Oscar C. Saribong II Anthropological Analysis MA Social Studies Education I.

Salazar Types of Societies Hunting and Gathering Societies

Sociological

and Prof. Elaine

The members of hunting and gathering societies primarily survive by hunting animals, fishing and gathering plants. The vast majority of these societies existed in the past, with only a few living today on the verge of extinction. Hunting and gathering societies were typically small and quite mobile or nomadic, moving constantly in search of food and water. These societies are tribal, members shared an ancestral heritage and a common set of traditions and rituals. They also sacrificed their individuality for the sake of larger tribal culture. Example of this society is the Tasaday of Philippine Islands. Pastoral Societies Pastoral Societies which first emerged 12,000 years ago, pasture animals for food and transportation. These societies still exists today, primarily in the desert lands of North Africa where horticulture and manufacturing are not possible. Domesticating animals allows for more manageable food supply than hunting and gathering, they were also able to produce surplus goods for them to remain in a single place for a long period of time. Pastoral Societies allow certain of its members to engage in nonsurvival activities. Traders, healers, spiritual leaders, craftspeople and people with other specialty professions appear. Examples of this society are the North African nomads. Agricultural Societies These societies use technological advances to cultivate crops such as wheat, rice and corn over a large area. Sociologists use the phrase Agricultural Revolution because of the technological that occurred as long as 8,500 years ago that le to cultivating crops and raising farm animals. The increase in food supply led to larger populations. Surplus goods resulted to the formation of town and trade centers. Greater degrees of social stratification appeared in agricultural societies. Example of this society is the Egyptian and Roman Empires

Industrial Societies Industrial societies are based on using machines that are fuel driven, to produce goods. Sociologists refer to the period during the 18th century when the production of goods in mechanized factories began as the Industrial Revolution. The Industrial Revolution appeared first in Britain, and then quickly spread to the rest of the world. As productivity increased, means of transportation improved to better facilitate the transfer of products from place to place. Great wealth was attained by the few who owned factories, and the masses found jobs working in the factories. These societies are also characterized by social conflict between the owners of the factories and laborers. The industrial revolution also saw the development of bureaucratic forms of organizations, complete with written rules, job descriptions, impersonal positions, and hierarchal methods of management. Examples of this society are United States, Japan, West Germany and Switzerland. Post-Industrial Societies These societies according to Sociologists are information, knowledge and selling of services is based because of the technological revolution. These societies are driven by the human mind and aided by the computer technology. Although factories will always exist, the key to wealth and power seems to lie in the ability to generate, store manipulate and sell information. In these societies sociologists predict the decline of social conflict and believe that these societies will become more concerned with the welfare of all the members of the society. Resources: TYPES OF SOCIETIES http://www.cliffsnotes.com/study_guide/Types-ofSocieties.topicArticleId26957,articleId-26856.html http://www.vernonjohns.org/vernjohns/rntofc.html http://www.angelfire.com/or/sociologyshop/fairuse.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Types_of_societies