KRUPAJAL ENGINEERING COLLEGE B. Tech, Sub:-Machine-2 Viva Questions SC AND OC TEST 1. Write the formula voltage regulation ? 2.

Write the different method to finding the voltage regulation? 3. What is a alternator? 4. Write the operation of alternator? 5. What are the type of Rotor used in alternator? 6. What is reluctance in salient pole alternator? 7. What is reluctance in smoth cylindrical type alternator. 8. In SC or OC test the field of the alternator supplied by which type of source? 9. What is the use of stator? 10. What is the difference between DC Generator and alternator? 11. Where the salient Pole type alternator used? 12. Where the smooth cylindrical type alternator used? 13. Write down the output Voltage of the alternator in India. 14. If we will decrease the pole of the alternator, what happens? 15. What is a e.m.f. equation of alternator? 16. What is the other name of alternator? 17. Which resistance is greater value i) Ra ii) RF 18. If we will giving over rated voltage to the DC shunt motor, what happens? 19. If the loud increase of alternator, what happens? 20. What is DPSIS And TESTS Switch? SALIENT POLE ALTERNATOR BY SLIP TEST 1. What is the use of auto transformer? 2. What is formula of quadrature axis reactance ? 3. What is formula of Direct axis reactance? 4. How much reted Voltage we are giving to the alternator in this experiment? 5. Why the Ammeter and Voltmeter is moving in this experiment. 6. Why the alternator rating is in KVA? 7. What is power factor? 8. What is the two components to calculate armature mmf? 9. Where the Rheostat is connected in this experiment. 10. If we give direct supply to the motor, what will happens? 11. In this experiment, the alternator field is open or closed? 12. What is the other name of the experiment? 13. What are the prime mover of salient pole alternator? 14. Is it mechanical weak ? Which type of alternator is mechanical strong? 15. What is slip ? How it is calculated? 16. Draw 3- sine wave?

KRUPAJAL ENGINEERING COLLEGE B. Tech, Sub:-Machine-2 Viva Questions SC AND OC TEST Answer of SC & OC Test 1. Voltage regulation EO-V =--------V V=terminal Voltage Eo=Open circuit voltage.

2. Different method to finding voltage regulation 1) Synchronous impedance (EMF) method 2) Ampere Turn (MMF) method 3) ZERO Power factor (ZPF) method 4) Direct Loading method 5) Two Reaction theory 3. An alternator consists of a stator and a rotor. The stator provides the armature winding whereas rotor provides the rotating magnetic field. 4. When the rotor is rotated by the prime mover, the stator winding or conductors are cut by the magnetic flux of the rotor magnetic poles. Hence an emf is induced in the stator conductors. The emf generated in the stator conductors is taken out from three leads connected to the stator winding. 5. There are two type 1) Saliant Pole Rotor 2) Smooth cylindrical rotor 6. In salient pole alternator the air-gap is not uniform. So that reluctance is not also Uniform. 7. In smoth cylindrical type alternator the airgap is uniform. So the reluctance is also uniform. 8. In SC or OC test the field of the alternator is supplied by the help of external DC supply. 9. Use of Stator:If a motor is connected directly to the supply mains, a heavy current will flow through the armature conductors because from the emf can for armature circuit (Eb = V- IaRa). So V Eb armature current Ia = -------Ra Where armature resistance Ra is very small. By the help of stator we minimize the Ia. 10. The operating principle of Dc Generator and alternator is same. But there is commutator in a DC generator which can change the AC to DC. 11. The salient pole type alternator used hydro power plant. Because its speed is less. 12. The smooth cylindrical type alternator is used in thermal power plant. Because its speed is high. 13. The o/p voltage of alternator in india 6.6 KV, 11KV, 33KV. 2

KRUPAJAL ENGINEERING COLLEGE B. Tech, Sub:-Machine-2 Viva Questions SC AND OC TEST 14. If we will decrease the pole of alternator then the speed will be high. Because 120F NS=----------P 15. The emf can of the alternator E=4.44 Kc Kd FT Volts / phase 16. The other name of the alternator is synchronous generator. 17. The field resistance is always greater than the armature resistance. RF > Ra 18. If we will give over rated voltage to the DC shunt motor, the field winding will burn. 19. If the load increase of alternator, then the emF induced in the alternator is reduced. Then the alternator giving slightly less value. 20. TPSTS TRIPIL POLE single through switch DPSTS Double pole single through swith. SALIENTS POLE alternator BY Slip test 1. Use of auto transformer:It is otherwise called as varias, By the help we can change the input voltage of supply. By the help of variac we can step up and step town the voltage. 2. Quadrature axis reactance Vmin Xq = -------------Imax 3. Direct axis reactance Vmax Xd = ------------Imin 4. In this experiment we are giving 20% to 30% rated voltage to the alternator 5. In this experiment salient pole type alternator is used. Here airgap is not unifrom. So Flux linkage is not unifrom. So that the ammeter and Voltmeter is moving in this experiment. 6. Alternator rating is in KVA because Copper loss in a Alternator depends the current and iron loss depents on voltage, So the total loss in a Alternator depends on Volt-ampere. So its rating is in KVA.

KRUPAJAL ENGINEERING COLLEGE B. Tech, Sub:-Machine-2 Viva Questions SC AND OC TEST 7. Angle between the voltage and current is called power factor. It is other wise known as the ratio of Resistance and impedance. R Cos = ------P= VICOS Z VI ->Cos = --------P 8. The two componets of armature mmF 1) Direct axis of poles 2) the axis quadrature to this. This is known as direct axis and quatrature axis. 9. Here the Reostat is connected across the Armature winding so it is calleg Armature control of salient pole alternator. 10. If we will give direct supply to the motor then motor Armature winding will burn. So we will give supply to the motor by the help of stator. 11. In this experiment the alternator field winding is open. 12. The other name of the experiment is Two-Reactance(Two Reaction) for salient Poles machines. 13. Prime mover of salient pole alternator is 1) Water terbine 2) I.C. Engines 14. Saliant pole alternator is mechanically weak. The smooth cylindrical type alternator is mechanically strong. 15. The difference between the synchronous speed Ns of the rotating stator field and the actual rotor speed N is called slip. Ns - N Slip, S = -----------Ns

16. Three Phase AC supply

KRUPAJAL ENGINEERING COLLEGE B. Tech, Sub:-Machine-2 Viva Questions SC AND OC TEST

Parallel operation of altornator 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. What is synchronization? How prime-mover speed of synchronous generator is decided? Why all the electrical system interconnected? What is a bus-bar? What are Necessary condition for synchronization? Write the method of synchronisation ? Now a days synchronized done by which method? What happens, when two alternator are running in parallel, if prime-mover of one of the alternators is disconnected? What happens, if the load increases in an alternator? When two alternator are running in disconnected, then what happens? Why the alternator are operated in parallel? What are the factors is depend of emf generation? What happen , if the load of an alternator is thrown off? What is the e.m.f equation is generated in an alternator? If the frequency of an alternator will increases, then what will happens? If 30mw Power Plant is giving 20 mw supply then it is running at which power factor?

Answer 1. 2. 3. The process of switching of an alternator to another alternator or with a common bus-bar without any interruption is called synchronization. Synchronous generator supplies power to a load acting as a voltage source whose frequency is decided by prime-mover speed. All the electrical system is interconnected for. 1) Continuity of service 2) Economics in plant investment and operating. When number of generators are operating at the same voltage and are required to be interconnected electrically, bus-bars are used as common electrical equipment. Bus-bars are copper rods which operate at constant voltage. Necessary condition for synchronization 1) terminal voltage should be same. 2) frequency should be same 3) Phase sequence should be same METHOD of Synchronisation:1) Dark and bright lamp method 2) Stroboscopic method Now a days synchronization is done by synchroscope method or stroboscopic method. 5

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KRUPAJAL ENGINEERING COLLEGE B. Tech, Sub:-Machine-2 Viva Questions SC AND OC TEST 8. 9. 10. When two alternators are running in parallel, if prime mover of one alternators is disconnected, that alternator will run as synchronous motor. In an alternator when the load increases then the terminal voltage due to armature reaction either drops or rises. When two alternators are running in parallel, if one of the alternator is disconnected then load shared by this alternator will be transferred to the other alternator before disconnecting The alternator are operated in parallel because 1) It is covenient and economical in repairing 2) It maintains better stability of supply. 3) It is easy to install an additional unit as and when required. Factor depend of emf generation. 1) Coil span factor 2) freauency 3) flux per pole If the load of an alternator is thrown off, the terminal voltage will be increase. EMF eaunation of alternator Eph = 4.44 Kc Kd QFTph If we incheases the frequency of alternator then speed will increases. If 30 mw power plant giving 20 mw output then it is running in lagging power factor.

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