Part 4

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;|f]t xf] / pgsf] vf“6L kl/ro xf] . s0f{ zfSosf] g]kfn cfk\mgf] hGde"ld, sd{e"ld /
d/0fe"ld klg xf] eGg] uGtJo :ki6 7DofO{ xf] . t;y{ …d}n] oxf“ :ju{ vf]Hg} k5{Ú eGg]
b[9 c7f]6af6 …g]kfnd} :ju{ vf]Hg]Ú ;Gbe{n] s0f{nfO{ s0f{ zfSodf ¿kfGtl/t u/fPsf]
xf] . s0f{sf] …sfn;“usf] n8fO{+Ú Pp6f sljtf pk/sf] slj Jolytsf] …sljtf b'O yl/sf
x'G5g\ Psyl/ zAbsf] lsNnfdf efjgf /fVg], csf]{yl/ efjgfsf] lsNnfdf zAb 6f“Ug]Ú
s0f{sf] of] sljtf efjgfsf] lsNnfdf zAb 6f“Ug] vfnsf] xf] eGg] l6Kk0fLaf6 s0f{
xf}l;Psf] x'g'k5{ . g]kfndf w]/} nfos hgzlQm 5 h:n] cfk\mgf] lehgnfO{ ld;gdf
kl/jt{g ug{ ;S5 eGg] lgisif{n] g]kfnL hgtfk|lt s0f{sf] b/f] ljZjf; hufPsf] 5 .
s0f{sf] cGtb{[li6n] g]kfndf cyfx ;Defjgf b]V5 . clg s0f{sf] u'gf;f] 5, …dfq vf“rf]
5 oxf“ ;f]rsf]Ú . zfob To;}n] of] …;f]rÚ o; ¿kdf cfPsf] xf] .
pgL olt efj's eP/ n]V5g\ æolb of] b]z ;f“Rr} gs{ e};s]sf] /x]5 eg]klg
of] gs{leq :ju{ vf]Hg' xfd|f] st{Jo xf] .Æ s0f{ dfG5]nfO{ ;a}yf]s xf] eGg] dfGotf
/fV5g\ / eG5g\ …dfG5]sf] lbdfudf Pp6f crDdsf] h}ljs d]lzg 5 To;}leq ;f/f
;d:ofsf ;dfwfg c6fPsf 5g\ t;y{ dfG5] g} ;a}yf]s xf] .Ú
of] …;f]rÚ lstfjdfkm{t s0f{n] …gÚ eGg] zAbnfO{ g} gsfg{ vf]h]sf 5g\ . xf] t
lg Û lsg rflxof] of] …gÚ < …b]z vQd 5Ú eGg]x¿nfO{ 5§' :ofnsf] …rLnn] rNnf
nUof]Ú eGg] x'OofnfO{ s'v'/f wgLn] cSsf;lt/ x]/]sf] df}sf 9'sL :ofnn] cfkm}+ s'v'/f
rf]g{ afxgf agfPsf] ;Demgf h:t} cfp“5 of] lstfj k9\bf . b]z vQd 5}g lsgls
Goftfkf]n, s[i0f dlGb/, rfFu'gf/fo0f dlGb/ h:tf sf7, 9'Ëf / df6f]df, sk8f /
sfutdf To:tf ljnIf0f snf sf]g]{, s'“b\g], 7f]Sg], kf]Tg], vf]Kg], 3:g] dfWodaf6 dfgj
l;h{gf / ;EotfnfO{ plxNo} dWoo'ud} Tolt lzv/df k'¥ofpg] Oltxf; s:n] agfof] <
;'Gwf/f / c¿ 9'Ë] wf/fx¿, Ogf/x¿ s:n] agfof] < eGg] h:tf k|Zg u/]/ To:tf
k'vf{sf] w/f]x/ of] g]kfn vQd 5}g a¿ …vQd 5Ú eGg]x¿ g} vQd u/fp“g tlD;Psf
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t 5}gg\ Û eGg] vfnsf ts{ 5g\ o; k':tsdf . ;/sf/L sfdbf/ / xf]6]nx¿ h:tf
lghL If]qdf sfd ug]{ sfdbf/x¿sf] sfdsf] cGt/sf] Pp6f 3tnfUbf] pbfx/0f o;df
k|:t't 5 . kbofqfdfq xf]Og, ¥oflº6ª\ h:tf ko{6gsf ofjt\ KF“mf6df g]kfnLx¿n]
k|z+;fnfos sfd u/]sf pkdf lb“b} b]zsf] cfhsf] b'b{zfsf] bf]if g]kfnL hgdfg;df
yf]kg{ kfOb}g eGg] uh{g 5 s0f{ zfSosf] ;f]rdf . cToGt} ;sf/fTds ;f]rnfO{
7\ofSs} ldNg] b[i6fGt lb“b} ;zQm ¿kdf pNn]v u/]sf 5g\ pgn] . JolQmut /
cgf}krfl/s txdf jf:tljs w/ftndf 6]sL s'/f ubf{ sdLsdhf]/L / uNtL
:jLsfg]{x¿ klg ha kbdf, cf}krfl/stfdf pleg k'U5g\ . clg cGt/fTdfsf] cfjfh
;d]t n'sfpg] gLrtf xfd|f nflu sfnf] u|x0f g} x'g] u/]sf] 5 eGg] dg;fo JoQm ug{
vf]h]sf 5g\ s0f{n] . clwsf+z g]tfdf of]UotfeGbf klg ;kgf b]Vg] / kl/sNkgf ug]{
u'0fsf] cefj b]lvG5 eGg] ltvf] l6Kk0fL 5 . ax'bnLo /fhgLltdf b[9 ljZj:t s0f{
zfSosf] dfGotfdf h–h:fn] h] eg]klg PSsfO;f}+ ztfAbLdf ax'bnLo k|hftGqsf]
ljsNk 5}g . Pp6f k|;Ë 5 o; lstfjdf . k/Dk/fut jf:t'snf ;DaGwL cfk"mn]
cfof]hgf u/]sf] Pp6f kmf]6f] k|bz{gLdf csZdft\ ;fdfGo gful/s ;/x /fhf jL/]Gb|
x]g{ cfPsf / pgn] cfkm\gf 5f]/f 5f]/L >'lt—lg/fhg;“u} NofPsf clg /fhf;“u cfk\mgf]
s'/fsfgL ePsf] ;Gbe{ sf]6\ofp“b} s0f{n] sf7df8f}+df klxnf b'O6f w/x/f lyP /] Pp6f
t plxNo} w/fzfoL ePsf]n] clxn] Pp6fdfq w/x/f /x]sf] eGg] k|frLg snfs[ltk|lt
rfv, 1fgsf] ulx/fO{ / lzi6tf tyf eb|tfsf] k|z+;f u/]sf 5g\ .
>LnÍf ;/sf/sf tk{maf6 g]kfndf jfl0fHo b"tdf cfkm\gf] -s0f{sf]_ lgo'lQmsf]

cg'df]bgsf] l;nl;nfdf /fhfsf k|d'v lghL ;lrj gf/fo0fk|;fb >]i7n] …hgdtsf]
;dodf s0f{hLsf] dt lgb{n–ax'bn stf lyof] lg <Ú eGg] k|Zgsf] pQ/df s0f{n]
…hjfkm lha|f]af6 ls cGt/fTdfaf6 lbp“Ú egL k|ltk|Zg u/]sf] tYoklg lgs} /f]rs 5
o;df . …dt t ax'bns} kIfdf lbPsf] x'“Ú :ki6 eGb} …lsgeg] lrof ls skmLÚ egL
5fGg lbPsf] cj;/df dg k/]sf] s'/f 5fGg] clwsf/ k|of]u u/]sf] dfq x'“ cGoyf d]/f]
s'g} RjfO; 5}g egL 7f8} eGbfeGb} klg ax'bndf cf:yf /fVg] cfkm\gf] dgf]gog
g]kfndf >LnÍg jfl0fHob"tdf ePsf]df s[t1tf k|bz{g ul/Psf] 5 s0f{sf tkm{af6
o:df . ;f“:s[lts ;Dkbf ;+/If0f ;DaGwL Pp6f cGt/f{li6«o uf]i7Ldf -h'g ;+o'Qm /fHo
cd]l/sfsf] xjfO{sf] Oi6j]i6 ;]G6/df cfof]lht lyof]_ c¿ b]zn] cf–cfk\mgf] b]zsf]
sfo{kq k|:t't ub}{ ;+/If0fsf] k|of;df cfkm\gf] d'n'ssf] s'n /fli6«o pTkfbg (GNP)
sf] olt–olt k|ltzt nufgL ul/Psf] 5 . s0f{ zfSon] eg] a8f] rnfvLsf ;fy
g]kfnsf] (GNP) sf] clt Go"g k|ltzt nufgL ePklg GNH eg] clt pRr ePsf] 5
eg]5g\ . clg (GNH) eg]sf] s'n /fli6«o ;Gt'li6 (Gross National.Happiness) xf]
284
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eg]5g\ . /fi6«sf nflu (GNP) eGbf (GNH) dxTjk"0f{ x'G5 . lsgeg] dflg;
cfTd;Gt'li6sf nflu g} ljsf; u5{ / ;Dkbfsf] ;+/If0f u5{ egL JofVof u/]5g\ .
cGttM Tof] k|:tfjn] uf]i7L g} ;Gt'li6df s]lGb|t eP5 / uf]i7Lsf] gfd g} xfkL
(Heritage of Asia and Pacific Island) /x]5 eGg] /fd|f] pNn]v 5 .
cfºgf afa'n] g]kfnsf] /fhwfgL sf7df8f}+sf] d'6' c;gdf Pp6f 7"nf] lkmlnK;
/]l8of] NofP/ ahfp“bf ;'Gg]x¿ gkTofO{ dfG5] st} leq n's]sf] 5 ls egL 3'dL 3'dL
x]y]{ /] of] dfq %%÷^) jif{ cufl8sf] 36gf xf] . xfd|f] g]kfn sx“faf6 slt ;dosf]
cGt/fndf sx“f k'u]sf] 5 Tof] t'ngf ug{ cfu|x u5{g\ s0f{ zfSo . cfh xLgtfaf]wn]
k|efljt ub}{5 xfdLnfO{ . kmn:j¿k go“f k':tf ljb]lzg tDtof/ 5 eGg] ;Gb]z 5
s0f{sf] o;df . a]/f]huf/Lsf] clxn]sf] k|rf/ k"0f{ ;To xf]Og eGg] ts{ ub}{ ox“f l;kfn'
8sdL{, l;sdL{, s"s klg gkfOg] u'gf;f] 5 s0f{sf] o; lstfjdf . /fd|f] sfdsf]
pbfx/0fdf dfkmf{ a|f08L, gfª\nf] /]i6'/]06 h:tfnfO{ pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . d ykf}+ /fd|f]
k|'km x]g]{ e/kbf]{ dfG5] kfpg klg uf¥xf] 5 . sfd} ug]{ xf] eg] …xfOj] 6'l/hdÚ 5 . xfd|f
/fhdfu{x¿df w]/}j6f o:tf 7fp“ 5g\ h:nfO{ s}of}+ dn]v'df ¿kfGt/0f ug{ ;lsG5 eGg]
bfjL 5 k':tsdf . s0f{sf b[li6df …dflg;sf nflu r'gf}tL / cj;/sf 9f]sf ;Fw} v'nf
/xG5, s'g /f]Hg] 5gf]6 ug{ ;Sg'k5{ . t/ cj;/dfq x'“b}g r'gf}tL klg x'G5 sfddf .Ú
s0f{sf b[li6df hLjgrqm zfob oxL g} xf] . o; d'n'sdf tL; k}+tL; jif{cl3;Dd klg
jgdfq lyof] s] sf] lgs'~h / Û kl5 aNnaNn cfPsf] xf] /fli6«o lgs'~hsf] cjwf/0ff
a8f] d'l:snn] . of] s'/f 5\ofË} 5 o;df .
;“fu'/f] c;g 6f]ndf hGd]sf] s0f{ zfSo 5fsf{, :of/, s'tfª ef]6b]lv dgfªsf]
nfs]{ dfly;d]t e|d0f ug{ kfPsf]df ;f/} ;Gt'i6 5g\ . px“Fsf hf]vgfdf g]kfndf
cj;/ k|z:t 5g\, t/ vf]Hg] cf“vf / l6Kg] xft eg] cjZo rflxG5 eGg] pgsf] syg
5 . cfkm"n] 8f]Nkf, dgfª, d':tfªdf cgdf]n k|fs[lts ;|f]t / ;Dkbf ;fIffTsf/
ul/;s]sfn] g]kfnLn] b'Mv kfpg'kg]{ sf/0f g} b]Vb}gg\ s0f{ zfSo . 8f]Nkfsf] pRr
lxdfnL e]udf hËnL e]8f x]g{ hF“bf n]s nfUbfsf] …hLjg d/0fsf] 5gf]6Ú sf] 8/nfUbf]
36gfdf klg …sf]eGbf sf] sdÚ sf] cx+n] csf]{nfO{ eGg cl3 g;g]{ :jefjsf] cf]vtL g}
s0f{n] km]nf kf/]sf 5}gg\ .Ú
s0f{sf] cg'ejdf ;f}/fxfnfO{ /fli6«o lgs'~h 5gf]6 ubf{sf cgf}7f syf o;

k':tsdf 5g\ eg] g]kfn k|s[lt ;+/If0f ;+3df ;a} clwsf/L lzsf/L ePsf] rfvnfUbf
oyfy{n] of] lstfknfO{ clt hLjGt kf/]sf] 5 . ;f}/fxfsf] cl¥xd7] u}+8f / Pp6L 3“f;]
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dlxnfsf] s':tL, Tof] n8fO{+af6 tL gf/Lsf] Hofg arfpg u/]sf] k|oTgsf] /f]df~rs
j0f{g, 8/5]¿jf d~h'snL xfQL, x7L dfpt] ks'nf, efn' e]l6g', efn'sf] aRrf xfQLn]
s'lNr“bf efn'n] emD6g vf]Hg' / xfQL t;{g', 6fh{g eP/ cfkm" xfQLdf zo/ ubf{
efn'af6 tl;{P/ a's'{;L df/]sf] xfQLdf ;jf/ cfºgf] gfª\uf] hLpdf ao/3f/Lsf] 3f]K6]
-pN6f_ s“F8fn] lhpg} /QmfDd] kfg'{, tL 3fpdf jgdfs'/fsf hfnf] 6“Fl;g', tL hfnf]sf]
ljiffQmtfn] PnhL{ e} cfkm\gf] cg'xf/ P]gfdf x]bf{ cfkm}+ tl;{g] x'g', To;} xfntdf 3/
-sf7df8f}+_ cfp“bf 5f]/fsf] To:tf] la¿kb]vL cfdfsf] bafjsf] sf/0f hflu/ 5f]8\g]
k[i7e"ldaf/]sf] s0f{ zfSosf] j0f{g ;“Fr} cgf}7f] nfU5 . z'Snfkm“F6fdf af3n] ;fDa/sf]
l;sf/ u/]sf], af3sf] rf]/L l;sf/Lsf] cg'dfg, hfd'gsf ¿vdf af3sf k~hfn]
lryf]/]sf], l;sf/Lsf rSs'n] sf]6\ofPsf], ¿vsf] km]bdf df;'sf] uGw cfpg', e“'Odf
ds}sf u]8f kfOg', dxfsfnLsf] lsgf/df 8'Ëf a“FWg] 7'6f] b]lvg', eOd'lg 3'8“ f;Ddsf]
kfgLdf sDkf; x/fpg', la5§} ltvf{ nfUbf ef]ln emf8fjfGtf nfu] nfUnf cf]vtL
u/f}+nf, clxNo} d'v ;'s]/ dg{ t ePg lg Û egL e'“Osf] kfgL vfg', /ftL aNnaNn
Pp6f lkknsf] ¿vsf] x“Fufdf lrt'jf e}+m ;'t]sf] dg} x'“8Ng] s0f{ zfSosf oyfy{ 36gf
k9\bf syf g} xf] h:tf] nfU5 .
jgsf] hflu/ g5f]8]sf eP s0f{ zfSo s] x'Gy] < s] aGy] < eGg] tLa| lh1f;f
eof] dnfO{ of] k':ts kl9;s]kl5 . …;dodf xL/f kmf]g{ ;Sg'k5{Ú eGg] ljzfn 5ftL
ePsf ;f]lvg lktfhLsf] lzIffaf6 cg'k|fl0ft / …c¿l;t lng'eGbf c¿nfO{ lbg'
/dfOnf] x'G5Ú eGg] hLjgbz{g af]s]sL cfdfaf6 hGd]sf s0f{sf] j+zf0f' g} cs}{ vfnsf]
nfU5 . olb lbbLsf] …lbg]x¿ dfq t d"v{ x'G5g\Ú eGg] hLjg;"qn] s'g} lgb]{z gu/]sf]
eP zfob cfhsf s0f{, s0f{ x'“b}gy] . a'l4i6 ;+:sf/sf ePsf] x'“bf dxfef/tsf s0f{
klg x'“b}gy] ls < s0f{ zfSosf] cfhsf] hLjgrof{df klg afa', cfdf / lbbLsf hLjg
bz{gsf sltko ;"q ;"qsf] ld>0f 5 / k|ToIf Pj+ k/f]If ¿kdf lgb]{lzt 5 . s0f{nfO{
oL bz{gsf lqj]0fLsf hnsNnf]nn] obfsbf cfkm\gf] uGtJodf lbUe|ldt klg u/fpg]
cg'dfg u5{' d . olb s0f{sf ;fd' ;d:of cfp“5g\ eg] oL tLgd'v] hLjg z}nLsf
cjz]ifx¿ g} x'g\ .
hflu/ 5f]8]kl5 c;gsf] ;fgf] tLgf] sjnsf] kl/lwdf casf] s0f{

c6fp“b}gYof] . p:n] 5fsf{ / nfs]{ ef]6x¿b]lv xjfOsf] Oi6j]i6 ;]G6/;Dd klg d'6'df
c6fO;s]sf] lyof] . To;a]nfsf] s0f{ lju|g] ;k|g] bf];“Fwdf lyof] . Tof] df}sfdf gf]s/L
g5f]8]sf] eP s0f{ zfSo pklgb]{zs;Dd aGy] xf]nf . lsGt' s0f{sf] :ki76fjflb /
cu|ufdL :jefjsf sf/0f pm slxNo} lgb]{zs, dxflgb]{zs clg ;lrj aGg ;Q}mgYof] .
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g]kfndf dflyNnf] dflyNnf] txdf r9\g cfjZos lrKnf] 3:g] / xflsd kf]:g] ;+:sf/
p:fdf lyPg . t;y{ s0f{ gk'+;s em} cfzf / lg/fzfsf kLª v]ln/xGYof] . o;/L af“Rg'
p:fnfO{ uf¥xf] x'GYof] d}n] s0f{nfO{ hlt lrg]sf] 5' . Tof] r~rn] s0f{nfO{ emf]5]“sf]
c“Wof/f]] uNnLsf ;“Fu'/f sf]7fdf rnv]n ul//x]sf] …lxKkL ko{6gn]Ú uf“hf;“Fhf tfGg klg
nufP5 . …lxKkL ko{6gn]Ú ;'v]{tsf] a'na'n] tfnsf] kfgL h:tf] s0f{sf] r'na'n]
:jefjdf Pp6f go“F ljzfn lIftLh g} p3f/]5 . To;a]nf …lxKkL ko{6gÚ n] oxf“
glrofPsf] eP Tolt r“F8} sf7df8f}+ u]i6xfp; hGdb}gYof], xf]6]n pBf]udf s0f{n] sLlt{
/fVb}gYof] . s0f{sf afa'n] ;g\ !(%% d} g]kfnsf klxnf] OlGhlgo/ s'df/ g/l;+x
/f0ffsf] 7d]nsf] 3/ lsg]sf]n] s0f{nfO{ u]i6 xfp;tk{m v'§f xfNg k|f]T;flxt u¥of] .
/f0ffsf] ;+ut gu/]sf] eP s0f{sf] afa'n] Tof] 3/ lsGb}gy] . cGttM Tof] 3/ ;f/} sfd
nfUof] . 7d]ndf Ps hgf 8«fOe/sf] xTof x'“bf g]kfne/ xNnf rNg] hdfgfdf 7d]ndf
xf]6]n Joj;fo r'gf}tL g} lyof] . …3/ef8fdf nufP/ ;lhnf];“u vfg]Ú k/Gt' …go“F
sfdsf] r'gf}tL eg] g;sfg]{Ú To;a]nf bf]dg eP5, 3/ ef8fdf nufpg] ls xf]6]n
rnfpg] eGg] < s0f{n] lxKkLhdnfO{ s[lqd lg/fzfsf] hLjgz}nL eGb} of] ck|fs[lts
ePsf] x'“bf Ifl0fs xf] eGg] ljZn]if0f u/]5g\ / emf]5]“sf] ko{6gsf] eljio 5f]6f] 5 eGg]
7x¥ofP5g\ . of] k':tsn] To;} eG5 . sf7df8f}+df lxKkL gcfPsf eP km;L{sf] s]sb]lv
sfutL / :ofp;Ddsf cg]s :jfbsf w]/} kl/sf/ agfpg] ljlw t sf7df8f}+n] yfxf
kfp“b}gYof] . oL ljlw lxKkLaf6} t l;Sof] sf7df8f}+n] . …lxKkL ko{6gÚ cGt x“b' } uof]
otf, ptf 7d]n df}nfpg yfNof] . cGttM 7d]n ko{6gsf lglDt pQd s]Gb| g} x'g
k'Uof] . To;} eG5g s0f{ .
s0f{n] cfkm\gf] u]i6 xfp;sf b'Oj6f sf]7f clxn] klg b'O{ 8n/ ef8fd} /fv]sf
5g\ . k'/fgf] cj:yfsf] k'g/fjnf]sg ug{ /] . cfk"m sx“Faf6 p7]sf] xf] < eGg] lj:of]{ eg]
dfG5] lju|G5 eGg] pgsf] dfGotf 5 . s0f{sf xf]6]nx¿df ;fx' / u|fxssf] h:tf]
;DaGw geP/ kl/jf/s} ;b:osf ¿kdf Jojxf/ ug]{ gLlt 5, af]nfp“bf ld:6/–Dof8d
gegL klxnf] gfdn] ;Daf]wg ug]{ kl/kf6L a;flnPsf] 5 . h:faf6 ox“f a:bfklg
cltlyn] cfºg} 3/sf] ememNsf] kfp“5 .
ha d'n'ssf] ;fj{ef}d;Qf hgtfsf] xftdf lgxLt x'G5, hgtf cfkm}+ ;r]t

x'G5 . cfhsf] ;Gbe{df hgtf ;r]t x'g hlt;'s} ;do lnPklg /fi6«sf] cfo'sf]
;Gbe{df Tof] ;do w]/} x'“b}g eGg] dfGotfdf b[9 5g\ s0f{ zfSo . e|i6frf/sf] oltsf
huhuL x'“bfx'“b} klg g]kfnn] oltsf ljsf; s;/L u¥of] < k|Zg v8f ePsf] 5 . olb
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/fhgLlts g]tf / sfo{stf{x¿n] d'n'snfO{ ;xL af6f]df 8f]¥ofpg ;s]sf eP xfdLn]
slt ljsf; uYof}{ slt < s0f{ eGb5g\ .
s0f{ n]V5g\ cfkm" s]6fs]6L 5“bf c;g rf]sdf ls;fgn] a]Rg NofPsf
sfpnLsf kft u|fxsn] kmfNbf sltko dWodju{;Ddsf dlxnf;d]tn] u'Gb|'s xfNg
egL l6k]/ n}h“fbf nfh x'“b}gYof] t/ cfh sfnLdf6Ldf gs'lxPsf uf]ne]“8f y'k|} kmfNbf
klg s;}n] l6k]/ nf“b}g . sf7df8f}}+af6 ci6]«lnof h“fbf …xjfOhxfhsf] Pp6f l6s6
ldnfpg cfk"mnfO{ !) lbg nfu]sf]Ú 36gfnfO{ pNn]v ub}{ s0f{ zfSo …clxn] cfkm\g}
3/sf] sf]7faf6 hx“f hfg klg hxfhsf] l6s6dfq xf]Og, a:g] xf]6]n / Tox“f k|of]u ug]{
uf8Lsf];d]t ;lhn} Joj:yf x'G5 s]xL ;dod} .Ú s0f{sf] k|Zg 5 …s] of] k|ult xf]Og <Ú
kmf]S;'08f] tfn / To; e]usf] k|s[lt v]Ng] ljzfn d}bfgx¿sf] j0f{g s0f{n] s'g}
sljeGbf sd u/]sf 5}gg\ . pgsf] slj snd n]V5 æ:jlKgn:ju{ klg of] eGbf ;To /
;'Gb/ x'g} ;Sb}g .Æ gf/fo0fL gbLsf] tL/df rv]jfsf] l;sf/ ubf{sf] dfld{s, sf¿l0fs
cj:yfn] s0f{ zfSonfO{ cf+lzs a'4Tj k|fKt u/fP5 . Tof] la/lQmb]lv pgn] l;sf/
gv]Ng] eLid k|lt1f g} u/] / sf7df8f}+ cfpgf;fy aGb's a]lrlbP . nfdfau/sf]
e|d0fqmddf sf]dn kfgLn] s8f r§fgsf 9'ËfnfO{ s;/L unfpg ;S5 egL kfgL /
9'Ëfsf] cfTdsyf ptf/]sf 5g\ pgn] . uf]vf{sf] nfs]{, ;fdfufp“, Tox“fsf km\ofd';fsf]
;+;f/ / hut, Tox“f dflysf] sfnf] r'dgtfn, bfx|Ljfn u'/“f;3f/Ldf s:t'/L d[usf
a8sf}nf / dudu af:gf, w]/}yl/ r/fr'¿ËL x]g]{ /x/, kf]v/f, wDk';, r'Da|'ª, s'N8L,
ljzfn r§fgsf] u'kmf, cGgk"0f{ If]q k|s[lt / ;+:s[ltsf] cb\e"t bf]efgsf] j0f{g klg
ljz]if k|sf/sf]5 . ;Dk"0f{ jg If]q /fli6«o lgs'~h x'g'x“'b}g eGg] ;f]rsf k|0f]tf s0f{n]
k|s[lt / k|f0fLsf] ;dGjo :yfkgf ug]{ ax'cfoflds ;+/If0f Pj+ ljsf;sf] cjwf/0ffsf]
k|:tfjgf agfP . j:t'tM dflg; / k|s[ltaLr ;Gt'lnt hLjgz}nLsf pkfox¿ lyP
o:fdf . j:t'tM s0f{sf] of] Pp6f a[xb\ vf]hL xf] .
d}n] dxfef/tsf s0f{nfO{ klg unt tl/sfn] dfq k/flht u/fPsf] k9]sf]
lyP“ t/ ox“f cfP/ cfw'lgs ;+:s/0fsf cGoq slxNo} gxfg]{ s0f{ b'u{d If]qdf a;f]jf;
ug]{ bfh"efO{x¿nfO{ ;'ud 7fp“df k'gjf{; u/fpg], ;3g v]tL k|f0ffnLnfO{ k|f]T;fxg ug]{
of]hgfdf eg] xfd|f] s0f{nfO{ xf/]sf] kfP“ < of] d]/f] d"NofÍg 7Ls 5 t < t/ ca cfP/
eg] s0f{ ;f] of]hgf Jofjxfl/s 5 ls eGg yfn]sf 5g\ .
slt 7fp“df pHofnf]n] cFWof/f] klg Nofpg ;Sg] ts{ ub}{ s0f{n] cfkm\gf]
s[ltdf a¿ d}n] c“Wof/f]leq pHofnf] kfPsf] t/ Tof] x/fPsf] hl6n kx]nL k|:t't
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;f]r
u/]sf 5g\ . s0f{n] cfkm\gf] sf7df8f}+nfO{ s:tf] ;kmf, :jR5, ;'Gb/ / zfGt agfpg]
of]hgfsf/sf] ¿kdf pkl:yt u/fPsf 5g\ o;} lstfjdf . k|bLk lu/L, 8f= w'|a zdf{ /
s0f{n] …d k|wfgdGqL ePÚ eGg] k|Zgdf oL b'O{ g]tfnfO{ pgn] 6k]sf] 36gf /f]rs 9ªdf
pNn]v 5 o;df . s0f{ k|wfgdGqL eP ug]{ @( a'b] of]hgf o;}df 5 .
s0f{sf] of]hgf cg';f/ …zx/leqsf] ;+/If0f ljsf;sf nflu x'g'k5{ eg]

k|fs[lts :ynsf] ljsf; ;+/If0fsf nflu x'g'k5{ .Ú s0f{s} h'emf¿kgsf sf/0f s]z/
dxnsf] …:jKg au}rfÚ ;'/lIft dfq /x]g ljkgfsf] ju}+rfdf ¿kfGtl/t eof] . cfk\mgf]
!^ jif]{ pd]/df ePsf] lax]sf] k|;Ë p7fp“b} cfkm\gL >LdtL …/fd|L xf]nL ls g/fd|LÚ eGg]
lrGtfeGbf klg afa'n] b'O{ hf]/ ;"6, eg]h:tf c¿ n'ufkmf6f / dgk/]sf] h'Qf
lslglbPsf]df v'a /dfP“sf lyP /] s0f{ zfSo .
:jf:gL;“u} l;g]df x]g{ klxNo} dfOt k7fP/ s[i0fn] ;'eb|f eufPem} eufP/
hfg'kg]{ lbg s0f{ o'jf x'“bfsf] ;fdflhs :yfy{ xf] . s0f{n] Tof] pd]/sf] ljjfx aGwgnfO{
…d'6'leqsf] :j]tkqÚ ePsf] pkdf lb“b} …To;df st{Jo / lhDd]jf/Lsf] 6“frf nufPsf]
lyof]Ú eg]sf 5g\ . æljZjf;sf] hns'08 To;df hlt;'s} t/Ëx¿ cfP–uP klg
tfnsf] ulx/fO{ / lsgf/f ;w} h:tfsf t:t} /x] . dgsf] tfndf pn]{sf tL 5fnx¿
9'Ëf ºof“s]/ p7]sf xf]Ogg\Æ eGg] k|lt1f ub}{ s0f{n] lhGbuLdf clnn];Dd wg ºof“s]/
dgsf] tfndf s[lqd 5fnx¿ slxNo} gNofPsf] ;fj{hlgs u/]sf 5g\ . >LdtL
;fg'5f]/L la/fdL x'g'eGbf klxnf] cg'R5]bdf s0f{ zfSo ;“fRr} kLª h:tf] ePsf] k|;Ë
pNn]v u/]klg s0f{n] …eGg vf]hsf] s] xf]Ú :ki6 5}g . ox“flg/ of pgn] ;“frf] s'/f
eGg rfx]sf 5}gg\ of s]xL s'/f n'sfP/ /fv]h:tf] nfU5 . ox“f s0f{n] >LdtLk|lt
cfkm"nfO{ ;dk{0f g} u/]sf] b]lvG5 . of] bDkltdf 7"nf] k}/f] cfof], ck|Toflzt / x7ft\ .
;f¥x}} efj's If0f 5 of] . r'/f]6sf] To:tf] nt TofUg' s0f{sf] afgL x]bf{ kTofpg uf¥xf]
lyof] . t/ u/]/} b]vfP . cfdf eg]sf] cflv/ cfdf g} xf] . cfdfsf] sfvdf cfºgf]
6fpsf] /fv]/ j]bgf ;xg g;sL afns e}+m Sj“f Sj“f /f]Psf] 36gf j0f{gn] hf] s;}nfO{
klg uxel/ cf“;' agfp“5 . Tof] j]bgfaf/] n]Vg} g;lsg] l:ylt 5 ox“flg/ .
g]kfndf SofG;/ r]tgfaf/] ;“FRr} x\jfQ} o;/L a9\of] h:fn] PSsf;L :j¿k g}
lnof] . c¿, t c¿ h]n / vf]/af6 klg aGbL / s}bLn] ;d]t uR5]cg';f/ ;xof]u
u/]sf clåtLo 36gf k':tsd} 5g\ . s0f{ eG5g\– …cy{ ;+sng ;[hgzLn snf xf] .Ú
s0f{df cK7]/f] kbf{ cfkm"nfO{ k|s[ltdf ;dk{0f ug{ ;Sg] Ifdtf / snf /x]5 . 3fGb|'s
s0f{sf] pmhf{ eg]{ :6]zg /x]5 . …Ps k};fn] SofG;/ c:ktfnÚ s0f{nfO{ 3fGb|'sn] lbPsf]
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pkxf/ xf] . of] kfjg sd{df s0f{sL u'¿cfdf x'g\ nuftf/ r'/f]6 vfO/xg] Pp6L 3“f;]
dlxnf . To;dfly lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnfn] k|wfgdGqL ePsf a]nf …Ps lvnL r'/f]6df
Ps k};f SofG;/ s/Ú sf] s0f{sf] k|:tfj sfof{Gjog u/fO{ lbP/ Pp6f …cToGt
;/fxgLo sfdÚ u/]sf] eGg} k5{ .
…Ps lvnL r'/f]6 Ps k};f SofG;/ s/Ú sf] s0f{sf] k|:tfj k|wfgdGqL
lul/hfk|;fbn] uDeL/tf;fy ;'g]kl5 æ7Ls 5 zfSohL, n tkfO{ hfgf];\ tkfO{sf]
sfd x'G5Æ eGg] arg lbPsf / ah]6df pQm s'/f k/]kl5 / ;+;baf6 kfl/t ePkl5
s0f{sf] 5ftL gfª\n]f hq} eof] xf]nf . ;d:of, r'gf}tL / ljsf;nfO{ lqsf]0fLo km]gf]d]gf
/ cGof]Gofl>t eGg] s0f{ zfSosf] h'wf¿ k|j[lQ / l;“uf}/L v]Ng] /x/n] pgsf] JolQmTj
gyfSg] / gefUg] ¿kdf :yflkt ePsf] 5 . leIf' cd[tfgGbsf] lgwgdf ef]h et]/sf
lglDt rGbf glbP/ a¿ …cd[tf~hnL j[QlrqÚ agfpg nufP/ s0f{n] ;“fRr} go“f sfd
u/]sf x}gg\ / < cd[tfgGb ækL8fnfO{ c“f;'n] kvfNg' x'“b}g, tfut eP xfdLn] cfkm\gf]
kL8fnfO{ dgleq kfNg'k5{ / of] kL8fnfO{ dl§t]n h:t} HjngzLn kbfy{ agfP/ Hof]lt
afNg] k|of; ug'{k5{Æ eGg] 1fgj4{s s'/f ug'{ x'GYof] egL s0f{ zfSon] cfkm\gL
>LdtLsf] b'Mvb lgwgsf a]nf 3/d} cfP/ ;DemfPsf] s'/f k':tsd} 5 . …cd[tf~hnLÚ
leIf'sf] s'/fn] :j¿k lnPsf]dfq xf] h:tf] nfU5 dnfO{ .
cfk\mg} dfdfsf] 5f]/f] SofG;/} ge} lgdf]lgof x'“bf SofG;/sf] pkrf/ u/fPsf] /
s0f{n] 8fS6/ hrfp“bf ;2] ePsf] sf7df8f}+sf] 36gfn] ox“fsf] :jf:Yo r]tgfsf] cj:yf
bzf{pg] k|;Ë klg 5 o;df . cfºg} 5f]/f 5f]/Lsf s/n] ;'zLnf;“u j}jflxs ;DaGw
u“f;L pgsf] Gofgf] c“ufnf]df a“flwPkl5 s0f{sf] lhGbuLdf km]l/ u'nfkmLkg r9]sf] xf]
eGg] s'/f klg kfOG5 o;df . s0f{ zfSo ;“fRr} cb[Zo t/ cfTdaf]w eg] x'g] cfgGbsf]
cg'ej ug{, /; r':g / :jfblng ;fx|} l;kfn' 5g\ . s0f{nfO{ k|s[ltsf j/bfgdf dg
gkg]{ s] xf]nf / < ox“f Pp6f k|;Ë hf]8'“ . gu/sf]6sf Pshgf j[4 uf]7fnf
gu/sf]6;Dd wfO{ ;"of]{bosf] klxnf] em'Nsf], lr;f lxd>[ª\vnf, afbn, tf/f /
k"0f{rGb|sf] /;:jfbg ug]{x¿k|lt l6Kk0fL ub}{ eGg] uy]{ /] æoL s] x]g{ cfPsf ox“f;Dd <
s] b]V5g\ oxf“af6 < s] lng cfPsf < / s] n}hfnfg\ < ætLg} s'/f x]g{ k/af6 cfPsf
eg] x]/]sf] x]¥o} 5g\, ckf/ cfgGb n'6]sf] n'6\o} 5g\ . k]6 cfwfdfq el/Psf, cw{gUg
gu/sf]6sf j[4 uf]7fnfnfO{ Tox“f s]xL 5}g, hf8f] 5, ef]s 5, z"Go 5, t/ k/k/af6
cfPsf c3fPsfx¿nfO{ eg] cGoq gkfOg] ;a}yf]s 5 gu/sf]6df . …Psyl/ dfG5]
g]kfn vQd 5 eGb} lx“8\5g\ lsgls To;f] eGg]x¿ g]kfnafx]s cGoq x]b}{gg\ . ;+;f/sf
cGo s}of}+ b]zsf] t'ngfdf g]kfn vQd 5}g . lzIffsf] lglDtsf] ;Dk"0f{ ef/ g]kfnnfO{
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;f]r
af]sfP/ ;]jf ug{ c¿ d'n'sdf k7fpg] / hfg]x¿sf] b[li6sf]0f xf] Tof] . g]kfnsf]
vr{df of]Uotf a6'Ng], ;]jf eg] ;DkGg d'n'ssf] ug]{ Û nj:t/f]kgsf] s] pkrf/ 5 / <
c¿ d'n'sdf ;fdfGo dflg; eP/ hLjgofkg ug{ ;fdfGo g} xf]nf . t/ cfk\mgf] cnu
kl/ro /fVg] txdf pSn]kl5sf] hLjg k4lt slt hl6n x'G5 tL b]zdf † k'g/fjnf]sg
ug'{ /fd|f] xf]nfÚ eGg] ;Dos\ ;Nnfx 5 s0f{hLsf] To:tfnfO{ .
ljb]zdf a:g] g]kfnLx¿sf] ox“f ePsf] Pp6f ;Dd]ngdf pgLx¿sf s'/}dfq

7"nf b]lvP sfd eg] v}+ < g]kfn lrGg cGt x]g'{k5{ . ;fnLx¿sf cufl8 OHht
hf]ufpg} d'lZsn eof] /] cd]l/sfsf] Go"h;L{df s0f{nfO{ . ef/tsf] agf/;, ;+o'Qm /fHo
cd]l/sfsf] Go"of]s{ 6fOD; :Sjfo/, Go"of]s{sf] ;j j], Go"h;L{, O6fnLsf /f]d / ldnfg,
n08gsf] Po/kf]6{df klg . o:tf a'“bf pNn]v u/]sf 5g\ s0f{n] .
sltko d'n'sdf ga'lemsg} r'Djs nufpg ;Sg] j:t', k|s[lt / ;f}Gbo{sf

vfgL 5g\ ta g snf / ;+uLt ef] . s0f{ h:tf] snfkf/vL n¶Lg' c:jfefljs sx“f ef]
/ Û dn]lzofsf] k]gfª ;d'b|sf] lsgf/fdf Pp6L a|flhlnog s]6Lsf] hLjGt j0f{g 5 .
t/ Toltn] Tox“fsf] 36gfsf] wLt db}{g . cufl8sf s'/f l5rn]/ eGg s0f{n] c;lhnf]
dfg] h:tf] nfU5 . s0f{ zfSosf] JolQmTjnfO{ o:tf s'/f l5gfn]/ gug'{ plrt x'“b}g
eG7fG5' . ci6«[]lnofsf] SjLG;Nof08 /fHosf] s]G;sf] u|]6 j]l/o/l/kmsf] zAblrq,
tfhd]lgof / xjfOsf cfsif{s 6fk'x¿, Ol:sof]g s]s / cfOl/; skmL, hfkfgsf]
lggfldof lk|km]Sr/sf] wgf9\o ls;fg lsof];L xf]l;8f] h:fn] cfkm\gf] 5f]/fsf] gfd g}
s0f{ xf]l;8f] /fv]sf], /d0fLo k|fs[lts hns'08 of Aofs jf6/, sf7}sf7sf] 3/sf]
s0f{sf] aofg k9\bf c3fO“b} c3fO“b}g . ci6«]lnofs} lSjG;Nof08 /fHosf] g';fx]8 eGg]
Tof] ;g;fOg sf]i6sf] sf]nf]08«f eGg] 7fp“df hxf“ aN5L yflk/x]sf, 6xlnO/x]sf
dfG5]x¿ c¿;Fu af}Ng} ¿rfpFb}gg\ . lsgls pgLx¿ k|s[lt;Fu /dfO/x]sfx¿ x'G5g\,
d:t eO/x]sf x'G5g\ /] s0f{sf] cg'ejdf . lsnf]sf lsnf] /ftf] pl;g]sf 7"nf] sf]nf]08«f
k|fpg d]rdf a;]/ 6f6{/ ;;df rf]k]/ vf“b} …x06/EofnLÚ lr;f] ;]tf] jfOg af]6naf6}
lkpg] nf]enfUbf] k|:t'lt klg lanIf0f} 5 . o:tf k|s[ltsf j/bfgsf k[i7e"ld dxfslj
nIdLk|;fb b]jsf]6fn] kfPsf] eP pGfsf s[lt cem s:tf ljlzi7 / pTs[i6 x'Gy] xf]nfg\
h:tf] nfUof] . /skm]n/ kmfp08];gn] ;~rfng u/]sf] O6fnLsf] anflhof]sf] af}l4s
l/6«L6 ;]06/df ;f“em Pslqt af}l4s JolQmTjx¿;“u s'/fsfgL ubf{ …d"v{ klg a'l4dfg
x'G5 h:tf] b]lvG5Ú eGg] s0f{sf] d"Nof+sg pQd nfUof] . cf6{ Uofn/L x]g]{ ;f]v,
hd{gsf] Do'lgv l:yt k]gfsf]y]s cf6{ Uofn/L, & ;o k\mofÍ gub ePsf] a]jfl/;] k;{
e]l6Psf] s'/fdf 5\ofË} jf:tljstf /fVg' ;fx; g} xf] eGg] nfU5 . cfhsf] s0f{sf nflu
291
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t Tof] k|;Ë ;'xfp“b}g lg Û To;}n] xf]nf kZrfQfk u/]sf] . …dfwj/fh zdf{Ú
dgldn]sf] ;fyLsf] b[i6fGt xf] eg] xf]6]n 8]nf cGgk"0f{df ;g\ !(^% df e]l6PsL
sfd's, ;f}Gbo{sL k|tLs 36gf xNof08sL PGuf k]8/zg;“u kf]k]gx]u]gdf @) jif{ kl5
e]6]sf] s'/fsf] /f]rs klg cgf}7f] nfU5 .
…;d:of sf]6\ofpg ;a}nfO{ ;lhnf] lsgls o:fsf nflu a'l4 g} rflx“b}gÚ eGg]
b[li6 ePsf s0f{n] l;h{gfTds pkrf/sf] ljsNksf] ¿kdf …g]kfn e|d0f jif{sf]Ú;f]r
NofPsf x'g\ . …sfd gug]{sf] cfnf]rgf x'“b}g a¿ sfd klg ug]{ cfnf]rgf klg v]Kg]
dfgl;stf 5 s0f{dfÚ of] k':ts k9\bf yfxf kfOG5 . cfkm" gjwgf9\on] h:tf] wgsf]
cZnLn k|bz{g gug]{ eGg] s0f{ …g]kfn e|d0f jif{n] g]kfnsf] ;“F:s[lts k'gM:yfkgf;d]t
u¥of]Ú eGg]df k|;Gg 5g\ . pgsf] csf]{ of]hgf …;fxl;s v]ns"b ko{6g jif{Ú n] :j¿k
g} lng kfPg a¿ …uGtJo g]kfn jif{dfÚ ablnof] . ;fxl;s v]ns"b ko{6g jif{sf
lglDt cbDo ;fx;s} h¿/L x'GYof], Tof] ePg . cGttM s0f{sf] ko{6g / v]ns"bnfO{
uf“:g] :yfoL ;f]r lyof] …;fxl;s ko{6g jif{sf]Ú .
lbdfu Pp6f d]lzg h:t} xf] jf Pp6f Ogf/ h:tf] klg xf] . Ogf/sf] kfgL
lgsflnPg eg] k|b"lift x'G5, ;'S5 klg . d]lzgdf lvof nfU5 eGg] dfGotf ePsf s0f{
lbgsf] !* 306f sfd ug{ / kl;gfn] leqLn'uf lgy'|Ss gleh];Dd sfd ug]{ cfb]z
lb“b} 5f]/fx¿nfO{ ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg cfkm}+ ug'{ eG5g\ .
a"9fgLns07sf] kfs{ len]h l/;f]6{sf] jftfj/0fnfO{ k|s[ltn] …8f]ldg]6Ú u/]sf]

x'g'k5{ egL jftfj/0fd}qL xf]6]nsf] kl/sNkgf ug]{ s0f{sf] ;kgfn] Tox“f :j¿k lnPsf]
5 . g]kfn klxn] ko{6sx¿sf] ;fO8 6«Lk x'GYof] eg] clxn] d]g 6«Lk ePsf] bfjL 5
pgsf] . s0f{ zfSo ;kgf b]Vg, ;kgf x]g{ / ;kgf k9\g ;S5g\ t/ kv{g eg] g;Sg]
u'0f jf a}u'g eg] 5 pgdf . pgnfO{ dg k/]sf] dfG5]sf] tf/Lkm ug{ slQ s~h':ofO{
ub}{gg\ eGg] pbfx/0f d]o/ s]za :yflkt 5g\ . ætkfO{+sf] ;Demgfdf ca of] xft d
tLgl5g;Dd w'GgÆ eg]/ a]glh/ e'§f]nfO{ n7\7 kf/]sf] dfld{s 7§f o;df 5 s0f{sf] .
s¿0faf6 ;'¿ ePsf] gfd s0f{df km]l/of], hGd /fdgjdLsf] lbg xf] pgsf] . kl/lrt
Pshgf ;fyLn] eGy]/] …s[i0ffi6dLdf hlGdg'kg]{ of] dfG5] sx“faf6 /fdgjdLsf] lbgdf
hlGdP5 .Ú s0f{ k|z+;f / tf/Lkm ug{ k/]kl5 x\jfQ} b"w pDn]em}+ u/L hDd} pDng] u5{g\
pkdf lbg'kbf{ kqsf/} s[i0ffsf] / d]/} klg lbP x'G5 . …pgLk|ltsf] d]/f] eljioaf0fL
ldNof] /]Ú egL bË ePsf] kfp“5' d .
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;f]r
kl5Nnf] k':tfsf] :jefj / k|j[lQsf] ljZn]if0f lgs} pRrtxsf] 5 / …cfkm\gf]
d]xgt / sd{n] efUosf] wf/nfO{ lgoGq0f ug{ vf]Hg] s0f{ lzIff–bLIffsf] ;'TnLnfO{ afnL
g} /xg'kg]{Ú eGg] l;4fGtsf c'gofoL 5g\ eg] …cg'ej v]/ kmfNg' x'“b}gÚ eGg] ;Gb]z
lbG5g . of] ;Gb]z j:t'tM b]zelQmsf] pbfx/0f eGg dg nfU5 dnfO{ . s0f{ zfSodf
dgk¥of] eg] c¿af6 l;Sg] Pp6f csf]{ /fd|f] u'0f 5 . o;f] x]bf{ pgdf of] u'0f x'g'
cgf}7f] nfU5 . of] lstfjdf …ljt/s 86 sdÚ jf6 clek|]l/t eO{ lgj[Q k|s[ltljb\,
r/fljb\, jg:kltljb\, k'tnLljb\x¿nfO{ Jofj;flos cj;/sf lglDt …g]kfn g]r/ 86
sdÚ sf] :yfkgf / ;~rfng u/]sf] 36gf :ki6 pNn]v 5 . pgsf] of] /rgf k9]kl5
ko{6gzf:qsf] h/fb]lv 6'Kkf];Dd ;Dk"0f{ a]nLla:tf/ 5fKg ;Sg] j}lzi7\o s0f{df e]l6G5
/ s0f{nfO{ ko{6g zf:qsf kl08t eGgx'G5 .
ljZj ko{6g pBd ;w}+ rf/j6f c+u|]hLsf] 'S' ;g\, :of08, ;L / ;]S; -;"o{,
afn'jf, ;d'b| / of}g_ df c8]sf] 5 . t;y{ …sGe]G;gnÚ ko{6gdf g]kfn h:tf] u/La
d'n's tLa| k|lt:k4f{df ca l6Sg ;Qm}g eGg] lgisif{df k'Ug] s0f{ zfSosf] o:fsf]
ljsNkdf …casf a9L dfG5]x¿ s[lqd ko{6gdf eGbf klg k|fs[lts ko{6gdf cfslif{t
ePsf] 7DofO{ 5 .Ú o:sf lglDt …g]kfnsf] ahf/ w]/} 7"nf] 5Ú eGb} …o:tf] d'n's cGt
sx“f kfpg' <Ú eGg] k|Zg /fV5g\ pgL . xf]t lg g]kfn …yf]/}df w]/} kfOg], ;fgf]df 7"nf]
kfOg]Ú b]z xf] eG5g\ / cgluGtL k|fs[lts ;Dkbf / ljljwtf k|:t't u5{g\ . o:fsf]
tfTko{ …yf]/} e"–efu t/ w]/} ;Dkbf xf]Ú g]kfnsf] ljz]iftf .
s0f{n] Pp6f rfvnfUbf] 36gf o;df ;dfj]z u/]/ …cGt pkb]z lbg]dfq
xf]Og cfkm}+ sx“f klg bafj lbgÚ k|s[lt ;+/If0fsf ufGwL ;'Gb/nfn ax'u'0ff;“u …xfdL
xfd|f] ;/sf/nfO{ hËn s6fg gug{ bafj lbG5f}+ tkfOn] cfkm\gf] ;/sf/nfO{ g]kfnaf6
j}w / rf]/Laf6 klg sf7 glsGg bafj lbg ;Sg'x'G5 < eGg] ;fx;sf ;fy xflb{s
cfu|x u/]sf] s'/f /f]rs kf/fdf o;df /fv]sf 5g\ . u}+8f, af3, 3l8ofn uf]xL cfkm"n]
x]g{ kfP klg ltJatL lnª\S;, gofg, Sofg hftsf uwf, ltJjtL xl/0f x]g{ gkfp“bf
cfkm\gf] efUonfO{ bf]if lbg] s0f{ zfSo …hLjzf:qL 8f= s/0f zfxn] pkNnf] d':tfªsf]
bfdf]b/ s'08sf] kl/;/df tL / P06]nk k|f0fL b]v] /]Ú eg]sf] ;'Gbf s0f{ zfSon] b]Vg
gkfP klg s/0f zfxn] b]v]sf]df k|;Ggtf JoQm u5{g\ .
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k|fs[lts ko{6gsf ckf/ cj;/x¿ xfd|f /}yfg] (Endemic) ko{6gdf pknAw

ePsf] 5 . o:tf]df Ps}kN6 x\jf/x\jftL{ ko{6s cfp“b}gg\, /}yfg] ko{6g …df; 6'l/hdÚ
xf]Og . o;df ;f}lvg / s'g} ljifoj:t'pk/ cToGt rfv /fVg] wgf9\o / hf]l;nf
ko{6sdfq cfp“5g\ eGg] lgisif{df k'Ug] s0f{ zfSo jf:tjdf …qmfOl;; 6'l/hdÚ df
;+Vofsf] tfTko{ /x“b}g eGb} e"t x]g]{ / eL/d}/Lsf] dx sf8\g] h:tf cb\e't b[Zo x]g{ w]/}
cfp“5g\ eG5g\ . Pp6} l6«kdf t]O;b]lv tL; hftsf nflnu'/“f;, #*) eGbf a9L
hftsf r/f, w]/}yl/ ;'gufef, ;+;f/s} #^ k|ltzt klkh k"mnx¿ x]/]/ cfNxflbt x'g
kfOG5 g]kfndf . sfnLu08sLsf zfnLu|fdsf] cWoog u/fpg ;lsG5 eg]
sfnLu08sL gbL lsgf/sf] jfl/kfl/ kfOg] cb\e't t/ km/s h}ljs ljljwtfsf] ;'Id
cWoog t cem ug{ a“fsL g} 5 eG5g\ s0f{ . ;Ld;f/sf dgdf]xs ljljw b[Zo / eL/
df}/Lsf] dx sf8]sf] /f]df~rs b[Zo a|Dxf08df cGoq sx“f x]g{ kfOG5 eGg] k|Zg u5{g\
s0f{ zfSo .
cd]l/sfdf r/f cg'/fuL df]6fx¿sf] …k\mof6 j8{/Ú gfdsf] ;+:yf g} 5 . k};f

k|z:t 5, df]6fP/ hËnleq lx“8\g} g;Sg] df]6f wgf9\ox¿sf] …r/f x]g]{ ;f]v k"/f ug{Ú
sqf] cj;/ 5 ox“f < eGg] s0f{ zfSo …k|s[lt–kof{j/0fdfÚ cfwfl/t o:tf] /}yfg] ko{6g
cjZo g} dx“uf] x'G5 t/ o:tfdf ;xefuL x'g] ko{6s kfOG5g\ h:fn] k|s[ltljb\x¿nfO{
kfN5 . o;sf] ;Defjgf g]kfndf cgGt 5 eGg]df ljZj:t 5g\ .
…sfd u/ kmnsf] cfzf gu/Ú sf] l;4fGt cfhsf] dfG5]sf nflu slt ;Dej
xf]nf < egL s0f{ zfSo k|Zg u5{g\ . cfk"mn] u/]sf sfd pNn]v ubf{ gkTofpnfg\,
km6fxf eGnfg\, Wjf“; lbg] dfG5] klg eGnfg\ eGg] cfz+sf ug]{ s0f{ …c¿n] s] eGnfÚ
egL cfkm"n] u/]sf vf; vf; sfd pNn]v gug'{ klg Oltxf;sf] g} lgd{d xTof ug'{
xf]Og / < egL k|Zg u5{g\ / eG5g\ …zAba|xdÚ h:tf] …sd{a|DxÚ klg zfZjt\ ;To g}
xf]Og / <
cfk\mg} af/]df k|;Ë sf]6\ofpb} ;fgf] c“fvf, 7"nf cf]7, eLp“6] d'v, u'06]–u'06],
k'8\s–] k8\s] zf/Ll/s kl/rosf n3'tfefifu|:t s0f{ zfSo ci6«]lnof k9\g uPkl5 Pp6L
v'a} /fd|L cGt/Ë ;fyL Dofsf]/L xfp;sf] xf]:6]nsL …Dofs'/L SjLgÚ n] cfkm\gf]
cfTdljZjf; hufPsf]df pgLk|lt s[t1 5g\ . cfkm\gf] af}l4s ;f“3'/f]kgaf6 km/flsnf]
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kfg]{ csL{ Pp6L dlxnfk|lt klg s0f{ s[ts[To 5g\ . pgn] ;flxTo ljwfdf kL=Pr=8L
ubf{ cfkm"n] lbPsf ;'emfjsf] k|;Ën] cfkm\gf] cfTdljZjf; bl/nf] ePsf] pgnfO{
ljZjf; ePsf] /] . s0f{sf cg';f/ …cfk"m pk/ g} e/f];f / ljZjf; ge} s:n] s] ug{
;S5 / <Ú
Pp6f ;kmn pBdL aGg s] s:tf lgod kfngf ug'{knf{ eGg] jfl0fHo
Joj:yfkgsL :gfts txsL Pp6L 5fqfsf k|Zgaf6 s0f{ zfSon] …cfk"mn] sfd ug{ /
u/fpg hfGg'kg]{ 7x/ u/]sf 5g\Ú eg] ;kmn pBdL of ;Gtf]ifL pBdL aGg s] s]
x'g'k5{ egL Pp6f dgf]ut lx;fasf] kmd"{nf k|ltztdf a“f8]/ ;df ;dj]t u/fPsf 5g\
. dnfO{ nfU5 o; kmd"{nfsf] j}1flgs / dgf]j}1flgs ljj]rgf cfjZos 5 . lhGbuLdf
slxNo} klg gn8\g' 7"nf] s'/f xf]Og t/ n8]/ p7\g' 7"nf] s'/f xf]Æ eGg] lrlgo“f
bfz{lgs sGk\mo"l;o;sf] egfO{ p4/0f u/]/ s0f{n] sfd ug]{af6} e"n–uNtL x'G5 eGb}
…lhTg]n] slxNo} 5f]8\b}g, 5f]8\g]n] slxNo} lhTb}gÚ eGg] egfOsf] ;dy{g u/]sf 5g\ .
s0f{sf] Pp6f ;"q 5, …cfkm"n] ;DxfNg g;Sg] sfddf slxNo} xft gxfNg] .Ú
hl6n cy{Joj:yfkgsf s'/f cfkm\gf] lbdfudf g3':g] cfTdfnf]rgf ub}{ k};f ePsf
a]nfdfq pBf]u Jofkf/ ug]{ s'/f s0f{n] o;df pNn]v u/]sf 5g\ h;n] ubf{ pgn]
cg]sf}+ tgfjaf6 pGd'lQm kfPsf 5g\ .
…lhGbuL u'nfasf] /x/ nfUbf] km"ndfq xf]Og, k"mn;“u} x'g] s“f8f klg xf]Ú eGg]
s6';To a'em]sf s0f{ zfSo lhGbuLsf] d"n nIo ljsf; / ;DkGgtfdfq xf]Og dfgl;s
;'v klg xf] eGg] dfG5g\ . pgsf] …b'Mvdf ;'v vf]Hg] / r'gf}tLaf6 k|ult ug]{Ú OR5f /
nIo ePsf] x'“bf s'g} ;dodf b'Mv ef]Ubfef]Ub} clxn] cfkm\g} vfn] ;'vdo hLjgofkg
ul//x]sf] s'/f pNn]v 5 o;df . o; lstfjsf] uf“7L s'/f o;sf] kl5Nnf] / c7f/f}+
kl/R5]bdf c6fpg vf]lhPsf] 5 / pgsf] hLjg—bz{g 5 o;df . of] s[lt nueu
tof/ e};Sg nfu]sf] a]nf s0f{ zfSosf] cs:dft\ 9f8 b'V5 / lgs} lj/fdL k5{g\ .
g]kfnd} pkrf/ yfN5g\, x'g;Dd u5{g\ oxL“ . t/ /f]u lgdg gx'“bf / SofG;/;Ddsf]
z+sf x'b“ f a}+ss k'u]sf], la/fdL kbf{ g8/fP klg stf–stf lge{o eg] x'g g;s]sf]
oyfy{ a8f] snfk"0f{ kf/fdf pNn]v 5 . Tox“fsf] Pp6f c:ktfn k'Ubf …xf]6]n lsg <
c:ktfn hfg nfu]sf]Ú eGg] lh1f;fdf 8«fOe/n] …of] c:ktfn} xf] xf]6]n xf]OgÚ eg]sf]
s'/f cgf}7f] kf/fsf] nfU5 . s:tf] xlu < c:ktfn klg xf]6]n h:tf] † hLjgdf u/]sf
sfdaf6 r/d ;Gt'i6 / go“f ;kgf a“FsL g/x]sf], t;y{ cfk"m t'of{j:yfdf k'u]sf]
cfTdfg'e"lt ug{ ;s]sf]n] …d[To' :jfefljs xf]Ú eGg] 6'¨f]df k'u]sf] :jLsf5{g\ s0f{ . …afa'
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la/fdL, 5f]/f ;2]Ú oL b'O{ k|f0fLn] Pp6fn] csf]{sf] dg /fVg, v'zL /fVg ul/Psf k|of;
la:doaf]ws z}nLdf pNn]v 5 o;df . cflv/df olb xf8df …SofG;/} ePsf] /x]5 eg]
klgÚ sf7df8f}+ uP/ 6ld{gn SofG;/ la/fdLx¿sf] ;d"x agfpg], To;dfk{mt cfk\mg}
vfnsf ;fdflhs sfd ug]{ c7f]6 d[To' dflysf] ljhosf] cj:yf xf] eGg] nfU5
dnfO{ . o;df oL s'/f pNn]v ub}{ s0f{ zfSon] o;}df sflGtk'/df k"/f Ps k]hsf]
lj1fkg lbg …cfk\mg} dgsf] ;]tf] sfutdfÚ Pp6f d;f}bf sf]/]sf] x[bo:kzL{ s'/f n]v]sf
5g\ . To;sf] d;f}bf ;d]t 5 o;df . …o;f] ubf{Ú pgL eG5g\ …ef]ln s] xf]nf eGg] 8/
ufoa eof] .Ú ef]lnkN6 laxfg} 8fS6/sx“f h“fbf d]/f] …af]g :Soflgª laNs'n 7Ls /x]5Ú
eGg] ;'Gbf v'zLsf] nx/ x7ft\ 5rNs]sf] s'/f ox“f pNn]v 5 . !( jif{dfq pd]/ km/s
ePsf s0f{ / pgsf h]7f 5f]/f ;'gLn of] l/kf]6{ ;'g]kl5 ckf/ xif{n] ljef]/ eO{ cËfnf]
df/]/ aflx/ lg:s]sf] efj's If0fsf] s'/f 5 oxf“ .
ha af]g :Soflgªdf s]xL g/fd|f] e]§fOPg ta s0f{sf] cfkm\gf] ;f]r /

sfo{qmdsf] Ph]08f g} kl/jt{g x'g yfn]5 . x'g t k|f]:6]6sf] afof]K;L ug{eg] a“fsL g}
lyof] t}klg s]xL e}xfn] klg cf7 bz jif{ 8/ dfGg gkg]{ x'“bf ca s0f{ zfSo bzjif]{
of]hgf agfpg tNnLg eP5g\ . of] k|f]:6]6 afof]K;Lsf] rSs/df Ps ;ftf kv{g kbf{
cfkm\gf] ;DklQk|lt nf]e / t[i0ff Go"g x'g yfn]5 / pgn] ;Dk"0f{ ;DklQ 5f]8\g ;Sg]
v'aL sdfP5g\ l;4fGtdf . jf:tjdf ;'vL hLjgsf] of] cr's ;"q g} xf]Og / < sfG5L
5f]/LnfO{ x'sf{pg Eofpg] ePkl5 s0f{ eG5g\ …d[To' zAb;“u 8/ nfu]g .Ú cfk\mgL
cfdfsf] d[To'af/]sf] wf/0ff …dg'{ eg]sf] hLpsf] n'uf km]/] h:t} xf], csf]{ hLpdf u}xfN5'
lgÚ eGg] ;Dem]5g\ . …csf]{ hGddf ljZjf; ug]{x¿sf nflu d[To' slt ;/n ÛÚ eG5g\
s0f{ . pgL km]l/ eG5g\ …/ d/]kl5 ;a} z"Go eGg]x?sf nflu /x]5 d[To'af/] 8/ .Ú
afof]K;L ug]{ lbg cfOk'u]5 . t/ cfkm\gf] dgdf s'g} 8/ / qf; lyPg eG5g\ pgL .
a¿ Tox“fsf] cf]=6L=sf] cj:yf x]bf{ pgnfO{ nfu]5 …g]kfndf o:t} cf]6L agfpg ;s] <Ú
cflv/ s0f{ zfSo g xf] †
…/ftL lrGtfn] lgb|f cfp“b}g lsÚ egL 8fS6/n] lgGb|fsf] cf]vtL lbg vf]h]sf
/x]5g\ . t/ s0f{ olt anjfg\ e};s]5g\ To;a]nf cf}iflw gvfOsg g} /fd|/L lgbfP5g\ .
…SofG;/ /x]5 eg] s] ug]{, /x]g5 eg] s] ug]{ <Ú egL ;Lldt cfo' / eljiosf cfwf/df
efjL Ph]08f agfP5g\ . ;sf/fTds b[li6n] To:tf] ;f]Rbf /dfOnf] eP5 pgnfO{ .
…jf:tljstfsf] ;fdgf ug{ tof/ x'“bf s'g}klg 36gf 7"nf] nfUbf] /x]g5Ú eGg] s0f{
zfSoaf6 l;ls“bf] /x]5 . of] k':tssf] cf}lrTo klg o;}df xf]nf .
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s0f{sf] k|f]:6]6 afof]K;L l/kf]6{df SofG;/ b]lvPg5, clg ;a} v'zL s0f{,
s0f{sf 5f]/fdfq xf] / :jo+ 8fS6/ ;d]t Û Psflaxfg} . 8fS6/ / la/fdL aLrsf]
efjgfTds ;DaGwsf] s0f{sf] j0f{g lanIf0f 5 hf] cIf/df ptfg{ ;Dej 5}g . o;sf
lglDt lstfj} k9\g' k5{ ta g 8fS6/, 8fS6/ x'G5 . gq t xTof/f e}xfNYof]] lg Û
xiff{lt/]ssf] cj0f{gLo Tof] jftfj/0f aLrsf] v'zL 5f]/f ;'gLnsf c“fvfaf6 cs:dft
To;a]nf v;]sf df]6f / afSnf tftf b'O{ yf]kf cfF;'leqsf] :g]x / ;Gtf]if efjflt/]s
txsf 5g\ c¿ eGg ;ls“b}g .
k|:t't lstfkdf cGTosf b'O{ kftfdf jl0f{t c:ktfnsf] sf]7f, em\ofn,

j/k/sf uugr'DaL ejg, gLnf–sfnf–;]tf P]gdf k/]sf gj;"o{sf] ls/0fsf
k|ltljDax¿df s0f{n] Tof] lbgsf] k|eftLdf cGtx[{bonfO{ cfNxflbt kfg]{ s] s] sdgLo
56f / /]vf b]v] / df]lxt eP–h:nfO{ pgn] …lbJobz{gÚ sf] ;+1f lbPsf 5g\– To;sf]
;dLIff daf6 ;Dej 5}g . ef]lnkN6 Tof] b[Zo gbf]xf]l/g' g} cl3Nnf] lbgsf] b[Zo
…lbJobz{gÚ x'g uPsf] xf] h:tf] nfU5 . cGoyf b}lgs / nf}lss bz{g x'GYof] . o:tf]
ck"j{, csNkgLo, cnf}lss / lanIf0f ;“lu|nf n]v]/, eg]/ xf]Og cg'ej ubf{dfq
/;:jfbg x'G5, hf] s0f{ zfSon] u/] .
s0f{k|lt d]/f] v'Nb'nL Pp6f s'/fdf cem} a“fsL g} 5 …olb s0f{n] km/]i6«L -
k|s[lt_ gk9]sf eP pgL s] x'Gy] xf]nfg\ .Ú olQ xf] .
k':ts k9\
k9bf
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k|f= 8f= /d]zsfGt clwsf/L, 8Lg, lrlsT;f zf:q cWoog ;+:yfg,
dxf/fhu+h -@)^!.)
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tkfO{sf] lstfa ;f]r k9\g] df}sf kfP“ . o:tf] OdfGbf/ / ;f]em} x[boaf6
n]lvPsf] o; s[ltsf nflu d tkfO{nfO awfO{ lbg rfxG5' . of] k':ts n]Vg tkfO{nfO{
h] h:tf sf/0fx?n] k]|l/t u/], tL ;a} ;fGble{s 5g\ . dnfO{ of] k':tsn] kf/]sf] k+|efj
/ cg'ej af/] klg d s]xL pNn]v ug{ rfxG5' M
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of] k':ts k9\bf tkfO{;“u s'/f u/] h:t} nfU5 . tkfO{n] cfkm'n] s'/fsfgL ug{]
z}nLdfg} n]v]/ of] k':ts k9\g ;fx|} ;lhnf] kf/L lbg' ePsf] 5 . of] k':tssf]
;kmntfsf k5f8L tkfO{sf] of] z}nLsf] 7"nf] of]ubfg eP h:tf] dnfO{ nfU5 . tkfO{sf
cg'e'ltx? / tLaf6 p7]sf efjgfx? tkfO{sf lgtfGTf JolQmut wf/0ff dfGg ;lsG5
t/ klg tkfO{sf w]/} h;f] cg'e'ltx? dnfO{ cfºg} h:tf] nfUf] .
o; lstfadf pNNf]v ul/Psf] w]/} 36gfx?n] d]/f] dg 5f]Psf 5g\ . tL dWo]

klg dnfO{ ;w}+ ;Demgf cfO{ /xg] 36gfdf d}n] tkfO{n] cfˆgL lbj+ut >LdtL;+u
px“fsf] la/fdL cj:yfdf s]xL ug{] O{R5f 5 ls <Æ elg ;f]Wbf px“fn] rfx]sf] s'/fx?
s]jn c?s} nflu enf] x'g] s'/fdfq O{R5fPsf] d slxNo} la;{g ;lSbg . of] j0f{g
k9\bf d]/f] dgdf gf/L hfltk|lt / To:tf] gf/L agfpg] xfd|f] ;+:sf/ k|lt w]/} ;Ddfgsf]
cg'ej eP/ cfof] . o:tf cg]sf}+ 36gfx? o; k':tsdf htftt} 5l/Psf 5g\ .
tkfO{sf] hLjgsf g'ejx? xfdL ;a};“u a“f8]/ xfdLnfO{ klg ;sf/fTds af6f]df lx“8\g
k|]l/t ug{' ePsf]df / cfˆgf b'Mv ;'v cg'ej ug{ lbg' eP/ tkfO{n] h'g u'0f nufpg'
ePsf] 5, To;sf nflu cfef/ k|s6 ug{ rfxG5' .
k9\
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h:tf] r]tgzLn tyf pBdzLn JolQmsf] o; b]znfO{ v“frf] /x]sf] s'/f tkfO{ cfkm}nfO{
klg yfx} 5, t/ tkfO{ h:tf] JolQmn] k"0f{ ?kdf ;lqmo x'g'k5{ eGg] d]/f] dfGotf
xf]======== efUodf eP s'6L s'6L eGg] dfGotf kfPsf] g]kfnL ;dfhnfO{ hfu/0fsf]
v“frf] 5 . o'jf zlQmnfO{ kl/rflnt u/fpg kfP Pp6f ;sf/fTds ;f]rsf] lbzf lng]
lyof] . h'g lbg tkfO{n] cfˆgf go“f–go“f ;f]rnfO{ k/LIf0f ub{}hfg' eof], tL ;f]r
sfof{Gjog ePsf k|To]s If0fdf d]/f] b]zsf] d'xf/ x“f;]sf] 5 . d Ps ;fwf/0f o'js x'“
. k':ts k9\bf olt v'zL nfUof] ls d zAbdf n]Vg ;lSbg . lstfa k9\g t nfdf]
;do nfu]g To;kl5 lgbfpg nfdf] ;do nufP“ . dgdf olt w]/} s'/f cfpg yfn]
lsyfn] ls tkfO{ ;dIf uP/ of] eG5' Tof] eG5' . t/ tkfO{nfO{ e]6\g g;Sbf hlt
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b'Mv nfUof] Tof] eGbf al9 tkfO{ Retired hLjg latfpg' x'“b}5 eGg] ;'g]/ nfUof] . t/
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h?/L 5 . To;}n] tkfO{nfO{ ;lqmo b]z ljsfzsf] af6f]df cfpg cg'/f]w ub{5' .
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v'zLsf] l;dfgf g} /x]g . d Zofd axfb'/ sfsL{ lqo'uf gu/kflnsf ufO{3f6=====pbok'/
c~rn ;u/dfyf k'jf{~rn====== tkfO{ Jo:t ePklg kGb| aL; ldg]6 hlt ;do
lgsfn]/ / d}n] k7fPsf] kq z'? b]lv cGt ;Dd kl9 lbg] si6======nfvf}+ cfef/L x'g]5'
. d s'g} pRr lzIff xfl;n u/]sf] k|f0fL klg xf]Og . ;w}+ e/L n]lv/xg] n]vs klg
xf]Og . To;sf/0f sltko zAbx? bf]xf]l/g uPsf]n] cz'4 ePsf] x'g ;S5 . n]Vg
vf]h]sf] jf:tljs s'/fnfO{ 5Gbsf] ;f/df ldnfP/ n]Vg a;]sf] x'“nf==========…;f]rÚ
lstfa k9]s]f k|efjn] d]/f] ;“fu'/f] lbdfunfO{ of] ;f]r]/ n]Vg afWo / ljjz agfof] /
agfO{/xg] 5 d]/f] lhGbUfL e/L . jf:tljs oyfy{sf] w/ftndf cf]ln{P/ w'|j ;To
s'/fnfO{ cfTdf;ft ug{ s0f{ zfSonfO{ d}n] uf}td a'4sf] ?kdf ======== x/]s If]qdf
plQs} lrGtglzn eP/ nflu/xg] Ps ;kmn xf]6n p2dL / Jofj;flos ?kdf dfq
geO{ /fi6«sf] nfuL s]xL u/f}+ xf]Og ls w]/} g} u/f} eGg] efjgf ePsf] /fi6«eQmsf]
?kdf======;a} g]kfnLx?df xh'/sf] h:tf] ;f]r / ljrf/ eO{lbPsf] eP cfh
xfd|f] b]z x/]s If]qdf hfkfgs} xf/fxf/Ldf k'Ug] lyof] xf]nf======b]z / b]zjf;LnfO{
;r]t u/fp“g], pT;flxt / hfu?s t'Nofpg], ljsf; ;DalGw vfsfsf] cjwf/0ff
tof/ kf/]/…======= cu|;/ x'g] / JolQmut :jfy{ eGbf /fli6«o :jfy{ k|lt
lrGtglzn x'g] sd{7 s0f{ zfSonfO{ =========d}n] w]/} JolQmx?4f/f k|sflzt ljleGg
k':tsx? Kf9]+ xf]nf . t/ clnslt klg k|efljt eP xf]nf jf eO{g xf]nf Tof] d}n] ofb}
ul/g =====;f]r lstfa k9\bf d]/f] x[bo olt efj's x'g k'u] ls leqleq} axlsPsf]
dgn] aflx/} ux e/L c“f;' emfb{} ?g yfn] 5' . d]/f] 3/sf] kl/jf/ / l5d]ssf
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d olQs}sf h'?Ss p7]/ xftdf lstfj lnP/ h+unsf] PsfGtsf] zfGt 7fp“df uP/
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lkª\df ha d em'ln/x] eGg] kf7 k9\9f t emg d]/f] dg lj/lQmP/ ?g k'u] . ;fob d]/f]
cfˆgf] 3/df ljof]u kbf{ klg o;/L /f]Psf] lyO{g“ xf]nf . ======== d cfkm'n] cfkm}nfO{
;Demfpg] cg]s yl/sf s'/f ;f]Rg yfn] ls csf{sf] Tof] klg slxn] slxn]sf] hLjg
sxfgLsf] ;f]r k9\b}df d lsg o;/L lj/lQmPsf] x'“nf . cflv/ dnfO{ s] ePsf] 5 / <
k|ToIf klg b]v]sf] xf]Og / ;'g]sf] klg xf]Og lstfj t k9]sf] x'“ . Tof] klg sxf“sf]
glrg]sf] JolQmn] k|sfzg u/]sf] lstfj eGb} cfˆg} Tof] dgnfO{ 9f8\; lbg] cg]sf}+
s'/fx? dgdf v]nfP“, t/ dg zfGt geO lj/Qm eO{ g} /≈of] . dg zfGt x'g g;s]
kl5 efj's ePsf] dgnfO{ alnof] agfpgsf] nfuL Pp6f :km't{ v'zL /fVgsf] nfuL
…;f]rÚ lstfjsf] aflx/L d"n k]hdf /x]sf] sn/ kmf]6f] lgsfn]========kmf]6f]nfO{ cfˆgf]
k;{df====== 7"nf] kmf]6f]nfO{ rf“xL cfsif{s k|]mddf /fv]/ d}n] cfˆgf] sf]7fsf] ======
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lqrGb+| ax'd'vL SofDk; -@)^@.)
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tkfO{sf] ;[hgf …;f]rÚ cfBf]kfGt x]l/;s]kl5 cGtd{gdf p7]sf b'O{rf/ s'/f

gkf]vL /xg ;lsg“ . t;y{ oxf“sf] cd"No ;donfO{ layf]Ng uO/x]sf]df ;j{k|yd
Ifdfk|fyL{ 5' . …;sf/fTds ;f]rÚ / …pBdzLntfÚ af/] cgle1, hfg]/ klg a'em
krfp“g], cem hfGg} grfxg] nf5L, cN5L tyfslyt …dxfkl08tÚx?n] ;d]t Psk6s
k9\g} kg{], dgg ug{}kg{] / cToGt} k9\gnfos ul/ tof/ kfg{'ePsf] o; k':tssf nflu
ox“fnfO{ cg]sfg]s ;fw'jfb lbg'df d cfkm}nfO{ uf}/jsf] cg'e'lt eO/x]sf] 5 .
sxL+ ;f]rdUg t'Nofpg], sxL+ efjljx\jn agfpg] / sxL+ lvTsf 5f8L x“f:g
afWokfg{] oxf“sf] z}nLk|lt d x[bob]lv g} cfNxflbt eP“ . Psfu| eO{ k9\b} hf“bf Ps
7fp“df cln v6\lsP/ cl8g k'u]+ . k[i7 @%& df ljleGg ljz]if1x?sf] qmd cGtu{t
e"ue{ljbnfO{ c+u|]hLdf Paleontologist pNn]v ePsf] b]v]+ . jf:tjdf Paleontologist
eGgfn] hLjfjz]if ;DalGw ljz]if1 x'g\, h'g e"ue{zf:qsf ljleGg x“fufx?dWo] Ps xf]
. e"ue{ljb\nfO{ Geologist elgg] x'“bf ;f] s'/f k|i6\ofpg klg of] kq n]Vg] hdsf{] u/]sf]
x'“ . o;nfO{ cGoyf lng'x'g] 5}g / eljiodf …;f]rÚ h:t} ;sf/fTds kIfdf 3R3Rofpg],
pGglt k|ulttkm{ e'msfj a9fpg k|]/0ff lbg] vfnsf oxf“sf cGo s[lt klg x]g{] ;f}efUo
kfpg] 5f}+ eGg] z'e cfsf+Iff;lxt k'gM Psk6s xflb{s ;fw'jfb bf]xf]¥ofpg cg'dlt
dfUb5' .
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ug{' k/]sf]df . w]/} a]/ ;f]r]sf] klg x'“ s] elg ;Djf]wg u?“ eg]/, t/ zAb rog ug{
g;Sbf gfdaf6} ;Daf]wg u/]sf] x'“ . d ?kGb]xL lhNnf a'6jn gu/kflnsf jf8{ g+=
^ nIdL gu/ lgjf;L $$ jif{] JolQm x'“ . xfn d s[lif ljsf; a}+s, a}+ls¨ sfof{no
gf/fo0fu9df clws[t t[tLo :t/df sfo{/t 5' .=========== d]/f] nflu ox“f kl/lrt eP
klg d Ps ckl/lrt x'“ . s]lx ;do cl3 a'6jnaf6 k|sflzt x'g] Ps b}lgs klqsfn]
ox“fsf] n]v æ;f]rÆ x/]s lbg k|sfl;t ug{] u/]sf] lyof] . dsx“f x/]s lbg cfp“g] pQm
klqsfdf ox“fsf] kmf]6f] ;lxt cfpg] pQm wf/fjflxs n]v ;'? ;'?df s'g} sfd
gkfPsf]n] n]Vof] xf]nf eg]/ k9\b} klbg . t/ nuftf/sf] k|sfzgn] s] /x]5 elg k9\g
s/} nufof] . d}n] sx“faf6 ;'? u/+], yfx} gkfO{ ;Dk"0f{ c+s ;dfKt eP5 . ;fx|} vNnf]
nfUof] clg k5'tf] klg, lsg 5'6fP5' o:tf] /fd|f] n]v k9g eg]/ . :yflgo klqsf To;
dfly d]/} 6f]n l5d]sL k|wfg ;Dkfbs /x]sf] clg l5d]sdf ePsf] k;nn]nfO{ lbP .
;+sng ug{ ;s]sf] eP klg æ;f]rÆ s0f{ zfSo sf] k"/f k9\g kfO{g] lyof] xf]nf . t/
k9\g] OR5f cw'/} /≈of] .
pQm n]vsf] af/]df w]/} cl3 n]Vg] dg lyof], hfuL/] dfG5] km';{b klg sd
km]l/ 3/kfos a;]sf] dfG5] gf/fo0f3f6 ;?jf ePkl5 cfkm} cNdlng k'u] . cfh cln
km';{b lgsfn]/ n]Vg nfu]sf] x'“ . ox“f h:tf] dfG5] h;n] of] b]zsf] nflu w]/} ug{ ;S5
/ u/]sf] klg /x]5 . o:tf] JolQmTjnfO{ ;a}n] ;fy lbg ;s]sf] v08df b]z s]xL eP
klg cufl8 a9\g ;SYof] h:tf] nfU5 . ox“fsf] cu'jfO{df ePsf] ko{6gdf afx]s egf}+
x/]s r'/f]6sf] lvlNndf nufPsf] s/ afx]s -d}n] k9\g ;s]sf] c+s dWo]af6_ cGoq
;/sf/L If]qaf6 vf;} ;xof]u gePsf] h:tf] nfUof] . To;dfly ox“f ko{6g;“u
;DalGwt x'g' ePsf]n] klg xf]nf ox“fsf] æ;f]rÆ cGoq guPsf] kfP“ . t;y{ ox“fn]
g]t[Tj lng rfxg' ePdf cyjf g]kfndf sfo{/t ;+:yfx?;“u xft]dfnf] ug{ ;s]df
g]kfndf h+un ljB'tsf] klg ljsf; x'g ;SYof] ls < g]kfn h:tf] clt ul/j d'n'sdf
s0f{ zfSosf] lbdfuleq ;f]rsf] kf]sf] vf]Ng ;s]df cem s]xL x'GYof] ls <
s0f{ zfSonfO{ d 7"nf] afSnf] rZdf, ;fob sfnf] j0f{, 7"nf 7"nf cf]7 clg
em§ x]bf{ clk|msL d'n'ssf] gful/s -dfkm ug{' xf]nf_ h:tf] b]lvg] klqsfdf k|sflzt
kmf]6f]nfO{ dfq lrGb5' . rfxgf t 5 oqf] lbdfu ;f]rsf wgL s0f{nfO{ k|ToIf e]6f} eGg]
t/ cfh ;Dd klg px“fsf] jf:tljs 7]ufgf klg yfxf 5}g . d}n] t pQm k':ts
k|sfzg ug{] k|sfzssf] 7]ufgfdf k7fpFg of] kq n]vs ] f] x'F . dnfO{ yfxf 5}g of]
s0f{sf] xftdf k5{ ls kb{}g . cGTodf, s:tf] 5'rf] /x]5 o:tf] sfuhdf n]v]5
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geGg'xf]nf . d w]/} klxn] Pp6f INGO df sfd ubf{ To;sf] x/]s lr7Lsf] vfddf
n]v]sf] x'GYof] “Save paper save environment” eg]/ n]v]sf] ;Dem]/ ox“f h:tf]n]
kSs} klg k]k/nfO{ Wofg lbg' x'g] 5}g . dgdf w]/} s'/f lyof], n]Vbf n]Vb} lal;{P5' ======.
tkfO{ xf“:bf d klg xf“;]5'

nfn >]i7, dgsfdgf Do'lhs OlGi6Ro'6,
a}+s /f]8, x]6f}8f $-@)^@.^.$_
cx“ n]lVbg“=====n]lVbg“ eg]/ of] dgnfO{ v'a a“fw] . t/ ;lsg cfkm'nfO{ /f]Sg
/ dgsf /fux? cfh} n]Vb}5' . d]/f] cfˆgf] lhGbuLsf y'k|} k|;+ux?nfO{ d}n] k|i6\ofp“g
;s]sf] lyO{g“ lsGt' tkfO{sf] æ;f]rÆ n] dnfO{ 7"nf] u'0f nufof] . hLjgdf w]/} cg'Ql/t
k|Zgx? lyP, To:fsf] hjfkm tkfO{s} k':tsaf6 kfP“ . æ;f]rÆ k9\b} hf“bf d slt a]nf
s'lGg tkfO{ eO{ ;s]5' . glthf, tkfO{ 3'd] hlt 7fp“x? d klg 3'd]5' . tkfO{n] b]v]sf
s'/fx? d}n] klg b]v]5' . tkfO{ xf“:bf d klg xf“;]5' / tkfO{ ?“bf d klg /f]P5' . tkfO{
v'Drbf“ d klg v'Dr]5', tkfO{ km}ln+bf d klg km}n]5' . xftdf k':ts k/]b]lv k9]sf]–
k9\o}, k9]sf]–k9\o} eP5' d .
w}/} ePsf] lyof] o;/L d}n] k':ts gk9]sf] ==========tkfO{sf] hLjgsf] cg'ej /
bz{g d]/f] hLjgdf yfxf lyPg t/ o;/L 3'n]sf] /x]5' Tof] æ;f]rÆ k9]kl5 dfq} dnfO{
jf]w eof] . d}n] klg of] dsjfgk'/ lhNnfdf s;}af6 gyflnPsf] ;+uLtsnfsf]
kf7zfnfsf] :yfkgf====of] kf7zfnfnfO{ lr/:yfoL agfp“g' t 5“b}5≤ ;“u ;“u} csf{]
cfjZos w/f]x/x?sf] ?kdf tLg;o hgf c6fpg] gf6\ozfnf lgdf{0f ug{] cfsf+Iff
knfPsf] 5 . o:fsf] nflu s] ug{ ;lsG5 eg]/ tkfO{ h;/L 3fGb|'s s'b\g t ;lsg“ t/
3/sf] 5t dfly k|s[lt x]/]/ ;f]Rb} h“Fbf dsjfgk'/ lhNnfsf x/]s 3/af6 hlt ;s]sf]
bfg ;+sng ug{] 6'“uf]df k'u]==== k|:tfjnfO{ s;/L kf; u/fpg' k5{ Tof] snf klg
tkfO{af6} l;s]sf] 5' . tkfO{nfO{ dgsf s'/f n]lv /x'“ nfUbf–nfUb} klg d}n] cfkm'nfO{
/f]ssf] 5' . n]Vg' x'G5 eGg] ljZjf;sf ;fy clxn]nfO{ of] snd olx /f]Qm5' . c:t' .
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ca of] ;f]r ;Dk"0f{ kf7ssf] xf]

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. sltn] kl9EofPsf 5g\, w]/}n] k9\g] qmddf xf]nfg\ / w]/}sf] k9\g] cj:yf gxf]nf klg .
kl9;s]sfx?af6 Pp6} k|ltlqmof kfP“ …;f]rÚ, g]kfnL ;a}n] k9g} kg]{ k':ts .
;sf/fTds ;f]rsf] ljsf; / lj:tf/åf/f ;Dd'gt gof“ ;dfh lgdf{0fsf] nflu ;s];Dd
;Dk"0f{ g]kfnLn] k9\g' kb{5, k9\g g;Sg]nfO{ o; k':tssf]] bz{g dfq ePklg a“f8\g'
kb{5 eGg] dnfO{ klg nfu]sf] 5 . of] ;f]r s]jn s0f{ zfSodf dfq ;Lldt /x]g ca
ca of] ;f]r ;Dk"0f{ kf7ssf] xf] .===========
k':tsn] s0f{ zfSosf] hLjgL dfq ;d]6]sf] 5}g, k'/} g]kfn ;d]6]sf] 5 .
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;fdflhs / /fhgLlts ;d:of ;d]6]sf] 5 . ;dfwfgsf pkfo ;d]6]sf] 5 . pgsf]
ljrf/df h:tf];'s} c“Wof/f] ePklg pHofnf] eljio, hLjg / HfLjGttfsf] s|d xfdLn]
xfd|} b]zdf vf]Hg' k5{ / e]§fpg} k5{ . pgL eG5g\ – æk/hLljx?n] slxNo} cj;/ u|x0f
ub}{gg\ . cj;/nfO{ s;}n] Kn]6df ;hfP/ 6qm|ofp“b}g .Æ
pgL n]V5g–æpBf]usf] xfQL rnfpg d';fsf] 5ftL lnP/ x“'b}g .Æ g]kfn
e|d0f jif{sf] cfof]hgfsf cg'ejx? hLjGt ?kn] k|:t't ePsf 5g\, sfd klg u/]sf]
cf/f]k klg ;x]sf] b'Mv ;'v ;d]6b} .========= Ps ljb]zLn] æxgL xG6/Æ lstfa 5fk]/
nfvf}+ 8n/ sdfP t/ w]/} g]kfnLnfO{ o;af/] ;fdfGo 1fg;d]t 5}g . pgsf] ts{ 5,
olb cfkm\gf] cGt/cfTdfnfO{ k|lta4 / ;dl{k{t kfg{ ;lsof] eg] of] b]zdf w]/} sfd ug{
;lsG5 . ===== sdhf]/L n'sfpg' eg]sf] cfkm}+nfO{ wf]sf lbg' xf] eGb} lrlgof“ bfz{lgs
sGkm\o"l;o;sf] egfO{ JoQm u5{g\–ælhGbuLdf slxNo} gn8\g' 7"nf] s'/f xf]Og, t/ n8]/
p7\g' 7"nf] s'/f xf] .Æ kL8fnfO{ cf“;'n] kvfNg' x'“b}g, tfut eP;Dd xfdLn] cfºgf]
kL8fnfO{ dgleq kfNg'k5{ / of] cf“z'nfO{ d§Lt]n h:t} HjngzLn kbfy{ agfP/ Hof]lt
afNg] k|of; ug'{k5{ . k'Ug]nfO{ yf]/} ePklg k'U5, gk'Ug]nfO{ hlt ePklg k'Ub}g .
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lhGbuLsf] d"n nIo ljsf; / ;DkGgtf dfq xf]Og, dfgl;s ;'v klg xf] . s':t k};f
sdfP/dfq dflg; ;kmn aGg ;Sb}g . ;kmntf gfKg] dfWod k};f xf]Og . O{Hht xf] .
wgf9\o t/ 3[l0ft eP/ af“Rg' Pp6f 7"nf] clezfk xf] .Æ slt z;Qm 5g\ oL dflysf
cleJolQmx? . slt ;fy{s 5g\ oL hLjg bz{gx? ;Dk"0f{sf nflu . ZffSosf] ;f]rnfO{
s;/L x]g]{ eGg] ;a} s'/f e/k5{ ca xfd}+| ;f]rdf . pgs} cg';f/ ;f]r cg'ejdf, ;f]r
b[li6sf0fdf / ;f]r lrGtgdf . ælsg ;+:s[ltÆ sf] b[li6sf]0f af6} ePklg zfSosf]
;f]rdfly ;f]Rg} kg]{ ckl/xfo{ ;f]lr/x]5' d klg . o;sf] ;fy{stfaf/] . Jofjxfl/s
cl:tTj af/] .
æwgL afp“sf ;k|]sf 5f]/fÆ

åfl/sf k|;fb hf]zL, 6Lsfk'/ ax'd'vL SofDk;,
6Lsfk'/, s}nfnL )^#.!.@)
dnfO{ uf}/j nfUof] ;a} eGbf klxnf t sf7df8f}+ hGd]/ /f]Nkf, d':tfË
dxfsflnsf] z'Snfkmf“6 jGohGt' ;+/If0f If]qdf Jojxfl/s ?kdf h'g g]jf/ kl/jf/sf
dflg; clxn] klg sf7df8f}+sf] yfgsf]6 kf/L g]kfn 5}g eG5g\ t/ s0f{ zfSo eg]
Pp6f sf]7fleq of]hgf sf]/]/ a:g] dfG5] geO{ cem clxn]sf] k':tfsf nflu o'jf ljb]z
/ b"Jo{;g tkm{ pGd'v ePsf] cj:yfdf Tolt klxn] g} wlg kl/jf/df hGd]/ klg dgdf
Pskn 3d08 gePsf] jf:tljstf a'em]sf] cfTdLs lg0f{o ;'Gg] / Jojxf/df ptfg{]
w}o{, zfx;, k|]/0ff st{Jo af]w 5, /fi6«jfbL of]hgfsf/, ldng;f/, ;dfh;]jL cg]s
y/L pkgfd s0f{ zfSo .
s0f{ zfSo ;w} ;sf/fTds lrh dfq b]Vg] cf“vf ePsf, cToGt b"/bzL{ . d}n]
ge]6fP/ xf] jf d]/f] cfTdfn] gdfg]/ xf] g]kfnL k':ts klxn]f k]h k9\g] ljltSs} dgky{]
ef/tLo n]vssf k':tsx? dg 5'g] jf cfkm'n] ;f]rh ] :tf] lstfj d cToGt Wofg lbP/
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k9y] . s'GgL s] lyof] of] k':ts d k9\g] SofDk;sf] nfOj|]/Ldf Pslk; dfq lyof]
nfOa|]/Logn] k9\g dfUbf lbg dg u/]sf] lyPg . t/ Psl5g elg dfuL Ps lk/]8 e/L
k9\bf pT;'stf ylkb} uof] . nfO{a|]l/ognfO{ lbG5' eGg] lstfj 3/ kf] NofP5' .
kf7oqmdsf] lstfa cfwf 306f k9\bf 3f“6L b'Vg], 9f8 b'Vg] cg]s sNkgf l;h{gf x'g],
ef]s nfUg], t/ g]kfnLn] olt /fd|f] k':ts / Jojxfl/snfO{ k|fyldstf lbPsf] b]Vbf
d}n] hDdf cfwf ln6/ kfgL lkP/ Psrf]6L 6\jfOn]6 uPsf] lyP . ;'?b]lv cGTo ;Dd
d}n] 5 306fdf Ps zAb g5'6fO{ k9] . of] jf:tljstf / efj'stfsf] lstfj xf],
cflTds lg0f{ostfsf] lstfj xf] . sd{ ug{] g]kfnLsf] lstfj xf], of] k':ts 5}7f}
;+:s/0f xf]Og ;f7L cf} ;+:s/0f 5'g ;Sg] of] k':ts ;a}n] k9g} kg{] k':ts xf] .
b"Jo{;g tkm{ pGd'v o'jfn] dfq Ps r':sf] ljo/ 36fpg'xf]; . ;'lt{ vfg]n] Ps v'/fs
;'lt{ 36fpg'xf]; . r'/f]6 lkpg]n] Ps ;sf{] tfGg 5f]8g'xf];\ / Tof] k};f hf]8]/ Pp6f
…;f]rÚ k':ts vl/b ul/ ;'?b]lv cGTo;Dd k9g'xf]; . of] tkfO{sf] kl/jt{sf] afxs
aGg ;S5 .
dgn] u/]sf] ;Ddfg

lhjg zdf{, sf7df8f}+,
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w]/} klxn] b]lv g} tkfO{nfO{ ;'Gb} / k9b} cfPsf] x“' . cfh tkfO{ …;f]rÚ
kl9;s]kl5 tkfO{nfO{ dgn] u/]sf] ;Ddfg cfºg} xftsf cIf/x?n] ;Daf]wg gul/ /xg}
;lsg . To;}n] cfkl/lrt dgsf zAbx? sf]/]/ k7fp“b}5' . cfzf 5 tkfO{sf] Pp6f
c;n kf7ssf] x}l;otn d}n] k|fKt ug{]5' / of] kq tkfO{af6 kSs} kl9g] g} 5 .
tkfO{sf] lstfa cd"No ;f]rx?sf] ;+u|x xf] . lhjg ;':tfPsfx?sf nflu, clt{x?sf
nflu / lhjgsf] ;f/ gb]Vg]x?sf nflu tkfO{sf] lhjg / lhDj]jf/Lsf] af]w kSs}
klg /fdjf0f x'g'kg{] xf] . ;du|df tkfO{sf] lhjg k|ltsf] ;f]raf6 k|efljt 5' / ToxL
;f]raf6 lhjgsf] cy{sf] c+z / dxTj k|fKt ug{] ;s]sf]df tkfO{ k|lt wGojfb gelg
/x“g ;lSbg . To;}n] tkfO{sf] :j:y lhjg / ;lqmo ;fdflhs ;xeflutfsf] nflu
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;f]r
k|fy{gf / cfu|x ub{5' . =========cfzf 5 s'g} lbg tkfO{;“u cjZo e]6 x'g]5 / …;f]rÚ
df k9] h:t} st{Jo / af]wn] el/k"0f{, d]x]gt, kl;gf / >dn] cf]tkf]t, clg ;dfh«k|lt
OdfGbf/ cfb/0fLo s0f{ zfSonfO{ b]Vg ;s'“, 5'g ;s'“ / af]w ug{ ;s'“ . x'g t d
sfg'gsf] ljBfyL{ -dfgjflwsf/_ Pn Pn Pd x'“ . k'gf ef/taf6 ev{/} kl9 l;WofP/
cfPsf] . To;n] k|s[lt / ko{6gh:tf ljifox?df clt sd dfq} hfgsf/Lx? 5g d
;“u . tkfO{sf] k|s[ltk|]d / ;lhjtf ;“usf] df]xaf6 ef/tLo d]gsf uflGw, hf] c;fWo}
k|s[lt k|]dL / hgfj/ ;+/If0fsf nflu sfd ul5{g ;“u} t'ngf ug{ dg nfu]sf] 5 dnfO{
. k9fO{s} qmddf Animal welfare and animal rights sf] af/]df ;f]wkq n]vL/x“bf
d]gsf ufGwLnfO{ k9g] df}sf kfPsf] lyP d}n] . x'g t tkfO{ h:tf] JolQmn]
k|s[ltk|]dsf] of] kf6f]nfO{ cjZo} cfTdaf]w ug{'ePsf] xf]nf, t/ stf stf olt
;'gfp“g kfp“bf v'zL eO/x]5' d . of] If]qdf k|z:t sfd ug{'kg{] 68\sf/f] cfjZostf
5, af“sL ljZjn] o;nfO{ Pp6f cfGbf]ngsf] ?kdf cl3 a9fPsf 5g\ . dfq g]kfn
o;df cgle1 ag]sf] 5 . d tkfO{ h:tf] JolQmaf6} o; If]qdf s]xL x'g ;S5 /
ug{'k5{ eGg] ljrf/ /fV5' . tkfO{af6 ;bf;otf k|fKt eO e]6\g] df}sf kfP v'zL x'g]
lyP . tkfO{af6 OR5fPsf] ljifo leq of] ljifo kg{ ;s] e]6df c? s'/f ug{ ;Sg] lyP .
PSnf] Hofg
bfjf tfdfË, lgs pRr df= lj,
l8NnLahf/, -@)^#.)#.
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c+sn -Uncle,_ oxf“sf] …;f]rÚ lstfa /fd|f] ;“u kl9of] . ælbJobz{gÚ kl/R5]b
klg kl9of] . oxf“nfO{ SofG;/ x'g] xf] ls eGg] cfz+sf ePsf] /ft . /ftel/ ef]nL s]
xf]nf eg]/ ;f]rsf] /ft . ;sf/fTds ;f]r clg dgnfO{ bl/nf] kfg{'k5{ eGg] dg;fo
ul/ s'g} ljrf/ lgsfn]sf] /ft . To;a]nf tkfO{n] lgsfn]sf] cSsn oxf“ sfd
cfPh:tf] 5 . sflGtk'/df SofG;/ /f]uLx?sf] ;Ë7g af/] Ps k]h 5kfpg] h:tf ;f]r
tkfO{n] To; ;do lgsfNg'eof] . t/ ha tkfO{nfO{ s]xL /f]u gePsf] l/kf]6{n] atfof] .
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;f]r
tL ;f/f ;f]rx? ;a} sNkgfd} /x] . t/ kl5 lstfjdf ;dfj]z ug{'eof] . /fd|f] ug{'eof]
lsgsL xfdLn] k9\g kfof}+ . cfh laxLaf/sf] va/df g]kfn 6]lnlehgn] Ps d'6' /f]uL
lj/fdLnfO{ b]vfO{Psf lyof] . lar/f ;xof]uL bftfsf] vf]hLdf /f]O/x]Yof] / ;fydf
pgsf] cfdf klg /f]O/x]sL lyP . ;xof]u klg slt ug{] . To:tf la/fdL g]kfndf ;f]r]
eGbf al9 ;+Vofdf 5g\ . To;}n] /sd ;xof]u u/]/ dfq ;d:of xn x'“b}g . xf]nf Ps
b'O{ hgfsf] w]/}sf] c;Dej . n ;xof]u ul/of] /], la/fdLsf] /f]u ;'Nem\of]/] . t/ s] yfxf
pgn] kl5 of] u'0f la;{g] x'g ls . 8fS6/ jf g]tf h:tf ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{] stf xf]
stf pe]/} cfºg} :jfy{df 8'Ag] of] t xfOkf]y]l;;sf s'/fx? . lar/f tL ul/a
la/fdLx? s;/L /f]uaf6 d'Qm x'G5g xf]nf . sd;]sd sf]xL cfOb] x'GYof] . h;n] 7"nf]
dbt k'¥ofpg ;s'g .
tL JolQmx? dWo] tkfO{ Ps x'g'x'G5 . t/ tkfO{ PSn}n] ;a} s'/f ;Sg'x'Gg .

slxn]sf“xL o:tf] ;f]r cfp“bf] xf] . tkfO{nfO{ geP klg 3/sf] hxfgnfO{ kSs} cfpbf]
xf] . tkfO{n] eg] h:t} slxn] t PSnf] Hofg x'g' a]z h:tf] klg x'G5 . PSnf] Hofg t
PSnf] Hofg} xf] . hxf“ uP klg h] u/] klg gf] 6]G;g . t/ o;f] eg]/ sxf“ x'G5 / <
eujfg a'4 klg kl5 ;d"xdf cfpg'eof]] pkb]z lbg'eof] . To;/L g} ca Pp6f ;f]r
lgsfNg' xf]nf h;sf/0f tL ul/a la/fdLx?df clnslt ;]jf k'uf]; ===============
leGGf pBf]uklt
;'dg sfo:y,
sfo:y, ag]kf g kf !, lqe'jg rf}s
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æ;f]rÆ lstfj k|sflzt eO;s]kl5 sl/a b'O{ jif{ kl5 k9g] df}sf ldNof] .
lstfj k9]kl5 tkfO{sf] ;f]rfO{, nug, d]x]gt / b]zk|ltsf] ;befj cWog ug{ b'O{ jif{
308
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;f]r
d kl5 k/]sf] dxz'; u/] . ========= x'g t d}n] of] k':ts d]/f] cfºgf] 3/df axfndf
lbPsf] k;naf6 lnP/ k9] . t/ 7Ls pN6f] c? JolQm lstfj lsg]/ k9\5g t/ d}n] of]
lstfj k9]/ lsg] . To;sf/0f of] lstfjn] d]/f] lhjgsf] sfofkn6 ug{]5g eGg]
ljZjf;df of] lstfj ;+u|x ug{] hdsf{] u/] / c?nfO{ klg o; k':ts cWog ug{' xf]nf
elg k|rf/ ug{] c7f]6 u/] . of] k':ts cWog u/]kl5 /fhg}lts, cfly{s, ef}uf]lns,
;fdflhs, cfWoflTds, Jojxfl/s 1fg xfl;n u/] h'g d}n] clxn];Dd Pp6} lstfjaf6
olt w]/} If]qsf] cWoog ug{] df}sf kfPs} lyPg . o; lstfjsf] cWoog ;“u;“u}
cufl8sf] tkfO{sf] kmf]6f] d}n] ;of+} kN6 x]g{ k'u] . of] s:tf] vfnsf] k|f0fL xf] . h'g sL
;dfh b]zsf] nflu olt w]/} ;f]rfO{ agfp“g' pGgltsf] nflu lg/Gt/ vl6/xg' cfhsf]
/fhg}lts JolQmx?df eOlbPsf] eP of] g]kfnsf] d'xf/ slt rf“8} km]l/ ;SYof] xf]nf .
tkfO{sf] lstfj kl9;s]kl5 kl/R5]b !! sf] ;d:of dflg;sf] v'8\sLnf xf] eg]
egfO{af6 d]/f] dgdf o:tf] t/+u pln{of] / d}n] klg s]xL zAbx? hdsf{] u/] . t/ d]/f]
dgzfo tkfO{sf] >[hgf dfly lqmof, k|ltlqmof ug{] / ;dfnf]rgf ug{' xf]Og . cfh
;Dd d}n] kqklqsf k9]/ To; ljifodf snd rnfPsf] lyPg . ha d}n} lstfj k9]
d]/f] jf:tljs lhjgdf d}n] *$ jif{sf] a'jf / && jif{s]f d'df;“u lhjg u'hf/f
ul//x]sf] 5' . d]/f] kl/jf/sf] d sfG5f] 5f]/f / bfh'x? 5'§} a:g' x'G5 / d}n] a'af;“u
a;L 5'§} Joj;fo rnfO/x]sf] 5' . a[4 a'af d'dfsf] x]/rfx / jxf“x?sf] :jf:Yo ;d:of
/ 3/fo;L ;d:ofx? / Ps g Ps lbg lj/fdL eO/xg] / d}n] hlt ;sf/fTds ;f]rfO{
/fv]/ sfo{ u/] klg d dfly g} ljleGg ah|kftx? cfO/xg] / a'af;“u} a;]sf]n]
;dfhaf6 klg ;f/f ef/ cfO/xg] sf/0fn] slxn]sfxL+ d}n] eGg] u5{' . eujfg ;To
sfd ug{]sf] nflu 5}g / snLo'udf ;w} c;Tosf] g} enf] x'g] /x]5 eGg] dgdf
nfUbYof] . t/ of] lstfj k9]kl5 d}n] dxz'; u/] r'gf}ltn] jf:tjdf efUodflgsf] 9f]sf
wSwSofp“5 hf] cuf8L 5 p;nfO{ ;d:ofn] ;tfp“b}g .
To:t} kl/R5]b ^ df æjf:tjdf sfd t ;a}n] ug{ ;S5 t/ s;}nfO{ ljZjf;

u/]/ sfd u/fpg x[bo ljzfn x'g'k5{Æ of] jfSo k9]kl5 d}n] lstfj k9\g' eGbf klxn]
Pp6f Joj;fodf ljZjf;n] nufgL u/s]f s'/f df olt lgw{s eP/ d}n] ;f]
Joj;foaf6 lgZrLt eP . d}n] yfxf eP cg';f/ g]kfndf w'd|kfg dlb/fsf] pBf]u
vf]nL k};f sdfP/ d'6'sf] c:ktfn vf]Ng] pBf]ukltx? eGbf tkfO{nfO{ leGg kfP .
=======k':tsdf ePsf kl/R5]b !,#,(,!),!!,!@ d]/f] nflu clt g} dfld{s / 36nfUbf]
nfUof] / kl/R5]b @ df /x]sf] /fhtGqsf s'/f cln lrQ a'em]g lsgsL ha tkfO{ !
lvNnL r'/f]6df k};f s/ nufO{ SofG;/ x:kL6n agfpg] sf]zL; ug{' x'G5 . oxLsf
xfd|]f ;d|f6 krf;f+} xhf/ /f]kgL hldgsf dflns s] jxf“n] x:kL6n jf hgtfsf]
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;f]r
;d;fdoLs ;d:of k'lt{ ug{] sf]zL; ug{] ;f]rfO{ xfdLn] lsg lbg ;s]g / of] xfd|f]
sdhf]/LnfO{ tkfO{n] o; ljifodf 3R3Rofp“g lsg ;Sg'ePg < / dnfO{ cem} klg
ljZjf; 5 tkfO{sf] ;of}+ ;sf/fTds ;f]rfO{nfO{ g]kfnL hgtfn] pkef]u u/]/ klg cem}
tkfO{af6 xfdLn] of] eGbf w]/} gof“ ;f]r -ljsf;sf] of]hgf_ x? kfp“g' af“sL g} 5 eGg]
k|df0f h'g tfKn]h'Ësf] x[bo ljbf/s ljdfg b'3{6gfaf6 tkfO{ ;f}efUojz aRg' eof] .
o;sf] nflu eujfgnfO{ d'/L d'/L wGojfb lbb} b'Mvb 36gfdf lbj+ut x'g' ePsf ;a}
k|lt xflb{s >4f~hnL ck{0f ub{} d]/f] dgdf lstfj kl9 pln{P/ kf]vLPsf efjnfO{ oxL
lj>fd ub{5' . gd:sf/ .
go“f lhjgsf]
lhjgsf] nflu awfO{
lgd{n yfkf, -@)^#÷&÷@$_
lzjk'/–^, alb{of
gof“ lhjgsf] o; :jlKgn k|x/df tkfO{nfO{ of] kq n]Vb}5' . go“f lhjg o;

dfg]df sL Tof] sxfnL nfUbf] / cTof;nfUbf] x]lnsK6/ b"3{6gfsf] ;DaGwdf tkfO{sf] af/]
;+rf/ dfWodx? w]/ yf]/ k:s]sf lyP . cfºgf] ?rL cg'?k eg] d}n] kof{Kt
;+sng u/] :d[ltdf tkfO{sf] efjfj]z -cjz]if_ . pQm b'3{6gfdf d}n] lrg]sf / pxf“x?n]
glrg]sf @, $ cg'xf/ ;DdLlnt lyP, af“sL ;a} ckl/lrtx? k|lt d]/f] ;xfg'e"lt 5 . 8f
xs{ u'?ª hfg'eof] px“fnfO{ cem k|rlnt / lk|o u/fof] . tkfO{ /xg'eof] cem ddtfooL /
k|]dLn ?kdf ;Ddf]xg a9fof] d]/f] ?rLdf .
tkfO{sf] rlr{t k':ts …;f]rÚ sf] rrf{ klxn] hlta]nf k|yd ;+:s/0f / klxnf]
cg'e'ltdf tkfO{nfO{ lrg]sf] . tkfO{sf] k':ts nf]slk|o x'g' klxn]sf] d]/f] ;ldIff o:tf]
lyof]–æ:jod\df s0f{ zfSosf] cfºgf]kg dhj't / tYok/s 5, slxn] 7"nf] dfG5], slxn]
;fgf], slxn] lrGts, ljZn]ifs, Jofkf/Lsf] ?kdf km/s km/s kfqx?sf] v]n PSn}n] u/]sf]
5 . k':ts ;lxlTos gegf} eg] ld7f;k"0f{ noj4tf 5, sNkgf Go"g / Oltxf; cg'e"tLn]
lgld{Kt 5 . h?/L s;/L k':tssf] cUnfO{ ljrf/0fLo 5 .Æ k|yd cWoog kZrft s]xL jif{
klxn] ;f] k':ts yGsfP, cGo lk|o afSnf k':tsx?sf] rfËdf s]an …;f]rÚ afx]s cGo
;a} k':ts ljb]zL n]vssf lyP Tof] ¥ofsdf cfZro{df k/] ha …;f]rÚ sf] nf]slk|otf
ahf/df a9of] . …kNKf;f Sofkm]Ú sf] csf{] s'/f–Toxf“sf] kqsfl/tf oxf“ cjZo 5}g / dbg
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;f]r
k'/:sf/sf] lglDt kfp“m df]Ng' lxts/ klg 5}g . Pp6f s'/f egf}–æef]lnsf lbgdf ;f]rsf]
j[tfGtdf, k|z+u kf/]/ s;}n] k'/:sf/ lbof] eg] ;Ddfgk"j{s cl:jsf/ ug{' >]o:s/ xf]nf .Æ
of] ;f]r o:t} cy{ dfUg] k':ts xf] h;sf] cfºg} prfO{ / j}zL:otf 5, eb|tf 5 .
k':tsx? k'/:sf/sf nflu n]lvb}gg n]lvg' klg x'Gg, ;f]r k|sf/sf ljifout
dgf]u|GyLx? cGo Joj;foLs n]vs / k':tssf] af/]df d]/f] eGg' 5}g, x'g t of] d]/f]
JolQut cfrf/ xf] tkfO{nfO{ c? dxf]bonfO{ ?rLs/ nfUnf–gnfUnf < xf] d tkfO{nfO{
…;f]rÚ kl5 lrG5' –clxn];Dd d]/f] lbdfusf] ;lx xfnt;Dd klg . t/ k|ToIf t
e]63f6 ePsf] 5}g . of] ljz]if dxTjsf] ljifo klg x}g, cGhfg cf“vL ‰\ofn . rf]/
cf“vfn] ;w} g/fd|f] v/fa dfq b]Vb}g, x]b{}g . slxn]sfxL+ c;n b[i6Lb]z klg nufpg
;S5–dfGgf]; tkfO{ d tkfO{ pk/ oxL l/tn] k|rlnt 5' .
ev{/} Pp6f /fli6«o b}lgsLdf /fhg}lts bnx?nfO{ zlQmk"0f{ tj/n] lgxLt
:jfy{, ;dfh / b]zsf vflt/ bzf{pg' ePsf] lj1fkg -s'g} ?kdf_ nfO{ g]kfnsf sltn]
k9] xf]nfg, dgg u/] of u/]gg o]f s;sf] rf;f]sf] s'/f xf] / . t/ d uDeL/k"j{s
/f]lsPsf] 5' . s] of] ;Dk"0f{ b]zjf;Lsf] k|ltlglw cfxt, ;':s]z xf]Og / < el/of xf];
jf el/ofnfO{ kfl/>lds lbg] bfO{ xf];, ef8f df‰g] xf]; jf ef8f lsGg nufgL ug{]
x?sf] ckl/:s[t, >lds xf]; ;a} olx zfZjttfsf] sfdgf / ck]Iff u5{g . g]t[Tjdf
/x]sfx?n] a'em] a'em]gg\–hf] …;f]rÚ ldq sf sltko 36gfdf e]l6G5g\, ToxL :jefjdf
cNem]sf cwf]kfGt pxL ljs[t 3'dfpbf k|j[ltsf kx'rjfnfx?sf] ljj]sdf pQm sf]nd .
cleJolQmsf] k|efj slQsf] /xnf < d cGhfg 5', p:t} d klg rfxG5' .
s]xL klxn] b]vL tkfO{l;t aftlrt ug{] dg;fo lyof] of] kq n]v] cfºgf]
cfr/0f g xf], lsgsL of] d n]Vb}5' ca tkfO{sf] eof] ha d n]lv ;S5' . d]/f] dlh{sf]
ljkIfdf tkfO{ lg;+sf]r hfg ;Sg'x'G5, tkfO{n] k9g' eof] eg] . d Pp6f ;fdfGo
kl/jf/sf] aa'/f] k':ts cWoodf ?rL /fV5' . bz{g zf:q / ;flxTo k|lt nufj 5 .
o'jf ePsf]n] kqdf cfqmf]; xf]nf tkfO{ a[4 -d eGbf_ x'g'eof] . o;nfO{ pd]/sf] k|efj
7fGg'xf]nf, ;':t/L lng'xf]nf, qmflGtsf] uLt ufpg hfgLPg, ;dflhs x'g] /x/n] .
b]zdf s0f{ zfSo Pp6} xf] jf w]/} 5g < of] tkfO{sf] pT;'stf, cfkm'l;t d]n vfg]nfO{
/fi6« lgdf{0fsf] /fhdfu{df bf}8fpg'xf]; . d tkfO{nfO{ lrofpg] 5', k5\ofpg] 5' .
;sf/fTds ;f]rdf uhn

;h{g x;', sf7df8f}
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cfwf el/Psf] lunf;, cfwf vfnL eGg x'Gg .
;f]emf]n] g} cfsf; 5'G5, afËf] s}No} aGg x'Gg ..
cGwsf/ cz'e eG5g\, 1fgLn] t ;+;f/ b]V5 .

sf]Onf kl5 lx/f ldN5, lg/fz\ s}No} aGg x'Gg ..
l;h{gfsf] km"naf/Ldf, af:gf 5g{] km"n aGg' .
kf/Lhftsf] Oiof{ ub{}, vf8n\ ltDn] vGg x'Gg ..
bfg lbg' Tof] wd{ x}g, l;h{gfn] /+ufpg' .
lar/f x}g sd{ ug{, ;fy lbg e'Ng x'Gg ..
/+lug ;+;f/\ xf“;f]df 5, c“w]/L t j]bgfdf .

d':sfg dfq dfgjsf], bz{g of] e'Ng x'Gg ..
z'esfdgf
/fh' ljZjsdf{, 1fg]Zj/,
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;/, d tkfO{sf] KMofg x'“ eg]/ tkfO{nfO{ g} eGg rflx gx'g] g} xf] t/ klg
eG5' d tkfO{sf] tofg ta eP ha tkfO{ k|s[ltsf] km\ofg x'g'eof], k|s[ltk|dL aGg'eof],
ofgL ls d klg k|s[lt dgk/fp“5' . k|s[ltnfO{ dfof, ;+/If0f, ;Da4{g ug{'k5{ eG5' /
ufp“df 5“bf stf stf u/]+ h:tf] nfU5 . tkfO{af/] ;f]r k9]kl5 aNn yfxf kfP“,
tkfO{nfO{ lrg] . ;f]r k9]kl5 d}n] w/} s'/f ;f]r], lrg] hfg] clg emg ulx/fOdf 8'a]/
;f]Rg yfn], ;f]Rb}5' . d}n] eg]sf] / u/]sf] / tkfO{n] ;f]r lstfjdf n]Vg'ePsf] s'/f
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ufp“sf] ;]jf u/]sf] 5' . dnfO{ o;}df v'zL 5 . d oxL+ a;]/ s]xL u5{' . :s"n k9fp“5',
5fqfaf; vf]N5', kl/jf/nfO{ Tof] e}xfN5 . ljbfsf] a]nf ko{6snfO{ ufO8 u5{' . ;s]+
eg] /fd|f] u]i6 xfp; vf]N5' . e}xfN5, lhjg lgjf{x e}xfN5 . d}n] u]i6 xfp; vf]Ng]
afx]s ;a} u/]+ . sfo{qmd x'“bf ljb]zL u]i6 xfp;x?nfO{ c+u|]hLdf cfkm\gf] ufp“sf] af/]df
eg], 8'nfP ;f+:s[lts sfo{qmd b]vfP, cfbL OTofbL .
t/ klg d}n] ufp“ 5f8] ca oxf“ a;]/ x'“b}g lhjg nfdf] 5, zx/ hfg'k5{,
k9g'k5{ / zx/df a;]/} cfkm\gf] hGde"dL / b]zsf] nflu s]xL ug{}k5{ eg]/ zx/ cfP .
ha ;f]r lstfa k9]+ clg aNn ;Gtf]if ldNof] . v'zL nfUof] . d cem} klg oxL
s'/fnfO{ lnP/ ;fyLefO;“u ts{ljts{ u5{' / eG5' oxL b]zdf s]xL ug{}k5{, aflx/
hfg'kb{}g . a? aflx/sfnfO{ oxf“ Nofpg ;Sg'k5{ . o:t} o:t} ===
æ;f]rÆ k9]kl5 w]/} cjwf/0ffx?, ;f]rfO{x? lbdfudf ?dlNnP . tkfO{sf

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/fVg n]Vg a;]sf] x'“ . Ps gDa/df e"dLsf afwf}+ x} – tkfO{sf] kfs{ len]hdf @ /ft
latfpg] df}sf kfP“ Pp6f sfo{qmddf efu lng hf“bf . Ps hgf ;/n] ;'gfpg'eof] .
yfxf 5, of] kfs{ len]h s0f{ zfSosf] xf] . cfxf===uha eof] . s0f{ zfSosf] ;f]r /
ldlxg]t Tof] xf]6ndf P]gf em}+ 5n{+u kfP . ;fx|} cfgGb cfof] . clg d}n] ;fgf] eGbf
;fgf] s'/fdf Wofg lbP/ ;f]r] . / tkfO{nfO{ ;'emfj lbg klg of] kq n]v]sf] x'“ . s]an
d]/f] ljrf/ dfq xf] . o;nfO{ cGoyf glng'xf]nf . ljb]zLsf] nflu eg]/ agfpg'ePsf]
xf] kSs} klg Tof] xf]6n . t/ Toxf“ 3/sf gfdx? lyP, cls{8, nfe]Gb/, kfOg cflb===d
nfe]Gb/ gfdsf] 3/df a;]sf] lyP . o;f] ;f]r === s0f{ zfSon] oL 3/sf gfd g]kfnL
k|s[ltdf kfOg] s'/fx?af6 /fv] x'GYof] gL h:t}====;'gfv/L, kfl/hft, knf“;, rd]nL,
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h]g]/]6/sf] ;xfotfn] xf]nf xfd|f]df klg Pp6f eg]klg aNg'k¥of] lg . dfG5]
k7fOlbg';g\ eg]+ . rsdGg 5 d}gaQL klg 5}g . ef]nLsf] sfo{qmddf k|:t'ltsf]
sDKo'6/df tof/ kfg{'kg{] lyof] d]/f] ?dkf6{g/ ;/nfO{ . a8f] ufx|f] eof] . dfG5]
cfOk'u]g . kmf]g u/]+ km]/L ToxL hjfkm lbOof] . d}n] cln s8\s]/ eg]+ sd;]sd nfOg
uPklg Pp6f aQL t aNg'k5{ h]g]/]6/ rnfO{Psf] 5 . n n elgof] t/ b; ldg]6
eO;Sof] sf]xL cfpb}g . clg dnfO{ emf]+s rNof] . d uP xKsfP, s/fP“ / aNn
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hn]sf] klg x'g;S5 . geGb} r]subf{ Pp6f hn]5 . csf{] 7fp“sf] NofP/ /flvof] . aNof]
. cfgGb eof] . t/ Psl5g kl5 nfOg cfof] . ;a} lah'nL aNof] . tkfO{;“u lsg d}n]
of] z]o/ u/]sf] eGbf tkfO{ hlQsf] /x]g5g\ sd{rf/Lx? . cyf{t\ of] klg x'g;S5 ls
xfdL g]kfnL u]i6 eg]/ Tolt /fd|f] /]:kf]G; gul/Psf] klg x'g;S5 . olb b'j} sf/0f x'g
eg] ;/n] s'g} hfb' rnfp“g} k5{ .
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d l;g]df, uLt ;+uLt, ldl8of dgk/fp“5' / d]/f ?rLsf ljifo x'g oL . l6eL x]5{' d .
g]kfnL Rofgn nufof], /fhgLlts ukmufkm, dgf]/~hgafx]s s]xL klg 5}g sfo{qmddf
. oyfy{k/s sfo{qmd 5}g . of] eGbf klg ko{6g Joj;foaf/] s]xL klg 5}g h:tf]
nfU5 . g]kfndf Psdfq lbuf] / bL3{sflng pBf]u x'g;S5 ko{6g Joj;fo .
clg lbdfudf Pp6f sG;]K6 cfof] . zAbdf ptf/]+ . Pshgf bfO{ ldl8ofdf x'g'x'G5 .
pxf“n] t;“u s]xL sG;]K6 5 eg] n] x} ;f]rf}+nf / ldNof] eg] agfp“nf . clg of]
sG;]K6 pxf“nfO{ ;'gfP“ . sG;]K6 o:tf] xf]–
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s0f{ zfSon] s] ug{]M k|s[lt;“u latfPsf If0fx?, cg'ejx? ;'gfpg], ko{6g /
k|s[lt af/] ljrf/ /fVg], s'g} ljb]zL lecfOkL u]i6;“u
ko{6g Joj;fo;“u ;DalGwt ;]jf;'ljwf, ;d:of,
;dfwfg, 36gf, ljrf/ cflb af/] s'/f ug{] .
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b]vfpg], ko{6sx?sf] k|ltmlqmofx? 5f]6f] tLtf]dL7f] b]vfpg], cfbL .
k|fs[lts ;+/If0f ug{ o'jfx?sf] Sna vf]Ng] 7fp“7fpdf . h:t} of]
gfd jf cGo s'g} gfd /fv]/ Our Nature Our Nepal Preservation
Club, Save Nature Club etc……
nlIft bz{sx?M ko{6g Joj;fo;“u ;/f]sf/ /fVg] ;a}, ljb]zLx? .
clg Tof] bfO{n] eGg'eof]–t}n] eGb}df dfG5 xf]nf s0f{ zfSo . slt ljhL dfG5] xf] jxf“
. o:tf] ;fgf] s'/fdf clNemG5 / To:tf] 7"nf] dfG5] . clg o:tf] ;fgf] sfd u5{ / st}
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;'gfpg] s'/f ubf{ bfO{n] eGg'eof] c“ t“nfO{ e]6\g] ;do 5 xf]nf lg s0f{ zfSo;“u n n
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tkfO{nfO{ ;Demgf ug{ r'Sg] 5}g .
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tkfO{sf] k|F1Ls s'/fnfO{ cfTd;fy ub{} leqL?kdf ;Nnfx lng uO/x]sf] lyP .
To;avt, lsgsL zfZjttf clt g} lk|ts/ x'G5, Tof] tkfO{sf] ^) cf} cj;/sf]
hGdhoGtL ljz]if xf]; jf a]g]h/ e'§f] l;tsf] xft ldnfp]g k|zË xf];\ . clZnntfnfO{
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xf] oxL s'/f dnfO{ dgk5{ .
s]an cIf/df v'n]sf] dfG5] afx\o, Jojxf/df v'Ng ;Sb}g jf c;xh x'G5
t/ tkfO{sf] dfdnfdf o;f] ePg, tkfO{ zfAbLs ?kd} v'Ng' eof] . Hf;/L cIf/sf] nf6f]
efiffdf Psfnfk x'g'x'GYof] . of] ;+of]u sf] ckjfb yf]/}df nfu' x'G5 . Tof] tkl;ndf
x'g;S5, z+s/ nfld5fg] x'g;S5, Tof] b]jsf]6f x'g;S5 . oxf“ d tkfO{nfO{ dgf]dfgL
tyfslyt elQm b]vfO/x]sf] 5}g, egLx?sf] kbjfnfx?sf] rfs8L / elQmufg ufpg]
alnof] k/Dk/f xfd|f] g]kfnsf] ;Df:ofdfq geO{ ljZJfsf] ;d:of xf], cft+sjfbsf] ;'Id
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clwsf/ xf], o;nfO{ oxL t/fh'df /fv]/ tf}ng' xf]; . x'g;S5 tyslyt a}1flgs
kl/0ffd b]Vg'x'g]5 .
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t/ cf]h:jL cfTdfsf] cjz]if oxL ;dfhdf ;lhj 5 pgn] eg]sf lyP kfgL /
Kof;sf] k|zËnfO{ hf]8]/, s] kfgL lkpg] ;a}n] H20 sf] kmd{"nf hfg]s} x'g'k5{ / π Tof]
t df}tstfsf] gfddf go“f ;[hgf eGg nufP/ 3f]SgnfO{ afx\o agfOof] . o;nfO{
rNtLsf] lj1fg elgG5 . t/ of] x}g sL of] kmd{'nf / Kof;;“u s'g} tfnd]n 5, ;f]xL
?kdf dnfO{ klg tkfO{sf] lghL lhjg / ;DkGgtfsf] af/]df 1fg lyPg,
;f]r cWoogkZrft w]/}n] tkfO{nfO{ b'Oj6f cy{df pEofpnfg t/ d n]vs

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sfd u5{g eg] cjZo of] k':ts k|Voft n]vs 8]n sf/g]uL, :j6]df6{]g h:tf
Jofj;foLs ;[hgfsf/sf] ?kdf lng ;lsG5 . Tof] csf{] s'/f eof] t/ d]/f] dgf]b;f
s]an efjgfs]f lsgf/} lsgf/ ljr/0f ul//x]sf] 5, s'g} kkm{]S6 lxGbL l;g]df h:tf]
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;f/ut a'emfO{kZrft cfpg] lhjgsf] kl/efiff xf] oxL v'Nnfkg tkfO{sf] dnfO{
cfTdLo nfUof] . Pp6f c+u|hL klqsfn] b'Ohgf d}n] lrg]sfx?sf] k|ltlqmof 5fk]sf]
lyof], A journey to the self sf] n]vs n'gf >]i7 / Gurukul Theater sf xQfsQf
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pgLx?sf] k|ltlqmof klg a]Unf a]Un} 5 . ;a};“u d ldNg ;lSbg, s]an lasf;
sfo{stf{, s]an of]hgstf{, k|frLs Jofkf/L, cflb cflbsf] pkdf / cn+sf/ tkfO{sf
ofjt klxrfg cjZo x'g d]/f lrghfgsf ;fyLx?sf] b[li6df t/ dnfO{ s] of] ToxL
JolQm xf] !(^% df cGgk"0f{sf] af/]df e]6LPsL PGufsf k]8/;g l;tsf] dfbstf /
s]xL sfnkZrft sf]kgx]ug hf“bf e]6LPsL PGufsf] oyfy{ s]nfpg] pxL s0f{ zfSo xf] .
a}+ss a;fOdf /fdz+s/ >]i7 / g/l;+x axfb'/ >]i7sf] cfTdLotk|lt efj's x'g] s0f{
zfSo, >LdtL;“u >Ln+sfdf hf“bfsf] /f]df~rs kn j0f{g ug{] pxL xf] t < lelh6
g]kfn, 6'“l8v]n, jfs j yfg, :jKg au}+rf, SofG;/ c:ktfn cflb lgdf{0f k|j4{gdf
k|dv" tf lbg] s0f{ zfSo / >LdtL ;fg'5f]/Lsf] æklt klTg PSn} x'“bf klg slxNo}
zfnLgtf, lzi6tf / eb|tf ggf£g]Æ elg ljj/0f lbg] ulDe/ >Ldfg s0f{
zfSo====pmkm=== slt cfb|tf 5 lhjgsf w]/} w]/} ;“u;“u}sf lj/fd df]8x?df–slxNo}
gyfSg], ;':s]/fnfO{ afgL eGg] clg sfG5f] 5f]/fsf] cfkm'k|ltsf] df]xnfO{ cWof/f]df PSn}
;':tfpg], cfºgf]kgsf] v'nf;f ug{ g8/fpg] cys of]4f s0f{ zfSosf] efjgfdf r9]/,
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cfkm}klg s'g} Ps x' sL t π x]/f} k|s[ltsf] lgTotfdf s0f{ zfSo d cl3 g} x/fP klg
pm h:t} cys 3f]8rl9 ag]/ gof prfOdf k'u]/ o'unfO{ cfºgf] of}jgsfnsf] ;+of]usf]
of] syf jfrg ug{]5' . cfOG;6fOgn] ufGwLsf] ;Dj]bgfdf kf]v] em} d tkfO{dfly
kf]Vg]5' . w]/}nfO{ of] sfNklgs nfUnf .
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d'n'ssf] k|j4gdf x/fpg] dL7f] :jefjnfO{ lr/sfn;Dd d / cGo z'elrGtsx?
tkfO{sf] cr{gf ul/g} /xg] 5g\ . eGg'ePsf] lyof] zlgjf/ jf s'g} km';{bdf nfdf] s'/f
u/f}nf . eg]/, t/ dnfO{ tkfO{ s]an d]/f] lgDtL s'/f ug{] ;do lbg'xf]; eGg ;Sg]
IFdtf d df ePg . To;}n] tkfO{sf] kmf]gsf] k|ltIffdf a;], h]xf]; s'g} lbg ;+of]u k¥of]
eg] xfdL cjZo e]6g] g} 5f}, cGoyf of] lrGtg / efj'stfsf] sf]dntf aGwg lk8f g}
ePklg Pp6f clhj cfgGb k|bfg ubf{]/x]5 . d o'jf x', jRrf duh 5, kqdf w]/}
uNtL x'g;S5, Tof] d]/f] clek|fo xf]Og, xftn] Pp6f n]Vg;S5, efjgfn] 8f]¥ofPsf]
s'/fnfO{ oxL ;Demg'xf]nf .
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ufpn]nfO{ ;xof]u ug{} 5g\ . ltgLx?sf] cy{k"0f{ of]hgfdf tkfO{sf] blessing k'uf];,
zfob ca xfdL . d tkfO{sf] pd]/df cfpbf;Dd, clxn] tkfO{nfO} g]kfn vQd eof],
a]sf/ 5 oxf“ s]xL 5}g eGg] y]uf]sf] lgbfg ug{;S5' . clg tkfO{nfO{ nfUnf ====k[YjL
kf/Lsf] :jKg b]zaf6 lbJobz{g ug{'x'g]5 oxf“sf] c:ktfnsf] ‰ofnaf6 b]lvPsf]
bz{gsf] jo:s ?kdf . oxL sfdgf ;dfhsf xfdL ;a}sf] xf] .
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sfd u/]/ b]vfpg' ePsf] 5 . s0f{ zfSon] Pp6f ;dfhzf:qLsf] ?kdf klg cfkm'nfO{
k|:t't ug{' ePsf] 5 . xfd|f] ;dfhdf s]xL ljs[ltx?, lj;+ultx?, lj/f]wfefifx?,
lje]bx? / lj8Dagfx? slxn]sfxL+ b]vfkg{' :jefljs xf] . Pp6f ;fy{s / ;sf/fTds
;f]r ePsf ;f/yLn] ;dfh?kL uf8Lsf] ;kmtfk"j{s ;+rfngdf cfºgf] e"dLsf lgjf{x
ug{' klg plts} cfjZos x'G5 . pxf“n] g]kfnL ;dfhsf] :j?k / ;+/rgfnfO{ lgofn]/
cfºgf] lgisif{ lgDg k+lQmx?df kf]Vg'ePsf] 5 M–æd}n] of] ;dfhdf sltko o:tf
kl/jf/ / JolQmx? b]v]sf] 5' hf] cfºgf] jo:s afa'nfO{ klg cfºgf] kfl/jfl/s ;Dklt
Pj+ ;fdflhs :jfy{sf nflu ljjfx ug{ /f]lslbG5g\ . ljr/f afa' lhGbuLe/ PSnf]
lhGbuL af“Rg' kg{] afWotfdf x'G5 . 5f]/f5f]/Ln] g cfºgf] j'jfcfdfsf] x]/ljrf/ u5{g g
c?x?nfO{ pgLx?sf] x]/ljrf/ ug{ nufp“5g\ . of] xfd|f] ;dfhsf] Pp6f cK7\of/f] oyfy{
xf], lj8Dagf xf] .Æ s0f{ zfSo k"0f{ dfgjtfjfbL pBf]uklt x'g'x'G5 . pxf“ cfºgf
;fyLx?nfO{ ;Sbf] ;xof]u / cfjZos ;/;Nnfx lbgdf sGh':ofO{ ug{'x'Gg . ;fyLx?
b'vdf 5g egL pxf“ ;w} ;xof]usf] nflu cufl8 ;g{' pxf“ sf]l;; ug{'x'G5 .=======
pxf“sf] dfgj clwsf/jfbL :j/ klg oxf“ ;'Gg ;lsG5M–æslxn] sfxL gf]s/x?nfO{
3'“8fdfly p7fp“g' x'“b}g gq 6fpsf]df 6]Sg cfp“5g eGg] :jfyL{x?sf] s'/f ;'Gbf d]/f]
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pxf“l;t cleGg ldq aGg k'u]sf 5g=======
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k'/:sf/ kfPsf] 5 . h]7 !@ ut] ;DalGwt ;df/]fxdf lgDtf] dfGg k'Ubf 9f]s}df kms{b}
u/]sf] Ps ;flxTosf/;“u e]6 eof] . ;f]w]+, æcfpg] a]nfdf lsg kmls{g nfUg' eof] <Æ
pgn] d'v ljufb{} eg], æo:tf] ;df/f]xdf s] j:g' hx“f cfof]hssf], n]vssf], ;Dk"0f{
pkl:yt ;flxTok|]dLx?sf] dfq} xf]Og, :jod\ ;/:jtLsf];d]t ckdfg x'G5 .Æ
lhNn kb{} d}n] ;f]w],æs] eof] To:tf] <Æ pgn] eg],æsfo{qmd ev{/} z'? eof] .Æ
cfof]hsn] ljlzi6x?nfO{ d~rdf af]nfp“b} 5g\ . d~rdf cf;g u|x0f ug{ af]nfOPsf
b'O6f kf/sf]6] ;flxlTos d7fwLzx?n] d~rdf hfg c:jLsf/ u/], lsgeg] Tox“f sf]xL
dGt/L ;Gt/L lyPg . dGt/L ;Gt/L ePsf] eP ;aeGbf ;fv'Nn] x'g], rfs/L ahfpg]
ltg} x'Gy] . ltg}n] To;f] u/]sf] d}n] w]/} 7fp“df b]v]sf] 5' . ox“f eg] k'/:s[t n]vs
nufotsf lj4fgx?sf] Nffddf a:bf pgLx?sf] a]OHhtL x'g] /] . To:tf] ;efdf a:g'
a]OHhlt 7fg]/ lx“8]sf] x'“ .Æ of] lyof] af/ P;f]l;P;gsf] e¥ofª\ tnsf] jftf{ . d dfly
plSn“bf d~h'n d~rdf cf;g u|x0f ub{} lyP . pgnfO{ d~rdf n]vs /
cfof]hsx?;“u a:bf a]OHht x'G5 h:tf] nfu]g5 . d~h'ndf Tolt gd|tf / ljj]s
/x]5 . ;f]r k|sflzt ePsf] cf7 dlxgf eP5 / o;}aLr o; k':tssf] kf“rf}+ ;+:s/0f
lgsfNb} /x]5 . Tof] cfkm}+df k|ltdfg xf] . d}n] Ps} rf]l6 ;'?b]lv cGt;Dd k9]sf yf]/}
dWo] x'g k'Uof] of] k':ts . of] k':ts pgsf nflu j/bfg x'g]5, h;n] 6'“l8v]n
jl/kl/nfO{ g} ;+;f/ b]v–] a'em]sf 5g\ . ælsg n]v] d}n] of] lstfjÆ eGg] klxnf] n]vdf
s0f{ zfSo n]V5g\, æsydsbflrt d]/f] of] b]z gs{} eof] eg] klg, o;leq d}n] :ju{
vf]Hg} k5{ .Æ pgsf] hLjg, sd{ / ;f]rsf] dd{ oxL Ps jfSon] 5n{ª\u kf5{ .
;+/If0fljb\ / k|z+;gLo ;+/If0fsdL{ zfSo n]V5g, æ;+/If0f s;sf nflu < ;+/If0f
jf:tjdf dflg;sf nflu g} xf] . dflg;sf] cfjZostfnfO{ kG5fP/ ;+/If0fdfq ug{'
s'g} b[li6n] Jofjxfl/s x'“b}g,Æ k[i7 -!)!_ . ljifo / sd{sf] c1fgtfn] ubf{ d o;
dt;“u ;xdt 5}g . o; ljrf/n] dg'ionfO{ ;+;f/sf] ef]u ug{ d o; dt ;“u ;xdt
5}g . o; ljrf/n] dg'ionfO{ ;+;f/sf] ef]u ug{] Ps dfq clwsf/L 7x¥ofp“5 . o;
k+lQmsf/sf] ljrf/df ljZj ;a} r/ / cr/sf] xf] cyf{t\ k|f0fL / ck|f0fLsf] klg xf] /
;Df:t r/fr/ ;“frf] ;+/If0fsf ;/f]sf/jfnf x'g\ . of] a]Un} s'/f xf] ls ;+;f/df clxn]
dflg; gfds hGt'sf] ;fd|fHo 5 / c? ;a} k|f0fL / ck|f0fLnfO{ p;n] cfˆgf] :jfy{ /
nfn;f cg'?k pkof]u –pkef]u u5{ .
o; b]znfO{ p“ef] nufpg pTs[i6 sfof{Gjog x'g'kg{], ePsf / x'g g;s]sf]

;f]rx?n] of] k':ts el/Psf] 5 . o; k':tssf] cfTdfdf b]zsf] jt{dfg b'b{zf 5 /
To; b'b{zfaf6 d'lQmsf nflu ;sf/fTds ;f]r lnP/ cufl8 a9\g' kg{] pkb]z xf]Og,
pbfx/0fx?sf] k|r'/tf 5 . tfklg sltko a'“bfdf 5nkmn ug{ ;lsG5, h'g :jfefljs
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xf] . log} s'/f;“u hf]l8Psf c? b'O{ s'/f 5g\ . tL x'g\, ljutsf] !@ jif{] ax'bnLo
nf]stGq / To;sf lj;ª\ult cyf{t ;kmntf / c;kmntfx? . ;Dk'0f{ lstfjdf
n]vssf] nf]stGqk|ltsf] k|uf9 cf:yf b]lvG5 / 5f]6} cjlwdf g]kfnL nf]stGqn] k|fKt
u/]sf ;kmntfdfly ljZjf; klg . cfhsf] d'n ;d:ofsf] jf sltkosf] ljrf/df d'n
;dfwfgsf] Pp6f d'Vo sf/s dfcf]jfbL ;z:q cfGbf]ngn] l;h{gf u/]sf] cj:yf xf] .
t/, dfcf]jfbL zAb ;DejtM o; k':tsdf s]an Ps 7fp“df cfp“5, k[i7 @&( df, Tof]
klg Ps sfNklgs k|;ª\udf .========oL ;a} lrq cfkm} af]n]sf 5g, c;Lldt zAb /
efjgf;lxt . t}klg clGtdaf/] ;fgf] l6Kk0fL s] eg] g]kfn clxn] ;f]rsf] cefjn]
cfzf}ru|:t 5 . cfzf}r gdfGg]x?sf nfuL klg of] ;+s6u|:t 5 . uPsf] k“fr–bz

jif{df xhf/f}+sf] dfgj lgld{t xTof ePsf] 5 / k|ToIf cfzf}rn] nfvf}+nfO{ ?jfPsf] 5
. ;d:t b]z åGå / låljwfu|:t ljifd Hj/kLl8t 5 . hf] tLa| kLl8t x'G5g\, ltgdf
;sf/fTdstfeGbf a9L gs/fTdstf x'G5 . t/, s] o; cj:yfdf l;h{gf ug{]
;/f]sf/jfnfx?df slxNo} s0f{ zfSosf] h:tf] ;sf/fTds ;f]rsf] pbo xf]nf < ;+ejtM
x'“b}g . lsgeg] s0f{ zfSo ;8sdf 5g\ / tL ;/]fsf/jfnfx? s'g} g s'g} lsl;dn]
;Qfdf jf ;Qf ;Defjgfsf] v]ndf . ;8ssf] dfG5]n] b]v]sf] s'/f ;Qfsf] r'nLdf
k'u]sf] cyjf ;Qfsf] ;kgfdf /x]sfn] b]Vb}g . b]Vg] eP o:tf] x'g] lyPg .=========
Pp6f o:tf] df}lns sfo{qmd

uf]/vfkq, k':ts ljdf]rg
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ug{ vf]Hof] eg] gx'g] s] 5 < b]z t vQd eO;Sof] eg] clg cfˆgf]
:yfgaf6 s]xL klg gug{]x?nfO{ ;f]Rg cfu|x ul/Psf] 5–ko{6gljb\ s0f{ zfSosf] k':ts
…;f]rÚsf] ;fj{hlgsLs/0f ;df/f]xdf . cj;/ eg]sf] c?n] vflhlbg] xf]Og cfkm}+n]
agfpg] xf]–of]hgfljb\ 8f=xs{ u'?ªn] eGg'eof] . csf]{ of]hgfljb\ 8f=df]xgdfg ;}+h'n]
cj;/ / r'gf}tLsf] 9f]sf Ps}rf]6L v'Ng] pNn]v ub{} eGg'eof]– s:tf] lsl;dsf] g]kfn
agfpg] To:t} agfpg ;lsG5, Tof] g]kfnL dfly g} lge{/ 5 t/ To;sf] nflu
;sf/fTds ;f]rsf] h?/t kb{5 . go“f k':tfdf gsf/fTds ;f]+rn] k|e'Tj hGdfPsf]k|lt
lrGtf JoQm ub{} ;}+h'n] lehgnfO{ ld;gdf abNg ;Sg'kg{] ;'emfj lbg'eof] .
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cjsfz kfp“b}g–kqsf/ e}/j l/;fn eGg' x'G5 . k':tssf n]vs s0f{ zfSon] b]z
åGåu|:t aGb}df lg/fz x'g'kg{] cj:yf g/x]sf] wf/0ff /fVg' x'G5 . åGåsf] :yfoL
;dfwfg vf]Hg'kg{] atfp“b} zfSon] eGg'eof]–åGå gePsf] 7fp“ sx“f 5 < k|hftGqdf g}
åGå klg ljsf; x'g] / o;af6 efu]/ ;dfwfg gx'g] klg zfSosf] egfO{ lyof] . g/s
leq}af6 :ju{ vf]Hg'k5{, of] vf]Hg] sfd klg g]kfnLs} yfKnf]df 5====Pslbgdf g]kfnLn]
cf};t ljb]z df]x a9]sf] k|lt zfSon] eGg'eof], æxfdLn] xfd|f] b]zsf] t'ngf
:jL6\h/Nof08;“u u/]/ x“'b}g g]kfndf ^! jif{ ;Dddf cfˆgf] Psk};f klg grf]l/Psf],
gx/fPsf] / s;}n] Ps yKk8 klg glxsf{Psf] pNn]v ub{} px“fn] cfˆgf] cg'ej ;'gfpg'
eof]–/f]d h“fbf rf/} k6s d]/f] kfs]6 dfl/of], ;Eo elgPsf] cd]l/sfdf t 5'/f b]vfP/}
k};f dfluof] . go“f go“f of]hgfsf ;'qwf/ zfSon] cfˆgf] k':tssf] ;fj{hlgsLs/0f
klg gf}nf] z}nLdf g} ug{'eof] . ;f] k':tssf] ljdf]rg g dGqLn] u/], g t s'g} g]tf jf
ljåfg elgg]x?n] g} ==========afudtL ;kmf ug{df lbgsf] * b]lv !@ 306f vlr{g] &*
jifL{o afUdtLsf dLt eujfgbf; dfgGw/n] ;f] k':tsnfO{ ;fj{hlgs ug{'ePsf] lyof] .
lj=;+=!(*& df cfˆgf] afn] jfudtL;“u dLt nufO lbPkl5 g} afudtLnfO{ dfof ug{
yfn]sf dfgGw/ @))^ ;fnb]lv lg/Gt/ ?kdf 6]s'bf]efgdf jfudtL ;kmf ub{}
cfpg'ePsf] 5 . ;fwf/0f dflg;af6 k':ts ljdf]rg u/fpg'sf] /x:o vf]Nb} zfSon]
eGg' eof]–æb]zsf] eljio agfpg] lhDdf kfPsf dGqLx?nfO{ k':ts ljdf]rg ug{ d}
rf/ kf“r 306f e'Nofpg' pgLx?k|ltsf] cGofo xf] .Æ
lul/hfafa'sf] x“f;f] df]gfln;fsf] h:tf]

cAb'Nnfx ldof“
ldof“, /fhwfgL -@)^!.)
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sf]O/fnfnfO{ df]gfln;fsf] d':sfg;“u b“fh]sf 5g\ eg] k|wfgdGqL z]/ axfb'/ b]pjfnfO{
…dxfg JolQmÚ eg]/ . rqmk|;fb af:tf]nfb]lv s]zj :yflkt / lkPnl;+x klg k|+z;fsf
kfq ag]sf 5g\ zfSos]f k':tsdf======= s;}n] k':tsdf k|z+;f a9L ePsf] l6Kk0fL u/]
t s;}n] cfjZos klg 7fg] . k'':ts ljdf]rg :yndf x“f;f]sf] nx/ dfq rn]g,
d~rdf uP/ a9L ;do af]n]s]fdf Ps–csf{] l6Kk0fLstf{aLr 3f]rk]r klg TolQs} eof]
. sfo{qmd ;~rfnsn] ;'?jft d} sl/a $% ldg]6 efif0f u/]kl5 l6Kk0fL ug{ d~rdf
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k'u]sf jl/i7 kqsf/ e}/j l/;fnn] dfOs kfp“bf t g5f]8\g] dfG5]n] /fhgLlt
u/]=======/fHo s] a“fsL /xGYof]Ú egL ;~rfnsnfO{ Joª\Uo u/] . Tof] ;'g]/ sfo{qmd:yn
TolQs} x“f;f]do aGg k'Uof] . ;~rfns klg s] sd lyP / . pgn] klg cfkm'
…k/Dk/fut pb\3f]ifsÚ h:tf] gePsf] / n]vs zfSosf ;xkf7L …ldqsf gftfn] dfq
sfo{qmd ;~rfns u/]sf] egL Joª\UofTds hjfkm lbg kl5 k/]gg\ . t/, Toltn] dfq
sx“f kf/ kfpg' . c?nfO{ sd zAbdf af]Ng eGb} cfkm}+nfO{ d~rdf a9L ;do af]n]sf
sf/0f ;a}sf] hjfkmL sf/jfxL ef]Ug' k¥of]======== k':tssf] l6Kk0fL ug{ d~r k'u]sf
of]hgfljb\ 8f= xs{ u'?ª\n] klg d~rdf k'Ug] ljlQs} klxnf] egfOdf >]i7nfO{ g} k|xf/
ul/xfn]–…sfo{qmd ;~rfns geP/ s] t sfo{qmd ;]8'cndf df:6/ ckm ;]/]df]gL
n]lvPsf] k|df0f lyof] . 8f= u'?ªn] cfkm'eGbf cl3 af]n]sf e}/j l/;fnnfO{ klg TolQs}
JoªUo u/] . ljdf]lrt k':tsdf …km/ cf]8{Ú n]lvPsf] /x]5 -l/;fnn] k':tssf] s]xL zAb
eg]/ !* k]h n]lvPsf]df_ c7f/j6f k]hdf, d}n] klg ;f]r] km/cf]8{ k9\g'eGbf zfSosf]
k':ts k9\g plrt xf]nf / k':ts kl9;s] ca r“fxL e}/jsf] s]xL zAb k9\g'knf{ .
pgsf] k':tssf] l6Kk0fL klg /f]rs kf/fn] u/] . k':tsssf] gfd ;f]r /flvPsf] k|lt
Jo+Uo ub{} pgn] eg]–…c? prfn]/ k5f5{g\, d k5f/]/ prfN5' .Ú …rf]/ / 8“fsfx?n] dfq
3f]l/P/ ;f]R5g\ . c;n dfG5]n] t ;f]Rb}gg\ To;}n] k':tssf] gfd …;sf/fTds ;f]rÚ
/fVg' plrt x'GYof],Ú 8f= u'?ªsf] ;'emfj lyof] . To;sf] hjfkm klg n]vsn] /fd|}l;t
lbP . lx;fa ubf{ lbgel/df @) ?k}o“fsf] vfg]s'/f vfO“bf]/x]5 . Toltsf nflu lsg 7uL
sfd ug{', lsg rfs/L / rfKn';L ug{', tyf dfG5]nfO{ k“m;fpg'======== xf] o:t} x“f;f] /
JoªUoaLr zlgjf/ ;DkGg ePsf] 5, zfSoåf/f lnlvt k':ts …;f]rÚ . ljdf]rg
sfo{qmd klg /fhwfgLdf lbgx'“ x'g] k':ts ljdf]rg sfo{qmdeGbf km/s k|s[ltsf] .
ljdf]rgsf nflu s'g} dGqL / pRr cf]xbfsf JolQmnfO{ nfluPsf] lyPg . ljut k“fr
bzsb]lv jfudtLsf] ;kmfOdf h'6]sf &* jifL{o eujfgbf; dfgGw/n] ljdf]rg u/] .
…hgtfsf] sfd ug{'kg{] dGqLnfO{ sfo{qmddf af]nfP/ ;do v]/ kmfNg' plrt gePsf]n]
d}n] px“FnfO{ af]nfPsf] x'“, zfSon] ;'gfP .
gsf/fTdstfnfO{ gfO“
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k':tsdf s0f{n] ;a}eGbf /fd|f] hjfkm eg] gsf/fTds ;f]r /fVg]x?nfO{
lbPsf 5g\ . gsf/fTds ;f]rsf sf/0f d'n's cK7\of/f] kl/l:yltdf k/]sf atfp“5g\
pgL . pgL pgsf] k':tsd} cª\u|]hLdf e"ldsf n]Vg] clgn lrqsf/sf] egfO{ ;fk6L
lng] xf] eg] cfd g]kfnLsf] ;d:of k/]kl5 s'd v'DRofP/ …s] ug{] <Ú eGg] afgLnfO{
/fd|f] hjfkm x'g\ s0f{ zfSo . s0f{ zfSosf] …;f]rÚ k9\bf x/]s kf7ssf] dgdf Pp6f
:jefljs k|Zg p7\5 …sx“faf6 cfp“bf x'g\ of] dflg;sf] lbdfudf < Tolt w]/} df}lns
ljrf/x?, go“f–go“f / ;sf/fTds ;f]rx? <Æ t/, of] k':ts k9]kl5 yfxf x'G5, cfˆgf]
Ps d'7L cfsf/sf] lbdfunfO{ uDeL/tf ;fy v]nfpg] xf] eg] o:tf w]/} s'\/fx? cfp“5g\
. t/, ltgnfO{ lglZrt lbzf lbg h?/L x'G5 . ltgsf] ;kmn sfof{Gjog klg plQs}
cfjZos 5 . t/ Toltn] dfq klg s0f{ zfSo algb}g . x'g t of] k':tsnfO{ zfSon]
cfˆgf] cfTdsyf dfg]sf 5}gg\, g pgn] o;nfO{ ofqf ljj/0f g} dfg]sf 5g\, t/ of]
b'j} xf], zfSosf] cfTdsyf / ofqf ljj/0f======
sf] x'g\ t s0f{ zfSo < Jofkf/Lsf] 5f]/f, jgclws[t, k|s[lt ;+/If0fsf
cleg]tf, lrtjg /fli6«o lgs'~hsf jsfntstf{ / To;sf] ;LdfÍgstf{, Pp6f
/rgfTds Joj;foL, 7d]nnfO{ 7d]n agfpg] dfG5], sf7df8f}+ u]i6 xfp;sf dflns,
SofG;/ c:ktfnsf hGdbftf, g]kfn e|d0f jif{sf ;fy{sstf{, 6'“l8v]nsf] km/flsnf]
;8ssf kl/sNkgfsf/ cflb OToflb jf Pp6f a'l4sf] e“f8f] -lyª\s 6\ofª\s _ < of]
k':tsn] lbg] pQ/ xf] – jf:tjdf s0f{ zfSo Pp6f lyª\s 6\ofª\s x'g\, h;n] k|z:t
…cfOl8ofÚx? hGdfp“5g\ / ltgnfO{ pgsf] Jofkfl/s j+zfg'ut u'0fn] lehfP/
sfof{Gjog ug{ ;S5g\ . tL ljrf/ sfof{Gjog u/fpgdf pgL x/]s pkfo nufp“5g\,
w}o{ 5f8\b}gg\ / vl6/xG5g\ . …;f]rÚ k9\bf yfxf x'G5, pgsf] sltko ;f]rx? t'?Gt}
sfof{Gjog ePsf 5g\, sltsf] sfof{Gjogsf nfuL pgn] jiff}{;Dd w}o{ ug{'k/]sf klg
5 ===========
csf{] Pp6f s'/f s] :ki6 x'G5 eg] hlt g} ;kmn, ;sf/fTds /

cfTdljZjf;L eP klg pgL xfdL h:t} 5g\, b'Mvdf ?g], cQflng] clg km]l/ ;Dxflng]
clg ;'vdf v'zL x'g] . km/s olt xf], pgL b'MvnfO{ la;{b}gg\ / To:tf] b'Mv c?nfO{
gk/f];\ eg]/ sfdgf ub{} To;df ;dfwfg vf]H5g\ . cfˆgL wd{kTgL SofG;/sf sf/0f
d[To' ePkl5 To;sf] ljsf; clg lbuf]kgsf nflu r'/f]6sf] x/]s lvNnLdf …s/Ú
p7fpg] a[l4 lgsfn] pgn] / To;sf] sfof{Gjog u/fO5f8] pgn] . t/, pgL cfkm}+nfO{
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SofG;/ ePsf] cfzª\sf hGd]kl5 cQflnP, pgdf ghflgb“f ghflgb}“ klg hLjg k|ltsf]
df]x b]lvof], a}+ss k'u] / ToxL+ pgn] hLjgsf] lbJobz{g e]6]===========jf:tjdf pgL
Pp6f OdfGbf/ n]vs x'g jf cem} egf}+ pgL Pp6f ;f]emf n]vs x'g\ . Ps 7fp“df pgL
k|bLk lul/nfO{ …clt{ lbg] t/ sfd ug{ g;Sg]Ú eg]/ 5\of:5g clg ToxL+ cfkm'
k|wfgdGqL eP s] ug{] eGg] JofVofg klg 5“f65g\ .
csf{] 7fp“df sf7df8f}+nfO{ s;/L ;'Gb/ agfpg] s'/f u5{g\, clg km]l/
sf7df8f}+sf] d]o/ aGg] k|:tfa cfp“bf cfkm' efu]sf] s'/f klg u5{g\ . Pp6f af7f]
n]vsn] o:tf afem\g] vfnsf s'/f rt'¥ofO“sf ;fy n'sfp“5, t/ pgn] To;f] u/]sf
5}gg\ . =======k':tsdf pgn] ;a}eGbf /fd|f] hjfkm eg] gsf/fTds ;f]r /fVg]x?nfO{
lbPsf 5g\ . pgsf] k':tsd} cª\u]|hLdf e"ldsf v]Ng] clgn lrqsf/sf] egfO{ ;fk6L
lng] xf] eg] cfdg]kfnLsf] ;d:of k/]kl5 s'd v'DRofP/ …s] ug{] <Ú eGg] afgLnfO{
/fd|f] hjfkm x'g\ s0f{ zfSo . pgL;“u ;d:ofsf ;w}+ hjfkm x'G5, s'g} g s'g} pkfo
x'G5 geP pgL lbdfu lvofpg yfN5g / ;dfwfgsf] ;sf/fTds pkfo vf]H5g /
To;nfO{ sfof{Gjog u5{g\ ==
pgn] g]kfnsf ;d:ofaf6 knfog eP/ ljb]zlt/ …:ofG8ljrÚ a]r]/ wgL x'g]
clg g]kfnaf/] gsf/fTds l6Kk0fL ug{]x?nfO{ klg of] k':tsdf w]/} 7fp“df 5\of;]sf
5g\ . pgsf] ljrf/df, …Ifdtfjfg g]kfnLn] b]zsf] ;Lldt cfly{s kl/j]]zdf ;w}+
u'lD;P/ a:g' kg{] eGg] d]/f] cfzo xf]Og . ljb]zdf uP/ cfly{s / af}l4s nfe lng
;lsG5 eg] Tof] cj;/sf] pkof]u ug{'k5{ . t/, eljiodf ljb]zaf6 cfh{g u/]sf tL
;Lk / IfdtfnfO{ cfˆgf] hGde"lddf pkof]u ug{'k5{ . cGoyf dft[e"ldsf] ef/ nfU5 .
pgn] o;f] eGg' k5fl8sf] sf/0f klg 5, slxNo} gsf/fTds ;f]r g/fVg] pgn]
ljb]zdf g]kfnLs} d'vaf6 g]kfnaf/] k|z:t gsf/fTds s'/f ;'g]sf 5g\ / To;nfO{
pgL knfogjfbLx?sf] s'07f eGg ?rfp“5g\ .
======pgsf] k':tssf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] ljz]iftf s] xf] eg] ==== d'n'snfO{ ;z:q
åGån] u“fh] klg g]kfnsf] ;'gf}nf] eljiosf] cfzf b]vfPsf 5g\ pgn] . h]xf];\, of]
k':tsn] zfSosf] Pp6f kIfsf]dfq klxrfg ePsfx?nfO{ pgsf ;a} kIfaf/] hfgsf/L
lbg] sfd u/]sf 5 . efiff, l;nl;nfh:tf s'/fnfO{ Wofg glbg] xf] eg] of] jf:tjd}
k9\gnfos k':ts ag]sf] 5, t/ cfufdL ;+:s/0f lgsfNbf efiffut / ljifosf]
qmda4tfdf /x]sf q'l6 x6fpg' cfjZos x'g]5 . t}klg, of] k':tsn] zfSonfO{ /fd|/L g}
lrgfPsf] 5, bLk]Gb| k'?if 9sfnsf] zAb ;fk6L lng] xf] eg],===sd{of]uL eujfg /fds}
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lbg hGd]sf P ;fyL===ltd|f] gfd cfh dnfO{ abNg dg nflu/x]5====x'G5 eg],===ca
ltdLnfO{ s0f{ xf]Og===sd{ zfSo eg"“ .
Psrf]l6 eP klg k9g} k5{

lbk]Gb| k'?if 9sfn,
lxdfn vj/klqsf -!–!%d+l;/, @)^!_
@)^!_
/fi6« lgdf{0fsf nflu ;sf/fTds ;f]r / To; cg';f/sf] Jojxf/n] slt

;zQm e"dLsf lgjf{x u5{ eGg] k[i7e"lddf n]lvPsf] cfTd ljj]rgfsf] ;“ufnf] xf]
k':ts . o;df jl0f{t 36gfqmdx? tt\ ;dod} gn]lvPsf] x'“bf ltgsf] ;'Id kIfdf
s]xL k|efj t cjZo} k/]sf] xf]nf, t/ of] lstfjn] gsf/fTdstfleq klg ;sf/fTds
cj;/x? oy]i6 x'“bf]/x]5g\ eGg] kf7 /fd|/L l;sfp“5 .==========sfd ubf{ ljleGg
JolQmaf6 n]vsn] kfPsf ;xof]u Pj+ c;xof]usf gfnLa]nL klg k':tsdf pNn]v 5 .
======cfkm"n] ljZjf; u/]s} dfG5]x?n] c;xof]u u/]sf] 6'“l8v]n ;8s lj:tf/, nf}g s]xL
u/f}+, 8]9 s/f]8 ?k}+ofdf tLg dlxgfleq sf7df8f}+sf] sfofkn6 h:tf kl/of]hgf
;DaGwL ljj/0fn] g]kfnL ;dfhdf /x]sf n3'tfef;nfO{ lrq0f u/]sf] 5 .===== g]kfndf
sfd ug{ slxNo} ufx|f] k/]g / lgHfL Joj;fo ubf{ u}/ sfg'gL af6f] c“ufNg' klg k/]g
eg]/ uj{ ug{] ;kmn pBdLdf kl/lrt s0f{ zfSo ;w}+ ;kmn eg] ePsf /x]g5g\ .
…Osf]6]nÚ Pj+ …k|hftGqÚ gfds klqsf k|sfzg pgsf] Jofj;flos ljkmntf /x]5 eg]
k|wfgdGqLnfO{ lbPsf] @* a'“b] ;'emfj, …:kf]6\;{ lxdfn Po/ @))!Ú cflb t nfu"
gePsf dfq xf]Ogg\, sltn] t ;'g]sf] klg lyPgf}+ . =======p/G7]pnf] lqmofsnfk ug{
l;kfn' s0f{ zfSon] cfˆgf] sf7df8f}“ u]i6 xfp;df cfh ko{Gt b'Oj6f sf]7f lbgsf] b'O
8n/df a]Rg] u/]sf] / To;df a:g] kfx'gfn] g} sf]7f ;kmf /fVg' kg{] lgod k9\bf /f]rs
nfU5 . …ldtJolotf ckgfpg' k/]sf] sf/0fn] 5f]/Lsf] ljjfxdf af]nfp“g ;lsg“–uf]8w'jf
klg gk7fp“g'xf]nfÚ egL lgdGq0ff sf8{ k7fpg], jg;DaGwL cWoog ubf{sf ef/tLo
;fyLnfO{ …g]kfn cfpmÚ egL lxdf~rn k|b]zsf] cvjf/df lj1fkg 5kfpg] k|;¨ klg
/dfOnf] 5 . ========cfuGt'sx?nfO{ :Jf]R5fn] ?= % b]lv %)) ;Ddsf b/n] lstfj
lsGg nufpg] z}nL klg crDds} xf] . ===========kl/R5]b ( df n]vssf h]7L 5]f/L /
>LdtLnfO{ SofG;/n] nu]sf] j0f{g / cfdf a'4 dfofn] …eujfgn] ltd|f] b'Mv h“flr/x]5g\
km]n x'g'x'GgÚ elg lj≈jn 5f]/fnfO{ 9f8\; lbPsf] k|;¨ lgs} g} sf?l0fs 5 . lgif]lwt
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If]q v'Nnf ug{ x'“b}gYof] eGg] n]vssf] ljrf/k|lt klg ;xdt x'g ;lsb|}g .
=====c7f]6sf] kSsf Pj+ :jfledfgL zfSon] lzsf/ v]Ng 5f]8]sf] / >LdtL ;fd'
c:ktfn z}øofdf r'/f]6 gvfg] egL u/]sf] k|0f cg's/0fLo 5g\ . cfkm'nfO{ k|ToIf jf
ck|ToIf ?kn] ;3fpg] Ps ;o lqof;L hgfsf] -h;dWo] #) hgf ljb]zL_ gfd
k':tssf pNn]v u/]/ n]vsn] ;kmntfsf] >]o ;a}df a“f8\g] ;sf/fTds ;f]r b]vfpg'
;/fxgLo 5 . ;xof]u gug{]x?sf gfd zfnLgtfsf ;fy n'sfp“g pgn] c;kmn k|oTg
u/]sf] klg kf7s dfem 5n{¨ x'G5 . of] lstfj l;WofO{ aGb u/]kl5 nfUof] …lgi7fk"0f{
sd{ u/]sf oL s0f{ zfSonfO{ /fi6«n] ;dfg'kftdf OHht ug{ ;s]sf] /x]g5 . Úof]
k':ts ;a}n] sDtLdf Psrf]l6 eP klg k9g} k5{ .
Nff}g ca ljB't rf]/L gu/f}+

sdn Gof}kfg], hg;+3if{ /fli6«o b}lgs,
a'6jn -@)^#÷*÷$_
g]kfndf d'6' ;/x 5 of] IF]q . ;Dk"0f{ /fhdfu{x?n] hf]8]sf], hxf“af6 klg
glhs kg{], k|z:t kfgL / ;a} k"jf{wf/ k'u]sf], wfld{s b[li6sf]0fn] kljq :yn dflgPsf]
clg b"g / efj/ IF]qsf] df};d ePsf sf/0f t/fO{ eGbf zLtn / kxf8 eGbf Gofgf]===.
oL] dflysf x/km s0f{ zfSon] cfkm\gf] ;f]rsf] kl/R5]b !) df e/tk'/nfO{ d]l8sn
;L6Lsf] ?kdf ljsf; ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] efjgfn] lrtjg lhNnfsf] af/]df kf]Vg' ePsf]
;sf/fTds ;f]r xf] of] s0f{ zfSosf] . pxf“n] cem w]/} s'/f n]Vg' ePsf] 5, cfkmgf]
lstfj ;f]rdf lrtjgsf] af/]df . ;fob s0f{ zfSosf] cfkmgf] sd{e"dL eP/ klg xf]nf
lrtjgnfO{ cf}lw dfof u/]sf] kfpg ;lsG5 ;f]rdf . x'g klg lrtjg pj{/e"dL,
x/fe/f / 3gf hËn, ljleGg hft hfltsf r/fr'?ËLx?, jGohGt'x?sf] af;:yn
gf/fo0fL / /fKtLsf] clj/n snsnfx6 ;kmf jfo'd08n sxL st} vf]6 nufpg] 7fp“ g}
kfO{b}g lrtjgsf k|fs[lts ;'Gb/tfdf . t/ s0f{ zfSosf] ;f]rdf h:tf] dfq kfpg
;lsg d}n] lrtjgsf] d]/f] 5f]6f] a;fO{sf] bf}/fgdf . oxf“ s]xL ljs[lt / lj;+ult klg
d]/f] 5f]6f] a;fO{df kfP“ . tL dWosf] Ps xf] lrtjgdf km:6fPsf] ljB't rf]/L . e/tk'/
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;f]r
gu/kflnsf nufot clwsf+z uflj;x?df lbg bxf8} v'Nnf ?kdf ljB't rf]/L
eO/x]sf] ;lhn} b]Vg ;lsG5, lrtjgdf /ftLdf x'g]nfO{ kf] rf]/L eGg] lbg bxf8} x'g]
rf]/LnfO{ s] eGg] < l;+rfOsf nflu jf6/ kDk, lx6/, l6=eL= nufotsf 3/]n' pks/0f
nufot pBf]u ;d]t ;+rfng e}/x]sf] kfpg ;lsG5 . lrtjgdf ljB't k|flws/0fsf]
#) k|ltzt eGbf al9 x'g] r'xfjt dWo] slt v'Nnf?kdf / slt n'lsl5kL x'g] u5{ Tof]
t k|flws/0fnfO{ g} yfxf xf]nf . o;/L rf]/L ubf{ x'g] 3f6f gug{] OdfGbf/ u|fxssf]
6fpsf]df k5{ ls kb{}g Tof] klg k|flws/0fnfO{ g} yfxf xf]nf . x'g t ljB't rf]/L x'g]
lhNnfdf lrtjg dfq PSnf] xf]Og, ;Ifd, hfu?s lhNnfsf] t of] xfnt 5 eg] cGo
lhNnfx?sf] s] xljut xf]nf <
lrtjg g]kfnsf] Ps cu|0fL lhNnfsf] ?kdf kl/lrt 5, oxf“ x'g] x/]s

lqmofsnfkn] d'n'se/ /fd|f] g/fd|f] ;dfrf/ ;Dk|]if0f ul//x]sf] x'G5 . cem To; dfly
ljb]zL ko{6sx?sf] 3'O“rf] nflu/xg] 7fp“ . ;f}/fxf h:tf] ko{6sx? /Dg] 7fpdf of]
xfnt b]Vbf xfdLnfO{ s] eGbf x'g tL kfx'gfx?n] < ls ljB't rf]/L klg /fKtL gbLdf
b]lvg] ;'of{:tsf] b[Zo h:t} xf] < s] xfdL ef/tsf] ljxf/ /fHo;“u t'ngf ug{] nfossf
eof} t < ca klg lrtjgsf afl;Gbfx?n] l;t}sf] aQL afn]/ b+u kg{] xf] eg] o;df
eGg'kg{] s]xL 5}g t/ o; af/]df ca ;f]Rg] a]nf xf]Og s]xL ug{' kg{] e};s]sf] 5 <
@)^# ;fnsf] cGTolt/ k|f]= klAnssf] cfof]hgf u/]sf] Ps sfo{qmdsf] lgldQ k|d'v
lhNnf clwsf/Ln] ljB't rf]/L /f]syfdsf] nflu k|f]=klAns h:tf] ;+:yfn] ;xof]u k¥of]
eGbf s:tf] nfUof] eg] ljB't k|flws/0fsf sd{rf/Lx?sf] sfd c?n] ksfPsf] vfg]
dfq x'g] eof] . vfg] ;dfgsf] hf]xf] / ksfO{lbg] sfd cGo ;+:yfsf] xf] h:tf] nfUof] .
d}n] ;f]xL cj;/df s'/f p7fPsf] klg lyP t/ Toxf“ pkl:ylt Ps clwsf/Ln] b]zsf]
xfnsf] kl/l:yltnfO{ bf]if nufO{ plDsP . o:tf] 5 sd{rf/Lsf] xfnt ljB't
k|flws/0fdf . b'Mv gul/ vfg kfO{G5 eg] ufp“ ufp“ lsg b'v kfpg] . sd{rf/Lsf]
nfk/jfxL, k|zf;gsf] x]nr]qm\ofO{ sf/0f klg ljB't rf]/Ldf a9f]t/L ePsf] xf] .
s0f{ zfSo cfºgf] ;f]rdf nf}g s]xL u? eg]/ kl/R5]b & df d cfkm'
k|wfgdGqL ePsf s] ug{] lyP eg]/ @( j6f a'“bfx? pNn]v ug{'ePsf] 5 . xfdL
ef/tLo rnlrqsf gfos clgn sk"/n] u/] h:tf] @$ 306fdf b]zsf] cfd"n kl/jt{g
ug{ t ;Sb}gf}, s0f{ zfSosf] h:tf] pbf/ / ;a} If]qdf pxf“n] eg] h:tf] TfTsfn}
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;sf/fTds ;f]rfO{ /fVg g;sf}nf t/ klg xfdLn] xfd|f] ;dfhdf x'g] ljs[lt dWoaf6
s]xL 36fpg ;Sof} eg] klg d'n'ssf] nflu s]xL of]ubfg u/sf] 7x/Lg] 5 . dnfO{
dgkg{] dWo]sf lstfjsf ;f]r / ;f]rsf wlg s0f{ zfSonfO{ dg kg{] :yfgdf lrtjg .
;Dk"0f{ b[li6sf]0fn] cu|0fL lrtjgdf o:tf] ljs[lt x'g' cjZo klg zf]elgo x'“b}g .
oxf“sf a'l4lhjL, gful/s ;dfh tyf hfu?s pkef]Qmfn] ca s]xL ;f]Rg} k5{ lsgsL
@)^# ;fnsf] 36:yfkgfsf] lbg ePsf] b'vb 36gfdf x]lnsK6/df ;jf/ gePsf]
sf/0f pQm b'3{6gfaf6 aRg ;kmn x'g' ePsf ko{6gljb\, pBdL tyf ;dfh;]jL s0f{
zfSon] lrtjgsf] af/]df snd rnfpbf nf}g ca ljB't rf]/L gu/f}+ eGg] kl/R5]b
yKg gk/f]; eGg] d]/f] cfu|x dfq xf] lrtjgjf;Lsf] nflu .
s0f{ zfSosf] …;f]rÚ lgofNbf

lgofN
uf}/Laxfb'/ sfsL{, cGgk'0f{ kf]i6
s0f{ zfSosf] …;f]rÚ gfdsf] s[lt xfn g]kfnL cWoog km“F6df cfPsf] 5 .
hx“f, h;n], h] s'/f u/] klg …g]kfn vQd eO;Sof]Ú eGg] lg/fzfk"0f{ cleJolQm afx]s
s]xL ;sf/fTds s'/f ;'Gg gkfP kl5 s0f{ zfSosf] dgdf cfPsf] c“fwLa]x]/Laf6 g} of]
s[ltsf] l;h{gf x'g k'u]sf] b]lvG5 . xfd|f] b]z g]kfn …vQdÚ eO{;s]sf] 5}g …vQdÚ
eO;Sof] eGg] ;f]r g} …vQdÚ xf] eGg] ;Gb]z px“fn] of] s[ltaf6 lbg vf]Hg'ePsf] 5 .
======x'g t, px“fn] of] s[ltnfO{ cfˆgf] cfTdsyf / e|d0fsf] :d/0f xf]Og eGg' ePsf]
5======;“fRr} eGg] xf] eg] of] s[lt s0f{ zfSosf] hLjgsf] jf;nft eg] x'G5 . ljQLo
;+:yfsf] gfkmf–gf]S;fgsf] w]/} ljj/0f xfdLn] hfGg kfp“5f}===========s0f{n] g]kfnsf] 5fs{f
ef]6b]lv t/fO{sf s'gfsGb/f;Dd k'u]/ jg, jGohGt' / ;Dkbf ;+/If0fsf sfo{df pgsf]
kl/sNkgfn] ;fsf/ ?k lnPsf] b]lvG5 =================/fli6«o lgs'~h jf ;+/If0f If]q
hgtfs]f nflu xf], ;+/If0f If]qsf] nflu hgtf xf]Og\\======hgtfnfO{ afwf k'¥ofP/
;+/If0f ug{] xf]Og, hgtfnfO{ ;'ljwf lbP/ ;+/If0f ul/g'kb{5 eGg] logsf] ;f]r /x]sf]
kfOG5====== psfnf] nfUg] 3f]8fsf] nufdnfO{ 5f]l8lbg' k5{ . ljsf; ug{] dfG5]nfO{ s:g'
x'“b}g eGg] pgsf] ;f]r /x]sf] b]lvG5 . =====of] lstfjdf tfl/kmof]Uo JolQmx?sf] gfd
dfq px“fn] ;dfj]z ug{' ePsf] 5 . sf7df8f}+ dxfgu/kflnsf] nflu Ps ;o Ps a'“b]
ænf} g s]xL u/f}+Æ 6'“l8v]n jl/kl/sf] ;8s km/flsnf] kfg{] ;d]t px“fn] lbPsf] lgMz'Ns
of]hgfsf] k|f?k b'O{ dlxgf;Dd klg gk9]sf] / Tof] of]hgf rfv gb]vfPsf] tYo
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n]v]h:t} px“fn] c?;“usf 5nkmn, sfdsf/f]af/ / Jojxf/;DaGwL ;To / tYo s'/f
n]lvlbg' kb{Yof] . tL 5nkmn / ljrf/ k|jfxdf leGgtf s'g} JolQmut :jfy{sf nflu
lyP . tL leGgtf b]vfO{lbPsf] eP ;dfhsf] nfuL of]ubfg x'GYof], tL t Oltxf;sf
gd]l6g] 36gf x'Gy] ====== ;Tosf] nflu px“fn] hLjgko{Gt u/]sf] ;+3if{ / px“fsf]
cfbz{ljk/Lt o; kIfdf px“f r's]sf] b]lvof] . sf]xL l/;fp“5 eg]/ hLjge/sf] cfbz{ /
;TonfO{ TofUg' Oltxf;nfO{ px“fn] 5f]k]sf] x'g hfG5 ============
g]kfn vQd eGg]x? g} vQd x'g\

dxfgu/
htftt} c/fhstf /x]sf] a]nf Pp6f go“f cfzf, gf}nf] e/f];f / ;Defjgfsf
cgluGtL pkfo ;f]Rg]x? klg gePsf xf]Ogg\ . ko{6g Joj;foL s0f{ zfSon] cfˆgf]
gjk|sflzt k':ts …;f]rÚdfkm{t To:t} go“f b[li6sf]0f /fVg]x?sf] k|ltlglwTj ug{'ePsf]
5 . uha 5–bofn' x'“bf] /x]5 sfn, slxn]sfxL+ 5l/Psf d'6' Ps} 7fp“df ;f/f a6'nL,
;'d;'Dofpg yfNof] 6fpsf d]/f], dfof u/L /f]P“, d aRrf h:t} p;s} sfvdf 3f]K6f] k/L
==========ko{6g Joj;foL s0f{ zfSon] SofG;/ /f]un] cfºgL 5f]/L / >LdtLnfO{ r'8]kl5
efjgfef]/ eO{ sf]/]sf] x/km eP, tfklg jf:tljstfdf oL dfgjLo cfTdfsf ;femf
efjgf x'g\ .==========kfl/jfl/s lj5f]8sf qmddf cfkm}+n] klg d'To'nfO{ glhsaf6
b]lv;s]sf zfSo eG5g\–;dodf xL/f kmf]g{ ;Sg'k5{ eGg] lktfhLsf] lzIff, c?;“u
lng'eGbf c?nfO{ lbg' /dfOnf] x'G5 eGg] dftfs]f pkb]z / cfºgf] clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f
gu/L lbg] dfq ug{' d"v{tf l;jfo s]xL xf]Og eGg] lbbLsf] hLjg bz{gn] d cfh
ox“f;Dd cfOk'u]sf] x'“ .
=======g]kfnsf] vr{df of]Uotf a6'Ng] clg ;]jf eg] ;DkGg d'n'ssf] ug{]
nj:t/f]kg Pj+ of]Uotf v'jL cg'?k hgtfnfO{ sfd lbg] k|of; gug{] ;Qfl;g
g]tfx?sf] sf/0f dfq b]zsf o'jfx?df xLgtfaf]w /x]sf] n]vs zfSosf] bfaL 5 .
zfSo eGg'x'G5,–æPsflt/ b]zn] ef]u]sf] sfk{]G6/, O{n]lS6«l;og, sDKo'6/ ljz]if1,
xf]6ns} s's, ufd{]G6sf] l;nfO{ l;nfO{ ug{] slnu9 nufot cglulGt sfdbf/
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ljb]zaf6 lemsfO /xg'kg{] 5 eg] csf{]lt/ b]zsf o'jf sfd gkfP/ ljb]zLsf] u'nfdL
ug{ nfvf}+ vr{ u/]/ dl/xQ] ub{} hfg] ul//x]sf 5g\ .Æ o:tf] c;dfg kl/l:yltsf] Pp6}
sf/0f 5,–æ;Lkd'ns lzIff, tflndsf] cefj / sfd cg'?k kfl/>lds gkfOg' .Æ s0f{
zfSoåf/f lnlvt k':ts ;f]r af/] k|ltlqmof lb“b} jl/i7 kqsf/ e}/j l/;fn eGg'x'G5,–
æs0f{ zfSo gs{leq :ju{ vf]Hg'k5{ eGg] dfGotf ePsf dfG5] x'g\ .Æ
o'jfx?sf] 9's9'sL
a;Gt kl
kl08t,
08t, xjf{] OG6/g]zgn
Vff]nf au/df y'k|} 9'Ëfx? 5g\ . dlGb/df klg ToxL b'Ëfsf] c+z 5 . dlGb/sf]
b'Ëf k'hgLo 5, t/ au/sf] 9'Ëf x/]ssf] s'NrfO{ vfg afWo 5 . sf/0f d"lt{ aGg Tolt
;lhnf] 5}g . ;a} 9'Ëf d'lt{ aGg ;Sb}gg\ . h'g 9'Ëfn] l5gf] / xDd/sf] rf]6 ;x]/
cfs[tL lbg ;S5, ToxL 9'Ëfdfq} d'lt{ aGg ;S5 / b'lgof“n] k'H5g\ . of] syf 9'Ëfsf]
dfq xf]Og, tkfO{ xfdL dfgj hLjgsf] xf] . a;, h'g dfgjn] lhjgsf] ptf/
r9fjnfO{ kf/ ub{} cfºgf] nfuL dfq geP/, ;du| dfgj hLjgsf] k|]/0ffsf] ;|f]t ag]/
lhp“b5, ToxL dfjgdfq d"lt{ em} k'hgLo aGb5 . kf}/fl0fs sfnsf dxfk'?if >L/fd,
hgs, a'4 / s[i0fsf] rl/qsf] JofVof klg o;}sf] cfwf/df ePsf] xf] . cfh;Dd klg
;du| dfgj hLjgsf] k|]/0ffsf], rl/qsf] ;|f]tsf] ?kdf xfdL pxf“x?nfO{ slxNo} e'Ng
;Sb}gf} / s'g g s'g} ?kdf :d/0f ul/ g} /xG5f} .
cfhsf] lbgdf s0f{ zfSo klg To:t} cfd g]kfnLsf] k]|/0ffsf] ;|f]t aGg' ePsf]
5 . ;'g Jofkf/Lsf] 5f]/f, cfh g]kfnLsf] cy{tGqsf] d]?b08sf] ?kdf /x]sf] ko{6g
If]qsf] k|]/0ffsf] ;|f]t dfq x}g ko{6gljbsf] gfdn] lrlgg'x'G5 . ;sf/fTds ;f]rsf wgL
s0f{ zfSo cfh o'jfx?sf] 9's9'sL ;d]t aGg' ePsf] 5 . pxfsf] ;f]r dfkm{t d}n] klg
hLjgdf lgs} 7"nf] phf{ kfPsf] dxz'; u/]sf] 5' . To;}sf] kl/0ffd xf], g]6js{ dfs{]6
k|lt d]/f] ljZjf; / lg/Gt/tf . s0f{ zfSosf] ;f]rnfO{ lgofNbf nfU5, dflg; hlGdb}
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cfzfn] el/k"0f{ x'G5 . dflg; ;sf/fTds ;f]rsf] pkh xf] t/, cfºgf] nIodf k'Ugsf]
nflu hf] ;+3if{af6 6f9f 6f9f efUb} hfG5, cfTdf ljsf;tkm{ nfUb}g, p;df gsf/fTds
;f]r a9\g yfN5 . JolQmut :jfy{, ef]u ljnf; tkm{ pGd'v /xG5 / x/]s If]qdf
lg/fz} lg/fzf b]Vg yfNb5 . clg eGb5g\ b]z vQd eof] . g]kfndf s]xL pGgtL ug{
;lsb}g . g]kfndf a;]/ eljio 5}g . lhjg jjf{b eof] g]kfndf hGdg' g} d]/f] b"ef{Uo
eof] . oL bl/b|tfsf] pkhn] g} cfh g]kfnsf] l:ylt htftt} nyflnË ePsf] 5 .
;8sb]lv ;bg;Dd, levf/Lb]lv /fhf;Dd klg dfgl;s ?kdf sdhf]/ /x]s]f sf/0f
cfh b]zsf] kl/l:ylt of] cj:yfdf cfOk'u]sf] :ki6 5 . sf]xL s;};“u klg b]zk|lt
;sf/fTds lrGtgsf] cefj ePs} sf/0f o:tf] cj:yfsf] l;h{gf ePsf] eGbf cTo'lQm
gxf]nf g} . t/, cfh b]zn] s]xL ?kdf km8\sf] dfg{ vf]Hb}5 . ;a} hgtf ;Dk|e'tf /
bL3{zflGtsf] rfxfgfdf cufl8 a9L/x]sf 5g\ . ;sf/fTds ;f]r eg]sf] g} ultlzntf
cfPsf] cg'ej tkfO{ xfdLdf eO/x]sf] 5 . ;sf/fTds ;f]r ;a}df s]xL ePklg
knfPsf] cfefif ca x'g'n] klg gj g]kfnsf] eljio pHjn 5 eGg] nfUb5 . jf:tjdf,
s0f{ zfSon] yfgsf]6 gsf6L ;'g k;nd} cfºgf] lhjg cuf8L a9fpg' ePsf] eP,
vf;} hLjgdf ptf/ r9fjsf] ;fdgf ug{'ky{]g . pxf“leq ;sf/fTds ;f]rsf] vfgL
x'Gy]g . ha, jg lj1fgsf] pRr lzIff xfl;n ub{} t/fO{sf kmf“6b]lv lxdfn / kxf8sf
hËn rfxfg{ k'Ug'eof], Toxf“af6 knfPsf] cfTdf ljZjf;n] ;/sf/L hfuL/nfO{ ;bfsf]
nfuL 5f]8]/ g]kfnsf] ef}uf]lns dgf]/d b[Zo / k|s[ltsf] b]gnfO{ glhsaf6 lgofNb}
ko{6gk]zfdf xft xfNg' eof] . z'? z'?df Tolt hf]lvd df]Ng' sd ;fxl;nf]kgf xf]Og .
olb pxfn] Tof] hf]lvd gdf]Nb]sf] eP cfh g]kfndf ko{6g If]qn] afd] dfq
;Yof{]xf]nf . o;/L g]kfns} cy{tGqsf] lx:;f aGg ;Sb}gYof] xf]nf . o;sf] sf/0f g}
pxL s0f{ zfSo xf], hf] cfh g]kfnsf] ko{6g If]qdf kfof]lgo/ dfq xf]Og, ko{6gljbsf]
gfdaf6 rlr{t x'g'x'G5 . Ps k};faf6 SofG;/ xl:k6nsf] lgdf{0f, g]kfn ko{6g jif{
!((* h:tf pTs[i6 of]hgfx? cuf8L ;f/L b]zsf] ;du| cy{tGqdf g} /rgfTds tyf
;sf/fTds 6]jf k'¥ofpb} cfpg' ePsf s0f{ zfSo cfh ;du| o'jfx?s]f k|]/s JolQmTj
aGg'ePsf] 5 . xjf{] OG6/g]zgn k|f=ln=sf] k|fo x/]s sfo{qmddf cltlysf] cf;gdf
b]lvg' eO xjf{]sf] b]zk|ltsf] ;sf/fTds ;f]rsf] k|z+;f ug{ slxn] ge'Ng] s0f{ zfSon]
xjf{]nfO{ cufl8 a9g af/Daf/ phf{ k|bfg ul//xg' ePsf]df xjf{] OG6g{]zgn k|f ln
xflb{s cfef/ k|s6 ub{} xjf{]sf] k|]/s JolQmTjsf] ?kdf clejfbg ug{ rfxG5' . xjf{];u
s0f{ zfSosf] ;DaGw clt g} uf9f 5 / lbg k|ltlbg ul9b} klg 5 . x/]s h:tf] xjf{]sf]
clkml;on sfo{qmddf s0f{ zfSosf] cfltYotf kfpbf xfdLnfO{ uj{ nfU5 . gkfp“bf
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g'g gxfn]sf] t/sf/L em} nfU5 . sf/0f, s0f{ zfSon] eGg'x'G5, xjf{];“u d]/f] tLgj6f
;DaG5 5 .
Kflxn]fM xjf{]n] xfn ljlqm ljt/0f ul//x]sf] xjf{] k|m]; hL / xjf{] DofS; hLsf]
pTkfbs sDkgL uf]vf{ cfo'j{]bsf ;+:yfks s0f{ zfSo g} x'g'x'G5 . cfh uf]vf{ cfo'j{]b
sDkgL of] l:yltdf k'Ug' s0f{ zfSosf] ;sf/fTds ;f]rsf] pkh g} xf] . h;sf]
pTkfbgaf6 cfh xjf{]sf] cfd u|fxs ju{ ;Gt'i6 x'g'x'G5 . bf];|f]M xjf{]sf] cf}krfl/s
sfo{qmdsf] z'?jftf g} kfs{ len]h l/;f]6, a'9fgLns07af6 z'? ePsf] lyof] . h;sf]
r]o/k;{g klg s0f{ zfSo g} x'g'x'G5 . t];|f]M xjf{] OG6g{]zgn k|f=ln=sf] klxn]f
cf}krfl/s sfo{qmdsf k|d'v clylt klg s0f{ zfSo g} x'g'x'GYof] . To; cy{df, s0f{
zfSo / xjf{] OG6g{]zgn k|f=ln=sf] ;DaGw Pp6f 5'§} vfnsf] 5, h'g lg/Gt/ /xL
/xg]5 . lsgsL xaf{] k|f=ln= / cfd xjf{]jfbLx?sf] nfuL s0f{ zfSo h:tf] k|]/0ffsf] ;|f]t
/ k|]/s JolQmTjsf] dfu{ bz{g ;w} cfjZos eO/xg]5 . cfd xjf{]jfbLx? Kflg ;kmntf
rfxG5g . ;kmn x'gs} nfuL JolQmjfbL k|j[ltnfO{ 5f]8]/ xjf{]jfbLx? /fi6«k|lt ;dlk{t
tg . ;dfhdf s]xL ug{ / eljiodf cfpbf] k':tfsf] nfuL k|]/0ffsf] ;|f]t aGg rfxG5g
. To;}n] s0f{ zfSosf] ;f]rnfO{ dgg ub{} pxf“nfO{ /f]n df]8nsf] ?kdf u|x0f ug{'eof]
eg] tkfO{sf] ;kgf cjZo g} ;kmn x'g]5 . ef]lnsf] k':tfsf] k|]/s JolQmTj tkfO{ g}
x'gx' 'g]5 . ;kmntfsf] nflu xflb{s z'e]R5f .
DEDICATED TO THE POSITIVE THINKER
Anil Chitrakar, Ashoka Fellow,

August 21, 2004
Positive thinkers are fundamentally changing societies that were

worse off than Nepal just a few decades ago and attaining unprecedented
economic and social progress. As I traveled the world on various
assignments, I keep asking one question: who was behind this positive
change? The answer is not a government, politician, a piece of
legislation, a ministry or a foreign aided project; but an individual who
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was a positive thinker, saw a problem and recognized the opportunity,
articulated a simple idea, pursued it with unwavering passion and then
made it happen. Karna Sakya is just that person. There is no dearth of
phrases people use to make us think positively. What seem more rare are
people who actually live their life no other way! Among these rare
people Karna Sakya definitely stands out as living proof of the limitless
powers of thinking and living positively.
The past 60 years for Nepal has oscillated from the dark to the
bright and back to the dark times. The country witnessed the end of Rana
autocracy and embarked on a brief experiment with democracy.
“Development” efforts were carried out with one party democracy and
then we reverted back to multi party democracy. God king became
constitutional monarch. Hunting grounds for the rich and powerful
became national parks. Forests went from being the states’ largest source
of revenue to being managed by communities. A country that had
remained isolated to the world opened its doors to ‘mass’ tourism.
Kathmandu, whose population had seen little growth over the past 2000
years, began to see unprecedented in migration. Water and air have
become scarce resources. Industries began to compete for the same
resources; people who worshipped the gods for all ills began to learn
about deadly diseases such as cancer. While all this was happening
Karna Sakya was watching, listening, analyzing, mobilizing and
launching new ideas as opportunities came up. Each challenge or crisis in

his life and in the country became an opportunity for him. Being a true
entrepreneur who was passionate and persistent, each of his ideas was a
success resulting from initial frustration. Whether in the business of
tourism or in the cause of cancer relief, whether it was publishing or
preserving Nepal’s unique natural and built heritage, this man excelled.
At a time when most Nepalis shrugged off their shoulders and muttered
“ke garne”, Karna made things happen and changed our society for the
better.
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There are many of us trying to understand the ingredients of
positive change for Nepal. It is like a puzzle with too many pieces.
Reading the life of Karna Shakya provides us a unique key and window
to Nepal. Through his eyes and his ever-positive mind and kind heart,
one can sort through the many layers of complicated issues and see and
experience how to bring positive impact in Nepal. These insights are
useful not just for our work but also for our communities, our families
and to our own lives and of those close to us.
In authoring this auto-biography and giving us an insiders view

of how Nepal and Nepali society works and thinks, Karna Sakya has
once again set a unique precedent and will hopefully encourage others to
do the same. Young Nepalese today, more than ever before, need to
know why and how Nepal is what it is today. This insight has been lost
for most portions of our history because hired pundits and sycophants
only wrote praises of their patrons in power. Autobiographies by
prominent citizens like Karna will give us a more accurate view and
enable learning of real history and the social sciences of the period.
This book is not a prescription for Nepal nor a “how to succeed”

manual for the young and ambitious. Reading it, one does realize that it
has enough clues, analysis, and insights to be able to guide any aspiring
Nepali towards success. The only condition is that, like Karna Sakya,
you must believe in the power of positive thinking. You will be tested all
the time on this one condition as Karna was and is continually tested.
There was no stopping Karna in the past and there will be no stopping
Karna for many more years. The future belongs to the positive thinker.
Encouraged to work in Nepal

Roshan Maharjan, Plazmatech Pvt. Ltd,
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I got really a positive thought after reading your book SOCH that
I bought during the Book Fair at Bhrikuti Mandap this year.... I am now
inspired and encouraged to work in Nepal and started working here...
though I was trying to go abroad for the job before. I am in Computer
Software Field and now working as a Senior System Analyst and Senior
Oracle Database Programmer for Plazmatech. Pvt. Ltd.
(www.plazma.com.np)leaving Cosmic Air's Job before (till 5th
May,2006) for several reasons and problems there.....I thank you for such
an inspirational book. I hope to see you in Person one day.
Meet you face to face

Narendra
I read your book; I am very much impressed by your Soch and

struggle. What a man are you doing such kind of good thing for our
nation? "One paisa in one cigarette" what a great soch. Best wishes of
your new soch. I think you are so busy in your business and in many
other social duties but I have great intension to meet you face to face for
few movements if possible.
Feeling of responsibility
GR Paudel and friends, BRUSSELS, 2005/11/24
Probably you may have received my earlier mail about

earthquake for long time. I am sending mail to different govt. dept. but
they did not care and have not received any reply. Now day I am reading
SOCH of Mr. Karna Sakya. I know there is www.nepalnature.com with
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dedicated Team for conservation. Please accept my up coming mail
about earthquake occurring in Nepal and how to forecast such
devastating consequences. We know science is going more ahead ...if we
make some effort to forecast up coming quake, we will be able to
minimize the loss of property and life in future. Perhaps Mr. Sakya can
help it out.
Arjun Bhandari, United Kingdom, 2006/8/1
I have had a chance to read your "SOCH" and found really good
book. I also found about your nepalnature.com. I have told many people
about "nepalnature" who have visited or about to visit Nepal from Great
Britain.
I respect your thought regarding the tourism industry. I wish you
all the best.
Literally stunned
Sujeena Shakya, 2006/10/3
I was literally stunned by the power and magnitude of

your "SOCH". After going through each and every pages of the book, I
felt like a different person- your book is really amazing. I'm a student of
humanities in White House College in class 11 and your book has really
inspired me a lot and it has the power of changing the lives of so many
teenagers and youths like us. I regard you as one of my role-models and
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am desperately waiting to share my thoughts and learn from you
someday. Hoping to hear from you soon.
Ode of SOCH
Ranga Sagar
October 17, 2006
Until now I never knew

Insomnia could be a pleasure
I swallowed a book and its view
All through it was a treasure
To start a goodnight sleep

I used to read book in bed
This time to stop sleep
“Soch” was on my head
Happiness, sorrow or the diary of treasure

Expressions are in delicious literature
SOCH is all-time book: past, present and future
For any positive mind, it is an inspiring tutor
Through Karna one can travel the world

Silver mind extract silver, golden can get gold
For love, peace and harmony, against crime and sword
SOCH can be a key to develop this world
True citizens, true service to the nation

Karna lives in creation and innovation
May you live for hundreds of years
God, instill to all citizens rich thought of yours
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A Fragment
Could I remount the river of my years

To the first fountain of our smiles and tears
I could not trace again its stream of hours
Between its outworn banks of withered flower
But did it flow as now _until it glides

Into the number of then nameless tides
What is this death a quiet of the heart
The whole of that of which we are a part
For life is but a vision-what I see
Of all which lives alone is life to me

And being so-the absent are the dead
Who haunt us from tranquility-and spread

A dreary shroud around us-and invest
With sad remembrances our hours of rest
The absent are the dead, - for they are cold,
And ne'er can be what once we did behold
And they are changed -and cheerless - or if yet

The unforgotten do not all forget-
Since this divided - equil must it be
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If the deep barrier be of earth or sea
It may be both but one day end it must
In the dark union of insensate dust.
The under earth inhabitants are they
But mingled million decomposed to clay
The ashes of a thousand ages spread
Wherever man has trodden or shall tread
Or do they in their silent cities dwell
Each in his incommunicative cell
or have they there own language- and a sense
Of breathless being -darkened and intense
As midnight in her solitude-oh earth

Where are past- and wherever had they birth
The dead are these inheritors-and we
But bubbles on the surface:-and the key
of the profoundity is in the grave,
The portal of the universal cave
Where I would walk in spirit-and behold
The Thinker
Abha Eli Phoboo Metro –Feb 26, 2004
The world is theirs' those who have the ability to transform pain
into power. 'Soch' is a book dedicated to the people who have always
thought of Nepal as a country with enormous potential. And to those who
have turned their thoughts into action. Karna Sakya single-handedly laid
the foundation for Nepal as a prime tourist destination. The raging
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conflict has sown anxiety and frustration. In all this Sakya sees
opportunities.
"We have become demoralized and skeptical. We have lost

confidence," says Sakya. "We blame it all on conflict. My purpose for
writing this book was to tell people that Nepal is not a lost cause. We
need to take our chances." Without conflict, the process of democracy
wouldn't begin," says Sakya also known as the founder of Thamel. He
began writing 'Soch' in English but questioned himself, "Who am I
writing for? It is us, Nepalis who need to make this a better place." He
began again in Nepali. This is his statement:
"Why now after years of killings and losing confidence? Now,

when people are on the verge of declaring Nepal a failed state? "All is
not lost. I had to get this book out now. Our graduates are going to the
Arab countries to build their roads as laborers; our students are flying to
the US and working in Laundromats. There is so much opportunity here

waiting."
Sakya states, "Ten years ago, there were corruption and pro-
cedural difficulties. Ten years ago, media was manipulated. Today, we
have more than 32 FM stations in Nepal, so many newspapers and TV
channels. Today, we are exporting vegetables and fruits. Ten years ago, I
lost my wife and child to cancer. Today, we have one of the most
important cancer hospitals in South Asia."
A few days ago, Sakya visited Karnali, a region that has been in
much debate for its lack of development. "Karnali will one day be a
prime tourist destination," predicts Sakya. Difficulties are relative and
development is comparative. "We are all candles. We need to be lit. If in
the Malla ages, we made eight monuments that have become World
Heritage Sites, we can do it again. We are sitting on a gold mine and
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looking for steel. If life were easy, there would be no dynamism. Only
those lucky have problems to overcome."
Metro-March11, 2004 (Based on book Soch by Karna Sakya.)
Nepal is a small, beautiful and manageable country. We have

lots of options and opportunities. There is no competition in genuine
entrepreneurship. It has to be innovative. If someone kicks off a project
with commitment and dedication, it can easily be translated into action in
Nepal. This is one of the few countries where we can make things
happen.
Water gets tasty when we are thirsty, we enjoy food when we are
hungry, the sun rises after its pitch dark- these are all facts of life. Any
problem is a challenge and challenge is life. Problems seek solutions and
solutions open up the doors to development. Therefore, problems often
knock only at a lucky man's door. More problems mean more solutions
and more development. We can run away from problems but we cannot
hide from them forever.
Truth has many faces. Assumption and perception have many

aspects: it's like a kaleidoscopic. Some looks at Lord Krishna as a
karmayogi (doer) while skeptics see him as a chalkapati (manipulator).
Similarly Buddha is a messenger of peace for some and for a few others;
he could be an escapist who deserted his own new-born child and wife.
Ram is known as a maryada purush (ethical god) but he is also the one
who sent thousands of soldiers to be killed only to save his wife from
Ravana. How do we evaluate Ganeshman - as a great politician who
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sacrificed premiership for others or the one who chickened out from his
responsibilities? Therefore, before we jump into any conclusion,
especially in very sensitive matters, we should think twice.
When skeptics reign high, the society turns mad and

pandemonic. We cannot wake up a deep sleep of suspicion and
pessimism; it has to be shaken up violently and repeatedly. Nepal is
turning deaf with high anxiety. At this unfortunate crossroad, someone
has to ring a bell of hope again and again. Appreciation of a job well
done and encouragement for constructive attempts are as essential as
criticisms for wrong doings.
The human brain is not bigger than the size of a fist of a person
but it is deeper than an ocean and can accommodate the whole galaxy
within a blink of an eye. Every brain harbors negative and positive
elements. If we churn our grey matter with positive thinking, it provides
ambrosia, but if mobilized in a negative way, it vomits poison. .
Fresh Outlook
By Keshav Poudel, Metro

May 6, 2004
From environment to tourism and social life to cultural and

health sector, name of Karna Sakya is established everywhere. He has
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made enormous contributions in those areas. At a when majority of
Nepali intellectual and leading business groups are following the path of
cynicism, Sakya has come out with a book that gives fresh perspective
about the happenings in the country and has called for the importance of
spreading the message of hope and optimism.
"Soch (Thought) is a kaleidoscope that displays the pattern of

perception and thoughts. It helps us distinguish many faces of truth,
empowering a sense of judgment and it increases the power of positive
thinking. Anxiety and skepticism when reign high, the disillusioned
society needs to be resuscitated with morale, confidence and trust. Soch
to me is self-esteem, optimism, conviction and hope," said author Sakya.
Sakya, who played a leading role in collecting the fund to

establish the Cancer hospital in Nepal, is a well-known environmentalist
and tourism entrepreneur. One of the important aspects of the book is
that he has attempted to see Nepalese society through the eyes of
positivism. When a large number of Nepalese intellectuals are trying to
discredit the open system and political actors of the time, Sakya
highlighted their personal performance.
"Despite some errors, this is a good book which provides

information for brain storming," said Dr. Harka'Gurung, a renowned
Nepalese scholar, evaluating his book at a release ceremony. Although
Sakya released a book chal lenging the pessimism, cynicism of con-
temporary Nepalese society, he seems to be unable to discard the ritual
of releasing the book by inviting scholars and colleagues to listen to the
contribution of the author. Like all other book releasing ceremony,
Sakya, too, invited more than two hundred people of different walks of
life.
Moderated by his long time friend Rajendra Shrestha, author

Sakya seemed to have enjoyed the two-hour-long ceremony where critics
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Dr. Harka Gurung, Dr. Tirtha Bahadur Shrestha, Rajendra Shrestha,
Ukesh Bhuju and journalist Bhairab Rishal spared their time talking
about Sakya's contribution.
Sakya has shown courage to speak the truth and reality of

Nepalese society. "There are tremendous changes in the livelihood of
Nepalese. Two decades ago when I traveled to remote areas, illiteracy
was rampant and people did not have shoes to wear. In my recent visit to
Humla, I found the change in terms of literacy, quality of life and
development," said Sakya. "Despite some difficulties due to conflict, the
country has prosperous future."
"At a time when most Nepalese shrug off their shoulders and
muttered 'ke garne', Karna Sakya has made things happen and changed
our society for the better. He wants all those Nepalese, for whatever
reasons and wherever they may be in the worlds, who feel let down by
the situation in Nepal. Through this book, he wants to convey the
message that Nepal is and will be what each one of us decides to make
it," writes Anil Chitrakar, an Asoka Fellow.
Whether an idea to organize Visit Nepal Year 1998, or

protecting the environment or establishing the cancer hospital, Sakya has
made many important contributions. Along with all these contributions,
Sakya now wants to share the happiness of positive thinking. In his book,
Sakya also shows that how positive thinking can bring about the change.
Just when the pall of cynicism and negativism is enveloping the whole
society, Sakya has attempted to raise hopes through his positive thinking.
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5. Eternal Optimistic
By Biswas Baral, The Himalayan Times,
Oct.18, 2004
Unlike many thinkers and commentators who continually mourn

the dismal state of our country, Karna Sakya believes Nepal still has a lot
to offer. Soch, “Karna Sakya’s first major venture in Nepali literature is
a collection of memories, a travelogue; a manual for successful
entrepreneurship and most importantly a prescription for all disprinted
Nepalis.
Sakya is a visionary and a highly passionate person. The subtle

blending of these two attributes confers on him the resoluteness palpable
in all his undertakings. He cannot sit idle for any length of time with his
get go mentality and is constantly haunted by new ideas.
That the majority should remain ignorant about a man who has
contributed so much to our society is indeed sad. Sakya, sometimes
single-handedly and working up to 20 hours a day, has envisioned and
handled some of the most important and ambitious projects, mostly in the
fields of nature conservation and tourism. And remarkably, due to his
uncompromising nature, he has managed to keep his image clean, even
when muddled in the often dirty bureaucracy.
Visit Nepal Year, 1996; Cancer Hospital With One Paisa, 1989;
Tundikhel Road Expansion, 1997; Dream Garden , Keshar Mahal, 1998
are some of the important proposals he has presented and helped
materialize. The development of Bharatpur as a medical city and the
introduction of the concept of endemic tourism (a small-scale, epicurean
concept of tourism) in Nepal can also be credited to him.
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Though, reading between the lines in “Soch,” Sakya’s
reluctances to open up completely is palpable at times; but, by and large,
he is open and honest. He is very emotional, he admits –his eyes well up
at touching moments during mushy Hindi movies. And he doesn’t shirk

away from mentioning his poor accounting skills. Even today he is
unable to differentiate between debit and credit. But he knows his
strength and is proud of what he has done so far.
The book as a travelogue is pretty interesting as well. Sakya

narrates his vast and sometimes amusing experiences- from swimming
naked in the Great Barrier Reef in Australia to the tussle with a
pickpocket in Italy – he has gained during his extensive travels, both in
Nepal and away, with the aplomb of a consummate raconteur. But the
most important point “Soch” strives to hit home is: Unlike what many
thinkers and commentators who continually mourn the dismal state of
our country today believe, Nepal still has a lot to offer. Those who depict
Nepal’s situation as dreadful and hopeless are doing a disservice

to our nation; they are failing to put things into a larger perspective,
Sakya contends. Despite the cripping insurgency, our social reforms and
economic achievements since the restoration of democracy are
commendable, he says. Yes, without the rebellion, we could have
achieved much more, but the situation is not as bad as many intellectuals
like to put it. He believes Nepal does not lack opportunities. But because
the youth shun certain jobs, an apparent vacuum has been created. We
don’t take up these vocations because of our spurious notion of dignity.
With formal education is invariably being forgotten.
On a personnel note, there are small pretty touching chapters.

The untimely demise of his first wife, Sanuchori, and his eldest daughter,
Samjhana, both of cancer, left a gaping void in his life. The revelation
Sakya has abed in a Bangkok hospital, where he is admitted for a
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suspected case of prostate cancer himself, terminates an emotional roller
coaster that this book is.
Any thoughtful Nepali, in Sakya’s optimistic portrait of today’s

Nepal, will find plenty to mull over. “Soch” is a mirror every Nepali
should take him to look into. An illuminating read, indeed.
Positive Thoughts Work

The Rising Nepal
Oct.29, 2004
POSITIVE thoughts and ideas are very effective tools to bring

about desirable changes in the society. There are many examples that
positive thinkers have transformed even the most backward societies into
modern ones within a short span of time. To replace the negative
attitudes with positive and creative ones is required at a time when a state
of confusion and utter frustration is haunting the minds of the Nepalese
people:
Karna Sakya's Soch, which is his autobiography, conveys the

message of positive thinking. The central theme of the book is `be
positive and think positive'. He is an environmentalist turned tourism
entrepreneur. ; His major brainchild includes the first national tourism
campaign- Visit Nepal Year 1998, and Sports Himalaya Year 2001, the
Mountain Memorial Park at Kakani and the idea of levying one paisa per
cigarette pipe for the construction of the cancer hospital. Decorated with
several national and international prestigious awards, he has five books
to his credit.
The book is divided into 18 chapters. In the first chapter, he

highlights the significance of positive thinking that brings in optimism
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and hope in a person's life. He calls on everybody to have positive
thought and attitude towards every individual, ideology and object. His
distinct thought is reflected when he writes about positive aspects of the
Nepalese political scenario after the restoration of the multiparty
democracy. At a time when NC President and former Prime Minister
Girija Prasad Koirala are being criticized by different quarters, Sakya
cites .many Food aspects of the leader. He lauds Koirala for
implementing Sakya's proposal to levy charges on cigarette for the
construction of a cancer hospital. In the second and the third chapter, he
talks about the political situation of Nepal. He disagrees with the ongoing
rumor that the country is going to collapse. His optimistic minds see a lot
of prospects of leading the country to prosperity. He hopes that many

anomalies seen in the political sector would be rooted out with the
growing level of thinking and understanding among the people and the
leaders.
In the fourth chapter, the author recalls his travel to different

national parks and remote but scenic places like Dolpa and Manang. As
he pleads for nature-based and endemic tourism, he is not in favor of
`mass tourism'. The fifth chapter is related to his family and reveals how
his family had entered into hotel business from gold business.
In the sixth chapter, he shows his deep love for nature. He gives
vivid descriptions of attractive areas such as the Annapurna Sanctuary
and his interest and involvement in the field of nature conservation. In
the seventh chapter, he, reveals reveals his intimacy and friendship with
P.L.Singh. His 29-point proposal for giving a face –lift to the capital city
of Kathmandu is also included in this chapter. The eighth chapter is
related to his brainchild of Dream Garden at Kesharmahal.
In the ninth chapter, he shares his pains and sufferings, as he

recalls how he lost his wife and daughter. He reveals his sad feelings
through his poem- Kaal Sanga Ko Ladain (A fight with death). In the 10"
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chapter, he recalls his efforts to materialize his dream of the cancer
hospital in the_11th chapter; he talks about his new lease of life that he
received after he married Sushila.
In the 12th chapter, he again talks about the country. He says that
Nepal holds many 3 comparative advantages over other countries. In the
13th chapter, he describes about his travel to several countries. The 14th
chapter is dedicated to the Visit Nepal Year 1998. The event was
instrumental in promoting Nepal internationally and generating public
awareness about the importance of tourism for the country.
The 15" chapter deals with his life and business, while the next
chapter is dedicated to his initiation of endemic tourism. In the 17th
chapter, he offers some tips to be a successful businessman. In the final
chapter, he shares his experience when he visited Bangkok for his health
check-up.
On the whole, this is a useful book not only for travel trade
entrepreneurs but also for social workers, environmentalists and
development planners as well. To sum up in his words, Soch is a
kaleidoscope that displays the pattern of perception and thoughts.
Nation Weekly,
Dec. 12 2004
• Nepalis are extremely prone to the situation: they are good in a good
environment and likewise, they are bad in a bad situation. We can see
this very clearly in our government offices. Most government offices
are extremely disorganized and are in a complete mess: the desks are
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covered by inches of dust; important documents and files are kept in
dirty clothes and stacked on top of each other over equally dirty
cupboards. The staff members are engrossed in gossip, wasting office
time criticizing their seniors as corrupt and their juniors as useless,
pretending that the self is the only one who is Ms. / Mr. Right. Basking
in the sun during winters and reading each and every word printed in
the newspaper is their daily office routine.
• However, this is not always a true reflection of what Nepalis are. In

government offices, they might appear like deadwood and inefficient,
but they are extremely good in highly professional work places like
private sector and foreign institutions. And most importantly, they are
the fantastic entrepreneurs. In a country like India, one has to visit a
five star hotel to eat good apple pies, cheese cakes and other gourmet
food. But in Nepal, the same fare is available not only in Thamel but
even in remote places like Jomsom.
• It is again the same Nepalis who are excellent doctors, engineers and
adventurous pilots. They are the ones who manage five star hotels,
coordinate highly skilled mountaineering expeditions, organize the

world's best trekking and rafting services, run corporate business
houses, operate banking institutions and they are the ones who fully
assist the modern offices of international organizations like UNDP,
INGO' S and the various embassies and foreign missions. The point is,
it is not the Nepalese who are to blame - the fault lies with the system.
• There are many highly educated people in Nepal, some of whom have
graduated with top honors from some of the best universities of the
world. Despite their brilliance, most of them are frustrated because
they are lying rotten in government offices. Head Hunting is never
done seriously in Nepal, it is rather abused. The right people are often
found working in the wrong places. When the Prime Minister
nominates ministers, he often finds people who don't disagree with
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him. The ministers in turn recommend secretaries who always say "yes
minister", the secretaries appoint sycophant directors who don't argue
and the chain continues only to turn the whole mechanism of
administration into a complete chaos, corrupt and ineffective. Due to
this, both capable and incapable government servants are under
constantly psychological pressures. The capable are frustrated because
they are in position where they cannot make decisions and the
incapable are mentally stressed because they are not able to make any
decisions.
• The situation gets worse, when bureaucrats dictate the technocrats;

ministers manipulate the bureaucrats, politicians dominate the
ministers and the politicians are hard pressed by the native
constituents. This is the biggest and most complex vicious circle that
creates a "Catch 22" situation, one that haunts the Nepalese
bureaucracy. In all these interrelations, there is a nexus of political and
social interest. Therefore it's not the people who are insufficient; it is
the system and management that worsens our situation. (Based on
conversations with Karna Sakya)
Nepali Times
15-21 April, 2005
The beginning prepares the reader on what to expect from the

book. 'In a society, only, 5-6 % think positive, 15-16% think negative
and 79-80 % remain undecided and flow with the tide. This is a grave
situation for any country. Efforts should be made to influence the
undecided 80% people with the thoughts process of the 5 % positive
thinkers and not by the 15% negative thinkers. This will take the society
to read the better path.'
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A strong believer in the power of positive thinking, Karna
Sakya's 'Soch' embodies just that. Taking the reader through his life on
an autobiolographical journey, Karna provides us with a window to view
the country on how positives change have been brought about, will be
brought about and guide any aspirant Nepali towards success. The only
blemish one can notice is the stark absence of any accompanying
photographs that would have held so much of significance to the book of
such historical importance and magnitude. Equally conspicuous is
the death of a glossary and an index usually found at the end of every
good book.
Nevertheless, timing and forethought has always been

synonymous with Karna. Soch provides the much needed shot in the arm
at a time when the country is going through tough times. A must read,
Soch brings hope and conveys the thought that Nepali will be what each
of us wants it to be.
A gift for Nepal

Rita Dhital, The Himalayan Times
June 3, 2005
Many Nepalese knew Karna Sakya only as a tourism

entrepreneur until his book ' Soch', written by hi m for the first time in
the Nepali language came into the market, though he has written and
published quite a number of books, articles and writings in English
earlier. 'Soch', with record sales of more than 4,000 copies in less than
six months, has become one of the largest selling and most talked about
books in recent times. For the contribution he has made by writing such a
thought provoking book that was able to attract hordes of young readers,
Sakya was recently awarded the Uttam Shanti Puraskar 2061. The award
consisted of cash worth Rs. 25,000 and a citation. Born in a Newar
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family and brought up speaking the Newari language, Sakya did not
know Nepali until 11. When the thought of writing a book came to his
mind, started writing it in English. Forty pages into the book he started
having second thoughts. "I questioned myself 'Why am I writing this for
outsiders or for the small section of m y society who read books written
also in the English language when the subject is of significance to all
Nepali readers ?," shares Sakya.
Sakya's book questions the negativity widespread in the daily

conversations of people of all ages and professions. Is the situation of the
country and society really as bad as considered by most, he asks. "We
(Nepal) don't have terminal cancer, only a psychosomatic disorder but
one that is pushing the country hard towards an unfortunate and uncalled
for 'anti-establishment syndrome," Sakya explains.
Sakya also states that he has discovered many positive aspects

and evidence of growth in the country, which, he believes, should be
emphasized to convert the prevalent pessimism into a constructive
outlook towards life. He says, "There are, perhaps, more positive and
inspiring stories to be revealed. There are many positive stories to be
revealed. There are many positive stories that inspire and motivate the
young to redouble their efforts and show them the way forward. This
book would help distinguish the many faces of truth, empowering us
with a sense of judgment and increasing our power of positive thinking.
When anxiety and skepticism reign, a disillusioned society needs to be
revived with good morale, confidence and trust. 'Soch ' will definitely be
able to provide this lost self-esteem, optimism, lost self-esteem,
optimism, conviction and hope."
Some might believe that Sakya's optimism stems from his

lifelong affluence, but he clarifies, "Positivism is not a prerogative of the
privileged. Negativity is harbored deep in cynical minds and not
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necessarily in hungry stomachs. Nepal is and will be what each of us
decides to make of it."
Accidental businessman
Karna Sakya’s positive outlook needs to spread
Three years ago, GTZ’s Business Services Aadhar started a

monthly business forum in Kathmandu. The idea was to invite Nepal’s
leading businesspeople to talk reflectively and candidly about their lives
in business with about 60 young private sector professionals. One invite
was hotelier and conservationist Karna Sakya, 62 who has since
expanded his one hour talk into a 286-page self-published book called
"Soch". Written in conversational Nepali with an unbeat tone, Soch
(meaning: thought') is a collage of autobiography, travelogue, advice for
young entrepreneurs, thoughts on progress that Nepali has made and
suggestions about how Nepal can further live up to its potential.
Reading the book, Sakya's life has been an extraordinary one.

When most of his contemporaries were happy to retire Sakya had at least
three different careers: a government technocrat, a businessman and a
conservationist. Born in an upper class yet traditional Newari family, he
eschewed family jewelry business to study forestry in Dehradun. A job
as a wildlife officer at the Department of Forests allowed this young man
from Kathmandu's Asan to travel far and wide across Nepal in the 1960s,
from the unexplored jungles of the tarai to the hills and the mountains of
Dolpo and the Annapurna region. His innate love for nature, together
with his work to start conservation parks, showed him that when it came
to tourism in Nepal, 'plenty of opportunities were always around us'.
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The realization emboldened him to enter the hospitality business.
He turned his home into Kathmandu Guest House, which served 'non –
hippie guests' in the 1970's and eventually became the catalyst that
accelerated the transformation of sleepy Thamel into a bustling tourist
hub. What is remarkable today is not that Sakya is a successful hotelier,
it is that his entrepreneurship was in being able to leave behind the
familiarity of family business and the security of a government job to
chase a potential and, in the process, help start Nepal's tourism industry
from scratch. (See also: 'Karna's Karma,' #137.
In the 1980's and 1990's, Sakya used his growing profile to

advance social causes. After losing wife and daughter to cancer, he
translated grief into action to raise money through walkathons, ball
dances, concerts and cigarette taxes to help build a cancer hospital in
Bhaktapur. He convinced the government to set aside the year 1998 as
Visit Nepal Year and oversaw coordinated nationwide efforts to upgrade
tourism-related infrastructure. In both instances, Sakya played the role of
a master salesman; someone who persuaded a wide variety of people
about the merits of his ideas, won over skeptics through a combination of
hard work, hustle and enthusiasm and used influence to mobilize
recourses to come up with solutions to public problems. Indeed, what
comes through clearly in the book is Sakya's penchant for coming up
with problems to solve-a desire that he has not ended now that he has
beaten prostrate cancer to submission.
Soch suffers from three flaws. First, it could have been better
edited for language. Second, by painting a cloying sunny outlook about
Nepal's possible future, it fails to tell us just how Sakya himself
overcame specific administrative and logistical difficulties that hobble
most enterprises in Nepal. And third, most of his suggestions can sound
irritatingly preachy at least to the younger generation which has grown
both wary and weary of naïve romancing of this country's unlimited
potential in, well, everything . These quibbles aside, I would recommend
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this book for the window it provides us to see what drives one of our
most restless corporate citizens to do things that he does for himself and
for us.
"Soch" A must read book

Dr. Pradeep Man Tulachan
I am not a writer but an economist by profession. My six

technical books are being published by international development
organisations. However, I am always interested to read non-technical
books. I had heard of a book called "Soch" written by Mr. Karna Sakya
for a long time. Finally, I took two days off and read his book very
carefully. Once I started reading, I could not stop until finishing the
whole book.
CONGRATULATIONS Karna jee! You did a marvellous job as a

practical and positive writer who can change the society and country
for a better place to live in!
Under the current situation of Nepal, "Soch" gives us Nepalese

hope of development and better days. It does so through facts and
evidence. The book shows that development in Nepal is possible if
Nepalese are to be determined. Karna jee clearly shows us that our
beautiful country lacks nothing required for a positive change. Hence, I
recommend that our leaders, policy makers, planners, government
officials, and development workers read it, hoping they too have more
practical visions, missions, and approaches like Karna Jee's.
The book has plenty examples where Karna jee as a humble
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citizen contributed to the development of our country. His hard work,
persuasions, pro-activeness and patience have resulted into many
positive and innovative development activities. It also shows his
selflessness. A few examples of his great works include his plans in
creating national parks and cancer hospitals.
On the other hand, Karna jee as a human being has shown ample
love and affection to his friends and family – which should be a valuable
lesson to today's youth. As such, I found Soch 'a must read' for every
Nepalese of all ages. I mailed this book as a birth day present to my son
who is studying in the USA. And I am giving another copy of his book to
my daughter who is now 8th grader in Malpi International School,
Panauti on her birthday.
Finally, perhaps translating Karna's book "Soch" into an

international language such as English can provide opportunity for
thousands or millions of global people to read his book. While he may do
so, he may like to change some of the contents of the book to suit the
international audience but bringing Nepal's unique natural beauty and
simplicity of Nepalese people up front. Just a suggestion! Perhaps, Karna
jee is already doing it or thinking to do so!
From Read
Loona Shrestha Thakur; Author of 'Journey to the Self'
Just finished reading 'Soch' by Karna Sakya. I liked it very much, for
the wisdom and social messages that it tries to impart.
Sunil Pokharel, Theatre Actor and Director, Gurukul
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I don't get time to read because of my hectic work schedule. But I try to
read whenever I get a break from work. I just finished reading 'Soch' by Karna
Sakya. An interesting book, I should have read it earlier. His efforts to build a
cancer hospital, Annapurna Conservation Camps and his innovative ideas like
visit Nepal inspire the readers to do something worthy.
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366

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DEDICATED TO THE POSITIVE THINKER

Anil Chitrakar, Ashoka Fellow,

Positive thinkers are fundamentally changing societies that were

launching new ideas as opportunities came up. Each challenge or crisis in

In authoring this auto-biography and giving us an insiders view