaT, ,lI,aKJIe TaKO pehlf }lBQCTpyK ¢a.ncHcj:>HKaT, HeKH PYCKH npeBO.B;flJIa~ Jl3BplllHO je joru je~HO cPallCH<pJfKOBalbe. jep Hapebefbe Ca.D])"'8HO y easpumoi pe"leHJ1n;J1 Huje noseaao ca HOlllelheM cPPJ.1fHjYMa Hero yrtpaso ca BpwelbeM crparopcxe CJlY1Koe. KOJJHKO je npJf OBOM J.13BHTOnepaBalbY OpHrJ1HaJIHOI' Te:KCTa lnHirra y,neJIa nexa Iacaa HaMepa~ a KOJlMKO ojraural je3w .. uc:or '3Hal'b3 ROJ!? ce CI'lOTaKJIO 0 peq .. phrygium", 'l'eWKO pa3YMJbMBY aa je,n;Hor Pyca .. TO ~€..K.. QCTaHe nepemeuo. ¥ CBaItOM cJlyq..ajy. xaaeurrai 0 crparopcxoj C.'1yJKOn KOjy je KOHCTaHTIH'l To6o:m:e 06aBI10 cana re J13rJIe,!l,aO rrorxperr ;;--,eH Ha pehelbel-i anocrony pasaor napa ,n:a ce Ta MeTa C.'lym6a J1 ~. 6~,·:yr.e BPWff npH.'JHKO~t ~'H1TJ1ja, a THMe je .n,ejcTBo Tor HaSO,J,a Gn.'10 o rpovm ~ noj a?..J..aHO.

o CTpa ropexo] c.ayJ1C6u BJ!.aoapa

349

eKO apxnjepejcxo Ce,ll.HIUTe MOCKOBCKMM. Kana je Manapnje OKO 1550. MJIa)l;Or napa J1BaHa rroysrro 0 erparopcxoj cJlYJK6J1 xojy je KOHCT8HTJ1}i BeJIJ1KM To602Ke BpIm10 J1 aapenao, OR ce say~I1Mao 3S je;a;aH o6}p-Iaj KOjH je 6e3 cyMlbe n03H3B30 aeh J13 Honropona, na je xreo na ra YBe;u;e H: y MOCKBY. HJ1je HHMaJlO HeBepoBaTHO zta je JIJ1THje Ha IJ;BeTH M ca lhJ1:Ma rtoaeaaay crpaTOPCKY CJIym6y y Hosropozty -raxohe yaeo Taj lfCTH Maxapnje, jep My je HOBoropO;n;CKH apXHenJ1CKOIICKH rrpeero nonepea, neh rO,IJ;l1He 1526. nOWTO je O,Il; 1509. 6110 ynpa:m:fi,eH.

11 CBaKOM cJlyqajy CTOjl1 na je erparopcxa cJ1Y}K6a y HOBropony y Be3J1 ca JIHTHjOM na UBeTH roznme 1548. 3a6eJIelKeHa xao aeh ~o6po n03HaT 06HQaj, na je 1542. 113 Hosropona y MOCKBY n03BaHH MMTponOJIJ1.T Maxaprrje OKO 1550. noysno napa l1BaHa IV 0 To6o>K!boj crparopcxoj CJIyX{6u KOHCTaHTt1Ha Be;UllCOT, H na ee, oner y Be3H ca JlHTHjOM aa ~eTJ1~ 05aBJbSHa crparopcxa cJIym6a MOCKOBCKHX ananapa ~ 0 KOjOj Xep6epnrrajn Y apexe BaCMJIHja III [om HHllITa He 3Ha - y 6eJ1eIUKaMQ MHOCTpaHau;a peAOBHO nOMJflbe 0;0; apeueaa MBaRa IV. CB8KaKo Hehe J1:3rJ1e,lI.aTH o,l1;Beh CMeJIO aKO MJf J.f3 TaKBor CTaa.a CTBapl1 113Be,AeMO 3aKJbyqaK .n,a je y pYCJ1.jJ1. erparopexa CJJ.yJK6a ananapa yBe,.n;eHa rrozt YT~jeM KOHCTaHTJffiOBe naponHJ1ll;e, H TO na ce Hajrrpe o,n;oMafiHJIa y Hosropony a 38THMt nocpenoaassen MWrponOJlHTa MaKapJ.fj a, rrpeneaa y MOCKSY. 11CTI1 Taj MaKapJfjer Kojn je J.:I9BpWJtIO npso xpyancarse napa y PYCJlljH H CBaxaKO MOJKe ;u;a BaJKl1 K&O rrpana MH:rozytjaTop Tor J.fCTOpJfjcKor 'l.JKHa,'" 6MO je )l;aKJIe H npsa PYCKl1 LUJKBeRJ1 nornaaap KOjH je 0)]; csor anaztapa npHMHo crparopcxy yCJ1yry. KapaKTepJfCTJ!':IHO je sa reOKp3TCKY MOCKOBCKY PYCHjy p;a [e CTpaTopCKY CJIy:m:6y CTSBJ{JIa y OKBJ1p je~e IWKBeHe CBeTKOBJ1- Het Bepyjyhu YOCTa.nOM na H Y TOMe CJle~M - norpemao CXBa-

heay - Hape,n6y KOHCTaHTJ.1Ha BeJlHKor.4~ OTyp;a je rrpoH311111aO [2031

,. TSEO TalfHO: E. rOAy6ullc'Kui, HCTOPH.It PYCCKOi! u:epltBJII II. 1 (MOCKBa 1900) 767 H ,Il;.

q; Ji13BaH Tor OKBHPa~ crparopcaa cnyllt6a BJla,n,apa y PyCUjH HHje n03HaTQ. HCTURa, y HHKOHOBOM 1KJfTHjy rratue IlOBO,ZJ;OM fberOBor nporJIamelha sa naTPKjapxa 25. jyJIa 1652 (J13;J;atbe Bocapeceacaor MaH3C1'KPa, CTp,. 34): nHOBOH3a6paHM uaTPHjap-x caexano re ywao no 06JA.ajy Ha MarapIty, KoJer je uap JIHtmO aO.D;Ho.u AnH KaKO fut50e'Ke1, JiCTOp. HCCJle.![,osaHlfe ,tte.lla rrarpnapxa HKKoHa. I (1882) 17. Taq}fO MCTWle. OBOM je.IlHBOMt CaCBJ1M ycaMJheHOM caOIll1.l"l'eIbY, He .. OEe ce nOKJlOHHTH aepa, jep y H3SenITajy - cattYBaHOM y pYCFtOM .D:PlKaaHOM apXtfBY. a l1:cnpaBJbeHOM PYKOM oasror I(apa Anexceia MJfXajnoBJf"-la - 0 HHKOHOBOM npOrJI8UIeJbY aa naTPPl'japxa. r.2le je .QeJIa ~epeMOHJtja omrcana y CBHMa noje,ltMHOCTKMat nesra HH nOMeHa 0 T3KBOM u;apesnl4 nOCTynKY.

350 0 BepOBa1-bU-.M..a U CXaaTalbUJ.ta BU3a'HTU1W4a

1204]

qy;u;aH cnoj je~Hor o611"t:Jaja rroaajxrsencr 113 aanamsaxxnx 113- sopa ca u;pKBeHl1M 06pe~OM npeyaerax ltf3 J epycannaa. 4';

IIOlIlTO CMO TO yTBp;n;HJIH, Hehe HM 6HTM TeWKO peunmr rnrTa~e nopexna crparopcxe c.nyJK6e Crecpaaa )l;YlllaHa. l1cTO xao H 3ana;n;Jba"tlKJ1 BJ1a.n;apH rtpe rsera, a PYCKH nOCJ1e a,era, seposao je t1 )1:Y1ll8H zta c.rre,n;J1 npnxep anOCTOJIY pasaor KOHCTaHTHHa xazta je CBOM apxrrenxcxony yxaaao xacr crparopcse cJIym6e. Ilfro je xao npBW Meljy cpnCKHM BJI8.,rlapWMa BPIIH10 Ty CJlY2K6y o6jatmbaBa ce CaCBJtIM je;rJ;HOCTaBHO 'lJflheHHlJ;OM p;a je 6MO npaa cprtcxsr anaztap KOjH je sxao sa KOHCTaHTMHOSY AapOBHJfU;Y. IIo3HaBao jy je 113 Crrararere MaTJ1je Baacrapa, ORe xyaeae - 1335. Y COJIYHY CaCTaBJbeHe - rrpaaae KOMnHJlR[J;Jfje xoja 113- Me1}y ocranor ,!{OHOCJi.I 11 [enan neo KOHCTaHTmIOBe ,!l;apOBHJ'1n;e y CJI060~HOj napacppaan aasoztehn nacyc 0 To60JKlbOj CTpaTOpCKOj CJIY1K611 KOHCT8HTJ1Ha Be.nJ1KOr Ha CJ1e):lehw Ha-.:rna: ~~l£ir; ()l; Ol"QunoQor; OqXpl'l.toV uJtEi~-8bvn~, x.al ta XCIALva TO" ~(n1tou UtllOU X{;(:rEXOVtEc;~ Til~ uM.ii£ tWV tEQWV (lUl"OU E~t!J.fV &vu'Y.toQwvt ui60i xcd rpbB(p rou Y~ttQlOU J.tov TOU aYlov 111.rYfX6~tt:vo; IIitQov.47 Kao WTO cy PYCKH uapesx, KOjl1 cy y IIpe~OqeHOM JiM TeKCTY HaIIIJIJ1: pex .,npOn;ecI1je" (in processionlbus - BD IIO'h3A-BX'b)~ CBOjJ1M MMTPonOJIJ.1THMa H narpxjapcxxa 06aBJbaJH1 crparopcxy CJ1yJK6y y OKBUpy JU1TJlfja na UBeTl1, TaKO je J1 .uYIllaH~ HalllaBnrn: y TeKcTy MaTMje BJIaCTapa pes ,,]l;BOpJ1WTe" (Tl1r; aVAil£" - Jf31::J ~opa), y OHOM naxa n03HaTOM cny=rajy '1aCT crparopcxe CJIy]K6e CBOM apxnenxcxorry 38.JfCTa yxasao Y ,!l;BOpJruITy xparseacxe nanare.

Kao IIITO je nosaaro, CHHTarMa Marnje BJIaCTapa rrpesenena je na cpnCKJ1 no HapeA.6M )l,YIllaHoBoj, na je y cpncxosr npaBHoM JKHBOTy OAHrpana Be~HKy ynory KaKO y nOTUYHoM rrpenozty TaKO H Y HaKHap;HO, aa yrrorpefiy cy,I:\J1ja, npnpeljeHoM cspabenon J13,rtalby.48 ,Uoca,TI. ce nperrtocraarsano ,Il;a je ,UymaH TeK noc.rre aayseha Cepa (cerrrexopa 1345) ynosaao M nao rrpe-

u II03HaTO je ]\S je MaK2pHje jOllI xao Hosropo.n,CKM apxaermcaon onpacaaao OC06J1TO TeCHe aese ca JepycaJIMMOM (yn. Kanmepea, CHOU1eRHH nepycaJIHMCKHX rrarpxapxoa c PYCCKHM npaBwreJIhCTBOM~ TlarieCTHHCKHij C60pIDIX XV. 1. CTp. 8; r0.4y6uXCKUtl, loco cit. 761 f1 .n.), na, npena Hanpe~ J13JIO~eHOMt He M02Ke 6MTJ.f HJ1KaKBe CYMtbe na Je OH IU?h. Ta,IJ;a n03HaB80 KOHCTaHTHHOBY ,AapOBHJ.fQY. 0 MaKaplfj€Boj nose- 3aHOCTJ'I ca .n;YXOBIDfM C'i'PyjalbJfMa y Hosropony ynop. H. AW.1pee8. Sem. Kond. 5, 215.

H G. A. Rhalles et M. Potles VI (1859) 261.

U IIoTcYH cpncan npeaoa n03HaT je .rr.aHac J13 20. a cy,U,HjaMa tfaMetb€'HH cKpaheHH DpeBO~, Y KojeM KOHCTaHTHHosa .iapoanxua H.apaBHO HJ.:Ije canpzcana, J13 16 PYKOIIMca. Ha TO ce naneaoayjv JOw 10 pyKOIUlca y KojJ1Ma je CHHTarMa Y Aou;m1joj npepann crrojeaa ca T3B. Jy-

o CTpaTOPC1Wj cJtYJfC6u 6.a.adapa

351

BeCTJ{ CHHTarMy.49 Kao Ma.rreH yarpeznm npHHOC Hamer HCTpa}KJ1BBfba HeR oane 6y.n;e 3a6eJle:HCeHa Ql1lbeHJ1U;a ,n;a n03HaHCTBO ca OBHM npaBHHM cnOMeHHKOM, TOJlHKO anasajao sa :eeJutxor cpncxor BJIap;apa) nana y paaxje spesre. Jep, ~:t.3 OKOJ1HOCTI1 na je ,UywaH neh npJ1JU1KOM cacraaaa ca JOBaHOM KaHTaKY3MHOM rO,D;HHe 1342. apxnemrcxony JoaHt1KJ1jy yxasao 'l.JaCT CTpaTOpcxe C.1lY1Koe no y30PY KOHCTaHTl1I-10B€ napoasmte, HeyMHTHo ce H8Mehe saxrsyxa« na je Beh Ta,n;a n03HaBaO BJlaCTapeBY CUHTaI'MY, MOX<)l,a nocpencraore Tor MeTor Joa.llliKHja, ncroa-er npaor cprtcxor narpnjapxa. Ilpexa TOMe M cprrcsn npeuon CHH'I'arue CBaKaKO rrazta y paHMj e spejee Hero WTO j e nocan rtpe'rnOCTaBJbaHO.

BJ1~J1MO, naxne, KaKO ce y pa3HHM 06JlaCTHMa xpxnrhancxor csera anaziapeea crparopcxa cJIYJK6a nojaarsyje y CaCBI1M pa3.nJ{'qHTt1M BpeMeHJtMa, aJJf1' YBeK y Be3l:'1 ca KOHcTaHTMHoBOM ~apOBHMll,OM, Y1: TO 1.J:ltM ce aa !by Ca3HaJIO: Ha 3ana,I\y, J1CTOBpeM€HO ca nocral&:OM q,.aJ1Ct1cPMKaTa~ non nl1n"HOM~ y Cp6MjI1 nozt Crediaaosr .uywaHoM. Y PYCHjJ1 rrozt I1BaHoM IV. BeJU1KH BpeMeHCKI1 paasrax M3Mel)y nojase crparopcxe cJIymoe y Te TpM 3eMJbe cano [e ozrpaa pa3JIJ1Ke y BpeMeHY ynoaaaaarsa ca KOHCTaHTHHOBOM .n.apOBHHI.J;OM,

J1CTO TOJIl1KO 3Ha'IajHo xao aajeznnrsrrocr 113Bopa ]{ HCTOBPCHQCT lLerOBor rrpaor )l,ejcTsa iecre H pa3JIt1Ka y ;UaJL.eM pasBOjy na 3ana,1ly H rra J1cTOKY. Ha 3anaAY cy xax rrpewaunr.nrr y30p 113 KOHCTaHTMHOBe aapoaamre M CTpaTopCKO,i CJIy:m:6I1 ,!l;o,n;aJIl1 jonr 1'1 c.nyJK6y rrpanpacasaa.a crpeveaa. Y Cp6ujJ1 H Y PyCJ1jJ1~ HanpOTUB, 3a)l;OBOJbJfJJI1 cy ce crparopcxoxr cav:a.;:6o:\1 Onl1CaHOM y KOHCTaHTl1HODoj ;n;apOBHMlJ;l1, 11 'TO cy y Pvcujn - nrro je KapaKTepMCTM'l{HO - CTPaTopCKY CJ1Y * 0;-"· 06aB~"ba~TI:l nnanapsr carao Y OK9Mpy 1JI1CTO npxaene nepeeromrje. Tpehn TJfn rrpencraan.a. HarrOCJIeTKYI BW3aHTI1jcKO UapCTBo, xoje je aa KOHCTaHTJ1H'a BeJlJ1KOr HM8JJO csaxaxo jour Behe nourrcaarse Hero CBl1 OCTa..nI1, aJIH J.1naK Ht1je C:J1e,lJ,J1JlO a.erOB TOOO}KI-bl1 npnMep~ jep je spurea.e crpa'ropcxe c:rly:ac6e f13r J1e~a¥"'10 l-IeCnojJ1BO ca :u;apCKl1M nocrojaacr-aoss, KaKO je ORO cxaahexo Y B~naHTlfjH.

C'l'Hl'mj3HOBJfM 3aKOHJ1KOM (yrt, A. CO~'lOBje8, 3aJ{oaO..laBCTBO CTeq:.ana ,nyruaHa, 1928, CTp. 77). Itacyc KOj U Hac 3aHl'Ula r :latH y nOTnYHOM cpnCKOM npeaozty: Mbl me CTpaTop·CKhIH caas na ce Bb3JlOm'llIe H 6Pb3,IJ;bI KOHli! sero ,n;phmeWTe. "3b ,IlBOpa caenrreu'nstaxi, I€.ro J.OM"OBb U3Be~oXOMb Cl'OY,lI,OMh H crpaxoxe fOCIIO;n;a MOfeI'O caeraro Cb):{Ph~"Ml'f IIerpa (Ma'I'Jfje Baacrapa CJfHTarMaT. J13~. CT. HOBaKoBMn. 1907. CTp. 275) .

... YD. CT. HOaa'KQ8uh. MaTuje BJIaCTapa CMH'rarMaT (1907) XXXI sq., If. Co,noajes, HaB. Me~TO 77.

352 0 eeposa1bUJlta U CXBaTa1bUAa BU3a'KTU'H.at.{a

Ta TIl" pa3JIJifIIHTa ,LW2Kalba - o~6Hjal:be "KOHCTaHTHHOBOr" HapeJ)elba y BJ13aHTHjU, npxnpacasaa-e Y npaBOCJIaBHHM CJIOBeHClOfM 3eMJbaMa 11 H9JJ;MameH:Je Ha 3ana,tzy - xaayjy BJ1We Hero ~aBe KIbHre 0 pa3~HOCTH O~Hoca H3Me~y ~apCTBa H CBeUlTeHCTBa y sarraztaoa, CJlOBeHCKOM H BH3aHTHjcKoM csery. ORO WTO 3ana;n;y j om HJ1je 6HJIO .lI.OBOJbHO, BJ13aHTHjJ1 je Beh fhlJIO rrpeannre. CJlOBeHCJO( BJIap;apH ):qllKaJIV[ cy ce, nax, cpe.qHHe H3Mel}y THX ,II.Bejy KpajHOCTH.

HaCJIOB 0pJlrHH8J1a: Zum Strarordienst des Herrscbers in der byzantinlsch-slavischen Welt~ Seminarium Kondakovianwn 7 (1935) 187.-204.

TIpeBena Bepa CTo;ult