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wpfckESifhwpfck xdvkrcef; eD;uyfoGm;acsavNyD/
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vSvSrGef \Eknufum0if;aeaom *kwfom;av;ay: rS wGefhwGefhacGacGav;Nzpfaeaom qHEG,frsm;onf
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xGef;ausmf \aygif&if;*GqHkudkNzwfueJzduyfrdavonf/
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xGef;ausmf \aygif&if;okdhonf cPrQuif;uGmawmhrvdkNzpfoGm;aomfvnf; xGef;ausmf \cg;u

tomaumhumvdkufoGm;oNzifh apmapmuvdkyif zduyfaeonfhtaetxm;twdkif; rysufr,Gif;&Sdaeavonf/
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&I;ueJ&I;ueJ xGufvmaom avrsm; onf vSvSrGef \*kwfom;EkEkav;ay: odkh vm xdaeBuonf/ NyD;awmh
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vHk;wpfumazgif;BuGaeaom vSvSrGef \ zifom;BuD;rsm;udk zduyfxdaeNyDNzpfonf/
udkxGef;ausmf ... aumfzDaomufawmhav ..
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aeonf/ xdkokdhaNym&if; vSvSrGef onf olr\udk,fudk NzwfueJvSnfhvdkuf&m xGef;ausmf
\&ifcGiftwGif;odkhvHk;vHk;vsm;vsm; a&muf&SdoGm;avonf/ olhudkol owdrxm;rdvdkufpOfrSmyif xGef;ausmf onf
vSvSrGef \yg;azgif;azgif;av;udk &TwfueJaeatmiferf;vdkufonf/
tdk .. udkxGef;ausmf ..
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csaerdawmhonf/
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tdrfcJGumaeonf/
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olESifhoduRrf;aom vSvSrGef ESifhpum;pyfrd&mrS olruvJ tvkyfvdkcsifonfqdkoNzifh OD;armifBuD; \opfpufwGif
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OD;armifBuD; uvnf; xGef;ausmf udkaNrSufpm;um rdom;pk0if wpfOD;uJodkhyif vufcHqufqHcJhonf/
tdrfa&ShwGifxdk;&yfvdkufaom um;oHaBumifh tawG;e,fcsJhaeaom xGef;ausmf onf olxdkifaeaom

qufwDukvm;xkdifrSxum tdrfa&ShwHcg;aygufqDodkhoGm;um oHbm*smwHcg;udkzGifhvdkufavonf/ OD;armifBuD;

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onf xGef;ausmf tm;Nzwfausmfvsuf OD;armifBuD; \vufwGif;rS tdwfudkoGm;,lvkdufavonf/ xdktcdkufrSmyif
OD;OD;ausmf [laomuav;toHav;udkBum;vdkufoNzifh vSrf;Bunfhvdkuf&m cifaZmf\(4)ESpforD; rsdK;rsdK;aZmf
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orD; uwpfa,mufwnf;vmwmvm; ..
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um;ay: rSqif;vmavonf/
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OD;OD;ausmf
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bmvJ .. orD;&Jh ..
orD;udk uefawmfBuD; vdkufydkh&r,faemf ..
at;yg .. orD;&Jh ..
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tm&kHaNymif;oGm;ap&ef xGef;ausmf u
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armifxGef;ausmf
cifAsm
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tqifaNyoGm;wmayghuG,f ..
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tm;yg;w&yifvdk;aeonf/
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t&Sdefavsmhvmonf/ OD;armifBuD; NyD;cgeD;NyDqdkonfudk vSvSrGef wpfa,mufem;vnfvdkufonf/ odkhaom
olrtzdkhrSmum; tckrS t&Sdefaumif;NyD; t&omwufaeqJNzpfonf/
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tif; tdkh [m; ... awmifhxm;OD; ..
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tdk .. tudkBuD; &,f .. tdk tdk .. [Gef ;
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yGwfoyfay;aeavonf/
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txJu *sufcsxm;onfudkodvdkuf&oNzifh NyefvSnfhum txGufwGifawmh xGef;ausmf \a[mufoHrsm;u olrudk
usDp,faeovdkvdk/
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OD;armifBuD; onfreufapmapm&xm;Nzifh awmifilodkh c&D;xGufom;cJhNyDNzpfonf/

xGef;ausmf onf wpfaeukefyif tvkHopfpufwGif vSvSrGef ESifhtwl&SdaeNyD; vkyfief;aqmifwmrsm;udk

ulnDumaeavonf/ 'gayrJh xGef;ausmf \pdwfuawmhraNymif;? ol\pdwfrsm;um; vSvSrGef xHwGifom&Sdaeonf/
pdwfxifvdkhyJvm;awmhrod? 'Daeh olh ukd vSvSrGef qufqHyHkonf ydkrdkyGifhvif;um &Jwif;aeovdkvdk/ xGef;ausmf
awG;aerdonfrSm raehuxrif;pm;cef;xJwGif vSvSrGef udktyDtNyif udkifNyD; erf;cJhaomfvnf; vSvSrGef onf
tausmuftuef Niif;qefcJhNcif;r&SdoNzifh vkyfvQif&Eldifonf[k/ odkhaomf xGef;ausmf tawG;tm&Hkrsm;u oifhawmfNcif;
&Sdf r&Sd udk pOf;pm;um awGa0aepOf ...
tudk xGef;ausmf ..
[if ..
xGef;ausmf onf t&Snfay(20)cefhpD&Sd opfcJGom;ykHBum;wGif cJGom;qdk'frsm;udk tBurf;tzsif;wGufaepOfwGif ac:oH
Bum;oNzifh vSnfhtBunfhwGif olhaemufem;wGif NyHK;NyHK;av;&yfaeaom vSvSrGef udkawGhvdkuf&onf/
apmapmuwif olrtaBumif;udkpOf;pm;aewkef;&Sdao; tckcsufcsif;qdkufqdkufNrdKufNrdKufolha&Shodkh vSvSrGef
a&mufvmacsNyD/ xGef;ausmf onfab;wpf0dkufudk rsufpda0hBunfhvdkufawmh wpfNcm;rnfolhudkrQrawGh&/ xdkhtNyif
Nrifhrm;vSaom opfcJGom;yHkBuD;u olwdkhESpfOD;tm;vTrf;NcHKay;xm;ovdkawmifNzpfaeao; onf/
xGef;ausmf onf bmudkrSpOf;pm;raeawmhyg? ..
vSvSrGef \udk,fvHk;av;udk qwfueJolh&ifcGiftwGif;odkha&mufatmifqJGoGif;vdkufNyD;aemuf olrrsufESmtEShH
tirf;r&erf;avawmhonf/ vSvSrGef uvnf; rsufvTmav;cs&if; olr\rsufESmav;udk
tvdkufoifharmhay;xm;avonf/ xGef;ausmf onf rsufESmrSonf wpfqifhwufum vHk;vkH;zl;um tmaeaom
vSvSrGef \ EIwfcrf;av;udk qJGpkyfNyD;erf;avawmhonf/
vSvSrGef \ udk,fvHk;av;onf wpfcsufrQwGefUwufoGm;NyD;aemuf xGef;ausmf \udk,fvHk;BuD;tm;
wif;BuyfpGmayGhzufvdkufonf/ wpfcPtwGif;rSmyif vSvSrGef \wkefhNyefaomterf;rsm;u xGef;ausmf
\EIwfcrf;rsm;qDodkh usa&mufvmonf/ wpfaNz;aNz;ESifh olwdkhESpfOD;vHk;\cEmudk,ftwGif;&Sd aoG;om;rsm;onf
w&Sdef;&Sdef; wzdef;zdef;Nzpfum xBuGvmaeNyDNzpfonf/ twefBumonhf terf;oHo&mtqHk;0,f xGef;ausmf onf
pkyferf;aeaom olhEIwfcrf;rsm;udk cGgvdkufNyD;aemuf aemufodkhaNcwpfvSrf;qkwfvdkufavonf/ vSvSrGef onf
em;vnf&cufpGmNzifh olr\vufrsm;udk xGef;ausmf \udk,fay: rSz,fcGgvdkuf&onf/ xdkhaemuf xGef;ausmf
\nmzufzufonf vSvSrGef \aygif&if;qDodkh vSrf;vdkufaomtcgwGifrS vSvSrGef onf uaomuarsm
rsufvTmcsvdkufNyD; auseyfNyHK;av;wpfyGifh olrrsufESmay: wGif ay: vmavonf/
xGef;ausmf onf olhvufz0g;Nzifh vSvSrGef \apmufzkwfudkxduyfvdkufonf/ vSvSrGef \cg;onf
qwfueJwGefhoGm;&m apmufzkwf ESifhvufz0g;onf ,cktcg yDyDNyifNyifBuD;udkxduyfrdawmhonf/ xrDtay:
rSudkif&onfNzpfaomfvnf; tvGefwpf&mrSyif El;nHhumtdazgif;aeaom apmufywfBuD;aBumifh vSvSrGef
pdwfygaeNyDqdkonfudk xGef;ausmf odvdkufonf/ xGef;ausmfonf olhvufNzifh zGzGav; qkyfvdkufe,fvdkuf
uvday;aeawmhonf/ vSvSrGef \udk,fvHk;av; onf wvIyfvIyfNzpfoGm;&oNzifh xGef;ausmf onf
ol\b,fvufNzifh vSvSrGef \ycHk;av;tm;NiifompGmzufNyD;xdef;ay;vkdufonf/
xGef;ausmf \vufrsm;onf olr\apmufzkwftm; qkwfe,fzspfnSpf&kHomru
olr\aygifESpfvHk;Bum;okdhvufzsm;xdk;oGif;um a&Shwdk;aemufiif yGwfay;aeNyDNzpfonf/ vSvSrGef aygifESpfvHk; onf
wNznf;Nznf; [ onfxuf [ vmaeNyD; olr\tzkwfudk ododomomyif xGef;ausmf
\vufqDodkhzduyfay;xm;onf/ vSvSrGef onf [if; ueJ oufNyif;udk wdk;wdk;av;csvdkufNyD;aemuf
tudk xGef;ausmf .. vlawGNrifukefOD;r,faemf ..
[kwkd;wkd;av;owday;vdkufonf/ xdkhaemuf vSvSrGef ab;bDtm;twefBumatmif tuJcwfvdkufNyD; xGef;ausmf
\udk,fudkvSrf;umzufvdkufNyD; olrar;aphav;udk xGef;ausmf \yckH;xufwGifarS;um rsufvHk;rsm;udk pkHrSdwfNyD;
pdwfvIyf&Sm;pGmNzifh apmifhaeavonf/ xGef;ausmf onf vSvSrGef \xrDav;udk wNznf;Nznf;csif;rwifvm&m
NzLazG;tkaeaom ovHk;om;? aNzmifhpif;uspfvpfaom aygifwH wdkhrSm 0if;0if;yy ay: xGufvmavonf/ xGef;ausmf
onf vSvSrGef \xrDudk cg;odkha&mufonftxd vSefwifvdkufavonf/ xdktcgwGif yifwDteDa&mifav; onf
NzLaomtom;ESifh[yfvsuf um;pGifhwif;tdaom wifom;wdkhudkrvHkwvHkomzkH;Edlifavonf/

xGef;ausmf \vufwdkhonfvsifNrefpGmyif vSvSrGef \zifom;BuD;rsm;udk yifwDay: rSaeum

yGwfe,fqkyfudkifay;awmhonf/ zifom;wdkhESifhwdkuf&kdufxdawGhcGifhr&aomaBumifh xGef;ausmf onf vSvSrGef
\yifwDrsm;udktwGif;odkhvdyfvdkufavonf/ xdktcg wGif vSvSrGef \t,faeomzifom;wdkhrSm
0if;0if;aNymifaNymifESifhxGufvmavonf/ xGef;ausmf onf wif;um;um tdpufvSaom vSvSrGef \zifwHk;BuD;rsm;udk
t&omcHum Nznf;nSif;pGmyif yGwfawmhonf/ ol\awmifrwfaeNyDNzpfaom iyJ onfvnf; vSvSrGef \ tzkwftay:
em;udk yifwDay: rSaxmufrdaeNyDNzpfonf/ ykqdk;ESifhyifwD cHaeaomfvnf; tm;aumif;armif;oefNzpfaom iyJ onf
aighueJ aighueJ twif;&kef;aeav&m vSvSrGef tzdkhtBudKufawGlae&avonf/
xGefausmf onf ol\vufrsm;udk wifom;qDay: rS ta&Shzufapmufzkwf&Sd&modkhvSrf;vdkufonf/ ta&ShzufwGifvnf;
yifwDudk twGif;okdhvdyfvdkufNyefonf/ xGef;ausmf onf yifwDvdyfxm;oNzifh ray:h way: Nzpfaeaom vSvSrGef
\apmufzkwf udk vufcv,fNzifh tomuvdavonf/ vSvSrGef \'l;rsm;onf rcdkifcsifawmh? vludk r&G
&Gatmifvkyfaeom xGef;ausmf \tyGwftoyf tacsmhtNrIrsm;aBumifh tzkwfrSmvnf; pdkpGwfpGwfNzpfvmacsNyD/ tckcsdef
olr tvdkvm; tawmifhwqHk;rSm xGef;ausmf \axmifrwfum wkwf&Snfaeaom vD;? olr \tzkwftay: zuf udk
ylaEG;pGmNzifh zdaxmufxm;aom wvIyfvIyfNzpfaeaom vD;? odkhaomf rdef;rom;vnf;NzpfonfhtNyif xGef;ausmf ESifh
tvkyf&Sifvdk jzpfae&onfrdkU yg;pyfuxkwfrajymomyJ pdwfxJrSom tm;rvdktm;r& jzpfaerd&awmhonf/ ..
'gayrJhvnf; xGef;ausmf onf olr\apmufzkwfudk vufESifh uvdaeoNzifh txdkuftavsmufawmh tmomaNy
ovdkNzpfaeonf/ xdkhaBumifh xGef;ausmf udk zdumrSDvdkuf&if; xGef;ausmf \vuf vGwfvGwfvyfvyf vIyf&Sm;Eldif&ef
olr\aygifrsm;udk uGumum;ay;vdkufonf/
xGef;ausmf \vufcv,fonf olr\tacgif;xJodkhNznfnif;pGm0ifvmavonf/ xGef;ausmf onf olhvufudk
xkwfcsnf oGif;csnfNzifh vIyfay;vdkufaomtcgwGif t&nfBunfwdkhonf pkdpdpdNzifh xGef;ausmf \vufcv,fwGif
uyfygvmonf/ xGef;ausmf onf ol\vufrESifh apmufaphudk&Smavonf/ bkxaeaom tikwfav;udk awGhaomtcg
olvufrESifhvufnId;Bum;wGif xm;um Nznf;nSif;pGmyGwfacsay;vdkufonf/ vSvSrGef onf wqwfqwfESifhwkefaeNyD;
olr\EIwfrSvnf; roJruJG wD;wdk;a&&GwfoHrsm;xGufay;aeonf/ olr\vufwpfzuf onf olr ESifh
xGef;ausmftBum;wGif&Sdaom axmifrwfaeaom vD;BuD;qDodkhvSrf;vdkufavonf/ xGef;ausmf onf olr\El;nHhvSaom
tawGhudk ykqdk;cHaeaomfvnf; aumif;pGmcHpm;vdkuf&onf/ vSvSrGef tzdkhvnf; vD;BuD;\ylaEG;aeaom"gwf udk
ykqdk;ay:rStkyfudkifxm;&aomfvnf; odaeonfhtNyif olrvufESifhqkyfudkifvdkufaomtcgwGif aihgueJ aighueJ
awmifumae&m olr\pdwftpHkudkydkrdkBuGapavonf/ ESpfa,mufom; tNcm;wpfa,muf\t*Fgudk
tNcm;wpfa,mufuqGay;&if;t&Sdefawmfawmf&vmaeBuNyD/ ESpfa,mufpvHk;\touf&IoHrsm;onf w&I;&I;Nzifh
Nyif;xefvmBuonf/ xGef;ausmf onf olhvufrsm;udk vSvSrGefqDrS cPz,fum olhvHkcsnfudk
uGif;vHk;uRwfcRwfcs&eftwGuf cg;yHkpudkNznf&eftvkyf ..
q&mxGef; ... q&mxGef; ..
cyfus,fus,fatmfac: oHwpfcku opfcJGom;rsm;tykHwpfzufrSxGufay:vmonf/ xdkhaBumifh xGef;ausmf onf
vkHcsnfudkNyefNyif0wfvdkufNyD; axmifrwfaeaom olh iyJ udkvnf; NidrfusoGm;ap&ef twif;yifvufNzifh
csdK;ESdrfae&onf/ vSvSrGef onfvnf; vdyfaeaom olr\yifwDudkNyefNyif&efyif tcsdefr&awmhoNzifh
cg;txdvefwufaeaom olr\xrDudk tvsiftNrefyifqJGcsvdkufonf/ olronf uwkHu,ifNzpfum
rsufvHk;tNyK;om;ESifhNzpfaeavonf/ xGef;ausmf onf toHcyfwdk;wdk;Nzifh
tudk t&if xGufawGhvdkufr,f .. 'DrSmyJaecJhNyD; t&dyftcsnfBunfhNyD;rS xGufvmcJhaemf ...
xGef;ausmf onf opfykHBum;rS xGufvdkufaomtcgwGif opfpufrStvkyform;av;udkawGhvdkuf&onf/
q&m .. opf0,fr,fhvlawGa&mufaew,f ..
at; at; [kwfNyD .. oGm;BuwmayghuGm ..
[kaNym&if; 0,folqDodkh xGef;ausmfxGufcJhawmhonf/
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xGef;ausmf ESifh vSvSrGef wdkh uHqdk;onf[kyif aNym&rnf/ xdkaehusrSmyif 0,folrsm;vSonf/ xdkhaBumifh xGef;ausmf
a&m vSvSrGef a&m udk,fpDudk,fpD tvkyf&IyfaeBuonf/
naeydkif; tvkyfodrf;cgeD;wGif opfpufodkh e,frSvmaom opfukefo,frsm; a&mufvmBuonf/ &if;ESD;aeaom
vkyfief;&Sifrsm;NzpfaeoNzifh xGef;ausmf npmvdkufauR;zdkhNzpfvmNyefonf/ odk.Nzpf qdkifodrf;NyD;aemuf vSvSrGef onf
tdrfodkhNyefum xGef;ausmf onf ukefo,frsm;ESifh twl pm;aomufqdkif wpfckwGif aomufpm;umNzifh {nfhcHcJhonf/
,ck xGef;ausmf tdrfodkhNyefa&mufawmh n(10)em&DausmfaeNyD/ wpftdrfvHk;arSmifrnf;aeaomfvnf;
{nfhcef;rD;vif;aeonfudkawGhvdkuf&oNzifh wpfa,mufa,mufawmh olhtm;apmifhaeonfudkodvdkuf&onf/
tNzpfEdkifqHk;uawmh vSvSrGef yif/ xGef;ausmf onf oHbm*smwHcg; wGif cwfxm;aomaomhcavmufudk udk
cyfNznf;Nznf;yif bm*smwHcg;ESifh&kdufvsuf ola&mufNyDNzpfaBumif; {nfhcef;wGif;&Sdapmifhaeoltm;odapvdkufonf/
csufcsif;qdkovdkyif vmNyD vmNyD [k cyftkyftkyfNyefaNzvdkufaomtoHudk Bum;vdkuf&onf/
wHcg;qDodkhaomhvmzGif;ay;olrSm vSvSrGef r[kwfbJ OD;armifBuD; \orD;tBuD;qHk; tysdKBuD;q&mr
rcifpdefNzpfaeavonf/ xGef;ausmf onf tenf;i,f thHtm;oifhoGm;onf/ odkhaomf xGef;ausmf onf
rnfodkhrQraNymbJ wHcg;abmifudkudkifum tdrfwGif;odkh vSrf;0ifvdkufonf/ odkhaomfvnf; aomufxm;onfht&SdefaBumifh
abmifudkudkifxm;aomfvnf; xGef;ausmf \udk,fBuD;onf ,drf;um,dkifumNzpfaeonf/
tdk .. tdk ..
cifcifpdef onf olr\rsufpda&ShwGif ,drf;xdk;aeaom xGef;ausmf udkrnfodkhvkyfay;&rnfrodoNzifh cyftkyftkyf
atmfumBunfhaeonf/ wcPrSmyif cifcifpdef \vufonf xGef;ausmf \vufarmif;udk qkyfudkif&if;
tenf;i,fxdef;ay;vdkufonf/ xGef;ausmf qDrS cyfoif;oif;ysHhvTifhvmaom t&ufeHhaBumifh cifcifpdef
ESmacgif;&IHvdkufrdonf/ xGef;ausmf onf twGif;wHcg;abmifudkudkifum &yfaeqJ/ tdrfcef;twGif;okdh
qufumavsmufoGm;rnfh[efrNy/ xdkhaBumifh cifcifpdef onf wHcg;udkydwfum aomhrsm;udkaocsmpGmcwfavonf/
xdkhaemuf xGef;ausmf udkwJGNyD; {nfhcef;bufodkhavsmufvmcJhonf/ xdkokdhoGm;&if; xGef;ausmf \udk,fonf
vJusawmhrwwf ,dkifueJNzpfoGm;&m cifcifpdef onf xGef;ausmf \udk,fudk twif;yifqJGxm;&onf/ xdktcg
xGef;ausmf \udk,fonf cifcifpdefzufodkh tvdkufoifhNyefygvmNyD; xGef;ausmf \vufwpfzufonf cifcifpdef \
cg;av;udkqJG,lumzufvdkufavonf/ cifcifpdef \udk,fvHk;av;onf qwf ueJ wkefoGm;avonf/
r ..r pdef .. aqm aqm &D;aemf ..
tif; .. tif; ..
NrefNref tdyfcef;wGif;odkh a&mufvsifNyD;a&m [k oabmydkufum cifcifpdef onf xGef;ausmf
\udk,fBuD;udkatmifhtnf;umwJGNyD; olhtdyfcef;&Sd&mzufodkh cyfoGufoGufvSrf;avonf/ xGef;ausmf \tdyfcef;
wHcg;udkzGifhNyD;aemuf tdyfcef;rD;cvkwfudk cifcifpdefvufESifhprf;aepOfrSmyif oefvSaom wHcg;ywmaBumifh
tdyfcef;wHcg;onfNyefydwfoGm;avonf/ rl;omrl;aeaomfvnf; oaumifhom; xGef;ausmf \vufrsm;onf
csufcsif;qdkovdkyif wHcg;tm;*sufxkd;vdkufonf/ cifcifpdefum; xdktNzpftysufrsm;udk rodao;/ tarSmifxJwGif
tdyfcef;rD;cvkwfudkom vufNzifhprf;um&SmaeqJ/ cvkwf udk&SmawGhNyD; rD;zGifhNyD;aomtcgwGif cifcifpdef
\vufwdkhonf xGef;ausmf xHodkhNyefa&mufvmNyD; wzefNyefwJGum a&ShrvSrf;rurf;wGif&Sdaom
ukwifqDodkhydkhay;avonf/
ukwifab;udkuyfrdaomtcg xGef;ausmf onf ukwifay: odkhvSJcsvdkufavonf/ odkhaomf xGef;ausmf \vufonf
cifcifpdef \cg;udkzufxm;NrJNzpfaomaBumifh cifcifpdef \udk,fvHk;av;onfvnf; xGef;ausmf \udk,fay:
odkharSmufusvmavonf/
[if .. tdk .. b,fvdk ...
rSefygonf/ xGef;ausmf onf tcsdefqJGraeawmhyJ cifcifpdef \EIwfcrf;tpHkudk qJG,lumpkyferf;vdkufawmh tysdKBuD;
cifcifpdef \&ifxJwGifwkefcgoGm;&avonf/ NyD;awmhrS &kef;ukef&ef owd0ifvmNyD; &kef;aomfvnf; oefrmvSaom
xGef;ausmf \vufrsm;Bum;0,f pyg;BuD;aNrG\ &pfywfNcif;udkcH&aom om;aumifuJhodkh &kef;rvGwfEdlifawmhacs/

xdkhNyif olru &kef;avav ykqdk;wGif;rS xGef;ausmf \ ylaEG;um axmifrwfaeaom vD;wefBuD;onf olr\ qD;pyf
ESifh apmufzkwftHk wpfckvHk;tESHhudk ydkNyD;xdawGhavav Nzpfaeonf/ wpfcgrS rBuHKzl;aom tawGhaBumifh cifcifpdef
onf 'def;wvdef;wdef; ewfzrf;cH&ouJhodkh NzpfoGm;NyD; &ifxJwGif EHk;csdum wNznf;Nznf;csif;NidrfusoGm;avonf/
rdef;rusrf;ausaom xGef;atmif odvdkufNyD/ xdkhaBumifh cifcifpdef \udk,fudkcsKyfaESmifxm;aom olhvufrsm;udk
cifcifpdef \wifqHkBuD;&Sd&modkha&Thum Nznf;Nznf;wzHk tenf;i,f tm;pdkufumwpfrsdK;Nzifh qkyfumvnf;aumif;?
e,fumvnf;aumif;? zspfumnSpfumNzifhvnf;aumif; cifcifpdef \zifom;BuD;rsm;udk okH;oyfudkifwG,f&if;
umrcvkwfudkpzGifhaeNyDNzpfonf/
cifcifpdef \touf&IoHrsm;onfvnf; Nyif;xefvmaeNyD/ xGef;ausmf onf cifcifpdef
\udk,fvHk;av;udkyufvufvSefum tdyf,may: odkhvSJcsvdkufavonf/ wpfNydKufeufwnf;vdkyif olr\xrDudk
qJGvSefumwifvdkufonf/
armif armifxGef; .. rvkyf&bl; .. tdk .. [m .. [ifh [ifh ..
cifcifpdef \xrDvefwufoGm;pOfrSmyif xGef;ausmf \vufu olr\apmufywftHkav;udk qkyfudkifvdkufavonf/
xlxlxyfxyfNzpfaeaom tarT;awGatmufrSm&Sdvifhupm; olr\apmufzkwf onf azgif;um; um El;nhHaeonf/
xGef;ausmf \vufnId;zsm;av;u apmufzkwftuJGaBumif;xJodkh tzsm;av;rQomxdk;oGif;vkdufNyD;
apmufaph&Sdrnf[kxif&aom ae&mem;odkh rSef;qNyD; vufnId;udk aumfwifvdkufavonf/
tarh .. [ifh .. uRwf uRwf ..
cifcifpdef wpfudk,fvHk; wqwfqwfwkefcgoGm;&avonf/ rwkef cHEdlif&dk;vm;? &omzl; qdkonfrSm
rdef;rwdkh\umrwHcg;udkzGifh&ef txG#ftacgiftcsKyf yifr[kwfavm/ xGef;ausmf qufNyD;uvdavaomtcgwGif
apmuf&nfrsm;onf wNznf;Nznf;csif; tacgif;0wGif pdkpGwfumvmaeonf/ cifcifpdef \ &omzl; onf
ywNrm;aoG;a&mifNzifh ,ckqdkvQif ododomomBuD;udkyif plxGufumvmaeonf/ raeEdlifawmhaom xGef;ausmf onf
xdk aigufawmufav;Nzpfaeaom tpdudk ol\yg;pyfNzifhiHkum tomt,mpkyfoGif;vdkufaoonf/
&I; &Svl; &Svl; ... tdk tdk ... tm; ..
cifcifpdef wpfa,mufNzwfNzwfvl;um rsufvHk;xJwGifrD;yGifhoGm;avonf/ q&mryDyD t&SuftaBumufBuD;rm;vSay&m
xGef;ausmf \vkyf&yfonf olrpdwful;ESifhawmifawG;rBunfhcJhzl;acs/
xdkhaBumifhvnf; twif;yifukef;&kH;xum
armifxGef; .. i&JawGBuD;ukefyghr,fuG,f .. awmfNyD awmfNyDtck&yf ..
tysdKBuD;u taBumuftuefaNymvmaomtcgwGif xGef;ausmf onfyg;pyfem;odkha&mufvmNyDNzpfaom 0ufom;wkH;
BuD;rpm;vdkuf&yJ vGwfoGm;rnfpdk;oNzifh ol;yg;pyfudk olr\apmufzkwfqDrScGgNyD;aemuf cifcifpdef udk ukwifay:
odkhaNz;nSif;pGmNyefwGef;NyD;vSJvdkufavonf/ NyD;aemuf pdkpGwfaeNyDNzpfaom cifcifpdef \tacgif;twGif;odkh
ol\vD;BuD;udkaNz;nSif;pGmNzifh 'pfNrKyf,Hk oGif;vdkufavonf/ ylaEG;NyD;rmawmifaeaom xGef;ausmf \vD;BuD;xdyfrS
carmufyHkpHatmfvHNyJ'pfBuD;onf t&nfBunfrsm;Nzifh pdkpGwfum El;nHhacsmarThaeaom cifcifpdef\ &Jyawmif;cwfaeom
apmufywfEIwfcrf;om;rsm;udk Nznf;nSif;pGmyGwfwdkufNyD;0ifoGm;avonf/
tif .. &SD; uRwf uRwf .. tGef; ..
cifcifpdef t&rf;udk iHhvifhaerdNyDNzpfonf/ ol\aygifESpfacsmif;udk wwfEdliforQum;um aemufxyf0ifvmrnfh
ylaEG;aomtacsmif;udkapmifharQmfaerdonf/ cufaeonfum; xGef;ausmf/ ol\'pfNrKyf,HkoGif;xm;aomvD;udk
qufrxnfhyJ 'Dtwdkif;yifpdrfxm;onf/ NyD;awmholhvufawGu cifcifpdef \tusus,foD;rsm;udk ZdrfqJGum
Nznf;Nznf;csif;NzKwfaeavonf/ atmufrSaeNyD; awmfawmfcHpm;ae&NyDNzpfaom cifcifpdef onf pdwfr&SnfEdlifpGmNzifh
0kdif;ulnDNyD;cRwfay;aeavonf/ zGHhxGm;qlNzdK;avaom cifcifpdef \ EdkhBuD;ESpfvHk;onf
NzLazG;0if;ypGmxGufvmNyDNzpfonf/ vD;'pfudk pdrfxm;&if;yif xGef;ausmf onf cifcifpdef \EdkhBuD;ESpfvHk;udk
qkwfe,fum EdkhoD;acgif;rsm;ygrusef ol\ vufr ESifh vufnId;Bum;wGifvdSrfhacsumay;aeavonf/

vD;wefBuD;udkum;xyfoGif;Ncif;r&SdyJ waighaighNzpfoGm;atmif qwfueJqwfueJawmifay;vdkufonf/ cifcifpdef

\apmufacgif;wGif;rS t&nfBunfwdkhum; a&wHcGefpD;ouJhodkh woGifoGifxGufusvmavonf/
cifcifpdef um;tawmfav;udkyif cHpm;&cufaeacsNyD/ xdkhaBumifhvnf; atmufrSaeum w[if;[if; wtif;tif;
vkyfum toHaetoHxm;Nzifh vkyf&eftcsufay;onf/ okdhaomf xGef;ausmf urodcsifa,mifaqmifum
EdkhBuD;rsm;ESifhomeyrf;vHk;aeonf/ rnfodkhrQ awmifhrcHEdlifawmhonfhtqHk;rawmh
armifxGef; .. tif; [if; [if ; .. rr udk xyfNyD;rESdyfpufcsifygeJhawmh ... vkyfp&m&Sdwm vkyfawmhavuG,f ..
xkduJhodkh cifcifpdef onf ryD0g;w0g; EIwfrSzGifhqdkumawmif;qkdygaomfvnf; r&/ xGef;ausmf onf
cPrQBumonftxd aeNrJtwdkif;qufvkyfae&m cifcifpdef onf ausmav;aumhwufvmvdkuf?
cg;av;aumhwufvmvdkufNzifh t&rf;a[mhaeNyDNzpfonf/ olr \pif;aomaygifESpfacsmif;rSmvnf; tNidrfraeEdlifawmhyJ
pkvdkufum;vdkufNzifh xGef;ausmf \vdk;csufudk apmifharQmfumaeayNyD/
Aspf .. ywpf ywpf .. pGwf zGyf .. trav; av; [if; [if; [if; .. bkef ; ..
xGef;ausmf onf usefaeaomvD;wefBuD;udk wpfcgwnf;aqmifhum tqHk;xdoGif;csvdkufavonf/ atmufrSaeaom
cifcifpdef \udk,fvHk;av;onf xGef;ausmf \ v'pf ESifh olr \ om;tdrft0 wdkh wkdufrdavaomtcgwGif olr \
zifom;BuD;rsm; onf tdyf,may: rS wpfawmifcefhBuGoGm;NyD;aemuf bkef; ueJ arTh,may: odkhNyefusoGm;Ncif;Nzpfonf/
apmufacgif; xJwGifusOfNyD;pdrfhwufvmonfrSmvnf; yk&Gufqdwf wpfaomif;cefh olr\tzkwftwGif;odkh
w&G&GpDwef;NyD;Nzwfoef;oGm;onfhES,f cHpm;ae&onf/
xkdhaemufwGifawmh xGef;ausmf onf olr \ aygifESpfacsmif;pkvdkufNyD; ol\nmzufycHk;ay: odkhtvdkufoifh
wifvdkufavonf/ xkdtcg cifcifpdef \ aNcaxmufESpfacsmif;onf yl;oGm;NyD; olr\aygifrsm;udkvnf;
aphovdkNzpfoGm;onf/ xdkhaBumifh cifcifpdef \ apmufzkwfEIwfcrf;rsm;onfvnf; aphoGm;NyD; twGif; tNyif
apmufywfEIwfcrf;om;rsm; onf xGef;ausmf \vD;wefBuD; udk&pfywfiHkxm;ovdkNzpfoGm;avonf/ xGef;ausmf onf
tysdK;BuDrr \ wif;usyfpD;ydkifaom apmufzkwfnSpftm;aBumifh ar;aBumBuD;rsm;axmifvmum
tHudkBudwfxm;&avonf/
ZGd .. pGyf .. zkef; .. tdk tGef; ..
Avpf .. Asd .. yvyf .. zkef; .. tm;
yvpf .. yvpf .. &SD; tm; [m; .. zkef;
xGef;ausmf onf olhyckH;ay: wifxm;aom cifcifpdef \ aygifrsm;udk vufEpfzufNzifh wif;BuyfpGm zufvsuf
cg;tm;udkoHk;um cifcifpdef \ Buyfaomfvnf; t&nfBunfrsm;aBumifh ydk;om;uJhodkh El;nHhacsmarThaeaom apmufzkwf
twGif;odkh vdk;aqmifhawmhonf/ apmufzkyf EIwfcrf;om;rsm;onf aphxm;aomaBumifh ol\ vD;vHk;ywfvnfudk
nSpfxm;ovdkNzpfaeaomaBumifh xGef;ausmf rSm tifrwefrSxl;uJvSaom umr*kPf tm&kHudk cHpm;ae&onf/ xdkhaBumifh
olhcg;tm;udk oHk;umtm;yg;aqmifhavaomtcgwGif ol\ qD;pyf ESifh aphxm;aomcifcifpdef \aygifESpfacsmif;wdkh
&kdufrdoHrSm wzkef;zkef;Nrnf aeNyD;? tdkifxGufvmaom t&nfBunf rsm;aBumifh vD;0if vD;xGuf vkyfavwdkif;
xGufvmaom wZGdZdG? wAdsAsd toHrsm; onf ESpfa,mufvHk;\ pdwfudkydkxefapavonf/ xdkodkh xGef;ausmf \ qD;pyf
onf cifcifpdef aphxm;aom aygif&if;wdkh xd&kdufrdaomtcgwGif NzLazG;um qlNzdL;rdkharmufaeaom cifcifpdef \ Ekdh
ESpfvHk;onfvnf; wqwfqwfwkefum cifcifpdef \ ar;aph &Sd&modkh tdueJtdueJ qefwufoGm;Buavonf/ xdkuJhodkh
Edkh ESpfvHk; wwkefwkefNzpfaeonfudkNrif&aom xGef;ausmf onf ydkrdk ESmuefvmum cifcifpdef \ EdkhBuD;ESpfvHk;udk
ol\vufz0g; ESpfcktwGif;okdh rufarmpGm pkHudkifNyD;aemuf BuHK;umBuHK;um vdk;avawmhonf/
xGef;ausmf onf aES;&mrSNref? Nref&mrSNyif;? Nyif;&mrS av;zsOf;wJhGwGhJ ponfNzifh pnf;csufrsm;udk
toGiftrsdK;rsdK;aNymif;NyD;vdk;avaomtcg cifcifpdef \acgif;rsm;onf csmcsmvnfum rl;arhawmhrwwf umr*kPftm&kH
\zrf;pm;Ncif;udkcH&avonf/ olr\touf&IoHrsm;um; Nyif;xefyHkrSm wpfrdkifc&D;udk rem;wrf;
w&Burf;aNy;vmaomoluJhodkhyif/ xGef;ausmf \vdk;yHkvdk;enf;rSmaumif;vGef;vSoNzifh olrtzkwftwGif;rS
t&nfBunfwdkhonf w&a[myifxyfrHumxGufvmavonf/ xdkhaBumifhyif xGef;ausmf \vD;t0iftxGuf
pdwfvmonfESifhtrQ t*Fvdyfvdk (Slurping Sond ) rsm;onf tcef;xJwGif yJhwifxyfumaeawmhonf/

cifcifpdef onf olr\zifudk wwfEdliforQavxJodkhaNrSmufxm;NyD; xGef;ausmf \rD;yGifhrwwfvdk;aqmfcsufrsm;udk

tm;yg;w&cH,lae&if; rnfodkhNzpfvmonfrod? olr\udk,fxJrS wpfpHkwpf&m onf tNyifodkhxGufcsifaeonf/
tm;yg;w&aqmifhaeaom xGef;ausmf \ vD;wefBuD; onf azgifum;wif;vmNyD; umraoG;rsm; OD;aESmuftwGif;odkh
'vBurf; pD;0ifonfhtwGuf rsuf&nfrsm;xGufrwwfcHpm;ae&aom'Pfudk rcHEdlifawmhaomaBumifh
wpfukd,fvHk;&Sdtm;rsm;udknSpfum tHudkzspfzspfrnfatmifBudwf&if; 15 csufrQaqmifhNyD;aomtcgwGif
trav; av ; .. armif armif armif xGef; .. tkd [if [if ... tGef tGef tdk tdk tm ; ..
[k cifcifpdef onf wpfukd,fvHk;wGefhvdrfvmNyD; olr\ apmufzkwf EIwfcrf; twGif;ESifhtNyifeH&Hrsm;yg &IHumyGumNzifh
vufrsm;onfvnf; tdyf,mcif;udk uspfuspfygatmifqkyf&if; olr\qD;pyf udk xGef;ausmf \ qD;pyf
&Sd&modkhzduyfvdkufNyD; aumhumaumhumNzifh NyD;qHk;Ncif;odkha&mufoGm;avonf/ olr \ apmufzkwf eH&Hrsm;onf
&IHumyGumNzifh xGef;ausmf vD;wefywfvnfwpfavsmufudk nSpfaeaomtcgwGif xGef;ausmf onfvnf; cifcifpdef
aygifrsm;udk vufESpfzufNzifhodkif;zuf&if; ol\ cg;udkaumhum ylaEG;yspfaxG;aom okwf&nfylrsm;udk cifcifpdef \
apmufzkwftwGif;odkh waighaighNzifh yef;xkwfaeawmhonf/
__________________________________________________
naeopfpufydwfawmh xGef;ausmf opfukefo,frsm;ESihfnpmauR;&efygoGm;oNzifh vSvSrGef
wpfa,mufwnf;tdrfodkhNyefoGm;cJhonf/ wpfnaevHk; xGef;ausmf udkarQmfvifhaeaomfvnf; n(9) em&Dxdk;onftxd
xGef;ausmf Nyefrvmao;oNzifh tdyf,may: odkhwufvSJaevdkufonf/ tdrfa&ShwGifrawmh rrpdef onf xHk;pHtwdkif;yif
ausmif;om;rsm;\avhusifhcef;pmtkyfrsm;udk trSwfzsuf&if; tvkyf&Iyfaeonf/
vSvSrGef onf tdyf,may: wGifvSJae&if; aehcif;zufutNzpftysufrsm;udk NyefaNymif;umpOf;pm;aerdonf/ aehcif;u
olr\aehpOfarQmfvifhawmifhwaecJh&aom qErsm;Nynfh0cgeD;rS taNctaet& ysufNym;oGm;cJh&onfudk
olr\pdwfxJwGif ,ckxufxd wEkHEHk ESifh rcsihfr&JNzpfvsufyif&Sdaeao;onf/
xGef;ausmf \vdifwefBuD;onf wu,fhudkpHcsdefrDvSonf/ [dkwpfaeh eHufydkif; xrif;pm;cef;xJwGif olrudk xGef;ausmf
uaemufzufrSae zufvdkufpOfu(olruvnf; rdrd&& zduyfay;vdkufpOf) xdawGhvdkuf&aom xGef;ausmf \vdifwef?
wpfzef aehvnfuopfpufxJwGif olr \vufNzifh rdrd&& yGwfoyfay;cJhaom iyJacsmif;BuD;onf
enf;enf;aemaemBuD;r[kwf/ olr pdwfxif (7)vufravmufawmh&Sdrnf/ rmvdkufonfrSmvnf;
oHacsmif;tvm;rSwf&onf/ wpfu,fhudkrufavmufwJh [mBuD;ygvm;/ vSvSrGef wpfa,muf awG;avav
pdwfydkvIyf&Sm;avav/ oufysif;armrsm;udk csvdkuf&onfrSmvnf; cPcP/ pdwfvIyf&Sm;vmonfESifhtrQ olr
apmufywftwGif;wGif &Gpd&Gpd NzpfvmNyD; tpGrf;ukef cHcsifpdwfwdkhay: vmonfrSmvnf; b,fvdkrS xdef;vdkhr&atmifyif/
'Dvdk vD;wefrsdK; ESifh BuHKcsifprf;vGef;vSygbd/ a[m cs&NyefNyDoufysif;arm aemufwpfcsuf/
tdyf,may: wGifvSJae&mrS vSvSrGef onf xumukwifay: rSqif;vdkufNyD; olr\t0wftpm;rsm;tm;vHk;udk
cRwfvdkufonf/NyD;awmh tdyfcef;wHcg;twGif;zufrS xkd;xm;aom *vefhudk NzKwfum tdyf,may: wGifNyefvSJvdkufNyD;
xGef;ausmf wpfa,muf 'Dwpfnawmh olr\tcef;odkhvmrnf[k taotcsmwGufvdkufum tem;&Sdapmifudk ukd,fay:
wGifvTrf;vdkufNyD; pdwfcsvufcs tdyfNypfvdkufavonf/
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nu cifcifpdefwpfa,muf xGef;ausmf \tcef;rSNyefxGufvmawmh reuf(2)em&D yifxdk;NyD;aeNyD/ xGef;ausmf onf
cifcifpdef udknu(3)csDwdwdqJGNypfvdkufonf/ qufwdkufvdk;Ncif;r[kwfyJ em;um
taotcsmEI;ESyfumvdk;Ncif;Nzpfonf/ cifcifpdef NyefoGm;NyD;rBumrDrSmyif xGef;ausmf vnf;
armyef;umtdyfaysmfoGm;avonf/
reuf xGef;ausmf Edl;vmawmh(9) em&Dawmifxdk;awmhrnf/ a&csdK;&eftwGuf aemufaz;odkhxGufvmaomtcgwGif
rD;zkdacsmifxJwGif tvkyf&Iyfaeaom olZm udkawGhvdkufonf/ xGef;ausmf udkawGhvdkufaomtcg olZm
uNyHK;NyumEIwfqufvdkufonf/

rsdK;rsdK; a&m olZm

rrpdef ausmif;qDygoGm;w,f udkxGef;ausmf
aBomf udkxGef;ausmf .. vSvSrGef urSmoGm;w,f .. opfpufudk oGm;ESifhNyDwJh .. udkxGef;ausmf at;at;aq;aq;rSom
vdkufvmcJhygwJh..
[kwfuJh ..
udkxGef;ausmf a&csdK;NyD;&if reufpmpm;zdkh olZm toifhNyifxm;vdkufr,faemf ..
aus;Zl;ygyJ olZm a&
xGef;ausmf a&csdK;cef;xJa&mufonftxd wpfrsdK;av;vSum pJGaqmifrI&SdvSaom olZm
\&kyfoGifav;udkNrifa,mifaerdonf/ cgao;&ifcsDum wifum; aeyHkav;udk upJGrufp&maumif;vSonf/ t&yfNrifhNrifh
NyD; NzLazG;aomtom;t&nfaBumifh qJGaqmifrItm;u ydkNyD;&Sdvmonf/ 'DreufwGifawmh oeyfcg;a&BuJudk
yg;uGufusm;av;uGufxm;avawmh rdkhrdkhazgif;aeaom yg;NyifESpfzufudk BuLBuLarT;csifp&m aumif;vGef;ygbd/
xGef;ausmf onf olZm \tvStyrsm;udkawG;um pdwfrsm;BuGvmNyD; olZmh tay: wGifwyfrufpdwfwdkh ydkrdkvmcJhonf/
a&csdK;NyD;aemuf t0wftpm;vJum xrif;pm;cef;xJodkh xGef;ausmf 0ifvmaomtcg olZm udkrawGh&awmhacs/
xGef;ausmf onf olZm toifhNyifxm;ay;aom Buufom;[if; ESifhyvmwm udk aumfzDESifh arQmNyD;pm;vdkufonfrSm
ukefoavmufyif&Sdawmhrnf? ,ckxufxd olZmh t&dyfta,mifudkrNrif&ao;/ xGef;ausmf onf
pm;aomufNyD;aomtcg yef;uefcGufa,mufrsm; udk rD;zkdacsmif&Sd abpif ay: odkhwifxm;ay;cJhonf/ NyD;aemuf
{nfhcef;zufodkhxGuftvm olZm wdkh om;trd twGufay;xm;aom tcef;a&Shodkh a&mufaomtcg wHcg;onf
tenf;i,f[aeoNzifh bm&,fr[kwfyJ tdyfcef;qDodkh aNcvSrf;vdkufrdonf/ [aeaom wHcg;Bum;rS
tdyfcef;xJodkhvSrf;BunfhvdkufaomtcgwGif Nrifvdkuf&aom NrifuGif;aBumifh xGef;ausmf rSm&ifxJwGif
'def;ueJNzpfoGm;&avonf/
olZm onf ukwifay: wGifyufvufvSefaeNyD; olr\cEmukd,f atmufydkif;wGif t0wfr&SdbJ NzLazG;aom
aygifwHESpfacsmif;udk 'l;qpfae&mrSaeNyD; auG;umaxmifxm;onf/ NyD;awmh olr\vufwpfzufu
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vkyfumaeonf/
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a0;aeonfrSm twefBumoGm;NyDNzpfoNzifh olZm wpfa,muf umrqErsm; xdef;r&atmif NzpfaeyHk&onf/
'grSr[kwf&ifawmh [kdwpfaehu olZm \&ifESpfrTmudk rawmfwq qkyfe,frdovdkNzpfoGm;onf udktpNyKum olZm
onf,ckvdkvkyfum olhudkrsm;NrIqG,faewmvm; [k xGef;ausmf pOf;pm;aerdonf/
b,fvdkyJNzpfNzpf olZm udk&atmifcspfawmhrnf [k pdwfydkif;Nzwfvsuf tdyfcef;twGif;okdh xGef;ausmf
vSrf;um0ifvdkufonf/ wpftdrfvHk;wGif ESpfa,mufxJ&SdoNzifh xGef;ausmf onf tdyfcef;wHcg;udk *sufrxdk;awmhyJ
aph&kHomaphxm;cJhonf/ xGef;ausmf ukwifab;odkha&mufvmonftxd olZm rodao;/ olr\rsufvHk;ESpfvHk;udkrSdwfum
vufnId;Nzifhapmufacguf;twGif; cyfoGufoGuf xkwfcsnfoGif;csnfNzifh tvkyf&IyfaeqJ/
wpfxyfwnf;om 0wfxm;aom olr \ &ifaphtus onf tay: ESdyfoD; ESpfvHk;cefhNyKwfxGufaeoNzihf
0if;rGwfumaeaom olr \ paeESpfckdif onf wpf0ufwpfysuf NyLwpfumxGufaeonf/ vufnId;Nzifh
xkwfcsnfoGif;csnf vkyfaeaom olr \ &wema&TBuKwf rSm tawmfyifazgif;um;umaeNyD/ xdkhtNyif tarT;trSif
wpfyifrS r&SdoNzifh tqDw0if;0if; qdkouJhodkh 0if;tdumaeonf/
NyD;awmh xl;xl;Ncm;Ncm; pJGrufp&maumif;aewmuawmh tuJGaBumif;av;twGif;rS wpfvufr\ av;ykHwpfyHkcefh
tNyifzufodkh aigufawmufav;xGufaeaom olr \ ywNrm;aoG;a&mifoef;aeaom &omzl; ac: eDwm&J
apmufaphav;yifNzpfonf/ xGef;ausmf onf OD;pGm ol\ tusudkcRwfvdkufonf/ NyD;rS ol\
ykqdk;udkcRwfcsvdkufaomtcgwGif ol\iyJacsmif; onf waighaighNzifh tpmpm;&awmhrnfudk odaeonfhtvm;
aysmf&TifNrL;xl;pGm axmifrwfaeavonf/ xdkhaemufwGif olZm &Sd&m ukwifay: odkhvSrf;wufvdkufaomtcg
tdk .. udkxGef;ausmf ..

vefhoGm;oNzifh olZm onf xxdkifrnfhyHkNzifhvl;vJumxvdkufygao;omnf/ 'gayrJhvnf; xGef;ausmf onf

olr\udk,fvHk;av;udkzufum ol\ udk,fvHk;BuD;Nzifh zdcsvdkufavonf/ NyD;aemuf olr \
&ifaphtuswGifwyfvsufusefaeaom ESdyfaphrsm;udk wpfcsufwnf;qJGum NzKwfcsvdkufavonf/ olZm
\tus&ifywfvnf; tyGifh? xGef;ausmf \tirf;r&Nzpfaeaom rsufESmBuD;uvnf; olr \ paeESpfcdkifqDodkhtusyif
udk udkxGef;ausmf .. rawmfygzl;&Sif .. r r vkyfygeJh ... tif;
olZm onf toHav;wkefwkef,if,ifNzifh Niif;qefygaomfvnf; olr \udk,fvHk;av;um; vIyfvDvIyfvJhNzifh olr \
EdkhtHkBuD;rsm;udk yifhumwifay;aeonf/ xGef;ausmf onf yxrwpfvHk;udk iHkumpdkhonf/ wpfvHk;NyD;awmh
aemufwpfvHk;udk qufumpdkhay;Nyefonf/ e*dkuyif cyfaxmifaxmifav;Nzpfaeaom olZm \ EdkhoD;av;rsm;onf
rdkhum aumhcRefwufvmoNzifh ydkNyD;rufarmp&maumif;vmaomaBumifh xGef;ausmf onf olZm
\NzLazG;azgif;tdaeaom EdkhtkHom;av;rsm;udk ywfywfvnf tESHh EIwfcrf;NzifhzdqJGvdkuf vQmzsm;av;Nzifhxdk;vdkuf
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