USII-Level 1/Honors 2011 Final Review Guide

Orleck

Format: Your midterm exam will be a cumulative exam covering all the material we have done up to this point. This will be a scan-tron exam that will consist of multiple choice, true/false, matching/identifications, map analysis, as well as a written response. Please note that your exam will include new material from our Imperialism unit. Review: Preparation is the absolute key to successfully preparing for cumulative exams. We will review in class during Reading Days, but you absolutely MUST be disciplined and create a multi-day study plan and schedule. If you would like help with study skills, please do not hesitate to see me. Organization: I expect you to create tangible study materials for this exam. Simply reading over notes is not enough. You should have ALL materials from the year organized. Expect your study guide to be checked at random intervals in the time leading up to the exam. Unit I: Western Migration Unit Essential Question: What were the motivations for westward expansion? Why did the United States feel they had a right to assimilate and Native Americans as they pushed west? Key Questions: In what ways did the U.S. try to assimilate Native Americans? What was the source of conflict among the U.S. government, white settlers and Native Americans? How did the Native Americans resist and protest the treatment by the U.S. government and soldiers? What types of economic incentives did the United States government provide to settlers in the west to encourage growth of private property ownership? What technological advancements helped make farming profitable? How did cattle ranching and mining expand opportunities for settlement? Do you think the federal government had the right to give away land on which Native Americans already live? Was the "free land" offered by the Homestead Act really free? How does a government get people to move to an area where few people live? Having suffered slavery and oppression themselves, how do you think the buffalo soldiers justified supporting the government's oppression of the Native Americans? Terms: Homestead Act Bureau for Indian Affairs Sand Creek Massacre Battle at Wounded Knee Ghost Dance General Custer Sitting Bull Treaty of Medicine Lodge Crazy Horse Bonanza Farms Barbed Wire Steelhead Exodusters Texas Longhorn Comstock Lode Hydraulic Mining Dawes General Allotment Act Buffalo Soldiers Chinese Exclusion Act Treaty of Medicine Lodge

Battle of Little Big Horn Crazy Horse

Treaty of Medicine Lodge Battle of Little Big Horn

Crazy Horse

Unit II: The Second Industrial Revolution Essential Question: How did the second Industrial Revolution reorder and change American society?

Key Terms What global economic theories encouraged Industrialization in the United States? In what ways did the actions and businesses of the 19th century Industrialists benefit U.S. society? How did their actions/business help or harm the quality of life? What is the legacy of the Industrialists? What important technological and scientific advances led to the Industrial Revolution? How did business leaders, entrepreneurs and inventors contribute to the Industrial Revolution? Key Terms: Patent Transcontinental Railroad Telegraph Bessemer Process Steel Economics Capitalism Free Enterprise Social Darwinism Communism Socialism Utilitarianism Laissez-faire Corporation Trust Monopoly Vertical Integration Horizontal Integration Urbanization Anarchists Knights of Labor American Federation of Labor Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Homestead Strike Homestead Riots Robber Baron Captain of Industry Philanthropy Gospel of Wealth Carnegie Rockefeller J.P. Morgan Vanderbilt Karl Marx Adam Smith Jeremy Bentham John Stuart Mill

Unit III: Urbanization & Immigration in a Changing World (our assessment for this unit was the neighborhood city tour) Essential Question: What factors pushed/pulled immigrants to move to the United States in the late 1800s and early 20th Century? Key Question: How did immigration change during the late 1800s? What challenges did immigrants face in the United States? Where culd immigrants find assistance What was the nativist response to waves of immigration? What was urban life like? How did social reformers uses settlement houses and churches to improve the lives of the poor? Terms: New v. Old Immigrants Benevolent societies Settlement houses Emma Lazarus Ellis Island Citizenship/immigration requirements Economic/Social/Political reasons for immigrating NY Neighborhoods/Ethnicities Anti-Irish sentiment nativism Unit IV: Politics & the Gilded Age Unit Essential Question: How did rapid industrialization, urbanization, and change in demographics change politics in the United States? Lesson Key Questions: How did political machines emerge in the United States? Were political bosses corrupt? What was the role of new immigrants in the political process? How did corruption and illegal activities develop in many urban political machines? What effect did Thomas Nasts cartoons have on corruption at Tammany Hall? What triggered the need for political reform? How did this desire change the Republican party? How was reforming the civil service system a way of restoring government during the Gilded Age? How did subsequent Presidents in the 19th century reform policies?

What factors lead to economic hardships for farmers? What was the platform and purpose of the Populist party? Why and how did the party attract millions of supporters? How did silver affect the economy and the 1896 presidential election ?

Terms: Political machines Political bosses Graft Kickbacks William Marcy Tweed Thomas Nast Tammany Stalwarts Pendelton Civil Service Act Credit Mobilier Mugwumps Unit V: Progressivism Essential Question: How did a Progressive agenda shape economic, social and political reforms in the United States? Main Idea: The Progressives challenged many aspects of 19th century society and economics, notably laissez-faire theories, heartless industrialization, and political corruption. Progressives took steps to protect the environment and secured the right to vote for women. Key Questions: What were the motivations of Progressive social reformers? How were their attitudes toward the other reflected in their programs and policies? What are the motivations behind progressive reformers actions and what ideas influenced their thinking? What does it mean to be scientific? In what ways did scientific thinking influence policies and ideas of the progressive era? Cooperatives Graduated income tax Gold standard Interstate Commerce Act Bland Allison Act Sherman Silver Purpose Act Populist Party James B. Weaver William Jennings Bryant National Grange Sourcing Contextualization Corroboration Presidents: Garfield Arthur Cleveland Harrison McKinley

What happens to a society when science & education defines human beings as superior or inferior? How do these ideas affect public policy and human lives? During the Progressive Age, how was science used and misused to develop policy? How did African Americans contribute to the Progressive Era? Who was a stronger advocate for African Americans: Washington or Dubois? In what ways did Progressive Politicians change American Society? Which President was the most progressive? To what extent did Theodore Roosevelt provide a square deal for the American people? What attitudes about women and their relationships with men had to be overcome before women could take their rightful place in American society? What were the arguments for and against suffrage? What divisions in the Republican Party lead to the formation of the Progressive Party? How did reformers seek to limit the power of big business and to make government more democratic in the early 1900s? Why were the 16th, 17th, and 19th Amendments adopted?

TERMS Muckraker Settlement Houses Australian Ballot Personal Registration Laws Disenfranchisem ent Suffrage NAACP Socialism Square Deal Bull Moose Campaign Tariff Reform Progressive Income Tax Direct Primary

Initiative Referendum Seventeenth Amendment Wisconsin Idea Upton Sinclair Arbitration Elkins Act Hepburn Act Meat Inspection Act Pure Food and Drug Act National Park Service William Howard Taft Sixteenth Amendment

Woodrow Wilson Eugene Debs New Freedom Federal Reserve Act Clayton Anti Trust Commission Prohibition Federal Trade Commission National American Women Suffrage Association Alice Paul Nineteenth Amendment

Theodore Roosevelt Eugenics Samuel Morton

Jane Adams Jacob Riis Upton Sinclair Ida. B. Wells

Ida Tarbell Margaret Sanger

Unit VI: Imperialism (America becomes a world power. . . ) Unit Essential Question: What were the economic, social and political motivations for acquiring land and territories beyond the natural boundaries of the United States? Key Questions: Why was there such a huge debate about the decision of the United States to acquire territories outside its natural boundaries? How did Social Darwinism influence American Foreign Policy at the turn of the century? What were the arguments for and against American Imperialism? To what extent did the United States become an imperial power? Should one country have the right to dictate the actions of another country? How much influence and control did the Philippines have over its own territory? What benefits did America and European power gain from trading with Asia? Terms Imperialism White Mans Burden Rudyard Kipling The Berlin Conference Manifest destiny Subsidy Spheres of Influence Henry Cabot Lodge Kalakaua Liliuokalani John Hay World War I The Dole Company Open Door Policy The Boxer Rebellion Matthew Perry Jose Marti William Randolph Hearst USS Maine Teller Amendment George Dewey Emilio Aguinaldo Rough Riders Philippine Government Act Jones Act of 1916 Protectorate Dollar Diplomacy Platt Amendment Foraker Act Roosevelt Corollary (to the Monroe Doctorine) Mexican Revolution Pancho Villa

Essential Question: What was the role of the United States in World War I? Key Questions: What were the major causes of unrest in Europe? What role did (MAIN)Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, play in the build up of war? Why did the war come to a stalemate? How did trench warfare affect the fighting? What challenges did the U.S. face while trying to stay neutral? What events led to the US entry into the war and for declaration of war against Germany in 1917? What role did organized labor, volunteer organizations, and women play in contributing to the war effort? What motivated African Americans to migrate to the northern United States during this time? What domestic conflict caused Russia to surrender? How did the government create support for and limit opposition to the war? Did Woodrow Wilson provide effective leadership during World War I? What did Wilson's Fourteen Points hope to accomplish? Why was the Treaty of Versailles considered to be particularly punitive and vindictive? Terms/People/Events Acronym: Militarism Alliances Franz-Ferdinand The Balkans Austro-Hungarian Empire Ottoman Empire Armenia(ns), Genocide of. . . Young Turks Central Powers Allied Powers Statemate Trench warfare Eastern Front Western Front Imperialism Nationalism Battle of Somme Zimmerman Note Schlieffen Plan Lusitania Sussex Pledge National Defense Act Selective Service Act Food Administration War Industries Board Great Migration Battle of Gallipoli Committee on Public Information Espionage Acts Sedition Act Bolsheviks Russian Revolution: Trotsky, Lenin Battle of Argonne Forest Treaty of BrestLitovsk Fourteen Points Big Four Treaty of Versailles David Lloyd George

George Clemenceau Kaiser Wilhelm

Abdication League of Nations Reparations

Unit Essential Question: How did the 1920s represent a period of both prosperity and social division? Part I: Post War Troubles Key Questions What were the economic outcomes of demobilization? What were the causes of the strikes of 1919? What was the public reaction to the strikes? What caused the Red Scare? Why did the trial of Sacco and Vanzetti arouse public interest? How did Harding and the Republican Party encourage economic growth? What scandals plagued the Harding administration? Why did the movement to pass the Equal Rights Amendment fail? What accounted for the reemergence of the KKK? In what ways did African Americans combat discrimination and violence? What prompted Americans to demand restrictions on immigration? Why did Mexican American immigration increase during the 1920s What actions did American Indians take to protect their land?

Terms: Demobilization Red Scare Equal Rights Amendment Teapot Dome Scandal Marcus Garvey Immigration Act of 1924 William Joseph Simmons Andrew Mellon Part II: The Jazz Age Key Questions: How did the economic boom affect American society? In what ways did companies such as Ford Motors change and grow business? How did prohibition impact crime? What were the characteristics of the new youth culture? Bursum Bill A Mitchell Palmer Palmer Raids Nicola Sacco Bartolomeo Vanzetti

What did the Scopes Trial and subsequent religious movements reveal about American society? How did Jazz and Blues become popular nationwide? How did artists and writers of the Harlem Renaissance use their work to express pride in cultural heritage? How did writers of the Lost Generation portray American life?

Terms: Model T Assembly line Volstead Act Flappers Charles Lindberg Clarence Darrow Harlem Renaissance

Bessie Smith Lost Generation Diego Riveria Duke Ellington Paul Robeson Louis Armstrong F. Scott Fitzgerald Al Capone

Eliot Ness Untouchables 21st Amendment Cecil B DeMille

Unit Essential Question: How did President Roosevelts New Deal Programs provide relief from the Great Depression? Key Questions: How did the New Deal provide relief for the unemployed? How did the New Deal promote industrial and agricultural recovery? In what ways did the FDR administration address the concerns of the African American and American Indian communities? What criticisms were aimed at the New Deal? How did the need for a second New Deal enable FDR to win a second term? Why did the Supreme Court try to block FDRs social programs? In what ways did the Second New Deal benefit labor and agriculture? What were the effects of the Roosevelt Recession Where was the Dust Bowl and what were its effects? How did New Deal programs use photography, writing, and art to promote their goals? New Deal Terms: Huey Long Social Security Act Dust Bowl Sit down strike Grapes of Wrath Georgia OKeefe John Steinbeck Federal Project Number One

Dorothea Lange Alphabet Soup Agencies Wagner Connery Act Work Progress Administration Share-Our-Wealth Tennessee Valley Authority Civilian Conservation Corp Securities and Exchange Commission Marian Anderson John Maynard Keynes Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Bank Holiday National Industrial Recovery Act Agricultural Adjustment Administration

Unit Essential Questions: Why did the United States enter World War II? What were the political, social, and economic situations in Europe and Asia that convinced the United States to shift from being an isolationist power to being an allied force in World War II? Unit Goals/Objectives: Understand the U.S. response to Japanese expansion and imperialism in Asia during the 1930s Understand the expansionist policies of Axis Powers in Europe and Africa and how the U.S. tried to cope with them through the Neutrality Acts. Analyze the United States appeasement policies toward Italian and German aggressions. Distinguish the reasons for Americas general isolationist stance in the 1930s Discuss the reasons for American failure to anticipate the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the wartime policy of unconditional surrender

Discuss the reasons behind President Trumans decision to use the atomic bomb against Japan Trace the course of Allied Victory in Europewhat were air, naval and ground contributions? Describe the course of events in the Pacific war from Pearl Harbor to the Japanese surrender

Unit Outline: I. The Road to War: Aggression and Response a. The rise of Aggressor States b. U.S. Neutrality c. The Mounting Crisis d. The Outbreak of War in Europe e. Americas response to war in Europe f. Pearl Harbor II. Fighting the War in Europe a. Campaigns in North Africa in Italy b. Operation Overlord (Normandythe ground invasion of Europe). The Pacific Theatre a. Offense in the Pacific b. U.S. Strategy c. A New President-the A bomb, and Japans surrender

III.

V: Shaping the Peace a. the United Nations b. Justice & Tribunals (Nuremberg, etc).

Terms: Isolationism Kellogg Briand Pact Washington Conference Kristallnacht Axis Powers Allied Powers Appeasement Non-aggression pact Munich conference Lend-Lease Act Blitzkrieg Maignot Line Atlantic Charter Pearl Harbor Baatan Death March Battle of Coral Sea Guadalcanal Stalingrad Committee of War Information Japanese Internment Operation Overlord D-Day The Battle of the Bulge Yalta Island-hopping Okinawa Kamikaze Manhattan Project Enola Gay United Nations Nuremberg Trials People: Hitler Stalin Churchill Mussolini

Franco MacArthur Selective Service & Training Act Rommel

Henry Morganthau, Jr. Eisenhower Patton Truman

Hirohito

Please use recent cold war and civil rights materials to round out your study guide!