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1.

Hydrocarbons are arranged in different groups: alkanes, alkenes,


alkynes, and cycloalkanes. Alkenes are aromatic hydrocarbons.
Your Answer: True
The correct answer was False
All the mentioned hydrocarbons are aliphatic hydrocarbons.
73% of players have answered correctly.

2. What is the functional group of an alkene?


Your Answer: carbon-carbon single covalent bond
The correct answer was carbon-carbon double covalent bond
There is a double bond between any two carbon atoms.
89% of players have answered correctly.

3. Which of the following alkenes doesn't exist?


Your Answer: butene
The correct answer was methene
It is methene because it has only one carbon atom, and therefore there
cannot be a double covalent bond between the carbon atoms.
84% of players have answered correctly.

4. By which of the following reactions do you obtain ethane


from ethene (ethylene)?
Your Answer: Substitution
The correct answer was Hydrogenation (Addition of Hydrogen)
It is the addition of hydrogen (hydrogenation) because when we add
H2 to C2H4 (ethylene) we obtain C2H6 (ethane).
76% of players have answered correctly.

5. When ethene (ethylene) undergoes a chemical reaction


with water in the presence of sulfuric acid, it produces a
compound (A).
What exactly is the compound (A)?
Your Answer: methanol (methyl alcohol)
The correct answer was ethanol (ethyl alcohol)
According to the following reaction:
C2H4 + H2O ---> C2H5OH (C2H6O)
where ethylene takes one hydrogen atom from water and the rest (-
OH) is the functional group of any alcohol.
72% of players have answered correctly.

6. Sometimes we can obtain alcohol from an alkene. What is


the functional group of any alcohol?
Your Answer: [No Answer]
The correct answer was hydroxyl group
The (-OH) in an alcohol stands for hydroxyl.
82% of players have answered correctly.

7. An alcohol reacts with acetic acid to produce two


compounds.
What is the chemical name of acetic acid?
Your Answer: methanoic acid
The correct answer was ethanoic acid
Vinegar is the official name that everyone uses.
58% of players have answered correctly.

8. When ethanol (ethyl alcohol) undergoes a reaction with


acetic acid, it produces an ester and a compound (B).
What is the name of the compound (B)?
Your Answer: methanoic acid
The correct answer was water
By this reaction, ester and water are produced.
65% of players have answered correctly.
9. Esters are artificial compounds that are used in industry.
What is (are) its use(s)?
Your Answer: insecticidal
The correct answer was flavor and odor
With these compounds, we can produce products with taste (flavor)
and odor.
44% of players have answered correctly.

10. Ethanol (ethyl alcohol), ester, and acetic acid contain


both carbon and hydrogen atoms, but are they
hydrocarbons?
Your Answer: Yes, since they are produced by hydrocarbons.
The correct answer was No, because they contain the atom
oxygen.
No, they are not hydrocarbons because hydrocarbons are
compounds made up of carbon and hydrogen only, while the
other compounds listed above contain the atom oxygen.

1. Hydrocarbons are arranged in different


groups: alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, and
cycloalkanes. Alkenes are aromatic
hydrocarbons.

True

False

2. What is the functional group of an alkene?


carbon-carbon single covalent bond

ionic bonds

carbon-carbon triple covalent bond


carbon-carbon double covalent bond

3. Which of the following alkenes doesn't exist?

octene

methene

butene

pentene

4. By which of the following reactions do you obtain ethane from


ethene (ethylene)?

Hydration

Substitution

Addition of Chlorine

Hydrogenation (Addition of Hydrogen)

5. When ethene (ethylene) undergoes a chemical reaction with


water in the presence of sulfuric acid, it produces a compound (A).
What exactly is the compound (A)?

methanol (methyl alcohol)

ethanol (ethyl alcohol)

acetic acid

ethane
6. Sometimes we can obtain alcohol from an alkene. What is the
functional group of any alcohol?

carboxyl functional group

hydroxyl group

carbon-carbon single covalent bond

None of these

7. An alcohol reacts with acetic acid to produce two compounds.


What is the chemical name of acetic acid?

methanoic acid

None of these

vinegar

ethanoic acid

8. When ethanol (ethyl alcohol) undergoes a reaction with acetic


acid, it produces an ester and a compound (B).
What is the name of the compound (B)?

methanoic acid

water

methyl alcohol (methanol)

None of these

9. Esters are artificial compounds that are used in industry. What is


(are) its use(s)?
flavor and odor

preservative

insecticidal

all of these

10. Ethanol (ethyl alcohol), ester, and acetic acid contain both carbon
and hydrogen atoms, but are they hydrocarbons?

No, because hydrocarbons don't have functional groups, while


these compounds do.

Yes, since they are produced by hydrocarbons.

No, because they contain the atom oxygen.

No, because hydrocarbons are only of three kinds.


Hydrocarbons are arranged in different groups: alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, and cycloalkanes.
Alkenes are aromatic hydrocarbons.
False. All the mentioned hydrocarbons are aliphatic hydrocarbons.

What is the functional group of an alkene?


carbon-carbon double covalent bond. There is a double bond between any two carbon atoms.

Which of the following alkenes doesn't exist?


methene. It is methene because it has only one carbon atom, and therefore there cannot be a
double covalent bond between the carbon atoms.

By which of the following reactions do you obtain ethane from ethene (ethylene)?
Hydrogenation (Addition of Hydrogen). It is the addition of hydrogen (hydrogenation) because
when we add H2 to C2H4 (ethylene) we obtain C2H6 (ethane).

When ethene (ethylene) undergoes a chemical reaction with water in the presence of sulfuric
acid, it produces a compound (A). What exactly is the compound (A)?
ethanol (ethyl alcohol). According to the following reaction: C2H4 + H2O ---> C2H5OH (C2H6O)
where ethylene takes one hydrogen atom from water and the rest (-OH) is the functional group of
any alcohol.

Sometimes we can obtain alcohol from an alkene. What is the functional group of any alcohol?
hydroxyl group. The (-OH) in an alcohol stands for hydroxyl.

An alcohol reacts with acetic acid to produce two compounds. What is the chemical name of
acetic acid?
ethanoic acid. Vinegar is the official name that everyone uses.

When ethanol (ethyl alcohol) undergoes a reaction with acetic acid, it produces an ester and a
compound (B). What is the name of the compound (B)?
water. By this reaction, ester and water are produced.

Esters are artificial compounds that are used in industry. What is (are) its use(s)?
flavor and odor. With these compounds, we can produce products with taste (flavor) and odor.

Ethanol (ethyl alcohol), ester, and acetic acid contain both carbon and hydrogen atoms, but are
they hydrocarbons?
No, because they contain the atom oxygen.. No, they are not hydrocarbons because
hydrocarbons are compounds made up of carbon and hydrogen only, while the other compounds
listed above contain the atom oxygen.

Alkene
Alkenes are hydrocarbons that have double bonds between carbon atoms and therefore are
called unsaturated substance. The generic formula is CnH2n. The simplest alkene is ethene (also known
as ethylene):

Physical properties
• The same as alkanes.
• Physical state depends on molecular mass.
Chemical properties
Alkenes are relatively stable compounds, but are more reactive than alkanes.
Obtainment of alkene
Mainly by cracking reaction of an alkane.
alkane→ light alkane + alkene
Hydrogenation reaction
This reaction is done under a pressure of about 50 atm. We use a catalyst called Raney's nickel who is
an alloy of nickel and aluminium.
here is an example with ethylene :
CH2=CH2 + H2 → CH3-CH3
Halogenation reaction
In the case of alkene, halogenation is an addition reaction.
CH2=CH2 + Cl2 → ClCH2-CH2Cl
Hydrohalogenation reaction
It's also a reaction of addition, an electrophilic addition.
δ+ δ- δ+ δ- CH3-CH=CH2 + H-Cl→ CH3-CH-CH3 | Cl
• Slow step : this step determine the velocity of the reaction
This is an electrophilic addition with formation of a carbocation. The attacker is the H+, he will search
for a source of electrons, the ones from the pi-bonding.
δ+ δ- CH3-CH=CH2 + H+ → CH3-CH+-CH3
• Fast step :
This is also an electrophilic addition.
CH3-CH+-CH3 + Cl- → CH3-CH-CH3 | Cl
Polymerisation
here is the case of the ethylene
• Activation step
Under a thermic source of energy, peroxide will decompose into two free radicals.
RO - OR → 2 RO*
• Initiation step
the alone electron of the RO* will bond with an electron from the pi-bonding.
RO* + CH2=CH2 → ROCH2-CH2*
• Propagation step
There is the addition of n monomers to obtain a polymer.
ROCH2-CH2* + n CH2=CH2 →RO(CH2-CH2)n-CH2-CH2*
• Breaking step
Recombinaison of two free radicals.
R* + *R → R-R
Oxydationreactions :ozonolysis reaction
Oxydationreactions : arranged oxydation
Oxydationreactions : brutal oxydation

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