EE 214 Electronic Circuits Laboratory

EXPERIMENT IV IMPEDANCE MEASUREMENT Abstract: Impedance measurement methods are introduced and impedances of several electrical components are measured. Preliminary Work

1) Consider the circuit in Fig.1. Propose a method to find the i vs. v characteristics of a resistive element R using the given circuit configuration and CRO. Decide on the probe connections and mode of operation for a grounded output signal source and a floating output signal source.

i vin (t) = Vi sin(wt)

1 K R

+ v -

Figure 1 2) The Wheatstone bridge circuit shown in Fig.2 is used to measure an unknown resistance R. a i1 R1 i2 R2

vin (t)

b iD i R

D
i3 R3 d Figure 2

The detector D, used to check whether the bridge is balanced, can be an ammeter, a voltmeter or a CRO. When the bridge is balanced, the detector current iD is zero (the balance situation is achieved by adjusting R3). Thus, vab = vac R1 i1 = R2 i2 vbd = vcd R i = R3 i3 i1 = i, i2 = i3

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EE 214 Electronic Circuits Laboratory

which yield,
R= R1 R3 R2

3) Consider the circuit of Fig.3. Find the capacitance of the capacitor C in terms of the measured current and voltage values (rms values) and the angular frequency w. +

A Rs +
vin (t) = Vi sin(wt)

Figure 3 4) The capacitance comparison bridge circuit shown in Fig.4 is used to measure an unknown capacitance C and its associated resistance R. a i2 i1 R2 R1 vin (t) = Vi sin(wt) b R3 i3 C3 Figure 4
d

iD

D
R i C

Derive the given expressions for C and R when the bridge is balanced:

C=

R1 C3 , R2

R=

R2 R3 R1

5) Consider the circuit of Fig.5. Find the charge q and the capacitance of the capacitor C in terms of K, R, v2 and vc.
v2 (t ) = K

v ( ) d
t 1

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EE 214 Electronic Circuits Laboratory

iI = 0 + vin (t) R v1 - vc + Figure 5 6) Replace C in Fig.3 by an inductor L whose practical equivalent model is shown in Fig.6 where r is the resistance of turns. Find L in terms of the measured current and voltage values, the angular frequency and the resistance r. L r INTEGRATOR + v2 -

Figure 6 7) The Maxwell bridge circuit shown in Fig.7 is used to measure an unknown inductance L and its resistance of turns. Derive the given expressions for L and r when the bridge is balanced: L = C1 R2 R3 , r= i1 R1 C1 vin (t) b i3 R3 d Figure 7 8) Consider the circuit given in Fig.8. Find the flux and the inductance of the inductor L in terms of K, R, v2 and vR. L, r iD D i c R2 R3 R1 a i2 R2

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EE 214 Electronic Circuits Laboratory

v2 (t ) = K
iI = 0 +

v ( ) d
t 1

vin (t) R - vR +

v1 -

INTEGRATOR

v2 -

Figure 8 9) Consider the circuit given in Fig.9. Propose two methods to obtain the magnitude and the phase of unknown impedance, Z, using DSO. (Hint: Use X-Y and Y-T (time) modes of DSO. Assume that the magnitude of the unknown impedance is much larger than 10 and that the signal generator is grounded output).

Z vin (t) = Vi sin (t) R = 10

Figure 9 Experimental Procedure

1) Adjust the signal generator to 500 Hz, 6 Vpeak and apply this signal to a capacitor C of 1Fnominal capacitance value. Measure the current through and voltage across C using a multimeter and determine its capacitance. 2) Set up the circuit of Fig.11 for vin (t) =10 sin(2ft) volts, f = 100 Hz. Obtain and plot the q vs. v characteristics of the capacitor C and determine its capacitance. its capacitance.

v 2 (t ) =

1 R1C1

v ( )d
t 1

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EE 214 Electronic Circuits Laboratory

R1 100 K Y + vin (t) 100 - vc + 220 F X Figure 11 3) Repeat Part 1 for an inductor L of 0.1 H nominal inductance value, to determine its inductance. Note that the resistance of turns should be measured using a multimeter. 4) Set up the Maxwell bridge circuit shown in Fig.7 with capacitance and resistance decade boxes as C1 and R1, R2 = R3 = 1.2 K and vin(t) = 10 sin (2000t) volts. Calculate L and r (use voltmeter as detector D ). 5) Find the impedance Z shown in Fig.12 for f = 1.5 kHz using a DSO. A A C = 0.1 F R = 1 K L = 0.1 H v1 C1 0.1F + v2 Gx,y

B Figure 12

Equipment List
DSO, Signal Generator, Multimeter, Capacitance Decade Box, Resistance Decade Box, Capacitors (0.1F, 1 F, 220 F), Inductor (0.1 H), Resistors (10, 2.2 Kpot, 100 , 21 K, 21.2 K, 100 K).

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