Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Effective Reading
Reading of readiness
Importance of reading
Picture reading
Non-verbal reading
Graphs (6)
Maps
Diagram
Charts
Reading is one of the four skills of a language. It is recognizing the letters at the print
and recognizing the words. Comprehending is the essential part of reading. Finally,
comprehension of each sentence, in order to understand a text, is important in reading.
Reading consists of 3 elements-the symbol, the sound and the sense.
Symbol
Sound Sense
Reading is a complex activity. Converting symbols into sounds is a beginning to read. This
involves not only the mechanical skills but also attitude, vocabulary and ability to identify
key points.
According to Dr. West, reading should be given more priority in the teaching process. He
emphasizes that reading indicates knowledge of a language, enhances experiences, facilitates
the intellectual development of the learner.
What are the characteristics of a good readers?
• The reader knows and understands the meaning of the words.
• The reader summarizes a text.
• He grasps how the ideas are linked together and organized a text.
• He is capable of ‘Predicting’
• He is able to assesses and judge the text.
Regression:
The reader goes back and looks again at something he had read. It happens
when he is unable to get the message in one or two fixations. A refixation is required.
This backward movement of the eye is called regression.
Eye voice span:
It is the distance the eyes have travelled ahead of pronunciation. It is
the forward sweep of the eyes ahead of the point of interpretation. It is useful in the
development of silent reading.
Eye-memory span:
One of the important factors to be noted in the reading process is eye-memory
span. The eye memory span is the distance the eyes have travelled ahead of
interpretation.
What are the characteristics of a rapid reader?
Wider span of recognition.
Shorter reaction time.
Fewer regressions.
Reduction of vocalization.
Better comprehension.
Accurate perception.
Concentration.
Rich vocabulary.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of reading aloud and silent
reading? (or) Define Silent reading (or) explain oral reading.
“Oral reading” is a valuable skill. Reading involves
many processes such as physiological, psychological, social, cultural and linguistics.
Reading should develop the skill of getting meaning from the words/word groups. There are
two important methods of reading. They are:
(i) Silent reading
(ii) Reading aloud or oral reading.
Visual Discrimination:
1. Identification of the same picture in a row.
Visual and auditory discrimination:
2. Identification of same letters in a row.
3. Find the odd one.
4. Pick out word pairs (yes-yes, tit-tit)
5. Circle the odd word pair in a group.
Word identification and word recognition:
Complete the letters or words with the help of pictures in a sentence.
Additional activities:
a) Cut pictures from magazines.
b) Drawing missing part of an object.
c) Recognizes different shapes and forms.
d) Drawing similar pictures.
e) Naming objects in a composite picture.
What are the methods of teaching reading? Explain with suitable examples.
There are six important methods of teaching reading. They are as follows:
The alphabetic method (or) ABC method (or) Spelling method.
The phonic method.
The word method.
The phrase method.
The sentence method.
The story method.
ADVANTAGES:
It gives the students sufficient opportunity to see words.
It helps the students to build up the essential visual image.
DISADVATAGES:
It is a difficult and lengthy method.
It is a dull and monotonous process.
It does not expand the eye-span.
• Phonic method:
The word is broken into speech sounds. The sounds are taught to the students.
They learn the alphabet afterwards. The teacher teaches English through phonetic script.
Example: Cup-/k/ /^/ /p/
ADVANTAGES:
o This phonic method gives the good knowledge of sounds to the learners.
o It is also linked with speech training.
o It helps to avoid spelling defects.
o This is a complete method.
DISADVANTAGES:
o Meaning is not given priority in this method.
o Words with similar sounds but different spelling confuse the learners.
o It delays the development of reading words as a whole.
This is a car
Words and sentences should be familiar to the children. The sentence method can be used
effectively only when the children are already able to speak the language. The procedure of
this method is sentence ->phrase->words->letters.
It facilitates speaking. It is natural as well as psychological. It develops the eye span. It helps
in self learning. It makes use of visual aids.
LIMITATIONS:
The readers find it difficult to read a sentence without the knowledge of words and letters.
It is a time consuming method.
• The Story Method:
The Story Method is an advanced method over the sentence method. It creates
interest among the children. It gives the complete unit of thought. The teacher tells the story
in four or five sentences illustrated through pictures. The children first memorize the story
and then read it.
LIMITATIONS:
It fails to develop the habit of reading accurately.
It puts a heavy load on the memory of the student.
• The Eclectic Method:
The Eclectic Method is a combination of all the salient features of all the
six methods mentioned above. It is a judicious combination of all the above methods.
Depending upon the class room situations and the background of the students, the teacher
selects the salient features of all the methods and uses them appropriately to teach reading
more effectively.
What is picture reading?
Eliciting many details about the picture through activities and questions is
called picture reading. Picture provides a great deal of information at a glance. It attracts
student’s attention. It promotes self learning. It facilitates easy understanding of the message.
It encourages students to speak without any inhibition. Composite pictures, pictures of birds,
animals, fruits, story pictures may use for picture reading.
For example: Refer page no: 104
How to make reading effective?
• Start with words familiar to the children.
• Start teaching reading when the child can learn his own mother-tongue.
• Start teaching reading with blackboard and flash cards.
• Give emphasis to recognizing and understanding the meaning of a word
simultaneously.
• Use simple structures.
• Create a proper atmosphere for reading.
• Make use of the library for your reference.
• Check all the unwanted gesture in reading.
• Always keep in mind the various problems of reading a foreign language.
Graphs: The Line graphs, bar graphs, horizontal bar graph, vertical bar graph,
Circle or pie graph, pictorial graph or pictogram, charts and tables,
flowcharts, algorithm.
Examples: Refer page no: 109-114
Scanning:
In scanning, readers run their eyes down the page with the purpose of finding an
answer to a specific question, of locating a specific data of number, a reference, a name or a
quotation. It is a style of reading to search for a specific piece of information.
Example:
a) Reading a section of text for a date.
b) Locating a telephone number from a directory.
c) Locating up a word in a dictionary.
While scanning the reader should have a mental picture of what he is looking for. He
glances swiftly down the page and verifies the information carefully.
Explain SQ3R (or) Define SQ3R (or) Justify SQ3R
It increase the retention ability among the readers is used to improve the
effectiveness of reading for learning.
S-Survey
Q-Question
R-Read
R-Recite
R-Review
Survey the first one or two paragraphs, the sub-headings and the last one or two
paragraphs.
• Change each sub heading into a question before reading a section.
• Read the section to answer to the question.
• Recite to yourself the answer to the question.
• Review the entire section by repeating steps 2 and 4 (question and recite) for each
section.
The reader becomes active in the proven success of SQ3R method.
The reader does not passively accept the view of the writer.
The reader is deeply involved with the text in SQ3R method.
But all the texts cannot be approached in this method.