Glossary of the Linguistic Terms in Language Learning 2 Part (1)

1. Second language acquisition is concerned with the study of the way in which an individual becomes able to use one or more language different from his first language (Krashen,1982). 2.Definition of CPH: It is a biologically determined period of life when language can be acquired more easily and beyond which time language is increasingly difficult to acquire. The notion of the CPH is connected to 1st language acquisition. Then, 2nd language researchers have brought this notion to 2nd language acquisition. 3. Definition oF Lateralization As the human brain matures, certain functions are assigned, or lateralized to the left hemisphere of the brain, and certain other functions to the right hemisphere. 4. Definition oF Plasticity: Brain plasticity is a term used to refer to the brain's unique ability to constantly change, grow, and remap itself over the course of a lifetime. 5.Intelligence: it refers to a potentially mental ability; superiority in academic courses; ability in problem-solving; quickness in understanding ambiguous situations; and sociability. 6.Aptitude: the leaner's natural talent (skill-gift), or a specialized ability to learn languages. 7.Motivation: refers to the desire or interest of the learners in acquiring the L2. 8.Attitudes: refers to the feelings of the learners towards the second language community, the target language, the people who speak it, and the process of learning a foreign language. 9.Integrative motivation: refers to language learning for personal growth and cultural enrichment. 10.Instrumental motivation: refers to language learning for more immediate or practical goals. 11.Inhibition A negative psychological feeling or force which prevents one from doing certain skills.

12.Self-esteem: It is a personal judgment of worthiness that is expressed in the attitudes that individuals hold towards themselves. 13.Empathy: is the process of putting yourself into someone else's shoes, of reaching beyond the self to understand what another person is feeling. 14. Field Independence (FI) is the ability to perceive a particular relevant item or factor in a field of distracting items. Field refers to a set of thoughts, ideas, or feelings. 15. Field Dependence (FD) is the tendency to be dependent on the total field so that the total field is perceived as a unified whole. 16.L- brain Functioning The left hemisphere is associated with logical, analytical thought, with mathematical and linear process of information. 17.R- brain Functioning The R hemisphere perceives and remembers visual, tactile and auditory images; it is more efficient in processing holistic, integrative, and emotional information. 18. Ambiguity Tolerance it is the degree to which you are cognitively willing to tolerate ideas and propositions that run counter to your own belief system or structure of knowledge. 19.Reflectivity style It is a systematic style in which learners tend to weigh all the considerations in a problem before making a decision. 20.Impulsivity style: It is an intuitive style in which a learner makes a number of different gambles before a solution is achieved. 21.Visual style: Visual learners tend to prefer reading and studying charts, drawings, and other graphic information. 22. Auditory style: Auditory learners tend to prefer listening to lectures and audiotapes.