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Ghi d liu
50.1 Tng quan...........................................................1 50.2 Bi cnh lch s .................................................1 50.3 Cc yu cu chc nng ca vic ghi d liu.......3 50.4 H thng ghi d liu ........................................11 50.5 Kt lun.............................................................15 Tom Magruder National Instruments
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giy. Vo cui th k 19, ngi ta c th bt u t ng ha qu trnh ny bng my mc, v cc my ghi biu dng bng c ra i. My ghi biu dng bng l nhng thit b tng t c chc nng chuyn cc xung in t cm bin sang dng chuyn ng c kh ca mt cnh tay. Mt chic bt c gn vi cnh tay v nhng cun giy di c chuyn ng mt tc khng i bn di chic bt. Kt qu nhn c l mt biu hin th cc thng s c o trong mt khong thi gian nht nh trn giy. My ghi biu dng bng l mt bc nhy v i so vi bn ghi bng tay, tuy nhin n vn cn nhiu nhc im. V d, vic chuyn i cc ng v trn giy thnh cc thng s k thut l mt vic lm bun t v cc d liu c ghi li tn rt nhiu giy.
HNH 50.1 ng dng ghi d liu da trn PC trng hp th nghim hiu sut ca t lnh Cng vi s pht trin ca my tnh c nhn trong cc thp nin 1970 v 1980, ngi ta bt u s dng my tnh phc v cho vic phn tch, lu tr d liu v lp bo co. Nhu cu a d liu vo PC mang li mt dng thit b mi cho vic ghi d liu, l b ghi d liu. B ghi d liu l mt thit b dng hp n l dng o cc tn hiu v chuyn chng sang dng d liu s ha, v lu tr d liu bn trong. D liu ny phi c truyn sang PC phn tch, lu tr lu di v lp bo co. D liu thng thng c truyn bng cch chuyn th cng mt thit b lu tr nh a mm t b ghi d liu n my tnh hoc bng cch ni b ghi d liu vi PC thng qua mt s kt ni truyn thng, nh ni tip hoc mng cc b. Thp nin 1990 chng kin s pht trin hn na ca vic ghi d liu khi ngi ta bt u to ra nhng h thng ghi d liu da trn PC. Nhng h thng ny kt hp kh nng thu thp vo lu tr ca b ghi d liu n l vi kh nng lu tr, phn tch, bo co v hin th ca cc PC hin i. Nhng h thng ghi d liu da trn PC cui cng cng t ng ha ton b qu trnh ghi d liu. Vic pht trin h thng ghi d liu da trn PC c thc y bi ba s ci tin cng ngh sau: 1. Tng tin cy ca PC 2. Gim ng k chi ph dung lng cng ca PC 3. Phn cng o lng da trn PC c th bng hoc vt kh nng o lng ca cc b ghi d liu n l. Ngy nay, cc h thng ghi da trn PC cung cp cc , kh nng phn tch v cng c bo co a dng nht. Phn cn li ca chng ny s tp trung vo chc nng cn thit vn hnh mt h thng ghi d liu da trn PC. 2
Ghi d liu
Cm bin
Mt lot cc cm bin c dng chuyn i cc thng s vt l thnh cc tn hiu in. Cm bin nhit nh l cp nhit, RTD hay nhit k l mt vi trong s cc cm bin thng dng nht c dng trong cc ng dng ghi d liu. Cc cm bin ph bin khc l lu lng k, b chuyn i p sut, my o ng sut, gia tc k, v micro,S la chn v ci t hp l ca cc cm bin khng c bn ti trong chng ny.
Kt ni tn hiu
Sau khi cc cm bin c ci t, chng phi c kt ni vi h thng ghi d liu. Kt ni tn hiu l mt b phn trong phn cng o lng ca bn cho php bn kt ni cc cm bin vi h thng ghi. u ni ren, cho php bn kt ni cc dy trn t cm bin trc tip n h thng ghi ca bn, l dng kt ni c bn nht. u ni ren l s la chn hp l cho cc ng dng a nng, c bit khi bn cn kt ni mt s lng ln cc tn hiu vo mt . Nhc im ca u ni ren l mt nhiu thi gian trong vic kt ni v kh ti cu hnh. Hnh 50.4 gii thiu mt s lin kt chun khc c thit k ni v ngt cc cm bin t dng cho phng th nghim. B kt ni cp nhit mini l mt kt ni c s dng rng ri cho cp nhit . B kt ni BNC v SMB c dng ph bin khi cn cch in loi tr m thanh. Banana jack thng c dng o dng in, in tr hoc in p cao hn. Cc nh cung cp cm bin thng xc nh loi kt ni ph hp i vi mi cm bin v bn c quyn la chn phn cng o lng m c th chp nhn kt ni .
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iu ha tn hiu
iu ha tn hiu l mt trong nhng nhn t quan trng nht v cng rt d b b qua nht ca h thng ghi da trn PC. Rt nhiu cm bin cn cng ngh iu ha tn hiu c bit. V d, tn hiu thu c t cp nhit c in p rt thp v yu cu c b khuch i, b lc v s tuyn tnh ha. Cc cm bin khc, nh l my o lc cng v gia tc k cn nng lng b sung khuch 4
Ghi d liu
i v lc, trong khi cc tn hiu khc c th yu cu s cch ly bo v h thng khi in p cao. Khng c mt b ghi d liu n l no c c tnh linh hat cn thit c th thc hin c cc php o ny. Tuy vy, vi iu ha tn hiu ngoi vi, bn c th kt hp cc cng ngh cn thit c th a cc dng tn hiu khc nhau ny vo mt h thng ghi d liu da trn PC. Phn ln cc tn hiu ny u cn c mt s chun b no trc khi chng c s ha. Ging nh trnh by trn, cc tn hiu t cp nhit mc in p rt thp, v vy chng phi c khuch i trc khi c th s ha. Cc cm bin khc, nh RTD, nhit in tr, my o lc cng, hoc gia tc k yu cu nng lng in vn hnh. Thm ch nhng tn hiu in p thun ty cng cn nhng cng ngh c bit ngn chn nhng tn hiu dng ph bin ln hoc gip bn an ton trong vic o lng tn hiu in p cao. Tt c nhng cng ngh chun b ny l cc dng ca iu ha tn hiu. Bi v c nhiu cng ngh iu ha tn hiu khc nhau nn vai tr v s cn thit ca mi cng ngh ny c th gy nn s nhm ln. Danh mc iu ha tn hiu ph bin, v d v chc nng ca chng khi m bn cn c lit k sau y. S khuch i. Khi m cc mc in p m bn ang o l rt thp, khuch i c s dng lm ti a kh nng ca b s ha. Bng cch khuch i tn hiu u ra, iu ha tn hiu s dng nhiu hn trong phm vi cho php ca b bin i A/D. iu cho php lm tng chnh xc v phn gii ca tn hiu o c. Cc cm bin tiu biu yu cu c b khuch i l cp nhit v my o cng. S suy gim. S suy gim i lp vi s khuch i. N cn thit khi in p s ha nm ngoi phm vi u ra ca b s ha. Dng iu ha tn hiu ny chia tn hiu u ra sao cho tn hiu c iu ha nm trong phm vi ca b bin i A/D. S suy gim cn thit cho vic o lng in p cao. Cch ly. Cc tn hiu in p nm ngoi phm vi ca b s ha c th php hy h thng o lng v gy tn hi cho b iu khin. V l do ny, cch ly c yu cu kt hp vi suy gim nhm bo v h thng v ngi s dng khi in p nguy him hoc cc xung in p. Vic cch ly cng rt cn thit khi cc cm bin trong mc in p ni t khc vi cc cm bin o lng (ging nh vic lp t cp nhit trn mt ng c). Dn knh. Thng thng, b s ha l phn t nht ca mt h thng thu thp d liu. Dn knh cho php bn t ng a cc tn hiu vo mt b s ha n. y l mt cch mang tnh kinh t gip m rng s lng tn hiu trn h thng ca bn. Dn knh cng c th cn thit cho mt ng dng c s lng knh ln bt k. Lc. Lc c chc nng loi b cc thnh phn tn s khng mong mun ra khi mt tn hiu. iu ny gip ngn chn cc tn hiu rng ca v gim bt tn hiu nhiu. Cc o lng cp nhit thng yu cu phi c mt b lc thng thp loi b nhiu ng ti in ra khi cc tn hiu thu c. Cc o lng dao ng thng thng yu cu phi c mt b lc thng thp tn s cao hn loi b cc thnh phn tn hiu tn s cao nm ngoi phm vi ca h thng thu thp d liu. S kch thch. Nhiu loi cm bin, bao gm RTD, my o cng v gia tc k yu cu phi c mt s dng nng lng no thc hin php o. Kch thch l cng ngh iu ha tn hiu cung cp loi nng lng ny. S kch thch ny c th l mt ngun in p hoc dng in, ty vo tng loi cm bin. S tuyn tnh ha. Mt s dng cm bin sinh ra cc tn hiu in p khng c quan h tuyn tnh vi i lng vt l m chng o c. Tuyn tnh ha l qu trnh chuyn i tn hiu t cm bin thnh thng s vt l. Vic lm ny c th c thc hin thng qua phng php iu ha tn hiu hoc phn mm. Cp nhit l mt v d in hnh v loi cm bin yu cu phi c s tuyn tnh ha. B mt nhit mi ni. Mt cng ngh khc cn thit cho qu trnh o c ca cp nhit l b mt nhit mi ni (cold-junction compensation - CJC). Bt k lc 5
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no khi cp nhit c ni vi h thng thu thp d liu th phi nm bt c nhit ca lin kt , nhm tnh ton nhit thc m cp nhit ang o. Mt cm bin c gn CJC phi c t ti v tr ca cc lin kt. Ly mu ng thi. Khi cn phi o nhiu tn hiu, chnh xc vo cng mt thi im, th vic ly mu ng thi l cn thit. iu ha tn hiu ngoi vi c th cung cp mt gii php ly mu ng thi hiu qu hn nhiu vic u t mt b s ha c nhng kh nng ny. Cc ng dng tiu biu c th yu cu ly mu ng thi bao gm o lng dao ng v o lng lch pha. Hu ht cc cm bin cn s kt hp ca cng ngh iu ha tn hiu trn. Mt ln na, cp nhit l mt v d in hnh bi v n cn khuch i, tuyn tnh ha, b mt nhit mi ni, lc v i khi c cch ly. V l tng, mt bn ghi d liu da trn PC tt c th cung cp cho bn kh nng la chn dng iu ha tn hiu cn cho cc ng dng ca bn. Trong mt s h thng, iu ha tn hiu ngoi vi l mt s la chn, nhng trong h thng khc, iu ha tn hiu ngoi vi l mt s cn thit thc hin cc o lng c yu cu. Ging nh quy tc ngn tay ci, h thng o lng ca bn c th bao gm iu ha tn hiu ngoi vi nu bn c k hoch s dng bt k mt trong cc li thit b sau: cp nhit , RTD, nhit in tr, my o cng, LVDT, gia tc k, cng tc, dn knh, cc tn hiu in p cao/thp hn hp, u vo dng in, hoc u vo in tr.
Chuyn i
Sau khi cc thng s vt l c chuyn i thnh cc tn hiu in v c iu ha ng cch, th l thi im chuyn i cc tn hiu in tng t thnh cc tn hiu s v a cc gi tr quay tr li my tnh. Qu trnh chuyn i A/D c th c hon thnh vi mt bo mch thu thp d liu gn lin, hoc n c th c tch hp bn trong mt gi n l vi s iu ha v kh nng k ni. C th tham kho chi tit qu trnh chuyn i ny ti Chng 6.1 v 6.3 ca quyn sch ny. S kt hp cc cm bin, kh nng kt ni tn hiu, iu ha tn hiu, v chuyn i A/D to nn phn cng o lng ca h thng ghi d liu. Trong mt h thng da trn PC, phn cng o lng c cu hnh v iu khin thng qua phn mm v chnh l iu kin s dng phn mm c thit k cho s tch hp hon ho ca tt c cc b phn cu thnh trong h thng ghi d liu ca bn.
Ghi d liu
xy ra. Cnh bo cng bao gm mt p ng t ng vi cc s kin no . V d, h thng ghi d liu c th tt mt my ang c gim st nu nhit du bi trn vt qu gi tr gii hn no . Phm vi ng dng rng ri ca chc nng phn tch trc tuyn c th c yu cu trong cc ng dng ghi d liu khc nhau. Chc nng ny c th bao gm cc h thng iu khin phn hi hoc phn tch tn hiu tin tin. Ch c cc h thng ghi d liu da trn PC mi c c kh nng linh hat p ng c cc yu cu khc nhau ny.
Ghi v lu tr d liu
Theo nh ngha, mi h thng ghi d liu u cn khi chc nng ghi (hoc lu tr) d liu. Cc phng php lu tr d liu cng khc nhau nhiu trong cc h thng khc nhau. My ghi biu dng bng s dng giy, b ghi d liu truyn thng c th s dng b nh trong khng linh ng, a mm hoc mt lat cc thit b trung gian khc. H thng ghi d liu da trn PC thng xuyn s dng a cng ca PC, mc d chng cng c th dng bng t, a mng, a RAID v nhiu la chn khc. Phn mm ng vai tr rt quan trng trong h thng ghi d liu da trn PC, do phn mm ghi d liu c xy dng tt quyt nh vic lu tr d liu nh th no, tc ghi d liu ln a ra sao v hiu qu s dng khng gian lu tr nh th no. Phn mm ghi cng cho bn kh nng qun l d liu, v d nh l vic thay i nh dng d liu, cu trc d liu v lin kt vi cc c s d liu. nh dng lu tr d liu c mi lin h cht ch vi kh nng hot ng v tnh d dng s dng ca h thng ghi d liu. C 3 loi nh dng ph bin hay c s dng trong h thng ghi d liu l: tp vn bn dng ASCII, tp nh phn, v c s d liu. Tp vn bn dng ASCII l dng lu tr d liu ph bin v linh hot nht. Cc tp vn bn trong cc ng dng ghi d liu thng c to thnh bi mt tiu v cc ct d liu. Phn tiu cung cp cc thng tin nh tn knh, n v, thit b kim tra v ghi ch ca ngi s dng. Ct d liu u tin thng l ct thi gian ca mi mu, v sau l cc ct khc cho mi knh ang c ghi. Tp vn bn c s dng rng ri bi v chng c th c m hoc nhp vo hu ht cc gi phn mm, v chng cng d dng c truyn gia cc h iu hnh vi nhau. Mt s nhc im ca tp dng vn bn l chng s dng khng gian a km hiu qu, v chng cng cn x l b sung trc ghi v c t cc tp. Tp vn bn dang ASCII c dng rng ri khi tc thu thp d liu thp (<1000 mu trn 1 giy), tng s d liu c ghi khng qu ln v ngi s dng d dng chia s d liu gia cc ng dng phn mm khc nhau. Tp nh phn l mt phng php lu tr d liu hiu qu nht. Vi tp nh phn, cc byte ban u m my tnh ang s dng lu tr d liu trong b nh c ghi trc tip ln tp. D liu ny chim t khng gian hn cc thng tin c ghi di dng vn bn ASCII v n yu cu t hn ng k u c so vi nh dng thnh vn bn. Tp ASCII khng th xem c bng cc phn mm ng dng ph thng nh l MS Excel. Thay vo , chng phi c chuyn i bng bng mt chng trnh phn mm thnh dng d liu c ngha y . Vi h thng ghi d liu da trn PC, bn c th ghi d liu chun va c x l theo n v k thut chnh xc, hoc bn c th ghi cc gi tr nh phn ban u c ly t b s ha. Nhng gi tr nh phn ban u th hin vic chuyn i A/D ca mi mu c ly ra t thit b DAQ 16 bit thng chim 16 bit, hoc 2 byte ca b nh. Chng trnh chun knh trong phn mm ghi ca bn s t ng chuyn i d liu th ny thnh mt s thc biu din gi tr vt l m bn o c. D liu c chn t l thng c qun l bn trong phn mm ghi d liu nh l mt gi tr du phy ng vi chnh xc gp i, n l kiu d liu chim ti 8 byte ca b nh trong hu ht cc h thng my tnh. Vi cc nguyn nhn v kh nng hot ng, mt s h thng ghi d liu tc cao c th ghi cc gi tr nh phn ban u ln a, cng vi cc hng s t l cn thit chuyn i chng thnh 7
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d liu c chn t l sau ny. Hnh 50.5 cho thy mi lin h gia bn ghi nh phn ban u, nh phn c chn t l v vn bn ASCII. Tp nh phn chim t khng gian v cho php ci thin tc ghi ln a. Tp nh phn ban u chim t hn 1/10 kch thc ca tp vn bn cha cng mt thng tin. Nhc im ca tp nh phn l chng phi chuyn i sang nh dng khc trc khi chng c th chia s d liu gia cc ng dng khc nhau.
Hnh 50.5 V d v kch thc tp lu tr d liu Nhiu gi phn mm ghi d liu ghi d liu vo c s d liu. C s d liu thng l cc tp nh phn cung cp mt nh dng c cu trc chn v truy lc d liu. Chng s c ti u ha qun l c hiu qu mt lng ln d liu v tm kim cc thng tin trong c s d liu m khng cn phi nhp vo tt c mi th vo b nh. C s d liu cng thng c thit k cho php sao chp v lu tr d liu mt cch d dng v chp nhn cho nhiu ngi s dng cng mt lc. Chng thng dng cc phng php phn mm d dng cho vic nhp vo cc gi phn mm khc nhau phn tch v lp bo co. Trong nhiu trng hp, c s d liu l nh dng lu tr d liu l tng cho h thng ghi d liu da trn PC. Hai nhc im ca vic dng c s d liu cho lu tr l chng lm tng phc tp v kh khn trong thc thi nu bt u t vch xut pht. Nhiu loi phng tin lu tr khc nhau c s dng ghi d liu. B ghi d liu n l c th s dng b nh on-board khng linh ng, a mm, th nh PCMCIA, bng t hoc bt k mt la chn no khc. H thng ghi d liu da trn PC thng ph thuc vo cng trong ca my tnh. iu l kh thi do xu th pht trin ngy cng tng tin cy v kh nng ca cng. Ngy nay, cc cng c dung lng ln n 20 GB (v ln hn) to cho n l mt trong nhng thit b lu tr kinh t nht. N vn thch hp cho vic sao chp hoc lu tr nh k d liu c ct gi trn trn mt cng cc b. Cc ng dng ghi d liu tc cao (ln hn 1 M mu trn 1 giy) c th bt u vt qua tc ghi ln a ca cc cng ca PC thng thng. Mt trong nhng u im ca h thng ghi da trn PC l bn c th chuyn n cc thit b c hiu sut cao hn v my tnh c kh nng hot ng tt hn, thng t hoc khng phi iu chnh phn mm ghi hoc phn cng o lng ca bn. Mt dng ca thit b lu tr tc cao l b iu khin RAID (H thng a d phng redundant array of independent disks). B iu khin RAID s dng nhiu cng c phi hp tng cng tc ghi ln a t hp v cung cp tnh ton vn ca d liu c hon thin Thit b nghe nhn (Audio-visual - AV) l mt dng khc ca thit b lu tr c s dng cho 8
Ghi d liu
vic ghi d liu tc cao. Thit b AV c ti u cho vic truyn mt lng ln thng tin v m thanh v hnh nh ln a, v s ti u cng lm cho chng thch hp hn trong cc ng dng bn ghi d liu hiu sut cao. Cui cng, mt s cng ty to ra phn ng ty bin cho php cc thit b DAQ truyn d liu qua bus PCI ca my tnh, trc tip ln thit b lu tr. Tc truyn ln a ca nhng thit b ny b gii hn bi di thng hin c ca bus PCI, vi tc ln nht theo l thuyt l 132 MB/s trn phn ln cc my tnh.
Hin th
Phn ln cc ng dng ghi d liu cn mt s dng hin th quan st cc o lng ang c lu tr. Chc nng hin th c th c phn thnh quan st d liu trc tip v d liu lch s. Hin th d liu trc tip l rt cn thit nu bn cn quan st d liu trong khi n ang c thu thp. Nhiu b ghi d liu n l tch hp vi b hin th d liu trc tip. Hin th d liu lch s cho php bn quan st cc d liu c thu thp trc y. Phn ln cc b ghi d liu n l yu cu bn phi chuyn d liu ti PC quan st d liu lch s. Cc ng dng ghi d liu da trn PC cho php bn kt hp c hin th d liu trc tip v hin th d liu lch s vo trong cng mt giao din ngi dng. Cc tin tch quan st d liu cn cung cp mt giao din ngi dng trc quan, kh nng cun v phng to, con tr v cc c tnh ty bin chung. Hnh 50.6 l mt v d hin th d liu lch s tiu biu c tm thy vi phn mm thng mi hin c.
Lp bo co
Lp bo co l mt chc nng thng khng c coi l mt phn trong cc ng dng ghi d liu. Trong thc t, phn ln ng dng ghi d liu cn mt s dng ca kh nng lp bo co, vi mt l do n gin l nu bn ghi d liu, mt s ngi cn xem n trong mt nh dng c th c c th bn phi cn c mt bo co. Lp bo co c th c tch hp vo trong cc ng dng ghi d liu da trn PC nhm tng hiu sut. ng dng ghi c th c thit lp to cc bo co c xc nh trc theo chu k v phn phi chng n i tng thch hp.
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Hnh 50.7 Kh nng lp bo co tin tin ca gi phn mm National Instruments DIAdem Hin nay c phn mm thng mi mnh, n c thit k cung cp cho bn kh nng tin tin trong vic phn tch v lp bo co t cc thng s o ca bn. Hnh 50.7 cho bn v d v kh nng lp bo co c th c ca gi phn mm thng mi c ny. Khi la chn phn mm lp bo co, iu quan trng l n tch hp mt cch hon ho vi phn cn li ca phn mm bn ghi d liu. Trong trng hp l tng, phn mm bn ghi d liu phi c kh nng a d liu trc tip n ng dng lp bo co v t ng lp bo co.
Ghi d liu
c d liu ban u v kt qu phn tch ti ngi nhn hoc t ng a cc bo co ln trang Web. Trong cc ng dng ghi d liu phn tn rng ri, mi nt ghi c th xut bn cc kt qu o ca n ln mng v my ch c th ng vai tr l trung tm thu nhn. My tnh trung tm nhn cc thng s o lng t mi nt, kt hp chng phn tch v ghi kt qu lu tr lu di, v lp bo co phn tch d liu theo nh k.
Cc ty chn phn mm
La chn phn mm l mt trong cc bc quan trng nht khi xc nh mt h thng ghi d liu da trn PC. Phn mm c tnh cht quyt nh h thng ghi ca bn nhm cung cp cho bn nhiu tin ch v gii php mm do. Phn mm o lng phi c thit k tch hp lin mch vi phn cng. Ngoi nhim v c bn l thu thp d liu v ghi n ln a, phn mm cn cung cp cc cng c qun l cu hnh phn cng o lng, chn t l d liu t cc knh v cn chun h thng. Phn mm nn cho php bn hon thnh y ng dng ca bn, bao gm lp bo co, phn tch, lu tr v chia s. C 2 loi phn mm c th c dng cho cc ng dng ghi d liu da trn PC - phn mm trn gi (turnkey software), cn c gi l phn mm da trn cu hnh v cc mi trng pht trin ng dng. Cc gi phn mm trn gi sn sng chy trn cc ng dng phn mm ghi d liu, n kt ni bn vi phn cng o lng thu thp v ghi d liu. Nhng ng dng ny cung cp cho bn mi trng lm vic thn thin nhm cu hnh nhim v ghi, trnh by cng nh chy nhanh hn. Mt gi phn mm ghi d liu da trn cu hnh tt s cung cp: Giao din ngi dng trc gic: Cu hnh phn mm nn c mt giao din da trn Windows, iu khin bng thc n vi cc chc nng v hng dn tr gip truy cp d dng. Lu tr v ct gi d liu t ng: Mt trong cc chc nng c bn ca bt k gi phn mm ghi d liu no l nhm qun l vic lu tr d liu. N nn t ng lu tr d liu mt cch c hiu qu, v phn mn nn cung cp mt phng php sao lu v ct gi d liu. Kh nng xut d liu: mc ti thiu, mt gi phn mm nn cho php bn xut d liu ti cc tp vn bn dng ASCII bn c th nhp n vo cc gi phn mm khc. Cc gi phn mm ghi d liu cao cp hn s cho php d liu c chuyn i t ng thnh cc c s d liu v chng trnh phn tch thng thng. Qun l cnh bo v s kin: Phn mm ghi d liu phi cung cp kh nng qun l cnh bo v s kin. l kh nng pht hin xem mt tn hiu c vt qu hoc di mc gii hn hay nm ngoi hoc nm trong mt phm vi hay khng. Nu c cnh bo, phn mm c th cho php tin hnh mt lot hot ng, nh gi bo co hoc thc hin mt s dng u ra s hoc tng t. Cc cng c hin th v xu hng: Cc gi phn mm ghi trn gi cn c mt giao din tt quan st c d liu trc tip v d liu lch s. Giao din ny phi cho php bn 11
S tay C in t
cun d liu, phng to ti cc khu vc quan tm, v quan st cc xu hng di hn ca d liu. Mt nhc im ca cc ng dng da trn cu hnh l bn s b b hp trong cc tnh nng do nh sn sut cung cp tr khi nh sn xut ch to theo yu cu t hng ca bn. Nu bn cn thay i cc thng s v bn cn thm mt dng tn hiu khc, bn c th khng gp may nu gi phn mm khng h tr dng thng s . Ngoi ra, nu bn mun tch hp phn tch ngoi tuyn, lp bo co, v kh nng kt ni mng vo trong ng dng ghi d liu, th mt ng dng phn mm trn gi ng c th kh thc hin iu ny. Mt khc, c nhng ng dng phn mm trn gi cung cp cc phng php la chn theo yu cu ca khch hng cng vi cc cng c pht trin ng dng ph bin. Cc gi phn mm ghi d liu c th ty bin ny cung cp kh nng tt nht cho php bn nhanh chng thch nghi vi cc ng dng ghi ca mnh, v cng cho bn phng php tch hp nhiu chc nng tin tin sau ny.
Hnh 50.8 V d lp trnh ha ca ng dng ghi d liu vi National Instruments LabVIEW Cc cng c pht trin ng dng l mt la chn khc cho vic pht trin cc h thng ghi d liu da trn PC. Cc cng c pht trin c dng t nhng ngn ng lp trnh da trn vn bn n cc mi trng lp trnh ha. Hnh 50.8 l mt v d m phn mm cho mt ng dng ghi d liu c pht trin trong mi trng lp trnh ha. Cc cng c pht trin cho php bn xy dng ng dng ghi d liu ty bin ca ring mnh nhm thc hin chnh xc nhng g bn mun. Cc cng c pht trin ng dng cho bn kh nng sa i ng dng khi nhu cu ca bn thay i, tch hp cc kh nng phn tch v bo co ty bin vi ng dng ghi ca bn v t ng ha hon ton h thng ghi d liu ca bn. Khi pht trin cc ng dng ghi d liu, bn nn la chn mt mi trng pht trin vi cc c trng hiu qu cho php bn to ra nhng h thng ghi d liu mnh. Mt s c trng cn xem xt khi nh gi cc cng c pht trin ng dng l: Phm vi rng ca cc thnh phn giao din ngi dng ha: Vic pht trin cc thnh phn giao din ngi dng nh cc th, hin th v iu khin ngay t u tn kh nhiu thi gian. Bn nn chn mt mi trng pht trin c cc thnh phn giao din ngi dng cht lng cao. S tch hp cht ch vi phn cng o lng: Bn cn s dng phn mm c thit k lm vic vi phn cng o lng. S tch hp phn mm hp l khng ch gip rt ngn thi gian pht trin mt cch ng k m n cn m bo rng bn c c cc thng s o lng ng tin cy. 12
Ghi d liu
Cc chc nng phn tch: Mt trong cc l do c bn ca vic pht trin ng dng phn mm ghi d liu l tch hp cc chc nng phn tch tin tin. Mt mi trng pht trin ng dng tt s cung cp mt lot cc chc nng phn tch qun l hu ht nhng g bn mun. Kh nng kt ni mng: Trong mi trng mng ngy nay, kh nng kt ni ng dng ghi d liu ca bn ti Web c th rt quan trng. Phn mm pht trin ng dng ca bn nn cung cp cng c a cc kt qu ln mng theo mt chu trnh khng c li. Lp bo co: Mi trng pht trin ng dng ca bn nn cho php bn lp bo co mt cch t ng, hoc cho php iu khin theo chng trnh cc gi bo co lp t bn ngoi. S la chn gia phn mm ng gi v cc cng c pht trin ph thuc vo phc tp ca cc ng dng ghi d liu v cc yu cu ca khch hng. Vi mi s la chn, cn thit phi la chn mt nh cung cp phn mm chuyn a ra nhng thng s ph hp vi my tnh ca bn v cung cp dch v cng nh h tr cht lng cao.
S tay C in t
Hnh 50.10 H thng ghi d liu da trn PC cng nghip lp trn khung
Hnh 50.11 H thng ghi d liu phn tn S la chn nn tng ghi ph thuc vo yu cu ca h thng ghi d liu ca bn v mt s h thng c th yu cu s dng nhiu nn tng khc nhau. Vi phn cng v phn mm c thit k hp l, cc h thng bn ghi d liu c th pht trin t cc h thng th nghim s knh thp n cc h thng ghi cng nghip phn tn, s lng knh rt cao.
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Ghi d liu
50.5 Kt lun
Ghi d liu cho php cc nh khoa hc v cc k s nh gi mt lot cc hin tng t cc kiu thi tit n hiu sut ca nh my. H thng ghi d liu da trn PC to s linh hot, ty bin v tnh tch hp nht. xc nh mt h thng ghi d liu, bn phi nh gi c cc yu cu v vic thu thp, phn tch trc tuyn, ghi d liu, phn tch ngoi tuyn, hin th, lp bo co v chia s d liu. Da trn cc yu cu , bn c th chn phn cng v phn mm ghi d liu theo nhu cu.
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