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Standard D-2

Engineering Standards
Refining, Marketing, Supply and Transportation

Issue 4

Date 12/95

CONCRETE STRUCTURES
1. SCOPE

This standard covers the general requirements for the design of concrete structures. It is intended to cover the concrete portions of structures; foundations for buildings, pumps, pressure vessels, and similar equipment; and paving.
1.1 1.2 2.

SI (International System) units of measurement are shown in parentheses following the customary US units.

REFERENCED PUBLICATIONS

The following publications are referenced within this standard, and the applicable sections shall form part of this standard where so stated. The latest edition and addenda apply unless noted otherwise.
2.1 AASHTO American Association of State Highway Transportation Officials

Guide for the Design of Pavement Structures, 1993


ACI American Concrete Institute

201.2R 207.2R 212.3R 226.3R 304 304.2R 318 336.1 336.3 350R 504R
AISC

Guide to Durable Concrete Effect of Restraint, Volume Change, and Reinforcement on the Cracking of Mass Concrete Chemical Admixtures for Concrete Use of Fly Ash in Concrete Measuring, Mixing, Transporting, and Placing Concrete Placing Concrete by Pumping Methods Building Code Requirements for Reinforced Concrete Standard Specification for the Construction of Drilled Piers Suggested Design and Construction Procedures for Pier Foundations Environmental Engineering Concrete Structures Guide to Sealing Joints in Concrete Structures
American Institute of Steel Construction

Manual of Steel Construction


ANSI/ASME American National Standards Institute/American Society of Mechanical Engineers

B 1.1
API

Unified Inch Screw Threads


American Petroleum Institute

650
ASCE

Welded Steel Tanks for Oil Storage


American Society of Civil Engineers

7-93
ASTM

Minimum Design Loads in Buildings and Other Structures, 1993


American Society for Testing and Materials

A 36 A 185 A 307 A 320 A 449 A 615 C 78 C 150 C 227 C 289

Structural Steel Steel Welded Wire Fabric,Plain, for Concrete Reinforcement Carbon Steel Externally Threaded Standard Fasteners Alloy Steel Bolting Materials for Low Temperature Service Quenched and Tempered Steel Bolts and Studs Deformed and Plain Billet-Steel Bars for Concrete Reinforcement Flexural Strength of Concrete (Using Simple Beam with Third-Point Loading) Portland Cement Standard Test Method for Potential Alkali Reactivity of Cement Aggregate Combinations (Mortar Bar Method) Standard Test Method for Potential Reactivity of Aggregates (Chemical Method)

This document is the property of Conoco Inc. and may not be used or reproduced without permission.

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Standard D-2

Engineering Standards
Refining, Marketing, Supply and Transportation

Issue 4

Date 12/95

ASTM

American Society for Testing and Materials (continued)

C C C C C C C D D D

295 260 494 595 618 1017 1116 1143 698 1751

D 2487 D 4253 D 4254


ICBO

Standard Practice for Petrographic Examination of Aggregates for Concrete Air Entraining Admixtures for Concrete Chemical Admixtures for Concrete Blended Hydraulic Cements Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use as a Mineral Admixture for Portland Cement Concrete Chemical Admixtures for Use in Producing Flowing Concrete Fiber Reinforced Concrete and Shotcrete Piles Under Static Axial Compressive Load Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using Standard Effort (12,400 ft-lbf/ft3 (600 kN-m/m3)) Preformed Expansion Joint Filler for Concrete Paving and Structural Construction (Nonextruding and Resilient Bituminous Types) Classification of Soils for Engineering Purposes Maximum Index Density and Unit Weight of Soils Using a Vibratory Table Minimum Index Density and Unit Weight of Soils and Calculation of Relative Density
International Conference of Building Officials

UBC 1991
PCA

Uniform Building Code 1991


Portland Cement Association

"Thickness Design for Concrete Highway and Street Pavements" "Design and Construction of Joints for Concrete Streets"
CONOCO Engineering Standards

R-1 J-2 V-2


CONOCO

Plant Data and Design Loadings Leak Detection, Release Prevention Barriers, and Cathodic Protection for Above Ground Storage Tanks Vibration
Engineering Specifications

CX-1.0.0
2.2

Civil Construction

National and Local Code Compliance. The minimum requirements for reinforced concrete shall be in accordance with the American Concrete Institute Building Code Requirements for Reinforced Concrete ACI 31889/ACI 318R-89, hereafter referred to as ACI 318. In addition, all concrete structures shall comply with any mandatory federal, state, or city codes in effect at the jobsite. Conoco Engineering Specification CX-1.0.0 shall be used as the basis for preparing specification requirements for issue to concrete contractors.
2.3 3. DESIGN 3.1 3.2

Design of concrete structures shall be in accordance with the ultimate strength method as outlined in ACI 318. Design Loads and Load Evaluation

3.2.1 Design of concrete structures shall be adequate for the most severe coincident combination of loads during the time of construction, during operation, or during maintenance and shutdown periods. Combinations to be considered and the appropriate load combination factors shall be as given in ACI 318. Load definitions and minimum design loads for buildings and other plant structures shall be in accordance with ASCE 7-93 and the additions listed below. Additional guidelines for design loadings and plant data are given in Conoco Engineering Standard R-1.

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Standard D-2

Engineering Standards
Refining, Marketing, Supply and Transportation

Issue 4

Date 12/95

3.2.2

Dead Loads

Dead loads shall consist of the weight of the concrete member or structure itself, the weight of all material permanently fastened to or supported by the member or structure, and the weight of any permanent equipment. This includes vessels, platforms, piping, ladders, trays, insulation, fireproofing, etc. In addition, hydrotest fill loads shall be considered dead loads for ultimate strength concrete design.
3.2.3

Live Loads

3.2.3.1 Live loads shall consist of those loads produced by the use or occupancy of the building or structure. This includes operating contents, personnel, moveable equipment, stored items, construction loads, vibration loads, impact loads (increased by percentages in Section 4.7 of ASCE 7-93), maintenance loads, and forces caused by partial or complete anchorage of piping or equipment, sliding or rolling friction of piping or equipment, and expansion or contraction of large ducts, structures, and equipment. 3.2.3.2 Storage Areas--150 psf (730 kg/m2) minimum or actual load. 3.2.3.3 Walkways and Operating Platforms--75 psf (370 kg/m2) minimum. 3.2.3.4 Maintenance Areas Serving Exchangers, Manways, Etc.--100 psf (490 kg/m2) plus equipment. 3.2.3.5 Fixed stairways shall be designed to carry a load of five times the normal live load anticipated or a moving concentrated load of 1,000 pounds (450 kg), whichever is greater. The minimum design load shall be 100 psf (490 kg/m2). 3.2.3.6 Live load reduction may be applied as specified in Section 4.8 of ASCE 7-93. 3.2.3.7 Roof live loads, snow loads, and rain loads shall be considered live loads in determining required strength for concrete design. 3.2.3.8 The design floor live loads of platforms and structures used primarily for storage purposes shall be permanently and conspicuously posted. 3.2.4

Wind Loads

3.2.4.1 Wind loads shall be in accordance with Section 6 of ASCE 7-93. 3.2.4.2 Wind speed and exposure data for specific plants are given in Conoco Engineering Standard R-1. 3.2.5

Earthquake Loads

3.2.5.1 Earthquake loads shall be in accordance with Section 9 of ASCE 7-93 or Chapter 23, Part III, UBC

1991.
3.2.5.2 Earthquake zone data for specific plants is given in Conoco Engineering Standard R-1. 3.2.6

Snow Loads

3.2.6.1 Snow loads shall be in accordance with Section 7 of ASCE 7-93. 3.2.6.2 Ground snow load data for specific plants is given in Conoco Engineering Standard R-1. 3.2.7

Rain Loads

3.2.7.1 Rain loads shall be in accordance with Section 8 of ASCE 7-93. 3.2.7.2 Rainfall data for specific plants is given in Conoco Engineering Standard R-1.

This document is the property of Conoco Inc. and may not be used or reproduced without permission.

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Standard D-2

Engineering Standards
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Issue 4

Date 12/95

3.2.8

Hydrotest Loads

3.2.8.1 Vessel or equipment hydrotest load condition shall be examined. 3.2.8.2 Ten percent of the design wind load shall be applied to the structure simultaneously with the equipment hydrotest load. 3.2.8.3 No earthquake loads, or a percentage thereof, shall be combined with the hydrotest load. 3.2.9 Allowable soil loads should be based upon the results of a soil investigation as specified in the soil investigation section. 3.2.10

Foundation Loading Criteria

3.2.10.1 All tower and vessel foundations shall be designed with maximum wind or earthquake loading, whichever is greater, for the more severe of the following conditions (see Conoco Engineering Standard R-1 for buildings and other plant structures):

a. A stability ratio of 1.5 for erection or turnaround. b. A stability ratio of 2.0 for operation using the weight of the soil overburden in computing the resisting moment in both cases.
3.2.10.2 Stability ratio is defined as the ratio of the stabilizing moment to the overturning moment. The axis of rotation for computing the overturning and stabilizing moment shall be taken as the intersection of the outside edge of the foundation on the leeward side and the bottom of the footing. 3.2.10.3 The maximum soil stress shall be computed using the appropriate soil stress distribution formula or method, and this computed value shall not exceed the maximum allowable soil bearing pressure as determined in the soils investigation. 3.2.10.4 Sliding resistance, including the friction force on the bottom of the foundation and the resultant of the active and passive earth pressure on the sides of the foundation, shall be calculated with a factor of safety of 2 applied to the sum of the resisting forces. Lateral soil pressures, with applicable reductions for surface conditions, shall be based upon results of a soils investigation. 3.3

Design Stresses and Materials

3.3.1 The design strengths at all sections shall be at least equal to the required strengths calculated for the factored loads and forces in combinations as stipulated by ACI 318. 3.3.2 All concrete shall use the type of cement that service conditions warrant. The types covered in ASTM C 150 are discussed in Table 1. 3.3.3 Aggregates must be non-reactive. A field performance record of three years, or if that isn't available, one of the following shall be used to display that the aggregates are non-reactive: mortar bar testing- ASTM C 227, petrographic analysis of the aggregate - ASTM C 295, or chemical testing - ASTM C 289. ACI 201.2R provides further information on the deleterious reactions in concrete with reactive aggregates.

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Standard D-2

Engineering Standards
Refining, Marketing, Supply and Transportation

Issue 4

Date 12/95

TABLE 1 Characteristics of Portland Cements*

Type* I II III IV V General use

Description

Optional Characteristics 1, 5 1, 4, 5 1, 2, 3, 5 5 5, 6

General use; moderate heat of hydration and moderate sulfate resistance High early strength Low heat of hydration High sulfate resistance

Optional Characteristics 1. Air entraining (A) 2. Moderate sulfate resistance: C3A maximum, 8 percent 3. High sulfate resistance: C3A maximum, 5 percent 4. Moderate heat of hydration: maximum heat of 70 cal/g (290 kJ/kg) at 7 days, or sum of C3S and C3A, max. 58 percent 5. Low alkali: maximum of 0.06 percent alkalies, expressed as Na2O equivalent 6. Alternative limit on sulfate expansion based on tests of mortar. * For cements specified in ASTM C 150.

3.3.4

Concrete Design Strength

3.3.4.1 The minimum design strength for concrete structures will be based on concrete having a minimum 28-day compressive strength of 3,000 psi (20.7 MPa) unless economics or soil-bearing capabilities dictate otherwise. 3.3.4.2 Different design strengths should be considered for applications where it would prove to be economical, or where improved concrete characteristics are desired: impermeability, chemical resistance, durability, and flexural strength are a few.

a. Concrete with a minimum 28-day compressive strength of 4,000 psi (27.6 MPa) shall be considered for use in building floors and similar applications. Design mix approval of concrete for these applications should require a minimum flexural strength of 500 psi (3.5 MPa) using ASTM C 78 test method. b. Large concrete structures; coke drum support structures, reactor support structures, or similar elevated concrete structures; warrant investigation of higher concrete design strengths. c. Lower strength concrete should be considered for non-structural applications; soil slope erosion control, fill that doesn't require compaction, or similar cases.
3.3.5

Concrete Admixtures

3.3.5.1 The design mix and any concrete admixtures proposed for use shall be approved by Conoco. ACI 212.3R provides information on chemical admixtures for concrete. 3.3.5.2 Calcium chloride shall not be used. 3.3.5.3 Air entraining admixtures shall conform to ASTM C 260 and shall be used for structures subject to freeze thaw cycles and to improve concrete workability. Structures exposed to freezing and thawing, surfaces requiring good wearing characteristics, and all flat work shall be constructed of air-entrained concrete. 3.3.5.4 Fly ash shall conform to ASTM C 618. Class F and Class C fly ash may be substituted for portland cement. Fly ash may be used to reduce costs, to reduce the temperature rise in fresh concrete, to improve workability and durability. The recommended replacement shall not exceed 20 percent of the total weight of the cementitious material. It is suggested that rates of fly ash replacement be consistent with mix designs established

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Standard D-2

Engineering Standards
Refining, Marketing, Supply and Transportation

Issue 4

Date 12/95

by the local State Department of Transportation (DOT). The mix application (exposed to weather, paving, or structural concrete) shall be consistent with those specified by the DOT. ACI 226.3R provides a discussion of the properties of fly ash and its proper use in the production of portland cement concrete.
3.3.5.5 Water reducing, retarding, accelerating, and high range water reducing (superplasticizer) admixtures shall conform to ASTM C 494 or ASTM C 1017. Application rates shall be per the manufacturer's recommendation to achieve the desired results. 3.3.5.6 Polypropylene fiber reinforcement shall conform to ASTM C 1116. Reinforcement fibers can be used as an alternative to welded wire fabric for temperature and shrinkage crack control. The application rate shall be per the manufacturer's recommendation. Polypropylene fiber reinforcement should never by used for primary reinforcement. 3.3.6

Reinforcement

3.3.6.1 Concrete reinforcing bar (rebar) with a minimum strength of 60,000 psi (414 MPa), such as ASTM A 615, Grade 60, is the minimum rebar strength for all concrete structures. 3.3.6.2 Welded wire mesh shall conform to ASTM A 185. 3.3.6.3 No welding is permitted on reinforcing bar. 3.3.7 Concrete production, transporting and placing is discussed in ACI 304R, including placing concrete underwater. Requirements for concrete placed by pumping methods can be examined in ACI 304.2R. 3.4

Foundation Design Practices


3.4.1

General Foundation Design Practices

3.4.1.1 Equipment foundations for pumps, towers, drums, etc., in unit areas shall normally extend 1 foot 0 inch (300 mm) above grade. Equipment foundations inside buildings shall be a minimum of 3 inches (75 mm) above building floor. Foundations for structural steel shall extend a minimum of 6 inches (150 mm) above area paving. 3.4.1.2 All foundations shall be isolated from building elements to permit temperature contraction and expansion and to prevent vibration transmission. 3.4.1.3 An expansion joint, not less than 1/2-inch (13 mm) thick, shall be installed around individual foundations when located in paved areas. 3.4.1.4 A single, continuous foundation shall be designed for each equipment train. Equipment with coupled shafts constitutes a train. 3.4.1.5 Foundations shall extend to firm, undisturbed soil usually to a minimum depth of extreme frost penetration or seasonal variation, (a minimum of 2 feet (600 mm) below grade, except when solid rock is encountered, (the depth need not be more than the depth to the rock). The depth of footings used in cold climates shall be designed with special consideration given to soil heave. The use of pad type footings in cold climates shall generally be avoided, however there are instances that will not require taking a foundation to the extreme frost penetration depth. Consider the potential for frost heave based on the soil type (which will usually be addressed in a soils investigation), the capability of the equipment and its connections to tolerate vertical displacement, and past experience at the facility when evaluating the required foundation depth. If in the judgement of the designer it is appropriate to use a shallower foundation depth, the references in the example figures regarding foundation depth may be overruled. 3.4.1.6 All equipment foundations shall be designed according to well developed design criteria that considers such things as soil bearing capacity, the weight ratio of the foundation to the equipment or its moving parts, and other appropriate guidelines.

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Standard D-2

Engineering Standards
Refining, Marketing, Supply and Transportation

Issue 4

Date 12/95

3.4.1.7 Typical prefabricated metal building foundations are shown in Figure 3. 3.4.2

Pad-Type Foundations

3.4.2.1 Pad-type foundations for small equipment (centrifugal pumps 10 HP (7.5 kw) or smaller, ladders, and stairways) may be poured on the slab. The slab shall be thickened to 1 foot 0 inch (300 mm) under the foundation. 3.4.2.2 Pads shall be anchored to the slab by reinforcing bar embedded in the slab and extending into the pad or by the use of drilled anchors or anchor bolts such as: adhesive anchors for vibrating equipment or expansion bolts for non-vibrating equipment. 3.4.2.3 Foundations poured integrally with area paving shall be considered for small equipment such as centrifugal pumps (10 HP (7.5 kw) or smaller) and other non-vibratory equipment weighing less than 800 pounds (360 kg). 3.4.3

Block-Type Foundations

3.4.3.1 Pumps, small drums, miscellaneous footings, etc., shall use block foundations extending to a depth providing adequate soil bearing and lateral soil pressure. 3.4.3.2 Typical block foundations for small drums and tanks are shown in Figures 14A, 14B, 15A, and 15B. 3.4.4

Spread Footing Foundations

3.4.4.1 Spread footing foundations distribute the load over a large area so that the soil can support the loads safely and without excessive settlement. 3.4.4.2 Large drums, towers, furnaces, reactors, and similar heavy equipment are good candidates for spread footing foundations. The foundation design for a major piece of equipment shall always be based on a soils investigation. 3.4.4.3 Typical pipe support foundations are shown in Figures 12 and 13. 3.4.4.4 Typical self supporting tall vessels (towers or columns) foundations are shown in Figure 4 and Figure

5.
3.4.4.5 Typical horizontal tank foundations are shown in Figure 18. 3.4.5

Pile Foundations

3.4.5.1 Conditions that would indicate the need for piles include: a site with a highly compressible upper soil layer, a site with expansive or collapsible soils, where large uplift forces must be resisted, or where settlements must be limited to very small magnitudes. 3.4.5.2 When the need for pile foundations is suspected, recommendations for type of pile and allowable pile loading should be requested from a competent geotechnical firm. 3.4.5.3 The allowable single-pile load shall be determined by one of the following:

a. Most commonly from a soils report for the area. b. Load testing a pile (test shall conform to ASTM D 1143, with Quick Load Test Method and Cyclic Method as options). c. Performance criteria - Wave Equation
3.4.5.4 Pile design shall take into account group efficiency and spacing efficiency.

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Standard D-2

Engineering Standards
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Issue 4

Date 12/95

3.4.5.5 When a pile load test is performed, the lateral and axial pile capacity shall be developed in accordance with ICBO UBC Chapter 29, or approved equal. 3.4.5.6 Pile material may be made of the following: suitably treated wood, concrete (precast or cast in place), steel, or various combinations (concrete filled pipe pile, etc.). The type specified shall be determined by an economic evaluation of the duty, service life, and corrosion characteristics of the soils surrounding the piles. Specific pile requirements shall be in accordance with UBC Chapter 29. The soils consultant will usually be familiar with area piling practices and can be requested to give recommendations on materials that have been used successfully at other installations. 3.4.6

Drilled Pier Foundations

3.4.6.1 Drilled piers are defined as a foundation element constructed by drilling (or excavating) a hole in the soil and then filling the hole with concrete. The pier may or may not require reinforcement and casing may be required to keep soil from caving in to the hole. A slurry method of placement is also used to keep the surrounding soil from entering the hole. Installation of drilled piers is generally less expensive than driven piles, develops less ground vibration problems, produces no ground heaving, and does not cause other piers to move laterally. The drilled piers shall be designed in accordance with ACI 336.1 and 336.3. 3.4.6.2 See the section on soils investigations for the soils information required. The soils consultant should be familiar with drilled pier installation in the area and can address the design requirements in the geotechnical investigation report. 3.4.6.3 Drilled pier installation tolerances:

a. No pier may be off center from its design location more than 2 inches (50 mm) at the top of the shaft. b. No vertical pier may be out of plumb more than 1/8 inch per foot (10 mm per 1 m) of length. c. The elevation of the top of the shaft may not vary more than plus 1 inch (25 mm) and minus 3 inches (75 mm) from the design elevation.
3.4.7

Helical Anchors and Piers.

3.4.7.1 Small pipe support foundations, tank farm "sleeper" pipe support foundations that are low to the ground, or light pole foundations may be constructed using the drilled in place foundation system offered by specialty companies, such as A. B. Chance or Atlas Systems, Inc. 3.4.7.2 Tension anchors can also be constructed with these devices and used as guy wire anchors or tieback anchors for retaining walls. 3.4.7.3 The anchor size and capacity will be based on soils investigation information and the manufacturer's recommendations, with an appropriate factor of safety applied to the ultimate anchor capacities. 3.4.8

Foundations for Exchangers

3.4.8.1 Exchangers at grade shall have a pier beneath each shell support. The piers may have individual or combined footings. 3.4.8.2 When exchanger piers are more than 20 feet (6.1 m) apart or thermal expansion dictates, suitable slotted anchor-bolt holes shall be provided in the rear saddle plate. A slide plate shall be installed on the rear pier (shell cover/free end) when the operating load exceeds 2,000 pounds (905 kg). The slide plates shall be made of steel, teflon bonded to steel, or graphite bonded to steel. The minimum thickness for steel on steel slide plates is 3/8 inch (10 mm). 3.4.8.3 Material selection shall be based on the practicalities of resisting the friction loads of the floating end of the equipment. Limitations to the pedestal size due to adjacent nozzles, the practicality of constructing a combined

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Standard D-2

Engineering Standards
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Issue 4

Date 12/95

footing, or cost of a larger foundation required to meet stability requirements should be weighed against the cost of the low friction slide plate. Anchor-bolts shall be double nutted on the floating end of the equipment, and the washer beneath the bottom nut shall not be clamped in place. Figures 6 and 7 provide more details on exchanger foundations. The coefficient of static friction for the different materials are: Mild steel on mild steel 0.58 Teflon on teflon (See Figure 1) Graphite on graphite 0.15 Lubrite (See Vendor Data) Coordinate slide plate construction with the appropriate vendor information for exact friction coefficients, suggested back up plate configuration, and the method of bonding material to the back-up plate.

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Standard D-2

Engineering Standards
Refining, Marketing, Supply and Transportation

Issue 4

Date 12/95

3.4.8.4 In addition to the vertical exchanger load, the fixed support pier shall be designed to withstand a longitudinal force equal to the bundle weight, with a 2,000 pound (905 kg) minimum.

3.4.9

Foundations for Rotating Equipment

3.4.9.1 Foundations for large pumps, 50 horsepower (37.5 kw) and larger, and compressors shall be reinforced concrete and have a minimum weight ratio (foundation:equipment) of:

4:1 for reciprocating machines. 2.5:1 for centrifugal machines.


3.4.9.2 These ratios may vary, depending upon soil analysis, manufacturer's recommendations, piping, and the detail to which the foundation is designed. 3.4.9.3 Soil parameters that are required to perform a dynamic analysis of the foundation are defined in the soil investigation section. Published values for the soil parameters may be selected based on the soil classification. 3.4.9.4 Compressors and other reciprocating machinery shall be anchored with high strength anchor bolts. Reciprocating compressor piping supports are shown in Figure 10. 3.4.9.5 Foundations for large rotating equipment shall be isolated from area paving. 3.4.9.6 A properly designed wide foundation mat rather than a narrow and deep foundation block is preferred for reciprocating and rotating equipment. The width should be at least 1 to 1.5 times the vertical distance from the base of the foundation to the machine centerline. 3.4.9.7 The dimensions of the foundation are to be adjusted so that the center of gravity of the machine plus equipment coincides with the center of gravity of the foundation. The combined center of gravity should coincide with the center of resistance of the soil. 3.4.9.8 The vertical thickness of the block should not be less than 2 feet (600 mm), or as dictated by the length of the anchor bolts. The thickness is seldom less than one fifth the least plan dimension or one tenth the largest plan dimension. 3.4.9.9 Foundations for rotating equipment, 50 horsepower (37.5 kw) and larger that have defined dynamic loads, shall have a foundation vibration analysis performed. The foundation vibration/dynamic analysis shall be performed in accordance with Design of Structures and Foundations for Vibrating Machines, by Ayra, O'Neill and Pincus, or by another method approved by Conoco. A computer program based on the book's procedure is available from the Principal Consultant-Civil/Structural, Technology, Ponca City, Oklahoma. The dynamic conditions, and in particular the predicted foundation vibration amplitude and the related horizontal peak velocity, shall be limited to one of the following criteria, which are listed in order of precedence: Conoco's recommended limits for the type of equipment (consult with the Rotating Equipment Group of Materials and Mechanical Integrity, Technology, Ponca City, Oklahoma), applicable American Petroleum Institute Standards for equipment vibration, the equipment manufacturer's recommendations, Conoco Engineering Standard V-2, or the limiting dynamic conditions suggested in the referenced book. The selection of the governing dynamic criteria shall be at Conoco's discretion. Generally the most critical requirements will govern. 3.4.9.10

Typical pump foundations are shown in Figures 8 and 9.

3.4.9.11 The design of large compressor blocks or other high volume pours shall take into consideration the effects of heat generation and volume change on the design and behavior of reinforced mass concrete structures. ACI 207.2R presents methods to determine the amount of reinforcing steel needed to control the size and spacing of cracks under varying conditions of restraint and volume change.

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Standard D-2

Engineering Standards
Refining, Marketing, Supply and Transportation

Issue 4

Date 12/95

3.4.10

Foundations for field-erected tanks are shown in Figures 16 and 17.

3.5

Concrete Structure Design Practices

3.5.1 Head clearances shall be 7 feet 6 inches (2.3 m) minimum above grade, stair treads, platforms, and other walking surfaces. 3.5.2 The use of prestressed concrete in process unit areas is prohibited. However post-tensioned concrete may be used for parking areas or slabs, located away from process areas. 3.5.3 Every effort should be made to ensure structural integrity both during and after a major fire. A minimum concrete cover of 2 inches (50 mm) shall be provided on rebar in areas requiring fireproofing. 3.5.4 In structures where precast members are joined to steel structural members, weld plates shall be affixed to the precast members using appropriate anchors attached to the plate. Joints shall develop the full strength of the member. Bolts with washers or headed studs may be used as plate anchors. The weld made as the steel member is attached to the weld plate warrants caution. The heat of welding can be damaging to embedded plates. Plate warpage or concrete spalling beneath the plate can be caused by the heat associated with welding. Limiting the weld size and designing welding procedures to reduce the heat build-up are recommended for welding to embedded plates. 3.5.5

Liquid Containing Structures

3.5.5.1 Concrete tanks, reservoirs and other structures used for liquid containment, that require dense, impermeable concrete and/or high resistance to chemical attack shall be designed in accordance with ACI 350R. Structures that should be considered for this include reservoirs, waste water handling sumps, waste water treatment basins, cooling tower basins, and neutralization basins. 3.5.5.2 Continuous waterstops shall be installed at construction joints in concrete basins and sumps that will contain liquid. Containment structures that are handling liquids with no likelihood of contamination; storm water from areas isolated from process activities or potable water; do not require waterstops to prevent exfiltration form the structure, however that may be desirable to prevent groundwater infiltration. Different types of waterstops are discussed along with their applications in Table 2. TABLE 2 Waterstop Types and Application

Type/Material Preformed Bentonite/ Butyl Rubber

Manufacturer Volcay - American Colloid Company, Greenstreak.

Application This is not intended for joints with substantial movement. Applications: a,b,c,d,e,f and g This is not resistant to petroleum based liquids. Applications: a,b,c,d,e,f and g Applications: b,c,e,f,g and h

Preformed Plastic Adhesive

Synko-flex, Greenstreak.

Cast-in-place continuous. Polyvinyl chloride, Thermoplastic Elastomeric Rubber, Polyethylene, Stainless Steel, Styrene Butadiene Rubber (SBR), Neoprene

Greenstreak, Williams, Vinylex

Application key: a. Precast concrete b. Water and waste water treatment facilities c. Sanitary and storm water manholes and structures d. Pipe

e. f. g. h.

Utility vaults Retaining walls Foundations Floor and roof slabs

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Standard D-2

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Issue 4

Date 12/95

3.5.6 3.6

Typical pipe trenches are shown in Figure 11.

Paving Design Practices (See Figure 2)


3.6.1

Portland cement concrete (or rigid) paving, may be designed as one of the types listed below:

a. Plain - constructed without reinforcing steel or doweled joints. Load transfer at the joints is obtained by aggregate interlock between the cracked surfaces below the joint saw cut or groove. For load transfer to be effective, short joint spacings (15 feet, 4.6 m) are required. This would be used for area paving and intra-unit roads. b. Plain doweled - built without reinforcing steel; however, smooth steel dowel bars are installed as load transfer devices at each contraction joint and relatively short joint spacings (not more than 20 feet, 6.1 m) are used to control cracking. Dowels at the transverse contraction joints may become economical, by reducing the required road thickness, if the design truck traffic is high enough. c. Jointed Reinforced - contains reinforcing steel and dowel bars for load transfer at the contraction joints. The pavements are constructed with longer joint spacings than used for unreinforced pavements (not more than 30 feet, 9 m). Between the joints one or more transverse cracks will usually develop; these joints are held tightly together by the reinforcing steel and good load transfer is provided. d. Continuously Reinforced - This type of pavement is built without contraction joints. Due to the relatively heavy, continuous-steel reinforcement in the longitudinal direction, these pavements develop transverse cracks at close intervals. A high degree of load transfer is developed at the crack faces held tightly together by steel reinforcement. This type of road paving would not be recommended within unit boundaries due to the likelihood of paving cuts and repairs for unit modifications and maintenance. This type of road may be suitable for a long plant entrance road that will see substantial truck traffic. Selection of pavement type is not an exact science. The engineer must make a judgement on the varying factors: traffic, soils, weather, construction, and maintenance. Alternate designs may be prepared and compared from a cost standpoint, preferably over the service life of the pavement and not just the first cost. Performance of similar pavements in the area may be a good indicator.
3.6.2 Paving thicknesses shall be determined using "Thickness Design for Highway and Street Pavements" by Portland Cement Association. 3.6.3

Reinforcement recommendations

3.6.3.1 Polypropylene fiber reinforcement may be used in lieu of steel for temperature and shrinkage reinforcement for paving. 3.6.3.2 Welded wire fabric is difficult to handle when it is purchased in rolls. Flat sheets are preferable. Another difficulty is the positioning of the welded wire fabric during paving placement. When it is used, wire mesh shall be located in the middle of the slabs 5 inches (125 mm) thick or less and 1/3 the thickness from the top in slabs greater than 5 inches (125 mm) thick. 3.6.3.3 The quantity of steel required for reinforced paving described below follows the recommendations prescribed by AASHTO "Guide for the Design of Pavement Structures." If there is a high probability of transverse cracking during pavement life due to soil movement, temperature change stresses, or moisture change stresses; or if jointed reinforced paving is selected; steel reinforcement is added to hold the cracks between the formed contraction joints tightly together. The following applies to both the longitudinal and the transverse reinforcement. Continuously reinforced paving is not addressed. Refer to the referenced AASHTO publication for reinforcement requirements for that type of paving. Percentage of Reinforcement, Ps = Amount of paving reinforcement required Slab Length, L (ft or m) = joint spacing distance between free (untied) transverse joints Steel Working Stress, fs (psi or Pa) = 0.75fy, where fy = yield strength Friction Factor, F (see Table 3)

This document is the property of Conoco Inc. and may not be used or reproduced without permission.

Page 14 of 46

Standard D-2

Engineering Standards
Refining, Marketing, Supply and Transportation

Issue 4

Date 12/95

TABLE 3 Recommended Friction Factors

Type of Material Beneath Slab Lime stabilization Asphalt stabilization Cement stabilization River Gravel Crushed stone Sandstone Natural subgrade

Friction Factor (F) 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.5 1.5 1.2 0.9

(1) US Version

(2) Metric Version

To calculate the area of reinforcement required divide Ps by 100 and then multiply times the cross sectional area of the slab.
3.6.4

Minimum paving requirements

3.6.4.1 In general, the process unit shall be paved with a minimum of 6 inches (150 mm) of concrete reinforced with welded wire fabric (6 X 6-W1.4 X W1.4) or polypropylene fiber reinforcement. Area paving shall have a minimum slope of 1 inch (25 mm) in 8 feet (2.4 m) toward a drainage ditch or sewer drain. 3.6.4.2 Main roads shall have a minimum width of 22 feet (6.7 m) and shall, at a minimum, be designed to support the projected number of HS20-44 standard truck loadings expected over the design life of the paving, with a maximum single axle load of 32,000 lbs (14,500 kg) or an alternate tandem axle load of 48,000 lbs (21,800 kg), 24,000 lbs (10,900 kg) per axle. If a heavier piece of equipment (vacuum truck, truck crane) is expected over the design life of the paving, the maximum axle load capacity of the paving system should be considered. Structures that will be exposed to roadway traffic, such as manhole lids and trench covers, shall be designed for the same axle loading. 3.6.4.3 Access roads extending through or partially through a process unit shall be a minimum of 15 feet (3.0 m) wide and designed using the same method as main roads. 3.6.4.4 Exchanger bundle pulling area paving shall be designed for the maximum anticipated equipment load, but shall be at least as thick as the area paving. 3.6.4.5 Walkways shall be a minimum of 2 feet 6 inches (250 mm) wide, paved with a minimum of 4 inches (100 mm) of concrete, and scored every 4 feet (1.2 m). 3.6.5

Paving Joints (See Figure 2)

3.6.5.1 The joint design shall be developed using "Design and Construction of Joints for Concrete Streets" by the Portland Cement Association, as modified in this section and in Figure 2.

This document is the property of Conoco Inc. and may not be used or reproduced without permission.

Page 15 of 46

Standard D-2

Engineering Standards
Refining, Marketing, Supply and Transportation

Issue 4

Date 12/95

3.6.5.2 Crack Control (Contraction) Joints

The terms longitudinal and transverse refer to road construction. Area paving is constructed with "TD" joints in both directions, "LD" joints are not used. a. "TD" - Transverse crack control joint. For plain concrete paving the maximum spacing between transverse crack control joints is 24 to 30 times the paving thickness, with a maximum of 15 feet (4.5 m). When polypropylene fiber reinforcement is used, the maximum joint spacing shall be reduced to 14 feet (4.3 m). For jointed reinforced concrete pavements the maximum paving joint spacing is 30 feet (9 m). b. "LD" - Longitudinal crack control joint. The width of the roadway shall be divided by longitudinal crack control joints, with a maximum joint spacing of 13 feet (4 m). Typically the spacing will match the lane width. This applies to all types of paving.
3.6.5.3 Expansion and isolation joints

a. "E" - Expansion joint. The primary use of this type of joint is to isolate the pavement from a structure, another paved area, or an immovable object. The expansion joints will be to 1 inch (12 to 25 mm) wide. The practice of placing full width transverse expansion joints at regular intervals of 50 to 500 feet (15 to 150 m) is no longer recommended. Good design, construction and maintenance of contraction joints has virtually eliminated the need for this type of joint and the associated problems: spalling, pumping, faulting and corner breaks. b. "DE" - Doweled expansion joints. Locations where differential settlement must be prevented, such as bridge abutments, would need doweled expansion/isolation joints to provide load transfer and increased pavement performance. c. "TE" - Thickened edge expansion joint. At joints subject to heavy traffic, and doweled expansion joints aren't used, the pavement is made thicker to reduce the stresses at the bottom of the slab. In particular, where thinner area paving butts up against thicker road paving, the edge of the area paving should be thickened to reduce the stresses as vehicles come off of the roadway onto the area paving. d. "SJ" - Sleeper expansion joint. This is an acceptable alternate to the "DE" joint. It is preferable to the "DE" joint for reservoir floors, and pavement where there is a good possibility of differential settlement.
3.6.5.4 "TD" and "LD" joints may be constructed using metal screens or by sawing fresh concrete. Should doweled expansion joints be selected, the dowel diameter and length shall be as described in Table 4. 3.6.5.5 "DE" joints shall be constructed with smooth bar dowels of the diameter and length as described in

Table 4.
TABLE 4 Dowel Size for "DE" Joints and Doweled Contraction Joints

Slab Depth in. (mm) 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5 8.0 1. 2. 3. 4. (150) (165) (180) (190) (200)

Dowel Diameter in. (mm) 3/4 (20) 7/8 (22) 1 (25) 1-1/8 (28) 1-1/4 (32)

Dowel Embedment in. (mm) 5 5 6 7 8 (125) (125) (150) (180) (200)

Total Dowel Length in. (mm) 14 14 16 16 17 (360) (360) (400) (400) (430)

All dowels spaced at 12 inch (300 mm) centers. Embedment is on each side of the joint. Total dowel length has tolerances for joint openings and minor errors in placement. Generally, jointed reinforced concrete pavements are not constructed under 6 in. (150 mm).

This document is the property of Conoco Inc. and may not be used or reproduced without permission.

Page 16 of 46

Standard D-2

Engineering Standards
Refining, Marketing, Supply and Transportation

Issue 4

Date 12/95

3.6.5.6 Filler, back-up and sealant materials. See Table 5 for compatible systems. ACI 504R may be consulted for further sealant information. TABLE 5 Concrete Joint System Materials

Joint System Element Preformed Filler

Typical System Bituminous impregnated fiber board, meeting ASTM D 1751

Alternate Materials Natural sponge rubber; expanded polyethylene, polyurethane, polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene flexible foams; fiberboard1 Neoprene or butyl sponge rods; expanded polyethylene, polyurethane, polyvinyl chloride, or polypropylene flexible foams Polysufide coal tar Polyurethane coal tar

Back-up/Bond Breaker

Closed cell polyethylene foam backer rod2

Field Molded Sealant

Polyurethane, modified polyurethane or Silicone

1. Non-bituminous impregnated fiberboard may be used for sidewalks or inside buildings, where moisture degradation is not likely. 2. A closed cell backer rod is required to serve as a barrier between the bituminous impregnated fiber board and the sealant. Chemically curing sealants are not compatible with back-up or filler materials containing bitumen or volatile materials, since they may migrate to and/or be absorbed at the joint interfaces impairing sealant adhesion.

3.6.5.7 Sealant Products

The products listed are self leveling. If curbs or joints that are too steep for a self leveling product are to be sealed, a comparable product (that is appropriate for the situation) from the same vendor may be used. See Table 6 for joint dimensions for each product. If the area is not likely to be exposed to any hydrocarbon spills, sealant materials outside this list that are not specifically fuel spillage resistant can be selected. a. Urexpan NR-300 with P-75 Primer - modified polyurethane joint sealant, Pecora Corporation b. Sonomeric 2 - bitumen modified polyurethane joint sealant, Sonneborn, ChemRex, Inc. c. 890-SL Silicone Joint Sealant, Dow Corning d. Urexpan NR-200 with P-200 Primer - polyurethane joint sealant, Pecora Corporation (may be used if only casual contact with hydrocarbons is anticipated)
TABLE 6 Recommended Joint Dimensions for Each Sealant Product

Sealant Product

Joint Min in.(mm) (6) (6) (6) (13)


1

Width Max in.(mm) 2 (50) 1 (25) 1 (25) 1 (25)

Joint @ Min Width in.(mm) (6) (6) (6) (6)

Depth @ Max Width in.(mm) (13) (13) (13) (13)

Width:

Depth

Movement Capability

@ Min Width 1:1 1:1 1:1 2:1


1

@ Max Width 4:1 2:1 2:1 2:1 25% 12% 25% +50% - 25%

NR-200 NR-300 Sonomeric 2 890 SL

1. Based on the allowable extension of the product, inch (6 mm) contraction joints with a 1:1 width to depth ratio will be acceptable.

This document is the property of Conoco Inc. and may not be used or reproduced without permission.

Page 17 of 46

Standard D-2

Engineering Standards
Refining, Marketing, Supply and Transportation

Issue 4

Date 12/95

3.7

General Concrete Design Practices


3.7.1

All exposed edges shall have a 1-inch (25 mm) 45-degree chamfer.

3.7.2 The perimeter, defining the area beneath fired heaters, shall have 8-inch (200 mm) tall curbing, running from support to support. 3.7.3 In environments known to be aggressive toward concrete, special measures should be considered to provide a durable and functional installation. A specialized impermeable and chemical resistant concrete mix or a protective coating for the concrete should be considered. Cooling towers, acid neutralization basins, and sulfur handling equipment foundations are a few examples of concrete structures that need to have precautions taken to improve the durability of the concrete. 3.7.4

Grout

3.7.4.1 All equipment that requires accurate alignment, or has unbalanced operating forces, or weighs more than 1000 pounds (455 kg) shall be shimmed and grouted with a minimum of 1 inch (25 mm) of grout, except when using epoxy grout. 3.7.4.2 Rotating equipment less than 50 HP (37.5 kw) and reciprocating equipment less than 10 HP (7.5 kw) shall normally be grouted with a non-shrink cementitious grout. Rotating equipment between 50 HP (37.5 kw) and 100 HP (75 kw) may be grouted with either a non-shrink cementitious grout or an epoxy type grout, depending on the job conditions and economics. Rotating equipment 100 HP (75 kw) or greater and reciprocating equipment 10 HP (7.5 kw) or greater shall normally be grouted with an epoxy-type grout. Consult with the Rotating Equipment Group of Materials and Mechanical Integrity (M&MI), Technology, Ponca City, Oklahoma, for recommendations. 3.7.4.3 For applications other than rotating and reciprocating equipment, a non-shrink cementitious grout shall be specified. The need for faster setting times, greater chemical resistance, greater vibration resistance, greater structural strength or tolerance of high temperature operating conditions may warrant the use of epoxy, or other specialized grouts. 3.7.4.4 On equipment that is to be grouted with an epoxy-type grout, the area of the base plate which makes contact with the grout shall be commercially sandblasted and primed with an epoxy mastic primer. This should be done by the manufacturer prior to shipping. 3.7.4.5 Vertical jackscrews shall be specified for all equipment that is to be grouted with an epoxy grout. The jackscrews shall be of sufficient size and number to permit the base to be leveled without overstressing the base or the jackscrews. Jack screws shall be removed after grouting. Plug jackscrew holes with silicone sealant. 3.7.4.6 Shims for temporary load bearing for grout installation should be designed to be removed after curing

of grout.
3.7.4.7 The number of temporary shims required shall be calculated with the net allowable concrete concentrated bearing load taken into consideration. 3.8

Anchor Bolts
3.8.1

Scope

This section is intended to provide assistance in the selection of anchor bolts. Design and dimensional data for three types of anchor bolts are tabulated for both ordinary strength and high strength bolts. (See Figure 19 and Table 8.)

This document is the property of Conoco Inc. and may not be used or reproduced without permission.

Page 18 of 46

Standard D-2

Engineering Standards
Refining, Marketing, Supply and Transportation

Issue 4

Date 12/95

3.8.2

Design Criteria

3.8.2.1 Anchor bolts shall be designed per the following codes:

ACI 318 AISC Manual of Steel Construction Materials shall be provided per the above codes and the designated ASTM specifications. Ordinary strength bolts shall be made of ASTM A 36 material per ASTM A 307, Grade B. High strength bolts shall conform to ASTM A 449.
3.8.2.2 The allowable tensile stress for ordinary strength bolts is 19,100 psi (132 MPa) based on AISC allowables for ASTM A 36 material. Tensile stress is calculated on gross area based on ANSI/ASME B 1.1. 3.8.2.3 The allowable tensile stresses for high strength bolts are:

1 in. (25 mm) diameter and under--39,600 psi (273 MPa) Over 1 in. (25 mm) to 1 1/2 in. (38 mm)--34,650 psi (239 MPa) Over 1 1/2 in. (38 mm) to 3 in. (75 mm)--29,700 psi (205 MPa) These values are based on AISC allowables for ASTM A 449 bolts.
3.8.2.4 The tabulated development lengths for all anchor bolts are based on a concrete strength of 3,000 psi (20.7 MPa). For higher strength concretes, the lengths tabulated for 3,000 psi (20.7 MPa) are conservative and may be used unless a more accurate analysis is performed. 3.8.2.5 Anchor bolts shall be inside the steel reinforcement. 3.8.2.6 Wrench clearances shall be provided according to the AISC. 3.8.3

Bolt Selection

3.8.3.1 Ordinary strength bolts should be used for most anchor bolting applications. They are widely used as anchor bolts, are commonly available in a variety of sizes and lengths, and are significantly less expensive than high-strength bolts. High-strength bolts may be more economical or more desirable geometrically where anchor bolts are highly loaded. They shall also be used to anchor compressors and other reciprocating machinery. 3.8.3.2 ASTM A 320, Grade L7, bolts shall be used where anchor bolt service temperature is expected to be below -20F (-29C). The low temperature for design purposes when ambient temperature controls shall be the lowest one day mean temperature (See Conoco Engineering Standard R-1). Use dimensions and allowable stresses shown for high strength bolts. 3.8.3.3 Bolt selection may be made from Table 8 based on tensile load and bolt strength selected. See Figure 19 for the three types of anchor bolts described below. 3.8.3.4 If anchor bolts are subject to corrosive atmospheres (coke drums, cooling towers, acid units, etc.), an increase in the anchor bolt diameter of 1/8 inch (3 mm) minimum shall be specified. Galvanizing may be specified per ASTM A 307 or A 449 in lieu of the corrosion allowance if compatible with the anticipated atmosphere. 3.8.3.5 Type A or B anchor bolts shall be used when alignment of equipment is critical or where misalignment of an anchor bolt and the corresponding hole in the equipment would cause appreciable difficulty (e.g., large vessels, towers, compressors). If spacing is a problem (e.g., anchor bolt washers protruding outside of forms), Type A bolts may be used. Type A bolts are limited to diameters of 1 1/4 inches (32 mm) or less. 3.8.3.6 In cases where the foundation is of insufficient depth to accommodate Type B or C anchor bolt lengths as specified in Table 8, a shorter bolt with a larger square washer may be used. The size of the washer shall be such that the concrete will resist the tensile force shown in Table 8 for the applicable bolt size and material. Type C bolts are limited to diameters of 3/4 inch (19 mm) or less.

This document is the property of Conoco Inc. and may not be used or reproduced without permission.

Page 19 of 46

Standard D-2

Engineering Standards
Refining, Marketing, Supply and Transportation

Issue 4

Date 12/95

3.8.3.7 If Type A bolts are used without a sleeve, the length shown less the sleeve length or, alternately, the development length calculated in accordance with ACI 318 may be used. 3.8.3.8 A plastic anchor sleeve may be used in lieu of the steel pipe sleeve for Type B anchor bolts of any

diameter.
3.8.3.9 Round conductor pipe sleeves made of 28 gage material may be used in lieu of the plastic anchor sleeve or the steel pipe sleeve. Round conductor pipe sleeves are limited to anchor bolts with diameters of 3/4 inch (19 mm) or less. 3.8.3.10 3.8.4

High-strength bolts shall not be used for the Type A anchor bolt design.

Nut and Washer Selection

Bolts shall be fitted with nuts and washers as shown in Table 7.


TABLE 7 Nut and Washer Selection

Bolt
ASTM A 36 Material Per ASTM A 307, Grade B ASTM A 449 ASTM A 320, Grade L7

Nuts (All Heavy Hex)


ASTM A 563, Grade A ASTM A 563, Grade C Per ASTM A 320

Top Washer
C.S. Hardened C.S. Washer Per ASTM A 320

Sq. Washer
ASTM A 36 ASTM A 36 ASTM A 36

3.8.5

Welding

No welding of any kind is permitted on anchor bolts or nuts, except as noted on Figures 9 and 19.
3.8.6

Construction Precautions

3.8.6.1 On Types B and C anchor bolts, care shall be taken so that washers do not interfere with rebar cages or other washers. Clear distance between anchor bolts, washers or sleeves, and adjacent items (rebar, other anchor bolts, washers, etc.), shall be 1 inch (25 mm) or the rebar diameter or bolt diameter, whichever is greater. 3.8.6.2 Torque values given in Table 8 are based on the maximum preload needed for each anchor bolt. It is especially important that these torques be followed where alternating stresses are present (i.e., towers, stacks, reciprocating compressors, etc.). 4. SOIL INVESTIGATION 4.1 4.2

Soil conditions at each job location should be known. Soil conditions should be established for a budget quality design.

4.2.1 Preliminary soils information is usually obtained from past soils reports in the area. Regional Engineering Offices (REOs) may be contacted to obtain soils information. 4.2.2 The preliminary soils report may be obtained by utilizing a geotechnical firm in the area. The REO will provide information on and a contact for a geotechnical firm.

A detailed soils investigation should be utilized for the detailed design of the project. This information should be obtained as early as possible in the project cycle. The basic plot plan and preliminary weights of major equipment should be established to insure the quality of the report.
4.3 4.3.1 Previous soil borings shall be reviewed from the REO's prior field investigations. The geotechnical consultant should review and utilize the previous borings and lab work wherever possible.
This document is the property of Conoco Inc. and may not be used or reproduced without permission.

Page 20 of 46

Standard D-2

Engineering Standards
Refining, Marketing, Supply and Transportation

Issue 4

Date 12/95

4.3.2 New soils reports may be waived where the equipment size and importance do not warrant the expenditure or similar structures have been placed with adequate performance. 4.3.3

Project Data

Information that the geotechnical consultant will require from Conoco includes: a. b. c. d. e. f.
4.3.4

Site plan showing the location of the equipment. Type and size of the equipment to be supported. Type and size of the buildings and structures. Settlement criteria for the equipment - total and differential. Magnitude of the loads. Any safety or environmental issues to be considered during the field exploration and for foundation design. Field Exploration

The geotechnical firm and Conoco shall review the boring plan prior to commencement of field work. The geotechnical firm shall submit their field investigation plan to Conoco. As a minimum the following items shall be included in the submittal: a. b. c. d.
4.3.5

Type of drilling rig (air rotary, mud rotary, hollow stem auger, or other). Plan of borings with coordinates and elevations. Borings located and staked in the field and Conoco approved. Any obstructions identified by probing and/or a call to "Line Locate", etc. Geotechnical Report

The report shall address those items from the following list that are applicable to the project, and include the appropriate lab testing in accordance with ASTM standards. a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. j. A log of each boring with location coordinates and elevation. Depth of the water table. Subsoil composition (classified by the Unified Soil Classification System. Atterburg limits for cohesive soils. Standard penetration number. Settlement criteria, e log p curve is optional. Allowable soil bearing pressure, including any increase for transient loadings. Lateral earth pressure: passive, active and at rest. Coefficient of friction between the soil and the foundation. Factors of safety utilized in the analysis.

This document is the property of Conoco Inc. and may not be used or reproduced without permission.

Page 21 of 46

Standard D-2

Engineering Standards
Refining, Marketing, Supply and Transportation

Issue 4

Date 12/95

k. l. of piles. m. n.

Recommended type of foundation for each piece of major equipment. Pile type recommendations with allowable skin friction and end bearing values with recommended depth

Any special construction characteristics of the soil. Soil parameters for static and dynamic values for vibratory equipment foundation design: G - Shear modulus of the soil - Poisson's ratio - Density

o. p. q. r. s. t. u.

California Bearing Ratio (CBR) values for pavement and road design. k - Modulus of subgrade reaction for mat foundation design. Corrosion characteristics of the soil. Chemical condition of the soil (sulfate content). Permeability of the soil for ponds and landfills. Slope stability recommendations with the factor of safety used. Rock characteristics (degree of weathering, joints, faults, strike and dip).

This document is the property of Conoco Inc. and may not be used or reproduced without permission.

Page 46 of 46

Standard D-2

Engineering Standards
Refining, Marketing, Supply and Transportation

Issue 4

Date 12/95

TABLE 8 ANCHOR BOLTS


DIAMETER OF BOLT (D) Type 1/2 5/8 3/4 7/8 1 1 1/8 1 1/4 1 3/8 1 1/2 1 3/4 2 2 1/4 2 1/2 2 3/4 3

ORDINARY STRENGTH BOLTS Max. Allowable Tensile Load (Lbs) A B C

3,740

5,860

8,440

11,470

14,990

18,980

23,430

28,360

33,740

45,930

60,010

75,940

93,760

113,450

135,010

A Min. Sleeve Length(s) B B Min. Length (L) Min. Length (J) Height (H) Plat Thk. (T) C A

6 6 7 6 20

6 6 7 1/2 6 1/2 24

8 8 9 1/2 7 1/2 31

8 8 10

9 9 11

10 10 12 1/2

12 12 14 1/2 13 16 15 18 18 21 1/2 19 23

USE TYPE B 22 26 1/2 24 29 27 32 1/2 30 36

USE TYPES A OR B 36 1/2 44 55 1/2 65 1/2 USE TYPE B

A B C A B C

13 3/8

16 1/2

21 1/2 1/2

25 1/2 1/2

31 1/2 1/2

39 1/2

47 5/8 5/8 5/8 3/4 7/8 7/8 1 1 1/4 1 3/8

Torque Specs for Max. Preload (Ft-Lbs)

35

70

120

200

300

425

600

785

1,040

1,645

2,470

3,615

4,945

6,715

8,860

HIGH STRENGTH BOLTS Max. Allowable Tensile Load (Lbs) Min. Sleeve Length(s) Min. Length (L)

B C

7,760

12,150

17,500

23,600

31,080

34,440

42,510

51,450

61,220

71,420

93,310

118,080

145,790

176,410

209,940

B B C

6 7 7 1/2

7 8 1/2 9 1/2 5/8

10 11 1/2 13 3/4

12 1/2 14 1/2

14 1/2 16 1/2

14 1/2 17

16 1/2 19

18 1/2 21 1/2

20 23

22 25 1/2 USE TYPE B

25 1/2 29 1/2

27 31 1/2

32 37

35 1/2 41

38 1/2 44 1/2

Plate Thk. (T) Torque Specs for Max Preload (Ft-Lbs) Sleeve Dia. (SD) Plate Width (WB) Plate Width (WC) Gross Area (In2)

B C

3/4

3/4

3/4

3/4

3/4

7/8

1 1/8

1 1/8

1 1/4

1 1/2

1 5/8

B C

90

180

315

515

770

950

1,340

1,760

2,335

2,740

4,120

6,025

8,245

11,190

14,765

A B B

4 1/2

5 1/2

6 1/2

7 1/2

8 1/2

10

10 1/2

11 1/2

12 1/2

3 1/2

3 1/2

USE TYPE B

A B C

.196

.307

.442

.601

.785

.994

1.227

1.485

1.767

2.405

3.142

3.976

4.909

5.940

7.069

NOTE: All lengths, widths, heights, diameters, and thicknesses are in inches.

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