Design and Deployment of Outdoor Mesh Wireless Networks

Design and Deployment of Outdoor Mesh Wireless Networks
BRKEWN-2027
Navdeep Johar
Technical Marketing-Wireless Networking Business Unit
July 12, 2011
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2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Cisco Public
Agenda
Outdoor Wireless Opportunity
Cisco Outdoor Wireless Architecture Cisco Outdoor Wireless Portfolio Applications & Deployment Examples Q&A
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Associated Sessions and Recommended Readings

Associated Sessions
BRKEWN-2011 Managing an Enterprise WLAN with Wireless Control System (WCS)
BRKEWN-3013 Wireless LAN Radio Spectrum Management Best Practices
Prerequisites
BRKEWN-2010 Design and Deployment of Enterprise WLANs
BRKEWM-3016 Understanding RF Fundamentals and the Radio Design of Wireless Networks
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Wireless Connectivity Outdoors
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What is Outdoor Wireless all about?

End user devices Broadband Tech
WiFi, HSPA, HiperLan MaNet, LTE
Mobility
What is outdoor wireless?
Applications
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Small Cells Increase Existing Capacity

Macro Hierarchical Networks are the best solutions Spectrum Allocation is not increasing significantly Small Cells are the only answers to exponential growth in Data Traffic
Consumer Business
Community
26x Growth
Macro Capacity Average Macro Cell Efficiency
1000
Growth
100
10 1 1990
Spectrum
1995
2000
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2005
2010
2015
Future networks supporting the mobile Internet will need to seamlessly integrate a lot more smaller cells
BRKEWN-2027 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Service Provider Wi-Fi Levels of Adoption

Wi-Fi Value to the SP
Reduce Churn
Local Low Cost WiFi Vendors
WebAuth Side Business
3G-like Experience (EAP-SIM)
ARPU
3G Offload
BRKEWN-2027 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Cisco WiFi and WiFi Mesh is ready for Outdoors

Cost effective
No licenses Large ecosystem of suppliers Availability of client devices
Standard
CPE and client devices interoperability
Attention from the industry (ex. Security)
Zero on-going communication costs
Bandwidth Efficient
Large unlicensed spectrum (> 300 MHz)
Can deliver throughput where you want it
Why WiFi Outdoors?
Multipurpose network
Scalability & Ease of use

Just keep on adding nodes Low impact for new sites
Outdoor extension of the indoor Wireless LAN
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Cisco Outdoor Wireless Architecture
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Cisco Outdoor Wireless

Bridging
L3/L2 switch
5GHz/2.4 GHz
L2 switch
Point To Point
L2 switch
Internet
Point To Multipoint
Bridging: basic LAN to LAN wireless connectivity

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Cisco Outdoor Wireless

From Bridging to Mesh
2.4 GHz Access
L3/L2 switch
RAP
(Root AP)
MAP
(Mesh AP) Backhaul 5/2.4 GHz
L2 switch
Controller
Backhaul 5GHz
5 GHz Access
MAP
Wired access
5 GHz Access
WGB
Mesh Deployment Flexibility: LAN-to-LAN connectivity Multiple hop backhaul 2.4 GHz and 5GHz wireless client access Ethernet Access to wired clients LAN-to-LAN in motion with Work Group Bridge (WGB)
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Cisco Unified Wireless Network

Architecture Overview
WCS Navigator
Centralized WLAN architecture

Mobility Services Engine (MSE)
Network Control System (NCS) or Wireless Control System (WCS)
Advanced mobility Highly scalable services such as Real-time RF visibility seamless, L3 roaming for and control metro-scale deployments
802.11n and 802.11a/g
Wireless LAN Context Aware Controller(WLC)
Simplified policy standalone access points implementation and reduced maintenance Easily configure
WLAN controllers Seamless Roaming using SNMP between Indoors & Access points Outdoors using CAPWAP
Monitor and migrate
CAPWAP
WIDS Essentials/aWIPS
Planning Tools
802.11n
Bridging
Clean Air / Spectrum Intelligence
Outdoor Mesh
Full Interoperability Built-in support for Mobility Services among all Mesh platforms
ContextAware Highly Scalable Network Services (Location)
Standalone/Lightweight Access Points

Client Devices and Wi-Fi Tags
Multilevel Security Adaptive Wireless
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System (wIPS) Protects network from malicious activity and Wired and wireless guest access unauthorized access 12
Intrusion Prevention
Wireless Controller Product Portfolio

APs: Up to 500 Clients: Up to 10,000 I/O: Cat6K Backplane
Performance & Features
APs: Up to 500 Clients: Up to 7,000 I/O: Up to 81Gig. SFP

APs: Up to 50 Clients: Up to 500 I/O: Up to 4Gig (2PoE).
Cisco 2500 Series Wireless Controller
Wireless Services Module 2 Cisco 5500 Series Wireless Controller
Mobility Domain Size: 36000 APs
APs: Up to 50 Clients: Up to 500 I/O: ISR G2 Backplane

Wireless LAN Controller on Services Ready Engine
RAPs/MAPs counted as one AP Mesh not supported on Flex 7500
500
1k 1.5k
2k 2.5k 3k
3.5k 4k
4.5k 5k
5.5k 6k 6.5k
7k 7.5k
8k 8.5k
9k 9.5k 10k
# of Clients Supported (Scale)

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Cisco Wireless Mesh

Intelligent Wireless Solution
Deployment Flexibility
Different types of traffic
Self-configuring, self-healing Mesh

Zero-touch configuration
Ciscos Adaptive Wireless Path (AWPP) Protocol for fault-tolerant Mesh deployments
Scalability at different Layers

Network grows based on needed coverage
Provides seamless user mobility Robust embedded Security Integrated Wireless Management
NCS: Converged Access Management for wired and wireless Networks
Controller
WCS: one console for operational visibility, control, troubleshooting, and reporting Deployment time reduced by 50%
Operational management reduced by 60%
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Cisco Wireless Mesh

Deployment Flexibility
Ethernet in mesh header
WLAN Controller
RAP MAP
Intranet
CAPWAP in mesh header
Mesh header CAPWAP traffic
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Mesh carries two types of traffic:

Wired client traffic
Wireless client traffic
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MAPs dynamically build a tree with the best path to the RAP
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Cisco Wireless Mesh

Self-configuring, Self-healing Mesh
Optimal parent selection selects the path ease across each available backhaul Ease based on number of hops and link SNR (Signal Noise Ratio)
AWPP uses a Parent Stickiness value to mitigate Route Flaps
Neighbor
Parent
RAP
Controller
MAP
AWPP integrates 802.11h DFS (Dynamic Frequency Selection) for radar detection and avoidance
Adaptive Wireless Path Protocol (AWPP) establishes the best path to the Root
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Cisco Wireless Mesh

Scalability at different layers
Access Point
32 MAPs per RAP (recommended)
8 Hops (4 recommended) 16 MBSSIDs per AP (512 at WLC)
Management
NCS manages up to 15000 APs & 1250 WLCs WCS manages up to 3000 APs & 750 WLCs
More RAPs for sector capacity
Intranet
Controller
Up to 72 Controllers can be part of an N+1 or N+N+1 cluster Dynamic RF optimization on access link for additional radios
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Cisco Wireless Mesh

Seamless user mobility
AP-10 Inter-controller L3 Roaming Intra-controller Roaming
AA-AA
WLC-A Tunnel EoIP B to A AP-22

WiSM WLC-B VLAN =2
AP-47
MAC AA-AA
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SSID OpenWiFi
AP
22 47 10
WLAN 2
WLC
B-A A
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VLAN 2
IP 10.10.10.2
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Cisco 1500 Series Wireless Broadband Platform

Models: 1552(802.11N) 1522 1524PS 1524SB
MRC
Maximal Ratio Combining access radio improves receiver sensitivity for clients by up to 4.7 dB
Modular Radio Design

Multiple radios Multiple Uplinks
FIPS-ready
Fiber SFP Option
Connection to available municipal fiber provides greater network throughput
140-2 Certifiable
Hazardous Location-ready
Aux/Console Cable DC Input
Internal Battery Backup Option

Run time up to 3 Hrs Flexibility to turn off
LEDs
Rugged, Industrial Enclosure

-40 C to + 55 C with Solar Loading IP67, NEMA - 4X
Power over Ethernet Port

Provides powers and Ethernet connectivity for 802.3af cameras, sensors, and other compliant devices
PoE Out
PoE In
Fiber
AC Input
Paintable Enclosure
Can be painted to match surrounding structures
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Integrated DOCSIS 3.0 Cable Modem Option

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Cisco Aironet 1500 Series Mesh Outdoor Access Points

AP1522 Cable/Fiber
Docsis 2.0
AP1552Cable/Ethernet (802.11n)
Cable Modem
Docsis /Euro-Docsis3.0
2.4
4.9 to 5.8
Client Access
Backhaul & Client Access
Client Access
AP1524 PS (Public Safety) AP1552E/H (802.11n)

Backhaul
AP1524SB (Serial Backhaul)
5.8 2.4 4.9

Client Access Client Access
5.0 2.4 5.0

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1550 Series Development Highlights

1552: Dual-Band (2.4 & 5 GHz), 4 Models
5 GHz includes only Upper ISM Bands (5.725 5.850 GHz)
1552E/H
40 MHz BW channel support, Data rates < = 300 Mbps

DOCSIS 3.0 (8x4)/ (304 x108) Mbps or EuroDOCSIS 3.0 (4x4) / (152 x 108) Mbps Cable Modem
MIMO (2X3), 2 SS (Spatial Streams) Dual band, omni-directional antennas 3 Stick antennas, 4 dBi (2.4 GHz), 7 dBi (5 GHz) 3 element array, Low Profile, Single Radom, 2 dBi (2.4 GHz), 4 dBi (5 GHz) ClientLink Legacy Beam Forming Universal Access for 5GHz clients DFS capability to detect 0.5us pulses
1552I/C
13.5 cm
CleanAir 2.4 GHz Spectrum Intelligence
Strand slope adjustment

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Cisco Aironet 802.11n 1550 Series

1552 E
External Antennas Uplinks Fiber/Ethernet Battery Backup (6AH) AC Powered (100 480 VAC) No Cable Modem PoEout port (802.3af) Power Injector option Dual Band Stick Antennas
Console Port
AC Power Connector PoEin Port
1552 C
Integrated DOCSIS 3.0 (8x4) /EURODOCSIS (4x4) CM Uplinks Cable No Battery Backup Power over Cable (40 -90VAC) No PoE out No SFP Built-in Dual Band Antenna
PoEout Port
Fiber Port
1552 H
Class 1, Div 2/Zone 2 hazardous location certified External Antennas Uplinks Fiber/Ethernet Battery Backup (6AH) AC Powered (100-240VAC) Power Injector option No Cable Modem PoEout port (802.3af)
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1552 I
Lightweight, Low power & energy efficient Uplinks Ethernet No Battery Backup AC Powered (100 -277VAC) No PoE out No SFP Built-in Dual Band Antenna
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All models can be powered using 12 VDC
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Cisco 1552H Hazardous Locations

Div 1 > Div 2 (North America) ; Zone 1 > Zone 2 (Europe)
Certification
Class 1, Division 2/Zone 2 is for Occasional Environments like oil sand open pit mining. Class 1, Division 1/Zone 1 is for Environments with full time ignitable concentrations of flammable gases, vapors or liquids CSA Hazardous Location certification for US and Canada: Class I, Division 2 (AIR-LAP1552-HZ-A/N-K9). Power Entry Module, Groups A,B,C,D with T5 (120 deg C) temp code ATEX certification for worldwide deployment: Class I, Zone 2 (AIR-LAP1552-HZ-E-K9). Power Entry Module, Groups IIC, IIB, IIA with T5 (120 deg C) temp code For Class I, Zone 1/Division 1 requirements: use TerraWave explosive proof enclosures Certified with Antennas
Haz Loc Module Conduit Piping
Terminal Block
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Pole/Wall/ Strand Mount

Standard pole mount bracket can also be wall mounted
AIR-BAND-INST-TL= Pole Diameter Range supported from 2 to 16
Pole/Wall Mount AP1552I

AIR-ACCPMK1550=
2 Steel Straps
Band-it system Pole Clamp M8 stud and threaded holes
Strand Mount AP1552C

AIR-ACCSMK1550 $0 AIR-ACCSMK1550= (Spare Kit)
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Pole/Wall Mount AP1552 E/H (same as AP1522)

AIR-ACCPMK1550=
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Cisco Aironet Indoor Mesh Access Points

11abg Ruggedized
1242
11n
1252
11n + CleanAir
1262 3500e
1132
1140
1040
3500i
No Extra License for Mesh APs orderable directly in Mesh Mode

Carpeted
Comprehensive suite of WiFi certified products

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Hardware Platforms - Bridging
AP1410 5.8 GHz bridge and AP
AP1310 2.4GHz bridge and AP
Exalt r5005 5 GHz P2P
AP 1242 (with 3rd party enclosure)
AP 1252/1262/3500e (with 3rd party enclosure) AP1500 series Mesh AP
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Exalt r5005: key features

High throughput: 162 Mbps (40 MHz channel) Captive 23 dBi antenna Layer 2 switch, 3 ports (1 PoE) Ethernet rate limiting
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Hardware-based 128-bit AES
Configurable, constant Ethernet latency: 0.5-5ms Throughput symmetry control up to 80:20

High density collocation: ExaltSync
ExtendAir r5005
Cisco Solution Plus

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Built-in Spectrum Analyzer

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Exalt r5005: key differentiation

100 Mbps Interference Test
120
Layer 2 Measured Throughput (Mbps)
100 80
60
ExtendAir
40
802.11n* Competitor
20
10
13
14
15
17
20
22
23
30
Interference (dB)
Very Reliable P2P technology

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Cisco 1310/1410 and ExtendAir r5005

At-a-Glance Feature Comparison
ExtendAir r5005
Frequency Technology Throughput (L2) Channel BW Ethernet Ports 5 GHz Single carrier microwave not Wi-Fi 162 Mbps 8 [10]*, 16 [20], 32 [40] 1xFE (PoE) + 2xFE
1410
5 GHz 802.11a ~28 Mbps 20 MHz 1xFE (PoE)
1310
2.4 GHz 802.11g ~28 Mbps 20 MHz 1xFE (PoE)
VLAN / QoS
Rate Limiting Symmetry Control
Yes / Yes
Yes Yes
Yes / Yes
N/A No
Yes / Yes
N/A No
128-bit AES
Spectrum Analyzer
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
No
LOS requirement
LOS only
LOS / NLOS possible but not recommended

PTP or PTMP $4,999
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LOS / NLOS possible but not recommended

PTP or PTMP $1,299
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Applications List Price per End

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PTP only $5,195

* [ ] indicates ETSI/ITU channel bandwidth
Typical Backhaul Throughput and Latency
Avg 2-3 msec latency per hops
HOPS MAX Throughput (20MHz BH)
RAP 112 Mbps 206 Mbps
One 83 Mbps 111 Mbps
Two 41 Mbps 94 Mbps
Three 25 Mbps* 49 Mbps
Four 15 Mbps* 35 Mbps*
MAX Throughput (40MHz BH)
Latency
< 10 ms per Hop, 0.3-1 milliseconds typical
Hops
Outdoor: code supports 8 Hops; 34 Hops are recommended
Nodes
20 MAPs per RAP are recommended
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Software Features
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Aspects of 802.11n
MIMO 40MHz Channels Packet Aggregation Backward Compatibility
MIMO (Multiple Input, Multiple Output)
With Beam Forming Transmissions Arrive in Phase, Increasing Signal Strength Without Beam Forming Transmissions Arrive out of Phase and signal is weaker
Performed by Transmitter (Talk Better)
Ensures Signal Received in Phase
Increases Receive Sensitivity
Works with non-MIMO Clients
Beam Forming
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Maximal Ratio Combining

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Spatial Multiplexing
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Beam Forming gives a gain of 4 dB in DL only for Legacy Data Rates

ClientLink (Beam Forming) Essential Facts

Beam Forming is effective in downstream only Measureable advantages: Increased SNR at cell edges
Provides
Increased downstream data rates at cell edges
Provides
Increased downstream throughput at cell edges Beam Forming is based on AP3500 based product Beam Forming only applicable to legacy rates of 9, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48 and 54 Mbps
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Aspects of 802.11n
40MHz Channels
Packet Aggregation
Backward Compatibility
MIMO (Multiple Input, Multiple Output)

Without MRC Multiple Signals Sent; One Signal Chosen With MRC Multiple Signals Sent and Combined at the Receiver Increasing Fidelity
MIMO AP
Performance
Performed by Receiver (Hear Better)
Combines Multiple Received Signals
Increases Receive Sensitivity
Works with non-MIMO and MIMO Clients
Beam Forming
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Maximal Ratio Combining

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Spatial Multiplexing
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MRC gives a gain of 4.7 dB in UL for all Data Rates MRC Gain is added in Rx Sensitivity number
MRC available for 802.11a/g/n

Combined Effect (Adding all Rx Paths)
3 Antennas Rx Signals
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Software features
Dynamic backhaul data rate
For Your Reference (Software Rel. 6.0 onwards)
Each Link uses Best Possible Rate as per its link quality
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Software features
Backhaul client access
For Your Reference (Software Rel. 7.0 onwards) AP with two 5 GHz Radios AP1524SB Extended Client Access can be unchecked independently from GUI
Warning Messages
(Cisco Controller)> config mesh client-access enable (Cisco Controller)> config mesh client-access enable extended
UA/EUA can be configured from WCS

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Software features
Backhaul channel deselect
Feature helps end user to regulate/restrict set of channels that get assigned to Linear chain automatically. The set is chosen from the DCA list Best suited for avoiding known source of interferences or for outdoor mesh interoperability with indoor mesh or work group bridges (WGBs).
DCA list
100 104 108 112 116 132 136 140
RAP
MAP
Ch 100
Ch 108
Radar affecting ch 136, 140

These channels will NOT be assigned

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Software features
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Software features
Choose the list of channels that the mesh network will use
(Controller) >show advanced 802.11a channel

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Software features
Warning Message
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Software features
Backhaul channel deselect: when useful?
Better Frequency Planning can be done on two adjacent linear spurs to reduce co-channel interference
RAP 1 Hop 2 Hop 3 Hop RAP 1 Hop 2 Hop
Universal access
LRF (Link Role Flexibility) WGB on 5 GHz AP on 2.4 GHz
Station 1
Station 2
RAP
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1 Hop
2 Hop
3 Hop
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RAP
1 Hop
2 Hop 49
Software features
Mobile Access for Vehicles
Both 5Ghz radios are equipped with a Directional antenna to optimize the coverage of the rail
CH 149
Cellular
802.11 Hotspots
RAP 1 CH 161
CH 161
RAP 2 CH 149
Work Group Bridge (WGB)
CH 153
CH 157
RAP CH 153
CH 149
Cisco Router in Vehicle
AP1524 SB
RAP CH 161 CH 161
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Software features
Preferred Parent Selection
For Your Reference (Software Rel. 7.0.116 onwards)
Preferred Parent (P.P) can be configured on an AP
P. P will be selected for the following conditions: P.P parent is the best parent P.P link SNR is at least 20dB (In this case, other parents, however good, are ignored) P.P has link SNR between 12 and 20 dB, but no other parent is significantly better (SNR more than 20% better). For lower than 12dB SNR, P.P configuration is ignored
P.P is not blacklisted P.P is not in silent mode due to DFS. P.P is in the same Bridge Group Name (BGN). If no other parent available in the same BGN, the child will join the P.P using the default BGN
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Software features
Preferred Parent Selection
(Cisco Controller 1) >config mesh parent preferred <AP Name> <MAC addr> (Cisco Controller 1) >config mesh parent preferred MAP1SB ? <MAC addr> radio mac of the preferred parent none clear configured parent Child Parent
(Cisco Controller 1) >config mesh parent preferred MAP1SB 00:24:13:0f:92:00 (Cisco Controller 1) >show ap config general <AP Name> (Cisco Controller 1) >show ap config general MAP1SB
Cisco AP Identifier.............................. Cisco AP Name.................................... Country code..................................... Regulatory Domain allowed by Country............. A, ou tdoor mesh -AB AP Country code.................................. AP Regulatory Domain............................. Switch Port Number .............................. MAC Address...................................... IP Address Configuration......................... IP Address....................................... IP NetMask.......................................
Ethernet Port Duplex............................. Ethernet Port Speed.............................. AP Link Latency.................................. Rogue Detection.................................. AP TCP MSS Adjust................................
40 MAP1SB US - United States 802.11bg:-A 802.11a:-
US - United States 802.11bg:-A 802.11a:-A 1 00:24:50:34:21:00 DHCP 10.51.1.175 255.255.255.0
Auto Auto Disabled Enabled Disabled
Mesh preferred parent............................ 00:24:13:0f:92:00

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CleanAir
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What is CleanAir Technology?

Locate
WCS, MSE
Mitigate
Wireless LAN Controller
POOR
GOOD
Classification processed Classification processed on Access Point on Access Point Interference impact and Interference impact and data sent to WLC for realdata sent to WLC for realtime action time action WCS and MSE store data WCS and MSE store data for location, history, and for location, history, and troubleshooting troubleshooting
Maintain Air Quality
Visualize and Troubleshoot
CH 1
CH 11
AIR QUALITY
PERFORMANCE
Cisco CleanAir
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Network Visibility
Context Aware Services enable WCS to show Interferers location
Map Air Quality View
Interferer Details Zone of Impact
Mesh APs
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Self Healing and Optimization

Interference Aware RRM
Maximizes performance by avoiding interference
Event Driven RRM
CH 1
CH 1
CH 11
CH 1
Self Healing to avoid Wi-Fi degradation
Persistent Device Avoidance

Self Learning to increase reliability
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Clean Air for Mesh
For Your Reference (Software Rel. 7.0.116.0 onwards)
Clean Air on 2.4 GHz for AP1552 & AP3500 in Bridge (Mesh) mode
Interferers detected by Clean Air on 2.4 GHz include
AP1552 offers Clean Air in Bridge (Mesh) Mode -there is no other mode available
No Clean Air on 5 GHz (Backhaul)
No Monitor Mode No Spectrum Connect Mode (SE-ConnectAP)
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CleanAir Recommendations for Outdoors

AP Density recommendation for CleanAir remains the same as normal Mesh AP Deployment (800/1000 feet cell radius)
APs should be RF neighbors for any possibility of Merging (spatial proximity)
Location Resolution in the Outdoors is to the nearest AP Devices generally are located near the AP which is physically closest to the device Outdoor Custom Calibration possible from 7.0.116.0 onwards Location error may double without custom calibration model Installation with a low density of sensors has the possibility of having duplicate entries of interferes
Mixing CleanAir (AP1552) and Legacy APs (AP152X) operating in Local Mode (serving clients) is Not supported nor is recommended
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PMAC Merge in Outdoors
PMAC Convergence and Merging depends upon Density of the Sensors Quality of the observed classification RSSI from the interferer to the APs RF neighbor list at the APs
Cluster Center - is the closest AP to the device
After PMAC signature merging one can identify which APa can hear the device
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CleanAir WLC enable

(WCS identical under Configure=>Controllers)
EDRRM & PDA off by Default
Wireless=>802.11a/b=>CleanAir
CleanAir is enabled by Default on the AP Interface it is disabled Globally by default on the controller.
WLC CLI (Cisco Controller) >config 802.11a/b cleanair enable

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MSE Context Aware

WCS=>Services=>MSE=>Context Aware Service=>Administration=>tracking parameters
Disabled by Default
1 interferer = 1 CAS license
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MSE Context Aware - History

WCS=>Services=>MSE=>Context Aware Service=>Administration=>History Parameters
Disabled by Default
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CleanAir Licensing
A CleanAir AP is the license no special controller license required will work with WCS Base Adding an MSE requires WCS Plus for location CAS (Context Aware) license required for Interference location 100 Permanent Interferers licenses are embedded in MSE. Interferer Licenses open up as Clean Air APs are detected, in stages of 5 per CleanAir AP
Interference and Client location functionally identical and use the same license count
If license is 1000, and interferers are 500, then 500 clients can be displayed
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Design & Planning
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Design & Planning

General Considerations
RF Nature: Not an Exact Science, Especially in Unlicensed Spectrum
Mesh: AP-to-AP Backhaul Distance Capability should be 2x AP-to-Client WiFi Network Planning Involves:
Site Survey to Identify: AP Location & Height, Line-of-Sight (LoS)/Partial LoS, Interference, Access to wired backhaul (i.e. Max # Hops),
Client type (Smart Phones, Tablets, Laptops, ) Weakest Link typically would be the Uplink on a Smart Phone
User Experience: Minimum Throughput to User, Type of Applications (Internet, Video, Gaming, .)
CAPEX & OPEX available for project; Match to type of Service, Robustness of Coverage,
Regulatory Considerations; different countries allow different Tx power at different Frequency Bands.
Type of AP Used: AP1552E&H (External Ant.), AP1552C&I (Integrated Ant.)

AP1552E, AP1552H : Antenna Gain 2.4 GHz (4 dBi), 5 GHz (7 dBi) AP1552C, AP1552I: Antenna Gain 2.4 GHz (2 dBi), 5 GHz (4 dBi)
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Current Standards and Directives:

The 5 GHz Bridging Spectrum
4.94 4.99 5.15 5.25 5.35 5.470
4 Channels 4 Channels 11 Channels
For Your Reference
UNII-2 5.825 Extended 5.725 5.850

5 Channels
ISM 30 dBm
2 Channels
US (FCC)
Radiated Power EIRP inc antenna
33 dBm
UNII-1
17 dBm Indoor only
UNII-2
27 dBm Indoor / Outdoor 23 dBm (200mW)
6 channels (*) 27 dBm

Indoor /Outdoor
5 Channels
UNII-3, 30 dBm
Outdoor
Europe
Radiated Power EIRP inc Antenna
23 dBm (200 mW)
11 Channels 30 dBm
Indoor only
Indoor only
Indoor /Outdoor
DFS + TPC required (**)
(*) 6 channel available today: 120, 124, 128 disabled to be compliant with DFS rules in Canada 116 &132 disabled to be compliant with new FCC Enforcement to protect TDWR
(**) Dynamic Frequency Selection (DFS) Transmit Power Control (TPC)
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Current Standards and Directives:

Dynamic Frequency Selection (DFS) requirements
Frequency (MHz)
CH
1 5150 5250 (UNII-I)

DFS Not Required
36 40 44 48
52 56 60 64 100 104 108 112 116 120 124 128 132 136 140 149 153 157 161 165
DFS required by Regulations to allow WLAN to share the 5GHz band with Radar All Cisco products are compliant Best Practices for Radars: Do a Survey and contact the local authorities to know if there are radars nearby Use Full Sector Mode that prevents MAPs to be isolated after detecting a radar Correctly mount the APs (spacing and antennas alignment) Remove the radar affected channels from the Controller channel list
2 5250 5350 (UNII-II)
5470 5725 (UNII-II extended)
3 5725 5850 (ISM)

DFS Not Required
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Cisco Mesh Antennas

2.4 & 5 GHz Dual Band Antennas for AP1552E and AP1552H
Part Number AIR-ANT2547V-N Description Dual Band 2.4 (4dBi)/5 GHz(7dBi),Omni-Directional
2.4 GHz Antennas for AP1520 Series

Part Number
AIR-ANT2450V-N AIR-ANT2455V-N
Description
2.4 GHz, 5 dBi Compact Omni-Directional 2.4 GHz, 5.5 dBi Compact Omni-Directional
AIR-ANT2480V-N
2.4 GHz, 8 dBi Omni-Directional
4.9/5 GHz Antennas for AP1520 Series

Part Number AIR-ANT5140V-N Description
5.25 to 5.85 GHz, 4 dBi Right Angle Omni-Directional
AIR-ANT5180V-N
AIR-ANT58G10SSA-N AIR-ANT5114P-N
4.9 to 5.85 GHz, 8 dBi Compact Omni-Directional

5.725 to 5.825 GHz, 9.5 dBi Sector 4.9 to 5.85 GHz, 14 dBi Patch
AIR-ANT5117S-N
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4.9 to 5.85 GHz, 17 dBi 90o Sector

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Design and planning

Network Architecture (an example)
Small village in Digital Divide
WLC
LOS 5GHz link up to 8 km
RAP
5GHz/ 2.4GHz
POP
MAP
RAP
Business Area in Digital Divide

5GHz/ 2.4GHz
MAP
Service Provider Network
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Design & Planning (A Domain)

Guidance
AP-to-Client Distance AP1522: AP1552C/I: AP1552E/H:
1 meter= 3.28 ft 1 mile = 1.61 km 1 sq-meter = 10.7 sq-ft 1 sq-mile = 2.6 sq-km
2.4 GHz (A Domain) 600 ft/180 m 800 ft/250 m 1000 ft/300 m
Recommendations AP to AP (Backhaul) = 2 X (AP to Client Distance)
AP to AP = 2x(AP-Client) AP1522: 1200 ft/366 m AP1552C/I: 1600 ft/500 m AP1552E/H: 2000 ft/600 m
AP Density AP1522: AP1552C & AP1552I: AP1552E & AP1552H: Assumptions:
Height: APs are at 33 Ft (10 m); Client @ 3.3 ft (1 m) Throughput: > 1 Mbps. Decreasing AP-AP Distance improves coverage Near LoS. Flat Terrain Environment
25 AP/sq-mile = 10 AP/sq-km 14 AP/sq-mile = 5.3 AP/sq-km 9 AP/sq-mile = 3.5 AP/sq-km
72
Design & Planning

Guidance- Greenfield Deployment in a Flat Environment
RAP MAP
AP-to-Client Cell Radius @ 2.4 GHz

AP 1552C/I: AP 1552E/H: R= 250 meters R= 300 meters
MAP
AP-Client Coverage 2.4 GHz AP-Client Coverage 5 GHz AP-AP Backhaul Coverage 5 GHz
AP-AP Distance 2x AP-Client Distance
Range Calculator
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/partner/products/ps11451/products_implementation_design_guides_list.html
73
Design & Planning

SNR vs Bandwidth 11a/g
(Table is also valid for 1522 2.4 GHz radio with 3 Rx )
11a MCS
6 Mb/s 9 Mb/s
For Your Reference
MRC Gain from 3 RXs Modulation Min SNR (dB) (dB)
Fade Margin (dB)
Req.Link SNR (dB)
BPSK 1/2
BPSK 3/4
5
6
4.7
4.7
9
9
9.3
10.3
12 Mb/s
18 Mb/s
QPSK 1/2
QPSK 3/4
7
9
4.7
4.7
9
9
11.3
13.3
24 Mb/s
36 Mb/s 48 Mb/s
16QAM 1/2 16QAM 3/4

64QAM2/3
13 17
20
4.7 4.7
4.7
9 9
9
17.3 21.3
24.3
54 Mb/s
64QAM 3/4
22
4.7
26.3
(*) LinkSNR = Minimum SNR - MRC + Fade Margin (9 dB)

74
Design & Planning

SNR vs Bandwidth 5 GHz 11n
# of Spatial Streams 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
For Your Reference Fade Margin (dB) 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 Link SNR (dB) 9.3 11.3 13.3 17.3 21.3 24.3 26.3 27.3 12.3 14.3 16.3 20.3 24.3 27.3 29.3 30.3
11n MCS MCS 0 MCS 1 MCS 2 MCS 3 MCS 4 MCS 5 MCS 6 MCS 7 MCS 8 MCS 9 MCS 10 MCS 11 MCS 12 MCS 13 MCS 14 MCS 15
Modulation BPSK 1/2 QPSK 1/2 QPSK 3/4 16QAM 1/2 16QAM 3/4 64QAM2/3 64QAM 3/4 64QAM 5/6 BPSK 1/2 QPSK 1/2 QPSK 3/4 16QAM 1/2 16QAM 3/4 64QAM2/3 64QAM 3/4 64QAM 5/6
Min SNR (dB) 5 7 9 13 17 20 22 23 5 7 9 13 17 20 22 23
MRC Gain from 3 RXs (dB) 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7
(*) LinkSNR = Minimum SNR - MRC + Fade Margin (9 dB)

75
Sectorization
AP to AP distance as per the Range Recommendations
3 Hops
1 Hop to RAP
2 Hops to RAP
3 Hops to RAP
RAP
MAP
MAP
One Square Mile, 25 Cells (max)

76
Bridge Group Name (BGN)-Sectorization

Logically groups APs and controls the association of the radios
For adding capacity we recommend that you have more than one RAP in the same sector, with the same BGN, but on different channels A factory default BGN is empty (NULL VALUE). BGN is a string of Eleven characters maximum
Mesh APs with incorrect BGN, can still join a running network using BGN as the word Default AP using default BGN
Associate clients, and forms mesh relationships After 15 minutes APs will go to SCAN state rather than Rebooting
77
Site Survey and deployment

Get creative, use different tools
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Collocating APs
Proper spacing = better performance and coverage Minimum Vertical Separation of 3 meters (10m if on adjacent channels) Antennas vertical alignment is another important factor Consider RF interferences: use Spectrum Expert
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Grounding the AP
1- Outdoor Light Control 2- Streetlight Adapter 3-Copper Grounding wire

POWER INJECTOR
10 AWG or Larger Ground Wire
Street Light Power Tap supports 100 to 480 VAC

83

Environmental impact
Equipment Inside
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Deployment Examples
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Target Areas for Wi-Fi Offload

Where People Go!
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Monetizing Coverage and Capacity with Next Generation Hotspot

1
Next Generation Hotspot
802.1x , EAP-SIM, EAP-AKA Auto SIM credentials Encrypted Wi-Fi Link 802.11i Network Discovery 802.11u Seamless authentication & Wi-Fi roaming - Wireless Broadband Alliance
Mobile concierge service enablement MSAP
RELIABLE
Carrier class solution
SEAMLESS
Simplifies network discovery and selection for seamless cellular data offload
SECURE
Extends existing SIM-based authentication techniques over encrypted Wi-Fi
PROFITABLE
Enables locationbased and valueadded services
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Customer Experience Transformation

MSAP- Mobility Service Advertisement Protocol Reach customers at the moment of choice
Secure Wi-Fi Network Discovery
Special offers today
Receive transient applications without user intervention
A New Mobile Experience for Mobile Subscribers

88
High Density Deployments Super Bowl XLV Cowboys Stadium

942 indoor and outdoor APs 24 Wireless Controllers
WCS in continuous operation

+50,000 AT&T clients in the stadium
96.5% Successful Authentication (Target 96%) 100% Service Availability

(Target 99.99%)
67GB Total Data Traffic from all AT&T Wi-Fi users

89
Service Provider Wi-Fi Convention Center

Mobile World Congress 2011
Operate free Wi-Fi Hotspot network for attendees
CleanAir Intelligent Reliability ClientLink High Density Coverage Video Stream Quality Video Band Select Optimized Throughput
Cisco Cloud Connect

Managing wireless cloud services
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Service Providers Wi-Fi Deployments

Continuous coverage for NY metro area with more than 25,000 APs (indoor and outdoor) Internet access on commuter Rails & Ferries feeding into NY city
Large convention coverage in Madison Square Garden & Radio City Music Hall Increases customer stickiness with differentiated Wi-Fi service for reduced customer churn
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Q&A
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Complete your session evaluation online now (open a browser through our wireless network to access our portal) or visit one of the Internet stations throughout the Convention Center. Dont forget to activate your Cisco Live and Networkers Virtual account for access to all session materials, communities, and ondemand and live activities throughout the year. Activate your account at any internet station or visit www.ciscolivevirtual.com.
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Design and Deployment of Outdoor Mesh Wireless Networks

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Design and Deployment of Outdoor Mesh Wireless Networks

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Design and Deployment of Outdoor Mesh Wireless Networks

July 12, 2011

2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Associated Sessions and Recommended Readings

2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Wireless Connectivity Outdoors

2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

What is Outdoor Wireless all about?

What is outdoor wireless?

2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Small Cells Increase Existing Capacity

Service Provider Wi-Fi Levels of Adoption

Local Low Cost WiFi Vendors

WebAuth Side Business

3G-like Experience (EAP-SIM)

Cisco WiFi and WiFi Mesh is ready for Outdoors

Zero on-going communication costs

Why WiFi Outdoors?

Scalability & Ease of use

Outdoor extension of the indoor Wireless LAN

2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Cisco Outdoor Wireless Architecture

2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Cisco Outdoor Wireless

Bridging: basic LAN to LAN wireless connectivity

Cisco Outdoor Wireless

Cisco Unified Wireless Network

Centralized WLAN architecture

Network Control System (NCS) or Wireless Control System (WCS)

802.11n and 802.11a/g

Wireless LAN Context Aware Controller(WLC)

Monitor and migrate

Clean Air / Spectrum Intelligence

Standalone/Lightweight Access Points

Multilevel Security Adaptive Wireless

2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Wireless Controller Product Portfolio

Performance & Features

APs: Up to 500 Clients: Up to 7,000 I/O: Up to 81Gig. SFP

Wireless Services Module 2 Cisco 5500 Series Wireless Controller

Mobility Domain Size: 36000 APs

APs: Up to 50 Clients: Up to 500 I/O: ISR G2 Backplane

RAPs/MAPs counted as one AP Mesh not supported on Flex 7500

# of Clients Supported (Scale)

Cisco Wireless Mesh

Self-configuring, self-healing Mesh

Scalability at different Layers

Cisco Wireless Mesh

Mesh carries two types of traffic:

2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Cisco Wireless Mesh

Cisco Wireless Mesh

More RAPs for sector capacity

Cisco Wireless Mesh

WLC-A Tunnel EoIP B to A AP-22

2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Cisco 1500 Series Wireless Broadband Platform

Modular Radio Design

Internal Battery Backup Option

Rugged, Industrial Enclosure

Power over Ethernet Port

Integrated DOCSIS 3.0 Cable Modem Option

2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.