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FILIPINO CHEMIST Lourdes Jansuy Cruz, PhD is a Filipina biochemist.

She is best known for her research on the properties of toxins found in Conus snails. She was conferred the rank and title of National Scientist in 2008. Education and Career.Her studies contributed to the characterization of over 50 biologically active peptides, which were later used as biochemical probes for examining the activities of the human brain. In 2001, she established the Rural Livelihood Incubator, a program which aimed to alleviate poverty and socio-political instability in the rural areas by giving job and livelihood opportunities to their people. Amando Kapauan (July 4, 1931 October 12, 1996) was a chemist and researcher. He graduated magna cum laude from University of the Philippines, Diliman in 1952, with a bachelor s degree in chemistry. He obtained his doctorate from the University of Southern California in 1959. Francisco Quisumbing - Filipino Inventor: Filipino chemist, Francisco Quisumbing invented Quink ink, which is used in Parker Pens. Quink ink is named after the inventor. It is a quick drying ink with a cleaning property that prevents the ink from clogging the pen. FOREIGN CHEMIST Gilbert Newton Lewis (October 23, 1875 March 23, 1946)[1] was an American physical chemist known for the discovery of the covalent bond (see his Lewis dot structures and his 1916 paper "The Atom and the Molecule"), his purification of heavy water, his reformulation of chemical thermodynamics in a mathematically rigorous manner accessible to ordinary chemists, his theory of Lewis acids and bases, and his photochemical experiments. In 1926, Lewis coined the term "photon" for the smallest unit of radiant energy. He was a brother in Alpha Chi Sigma, the professional chemistry fraternity, and for most of his long professorial career, a professor of chemistry at the University of California, Berkeley. Sir William Henry Perkin, FRS (12 March 1838 14 July 1907) was an English chemist best known for his discovery, at the age of 18, of the first aniline dye, mauveine. William Perkin was born in the East End of London, the youngest of the seven children of George Perkin, a successful carpenter. His mother, Sarah, was of Scottish descent but moved to east London as a child.[1] He was baptised in the parish church of St Paul's, Shadwell, which had been connected to such luminaries as James Cook, Jane Randolph Jefferson (mother of Thomas Jefferson) and John Wesley. At the age of 14, Perkin attended the City of London School, where he was taught by Thomas Hall, who fostered his scientific talent and encouraged him to pursue a career in chemistry.[1] Sir Joseph John "J. J." Thomson, OM, FRS (18 December 1856 30 August 1940) was a British physicist and Nobel laureate. He is credited for the discovery of the electron and of isotopes, and the invention of the mass spectrometer. Thomson was awarded the 1906 Nobel Prize in Physics for the discovery of the electron and for his work on the conduction of electricity in gases. Otto Wallach (27 March 1847 - 26 February 1931) was a German chemist and recipient of the 1910 Nobel prize in Chemistry for his work on alicyclic compounds.[1][2] During his work with Friedrich Kekul in Bonn he started a systematic analysis of the terpenes present in essential oils. Up to this time only a few were isolated in pure form, and structural information was sparse. Melting point comparison and the measurement of mixtures was one of the methods to confirm identical substances. For this method the mostly liquid terpenes had to be transformed into crystalline compounds.

FOREIGN CHEMIST Nicolas Louis Vauquelin (16 May 1763 - 14 November 1829), was a French pharmacist and chemist. At first his work appeared as that of his master and patron, then in their joint names; in 1790 he began to publish on his own, and between that year and 1833 his name is associated with 376 papers. Most of these were simple records of patient and laborious analytical operations, and it is perhaps surprising that among all the substances he analysed he only detected two new elements, beryllium in 1798 in beryl and chromium in 1797 in a red lead ore from Siberia. He also managed to get liquid ammonia at atmospheric pressure. Svante Arrhenius (1859 -1927) - He was initially a physicist but more popular as a chemist because, he was the one who proposed the equation now known as the Arrhenius equation. He was also one of the first chemists who proposed that when in a solution the salt dissociates into ions even in the absence of an electric current. Amedeo Avogadro (1776 1856) - When we think of famous chemists and their contributions Avogadro is one of the first few names that one can think of. He is known for proposing the Avogadro's Law which states that, "Equal volumes of gases contain the equal number of molecules when the given temperature and pressure are same for all the gases." The number of molecules present is known as, Avogadro's number and is 6.023 x 1023 Jons Jacob Berzelius (1779 1848) - He was a Swedish chemist who gave the technique of chemical formula notations. He also proposed the law of constant proportions, which proved that inorganic substances are made of elements that are in constant proportion by weight. FILIPINO CHEMIST Julian Banzon - Filipino Chemist: Filipino chemist, Julian Banzon researched methods of producing alternative fuels. Julian Banzon experimented with the production of ethyl esters fuels from sugarcane and coconut, and invented a means of extracting residual coconut oil by a chemical process rather than a physical process. Francisco Quisumbing - Filipino Inventor: Filipino chemist, Francisco Quisumbing invented Quink ink, which is used in Parker Pens. Quink ink is named after the inventor. It is a quick drying ink with a cleaning property that prevents the ink from clogging the pen. Amando Kapauan (July 4, 1931 October 12, 1996) was a chemist and researcher. He graduated magna cum laude from University of the Philippines, Diliman in 1952, with a bachelor s degree in chemistry. He obtained his doctorate from the University of Southern California in 1959. Lourdes Jansuy Cruz, PhD is a Filipina biochemist. She is best known for her research on the properties of toxins found in Conus snails. She was conferred the rank and title of National Scientist in 2008.

FILIPINO CHEMIST
Po Andrade, Jr. is the best-selling author of the highly controversial book The Fooling of America, The Untold Story of Carlos P. Romulo that was published in 1986 and republished in 1991. The book is an expos on Carlos P. Rmulos true character and political motives. He made several researches on radiation chemistry, textile chemistry, food product development, pesticide chemistry, ethnobotany, and biomass energy. Julian Banzon - Filipino chemist, Julian Banzon researched methods of producing alternative fuels. Julian Banzon experimented with the production of ethyl esters fuels from sugarcane and coconut, and invented a means of extracting residual coconut oil by a chemical process rather than a physical process. Doctor Francisco Santos is an agricultural chemist who studied the nutritive values and chemical composition of local foods from the Philippines. His data was used to help detect and solve problems with Filipino diets. Francisco Quisumbing Filipino chemist invented Quink ink, which is used in Parker Pens. Quink ink is named after the inventor. It is a quick drying ink with a cleaning property that prevents the ink from clogging the pen. FOREIGN
Marie Curie (1867 1934) - She was a Polish born chemist and physicist who later acquired French citizenship. She is renowned for her discoveries in the phenomenon of radioactivity.Marie Curie discovered the radioactive elements radium and polonium for which she was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry.

John Dalton (1766 1844) - He was an English chemist who is well known for his discovery of atoms and the theory known as John Dalton's atomic theory. He stated that an atom is a fundamental unit of matter and these atoms can neither be created nor destroyed.

Michael Faraday (1791 1867) - He was an English chemist and physicist who made contributions in the field of electrochemistry and electromagnetism. In the field of chemistry, it was Michael Faraday who discovered the aromatic compound benzene.

Joseph Louis GayLussac (1778 1850) - He was a French chemist and physicist who is known for his work on gases. He proposed the Gay-Lussacs Law which states that, "At constant mass and pressure values, the volume of a gas increases linearly with temperature."

Dorothy Mary Hodgkin (1910 1994) - She was a British chemist who used the technique of X-ray crystallography to elucidate the structures of biomolecules. She also won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for her work in protein crystallography.

Henri Louis Le Chatelier (1850 1936) - He was a French chemist who proposed the principle for chemical equilibrium, known as the Le Chatelier's principle.

FILIPINO Julian Banzon - Filipino chemist, Julian Banzon researched methods of producing alternative fuels. Julian Banzon experimented with the production of ethyl esters fuels from sugarcane and coconut, and invented a means of extracting residual coconut oil by a chemical process rather than a physical process. Doctor Francisco Santos is an agricultural chemist who studied the nutritive values and chemical composition of local foods from the Philippines. His data was used to help detect and solve problems with Filipino diets. Francisco Quisumbing - Filipino Inventor: Filipino chemist, Francisco Quisumbing invented Quink ink, which is used in Parker Pens. Quink ink is named after the inventor. It is a quick drying ink with a cleaning property that prevents the ink from clogging the pen. Amando Kapauan (July 4, 1931 October 12, 1996) was a chemist and researcher. He graduated magna cum laude from University of the Philippines, Diliman in 1952, with a bachelor s degree in chemistry. He obtained his doctorate from the University of Southern California in 1959. Lourdes Jansuy Cruz, PhD is a Filipina biochemist. She is best known for her research on the properties of toxins found in Conus snails. She was conferred the rank and title of National Scientist in 2008. FOREIGN Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev ( 1834 1907) - A Russian chemist, he was the one who charted the first periodic table, which has now undergone a lot of modifications. The table however, was so designed that there was scope to fit in new elements which were yet to be discovered then. Ernest Rutherford (1871-1937) Honored as the father of nuclear physics, Ernest Rutherford was a British-New Zealand chemist and physicist renowned for his discovery of half life in radioactive substances which is also referred to as radioactivity. In 1908, he received the Nobel Prize in chemistry. Following that, he postulated planetary model or Rutherford model for structure of an atom. He was the first chemist to try splitting of an atom and it's nucleus. Marie Curie (1867-1934) The term 'radioactivity' was coined by none other than the famous chemist and physicist, Marie Curie. She did her research work in radioactive isotopes and their isolation. She is also credited for discovery of radium and polonium. Her revolutionary discoveries are evident from the two Nobel prizes, which were awarded in 1903 (in physics) and 1911 (in chemistry). In fact, she was the first to be honored with two Nobel prizes. Lorenzo Romano Avogadro (1776-1856) Lorenzo Romano Avogadro is an Italian chemist, who started his career in Canon law and latter stated Avogadro's Law concerning the masses of gases. You might have already come across Avogadro constant, which is nothing but the number of particles (ions, atoms, molecules) present in 1 mole of the particular substance. The term 'Avogadro constant' is assigned in tribute to the contributions made by him in molecular chemistry.

FOREIGN
Ernest Rutherford (1871-1937) Honored as the father of nuclear physics, Ernest Rutherford was a British-New Zealand chemist and physicist renowned for his discovery of half life in radioactive substances which is also referred to as radioactivity. In 1908, he received the Nobel Prize in chemistry. Following that, he postulated planetary model or Rutherford model for structure of an atom. He was the first chemist to try splitting of an atom and it's nucleus. Marie Curie (1867-1934) The term 'radioactivity' was coined by none other than the famous chemist and physicist, Marie Curie. She did her research work in radioactive isotopes and their isolation. She is also credited for discovery of radium and polonium. Her revolutionary discoveries are evident from the two Nobel prizes, which were awarded in 1903 (in physics) and 1911 (in chemistry). In fact, she was the first to be honored with two Nobel prizes.

John Dalton (1766-1844) Started as a lecturer, Sir John Dalton is one of the most famous chemists. His achievements include discovery of atoms, development of John Dalton's atomic theory and color blindness findings. He postulated that elements are made up of small atoms, which can neither be created nor destroyed. In his theory, it was mentioned that atoms of an element are similar to each other, but they differ from those of other elements. Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev (1834-1907) Leaf through the history of periodic table of elements and you will come across Dmitri Mendeleev, a Russian chemist. He was the creator of original periodic table, though various modifications have been made to it for better referencing. In the Mendeleev periodic table, 68 elements were arranged in increasing order of the atomic weight and similar properties. At that time, he already knew about the existence of other elements that were yet to be discovered. FILIPINO Julian Banzon - experimented with the production of ethyl ester fuels from sugarcane and coconut and invented a means of extracting residual coconut oil by a chemical process rather than a physical process. A pioneer for alternative fuels rom the 1930's and 40's. Francisco Quisumbing - invented Quink ink (currently used in Parker Pens) which is a quick drying ink that prevents the ink from clogging the pen. Ramon Barba - created crop flowering techniques using a potassium nitrate spray. Due to his discoveries in tropical tree physiology, the Philippines is the leading exporter of mangoes and mango products. Francisco Santos - studied the nutritive values and chemical composition of local foods from the Philippines. His data was used to help detect and solve problems with Filipino diets. Rolando De La Cruz - inventor of an anti-cancer skin cream. Anacleto Del Rosario - Winner of first prize at the World Fair in Paris in 1881 for for producing a pure alcohol from tuba of a nipa palm. His research also led to the process of extracting castor oil from a native plant called palma christi.

Contribution of Egypt Egypt Civilization invention of: y Glass y Linen y Paper and ink y the calendar y the clock y Geometry and the alphabet y The refinement of dress and ornament y Furniture and dwellings y Society and life Ancient Egypt Art At first the luxury of isolation and peace, and then, under Thutmose III and Rameses II, the spoils of oppression and war, gave to Egypt the opportunity and the means for massive architecture, masculine statuary, and a hundred minor arts that so early touched perfection. The whole theory of progress hesitates before Egyptian art. Ancient Egypt Architecture Architecture was the noblest of the ancient Egypt arts, because it combined in imposing form mass and duration, beauty and use. Architecture began humbly in the adornment of tombs and the external decoration of homes. Egypt Art Sculpture The Egyptians were the greatest builders in history. Some would add that they were also the greatest sculptors. Here at the outset is the Sphinx, conveying by its symbolism the leonine quality of some masterful Pharaoh perhaps Khafre-Chephren; it has not only size, as some have thought, but character. Ancient Egypt Art Painting In Egypt, except during the reign of the Ptolemies and under the influence of Greece, painting never rose to the status of an independent art; it remained an accessory to architecture, sculpture and relief, the painter filled in the outlines carved by the cutting tool. But though subordinate, it was ubiquitous.

Egypt s contribution

Egyptian culture made an enormous contribution to the history of art. It was the earliest and longest living of all the ancient art forms around the Mediterranean. Egyptian civilization was shaped by the geography of the country as well as the political, social and religious customs of the period. Protected by its desert borders and sustained by the waters of the Nile, Egyptian culture developed largely unhindered (by external invasion or internal strife) over many centuries. The Pharaoh (originally meaning 'palace') was worshipped as a divine ruler (supposedly the incarnation of the god Horus), but typically maintained firm control through a strict bureaucratic hierarchy, whose members were often appointed on merit. The function of Egyptian art was twofold. First, to glorify the gods - including the Pharaoh - and facilitate human passage into the after-life. Second, to assert, propagandize and preserve the values of the day. Due to the general stability of Egyptian life and culture, all arts - including architecture, sculpture, painting, metalwork and ceramics - were characterized by a highly conservative adherence to traditional rules, which favoured order and form over creativity and artistic expression. Ancient Egypt is renowned for its monumental Egyptian architecture (eg. thePyramids), its tomb artworks ('mummy art', paintings, sculptures, ceramics and precious metal crafts), it's hieroglyphics (the Egyptian writing script based on pictures and symbols) and its general artistic style. The latter remained largely independent of foreign artists until the spread of Greek culture during the Hellenistic period (323-31 BCE).

Egypt s culture
Ancient Egyptian Culture represents the ancient ages of Egypt . The Ancient Egyptian age was a very fascinating era in history. Beginning approximately in the year 3000 BC, the ancient era of Egypt lasted till about 300 BC. Extensive excavations of Egyptian historical sites have revealed that ancient Egypt had achieved very high standards of culture. Artifacts and relics found from these excavations reveal that ancient Egyptians were very conscious about fashion and culture. The ancient royalty of Egypt such as the pharaohs wore a lot of gold jewelry. The abundance of this precious metal made ancient Egypt a rich nation. The royal tombs of Egypt also reveal that they wore silk fabrics. Ancient Egyptian clothing was classified on the caste hierarchy. The ancient Egyptians were very religious minded. Gods and goddesses were part of everyday life of ancient Egyptians. They had their gods and goddesses on whom they had unflinching faith. Religious practices of ancient Egypt were linked to movements of celestial bodies such as constellations, the sun, the moon, and the planets. Some of the most revered deities of ancient Egyptians are Amun-Re, Osiris, Isis . The literary culture of Ancient Egypt is very rich. The earliest examples of literature of this time are the pyramid texts and the inscriptions on the walls of the tombs. The Royal library of Alexandria , once the largest library in the world, contained many of the manuscripts of ancient Egyptian literature.

Egypt s culture
The culture of modern Egypt is like any other cosmopolitan country. Egypt has an interesting mixture of people of different cultural background. Modern Egypt has created a distinct cultural identity, keeping intact its rich ancient cultural heritage. This combination of the old and the new makes the culture of Egypt unique and distinct. A visit to any of the big cities of Egypt will show the influences of global culture on Egypt. Compared to other Middle Eastern countries, Egypt is culturally much advanced. Tourism being one of the major revenue generators for Egypt, the culture here openly invites foreign tourists. The customs and mentality tends to be full of warmth towards visitors and foreigners. Egypt's population mainly consists of Sunni Muslims and Coptic Christians. People of both religions moderately follow their religious practices. Religious principles are quite noticeable in their daily lives. Family ties are quite strong in Egypt. Their male folks respect Egyptian women. This makes most of the big cities such as Cairo and Alexandria much safer for women than any western metropolis. Egyptians are very fond of arts, music and sports. Football is the favorite sport of the Egyptians. Egyptian culture has many contrasts and contradictions between the old and the new. The two cultures are vastly different from each other. But in its totality, the culture of Egypt has successfully combined the best of both the worlds. Keeping the charm and splendor of its ancient culture unharmed, modern Egypt has imbibed the contemporary ways of life. Egypt Culture is a balanced culture, both in its antiquity as well as its modernity. Egypts contribution

Mathematics The ancient Egyptians were one of the first civilizations to implement Mathematical numbers. The traditional view of Ancient Egypt's 'additive' scholars reports that Egyptians confined themselves to applications of practical arithmetic with many problems addressing how a number of loaves can be divided equally between a number of men. Medicine Ancient Egyptian technology Imhotep Considered to be the first engineer, architect and physician in history known by name, Imhotep designed the Pyramid of Djoser (the Step Pyramid) at Saqqara in Egypt around 2630-2611 BC, and may have been responsible for the first known use of columns in architecture. The Egyptian historian Manetho credited him with inventing stone-dressed building during Djoser's reign, though he was not the first to actually build with stone. Imhotep is also believed to have founded Egyptian medicine, being the author of the world's earliest known medical document, the Edwin Smith Papyrus. Ptolemaic and Roman Egypt Inscription referring to the Alexandrian library, dated AD 56 The silk road led staright through ancient Alexandria. Also, the Royal Library of Alexandria was once the largest in the world. It is usually assumed to have been founded at the beginning of the 3rd century BC during the reign of Ptolemy II of Egypt after his father had set up the Temple of the Muses or Museum. The initial organization is attributed to Demetrius Phalereus. The Library is estimated to have stored at its peak 400,000 to 700,000 scrolls.

Egypt s contribution to culture y The religious nature of ancient Egyptian civilization influenced its contribution to the arts of the ancient world. Many of the great works of ancient Egypt depict gods, goddesses, and pharaohs, who were also considered divine. Most ancient Egyptians were farmers tied to the land. Their dwellings were restricted to immediate family members, and were constructed of mud-brick designed to remain cool in the heat of the day. The ancient Egyptians placed a great value on hygiene and appearance. Most bathed in the Nile and used a pasty soap made from animal fat and chalk. Men shaved their entire bodies for cleanliness, and aromatic perfumes and ointments covered bad odors and soothed skin. Clothing was made from simple linen sheets that were bleached white, and both men and women of the upper classes wore wigs, jewelry, and cosmetics. Children went without clothing until maturity, at about age 12, and at this age males were circumcised and had their heads shaved. Mothers were responsible for taking care of the children, while the father provided the family's income. The ancient Egyptians maintained a rich cultural heritage complete with feasts and festivals accompanied by music and dance. Music and dance were popular entertainments for those who could afford them. Early instruments included flutes and harps, while instruments similar to trumpets, oboes, and pipes developed later and became popular. In the New Kingdom, the Egyptians played on bells, cymbals, tambourines, and drums as well as imported lutes and lyres from Asia.The sistrum was a rattle-like musical instrument that was especially important in religious ceremonies.

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Egyptian Culture
The Culture of Egypt has five thousand years of recorded history. Ancient Egypt was among the earliest civilizations. For millennia, Egypt maintained a strikingly complex and stable culture that had a profound influence on later cultures of Europe, the Middle East and Africa. After the Pharonic era, Egypt itself came under the influence of Hellenism, for a time Christianity, and later, Arab and Islamic culture. Today, many aspects of Egypt's ancient culture exist in interaction with newer elements, including the influence of modern Western culture, itself with roots in Ancient Egypt. With its ancient history, cosmopolitanism, strong Islamic traditions, modern pan-Arab political and intellectual history and relative freedom, Egypt is the cultural capital of Arab world. The Arab television and cinema is dominated by the Egyptian television and film industry, as is popular Arabic music. The Egyptian Ministry of Culture presides over a variety of western-style cultural institutions such as the Cairo Opera House, the National Puppet Theater, the Pocket Theater and the National Symphony, as well as the country's many museums. Egypt has also been a fount of Arabic literature having produced some of the greatest 20th century Arab writers from Taha Hussein and Tawfiq Al Hakim to Nobel prize-winner novelist Naguib Mahfouz. Egypt has also produced some of the greatest modern artisans, including the brilliant jewelry designer Azza Fahmy and her equally gifted sister Randa Fahmy, who single-handedly revived the art of Mamluki metalwork.

Ang tula ay anyo ng panitikan at ito ay binubuo ng taludtod. Ang tula ay isang anyo ng panitikan na nagpapahayag ng damdamin ng isang tao. Ito ay binubuo ng mga saknong at ang mga saknong ay binubuo ng mga taludtud. Ang tula ay pagpapahayag ng magagandang kaisipan at pananalita sa pamamagitan ng mga taludtod. Ang kalipunan ng mga taludtod ay tinatawag na taludturan o saknong. Mga Elemento ng Tula: Mga panloob: Ritmo: mabilis na ritmo at mabagal na ritmo Imahen Kaisipang pampanulaan damdamin masining na pagpapahayag

Isang Dipang Langit Amado V. Hernandez Ako'y ipiniit ng linsil na puno hangad palibhasang diwa ko'y piitin, katawang marupok, aniya'y pagsuko, damdami'y supil na't mithiin ay supil. Ikinulong ako sa kutang malupit: bato, bakal, punlo, balasik ng bantay; lubos na tiwalag sa buong daigdig at inaring kahit buhay man ay patay. Sa munting dungawan, tanging abot-malas ay sandipang langit na puno ng luha, maramot na birang ng pusong may sugat, watawat ng aking pagkapariwara. Sintalim ng kidlat ang mata ng tanod, sa pintong may susi't walang makalapit; sigaw ng bilanggo sa katabing moog, anaki'y atungal ng hayop sa yungib. Ang maghapo'y tila isang tanikala na kala-kaladkad ng paang madugo ang buong magdamag ay kulambong luksa ng kabaong waring lungga ng bilanggo. Kung minsa'y magdaan ang payak na yabag, kawil ng kadena ang kumakalanding; sa maputlang araw saglit ibibilad, sanlibong aninong iniluwa ng dilim. Kung minsan, ang gabi'y biglang magulantang

sa hudyat - may takas! - at asod ng punlo; kung minsa'y tumangis ang lumang batingaw, sa bitayang moog, may naghihingalo. At ito ang tanging daigdig ko ngayon bilangguang mandi'y libingan ng buhay; sampu, dalawampu, at lahat ng taon ng buong buhay ko'y dito mapipigtal. Nguni't yaring diwa'y walang takot-hirap at batis pa rin itong aking puso: piita'y bahagi ng pakikilamas, mapiit ay tanda ng di pagsuko. Ang tao't Bathala ay di natutulog at di habang araw ang api ay api, tanang paniniil ay may pagtutuos, habang may Bastilya'y may bayang gaganti. At bukas, diyan din, aking matatanaw sa sandipang langit na wala nang luha, sisikat ang gintong araw ng tagumpay... layang sasalubong ako sa paglaya!

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