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11

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usr7@S d w J h t 7om[m t_ynf h a ygh ? usrrS d e f ; _yD ; Zd r f < l a erd w <f ? 7wJ h
t7om[m eJ e J c sif ; t@S d e f a _yawmh r S ol h v D ; [m eJ e J c sif ; aysmh o G m ;w<f ?
'D a wmh r S vl c sif ; cG m vd k u f _ yd ; td r f u d k _ yef c J h j uw<f ? tJ ' D n u wa7;rS
rEd k ; bJ od y f t d y f v d k h a umif ; wmbJ ?
aemuf w aehreuf a usmif ; oG m ;awmh usrol h ud k r7J w 7J
junf h v d k u f r d w <f ? ol [ m raeh n u bmrS r _zpf o vd k b J td a _EN 7 7bJ
ausmif ; ud k v d k u f y d k h w <f ? naeausmif ; u_yef v mawmh td r f r S m {nf h o nf
a7muf a ewm awG h 7 w<f ? usr7J h t a':eJ h o l h a <muf s m; usrwd k h q D u d k

12

tvnf v mjuwmaygh ? cG e f E S p f 7 uf w ygwf a ejur<f v d k h a_ymw<f ?

ol w d k h v if r <m;u oH k ; q<f a usmf a wG q d k a yr<f h cyf _ rL;_rL;aejuawmh
q<f a usmf o uf t wG J v d k h b J xif 7 w<f ? nae(6)em7D y G J ol w d k h @ k y f @ S i f
oG m ;junf h juw<f ? usrpmusuf p 7m@S d w meJ h vd k u f r oG m ;bl ; ?
nrS u srpmusuf _ yD ; td y f 7 m0if a wmh (9)em7D x d k ; vk _ yD a ygh ? usrvJ
raeh n ut_zpf t ysuf a wG u d k a wG ; 7if ; td y f a ysmf o G m ;w<f ? aemuf w H c g;
yd w f o H a jumif h usrEd k ; vmw<f ? [k d v if r <m;_yef v mju_yD ; usreJ h
tcef ; csif ; uyf 7 uf t cef ; rS m ol w d k h t wG u f a e7may;xm;w<f ?
usr_yef _ yD ; rsuf a ph r S d w f z d k h j ud K ;pm;awmh wzuf u toH a wG a jumif h
usrrtdyfbJ toHrjum;7atmifx_yD; eH7HrSmazgufxm;wJh oHacsmif;ayguf
uav;uaeacsmif ; junf h a wmh ol w d k h v if r <m;[mrwf w yf 7 yf _ yD ; ES K wf c rf ;
csif ; awh p k y f a ewmud k awG h 7 w<f ? tJ ' D v d k p k y f e rf ; 7if ; u wa<muf t 0wf
awGudk wa<mufcwfay;aejuw<faygh? usr7ifzdkoGm;_yD; touf@SLawmif
rS m ;vmw<f ? t0wf a wG w ck _ yD ; wck jurf ; _yif a y:ud k u svm_yD ; ES p f a <muf
om;[m rD ; a7mif a tmuf r S m wH k ; vH k ; 7yf _ yD ; wOD ; eJ h w OD ; pd k u f j unf h a e
juw<f ?
aemuf . ..zuf v d k u f j u_yD ; tm;rvd k t m;r7ud k < f a e7mtES H h y G w f o yf
aejuw<f ? eS K wf c rf ; csif ; pk y f x m;ju_yD ; vuf a wG u [d k a e7monf a e7m

13

ausm_yif w av#muf yG w f a ejuw<f ? ES K wf c rf ; csif ; cG m vd k u f _ yD ;

vuf w zuf u Ed k h t H k u d k y G w f a y;7if ; usef E d k h w zuf u d k p d k h a y;vd k u f a wmh
usrta':[m acgif ; av;armh _ yD ; aumh w uf o G m ;w<f ? usrud k < f a wG [ m
yl @ S d e f ; @S d e f ; _zpf v mw<f ?
usrta':7J h v uf w buf [ m OD ; av;ausm_yif u d k y G w f a e7mu
atmuf a v#mqif ; vm_yD ; OD ; av;7J h a ygif _ cH x J a 7muf o G m ;_yd ; wpH k w ck u d k
qk y f u d k i f v S K yf @ S m ;ay;vd k u f a wmh OD a v;vJ a ':av;7J h E d k h a wG u d k w tm;pd k h a y;7if ;
vuf w zuf u a':av;aygif _ cH u d k yG w f a y;aew<f ? usrjunf h a e7if ; u
usraygif_cHawG <m;usdusd_zpfvmw<f? aemufa':av;[m oludkifxm;wJh
ypP n f ; ud k ol h a ygif _ cH r S m awh _ yD ; eJ e J c sif ; yG w f 7 if ; u ol h 7 J h z if u d k a umh a umh
ay;7if ; ol h v uf x J u twef u d k ol h a ygif _ cH t wG i f ; yd k i f ; ud k a 7muf a tmif
oG i f ; aew<f ? twef u vnf ; _yKwf _ yKwf x G u f a ew<f ? t7yf c sif ; uvnf ;
eJ e J u G m awmh OD ; av;ua_cud k ! $ w f a y;_yD ; yk a y;w<f ? a':av;u
a_czsm;av;axmuf a y;w<f ? twef [ m a':av;aygif _ cH x J u [mxJ u d k
w0uf a vmuf 0 if o G m ;awmh ud k i f x m;wJ h a ':av;vuf u OD ; av;7J h
ausmqD u d k a _ymif ; zuf v d k u f w <f ? OD ; av;vuf E S p f z uf u a':av;wif y g;
ES p f z uf u d k qk y f u d k i f a z;r_yD ; ol h 7 J h t wef u d k oG i f ; csD E S K wf c sD v k y f a ew<f ?
usraygif w G i f ; rS m yd k < m;vmvd k h usrvuf e J h y G w f a erd w <f ?

14

t7nf j unf a v;awG pd r f h x G u f v mw<f ? t7omwrsd K ;7vmw<f ?

wzuf u d k j unf h 7 if ; usrtzk w f u d k usrt7om@S d @ S d y G w f E S d K uf r d a ew<f ?
15-csuf | tcsuf E S p f q <f a vmuf a qmif h _ yD ; juawmh 7yf _ yD ; vd k ; ae7mu
uk w if z uf u d k o G m ;juw<f ? OD ; av;u uk w if a y:t7if w uf _ yD ; yuf v uf
td y f v d k u f w <f ? ol h v D ; juD ; [m awmif _ yD ; rwf a ew<f ? tJ ' gud k a ':av;u
pd r f ; pd r f ; juD ; junf h _ yD ; ol h 7 J h v uf e J h q k y f u d k i f y G w f o yf a y;w<f ? OD ; av;
vl ; vG e f h a ew<f ? a':av;[m OD ; av;7J h v D ; ud k txuf a tmuf y G w f w d k u f
ay;ae7if ; u OD ; av;7J h t ay:rS m cG x d k i f v d k u f w <f ? usru a':av;bmrsm;
vk y f r vd k h y gvd r f h v d k h awG ; aepOf r S m yif a':av;7J h z if [ m OD ; av;7J h v D ; wJ h w J h
ay:rS m a7muf a e_yD ; a':av;u vD ; juD ; ud k o l r 7J h t zk w f a yguf r S m awh _ yD ;
w_znf;_znf;atmufudk zdxdkifvdkufw<fqdk7ifbJ vD;juD;[mapmufzkwfxJ
wa_z;a_z;_rKyf 0 if o G m ;w<f ?
tJ ' D a emuf a ':av;[m txuf a tmuf a qmif h a eygawmh w <f ?
ol h r suf E S m rS m vJ pnf ; pd r f @ S d w J h t 7d y f t a<mif | aumif ; aewJ h [ mud k awG h 7
w<f? usr a':av;vdkvkyfjunfhcsifwJhpdwfawG ay:vmw<f? a':av;[m
tm;7yg;7aqmif h a !S m if h a eawmh arm[d k u f v mwmeJ h 7 yf e m;_yD ; OD ; av;ud k < f
ay:rS m arS m uf _ yD ; em;aew<f ? tJ ' D t csd e f r S m OD ; av;u a':av;ud k < f u d k
zuf 7 if ; ab;ud k v S d r f h v d k u f w <f ? quf _ yD ; vS d r f h v d k u f a wmh a':av;u
atmuf b uf a 7muf o G m ;_yD ; OD ; av;u tay:ua7muf o G m ;w<f ?

15

OD ; av;[m a':av;7J h E S K wf c rf ; ud k p k y f v d k u f | Ed k h u d k a csvd k u f | aemuf Ed k h u d k

pd k h v d k u f v k y f a wmh yd a ewJ h a ':av;zif [ m juG _ yD ; armuf a y;w<f ?
'D a wmh r S O D ; av;[m a_z;a_z;csif ; aqmif h y gawmh w <f ? usrawmh j unf h 7 if ; eJ h
usrtzk w f j um;ud k vuf 0 g;apmif ; eJ h y G w f a erd w <f ? a':av;[m
15-csuf a vmuf t aqmif h c H _ yD ; awmh ol r aygif u d k u m;_yD ; auG ; ay;vd k u f w <f ?
OD ; av;u ol h ' l ; ud k a uG ; _yD ; a@S h w d k ; _yD ; aqmif h a ew<f ?
wa_z;a_z;taqmif h j urf ; vmawmh a':av;7J a uG ; xm;wJ h a _c[m
txuf u d k q ef h _ yD ; ab;ud k w tm;um;ay;xm;w<f ? aqmif h v d k u f w d k i f ;
a!S m if h v d k u f w d k i f ; wpG w f p G w f w zwf z wf _ rnf a ew<f ? ol w d k h t aqmif h
_ref v mwmeJ h usrvuf [ mvJ _ref v mw<f ? aemuf a wmh ES p f O D ; om;
touf @ S L _yif ; vm_yD ; wG e f h v d e f a umh _ yD ; ES p f O D ; om;zuf x m;juw<f ?

aumif ; vd k u f w marmif 7 <f | usra':av;ujud w f _ yD ; wD ; wd k ; qd k v d k u f w <f ?

usrvnf ; ol e J h x yf w l wqwf q wf w k e f _ yD ; aumif ; oG m ;w<f ?
usrtd y f 7 may:_yef r S d e f ; ae7mu td y f a ysmf o G m ;w<f ? reuf 4-em7D a vmuf
rS m Ed k ; vmw<f ? nu[m owd 7 wmeJ h uk w if a y:utomx_yD ;
wzuf c ef ; ud k acsmif ; junf h r d _ yef w <f ? usr_zif h 'd w f u eJ _ zpf o G m ;w<f ?
junf h y gtk e f ; @S i f ? OD ; av;yuf v uf t d y f a ewmud k a':av;u OD ; av;
Ad k u f a y:rS m acgif ; wapmif ; wif _ yD ; OD ; av;7J h v D ; ud k tmomirf ; irf ; eJ h

16

teD ; uyf u d k i f j unf h a ew<f ?

yG w f o yf u d k i f w G < f 7 if ; u a':av;rsuf E S m [m vD ; em;ud k w a@G h a @G h
uyf v m7if ; ol h y g;eJ h u yf y G w f w <f ? yG w f 7 if ; u erf ; w<f ? _yD ; awmh
v#meJ h vD ; ud k 7 uf j unf h w <f ? Ed k h a t;acsmif ; av;7uf o vd k y gbJ ? 7uf 7 if ; u
t7omydkawGhoGm;vm; rodygbl;@Sif? a':av;[mvD;udk olhyg;pyfxJoGif;_yD;
pk y f < l a eygw<f ? vD ; [m yg;pyf x J 0 if v d k u f x G u f v d k u f _zpf a ew<f ?
OD ; av;uawmh wif y g;aumhaumh_yD ; wG e f h vd e f a ew<f ?
aemufOD;av;u a':av;udkwm;wm;_yD; xw<f? a':av;[mukwifay:rSm
av;buf a xmuf 7 uf o m;juD ; _zpf a ew<f ? OD ; av;u a':av;ud k
ae7mra_ymif ; apbJ ol u a':av;7J h z if a emuf b uf y d k i f ; ud k u yf o G m ;_yD ;
ol h v D ; juD ; eJ h aemuf b uf _ yL;xG u f a ewJ h a':av;apmuf z k w f j uD ; ud k
yG w f o yf a y;vd k u f a wmh a':av;uzif y l ; awmif ; axmif _ yD ; rS d e f ; aew<f ?
OD ; av;[m ol h v D ; ud k a':av;apmuf z k w f x J u d k wa_z;a_z;zd o G i f ;
w<f ? qH k ; awmh uwf x G u f u meD ; avmuf u d k _yef x k w f w <f ? aemuf
wa_z;a_z; oGif;w<f? oGif;vdkufxkwfvdkufvkyfwm[m aES;7mu _refvm
w<f ? tJ ' D v d k a !S m if h 7 if ; aqmif h 7 if ; u vuf w zuf u a':av;Ed k h u d k q G J
ay;w<f ? aqmif h w m_ref o avmuf wzwf z wf t oH a wG e J h t wl jurf ; vm

17

w<f ?
OD ; av;u wtm;zd a qmif h _ yD ; uyf v d k u f w d k i f ; a':av;uzif u d k
aemufudkaumh_yD; wdk;vdkufw<f? wtm;aqmifh7if;u aemufqHk;ESpfOD;om;
wtif ; tif ; _zpf o G m ;_yD ; uk w if a y:xyf 7 uf o m;usoG m ;awmh w <f ? aemuf
_id r f a ejuw<f ? usrvJ @S d e f ; zd e f ; xl y l _ yD ; rsuf E S m opf z d k h x G u f v mcJ h w <f ?
usr7if x J r S m tvd k ; cH c sif w J h p d w f a wG od y f u d k _ yif ; _yaew<f a ygh ?
rsuf E S m opf z d k h a7wd k i f u D z uf t vm '@k d i f b m7J h t d y f c ef ; ud k _ zwf a wmh
_yLwif ; ayguf [ m cyf [ [yG i f h a ewmeJ h txJ u d k a csmif ; junf h v d k u f a wmh
vm;vm; ol h v H k c snf u wf a e_yD ; ol h v D ; [mvnf ; tay:ud k r wf a wmif
aewmawG h 7 w<f ? usrud k o H k ; av;cgavmuf vd k ; zl ; wJ h v D ; ud k _ rif a wmh
raeEd l i f a wmh b l ; aygh ? usrab;bD u d k j unf h _ yD ; @S i f ; wmeJ h _ywif ; wH c g;u
tomausmf 0 if c J h w <f ? ol h t em;ud k a_coH r jum;atmif u yf o G m ;w<f ?
olhvD;juD;udk wa_z;a_z;teD;uyf_rif7av usrqENawG[m _yif;_yvmav
ygbJ ? tem;a7muf a wmh usr7yf _ yD ; awG a eygw<f ?
aemufawmh qHk;_zwfcsufcs_yD; olhvD;juD;udk udkifjunfhvdkufw<f?
ol u awmh t d y f v d k u f w m wk w f w k w f r #rvS K yf z l ; ? 'geJ h b J u srvJ 7J 7 J y J
vD ; juD ; ud k y G w f o yf j unf h r d w <f ? aemuf a':av;vk y f w mud k wa7;a7;

18

_rif v m_yD ; a':av;vd k b J vk y f j unf h c sif v mw<f ? usrxrD u d k txuf

yif h _ yD ; uG i f ; vk d u f p k 0 wf v d k u f w <f ? aemuf ol h v D ; ay:wJ h w J h c G x d k i f v d k u f _ yD ;
ol h v D ; eJ h usrapmuf z k w f t uG J j um;ud k yG w f j unf h r d w <f ? aumif ; vd k u f w m
@Sif? av;ig;cgavmufav#mwdkufawmh usr7Jhapmufzkwfu ta7junfawG
xG u f v mw<f ? apmuf a cgif ; 0rS m ol h v D ; xd y f u d k x m;_yD ; eJ e J c sif ; zd x d k i f
vd k u f a wmh uG r f ; oD ; acgif ; [m av#mueJ _ rKyf 0 if o G m ;w<f ? eJ e J _ yef j uG _ yD ;
wcg apmapmuxuf y d k z d v d k u f a wmh vD ; w0uf 0 if w <f ? eJ e J _ yef j uG v d k u f
zd c svd k u f e J h t7om[myd k a umif ; vmw<f ?
aemuf a wmh vD ; tqH k ; usrapmuf z k w f x J 0 if a eawmh w <f ?
usrvnf ; yXrawmh a_z;a_z;csif ; aqmih f a erd w <f ? aemuf a wmh tm;rvd k
tm;r7_zpf o G m ;_yD ; wtm;oH k ; av;csuf a vmuf z d t aqmif h r S m ol E d k ; oG m ;_yD ;
usrud k ajumif j unf h a ew<f ? usrvnf ; @S u f o G m ;_yD ; uk w if a y:u
qif ; w<f ? ol u vS r f ; qG J x m;w<f ? usratmuf y d k i f ; [m uk w if a tmuf
a7muf a yr<f h tay:yd k i f ; uawmh uk w if a y:rS m bJ @ S d a ew<f ? usrvJ
@S u f w meJ h tay:yd k i f ; ud k u k w if a y:rS m arS m uf _ yD ; rsuf E S m ud k u k w if j urf ; _yif
eJ h t yf _ yD ; vuf E S p f c k e J h z H k ; zG u f x m;w<f ? ol u usrud k a usmtyf a y;7if ;
uk w if a y:uqif ; w<f ?
ol h v uf [ m ausmuaewif y g;| wif y g;uae zif t om;qd k i f u d k

19

yGwfay;aeawmh usr_idrfaerdw<f? olhvuf[m zifjum;uaeav#mqif;_yD;

aemufydkif;rSm@SdwJh usrapmufzkwfudk olhvufcv<feJh tuGJajumif;tvdkuf
yG w f a y;_yef w <f ? t@S d e f u srvd k _ zpf a ewJ h usrqEN [ m _yef v <f v m_yD ;
zifudkeJeJaumhay;vdkufrdawmh usrtzkwf[m aemufudk_yLxGufoGm;w<f?
ol u rod r omx7if ; usrzif a emuf e m;7yf v d k u f w <f ? ol h v D ; u
usrzif u d k y G w f w d k u f o G m ;awmh axmif ; ueJ u srqEN a wG w uf o G m ;w<f ?
reuf u _rif 7 wJ h a':av;wd k h p H k w G J u d k pd w f x J r S m _rif a <mif v mrd w <f ?
olhvD;[mckawmh usrtzkwf7JhtuGJajumif;rSmyGwfxdk;7if;u usrapmufaph
ud k v nf ; uvd a ew<f ? usryd k _ yD ; aumh a y;vd k u f a wmh ol h v D ; [m usr
apmuf a cgif ; xJ u d k 0if v mawmh w <f ? wa_z;a_z;0if v mwmeJ h t7om[m
wd k ; wd k ; vmw<f ? tqH k ; xd z d u yf v d k u f a wmh usrtouf @ S L awmif j uyf o G m ;
w<f ? aemuf a wmh o l h v D ; [m usrapmuf a cgif ; eH 7 H a wG u d k yG w f w d k u f w d k ; 0if
vd k u f | xG u f v d k u f e J h oG u f v mw<f ?
usrwud k < f v H k ; tajumawG a wmif h a wmif h v m_yD ; usrtH a wG
jud w f x m;rd w <f ? apmuf z k w f u d k v nf ; wtm;zG i f h u m;xm;rd w <f ?
wa_z;a_z;apmuf a cgif ; xJ u yl v m_yD ; wqwf q wf w H k 7 if ; t7om7J h
txG w f t xd y f r S m usrok w f 7 nf a wG y ef ; xG u f u k e f w <f ? ol h o k w f a 7awG v J
yef ; xG u f _ yD ; om;td r f e H 7 H r S m vmxd w <f ? ol u wtm;zd u yf x m;ovd k

20

usrtpG r f ; uk e f _ yef w G e f ; aumh x m;rd w <f ? ES p f O D ; vH k ; armyef ; _yD ; uk w if a y:rS m

xyf 7 uf o m;_zpf o G m ;w<f ? ol h v D ; [mc^aeawmh _yKwf u eJ _ yKwf x G u f
oG m ;w<f ? usruawmh wzd e f ; zd e f ; usef a ewJ h t 7omud k rS d e f ; _yD ; cH p m;ae
rd w <f ?
ol r suf E S m opf _ yD ; wacguf _ yef v mawmh r S usrtJ ' D t cef ; xJ u
cyf o k w f o k w f x G u f c J h w <f ? tJ ' D u p_yD ; usreJ h ' @k d i f b meJ h E S p f a <muf [ m
tcGifhoifhwdkif;oifhwdkif; vdk;juw<f? rsm;aomtm;_zifhuawmh um;xm;wJh
um;cef ; xJ r S m ygbJ a ygh ? tJ ' D a e7mu pd w f c s7w<f ? vl j uD ; awG r od E d l i f
bl ; aygh ? usrnaeausmif ; u_yef v mw<f q d k 7 if td r f b uf u d k r oG m ;ao;bJ
um;cef ; xJ r S m wcsD a vmuf p cef ; oG m ;_yD ; rS

td r f b uf u d k u l ; oG m ;w<f ?

waeh usrtrwa<muf ta0;uaea7muf v mygw<f ?

ol h a <muf s m;eJ h p d w f q d k ; vmw<f q d k b J ? reuf u s ausmif ; vd k u f y d k h | nae
ausmif ; vmjud K aygh ? 'gayr<f h usrwd k h u tvk y f r ysuf y gbl ; ? bmvd k h v J
qd k 7 if naeausmif ; utd r f a 7muf w meJ h ol u t7if u m;ay:uqif ; oG m ;_yD ;
naepmtwG u f csuf z d k h _ yKwf z d k h p D p Of 7 wmud k ; ? usru um;cef ; xJ r a<mif
rvnf a ecJ h _ yD ; tvk y f _ zpf v d k u f w maygh ?
usrcif y G e f ; onf [ m wud k < f a umif ; qef w J h w a<muf b J a ygh ?

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rd b uay;pm;vd k h o m <l c J h 7 w<f ? r~F v maqmif w J h t csd e f u awmh usr

od y f a ysmf c J h w maygh ? wpd r f ; w7H p m a<muf s m;wa<muf e J h awG h 7 xd 7 wJ h
t7om[m w<f a umif ; wmud k ; @S i f h ? ol u usryg;_yif a v;ud k a r$ ; vd k u f
w<fqdk7ifbJ usrjuufoD;xoGm;w<f? usrESKwfcrf;udkpkyf<lvdkufw<f
qd k 7 if b J usr7if r S m zd k o G m ;w<f ? ol h v uf [ m usr7if a y:rS m a7muf v m_yD ;
zd u d k i f v d k u f a wmh usrpd w f a wG r@k d ; r@G _ zpf v m7_yef w <f ?
usrar#mf v if h r d w <f ? usrabmf v D u d k _ zKwf _ yD ; ud k i f v d r f h r <f v d k h ?
'gayr<f h ol a v rud k i f b l ; @S i f h ? aemuf _ yD ; awmh v nf ; junf h y gtk e f ; awmh ?
yd k i f p d k ; yd k i f e if ; eJ h usrvH k c sD u d k o l v S e f v d k u f w <f ? usr@S u f v G e f ; vd k h _id r f a erd
w<f ? xrD v S e f _ yD ; wmeJ h a_caxmuf E S p f c k u d k u m;_yD ; ol u srud k < f a y:
wuf a rS m uf w <f ? tom;acsmif ; rmrmwck u usrtzk w f u d k [k d e m;xd k ;
onf e m;xd k ; eJ h pxd k ; w<f @ S i f ? aemuf ol h v uf e J h u d k i f a wh w <f x if y g7J h ?
usrtuG J a jumif ; xJ ol h [ mjuD ; vmaxmuf _ yD ; wd k ; 0if v mw<f ? @S u f w J h
pd w f a wG j um;u vD ; qd k w mjuD ; bJ v d k h o d v d k u f w <f ? ol v d k ; aewmyguvm;
qd k w mod v d k u f 7 if b J usrpd w f x J r S m wrsd K ;juD ; _zpf o G m ;_yD ; usrtzk w f u d k
eJ e J [ ay;vd k u f w <f ?
eJ e J [ ay;wmeJ h ol h v D ; u _Apf u eJ w d k ; 0if v mw<f ? aumif ; wmeJ h
emwmeJ h a 7m_yG r f ; _yD ; cH p m;7w<f ? ol h v D ; uawmh xG u f v d k u f w d k ; vd k u f

vk y f a ew<f ? emwmeJ h e J e J u m;ay;vd k u f a wmh ol h v D ; [m w_Apf _ Apf w d k ; 0if

vmvd k u f w m usr_zif h e mvG e f ; vd k h a<mif _ yD ; aygif u d k p d x m;rd w <f ?
pd a wmh y d k e mwmeJ h _yef _ zJ a y;vd k u f a wmh r S ouf o moG m ;w<f ? ol u awmh
bmrS r _zpf o vd k b J cyf r S e f r S e f a qmif h a ew<f ? ol h v D ; 0if v d k u f x G u f v d k u f
vk y f a eawmh apmuf a cgif ; rS m yl v m_yD ; emvmwmawG a ysmuf o G m ;7mu
aumif ; vmw<f ?
usrvJ tJ ' D a wmh r S vd k ; wJ h t 7omav;ud k rS d e f ; cH a erd w <f ?
olhvD;u 0ifvdkufxGufvdkufwdkif; t7om[m wdk;wdk;vmw<f? olhvD;[m
rS e f r S e f 0 if x G u f a e7mu _ref v mawmh _ref v mavaumif ; vmavygbJ @ S i f ?
'gayr<f h jumjumr_ref b J wcsuf E S p f c suf w tm;aqmif h _ yD ; ol [ m
qwf u eJ q wf u eJ _ zpf o G m ;_yD ; usrtay:wtm;zd u yf v d k u f w <f ?
usr a@S h r S m aumif ; vmr<f h [ mud k a r#mf a ewk e f ; ol h v D ; ud k u srtzk w f x J u
pG w f u eJ E S K wf _ yD ; xoG m ;w<f ?
usr rausreyf e J h u sef a ecJ h w <f ? aemuf w cgrsm;xyf _ yD ; vk y f t k e f ;
rvm;ar#mf v if h a eayr<f h ol [ m a7csd K ;cef ; oG m ;_yD ; a7csd K ;_yef v mw<f ?
aemuf usrab;rS m wbuf a pmif ; _yD ; td y f o G m ;w<f ? usrtzd k h a wmh
awmf a wmf e J h t d y f r aysmf b l ; aygh ? 'D v d k e J h [k d b uf v l ; vd k u f | 'D b uf v l ; vd k u f e J h
ae7if ; u pd w f a v#mh _ yD ; td y f r <f v d k h v J _ yif a 7m ol E d k ; vm_yD ; ra_ymrqd k

23

[kdudkifonfudkifeJhvkyf_yD; wcgwufvdk;_yefyga7m? usr bmwwfEdlifrSmvJ?

usrrSm olhr<m;_zpfae_yDr[kwfvm;? ol_yKor# Ek7awmhrSmaygh? 'DwcgvJ
'D v d k b J ol h q EN _ ynf h @ k H b J v k y f o G m ;w<f ? usrrS m awmh vrf ; ck v wf r S m bJ
[musef a ecJ h a wmh w <f ?
td r f a xmif u s7if a wmh Zd r f @ S d r S m bJ v d k h x if a ewm? ck a wmh @ S i f
b<f r S m vJ Zd r f ? usrqEN r _ynf h a wmh pd w f w d k v mw<f ? ol e J h c ^c^
7ef _ zpf 7 w<f ? 'geJ h w aeh a wmh ol h w l w a<muf a usmif ; wuf z d k h usrwd k h
td r f r S m vmaeyga7m? pmar;yG J c ^c^usvd k h q d k _ yD ; ol h r d b rsm;urEd l i f v d k h
usrwd k h q D y d k h v d k u f w maygh ? pmar;yG J u sw<f o mqd k w <f ? aumif a v;u
vl a yG a v;ud k @ S i f h ? ol h t oG i f t _yif j unf h a wmh at;ovd k @ k d ; ovd k e J h ?
jud w f a yG a ewJ h [ mav;ud k j unf h a v? a7muf w J h a eh u qd k 7 if ol h O D ; av;
a@S h a wmh pum;wcG e f ; rS r a_ymbJ ol h O D ; av;a_ymor#ud k e m;axmif _ yD ;
acgif;vdkufndwfaew<f? a[m olhOD;av;vnf; tvkyfwdkufvnf;oGm;a7m|
usr@S d 7 mrD ; zd k a csmif a 7muf v m_yD ; pum;azgif z G J h a _ym| usrud k u l n D v k y f _ yD ;
usrem;rS m yG w f o D ; yG w f o yf v k y f | usrud k p d k u f p d k u f j unf h a ew<f a v?
usruar;awmh tH w D u vS v G e f ; vd k h w J h ? ol y G w f o D ; yG w f o yf v k y f
wmeJ h armuf a _ymwmawG usrud k 7 if c k e f a pygw<f ? 'D v d k e J h a evmwm
7-7uf a _rmuf w J h a eh r S m aygh ? ol h O D ; av;c7D ; a0;xG u f o G m ;7w<f ? nae

24

wl a wmf a rmif a usmif ; u tapmbJ _ yef v mw<f ? usrvJ w a7;Ed k ; 7mu

a7csd K ;aewk e f ; ol 0 if v moH j um;vd k h vS n f h j unf h v d k u f w <f ? ol [ m
a7vJ v H k c sD 0 wf v m_yD ; rsuf e S m ok w f y k 0 gud k y ck e f ; ay:wif v m_yD ; usrud k
_ref _ ref c sd K ;zd k h a_ymw<f ? usrvJ qyf _ ymwd k u f w k e f ; a_z;a_z;aygh v d k h
a_ymw<f ? ol u a':av;uvJ qyf _ ymwd k u f w m ausmvnf ; rwd k u f
bl ; wJ h ?
usrvJ [J h v uf u rrS D w mqd k a wmh uef a wmf w d k u f a y;r<f q d k _ yD ;
a_yma_ymqd k q d k usrvuf x J u qyf _ ymud k < l _ yD ; usrausmud k qyf _ ym
wd k u f a y;w<f ? usrvJ txd t awG h r S m 7pf r l ; _yD ; ol h 7 J h w <k w <yG w f a y;
aewmudk tom_idrfaerdw<f? ~kwfuaeausm_yifudk qyf_ymeJhyGwfay;7if;
usrausmwck v H k ; yG w f 7 atmif xrD 7 if v sm;ud k a v#m_yD ; aemuf y d k i f ; u
eJ e J a v#mh a y;vd k u f w <f ? av#mh a y;vd k u f a wmh ol [ m ausm@k d ; wav#muf
wifyg;txd av#mwdkufyGwfay;aew<f? usrvnf;Zdrf@Sd@SdeJh _idrfaerdw<f?
ol h 7 J h y G w f a y;aewJ h v uf E S p f b uf [ m ausm@k d ; txuf a tmuf y G w f
7muae ab;buf u d k e <f c sJ h _ yD ; yG w f a y;ae_yef w <f ? vuf _ yif u ae
atmufzifqHktxd txufatmufyGwfae7mu rodrom csdKif;atmufbuf
ab;om;buf u d k a 7muf v m7mu usr7if o m;awG u d k yG w f a e_yef a 7m?
ol h 7 J h y G w f o yf a y;rS K [m _iif o mvG e f ; _yef a wmh usrwG e f ; z<f r ypf b J

25

_id r f _ yD ; awmh Zd r f c H a erd a wmh w <f ? vuf w zuf u uef r Ed k h w vH k ; qD u d k

ul ; a_ymif ; _yD ; yG w f a y;aewk e f ; vuf w zuf u usrAd k u f o m;qD u d k av#mcs
oG m ;w<f ? usrowd x m;rd w mu usraemuf r S m ol [ myl ; uyf v mwm7<f |
usrzif j um;rS m yl a EG ; aEG ; rmawmif h a wmif h ol h v D ; juD ; uyf rKyf x m;wmud k
owd x m;rd w <f ?
usrpd w f a wG w @S d e f ; @S d e f ; eJ h qEN a wG w uf v mw<f ? ol h v uf [ m
Ad k u f o m;atmuf q D ; cH k q D o G m ;awmh ra7muf b J wck c k [ mxk y f x m;ovd k
_zpf _ yD ; usrud k i f x m;wJ h x rD p [m wif ; oG m ;w<f ? 'geJ h usrvuf u
xrDudkv$wfcsvdkufawmh usr[m wHk;vHk;_zpfoGm;w<f? olh7JhvD;[mvnf;
tck r S usrzif o m;ES p f c k t jum;rS m vH k c sD r cH b J xd a wG h 0 if a 7muf v mawmh
w<f? qD;cHkay:uvuf[mvnf; a@$hvdkh7_yD; usrtzkwfudk y<fy<fe<fe<f
ud k i f w G < f a eawmh w <f ? tJ ' D v d k v k y f 7 if ; u ol u rS D v d k u f a wmh usra@S h u d k
eJ e J u d k i f ; ay;7mu a@S h y d k i f ; rS m @S d a ewJ h a 7pnf y d k i f ; ud k v uf a xmuf _ yD ; arS ; vd k u f
w<f ? zif j um;xJ a 7muf a ewJ h o l h v D ; xd y f [ m usra@S h e J e J u d k i f ; vd k u f a wmh
usrapmuf z k w f 7 J h a tmuf E S K wf c rf ; om;eJ h vmxd w <f ?
usryd k _ yD ; uk e f ; ay;vd k u f a wmh ol h v D ; [m apmuf z k w f E S K wf c rf ; om;
ES p f c k j um;ud k wd k ; 0if v mw<f ? ta7junf a wG @ $ J a eawmh ol h v D ; [m
av#mueJ 0 if w <f ? aemuf _yef x G u f v d k u f | wd k ; 0if v d k u f e J h usrawmh

26

aumif ; aeawmh w <f ? aemuf vD ; wacsmif ; vH k ; 0if o G m ;awmh usrtouf @ S L

juyfovdk txJuatmifhovdk_zpfoGm;w<f? 'gayr<fh 0ifvdkufxGufvdkuf
quf v k y f o G m ;awmh atmif h w mawG a ysmuf o G m ;_yD ; aumif ; wmyd k v mw<f ?
'D v d k v k y f 7 if ; u ol h v uf w zuf u apmuf a ph u d k u vd a y;awmh usr_zif h
aumif ; vG e f ; vd k h zif u d k t pG r f ; uk e f a rmuf _ yD ; wd k ; ay;rd w <f ?
ol [ mav vl i <f a yr<f h tvd k ; urf ; usif y H k 7 w<f ? uef r t7if
b<f E S p f a <muf r sm; vk y f c J h b l ; vJ r od b J ? junf h a vck ? ol a emuf u
acG ; vd k ; ovd k vd k ; aewm usrapmuf z k w f w ck v H k ; ud k tES H h t _ym;yG w f w d k u f
xdawGhoGm;atmifvkyfw<f? usrpdwfudkvnf; odaeovdkbJ? usrpdwfawG
wuf v mwmeJ h ol h 7 J h a qmif h c suf a wG [ m _ref v mw<f ? wcgwcgem;_yD ;
zd u yf x m;vd k u f _ yef _ yD ; t@S d e f < l a qmif h v d k u f v k y f w <f ? usrpd w f q EN a wG
tqH k ; pG e f v nf ; a7muf a 7m ol [ m r!S m rwmtpG r f ; uk e f a qmih f v d k ; vd k u f w m
usraumif ; vG e f ; vd k h nD ; oH a wG x G u f _ yD ; wG e f h v d e f _ yD ; _yD ; oG m ;7awmh w <f ?
ol v nf ; ra@S ; raES m if ; rS m bJ ok w f 7 nf a wG y ef ; xG u f _ yD ; _yD ; oG m ;w<f ?
aemuf a7twl _ yef c sd K ;_yD ; xrif ; pm;juw<f ?
ck v d k q d k a wmh usr[m t!S m vG < f w J h r d e f ; uav;vd k h xif j urS m bJ ?
xif 7 if v nf ; xif E d l i f y gw<f ? ck v d k a wG h j uawmh b<f o l a @S m if E d l i f j urS m
vJ @ S i f ? ck a 7csd K ;cef ; xJ r S m _zpf j uwm yXrqH k ; tjud r f r [k w f y gbl ; ? yXrqH k ;

27

tjud r f u awmh usra<muf s m; yXrqH k ; tjud r f c7D ; xG u f w J h a eh u bJ

_zpfygw<f? usr[mnqdk7if wa<mufxJrtdyf7Jbl;aygh? i<fi<fuwnf;
uyJ qd k y gawmh ? 'gayr<f h usra<muf s m;ud k a wmh usrwa<muf w nf ;
rtd y f 7 J w m ra_ymrd b l ; aygh ? 'geJ h yXrqH k ; tjud r f ol c 7D ; xG u f a wmh
ol h @ k H ; uaumif a v;wa<muf u d k pmeJ h v $ w f a _ymw<f ? usrvnf ;
t7J w if ; _yD ; igwa<muf w nf ; td y f j unf h r <f a ygh ? aemuf _ yD ; wzuf c ef ; rS m
wl a wmf a rmif @ S d a eom;yJ q d k _ yD ; awmh a ygh ?
nvnf ; a7muf a 7m td y f < m0if a wmh usrpd w f a wG a csmuf c sm;
vmw<f ? wzuf c ef ; rS m wl a wmf a rmif u rD ; zG i f h _ yD ; pmusuf a ew<f ?
usrvnf ; rD ; zG i f h x m;w<f a ygh ? 'geJ h u srvnf ; eJ e J 7 J v m_yef w <f ? rd k ; [m
_AH K ;ueJ @ G m vm_yef w <f ? avuvnf ; wd k u f v mw<f ? v#yf a wG v nf ;
ypf v d k u f a 7m @k w f w 7uf r D ; _id r f ; oG m ;awmh arS m if o G m ;wmeJ h t wl usrvnf ;
ajumuf p d w f a wG 0 if v mwmaygh ? rD ; u_yef r vif ; vmawmh ajumuf p d w f a wG
yd k v m_yD ; usrwl u d k usrtcef ; xJ a c:_yD ; uk w if a y:rS m bJ t d y f c d k i f ; vd k u f
7w<f ? uk w if a y:ES p f a <muf o m;vnf ; vS J r d a 7m 0if ; ueJ w tm;v#yf p D ; u
vif ; oG m ;_yD ; 'd k i f ; ueJ e m;uG J r wwf rd k ; csd e f ; vd k u f a wmh usrvef h _ yD ; wl a wmf
armif u d k r v$ w f b J wtm;zuf x m;vd k u f r d a wmh w <f ?
ol u vnf ; usrausmud k o d k i f ; zuf x m;7if ; u ausmud k y G w f a y;

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aew<f ? usracgif ; ud k a wmh ol h r suf E S m atmuf r S m zG u f x m;w<f ?

tajumuf a _yoG m ;awmh usrvuf u d k a _zvd k u f a yr<f h ol u zuf x m;w<f ?
csuf c sif ; qd k o vd k b J zd k r xd a wG h r S K awG u 0if v m_yD ; usrol h 7 if c G i f x J u
wdk;xGufzdkh judK;pm;junfhao;w<f? r7bl;? usrolhudkarmhjunfhvdkufawmh
ol h E S K wf c rf ; [m usrES K wf c rf ; ud k p k y f < l v d k u f a wmh w <f ? usrqEN a wG
wrif rif j uG v mw<f ? ol h v #meJ h u srv#mcsif ; vH k ; axG ; yG w f r d a wmh usr
@kef;xGufzdkhrjudK;pm;bJ _idrfaevdkufw<f? olhvufawG[mvnf; usrEdkhudk
yGwfupm;ae_yefygw<f? usrESKwfcrf;u _zKwfueJcGmoGm;wJholhESKwfcrf;[m
usr7J h E d k h u d k p k y f < l a eygw<f ? aemuf o l h v uf w zuf [ m usraygif u d k y G w f a y;
7if ; usrxrD u d k tay:wG e f ; wif o G m ;w<f ? usrygif u atmuf u d k a v#m
wdkufyGwf7if;u olhcg;ay:udkqGJwifvdkufawmh usrolhudkcG_yD;_zpfoGm;w<f?
olhatmufydkif;u wdk;uyfvdkufawmh olh7JhrmawmifaewJhvD;xdyf[m
usrapmuf z k w f t uG J a jumif ; rS m vmaxmuf a ew<f ? ol u xd k ; zd k h _ yif a wmh
apmuf z k w f t uG J a jumif ; [m ol h v D ; wd k ; 0if v d k h uG J [ oG m ;w<f ? ol h v D ; xd y f
eJ h a pmuf a ph u d k y G w f a y;ovd k _ zpf a eawmh usrapmuf a cgif ; [m@G v m_yD ;
ta7vJ h v mw<f ? ol h v D ; xd y f u vnf ; ta7junf a v;awG x G u f v mvd k h
acsmacsmarG h a rG h t uG J a jumif ; wav#muf yG w f w d k u f a ew<f ? usrraeEd l i f v d k h
ae7ma@$ h a y;vd k u f a wmh apmuf a cgif ; xJ u d k ol h v D ; 7J h u G r f ; oD ; acgif ; _rKyf 0 if
oG m ;w<f ? ol u usrwif y g;ud k qG J u yf _ yD ; <l v d k u f w <f ? ol h v D ; w0uf

29

xyf 0 if v mw<f ? aemuf xk w f v d k u f o G i f ; vd k u f v k y f a ew<f ? aumif ; vd k u f

wm@S i f ? 'gayr<f h eJ e J a wmh b mrS e f ; rod b l ; ? ab;csif ; apmif ; _yD ; rsuf E S m csif ;
qd k i f v d k ; 7awmh tm;yg;w7awmh raqmif h 7 bl ; aygh ? 'grd k h eJ e J y J a umif ; ae
wmaygh ? ol v J tm;r7bl ; eJ h w l y gw<f ? usrud k ol h u d k < f v H k ; eJ h w G e f ; vd k u f
awmh usryufvufvefoGm;w<fqdk7ifbJ ol usrudk<fay:rSmvdkufarSmuf
_yD ; usraygif E S p f c k j um; ol h a _cES p f a csmif ; xm;_yD ; vk y f _ yef w <f ?
ol h 7 J h v D ; [m @G J h a ewJ h u srapmuf z k w f x J u d k wxpf _ yD ; wxpf w d k ; 0if
vdkuf| _yefxGufoGm;vdkufeJh ckeifuxufydkaumif;vmw<f? olhvD;uvnf;
aqmif h v d k u f 7 if tqH k ; txd 0 if v mw<f ? 'D v d k t csuf E S p f q <f a vmuf
aqmifh7if;u 7yfem;vdkufawmh usrpdk;7drfoGm;rdw<f? 'gayr<fh udk<fawmf
acsmav;u ol h [ mjuD ; ud k r ES K yf a o;bJ usraygif u d k q G J r _yD ; axmif v d k u f
w<f ? ol u 'l ; ES p f z uf a xmuf _ yD ; axmif x m;wJ h u sraygif u d k x d e f ; _yD ;
vk y f _ yef y gw<f ? ustzk w f [ m yd k _ yJ o G m ;_yD ; ol h v D ; [mvnf ; yd k 0 if v m
ygw<f ?
ol h a qmif h c suf [ mvnf ; yd k x d a 7muf w <f ? ol h q D ; cH k e J h u srqD ; cH k [ m
xdrduyfrdw<f? aumif;vGef;vdkhusrav aygifawGudkum;_yD; apmufzkwfudk
tpG r f ; uk e f _ zJ x m;ay;vd k u f r d w <f ? ol u vnf ; cyf r S e f r S e f a qmif h v d k u f |
tm;uk e f y pf a qmif h v d k u f e J h a e7mu wtm;zd a qmif h c suf _ ref _ ref v mw<f ?

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usr tm;rvd k t m;r7_zpf v m_yD ; ol a qmif h v d k u f w d k i f ; zif u d k a rmuf a rmuf

ay;vd k u f w <f ? apmuf z k w f x J r S m w@G @ G _ zpf v m_yD ; tajumawG w if ; 7mu
"gwfvdkufovdk qefhiifqefhiif_zpfoGm;_yD; avmujuD;udkarha_rmoGm;atmif
ud k a umif ; oG m ;w<f ? ol h v D ; uvnf ; wqwf q wf e J h ok w f 7 nf a wG y ef ; xG u f
_yD ; usrud k w tm;zuf _ yD ; zd u yf v d k u f y gawmh w <f ?
usrvif 7 uwnf ; u tck w cgbJ vd k ; 7wJ h t 7om7J h w if ; _ynf h
usyf _ ynf h t 7omud k 7awmh w <f ? aumif ; vG e f ; vd k h usrol h u d k w tm;zuf
xm;_yD ; rS d e f ; aerd w <f ? ol h c _rmawmh aqmif h 7 vG e f ; vd k h x if y g7J h ? arm[d k u f
aeyH k y gbJ ? usrud k < f a y:rS m bJ rS d e f ; aew<f ? aemuf r S usrud k < f a y:u
av#mqif ; oG m ;w<f ? usrab;rS m bJ yuf v uf a rS ; _yD ; arS ; aew<f ?
rD ; uawmh ck x d v if ; rvmao;bl ; aygh ? usrvnf ; ol h u d k wG < f w moG m ;rd
w<f ? 'geJ h w <k w < vuf e J h [ k d y G w f o nf y G w f p rf ; 7if ; u ol h t ay:yd k i f ; ud k
rd k ; _yD ; ezl ; av;ud k juif e mpG m erf ; vd k u f w <f ? aemuf ol h y g;av;ud k v nf ;
ar$ ; vd k u f w <f ? ol u usrausmud k o d k i f ; zuf x m;w<f ? usrt7J p G e f h _ yD ;
ol h E S K wf c rf ; ud k tompk y f j unf h r d w <f ? ud k < f u terf ; cH 7 wmu
t7omwrsd K ;| ck u d k < f u erf ; junf h a wmh t7omwrsd K ;7_yef w <f ?
usr ol h E S K wf c rf ; ud k p k y f 7 muae ol h y g;pyf x J v #mxd k ; xnf h v d k u f _ yD ;
ol h v #meJ h vH k ; axG ; yG w f j unf h r d w <f ? ud k < f w G i f ; rS m wzsOf ; zsOf ; eJ h qEN a wG

31

_yef w uf v mw<f ? ol h v uf u usrausm_yif u d k t omyG w f a y;ae7mu

vuf w zuf u usr7J h v uf w zuf u d k v mud k i f _ yD ; atmuf y d k i f ; wae7mud k
yd k h v d k u f w <f ? cyf a ysmh a ysmh t acsmif ; av;wck usrvuf e J h t k y f r d w <f ?
usr eJ e J w G e f h o G m ;w<f ? vD ; qd k w m 'gud k ; ? td r f a xmif u scJ h a yr<f h
usra<muf s m;7J h v D ; ud k ud k i f b d k h a eaeomom| ususeeud k r_rif c J h 7 bl ; ?
ck a wmh usrvuf 0 g;atmuf r S m a7muf a e_yD ? usrud k a umif ; apwJ h [ mud k
usrud k i f w G < f j unf h c sif w <f a ygh ?
'geJ h cyf a _z;a_z;vuf x J r S m ud k i f p rf ; junf h w <f ? cyf a ysmh a ysmh
tom;acsmif ; bJ ? ta7cG H t ay:u zH k ; xm;ovd k b J ? xd y f e m;rS m tif r wef
Ek a ewJ h t om;bJ ? tJ ' D t om;yd k i f ; rS m txpf u av;_zpf a eygvm;? usr
txuf a tmuf y G w f o yf v d k u f a wmh aysmh a e7muae abmvH k ; avrS K wf v d k u f
ovd k eJ e J r wf v mw<f ? rmvnf ; rmvmw<f ? tom tacsmif ; vd k u f
qk y f _ yD ; txuf a tmuf y G w f w d k u f a y;vd k u f a wmh yd k _ yD ; rmvmw<f ?
olvJ vl;vGefhvmw<f? av#mwdkufay;wm cyf_ref_refvkyfav| oltacsmif;
u yd k _ yD ; rmvmw<f ? usrpd w f a wG v nf ; yd k _ yD ; xvmw<f ? ol [ m usr
_ref _ ref v k y f a y;awmh tawmf u d k v l ; vG e f h a eayr<f h usrvuf a nmif ; wmeJ h
usrvuf _yef @ k y f o d r f ; vd k u f w <f ?
'D a wmh ol h v uf u usrtzk w f u d k v mES d K uf _ yef v d k h usryuf v uf

32

tdyf_yD; wa@Gha@GhwufvmwJhqENudk rSdef;aevdkufw<f? usra_canmif;wmeJh

auG ; axmif x m;wJ h n ma_ctauG ; atmuf u d k o l h a _cwacsmif ; wd k ; 0if v mvd k h
usr tomray;vd k u f w <f ? usra_caxmuf u d k ol t ay:qG J w if x m;_yD ;
usrem;wd k ; uyf v d k u f a wmh usrol h b uf u d k a usmay;apmif ; vd k u f w <f ?
usrzif a tmuf y d k i f ; qD ol h a tmuf y d k i f ; wd k ; 0if v mw<f ? ol u apmif ; uyf
vm_yD ; usrb<f a _cay:ud k ol h n ma_causmf 0 if v d k u f a wmh awmif a ewJ h
vD ; [m zif a tmuf y d k i f ; uae tzk w f e m;uyf v mw<f ? usrb<f a _cud k
auG ; _yD ; apmif ; ay;vd k u f w J h t cg ol h v D ; pm usrapmuf a cgif ; 0ud k wd k ; 0if
vmw<f? usrEdkhudk aemufuaeyGwfacs7if; olhvD;udkw7pfcsif;oGif;w<f?
'D w cg 0if y H k u tqef ; qd k a wmh wrsd K ;aumif ; ae_yef w <f ? usrck r S
owd x m;rd w <f ? vd k ; wm rsuf E S m csif ; qd k i f r S r [k w f b J aemuf u aevJ
vd k ; vd k h 7 oud k ; ? usrzif u d k a umh a y;vd k u f a wmh pG y f u eJ t qH k ; xd 0 if o G m ;
yga7mvm;? 'guvJ ouf o uf o momeJ h aumif ; oud k ; ? tif ; ck r S
trS w f 7 rd a wmh w <f ? usrwd k h u xd e f c if ; oG m ;juwk e f ; u Z7yf a y:rS m pH k w G J
wcsd K h [ m 'D e nf ; eJ h t vk y f _ zpf j uwmud k ; ? apmif x l x l _ cKH r d e f ; uav;u
a<muf s m;buf zif a y;td y f | at;w<f csrf ; w<f q d k _ yD ; zif u a<muf s m;
aygif _ cH b uf u d k w d k ; _yD ; tomaemuf o G i f ; _yD ; rS apmif _ yif o vd k tanmif ;
qef h o vd k e J h qG J v S K yf ' D v S K yf e J h toG i f ; txk w f v k y f j uaygh ? tif ; ck v uf a wG h
juH K rS 'if ; wd k h w awG vl x J r S m rod a tmif v d k ; juwmud k ; vd k h usrvd k r od a o;

33

wJhvlawGuawmh b<f7dyfrdyghrvJ? olwdkhuawmh Zdrfusvdkh? wcsdKhrsm;av

at;vdkufwm at;vdkufwmeJh wkefrsm;aejuao;? tJ'g _yD;cgeD; wufokwf
@k d u f w mud k ; ? tif ; aumif ; juyg| aumif ; juyg? ol w d k h a umif ; enf ; u
ck r S usraumif ; 7awmh w <f ? usrzif a emuf u zif o m;csd K if h 0 if o G m ;atmif
zd z d x J h _ yD ; aqmif h a y;awmh aumif ; vd k u f w m@S i f ?
tJ'DvdkzdwGef;ae7mu usrauG;xm;wJha_cu wcgawmhqefhoGm;_yD;
usrarS m uf 7 uf _ zpf o G m ;w<f ? ol u vJ uyf a !S m if h 7 if ; u usrtay:rS m bJ
xyf 7 uf y d u svmw<f ? 'gayr<f h v D ; u 'pf a vmuf b J 0 if a wmh w <f ?
usrzifudkeJeJarmufayr<fh vD;tukefr0ifbl;? eJeJvnf; anmif;vmw<f?
ol v J tm;r7wmeJ h usrud k < f a y:xxd k i f w <f ? usrvnf ; tm;<l _ yD ;
xrvd k h zif u d k a rmuf v d k u f w <f ? usrav;buf u k e f ; 7uf _ zpf a ewk e f ;
ol u toif h ' l ; axmuf a e7mu usrtzk w f u d k ol h v D ; eJ h a wh v d k u f w <f ?
usr'Dtwdkif;_idrfaevdkufawmh usrtuGJajumif;xJ olhvD;uwdk;0ifvmw<f?
a[m acG ; awG v d k v J v d k ; vd k h 7 _yef w <f v d k h usrtod w ck w d k ; vm_yef _ yD a ygh ?
ol h v D ; ud k apmuf a ph e J h w d k u f _ yD ; tqH k ; txd 0 if o G m ;w<f ?
om;td r f a wmif 'k w f u eJ a xmuf a o;w<f ? usratmif h o G m ;vd k h wk e f h u eJ
_zpf o G m ;vd k h ol u w0uf t omES K yf v d k u f _ yD ; a_z;a_z;oG i f ; a_z;a_z;xk w f
vkyfay;w<f? 'Dawmhvnf; aumif;vm_yefygw<f? usrvJ udk<fa@Shydkif;udk

34

arG h < may:rS m uyf x m;vd k u f a wmh zif y l ; awmif ; axmif a y;ovd k _ zpf a ew<f ?
ol u vD ; ud k x d k ; oG i f ; wJ h t csd e f r S m usruaemuf u d k w G e f ; ay;awmh ol h q D ; cH k [ m
usrapmuf c H k e J h zyf u eJ z yf u eJ v mxyf a wmh w mbJ ? ol h a qmif h c suf a wG [ m
eJ e J _ ref v mw<f ? t7omvnf ; wd k ; vmw<f ? usrapmuf a cgif ; eH 7 H u
tom;Ek a v;awG [ m ol h v D ; wef u d k q k y f q G J a ew<f ? aumif ; vmav
tom;qd k i f a wG u zd q k y f a v? aemuf q H k ; ol w tm;zd a qmif h a wmh usr
ratmif h E d l i f a wmh b J ok w f 7 nf a wG y ef ; xk w f _ yD ; avmujuD ; ud k a rh o G m ;awmh
w<f ? usrowd 7 awmh usruarS m uf 7 uf t ay:rS m ol u vJ a rS m uf 7 uf
zd _ yD ; rS d e f ; aewmawG h 7 w<f ? ol usrtay:uz<f a y;awmh usrarmarmeJ h
wzuf a pmif ; _yD ; td y f a ysmf o G m ;w<f ?
usrEdk;vmawmh reufvif;tm;juD;aygh? ukefcrf;oGm;wJhtm;tifawG
_yef _ ynf h v mawmh v nf ; raeh n u[m owd 7 w<f ? td y f r uf r sm;vm;vd k h
tpu Za0gZ0gxif a yr<f h ud k < f w H k ; vH k ; _zpf a ewJ h u sr7<f | usrab;rS m
wH k ; vH k ; td y f a ewJ h usrwl u d k _ rif a wmh r S wu<f y gvm;vd k h od 7 w<f ?
'Dawmhvnf; usrauseyfrdw<f? usrckawmh eHeuftvif;a7mifatmufrSm
a<mufsm;wa<muf7Jh udk<fvHk;wD;udk_rifae7w<f? raehnu avmujuD;
arh a tmif a umif ; atmif v k y f a y;wm ol y gvm;? aemuf _ yD ; usrqEN
t_ynf h t 0ud k a y;pG r f ; Ed l i f w m [d k [ mjuD ; ygvm;vd k h rsuf 0 g;xif x if
_rif a wG h 7 awmh usrpd w f a wG r @k d ; r@G _ zpf v m_yef w <f ?

35

'D w k e f ; rS m ol v l ; vG e f h w m_rif a wmh usraygif u d k u m;xm;_yD ;

rsuf p d r d S w f _ yD ;

td y f a ysmf a ea<mif _ yKvd k u f w <f ? ol x xd k i f o H j um;7_yD ;

usra_c7if ; yd k i f ; ud k o G m ;wm od 7 w<f ? usraygif u d k c G x d k i f a ewJ h y H k p H r sd K ;?

a[m ol h v D ; ud k usr7J h u G J [ aewJ h t zk w f E S K wf c rf ; rS m av#mwd k u f a ew<f ?
e~d k u rS @ G a eawmh t7nf j unf [ mpd r f h v mw<f ? tJ ' D v d k t xuf a tmuf
yG w f w d k u f a e7mu tayguf 0 rS m awh _ yD ; oG i f ; vk d u f x k w f v d k u f v k y f a wmh
'pf w a_z;a_z;0if v mw<f ? aemuf o G i f ; vd k u f x k w f v d k u f e J h vD ; w0uf 0 if v m
w<f ? usrtzk w f u aumif ; aeawmh ol h v D ; 0if z d k h t 7nf a wG u wpd r f h p d r f h
ay;aew<f ? eH 7 H u d k t om;Ek a wG u wd k ; 0if y G w f w d k u f v d k u f a umif ; vd k u f
ta7upd r f h v d k u f | a[m ck q d k vD ; wacsmif ; vH k ; 0if o G m ;_yD ; oG i f ; vd k u f
xk w f v d k u f v k y f a e7mu 7yf y pf v d k u f w <f ?
aemuf ol h v D ; ud k E S K wf y pf v d k u f _ yef w <f ? _yD ; rsm;oG m ;vd k h v m;|
[k w f r <f r xif y gbl ; ? usrquf a pmif h a ew<f ? ol h a _cES p f a csmif ;
usra_cESpfacsmif;jum;rSmxm;_yD;

0rf;vsm;arSmuf7if;

ol h v D ; ud k _ yef o G i f ; w<f x if y g7J h ? ol h v D ; usrtzk w f E S K wf c rf ; ud k rxd w xd

_zpf a ew<f ? vD ; xd y f [ mtuG J a jumif ; eJ h w J h a wmh r S xd k ; zd w <f ? tacgif ; xJ
r0if b J tuG J a jumif ; wav#muf a csmf o G m ;w<f ? txuf z uf _ yef x d k ; vm
_yD ; rS tacgif ; 0xJ w d k ; 0if v mw<f ? wa@G h a @G h 0 if 7 if ; u ol h q D ; cH k [ m
usrapmuf c H k a y: vmxyf r d w <f ? ig;csuf a vmuf 0if v d k u f x G u f v d k u f

36

vk y f _ yD ; rS ol h w ud k < f v H k ; usrtay:rS m zd x m;w<f ? usrem,;em;

uyf _ yD ; awmh - aumif ; 7J h v m;- -
tif ; - -
usrtd y f c sif a <mif a qmif a ewm ol o d w mud k ; ?
yd k a umif ; csif 7 if usaemh f c g;ud k a':av;a_cES p f a csmif ; eJ h
od k i f ; csd w f v d k u f - -
'D v d k v m;- -
tif ; - -
uJ - -raumif ; bl ; vm;
tif ; - -

37

aumif ; w<f v d k h a_ymyg

aumif ; ygw<f a wmf
nwk e f ; ua7m- -
aumif ; w<f ?
t_rJ a umif ; atmif vk y f a y;r<f a emf
awmf y g- -
awmf r aeygeJ h ? t_rJ y gqd k - -uJ uJ
tarh - -tarh
emovm;
[if h t if ; - -

38

'g_zif h bmvd k h a tmf v J

aumif ; vd k h - -
'D v d k v m;- -uJ uJ
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td - -tJ - -aqmif h - -_ref _ ref - -tif ; - -tm;- -aumif ; - -trav;
aumif ; vd k u f w m- -zd u yf x m;- -xm;- -tm; tm;- -tif ;
aemuf 7 uf a wG r S m awmh ol e J h u sr[m rjumc^ usra<muf s m;
vpf w d k i f ; vk y f j uw<f a ygh ? wcgwav rwf w yf | wcgwav xd k i f 7 uf
pH k w G J v d k b J a ygh ? ae7mvnf ; pH k v d k h a ygh ? vpf 7 if v pf w J h a e7mrS m _zpf v d k u f j u
wmbJ ? a7csd K ;cef ; | rD ; zd k | td r f o mxJ y grusef b J vk y f y grsm;awmh v nf ;
waeh usrvif u 7d y f r d o G m ;7mu usrud k a pmif ; yg7d y f a _ca_ymyga7m?
aemuf wl a wmf a rmif u d k ol h r d b qD _ yef y d k h a wmh usreJ h p um;rsm;juawmh
wmygbJ ? usrvnf ; usrod u Q m xd c d k u f w <f q d k _ yD ; rd b qD u d k x G u f v mcJ h
wmaygh ? ck ol e J h r awG h 7 wmjum_yD r d k h usrtzd k h a wmh Ek H E H k e J h a ygh ? pd w f a _y
vuf a ysmuf q d k usrnD r ausmif ; yd k h a usmif ; jud K vd k u f w <f a ygh ? wnae

39

ausmif ; u_yef v mawmh usr um;aemuf y d k i f ; rS m td y f a ysmf v mw<f ?

nu t7if t ajumif ; awG p Of ; pm;rd w meJ h td y f r aysmf b J noH k ; em7D a vmuf r S
tdyfaysmf| reuf(7)em7Davmufx7awmh tdyfa7;ysufwmeJh naeausmif;u
_yefvmawmh tdyfidkuf7if;eJhtdyfaysmfoGm;w<faygh? b<ftcsdefu tdrfa7muf
aevJ r od y gbl ; ? 'geJ h Ed k ; awmh rsuf a ph z G i f h v d k u f a wmh usrum;ul @ S i f a y:rS m
avsmif ; 7uf td y f a ysmf o G m ;wmud k ; ?
'geJ h td y f c sif r l ; wl ; eJ h x _yD ; um;wH c g;zG i f h a wmh r <f t vk y f vm;vm;
usr@k w f w 7uf a jumif o G m ;w<f ? bmrsm;ygvd r f h v d k h rsuf p d y G w f v d k u f a wmh
rvS r f ; rurf ; rS m um;rS e f x J u ae_rif a e7w<f ? usrvJ aoaocsmcsm
junf h v d k u f a wmh aygif E S p f v H k ; u txuf a xmif x m;vd k h ? aygif 7 J h c G q H k r S m u
apmuf z k w f | apmuf z k w f t uG J x J u vD ; u0if v d k h ? a[mawmh vd k ; aeju
wmygvm;? usrrvSKyf7Jawmhbl;? zifESpfck| aygifav;acsmif;| apmufzkwfxJ
ud k vD ; u0if v d k u f x G u f v d k u f ? 'gbJ usr_rif 7 w<f ? b<f o l e J h b <f o l
qd k w muawmh usrua_c7if ; yd k i f ; uqd k a wmh rod b l ; aygh ?
_rifuGif;uawmh odyfaumif;aygh@Sif? tay:uvlu zdzdaqmifhvdkuf
atmuf u vl u aumh a umh a y;vd k u f y H k | aygif u d k _ zJ _ zJ a y;vd k u f y H k | vD ; 0if
oG m ;awmh apmuf z k w f E S K wf c rf ; u csd K if h 0 if o G m ;_yD ; vD ; _yef x k w f v d k u f a wmh
apmuf z k w f E S K wf c rf ; om;awG u vD ; eJ h u yf _ yD ; t_yif y gvmeJ h tao;pd w f

40

_rif a e7wmaygh ? usr7J h r sd K od y f x m;wJ h q EN a wG [ mvnf ; w@S d e f @ S d e f e J h w uf

aew<f a ygh ? vD ; [m apmuf z k w f x J 0 if v d k u f x G u f v d k u f v k y f w m[m
wa_z;a_z;_ref v mw<f ? usrvJ ud k < f h t zk w f u d k < f u d k i f r d a wmh ta7awG
vJhaew<faygh? 'geJhtomyGwfay;awmh aumif;aew<faygh? a[m atmufu
[mu wG e f h v d e f o G m ;w<f ? _yD ; oG m ;w<f x if y g7J h ? a[m tay:uvl u d k
ol _ yD ; oG m ;vd k h tz<f c d k i f ; _yD ; xw<f ? a[m [d k v l u '@k d i f b mbJ ? 'g_zif h
b<folhudkvdk;wmygvdrfh? '@kdifbmeJhuG<faevdkh cHwJhaumifr r_rif7ao;bl;?
a[m x_yD ; xG u f o G m ;_yD ? a[mawmh ol ol ol usrnD r
ygvm;? usrr<H k E d l i f b J ajumif a erd w <f ? b<f a vmuf t xd a i;ajumif
aerd o vJ q d k 7 if '@k d i f b mwH c g;zG i f h _ yD ; usrud k a jumif j unf h a eawmh r S
usrvJ um;xJ u xG u f z d k h j ud K ;pm;ygw<f ? 'gayr<f h ' @k d i f b m[m txJ
a7muf v m_yD ; usrud k w G e f ; vS J v d k u f _ yD ; usraygif j um;xJ ol h u d k < f v H k ; juD ;
a7muf v mw<f ? usrjud K ;pm;@k e f ; ayr<f h tm;csif ; rr#wmu wajumif ; |
ck e u_rif u G i f ; u pd w f a rmapawmh vl y garmae_yef a wmh tm;xk w f _ yD ;
r@kef;uefEdlifbJ_zpfaew<f? tm;@Sdor#cspf@kef;7if;u olhpdk@$Jwkef;@SdwJhvD;[m
usr7J h t a7vJ h p apmuf z k w f r S m vmawh r d a wmh w <f ? ol h ' pf u pG w f u eJ
tzkwfuGJxJrSmvnf;_rKyfa7m| "gwfvdkufovdkygbJ? usrvJ _idrfoGm;rdw<f?
zd k " gwf r "gwf [ m 'D v d k b J v m;rod y gbl ; ?

41

a[m ck q d k usr_id r f v d k h r S rd e pf 0 uf r a7muf a o;bl ; ? 0if v d k u f

xG u f v d k u f e J h vD ; [m usrtzk w f x J w0uf a usmf a usmf 0 if a eyg_yD ?
vD ; 0if v mw<f q d k 7 if b J ck e if u _rif u G i f ; wk e f ; ut_rif a jumif h tp_yKaewJ h
qEN [ m w@S d e f @ S d e f e J h w uf v m_yD ; aumif ; vmawmh w mygbJ ? apmuf z k w f r sm;
uvnf ; aumif ; vm_yD q d k a wmh vl u d k r S d e f ; aeapawmh w <f a ygh ? usr_id r f a e
w<f q d k 7 if b J ol h v D ; [m wa@G h a @G h w d k ; 0if v m_yD ; wacsmif ; vH k ; 0if v d k u f
xGufvdkufvkyfaeawmhwmygbJ? usrowdxm;rdwmu olhvD;[m usrwl7Jh
vD;xufwkwf_yD; eJeJ@SnfyHk7w<f? usrapmufacgif;eH7HawGudk ydk_yD;yGwfwdkuf
aew<f? olu_yD;awmh vkyfyHkydkurf;yHk7w<f? olhvD;[m 'Dtwdkif;r0ifbl;?
ar$ ; 7rf ; _yD ; 0if a wmh usr[m cgwd k i f ; cH 7 wmxuf y d k a umif ; _yD ; ol p vd k ; vd k h r S
od y f r jumcif apmuf a cgif ; [mw@G @ G _ zpf v m_yD ; ol h v D ; ud k p k y f < l o vd k
wqwf q wf v k y f 7 if ; ta7awG y ef ; xk w f _ yD ; usr_yD ; oG m ;ygw<f ?
'D a wmh r S o l v J av;ig;csuf q if h a qmif h _ yD ; ol h t a7awG y ef ; xk w f
vd k u f w <f ? ol x oG m ;awmh usrrS d e f ; _yD ; usef a ecJ h w <f ? usrrS d e f ; 7mu
owd 7 vd k h vl ; vJ x awmh um;xJ r S m r@S d a wmh b l ; ? usrvJ t d r f b uf u d k
td a _EN 7 7av#muf v mcJ h w <f ? aemuf usrtcef ; xJ 0 if _ yD ; td y f y pf v d k u f
w<f ? aemuf w aeh r euf ausmif ; vd k u f y d k h a wmh usr'@k d i f b mud k 7J 7 J
rjunf h 7 J b l ; aygh ? usrnD r eJ h ' @k d i f b muawmh raeh u bmrS r _zpf o vd k b J ?
aemuf a wmh v nf ; aeom;usoG m ;awmh usrvJ 7J v mw<f a ygh ?

42

'geJ h ausmif ; yd k h _ yD ; _yef a wmh aps;ud k 0 if _ yD ; 0<f p 7m@S d w mav;awG

w<f a ygh ? usraps;0<f _ yD ; um;buf _ yef v mawmh um;em;rS m vl w a<muf
7yf a e_yD ; usrwd k h ' @k d i f b meJ h p um;a_ymaew<f ? usrvJ trS K rJ h t rS w f r J h
um;xJ 0 if x d k i f r <f v k y f r S vl @ G < f h r suf E S m ud k taotcsmjunf h v d k u f r d w <f ?
tJ ' D a wmh r S usra<muf s m;7J h w l _ zpf a ewmud k ; ? 'D a wmh u srvJ 0rf ; omtm;7
ES K wf q uf v d k u f w <f ?
[J h armif o ef ; ? b<f u ae b<f a 7muf a evJ
uef a wmf ck ' D _ rd K h ud p P e J h v mwm
b<f r S m wnf ; vJ
b<f r S m 7<f v d k h a wmh r@S d a o;bl ; aygh ? ck r euf r S a 7muf w m
'g_zif h 'd k h q D v d k u f w nf ; aygh
tm;emp7m
tH r <f wpd r f ; usaewmbJ ? vm- -um;ay:wuf

43

'geJ h r if ; ud k w k w f e J h o d o vm;
rod b J @S d y gh r vm;? usaemf w d k h e J h trsd K ;eJ e J a wmf a o;wmbJ ?
t7if usaemf w d k h q D r S m aeoG m ;wm
[k w f v m;? aumif ; wmaygh
'D v d k e J h wl a wmf a rmif usrwd k h t d r f r S m wnf ; cd k w <f a ygh ? td r f u vl
juD ; awG u vnf ; usra<muf s m;7J h w l q d k a wmh ysLysLiS m iS m bJ a ygh ?
usreJ h u yf 7 uf t cef ; rS m bJ td y f < m_yif a y;w<f a ygh ? naenD r ausmif ; u
_yef v mawmh v nf ; rd w f q uf a y;awmh vl i <f c sif ; cif r if o G m ;juw<f a ygh ?
nusawmh (9)em7D y G J @ k y f @ S i f o G m ;junf h j uw<f a ygh ? t~F v d y f u m;qd k a wmh
erf ; wmawG trsd K ;rsd K ;_rif 7 w<f a ygh ? aemuf _ yD ; wl a wmf a rmif e J h u sreJ h
uyf x d k i f w <f a yg? ol h v uf [ mvnf ; usraygif u d k t omyG w f a y;aemuf
apmuf z k w f u d k y G w f a wmh b<f a eEd l i f r vJ @ S i f ? t7nf j unf a wmif pd r f h v m
w<f a ygh ?
@k y f @ S i f u _yef v mjuw<f q d k 7 if ud k < f h t cef ; ud k < f 0 if _ yD ; rD ; rS d w f
td y f j uw<f a ygh ? usrrD ; rS d w f _ yD ; rS taygh o G m ;csif w meJ h td r f o mbuf u d k
xGufcJhrdw<f? tdrfomu a7csdK;cef;xJrSmbJvkyfxm;awmh a7csdK;cef;bufudk

44

vm7w<f a ygh ? a7csd K ;cef ; em;a7muf a wmh a7csd K ;cef ; rD ; zG i f h x m;wmud k

tayguf i <f a v;wck u rD ; a7mif a v;_zmxG u f a ewmud k a wG h 7 awmh
wa<muf a <muf txJ r S m @S d a ewmvm;? 'grS r [k w f rD ; zG i f h _ yD ; ryd w f b J
xm;wmvm;qd k w m rod b l ; aygh ? usrvnf ; wa_z;a_z;uyf o G m ;awmh
vl o H v d k a _coH v d k j um;wmeJ h wa<muf a <muf a wmh @ S d a ewmbJ q d k _ yD ;
apmif h a erd w <f ? apmif h a ewk e f ; _yG w f u eJ q d k w J h t oH o J h o J h j um;7awmh
usrvnf ; bmrsm;vJ q d k _ yD ; rD ; a7mif x G u f a ewJ h t ayguf u av;uae
twG i f ; xJ a csmif ; junf h v d k u f w <f ? a[mawmh ?
usr_zifh tHhtm;oifhrdoGm;w<f? naeurSawGh_yD; ckawmhjunfhprf;?
ES p f a <muf p vH k ; ud k < f w H k ; vH k ; eJ h ? rwf w yf z uf _ yD ; wOD ; eJ h w OD ; yG w f o yf a e
juw<f ? usr atmuf y d k i f ; qD j unf h r d w <f ? tr<f yl ; vd k u f u yf v d k u f e J h
a!Smifhaejuwm;udk;? vD;uapmufzkwfxJ tcsufusus0ifvdkufxGufvdkuf
eJ h ? a[m- -tck q d k _ ref v m_yD ; wtm;zuf a eju_yD ? ES p f O D ; vH k ; 7J h w if y g;cG u f
awG [ m csd K if h 0 if o G m ;_yD ; a[m wtm;zuf _ yD ; armaejuw<f ? a[m
ES p f O D ; om; cG m vd k u f j uw<f ? vD ; u _yG w f u eJ _ yKwf x G u f _ yD ; aysmh a e_yD b J ?
ES p f O D ; om; w<k w <erf ; 7if ; u usrnD r u t0wf t pm;awG _ yef 0 wf _ yD ;
t_yif u d k x G u f v mawmh usrarS m if 7 d y f r S m cd k a evd k u f w <f ? ol h t cef ; buf
ok w f o D ; ok w f _ ymxG u f o G m ;vd k h usrud k r _rif b l ; ? usrnD r vnf ; r@S d a 7m
usrvnf ; a7csd K ;cef ; xJ 0 if v d k u f w <f ?

45

armif a v;- -rif ; b<f h E S < f v k y f w mvJ

cif A sm
ck r S cif A smraeygeJ h ? naeurS awG h j uw<f ? ck a wmh [if ;
igav a_ymvd k u f 7
a':av;uvJ ? a'gocsnf ; bJ ? a':av;nD r eJ h u 7D ; pm;_zpf a ewm
jumvS _ yD ? a':av;wd k h r~F v mraqmif c if u wnf ; u
usr awG o G m ;w<f ? tJ ' D t csd e f r S m ol usrem;uyf v m_yD ;
usrud k w<k w <ud k i f w G < f y G w f o yf a eygw<f ? @k y f @ S i f @ k H u t@S d e f | ck e if u
_rif 7 wJ h t @S d e f a wG a jumif h usrpd w f a wG [ mr@k d ; r@G _ zpf a eawmh usr_id r f a e
rd w <f ? usr_id r f a eawmh ol u vm_yD ; usrt0wf a wG u d k c wf w <f a ygh ?
usrvnf ; ud k < f v H k ; wD ; _zpf o G m ;awmh ol h u d k < f v H k ; wD ; eJ h y l ; uyf v d k u f w <f ?
tom;csif ; zd u yf v d k u f a wmh 7ruf a wG [ m yd k v mw<f ? usr ol h [ mud k
ud k i f r d w <f ? a7aq;xm;awmh at;puf p uf a ysmh a cG a cG _ zpf a ew<f ?
ck e if u rwf w yf v k y f x m;awmh tm;aysmh a ew<f e J h w l w <f ? awmf a wmf e J h
rrmvmbl ; ?

46

olu usrem;em;rSm wdk;wdk;av;a_ymw<f? olh[mudkqGay;zdkhaygh?

'geJ h u srvnf ; qk y f u d k i f a v#mwd k u f a y;w<f ? eJ e J b J r mvmw<f ? usrvnf ;
raeEd l i f a wmh b k l ; ? atmuf u d k a v#m_yD ; xd k i f v d k u f _ yD ; ol h i yJ u d k usrEd k h E S p f v H k ;
jum;rS m xm;_yD ; Ed k h o m;eJ h y G w f a y;w<f ? 'gvnf ; aumif ; aumif ; rrmcsif
ao;bl ; ? 'D v d k v k y f 7 av usrpd w f a wG _ yif ; xef v mavbJ ? pd w f u _yif ; xef
vmawmh teD ; uyf t m;ygw7_rif c sif w meJ h atmuf r S m 'l ; wk y f x k d i f _ yD ;
usrrsuf E S m em;uyf _ yD ; usryG w f a csay;w<f a ygh ? 'D a wmh v nf ; 7ruf q EN
awG u yd k _ yif ; vm_yef w <f ?
olhvD;udk usryg;_yifrSmvSdrfhjunfhw<f? 'Dawmholu usraemufaph
udkolhvufeJhudkifxdef;_yD; olhvD;eJhusryg;pyfeJhawhay;w<f? 7rufqENawGu
_yif ; awmh usrrwm;qD ; rd b l ; ? usrES K wf c rf ; eJ h ol h r aysmh w aysmh | rrmh w rm
vD;[m vmxdw<f? usrraeEdlifbJ v#meJh7ufvdkufawmh vD;uqwfueJ
rmvmw<f ? usrxyf 7 uf v d k u f a wmh awmif _ yD ; xvmw<f ? usru
ol h v D ; 'pf u d k ES K wf c rf ; ES p f c k j um;rS m iH k v d k u f a wmh ol h v D ; [mw@S d e f @ S d e f e J h
rmvmawmh w <f ? ol u a@S h w d k ; aemuf i if v k y f a wmh usryg;pyf u d k v d k ; ovd k
_zpf a ewmaygh ? usrvnf ; v#meJ h 0if v mwJ h v D ; ud k 7pf y wf p k y f v d k u f a wmh
ol w G e f h v d e f a ew<f ? aemuf usrud k w m;vd k u f w <f ?
_yD ; awmh tem;rS m @S d a ewJ h a cG ; a_cud k < l _ yD ; usrud k a 7csd K ;cef ; eH 7 H

47

tem;rS m xd k i f c d k i f ; w<f ? usrcyf r S D r S D x d k i f v d k u f a wmh usr7J h E S K wf c rf ; ud k e rf ;

w<f ? aemuf Ed k h u d k p d k h a y;w<f ? aemuf a wmh o l [ m atmuf u d k w a@G h a @G h
qif ; _yD ; erf ; w<f ? Ad k u f o m;av;awG eS K wf c rf ; eJ h y G w f v d k u f | v#meJ h 7 uf v d k u f
usrawmh r S d e f ; _yD ; Zd r f @ S d @ S d c H a erd w <f ? usrqD ; pyf u d k o l e rf ; awmh usrwm;
ygao;w<f ? 'gayr<f h o l u ZG w f e rf ; awmh usrvuf a v#mh v d k u f 7 ygw<f ?
aemuf a wmh ol r suf E S m [m usraygif j um;rS m a7muf a e_yD ;
olhv#m[m usrtzkwf&JhtuGJajumif;wav#muf7ufae_yD; apmufaphav;udk
v#mxd y f e J h x d k ; uvd a wmh usrwG e f h v d e f a e7ygawmh w <f ? vD ; eJ h x d k ; _yD ;
vd k ; 7wmuvnf ; t7om@S d w mygbJ ? ck v #meJ h apmuf z k w f w ck v H k ; 7uf v d k u f
xd k ; vd k u f v k y f a e_yef a wmh v nf ; t7omwrsd K ;ygbJ ? td k 'D v d k v k y f a e7mu
ol 7 yf v d k u f _ yD ; rwf w yf x vd k u f w <f ? aemuf jud K ;wef ; ay:uvH k c sD < l _ yD ;
cif ; vd k u f w <f ? usrud k yuf v uf t d y f a pw<f ? usryuf v uf t d y f a wmh
usrrsuf E S m ay: ol h a ygif c G _ yD ; ol h a cgif ; u usraygif j um;xJ a e7m<l v d k u f
w<f ? aemuf tzk w f u d k 7 uf a y;_yef w <f ? usrvnf ; usrrsuf E S m ay:
0J a ewJ h o l h v D ; ud k qG J < l _ yD ; pk y f v d k u f w <f ?
olhv#mu 'vjurf;usrtuGJajumif;udkyGwfacsay;awmh usrvnf;
ol h v D ; ud k wtm;uk e f p k y f < l _ yD ; v#meJ h u vd a y;vd k u f w <f ? usraygif E S p f _ crf ;
ud k wtm;_zJ a y;vd k u f a wmh ol h v #mu yG w f t m;pk y f t m;aumif ; vmw<f ?

48

usrqEN a wG v nf ; w[k e f x d k ; wuf v m_yD ; tajumawG w ppf p pf _ zpf v m_yD ;

aemuf q H k ; ta7awG y ef ; xk w f _ yD ; wtD ; tD ; eJ h t oH a wG x G u f _ yD ; _yD ; oG m ;7
awmh w <f ? usrZd r f c H r d a wmh ol h q EN u d k t 0r_znf h 7 awmh ol u r_yD ; bJ
wef ; vef ; _zpf a ew<f a yg?
'geJ h u srvnf ; ol h v D ; ud k _ yef _ yD ; wtm;pk y f a y;awmh ol u
txuf a tmuf a !S m if h v mw<f ? usrvnf ; usrES k w f c rf ; ud k w tm;pk _ yD ;
ol h v D ; ud k z d a y;vd k u f w <f ? v#meJ h ' pf u d k 7 uf v d k u f e J h v k y f 7 mu ol v nf ;
taqmif h _ ref v m_yD ; wAsif ; Asif ; eJ h o k w f a 7awG usryg;pyf x J y ef ; xk w f
vd k u f w <f ? tarma_z_yD ; rS a7aq;_yD ; ud k < f h t cef ; ud k < f _ yef t d y f j uw<f ?
aemufaehjuawmh ausmif;ydkh_yD;t_yef tdrfrSmwlawmfarmifawGhawmh
wcgvk y f j u_yef w <f ? usrvnf ; wl a wmf a rmif u d k ar;prf ; junf h w <f ?
rif ; i<f i <f @ G < f @ G < f e J h 'D y nmawG b <f u wwf v mvJ v d k h ? 'D a wmh o l u
a_ymw<f ? uef a wmh f t ar[m uef a wmf q <f E S p f o m;avmuf r S m qH k ; oG m ;
w<f ? uef a wmf h t arqH k ; wm bmrS r jumao;bl ; ? uef a wmf h t az[m
aemuf t d r f a xmif _ yKvd k u f w <f ? uef a wmf h r d a xG ; u oH k ; q<f a usmf a ygh ?
ol u vnf ; rk q d k ; rbJ ? uav;r@S d b l ; aygh ? 7umpawmh uef a wmf h u d k
rd a xG ; u od y f _ yD ; tav;ray;ygbl ; ? aemuf wvavmuf E S p f v avmuf
jumawmhrS ta7;ay;vmw<f? tpuawmh uefawmfhudkbmvdkhtav;ay;

49

w<f r od b l ; ? aemuf r S uef a wmf o d 7 w<f ? uef a wmf h t azeJ h 7 _yD ; ES p f v

avmuf j umawmh tazu t_rJ v d k b J r l ; aew<f ? rd k ; rvif ; aomuf w <f ?
'D a wmh uef a wmf h r d a xG ; [m usaemf h e m;rS m bJ wyl ; yl ; wwG J w G J u yf a eawmh
wmygbJ ? wcgawmh usaemf h a ygif 7 if ; em;rS m ar$ ; uwf e mayguf y gava7m?
uef a wmf v nf ; aq;rxnf h b J trS K rJ h a eawmh tem7if ; awmh tzsm;0if v m
a7m? uef a wmf h r d a xG ; od o G m ;_yD ; aq;wd k u f | temud k ! S p f b d k h v k y f w <f a ygh ?
tpuawmh _iif ; ygao;w<f ? tazurl ; rl ; eJ h q l a wmh uef a wmf _ id r f a e
vd k u f w <f ?
tem!S p f _ yD ; awmh zef a 7eJ h a q;xnf h w J h t csd e f r S m bJ uef a wmf h t az
aomuf a z:awG u vmac:awmh xG u f v d k u f o G m ;w<f ? 'gqd k aemuf a eh
vif ; rS _ yef v mrS m aygh ? rd a xG ; u zef a 7eJ h a q;vd k u f a wmh usaemf h i yJ e J h
ol h v uf [ m rjumc^vmxd w <f a ygh ? temu!S p f v d k u f a wmh remawmh
bl ; aygh ? 'D a wmh o l h v uf u aygif 7 if ; twG i f ; om;ud k x d u mxd u myG w f a q;
ay;aeawmh usaemh f p d w f a wG w rsd K ;_zpf v mw<f ?
aemuf _ yD ; usaemf o l h u d k i H k h j unf h a wmh ol [ m abmf v D r ygbJ
tay:uvnf 0 d k u f t uF s D u d k 0 wf x m;awmh ol h 7 J h p G i f h u m;aewJ h E d k h E S p f v H k ; ud k v J
_rifae7w<f? usaemhfpdwfawG[m w@Sdef@SdefeJhazguf_yefvmw<f? ydkqdk;vm
wmu usaemf u uk w if a pmif ; rS m xd k i f _ yD ; jurf ; _yif u d k a _ccsxm;w<f ?

50

ol u usaemf h n zrd k ; ay:rS m cG x d k i f _ yD ; zef a q;awmh | usaemh f a _caxmuf

anmif ; vd k h a @$ h a wmh ol h a ygif ~ G q H k u tom;pH k [ uf w uf u d k usaemh f a _creJ h
yG w f r d w <f ? ol u bmrS r _zpf o vd k a eawmh usaemf u a_crud k v S K yf _ yD ;
vk y f r d w <f ? tuG J a jumif ; xJ r S m usaemf h a _crxd y f u prKyf _ yD ; yG w f a wmh
usaemfhiyJ[mvnf; rwfawmif_yD;rmvmw<f? olhvufuvnf; zefraq;
awmhyJ usaemhfrmawmifvmwJhiyJudk yGwfay;aew<f? aemuf vHkcsDjum;u
xkyf_yD; udkifay;w<f? yGwfay;w<f? usaemfuxr<fvkyfawmh usaemfhudk
uk w if a y:wG e f ; vS J _ yD ;

usaemf h t ay:uarS m uf t d y f _ yD ; usaemf h E S K wf c rf ; ud k

vmpk y f w <f ? usaemf u wtm;_yef p k y f v d k u f a wmh - a_z;a_z;omomuG J h - -at; [k w f _ yD ? 'D v d k r S a ygh

aemuf usaemf h v uf u d k q G J < l _ yD ; ol h E d k h a wG a y:wif a y;w<f ?
usaemf u tm;rvd k t m;r7yG w f a csawmh a_z;a_z;omomaygh ? wtm;
yG w f a cs7if emrS m aygh ? [k w f _ yD - -twG i f ; om;yd k i f ; uae t_yif b uf u d k
0d k u f _ yD ; yG w f ? tomyG w f ? [k w f _ yD - -[k w f _ yD ? tif ; - -tif ; tif ;
aemuf o l u yuf v uf v S e f _ yD ; usaemf u ol h t ay:u_yef a rS m uf
7w<f ? csKd c sd K pd k h y gtk e f ; uG < f - -a_z;a_z;aemf - -at; [k w f _ yD ?
v#mxd y f a v;eJ h uvd a etk e f ; ? tif ; - -tif ; aumif ; vd k u f w muG < f ?

51

uef a wmf v nf ; Ed k h p d k h a y;7if ; vuf w zuf u ol h A d k u f o m;yG w f a y;7if ;

apmuf z k w f a y:ud k a v#mvd k u f w <f ? qD ; cH k u d k y G w f a y;awmh ol [ m vl ; vG e f h
vmw<f ? usaemf h v uf c v<f u d k ol h t uG J a jumif ; rS m tvsm;vd k u f y G w f a y;
awmh ta7awGpdkvmw<f? acsmusdacsmusdeJh ydk_yD;udkifvdkhaumif;vmw<f?
ol u aygif _ zJ u m;ay;awmh usaemf h v uf c v<f u d k apmuf a cgif ; 0
uae twG i f ; xJ u d k w a_z;a_z;oG i f ; vd k u f w <f ? apmuf a cgif ; eH 7 H a wG [ m
_AKwf c av;awG v d k b J x if 7 ayr<f h od y f E l ; nH h w mbJ ? usaemh f v D ; uvnf ;
wtm;awmifaeawmh usaemfvJraeEldifawmhbl;? olhaygif_cHrSm0ifarSmuf_yD;
vD ; ud k t ayguf 0 rS m awh _ yD ; zd o G i f ; vd k u f w <f ? vD ; [mAspf u eJ w 0uf a vmuf
wd k ; 0if o G m ;awmh ol u tm;ueJ a tmf _ yD ; usaemf h 7 if b wf u d k q D ; wG e f ; vd k u f
w<f ?
a_z;a_z;oG i f ; 7if 7 w<f ? tuk e f pk w f _ ywf u k e f r S m aygh ? at;
[k w f _ yD ? eJ e J y d k o G i f ; - -[k w f _ yD ? xyf o G i f ; vd k u f t k e f ; ? [k w f _ yD ? _yef x k w f -_yef o G i f ; ? oG i f ; xk w f - -oG i f ; xk w f - -oG i f ; oG i f ; - -zd u yf v d k u f - xk w f _ yD ; w7pf c sif ; _yef o G i f ; ? [k w f _ yD - -a_z;a_z;aqmif h - -[k w f _ yD ?
eJ e J y d k a qmif h - -aqmif h - -aqmif h - -wtm;aqmif h E d l i f _ yD ? wcsuf c sif ;
rS e f r S e f - -[k w f _ yD ? [k w f _ yD ? aumif ; vd k u f w muG < f ? aqmif h - -eJ e J
_ref _ ref a qmif h - -[k w f _ yD - -jud K uf o avmuf a qmif h ? aqmif h y g- -

52

_ref _ ref e J h e memaqmif h - -_ref _ ref a qmif h - -tm; tm;- -tara7 tm;
aumif ; vd k u f w m qd k _ yD ; wG e f h v d e f _ yD ; _id r f o G m ;w<f ? usaemf v nf ;
aqmif h 7 if ; aqmif h 7 if ; vD ; uyl v m_yD ; ok w f 7 nf a wG y ef ; xk w f y pf _ yD ;
olhudkwtm;zufxm;w<f? tJ'Dtcsdefup_yD; oleJhusaemf[m nwdkif;vdkvdkbJ
vk y f j uw<f ? vk y f w J h t cgrS m ol u usaemh f u d k b <f v d k v k y f 7 r<f q d k w m
enf ; _yay;w<f ? oif a y;w<f ? ol q H k ; oG m ;awmh awG h b l ; wJ h a umif r av;
awG u d k ol _ yovd k vk y f j unf h w <f ? tvG < f w ul a tmif _ rif w mud k
awG h 7 w<f ? usaemh f 7 D ; pm;rS e f o r# usaemf v d k ; cJ h o r#[mawG q d k qEN t _ynf h
7juwmcsnf ; bJ ? ck a ':av;a7m- -
[k w f y gowJ @ S i f - -[k w f y gowJ h
'gqd k vD ; ud k x k w f v d k u f w J h t cgrS m yG w f q G J v d k u f a wmh a um
td k od y f a umif ; wmaygh
'D v d k z d o G i f ; vd k u f a wmh a um
aumif ; wmbJ

53

uJ 'g_zif h - -a[m'D v d k a um a[m'D v d k a um

aumif ; aumif ; - -od y f a umif ; vG e f ; w<f ? _yD ; awmh r <f ?
r7yf e J h a emf - -aqmif h aqmif h - -wtm;aqmif h td k t d k - -od y f a umif ;
tif ; tif ; - -_yD ; _yD ; _yD ; _yD - -zd u yf a wmh tif h tif ; - -
usremrnf EG < f E G < f x G e f ; vd k h a c:juygw<f ? usrtarrk q d k ; reJ h
ae7ygw<f ? usrtaru av;q<f a usmf t @G < f a yr<f h ql w H k ; _zd K ;wH k ; rd k h
yd k ; juyef ; jubJ a ygh ? 'D t xJ r S m vl y sd K juD ; ud k w d k ; ud k a wmh usratru
tcG i f h t a7;ay;ygw<f ? usruvJ oabmusygw<f ? 'D v d k e J h wvavmuf
aeawmh ud k w d k ; eJ h u srtar vuf x yf b d k h _ yif q if j uygw<f ? 7uf a wG a @G ; |
uk w if a wG 0 <f | tcef ; awG _ yif | bD ' d k a wG 0 <f a ygh ?
waehrSm usrtJ'Dolwdkhr~Fvmtcef;xJ0ifjunfhaewkef; usrtareJh
ud k w d k ; wd k h v moH j um;vd k h usrvnf ; bmrS e f ; rod a jumuf _ yD ; eD ; 7mt0wf x J h
rwf w yf b D ' d k x J 0 if _ yD ; yk e f ; aevd k u f w <f ? ES p f a <muf o m;tcef ; xJ 0 if v m
wmudk bD'dkucyf[[av;_zpfaevdkh usr_rifae7w<f? txJvJa7mufa7m
udkwdk;u usrtarudkzuferf;w<f? ESKwfcrf;csif;awhpkyfw<f? usrtaru
a7csd K ;rvd k h x if y g7J h ? xrD 7 if v sm;eJ h ? ES K wf c rf ; csif ; tjumjuD ; pk y f a e7mu
ud k w d k ; 7J h v uf [ m usrtar7J h x rD p ud k t oma_z_yD ; ay:vmwJ h E d k h u d k

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tomyG w f a csay;aew<f ? usrtaruawmh rS d e f ; aew<f ? a_yoG m ;wJ h

xrD [ mvJ wa_z;a_z;jurf ; _yif a y:ud k ~G i f ; vH k ; yH k o G m ;awmh usrtar[m
wH k ; vH k ; juD ; _zpf o G m ;w<f ?
usrtarudk 'DwcgbJwHk;vHk;_rifbl;w<f? touf(40)omqdkw<f?
zif o m;juD ; awG [ m vH k ; armuf a ew<f ? Ed k h u vJ wif ; wif ; 7if ; 7if ; bJ
@S d a o;w<f ? 0rf ; Ad k u f o m;av;bJ eJ e J p l a ew<f ? a[m ck q d k 7 if ud k w d k ;
juD ; vJ wH k ; vH k ; _zpf o G m ;_yD a um? tr<f ol h v D ; juD ; u juD ; vd k u f w mygvm;?
usrxifaewmu yJ_rpfavmufyJ@Sdr<fxifwm? ck[mu c7rf;oD;@SnfjuD;
usaewmbJ? a[m'gjuD;u usrtar7JhqD;cHktxufem;rSm axmufaew<f?
usrtarvuf u tJ ' gjuD ; ud k q k y f u d k i f _ yD ; a_czsm;axmuf _ yD ; ol h t zk w f e J h
awh a y;aew<f ? ud k w d k ; juD ; uvnf ; 'l ; !$ w f a y;aew<f ?
a[m awh x m;_yD ; a[m oG i f ; _yD ? wa_z;a_z;0if o G m ;_yD ?
_yef x G u f v m_yD ? 0if o G m ;_yD ? ol w d k h E S p f a <muf j unf h 7 wm od y f a umif ;
wmbJ? ESpfOD;vHk;u zifav;awGaumhaumhxdk;aewm usr_zifh wudk<fvHk;
yl_yD;@Sdef;vmw<f? usrtzkwfu <m;vmwmeJh yGwfvdkufawmh aumif;vm
oud k ; ? ol w d k j unf h v d k u f | yG w f v d k u f e J h usrtzk w f u aumif ; aumif ; vm
w<f ? aemuf a wmh ol w d k h a wmif r junf h a wmh b l ; ? rsuf a ph r S d w f _ yD ;
yG w f a evd k u f w m b<f t csd e f u bD ' d k w H c g;yG i f h o G m ;w<f r od y gbl ; @S i f ?

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t7om@S d @ S d a qmif h y G w f a ewJ h u srvuf u d k wpH k w a<muf u zrf ; ud k i f v d k u f

awmh r S usrvef h _ yD ; junf h v d k u f a wmh usrtareJ h u d k w d k ; wd k h E S p f a <muf v H k ;
usra@S h r S m 7yf a e_yD ; usrvuf u d k usrtaruzrf ; ud k i f q G J < l v d k u f w mud k
awG h 7 ygw<f ?
aemuf uk w if b uf u d k q G J a c:oG m ;_yD ; usrud k u k w if a pmif ; rS m
arS m uf w if v d k h usrtaruvuf e J h zif u d k @ k d u f y gw<f ? usryG w f w k e f ; u
vH k c sD u wf a e_yD r d k h usrzif w H k ; vH k ; t@k d u f c H 7 ygw<f ? wcsuf z ef ; ueJ @ k d u f _ yD ;
7yf o G m ;ygw<f ? ud k w d k ; u0if w m;_yD ; ol q H k ; ray;r<f v d k h a _ymygw<f ?
usrtar vH k c sD a umuf 0 wf _ yD ; aumif ; aumif ; @k d u f b d k h r S m _yD ; a7csd K ;bd k h
xG u f o G m ;ygw<f ?
ud k w d k ; vuf 0 g;[m usrzif v H k ; ay:zsef ; ueJ u sawmh pyf z sif ; zsif ;
_zpf o G m ;vd k h usrwG e f h o G m ;ygw<f ? aemuf wcsuf | ES p f c suf o H k ; csuf |
emayr<fh pyfzsif;zsif;eJh cHvdkhaumif;ygw<f? 'gayr<fhudkwdk;u qufr@kdufbJ
usrzif u d k yG w f a y;aew<f ? usr_id r f a ew<f ? ol h v uf u zif u ae
atmuf u jum;xJ a v#mqif ; vm_yD ; usrtzk w f u d k y G w f a y;ae_yef a wmh
bD ' d k x J w k e f ; uyG w f w k e f ; u 7wJ h t 7om_yef 7 vmw<f ? 'gayr<f h ol h v uf
eJ h u sawmh yd k a umif ; w<f ? usrvJ a ygif u m;_yD ; zif u d k a umh a y;vd k u f a wmh
usrtuGJajumif;xJudk olhvD;'pfjuD;u_rKyf0ifvmw<f? aemuf xGufvdkuf

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0if v d k u f e J h v k y f 7 if ; apmuf z k w f t wG i f ; yd k i f ; ud k 0if 0 if v mw<f ? yd k 0 if v mav

usrtbd k h a wmh aumif ; avygbJ @ S i f ? wae7ma7muf a wmh ol h v D ; u
quf r 0if b J wck c k u wm;aeovd k y gbJ ? 'gayr<f h v D ; tES K wf t oG i f ; awmh
7yf r xm;ygbl ; ? 0if v d k u f x G u f v d k u f y gbJ ?
usrt7omawG@Sdaewkef; @kwfw7ufolhvD;juD;u aqmifh0ifvdkuf
yga7m? usrapmuf z k w f x J r S m pyf z sif ; juD ; emoG m ;w<f ? ol h v D ; u 7yf a e
w<f ? ol h v uf u usrapmuf a ph u d k u vd a y;awmh emwmawG a ysmuf o G m ;
w<f ? aemuf ol h v D ; u vS K yf @ S m ;ay;_yef a wmh _yef a umif ; vmw<f ?
wa_z;a_z;aumif ; vm_yD ; usrwtm;aumh a y;xm;w<f ? ol h v D ; 'pf u vnf ;
apmuf y wf E S K wf c rf ; | apmuf a ph | apmuf a cgif ; eH 7 H a wG u d k yG w f o yf w d k ; acG h
aeygw<f? olaqmifhw<f? zduyfxm;w<f? aqmifhcsufawGuwa_z;a_z;
_ref v mav usrt7omyd k a wG h a veJ h ol u wtm; q<f c suf a vmuf z d u yf
aqmifhwGef;vdkufawmh usrapmufzkwfwckvHk; wzsif;zsif;_zpf_yD; ta7awG
yef ; xk w f v d k u f w J h a emuf avmujuD ; wck v H k ; ud k arh o G m ;rd w <f ?

tvd k ; cH 7 wm w<f a umif ; ygvm; vd k h usrowd 7 vmawmh

wpdrhfpdrfhawG;aerdw<f? usrowd7vmawmh olhvD;juD;[m usrapmufzkwf
xJ r S m bJ @S d a eao;w<f ? 'gayr<f h usrud k b <f t csd e f u yuf v uf v S e f
xm;w<f r od b l ; ? ck yuf v uf _ zpf a e_yD ? ud k w d k ; u usrtay:rS m rd k ; _yD ;

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usrES K wf c rf ; ud k pk y f e rf ; ay;aew<f ? ol h v #meJ h u srv#mud k y G w f o yf a y;awmh

usr7ruf a wG ql j uG v m_yef w <f ? usr7J h e D 7 J a ewJ h Ed k h o D ; ao;ao;av;ud k
ol h y g;pyf e J h p k y f a wmh usrwG e f h v d e f r d w <f ? 'D a wmh atmuf r S m wyf x m;wJ h
ol h v D ; u vS K yf a y;_yef w <f ? usrtzd k h r S m awmh t7omawG @ S d v m_yef _ yD ;
aygif u d k a rmuf _ yD ; um;ay;xm;rd w <f ? ol u aqmif h 7 if ; vuf w zuf u d k
aygif a tmuf v #d K oG i f ; _yD ; apmuf a ph u d k y G w f | apmuf z k w f E S K wf c rf ; awG
yG w f a y;aew<f ? apmuf 7 nf e J h v D ; 7nf a ygif ; _yD ; @$ J a ewJ h a pmuf y wf t uG J
7J h a tmuf y d k i f ; ud k vuf o ef ; eJ h u vd a y;7if ; u ol h v uf o ef ; u atmuf u d k
eJ e J a csmf o G m ;_yD ; usrzif a yguf u d k v mxd w <f ? aemuf z if a yguf x J u d k
vuf o ef ; av;0if v m_yD ; xd k ; ay;w<f ? ES p f a yguf a umif ; aygh ? vuf o ef ;
_yD ; awmh eJ e J w k w f w J h v uf o l j uG < f | aemuf vuf c v<f e J h x d k ; ay;w<f ?
aemuf a wmh t7nf a wG @ $ J p d k a ewJ h o l h v D ; ud k w7pf c sif ; xd k ; oG i f ;
awmhw<f? aumif;vdkufwm@Sif? apmufzkwfvdk;ae7muae zifxJa_ymif;_yD;
xdk;oGif;vdkuf| apmufzkwfbufa_ymif;vdk;vdkufeJh usrawmh t7omESpfrsdK;vHk;
cH p m;ae7w<f ? aemuf usraygif u d k < l _ yD ; ol h y ck e f ; ay:xrf ; xJ h _ yD ;
usr7J h _ yL;aewJ h a pmuf z k w f x J ol h v D ; juD ; xJ h _ yD ; vd k ; _yef y gw<f ? ol u
tm;uk e f t csuf E S p f q <f a vmuf a qmif h _ yD ; ol h o k w f 7 nf a wG y ef ; xk w f v d k u f
awmh usr_yD ; vk v k _ zpf a ew<f ? ol h o k w f 7 nf a wG x k w f _ yD ; awmh ol u
taqmif h 7 yf v d k u f w <f ? usr'D a wmh ol h v D ; juD ; raysmh c if ol h c g;ud k u sr

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a_cES p f a csmif ; csd w f _ yD ; atmuf u aezspf ! S p f 7 if ; txuf u d k ( 15)csuf a vmuf

aumh x d k ; vd k u f a wmh wzspf z spf e J h usrapmuf z k w f u vnf ; t7nf a wG
yef ; xG u f _ yD ; usr_yD ; oG m ;awmh w <f ?

_yD ; yg_yD ?