Chapter 13: STATISTICS Data Data is a collection of information or facts.

Data can be collect and record by counting, observing, measuring, interviewing and using questionnaire. Example: Record the following data systematically in a table: A total of 20 students were interviewed to find out the colour they like best. [4 students like red, 3 students like blue, 6 students like green, 2 students like orange and 5 students like yellow] Answer: Colour like Number of students Red 4 Blue Green Orange Yellow

Organize the data into a frequency table. Number of students 30 Frequency Question: The table below shows the grades in a Science test of a class. Grade A B C D E Frequency 12 8 4 6 2 a) How many students are there in the class? Total students in the class = ..+..+..+..+.. = .. b) How many students scored grade B? .. c) Which grade has the highest frequency? .. d) What fraction of the total number of students obtained grade E? Total number of students obtained grade E = .. Total number of students in the class = .. Fraction = Pictograms, Bar Charts and Line Graphs Pictogram A pictogram uses symbols or pictures to represent data. Question: The table below shows the number of students in four Form 2 classes. Construct a pictogram to show the information. Class 2A 2B 2C 2D Boy 18 21 15 12 Girl 12 18 15 18 Answer: Number of Students in Four Form 2 Classes Class 2A 2B 2C 2D Boy Girl represent 3 boys Represent 3 girls Bar charts A bar chart uses rectangular bars to represent data. Question: The table below shows the number of students in four Form 2 classes. Construct a bar chart to show the information. Class 2A 2B 2C 2D Boy 18 21 15 12 Girl 12 18 15 18 2

Frequency Frequency is the number of times a result, an item or an event occurs. Frequency of data: The data below shows how many hours each of 2 Fantastic students spends on homework per day. 5 2 3 1 4 3 2 1 5 4 1 4 3 4 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 1 3 4 2 3 2 4 3 4 2 3 Notice that the number 3 appears 10 times. We can say that the frequency of 3 hours is 10. Frequency can be determined easily by tallying each number of hours noted. Number of hours Tally Frequency 1 //// 4 2 3 5 6 Frequency tables: From the data given, we can build a frequency table: Number of hours 1 2 3 Frequency 4

Question: The following data shows the number of students in 20 classes. 33 31 30 32 31 32 33 30 32 31 30 32 31 30 33 32 32 32 30 31

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Line Graph A line graph is a graph in which the points are joint by line segments to represent data collected over a period of time, Question: The result of temperature of Genting Highlands was measured every two hours throughout a day. Build a line graph to represent the table. Time 0200 0400 0600 0800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400 Temperature (C0) 18 19 20 21 23 24 25 22 21 19 18 16

Line Graph A line graph is a graph in which the points are joint by line segments to represent data collected over a period of time, Question: The result of temperature of Genting Highlands was measured every two hours throughout a day. Build a line graph to represent the table. Time 0200 0400 0600 0800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400 Temperature (C0) 18 19 20 21 23 24 25 22 21 19 18 16