TYPES OF NETWORK TOPOLOGY

INTRODUCTION:-
Topology provides different configurations that are
used to create a network . A network is a group of devices
connected by communication path to exchange
information and share resources . While connecting
computer together to form a network the use needs
consider a structure , layout and the caballing
requirement.
A network can be created by using point to point
connection or multi point connection . In point to point
connection, only two devices are connected to each other.
The user can use a point to point connection to transfer
data from local network to a remote network through a
dedicated line . Example of point to point connection are
microwave, satellite and television network. In multiple
connection, many devices share the connection and are
called as multi drop connection.
Topology can be physical or logical . physical
topology refers to the actual physical structure of the
network , while logical topology determines the way in
which the data actually passes through the network from
one devices to other.
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 TYPES OF NETWORK TOPOLOGY

Different types of topologies are Single node, Star,

Bus , Ring , Mesh , Tree and Hybrid. Physical topologies
are how the wires interconnected , while logical topology
is how the network behaves and interoperates .

1) Bus Topology :
In Bus topology devices
share a common backbone cable to send and receive
data. A thick co-axial cable is used to connect all
devices . Bus topology uses daisy chain scheme to
add more devices in a network. In a daisy chain
scheme , device 1 is connected to device 2 ; device 2
is connected to device 3. The first and last devices are
connected to 50 ohm terminator register.

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 TYPES OF NETWORK TOPOLOGY

Basic Introduction :-
In bus topology , the server is
connected at one end of the back bone cable and the other
devices are connected at different positions along the back
bone cable known as trunk. Terminator is placed at each
end of the cable. It is used to unset data (packet) from the
cable if the destination devices is faulty . Data is sent to
all the devices along the cable. When two machine
transmit data at the same time the signals collide. Due to
this, the information is destroyed . this process is called
collision. Collision can affect the performance of the
network.

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 TYPES OF NETWORK TOPOLOGY

Advantages :-
1) Easy to connect a device to linear bus.
2) Requires less cable.
3) Less expensive than other topologies.
4) Works better for smaller networks.

Disadvantages :-
1) Entire network gets affected if there is a break in
the main cable.
2) Terminators are requires at both ends of the
backbone cable.
3) Difficult to detect the faulty devices.
4) Limited number of devices can be attached .
5) Heavy traffic and addition of devices degrades the
performance.
6) Expensive than single node topology.

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 TYPES OF NETWORK TOPOLOGY

2) Star Topology :-
In star topology, multiple
devices are connected to a central connection
point known as hub or switch. Devices are
attached to the hub by using either copper cables
or fiber optic cables. Star netwoks provide a cost
effective method for sharing information
between different user. Star topology can be used
in airlines reservation counter and small business
offers where employees what an access to
common application and files.

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 TYPES OF NETWORK TOPOLOGY

Basic Introduction :-
Each devices is connected
point to point to a central devices which is either which is
either a hub or switch . Hub manages and controls all the
function of the network. It also acts as a multi port
repeater for the data flow. Hub is used to connect segment
of LAN and contains multiple ports. Hub can be active or
passive. Passive hub are used as a connection point which
routes all the traffic towards the devices . Active hub
contains electronics circuits that regenerates and
retransmit the information.

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 TYPES OF NETWORK TOPOLOGY

Advantages :-
1) Easy to install, configure and manage.
2) Easy to detect faulty device.
3) Easier to expands.
4) Connecting or removing devices does not affect the
network.
5) Hub provides a centralized management.

Disadvantages:-
1) Increased device causes traffic which makes the
network slow.
2) Requires move cable length than a linear topology.
3) Hub failure leads to networks failure.
4) More expensive.

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 TYPES OF NETWORK TOPOLOGY

3) Ring Topology :-
All devices are connected to
each other in the form of a closed loop ring. Each
devices has only two neighbor for communication
purpose one is upstream and another is downstream .
data travels through many points before reaching the
destination which makes it ineffective network
compared to a star network.

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 TYPES OF NETWORK TOPOLOGY

Basic Introduction :-
The ring topology is used to
implement the token ring network at 4 or 16 Mbps . in
token ring network, a special single or a small message
called token is continually passed from one device to
another. The devices which has the token is allowed to
transmit data over the network. The nodes on a Token-
Ring are connected electrically or optically in ring
structure. But physically they are always connected in a
star configuration to hub which is also as
MAU( Multistation Access Unit )

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 TYPES OF NETWORK TOPOLOGY

Advantages:-
1) Easier to manage as compared to Bus Network.
2) Handles large volume of traffic.
3) Very reliable and offers great speed.
4) Provides a good communication over a long distance.
5) No terminator are required .

Disadvantages :-
1) More cable wires compared to bus topology are
required.
2) One faulty devices affected the entire network.
3) Addition and charge of devices can affect the
network.

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 TYPES OF NETWORK TOPOLOGY

4) Mesh Topology :-
In mesh topology , every
devices is connected to each and every node in the
network with many redundant interconnection at least
two paths to and from every node. There are two
types of mesh topologies , full mesh and partial mesh.
In full mesh topology , each device is connected
directly to each other . in partial mesh topology some
of the devices are connected to all the other.

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 TYPES OF NETWORK TOPOLOGY

Basic Introduction :-
There are some devices
which do not exchange data with all. So they are
connected only to those with which they communicate
most of the time . it is less expensive and less redundant
compared to full mesh topology. This topology is useful
where connection are easily and frequently broken.

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 TYPES OF NETWORK TOPOLOGY

Advantages :-
1) Provide redundant path which help in sending data
using an alternate path if a specific path fails to send
the data.
2) Entire network does not get affected by one faulty
device.
3) Centralized management is not required as in star
topology.
4) Easy to detect faulty devices .

Disadvantages :-
1) More cabling is required as compared to BUS ,STAR
and RING topologies.
2) Each link from one device to another requires an
individual NIC.
3) Very expensive as compared to BUS, STAR, and
RING topologies.
4) Data carrying capability is under utilized unless all
devices are transmitting almost constantly .
5) Difficult to reconfigure.

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R.K.COLLEGE OF ENGI. AND TECH. -- RAJKOT