Professional Documents
Culture Documents
By
Kevin J. Vail
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The movement to abolish the death penalty in the
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the crime and thus unconstitutional. (Everheart v. Georgia,
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full discussion of the contents and obligations of the
they are null and void when they conflict with it.5
tradition.
of authority:
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3) The Magisterium – the teaching office the Church
therefore the Church does not and has never carried out
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secular state. The Catechism of the Catholic Church,
“Assuming that the guilty party's identity and responsibility have been fully
determined, the traditional teaching of the Church does not exclude recourse to
the death penalty, if this is the only possible way of effectively defending human
lives against the unjust aggressor. If, however, non-lethal means are sufficient to
defend and protect people's safety from the aggressor, authority will limit itself to
such means, as these are more in keeping with the concrete conditions of the
common good and are more in conformity to the dignity of the human person.
Today, in fact, as a consequence of the possibilities which the state has for
effectively preventing crime, by rendering one who has committed an offense
incapable of doing harm - without definitely taking away from him the possibility
of redeeming himself - the cases in which the execution of the offender is an
absolute necessity "are very rare, if not practically non-existent."7
punishment.
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should prompt Christians and all Americans to support the abolition of capital
punishment” 8
punishment in 10 points.
1) The purpose of punishment in secular courts is fourfold: the rehabilitation of the criminal, the
protection of society from the criminal, the deterrence of other potential criminals, and retributive
justice.
2) Just retribution, which seeks to establish the right order of things, should not be confused with
vindictiveness, which is reprehensible.
3) Punishment may and should be administered with respect and love for the person punished.
4) The person who does evil may deserve death. According to the biblical accounts, God
sometimes administers the penalty himself and sometimes directs others to do so.
5) Individuals and private groups may not take it upon themselves to inflict death as a penalty.
6) The State has the right, in principle, to inflict capital punishment in cases where there is no
doubt about the gravity of the offense and the guilt of the accused.
7) The death penalty should not be imposed if the purposes of punishment can be equally well or
better achieved by bloodless means, such as imprisonment.
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8) The sentence of death may be improper if it has serious negative effects on society, such as
miscarriages of justice, the increase of vindictiveness, or disrespect for the value of innocent
human life.
9) Persons who specially represent the Church, such as clergy and religious, in view of their
specific vocation, should abstain from pronouncing or executing the sentence of death.
10) Catholics, in seeking to form their judgment as to whether the death penalty is to be supported
as a general policy, or in a given situation, should be attentive to the guidance of the pope and the
bishops. Current Catholic teaching should be understood, as I have sought to understand it, in
continuity with Scripture and tradition. 9
Catholic teaching.10
Genesis 9:6
"Whoever sheds the blood of man, by man shall his blood be shed; for in the image of
"If however, he has committed a murder, he must die. In this case, there is no substitute that will
satisfy the requirements of legal justice. There is no sameness of kind between death and
remaining alive even under the most miserable conditions, and consequently there is also no
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equality between the crime and the retribution unless the criminal is judicially condemned and put
to death...
It may also be pointed out that no one has ever heard of anyone condemned to death on account
of murder who complained that he was getting too much punishment and therefore was being
treated unjustly; everyone would laugh in his face if he were to make such a statement." 11
"Let everyone be subject to the higher authorities, for there exists no authority except
from God, and those who exist have been appointed by God. Therefore he who resists the
authority resists the ordinance of God and they that resist bring on themselves condemnation. For
rulers are a terror not to the good work but to the evil. Dost thou wish, then, not to fear the
authority? Do what is good and thou wilt have praise from it. For it is God's minister to thee for
good. But if thou dost what is evil, fear, for not without reason does it carry the sword. For it is
God's minister, an avenger to execute wrath on him who does evil."
“The same divine law which forbids the killing of a human being allows certain exceptions, as
when God authorizes killing by a general law or when He gives an explicit commission to an
individual for a limited time. Since the agent of authority is but a sword in the hand, and is not
responsible for the killing, it is in no way contrary to the commandment, “Thou shalt not kill” to
wage war at God’s bidding, or for the representatives of the State’s authority to put criminals to
death, according to law or the rule of rational justice.” 12
execute justice.
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1) Is the death penalty in and of itself objectively
immoral?
capital punishment?
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probably due, in part, to the evaporation of the sense of
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1
Espy, M. Watt, and John Ortiz Smykla (2002) “Executions in the United States, 1608-1987: The
ESPY File", (online), 7/31/05. http://users.bestweb.net/~rg/execution.html
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Smith, Sharon C. (1999). “Capital Punishment in the United States.” (Online), 7/31/05.
http://www.closeup.org/punish.html
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Ibid
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