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PROJECT ON

Analysis of Human Resource Department of

OGDCL Islamabad

Department of the Management Studies 2 year MBA 2nd Semester

Introduction

-2Before the existence of OGDCL, exploration activities were carried out under the label of Pakistan Petroleum Ltd (PPL) and Pakistan Oilfields Ltd (POL). In 1952, PPL discovered a giant gas field at Sui in Balochistan. This discovery generated massive interest in exploration and five major foreign oil companies entered into concession agreements with the Government. During the 1950s, these companies carried out widespread geological and geophysical surveys and drilled 47 exploratory wells. As a result, a few small gas fields were discovered. Despite these gas discoveries, exploration activity after having reached its peak in mid-1950s, declined in the late fifties. Private Companies whose main objective was to earn profit were not interested in developing the gas discoveries especially when infrastructure and demand for gas was non-existent. With exploration activity at its lowest ebb several foreign exploration contracting companies terminated their operation and reduced land holdings in 1961.

Organizational Structure Main offices:


OGDCL Head Office is located at Jinnah Avenue, Blue Area Islamabad and Regional Offices are located in Karachi and Multan. Besides this OGDCL has its Liaison Offices in Hyderabad, Sukkur, and Quetta for operational activities.

Main departments:
The main departments of OGDCL are corporate department, exploration and production department and technical services department. Each of the three departments is further subdivided.

No. of employees in OGDCL:


In OGDCl employees consists of management cadre, executive cadre and overall staff. Each cadre is divided into pay groups and again each pay group is divided on the basis of all over Pakistan merit employees and on the quota of particular provinces.

Management cadre:
The management cadre consists of M-I, EG IX and EG VIII and only 4 EG VIII employees are open merit based and rest of the 10 employees are from four provinces, FATA and AK on the basis of quota.

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Executive cadre:
In the executive cadre consists of EG VII(executive general), EG VI, EG V, EG IV, EG III, EG II, EG I and trainees. In it 143 employees are on the Pakistan merit base and rest of 1762 employees are on the basis of quota from four provinces, FATA and AK

Over all staff:


Over all staff consists of non-executive employees and trainees. There are 40 employees on the all over Pakistan open merit and rest of 9150 employees are from Singh, Punjab, NWFP, Balouchistan, FATA and AK on the basis of relevant provincial quota.(For details refer to appendix, table 1)

Human Resource Department


Human resource department of OGDCL is one of the main departments of the OGDCL. Human Resource Deportment at OGDCL is being reorganized to manage people and develop their skills for meeting Companys requirements. Being the largest exploration and production Company, OGDCL seems to be an attractive company for talented and motivated people in which high levels of personal and companys performance are recognized and rewarded. Human Resource Department seems to ensure development of world class workforce, as per OGDCLs mission statement, target based working and performance based reward system has been evolved.

Functions of HR Department
The Company is focusing on the human resource department, as it aims to motivate its employees through proper placement, employee recognition, effective appraisals, empowerment, and communication and promoting employees skill development programs. Various human resource polices are being reviewed and rationalized by taking into account the industry norms to bring about an effective change in order to meet the challenges of highly competitive business environment. It helps to understand and evaluate the different and sometimes ambiguous views of human resource management by investigating its origins, explanatory models, technology and practice.

Number of employees in HR Department


In OGDCl, HR Department consists of number of employees under different job titles. There are round about 13 officers and 97 total staff, as well as there are also data processing officers.

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Recruitment and selection


Recruitment process in OGDCL is conducted under the recruitment section, which generates pool of potential candidates and acts as a real base to provide facilities of selection of new and old employees.

Recruitment and selection policies:


It is the companys policy to implement an appropriate recruitment system base on careful determination of the required competencies and objectives by implying effective search and selection methods along with the efficient means of communication with potential candidates. It is the policy of the company that, when ever possible, positions should be filled through internal job posting and promotions. All departments heads (EDs, GMs, Managers) are to fully participate and contribute to the hiring process of their respective management staff in collaboration with HR Department. The hiring process/procedures shall be specified by the HR Department. All department heads are responsible for making respective description and job specification in collaboration with an Hr Department, for the purpose of allowing Hr to set annual hiring plan. All recruitment ( direct or through services contractors) shall be done through human resource department in compliance with the companys laid down procedures and standards, no individual shall conduct recruitment or hiring activity without the specific knowledge and involvement of ED human resources. Candidates will be selected on the basis of applicable recruitment tests ( for entry level positions only ), qualification, experiences, ability, interest, aptitude and adoptability to the specific job recruitments, as already defined in the respective position description. The salary offered will be with in approved salary policy guideline of the company.

Functions of Recruitment Section:

-5Recruitment section basically performs the following functions When ever any department in OGDCL seems to require new employee, it informs the HR Department to hire new employee for that. Then HR Department analyzes the real situation, whether there is real need of new employee or not. HR Department advertize the vacant position in the news paper and in the media to generate the pool of potential candidates and through the recruitment process hire the new employee for the specific required department. Same as mentioned above when ever any department feels the need of employee for the hire position, it informs the HR Department. On the behalf of that department HR Department recruit the employee by generating the pool of potential candidates. When ever there is pool of potential candidates, to select the most appropriate candidate for the vacant position, HR Department conducts examination, interview and short list the available applicants. (R. khattak, personal communication, March 5, 2010)

Practices of recruitment:
After circulation to every department they analyze that how many employees perform their duties and how many are required and they take a deficiency with the scale. After the completion of circulation or survey they take the official approval from chairman and give advertisement through public relation department of the most required vacancies. The sources of advertisements used by HR department are news papers, media and internet. The recruitment procedure of the OGDCL is mostly related with CSS of Pakistan .i.e. as under:Punjab Sindh N.w.f.p 50% 11.4% 11.5%

After the advertisement, they receive application from all over Pakistan and conducts written examination. This examination is held in those departments, where the candidate want to join and that department send the result to recruitment section. OGDCl also hire the external agencies, which provide facilities of conducting examination of applicants. The selection procedure is recently shortly changed and is as under:-

Written Test Experience Academic Qualification

-640%weightage 30%weightage 30%weightage

The time for a written test is usually one hour. Those candidates who qualified the test are then sent a call for interview. Interviews are used to analyze the courage, boldness communication skill, convincing power and also his dealing with other people.

Recruitment types:
Regular employees Contract Basis employees Trainees Special Trainees Hiring through Contractor Classified appointment (R. khattak, personal communication, March 5, 2010)

Selection
Selection Practices:
Selection process in OGDCL starts with preliminary interview of the applicant who qualified the test. Depending upon the position, preliminary interviews board is formed, who conduct the preliminary interview. An applicants knowledge, skills and attitude is judged on the basis of following factors. Education (academic and Professional), Previous experience, Applicable tests (for entry level position only), Interviews References The results of the candidates interviewed are compiled in the order of merit. After conducting the preliminary interview, the successful candidates are preceded for the selection interviews, conducted

-7by selection board. This selection board is formed while considering the positions required. After selection interview, the successful candidates are required for pre-employment medical examination arranged by the HR department. In this way HR department completes the selection process and formulates the job offer. Job offer or appointment letter is delivered to the successful candidates. This letter clearly spells out the terms and the conditions of employment and the benefits applicable to the position. All management position offer letters are signed by ED (executive director HR), while Executive Directors position letters are signed by the chairman and CEO. When there is no suitable replacement available within the company and when all sources has been utilized with no results to fill the vacancy with highly potential candidate, then company rehire an exemployee on merit. For the requirement of certain position the company re-engaged the retired employees who are beyond the age of 60, after mutually agreed terms and conditions. In order to keep the track of attrition, to know the reasons leaving job and to collect the feed of leaving employee, the exit interview is conducted by the HR Department. This is also done in order to reduce employee turn over, because greater the employee turn over, greater will be the cost of employment. All these practices seem to be aligned with above mentioned policies.

Analysis:
To recruit the employees both internal and external methods are used with in the OGDCL, but analysis reveals that the corporation gives preference to the internal method. The main draw back of this method is that it blocks the way for new generation which carry new ideas and knowledge. Further more the recruitment system is also influenced by the nepotism of politicians. Not only recruitment of employees is influenced by the nepotism of politicians, but selection also. Employees for high positions are selected on the basis of personal relations and blood relationship. Though OGDCL is the largest and very multifaceted organization, in spite of that there is no computerized data based system to record the data of employees.

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Orientation
In the OGDCL all the new employees undergo the comprehensive orientation process. It usually with the arrival of new employee in OGDCL and continue for the time period of not more than one week. It comprises of class room presentation on all professional and organizational aspects by various department heads or their nominee and field visits to the related fields, if necessary. Through the orientation process new employees are introduced to their job, to their colleagues, co-workers, peers, and bosses. In short this process provides the information about environment of the field and the organization where new employee has to work.

Analysis:
There is the informal system of socialization and orientation practiced in the OGDCL. It means that there is no proper way of guiding their new hired employees. Less expenses are incurred by OGDCL to introduce their new employees with peers, bosses, and over all environment. Here Socialization and orientation is not considered an essential part of the system. It seems that orientation practices are not aligned with its policies

Training
All employees (regular and contract) are provided the opportunity of training to accord equal opportunities for professional development and to ensure effective management It is seemed that need of job redesign and technological break through in OGDCL require training of employees.

Training policies:
All matters concerning foreign/local trainings/attachments, conferences will be dealt with directly with the HRD (human resource department. The HRD department training coordinators shall work with Department Head and finalize a list of well reputed training sources both local and foreign in all disciplines of organizational development. The vendors shall then be prequalified by the HR Department.

-9The HRD department training coordinator, in vendors shall make a discipline wise local/foreign training calendar covering the professional and the organization development aspects through a TNA (training need assessment). The same shall be emailed to each department head by July 15th each year. In case of foreign program, the HRD department training coordinators are to ensure that proper lead time is forecasted for processing, keeping in view the visa/travel arrangements. The respective department head would be required to forward names with number of officers/staff that qualify the prescribed training benchmarks with in the announced deadlines, though an email to the HRD Department. The HRD Department training coordinators shall carry out due diligent, process the received names as per the prescribed parameters, get the required approvals and prepare the qualifying list.

Practices of trainings in OGDCL:


To implement its policies OGDCL use the following practices:

OGTI:
OGDCL has well build training institution to conduct the training of its employees. The training institute consists of OGDCL local instructors, outside local instructor (in case of absence of OGDCL instructor) and foreign instructor. These instructors provide the services of training the employees. They train the employees appointed by HR department and follow the relevant policies which ultimately leads to organizational development. Present employees are also sent to foreign country for training as per policy. OGTI provide the facility of sending employees to foreign for enhancing new skills, abilities and knowledge by joining training sections.

Local training programs:


Local training programs are mostly on going job training provided by the local trainers on the fields of OGDCL. Mostly these types of trainees are assigned job of training by the OGDCL.

Leadership training program:

- 10 Leadership training programs are mostly for the leaders with in the organization. This type of training is conducted by highly professional trainee from home country or from foreign expert assigned by OGDCL.this leads to overall organizational development as cited in the policy

Advance management program:


Advance management training programs are designed for higher level management. In these types of training highly expert trainees conduct proper training sections for the employees.

Conferences:
Conferences are held in OGDCL on the regular basis by GDTI. These conferences not only enhance the real knowledge about the exploration and production but also present the true picture of the real working scenario.

Analysis:
Training is used to develop the skills abilities and knowledge of the employees, in this regard lot of expenditure is made but unfortunately training facilities are awarded to the employees based on nepotism. As OGDCL has it training institute to facilitate employees, unluckily training sessions are held for reference based employees only. In addition, they dont use the efficient and effective training methods and techniques to build above mentioned attributes of the employees, such as no simulation techniques are adopted to train employees. Training is done mostly through on the job mentoring and coaching

Development and Promotion


Career planning and development:
Career planning is basically career orientation and career development. Career planning section is under the control of HR manager. It informs the employees of OGDCL about their future planning. i.e., they prescribed to the employees their operational set up. It informs the employees that what they will do after 5 years And 10 years. Promotion is main source of career planning here. The elaboration is as under:Promotions:

- 11 Promotion is the mixture of both merit and seniority in OGDCL. The company reserves its rights to promote or not to promote any functionary, with in the specified guidelines HR department shall prepare and finalize a list of all employees who are eligible for promotions along with options, by end of June each year the same shall be communicated to respective departments heads for consents, review remarks. Under mentioned criteria shall be adhered to for processing of all promotion cases. All promotions would henceforth be on the basis of merit. All eligible employees at the time of submission of promotion proposals should be considered and the employees securing highest points would be promoted subject to availability of vacancies. All positions are too benchmarked according to the educational qualification, number of years of relevant experiment and trainings/certification, required to efficiently carry out that particular function, minimum/maximum level that could be attained in that position, cross functional roles, care path etc. An employee to become eligible for promotion must physically complete two years services in the grade for promotion up to EG-VI and three years for promotion to EG-VII and exceptions can be when hire vacancy to be filled internally and available employees is of Outstanding profile. All promotions will be linked with the future organizational development needs of the company. There is no maximum limit of the services in one grade. The employees who are superseded twice for the promotion to the next grade will be considered to have been permanently superseded. However, their annual increment shall continue to be linked to their respective performance rating up to maximum of that level only. Their length of services shall be determined by the number of the years benchmarked for that position. For contractual employees to consecutive below average ratings, no contract extension shall be made after due diligence by HR. (T.Ahmad, personal communication, April 5, 2010) Promotion practices: For giving promotion to an employee its performance and relevant work experience is considered.

- 12 Promotion Criteria in OGDCL for officers was adopted in 1994. Its main components are: ACRs Qualification Technical Publications Relevant Experience : : : : 60% 15% 05% 20%

Seniority come fitness is the guiding principal in promotions The promotion cases of Staff are evaluated as per Promotion Criteria of 1991 its highlights are:

ACRs Qualification Seniority Experience Evaluations (Refer to promotion chart in appendix) Important factors for promotion:

: : : : :

25% 15% 05% 15% 40%

There are many factors affecting the promotion in OGDCL, such as experience for the post, number of the years in the vacancy, seniority, performance (ACR/PER Synopsis or qualification) prescribed qualification, requisite present executive group and finally disciplinary profile. While promoting any employee, above factors are kept at the mast priority to have a close look of them.

Organizational Development:
In OGDCL just like any other organization, organization is developed when its missionary objectives are met. To achieve missionary objectives goals are set up with in the organization. To achieve the goals certain strategies are formulated and finally strategies require actions and tasks to be implemented in the form of project.

Management Development:

- 13 Management development is linked with career development. Management development is done in order to enhance the effective decision making, better working management and to develop the sense of responsibility. The techniques the OGDCL practices for the career development are promotion of employees to higher levels and job rotation of the employees to various positions in different departments. They provide employees exposure to environment, which leads to the enhancement skills, abilities and knowledge.

Analysis:
Analysis reveals that career planning section works in close collaboration with the human resource department for planning career of their employees however not much time is given by the section to guide the employees for developing their career. They are usually guided in an informal way. OGDCL is only organization in the field of exploration and development of oil and gas resources of the country, but unfortunately does not use scientific techniques in career planning of employees promotions are major source of career development here. However is also analyzed that promotion process is comparatively slow which some times create a feeling of demotivation among employees. An organization is developed when its missionary objectives are met. So 0GDCL meets its missionary objectives through mega projects for organizational development

Performance Appraisal System


Performance review helps supervisors feel more honest in their relationship with their subordinates and feel better about themselves in their supervisory roles. Subordinates are assured clear understanding of what is expected from them, their own personal strengths and areas for development and a solid sense of their relationship with their supervisor. Avoiding performance issues ultimately decrease morale, credibility of management, the organizations overall effectiveness and wastes more of managements time to do what isnt being done properly.

Performance appraisal policies:


Appraisals based on balance score card model taking in facts the employees professional output as well as personal traits that may affects his performance.

- 14 All company employee will be appraised at the time of completion of trial (period will be of six months as per the recruitment policy). In case of satisfactory performance their services will be confirmed, and confirmation letter will be issued by the human resource department. At the time of the confirmation, management/ HR may consider salary adjustment. In case of UN satisfactory performance, Probationary period may be extended for further periods of three to six months .Appraisal will be done once every year during the period July-august on the prescribed appraisal form from employees .in management grades.

Practices:
The scoring system is having a major impact on effective performance appraisals. The accuracy and reliability of any scoring system increases with full descriptions or definitions and still better with examples for each score band. This gives everyone the same objective scientific reference points, and reduces subjectivity. All the departments at OGDCL are enforced to follow following performance rating Outstanding Very Good Normal Marginal Poor 05% 20% 50% 20% 05%

In OGDCL Issuance of ACR forms toke place to all departments according to time schedule usually 15th December of each year. And reception of the ACR forms toke place at the date of 1st March of each year. After receiving the forms proper record is maintained, because its secrecy and integrity is very important. Activities (ACR): ACR evaluate employees on the basis of perception and judgment.ACR was used to provide comprehensive instructions from time to time to educate and clear ambiguities. ACR forms have been serialized for officers to minimize duplication/ misuse.

- 15 Actually ACRs were not filled or /returned according to the notified schedule. Lot of time and efforts were involved in correspondence. Over-writing, use of fluid, mere marking instead of initials were the most commonly observed problems. There was lack of consistency in various parts of ACR that is frequently noticed. ACR replaced by PER Thats why ACR technique used for the purpose of performance appraisal was changed into PER (Performance evaluation report) in 2005. Through PER now employees are evaluated, on the basis of provided tasks, assignments and projects completion. It neglects the factors of biasness and perception based evolution. Relative and Absolute standards: . In the beginning ACR use relative standards to evaluate employees. They evaluate employees more on the basis of perception and judgment. However now a days it was replaced by absolute standards in PER. PER evaluates employees performance keeping in view job description of any specific employee i.e., performance is evaluated on the basis of pre assigned tasks checking whether they are fulfilled or not. On the basis of evaluation employees are promoted and given rewards. Basic component of the promotion criteria with their relatives weight age would be as under;1. Qualification 2. ACRs 3. Seniority 4. Relevant experience including Experience outside OGDCL 5. Assessment by the promotion Committee 40% ------------------Total 100% --------------------15% 15% 25% 05%

- 16 These five basic components are analyzed before promotion criteria. When any employee qualifies these components then he will be promoted with the approval of the chairman. For every employee it is necessary to get minimum 60% marks in above components. Classification method: Classification method is usually used to evaluate employees by establishing distinct classes of grades such as skills, knowledge, working condition and employees are evaluated on the basis of these criteria.

Analysis:
After analyzing the performance appraisal system it becomes clear that though PER is replaced by ACR which is more judgmental based and PER evaluates employees on the basis of certain assigned tasks but here also sometimes performance evaluation is influenced by personal relation and perception of the person who is being evaluated. Any body that has personal relations with his boss get high marks and is evaluated more positively.

Compensation
Compensation:
OGDCL provides 15% increment on the best performance, 7% increment on average performance and it also provides performance bonus on net profit. OGDCL provides additional benefits to employees such as friendly working environment, pick & drop Service, allowances for food, heads in annual budget for staff, fire Department, air base (under process) and fly camp (entertainment).

Other Benefits:
OGDCL develops appropriate retirement plan to benefit its employees In addition various kind of medical benefits are also provided X-ray and laboratory diagnostic facilities are available at M.C Islamabad. Patients are referred for hospitalization as and when required to hospital/nursing, homes /specialist on the panel of the corporation and re-imbursement is allowed when such facilities are not availed. Medicines are provided to patients from entitle panelist chemist through prescription. Vaccination facilities for

- 17 children are available at both medical centers and every Monday is specially fixed for this purpose. Ambulance equipped with first aid kit is available at medical centre Islamabad for 24 hours duty. Residential facility is also provided to facilitate its employees

Analysis:
It is analyzed that there is an injustice system of distribution of rewards to employees. The senior positions are rewarded higher as compared to rewards given to workers and junior positions. It also leads to demodulation among employees when they see and feel such big differences. Being a public sector organization it is also analyzed that OGDCL provides a number of facilities to its employees and try to retain its employees using this policy.

Recommendations
Following recommendations can be helpful to get rid of the weaknesses of the functioning of human resource department. Equal opportunities should be given to external employees during hiring process. This will bring new ideas, knowledge and experience to the organization. In addition recruitment should be done totally on merit basis.favorotism and nepotism should be avoided. In this modern area computerization of record is very much essential. There should be computerization of record because it is of great essence for speedy disposal and accuracy of record. Although OGDCL usually import technology from outside however to meet the changing needs it must take actions and allocate higher budget for hiring it. Formal method of orientation should be used. Training should be provided on the basis of requirement. Equal opportunities should be given to employees to train them. Full attention should be given to intensive professional training of staff in related fields. . The department can organize professional training at OGDC or with outside agencies etc and latest literature newspapers and magazines etc of professional interest should be provided at sites free of cost. Career planning section must give adequate time in guiding employees how to develop their career. Appraiser must appraise employees on the basis of actual performance. Performance evaluation on the basis of judgment should be avoided. To encourage the employees to take interest in their work rewards should be provided but there should be fair means of distribution of awards. Unjust distribution of awards must be avoided.empolyees should be encouraged to come up with their own ideas. Initiative killer

- 18 environment must be removed. In the end it is strongly recommended to eliminate the government influence on each and every function of HR department at OGDCL.

Conclusion
From this whole discussion we conclude here that though HR department has well formulated policies. There is strong need for the just implementation of such policies. Though each and every thing is written in papers about these policies but unfortunately practices in some cases are quite different. So practices must be in accordance of the policies and government should not use its influence and provide freedom for the proper functioning of Human resource department.

References
OGDCL..Retrieved from http://www.ogdcl.com/about-us/History.htm OGDCL. http://www.ogdcl.com/about-us/Strategy.htm OGDCL, retrieved from http://www.ogdcl.com/about-us/Directors.htm OGDCL, from http://www.scribd.com/Ejaz-Shahid.htm

- 19 Promotions Flow Chart


Re commendations of the Hea d of the Department

In com plete /Prema ture cases re turne d. Cases in orde r re taine d fo r processin g -

Eval ua tion Sheet, Seniori ty , AC R S ynopsis , Disci plina ry Profileothe r formali ties an d com plete d

Com plete d case su bmi tte d befo re De partmen tal Promotion Committee

Approval of the Managin g Di recto r/Board o f the Di recto rs

Promoti on Noti ficati on

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Company Secretary

E.D (Admin) GM (Admin ) Manager

E.D (Finance/ Accounts) General Managers

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P E R SO N N E L D E PA R T M EN T
A m j aJ da v e d M a n a g e r ( P e r) s o n n e l

O R G A N O G ORFA M

sh m K h a l i d P e r v e z K h u r s h e e d A . H a M u hi a m m a d I q b a l K h a n M u k h ta r A h m ad J i g e r M u h am m a d D C P O (C o or d )/ P ro g r a m m e r D .M D C P O (C ) D C P O (A ) P S (G ) ( B ,D ,P e n & E O B I ) C o m p u te r S e c M u h a m m a d Y o uAna is d A s la m h e r a z M u h a m m a d b S S h e i k h F a r eSea b i r H u s s a i n n a S h a uM aut h a m m a d K h a l id d Ra k PO * D .P .O * D .P .O P O (E ) P O (F ) S P O (B ) P O (D ) (E O B I / P e n )

S e c t io n s o f P e r s o n n e l D e p a r t m e n t
A F
T o ta l O f f i c e r s T o ta l S ta f f : 13 : 97

B G

E OBI / C O M P UTE R O R D CO P E N SION

D a ta P r o c e s s i n g O f f i c e r

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