Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Thick Cylinders
For any element in the wall of a thick cylinder the stresses will be radial stress, hoop stress tangential, longitudinal axial stresses.
Longitudinal stress
L =
2 P1 R12 P2 R2 2 R2 R12
Lames Theory
For cylindrical thick vessels the following differential equation is used to determine the hoop and the radial stresses at any point through the thickness of the shell. d H r = r r dr
Hoop Stress
For the hoop and radial stresses the following equations are used: B r = A 2 r B H = A+ 2 r Where A and B are constants which can be determined using the pressure conditions inside and outside the cylinder.
Using these two conditions the following results will be obtained: A= PR12 PR 2 R 2 and B = 2 1 22 2 R2 R12 R2 R1
R2 2 1 2 PR12 R2 r 2 r r = 2 = P 2 2 R2 R1 r K 2 1
Where K =
d 2 R2 = d 1 R1
R2 2 + 1 2 PR12 R2 r 1 + 2 = P 2 H = 2 2 K 1 R2 R1 r The hoop (H) and radial (r) stresses are maximum at r=R1
The maximum shear stress occurs at the inside radius (at r=R1) and max =
B r2
At r = R 1 , r = P1 and at r = R 2 , r = P2
A=
2 R12 R2 1 2 2 r = 2 P1 R1 1 2 + P2 R2 1 + 2 r R2 R12 r
H =
1 2 R2 R12
2 R2 R 2 2 P1 R12 1 + 2 P2 R2 1 + 1 2 r r
Change of Diameter:
D = H =
D =
1 ( H r L ) all stresses are tensile. E 2r ( H r L ) E
Change of Length:
L =
1 ( L r H ) all stresses are tensile. E L L = ( L r H ) E
max =
2)
Thick Spheres
For the hoop and radial stresses the following equations are used: 2B r = A 3 r B H = A+ 3 r
A=
r = H
A=
r = H =
1 3 R2 R13
3