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with just over a 20% increase in shareholder value. These findings are part of a larger research literature demonstrating HRs impact on firm performance. We analyzed employee strategic focus as a response to three underlying management systems, looking specifically at the following relationships: * The extent to which a firm has aligned its HR system with the demands of the strategy implementation process; * The presence of a comprehensive knowledge management system that both generates and effectively distributes knowledge throughout the firm; and * The presence of a business performance measurement system that reflects both the leading and lagging indicators of successful strategy implementation. Our data show that each if the three systems would have to be improved by 50% to realize the gains from employee strategic focus described earlier. In short, there are ample economic rewards associated with superior human capital management, but there are no quick fixes. Developing such an approach requires a systematic method and commitment to the long-run development of people.