Cells and Evolution and Electricity Revision Cells 1.

List the differences and similarities between a plant and animal cell. List the functions of these organelles within each cell. -plantcells have a cell wall (helps the plantcells to allow high pressure to build inside of it, without bursting) -Plantcells have chloroplasts, which has its own DNA, essentially directing the work of the chloroplasts

2. Define the term cell -a cell is the structural and functional units of all living organisms.

3. List the 3 points of the cell theory. - All cells come from pre-existing cells - Cells are the basic units of structure in all living things - Cells are the basic units of function in all living things

4. What were the major historical events which lead to the discovery of cells and our knowledge of the organelles within a cell and their functions (revise your timeline). -The cell was discovered by Robert Hooke in 1665 -The first man to witness a live cell under a microscope was Anton van Leeuwenhoek in 1674 -Henri Dutrochet formulated one of the fundamental beliefs of modern cell theory by saying that "The cell is the fundamental element of organization" -In 1839, Schwann and Schleiden suggested that cells were the basic unit of life -In 1858, Rudolf Virchow concluded that all cells come from pre-existing cells, thus completing the classical cell theory. 5. Distinguish between a unicellular and a multicellular organism. Name examples of each -Unicellular organisms run of a cell type which uses asexual reproduction to grow and can survive without the help of other cells. While multicellular organisms have heaps of type of cells and they have lost their independence and cannot live alone outside the organism. The entire organism depends upon the health of all its cells to survive.

6. What are the advantages and/or disadvantages of being unicellular or multicellular? Tabulate this information. -Advantages (unicellular): - Are dependent on self -Asexual reproduction - Fast reproduction -Disadvantages (Unicellular) -Cant necessary become big organisms - Don t live long

-Advantages (Multicellular): -Can grow to any size -Can live for a long time -Loss of one cell will not affect it a lot -Greater capabilities -Disadvantages (Multicellular): - Longer time reproduce -Require a mate for reproduction

7. What are the requirements of a cell I don t this get this >.>

8. Define the terms cell specializations and cell differentiation -Cell differentiation: the process by which a less specialized cell becomes a more specialized cell type -Cellspecializations: the cell performing a specific function for a larger organ or tissue.

9. Draw and describe the structure of a nucleus including the chromosome. -Use this picture http://www.google.com.au/imgres?imgurl=http://publications.nigms.nih.gov/thenewgenetics/images/c h1_dnagenes.jpg&imgrefurl=http://publications.nigms.nih.gov/thenewgenetics/chapter1.html&usg=__y _occJDOuKYGwRMqBwFm1QfxK9Q=&h=446&w=350&sz=66&hl=en&start=0&zoom=1&tbnid=h9_zpg7z HflmcM:&tbnh=155&tbnw=122&ei=a1oETvqdGpDQmAXZyZDnDQ&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dstructure%2 Bnucleus%2Bchromosome%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26client%3Dfirefoxa%26hs%3D2i3%26sa%3DN%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:enUS:official%26biw%3D1422%26bih%3D804%26tbm%3Disch&um=1&itbs=1&iact=hc&vpx=350&vpy=69& dur=3673&hovh=253&hovw=199&tx=101&ty=157&page=1&ndsp=26&ved=1t:429,r:1,s:0&biw=1422&bi h=804

10. What are the functions of chromosomes? - chromosome is the condensed DNA needed to provide access to certain genes at their appropriate times, and to be passed on to future generations. DNA is the essential building block of the cell, providing the "code" and housing all the information needed for the cell: information for survival etc..Chromosomes are the essential unit for cellular division and must be replicated, divided, and passed successfully to their daughter cells so as to ensure the genetic diversity and survival of their offspring.

11. Draw and describe the stages of mitosis and explain the role of mitosis http://www.google.com.au/imgres?imgurl=http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/handbook/illustrations/mito sismeiosis.jpg&imgrefurl=http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/handbook/illustrations/mitosismeiosis&usg=__ zcmP3aVMkZHONF27jMjDB6IIXys=&h=350&w=500&sz=73&hl=en&start=0&zoom=1&tbnid=Js3s 0SVNYuMvM:&tbnh=132&tbnw=188&ei=S1sETuioOcuOmQWioNmsDQ&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dmitosis %26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26sa%3DN%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:enUS:official%26biw%3D1422%26bih%3D804%26tbm%3Disch&um=1&itbs=1&iact=hc&vpx=451& vpy=131&dur=3669&hovh=188&hovw=268&tx=165&ty=105&page=1&ndsp=29&ved=1t:429,r:2 ,s:0&biw=1422&bih=804.

12. Draw and describe the stages of meiosis and explain the role of mieosis. -same link as aboev

Evolution 1. What are the main events which occurred on Earth. (revise your timeline). -Big bang theory -Creation of first multicellular organisms -Cells began to reproduce and create diversities of organisms -Organisms evolved into humans and other modern organisms 2. Define the term evolution. - The process by which different kinds of living organisms are thought to have developed and diversified from earlier forms during the history of the earth.

3. What were some other theories on evolution other than Darwins theory. - HA?!? 4. List the 5 main pieces of evidence for evolution. (e.g. homologous structures.....)

-Read thishttp://wiki.answers.com/Q/Five_evidences_of_evolution

5. Briefly describe these 5 peieces of evidence for evolution. http://wiki.answers.com/Q/Five_evidences_of_evolution

6. Carefully explain the theory of evolution by natural selection giving examples. -The process in nature by which, according to Darwin's theory of evolution, only the organisms

best adapted to their environment tend to survive and transmit their genetic characteristics in increasing numbers to succeeding generations while those less adapted tend to be eliminated. Eg Fish learnt to jump over small fast streams
7. What is the importance of variation, their causes and examples of variations within a species? - Variation of species cause new species which are more capable and probably smarter than older generations. They could also help each other and survive different conditions. Also this is important for biodiversity 8. A group of organisms who have similar features to the extent that they can interbreed are know as a species.

9. There are many fossils which exist from millions of years ago. Give an example of one that you have studied. Which types of rock are they usually found? Fossils are found in sedimentary rocks one type of fossil is the trace fossil , These fossils are just the outlines of the original organism Electricity Revision 1. Draw a labelled structure of an atom. - http://drpinna.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/06/atom.gif 2. What type of charge do the following particles have? a) Proton - Positive b) Neutron - None c) Electron- Negative 3. How can you charge an object? -Pass electricity through it 4. List some examples of static electricity. - Rubbing ballon against hair - Special painting methods for planes/cars etc - Lightning 5. Draw the symbol foe a globe, battery, open switch, resistor, ammeter and voltmeter. -http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/symbol.htm (only learn the ones listed on revision sheet) 6. Distinguish between a series and parallel circuit giving examples of each. -A series circuit has everything after the other in other words all the component are completely in a series while the parallel circuit consists of braches which contain components Eg. (series) simple christmas lights (parallel) House wiring 7. Draw a simple series circuit consisting of two globes, power pack, and a switch. http://www.danieltrimpey.com/learn/electronics/images/series.GIF 8. Draw a simple parallel circuit consisting of two globes, power pack, and a switch. http://www.danieltrimpey.com/learn/electronics/images/parallel.GIF 9. Define the term Voltage. Give the units and the piece of equipment used to measure it. Voltage may represent a source of energy or it may represent lost or stored energy. This is measured in volts and uses a voltmeter 10. Define the term Current. Give the units and the piece of equipment used to measure it. Current is the flow of electric charge through a medium. It is measure in amps and uses ammeter 11. Define the term resistance. Give the units and the piece of equipment used to measure it. -Resistance is when electricity is used up. This is measure on Ohm s and uses a multimeter/Ohmmeter

12. Use a hose, tap, water or a city streets example to explain the terms above.

In a circuit the current is like the flow of electrons is like water passing through pipes , while the resistance is when the waters energy is used up by a resister like a waterwheel and the voltage is like the amount of energy the water has after is goes through the resister or before it does. 13. State the relationship between current and resistance. E.g when the current increases so does the Resistance. However, when the resistance increases the voltage __________________. -if Volts increases and Resistance remains unchanged, -then a larger Volts will produce a larger number for current. -if voltage is increased, then current must increase also, and it will increase in direct proportion to the voltage change. 14. If two globes were wired up in series and then in parallel, in which circuit would the globes be brighter? Why? In a parallel circuit the lights wil be brighter because the voltage is not split unlike the series 15. Why are circuit diagrams drawn? - Circuit diagrams are used ti simplify the connections of a circuit and help us better understand them 16. Why is it better to have your home electricity wired up in parallel circuits rather than in series? -If one light goes out not all the lights in the house will go -All the lights (if same type) will glow brightly v/I x R