ATTACK, VICTIMS, SUSPECTS: 4 SECTIONS

VOL.3 NO.269 W E D N E S DAY, S E P T E M B E R 1 2 , 2 0 01

w w w. n a t i o n a l p o s t . c om

Jets crash into World Trade Center, Pentagon; thousands dead; Bush says search is underway for those behind these evil acts

U.S. VOWS REVENGE

ATTACKS UNPRECEDENTED IN AMERICAN HISTORY
Planes heavy with fuel chosen for maximum damage Survivors making cellphone calls from beneath the rubble
B Y C H R I S WA T T I E

Wests moral failure at root of tragedy

Our holiday from historys undertow has come to an end
MARK STEYN
ou can understand why theyre jumping up and down in the streets of Lebanon and Palestine, jubilant in their victory. They have struck a mighty blow against the Great Satan, mightier than even the producers of farfetched action-thrillers could conceive. They have driven a gaping wound into the heart of his military headquarters. They have ruptured the most famous skyline in the world, the glittering monument to his decadence. They have killed and maimed thousands of his subjects, live on TV. They have reduced the hated Bush to a pitiful presidential refugee, spending the day of infamy bounced to ever more remote military airports, from Florida to Louisiana to Nebraska, by a staff which obviously knows less about the power of symbolism than Americas enemies do. And, for those on the receiving end, that money shot, as they call it in Hollywood the smoking towers of the World Trade Center collapsing as easily as old chimneys at an abandoned paper mill represents not just an awesome loss of life but a ghastly intelligence failure of the U.S. and a worse moral failure of the West generally. There was a grim symmetry in the way this act of war interrupted the President at a grade school photo-op. The federal government has no constitutional responsibility for education: It is a state affair, delegated mostly to tiny municipal school boards. But one of Bill Clintons forlorn legacies is that the head of state and the Commander-in-Chief of the most powerful nation on Earth must ll his day with pifing initiatives designed to assuage the niggling discontents of pampered soccer moms and other preferred demographics: elementary school programs, prescription drug plans for seniors, lock-boxes for this and that, and a thousand other trivialities. And so the President was reminded of his most awesome responsibility at a time when he was discharging his most footling. If you drive around Vermont and California, you spend a lot of time behind cars with smug bumper stickers calling for more funds to be diverted from defence to education, as this would prove what a caring society we are.
See STEYN on Page A16

After the most catastrophic terrorist attack in history, the United States vowed last night to wreak vengeance on those responsible for thousands of deaths and the destruction of the most visible symbols of U.S. nancial and military might yesterday. Shocked world leaders called the suicide assaults on New Yorks World Trade Center and the Pentagon in Washington a declaration of war on civilization. George Bush, the U.S. President, said the United States will hunt down and punish those responsible for these cowardly acts. The search is underway for those who were behind these evil acts, he said in a televised speech last night. We will make no distinction between the terrorists who committed these acts and those who harboured them. No group took responsibility for the attacks, but suspicion quickly fell upon Osama bin Laden, an exiled Saudi dissident given asylum in Afghanistan. His followers were responsible for murderous assaults on two U.S. embassies in Africa and he is suspected of helping Egyptian fundamentalists plant a bomb in the World Trade Center in 1993. Orrin Hatch, the top Republican on the U.S. Senate Judiciary Committee, said U.S. ofcials already have evidence to begin linking bin Laden to the attack. Mr. Bush told Americans he watched the tragic images of hijacked airliners crashing into the buildings with disbelief, sadness and a quiet, unyielding anger. A great people has been moved to defend a great nation, he said. The scale of the disaster, much of it witnessed by millions live on television, is almost incomprehensible. In a co-ordinated attack, teams of hijackers took over four wide-bodied commercial jets carrying 269 passengers and crew and ew three of them into their targets. Two slammed into the twin towers of the World Trade Center and the third roared into one side of the Pentagon. The fourth crashed in a eld near Pittsburgh, failing to reach its target, which was believed to be the White House, the U.S. Capitol or the presidential retreat at Camp David. The terrorists employed a coldblooded logic in their choice of planes. Each had taken off from an eastern airport with a destination on the West Coast, meaning they were fully laden with aviation fuel, ensuring huge explosions. There was no ofcial gure on the number of dead, but New York Police Department ofcials estimated it will be in the thousands. Hundreds of casualties are expected from the Pentagon attack. Last night 265 reghters were reported missing, including the re chief and deputy re chief. Eighty-ve police ofcers were missing. Many of the missing ofcials were inside the towers helping with the evacuation when the towers collapsed.
See ATTACKS on Page A19

THE ASSOCIATED PRESS / CARMEN TAYLOR VIA KHBS/KHOG-TV

At 9:03 a.m. Eastern time, a commandeered airliner that had been scheduled to fly from Boston to Los Angeles is steered into the south tower of the World Trade Center. Eighteen minutes earlier, the north tower had been struck.

Terror paralyzes financial markets global recession highlylikely

ASIAN MARKETS SINK
B Y JA C Q U E L I N E T H O R P E AND STEVE MAICH

The devastating terrorist attacks on the United States could tip the already fragile world economy into recession, analysts say. Stock markets around the world fell into panic selling yesterday, and as anxiety swept trading

oors in Europe and North America, investors ocked to such perceived safe havens as oil stocks, basic metals and government bonds. Fears of a severe economic recession, or even war, prompted analysts to warn of an initial slump in growth, lower interest rates and soaring oil prices. I think we have certied for all practical purposes a recession as a result of this, with the market being as fragile as it is, said Stan-

ley Nabi, a managing director at Credit Suisse Asset Management in New York. A full-blown global recession is highly likely, said Sung Won Sohn, chief economist at Wells Fargo & Co. in Minneapolis. Financial markets in New York, Chicago, Canada, Brazil and Mexico were closed shortly after the attacks. In Tokyo, the Nikkei 225 index fell below the psychologically important 10,000 point mark early

this morning as investors ed the equities market. The index was down 6.1% or 604.88 points to 9,661.57 points by midday. In Hong Kong, the Hang Seng index lost 9% of its value shortly after opening. The initial plunge was by more than a thousand points, from 10,417 to just above 9,300; by midday the index was back up to 9,494. At the New York Stock Exchange, ofcials suspended trading indenitely. It will be the rst time news has kept the exchange closed for two full days since the Great Depression. Nobody even knows when the markets are going to be open again, said David Rosenberg, chief Canadian economist at Merrill Lynch in Toronto.
See RECESSION on Page A20

70 cents plus applicable taxes

V C E R T H O M N S

A2

U.S. UNDER AT TACK

~ NATIONAL POST, WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 12, 2001

Today, our nation saw evil, the very worst of human nature, and we responded with the best of America, with the daring of our rescue workers, with the caring for strangers, and neighbours who came to ... help President George W. Bush
AMERICAN RESPONSE

WE WILL PASS THIS TEST

BUSH VOWS RETRIBUTION
U.S. Presidents routine day turns into a state of high alert
B Y JA N C I E N S K I
WA S H I N G T O N

The United States suffered an attack yesterday without historical precedent, with thousands feared dead. Here is a summary of the National Posts 46 pages of coverage:

COMPLETE COVERAGE
Page A3
7350 7300 7250 7200 7150 7100 7050 7000 10 a.m. 12 p.m. 2 p.m.

A SECTION C SECTION
U.S. UNDER SIEGE
Getting out alive, Republicans, Democrats unite in rage,
Page A4

STOCK MARKET EXODUS

TSE 300
CLOSE: 7048.80

With his nation in shock and a pall of smoke rising above the commercial and political capitals of the United States, a grim-faced President George W. Bush vowed to punish those responsible for the terrorist attacks that killed thousands of people. Speaking from the White House, he said the despicable terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon had failed to shatter the steel of American resolve. The United States would be open for business today, he vowed. He also promised to hit back at the terrorists and those who had helped them. We will make no distinction between the terrorists who committed these attacks and those who harboured them, he said. The President had begun his day in Florida, taking part in the routine visits that are so often the lot of the commander-in-chief, reading to Florida schoolchildren during a trip to the state to push his legislative package to reform U.S. education. But three minutes after he stepped into the Sarasota, Fla., classroom for a demonstration of second-graders reading skills, Andrew Card, his chief of staff, leaned over and whispered in his ear. Mr. Bushs expression hardened, but at that early hour, U.S. authorities thought the crash into New Yorks World Trade Center was a horrible accident. The President continued with the reading session until word came that the United States was under attack. He cut short the visit and television stations interrupted their programs to carry his remarks. Today, weve had a national tragedy, Mr. Bush said. Ive ordered that the full resources of the federal government go to help the victims and their families and to conduct a full-scale investigation to hunt down and to nd the folks who committed this act. Then Mr. Bush boarded Air Force One and, under ghter escort, ew to Barksdale Air Force Base in Louisiana, landing at about noon. Soldiers dressed in fatigues surrounded the airport. He was rushed to a meeting with his top security ofcials before issuing another brief statement. By that time, it was clear four airliners had been hijacked and one had been piloted into the Pentagon, the heart of U.S. military power. The President put the U.S. military on high-alert status. The resolve of our great nation is being tested, he said from the windowless brieng room at Barksdale. But make no mistake, we will show the world that we
H OW TO

-295.90

Symbolic bunker of safety is not safe any more,

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Why U.S. intelligence failed,

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TRADING HALTED

Striking back in haste must be avoided, Alexander Rose

Page A5

Close

NATIONAL POST

Borders on high alert,

Page A6

Panic selling predicted,

Page C1

Holy war on economic freedom, Terence Corcoran

Page C1

Airlines, insurers lead global market plunge,

Page C2

Gold prices soar as investors look for safety, Arab celebrations,

Page A6 Page C2

Airports shut down,

Page A7

TSE should have closed sooner, William Hanley

Page C3

Atlantic Canada hosting thousands,

Page A7

Global business grinds to a halt,

Page C3

Canadian military on guard,

PAUL J. RICHARDS / AGENCE FRANCE-PRESSE

Disaster expected to launch defence stocks,

Page C4

Page A7

George W. Bush, the President of the United States, receives word of the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center from Andrew Card, his chief of staff, during a visit to an elementary school in Sarasota, Fla., yesterday.

The view from the cockpit, George Jonas

Page A8

Closed market allows time to reflect, Jonathan Chevreau

Page C4

will pass this test. There are reports the fourth hijacked plane, which crashed in western Pennsylvania, was being aimed at Camp David, the presidential summer retreat in rural Maryland, about 100 kilometres from Washington. Worried the President was a possible target and the conditions in Washington were not ready for his return, Mr. Bush was own to Offutt Air Force Base in Nebraska, headquarters of the Strategic Air Command, the branch of the military in charge of U.S. nuclear missiles. In Washington, the Secret Service hurried Laura Bush, the rst lady, to a secure location. Mr. Bushs daughters were taken to secure facilities at the universities they attend. Dick Cheney, the U.S. Vice-President, remained at the White House despite an evacuation ordered by the Secret Service. He received updates at the White House situation room. Donald Rumsfeld, the Secretary of Defence, remained in the damaged Pentagon. Fighter jets roared above the White House and a helicopter gunR E AC H U S

ship clattered over the Mall, the ceremonial heart of Washington. On the ground below, grim Secret Service agents toting submachine guns closed wide swaths of the citys downtown. Authorities also moved senior members of Congress to safety in undisclosed locations. At Barksdale, reporters aboard Air Force One were not told of their destination and authorities

TODAY, WEVE HAD A NATIONAL TRAGEDY

prevented them from using their cellphones before boarding the plane. After landing at Offutt, Mr. Bush was whisked to a conference call with his National Security Council. The precautions were intended to prevent Mr. Bush from being the target of an assassination attempt, as the government tried to determine if there were any more terrorist attacks coming.

He understands that at a time like this, caution must be taken, said Ari Fleischer, the White House spokesman. Were in the process of maintaining the secure environment that the President has been [in] and will continue to travel in. While Mr. Bush spent much of the day aloft, his advisors, sensitive to the charge he was not at the helm, assured the nation the government was continuing to operate normally. Your federal government continues to function effectively, said Karen Hughes, Mr. Bushs counsellor. Once it became clear yesterday mornings four hijackings appeared to be the extent of the terrorist attacks, Mr. Bush reboarded his Boeing 747 and ew back to Washington, the plane again closely shadowed by Air Force ghters. His helicopter, Marine One, landed on the White House grounds yesterday evening. Mr. Bush immediately went to the Oval Ofce, where he met his advisors before addressing the nation.
National Post, with les from news services

Canadian cities on alert,

Page A9

D SECTION

Scott Feschuk on TV coverage,

Page A10

The rumour mill,

Page A10

Web news sites jammed,

Page A10

Film festival will go on,

Page A11

Emmy Awards postponed,

Page A11

Me, me, me and thousands dead, Roger Ebert

Page A11

THE SUSPECTS
Osama bin Laden profile,
Page D1

Sports stars consider stadium vulnerability,

Page A11

The legions that hate America, Page D1 Is Afghanistan a safe haven for terrorists?
Page D2

World Trade Center graphic,

Pages A12, A13

Office buildings, CN Tower closed as precaution,

Page A14

Who else could be responsible?

Page D3

SPEECH TO THE NATION

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Torontonians line up to give blood, Joe Fiorito

Page A15

Restraint at home but ruthless resolve, Page D6 Dont be afraid to call it war, Charles Krauthammer
Page D7

U.S.has stood down enemies before

Following are excerpts from a speech by President George W. Bush yesterday: Today, our fellow citizens, our way of life, our very freedom came under attack in a series of deliberate and deadly terrorist acts ... Thousands of lives were suddenly ended by evil, despicable acts of terror. The pictures of airplanes ying into buildings, res burning, huge structures collapsing, have lled us with disbelief, terrible sadness and a quiet, unyielding anger. These acts of mass murder were intended to frighten our nation into chaos and retreat. But they have failed. Our country is strong. A great people has been moved to defend a great nation. Terrorist attacks can shake the foundations of our biggest buildings, but they cannot touch the foundation of America. These acts shatter steel, but they cannot dent
WA S H I N G T O N

Former NHL player among victims, Page A23

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LOT T E R I E S

Unofcial results

Pick 3 Sept. 11: 1 1 9 Daily Keno Sept. 11: 6, 8, 17, 20, 26, 28, 32, 34, 35, 37, 38, 44, 45,

49, 51, 52, 60, 61, 64, 68 Winner Take All Sept. 11: 490714 Encore Sept. 11: 569041

the steel of American resolve Today, our nation saw evil, the very worst of human nature, and we responded with the best of America, with the daring of our rescue workers, with the caring for strangers, and neighbours who came to give blood and help in any way they could Tonight I ask for your prayers for all those who grieve, for the children whose worlds have been shattered, for all whose sense of safety and security has been threatened. And I pray they will be comforted by a power greater than any of us spoken through the ages in Psalm 23: Even though I walk through the valley of the shadow of death, I fear no evil for you are with me. This is a day when all Americans from every walk of life unite in our resolve for justice and peace. America has stood down enemies before, and we will do so this time.
Reuters

B SECTION COMMENT
A dark, dark age is upon us, Robert Fulford
Page A16

The Age of Irony is over, Andrew Coyne Page A18 An attack on civilization, Diane Francis Page A18

IMAGES OF TERROR
The day the U.S. ran out of luck: Scenes of destruction in New York and at the Pentagon in Arlington, Va.,
Pages B1 to B11

Yanks underestimated, Christie Blatchford Page A18

ONLINE
Background, related links, discussion forum, photo gallery and more at www.nationalpost.com

Changed forever in an instant,

Page B12

NATIONAL POST, WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 12, 2001 ~

U.S. UNDER AT TACK

A3

We had to walk a long way. Then we had to go down another level and came out and saw the buildings were in ames. From then on in, we were in shock. We just started walking really slowly, not realizing what had happened trade centre ofce worker
WORLD TRADE CENTER COLLAPSE

JEFF CHRISTENSEN / REUTERS

People look out of the burning north tower of the World Trade Center yesterday after it was hit by a commercial jet. Shortly after this photograph was taken, the north tower collapsed.

Trapped workers leap to their deaths

They jumped, some holding hands, to avoid ames
B Y M A R Y VA L L I S

Ofce workers starting their day in New Yorks nancial district rst realized something was amiss at 8:45 a.m., when a Boeing 767 ew low toward the World Trade Center. Moments later it slammed into one of the centres towers with an incredible impact, severe enough to register on seismic equipment in the region. People on the rst oor felt the oor shudder beneath their feet and could see pieces of the building drop past their windows, before they ran for the exits. United Airlines Flight 175 was carrying 56 passengers, two pilots and seven ight attendants. Eighteen minutes later, at 9:03 a.m., American Airlines Flight 11 glided into the centres second 110-storey tower. Emergency workers rushing toward the scene dove beneath parked trucks and buses for cover after the second impact, which sent a shower of glass, wreckage and debris into the streets below. A ball of re two city blocks wide engulfed a helicopter hovering nearby. Flight 11 was carrying 81 passengers, two pilots and nine ight attendants. It was kind of like a rumble, said Terence Watters, 38, a clerk at the New York Mercantile Exchange. I am sure that whole island shook. Fire began to envelop the tower oor by oor. Some workers trapped on the upper oors chose to leap to their deaths, rather than confront the ames. Some of them held hands as they jumped. Ofce workers watching the mayhem through their binoculars 40 blocks away could see them falling. A crowd that had been watching the scene unfold turned in terror and ran toward the waterfront. The rst tower, the south tower,

collapsed at 10:05 a.m. with a strange sucking sound. Robin Bates, a Toronto native working at a nearby ad agency, reeled from her 18-oor ofce window as the building disappeared into rising plumes of thick smoke. I thought, This cannot be happening, she said. It just started oor by oor sinking, like a banana, peeling right down. Clouds of dust more than 10 storeys tall surged down the the narrow streets of lower Manhattan like avalanche plumes. People were literally running for their lives, said Keith Lane, 38, a television cameraman caked in grey ash. Realizing they could not outrun the debris, others huddled for cover in telephone booths and behind Dumpsters. The second tower, the north tower, collapsed at 10:28 a.m. The towers had housed 40,000 employees and 1,200 businesses, including some of the worlds major nancial companies. Dust settled like a winter snow on the streets as loans forms, AT&T bills, insurance applications, rsums and other documents uttered down like ticker tape. Police in riot helmets worked to evacuate nearby buildings while police ofcers cleared adjacent streets of screaming, crying people and established command posts in nearby construction sites and ofces. An eerie spectacle of abandoned cars and open-doored tour buses lined Wall Street. The tourists had escaped into nearby shops that became refuges from the horror outside. A plane engine came to rest on the sidewalk near a Burger King. Teams of reghters and police ofcers emerged as silhouettes in the dust and raided hardware stores for masks, shovels and buckets and headed toward the World Trade Center once more. Construction workers from nearby building sites distributed boxes of dust masks among the crews. Ambulances and police cars covered with ash screamed down Madison Avenue, carrying dozens of wounded toward hospitals and emergency triage centres.

The steel girders of the destroyed tower loomed behind them, stooped over like a dead tree. By this time, the bridges, tunnels and roads leading into Manhattan were closed. The Empire State Building and the New York Stock Exchange were shuttered to prevent further damage. Shocked New Yorkers gathered around television sets set up outside grocery stores, hugging strangers and listening to the news of the events they had just witnessed. Survivors who had ed the towers moved like zombies, stunned to be alive. Smoke still covered the horizon. St. Vincents Hospital set up a makeshift treatment unit in the street outside its building in Greenwich Village and at Bellevue Hospital, 20 patients had been admitted by 11 a.m., including a pregnant woman. Crowds of people who had lost cellular phone

DUST CLOUDS MORE THAN 10-STOREYS TALL SURGED DOWN STREETS

service jostled to use pay phones to call their families. Rudolph Giuliani, New Yorks Mayor, gave an early afternoon press conference to report that subway and bus service had been restored throughout the city. But reporters wanted to know about the number of people killed: I dont think we want to speculate about that, Mr. Giuliani said. More than any of us can bear. Thousands of potential blood donors lined the walls outside various New York hospitals as hospital workers canvassed for donations on the streets. Ambulances raced up and down New Yorks avenues depositing casualties in uptown hospitals before returning to collect more. Other emergency workers ferried bodies across the Hudson River

to New Jersey. Paramedics waiting to head into the rubble were cautioned by Brian Stark, a former U.S. Navy paramedic who volunteered to help: Once the smoke clears, its going to be massive bodies. By 1:00 p.m., two aircraft carriers, the USS George Washington and the USS John F. Kennedy, were steaming for the New York coast, while frigates and destroyers also left port, all of them deployed to protect the U.S. coast from further attack. The rumble of military airplanes became familiar background noise as workers stuck downtown cleared the grocery stores shelves, using all of the coins left in their pockets to buy food because bank cards and credit cards would not work. As the day wore on, telephone service seemed to become more reliable and stranded workers nally contacted their loved ones. All day, res had been smoldering in buildings surrounding the disaster scene. Just after 4:00 p.m., however, reghters lost Building No. Seven of the World Trade Center Complex to raging ames. The 47-storey ofce building, one of seven that once made up the complex, was badly damaged by falling debris when the towers collapsed and had been evacuated. By 5:00 p.m., it was fully ablaze and just 20 minutes later, it too collapsed in a heap of dust, smoke and ash. Mr. Giuliani said the death toll would ultimately be horric. Hospitals were swamped with casualties. As the day became evening, families began to contemplate the day ahead. Gina Webster called parents of her childrens friends to spread the news that their school would be closed today as her six-year-old daughter, Anna, drew a picture of the World Trade Center on Mars. Ms. Webster was unable to reach the mother of one child in her daughters class, a woman who had worked in the World Trade Center. The death toll is unknown. Mr. Giuliani said at least 2,100 people were injured. A police source who spoke on the condition of anonymity said 78 ofcers were missing. A reghters union ofcial said an estimated 200 reghters had died in the rescue efforts.
National Post, with les from Michael Friscolanti, Andrew Mills, Francine Dub and news services

INSIDE THE SOUTH TOWER

We felt the shudder and that was a terrible moment

The following is a transcribed interview with a Canadian-born office worker who was in the south building of the World Trade Center when a hijacked commercial airliner struck the 67th floor. The interviewee, who declined to be identified, escaped with a group of co-workers.
Witness: I got to work probably at 8:30 a.m. I was getting a cup of tea and there was a shudder in the building and the lights blinked on and off and then we heard a noise. I looked out the windows and there was paper ying everywhere, and then I looked over at One World Trade and it was on re on the top of it. So we all ran out to the elevator, got partway down and then had to go the rest of the way down in the stairwell. Probably halfway down the stairwell, the second plane hit our building. That was not a good moment. It felt like the building was going to fall over. It was swaying back and forth, shuddering NP: Was there a loud explosion? W: I cant remember. Everybody said, Walk faster and everyone was calm, cool and collected. We got down into the basement of the building and they pointed us through the mall. We had to walk a long way. Then we had to go down another level and came out and saw the buildings were in ames. From then on in, we were in shock. We just started walking really slowly, not realizing what had happened. We felt like we needed to get out of the area, and um, what happened? I was somewhere downtown on a phone when the rst building collapsed. And, um I cant really remember everything. We walked quite a ways. There were no cars in the street. Lots of ambulances. Um, people really dazed and, uh NP: When you were standing there making tea and you saw the re in the other building, did you automatically assume another bomb had gone off in

the World Trade Center? W: No, no. We saw the re, and then someone said a plane hit the building and we, you know, thought it was just a plane accident. An accident. So we were somewhat calm until we were in the stairwell and we felt the shudder, and that was a terrible moment. NP: Was it the kind of shudder that threw you off your feet? W: Yeah. NP: People fell down? W: Uh, I dont think so. We all kept going. NP: Who organized the evacuation? W: No one. No one. There was no organization. NP: You just decided to get out of the building because the other one was on re? W: Yup. NP: That was a good decision. W: It was an unbelievable decision. NP: Once you were out, were the streets lled with soot and smoke? Could you see? W: Where we were, it was pretty clear but then we were in Oh I

THERE WAS NO ORGANIZATION

know what happened. We got to a gallery in Soho because we were trying to call and none of the cellphones were working. We got into the gallery and they had a TV on and we could start to see what had happened. And thats when the rst building [the one the worker had escaped from] fell. And then we were walking up Broadway and went into a store to get a battery for our cellphones and we heard a radio broadcaster describe how she had been at the base of the building when a huge reball exploded out of the basement of the building. She was implying there was a bomb in the basement of the World Trade Center, as well. NP: Did you notice the building leaning or being off-kilter after the plane hit?
See ESCAPE on Page A4

Sidewalk carnage, Page A21 Changed forever, Page B12

A4

U.S. UNDER AT TACK

~ NATIONAL POST, WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 12, 2001

Terrorists have declared war on the United States and theyve taken the war right to our heart. Theyve struck at our heart. Were going to have to strike back. Were going to have to nd them, locate them and eliminate them Senator Mike DeWine
AMERICA RESPONDS

Wake-up call puts partisan politics aside

WE STAND TOTALLY UNITED
Republicans and Democrats support President
B Y JA N C I E N S K I
WA S H I N G T O N U.S. political leaders were united in rage yesterday as they vowed revenge for the terrorist attacks on the country and its capital. These acts clearly constitute an act of war, John McCain, the U.S. Senator from Arizona, said. The perpetrators will be hunted down and suffer the full measure of our justice, he said. As ames leapt from the blackened ruins of the Pentagon, the U.S. military headquarters a few kilometres south of the Capitol, political battles over budgets and partisan struggles for temporary advantage faded into insignicance. Mr. McCain was joined in his anger by politicians from across the political spectrum. We may have our differences from time to time, but on a day like this, which rivals, if not exceeds the attack on Pearl Harbor almost 60 years ago, we stand totally united behind our President and our government, Senator Christopher Dodd, a Connecticut Democrat, said. The Pearl Harbor allusion was frequently used as members of Congress promised to ght back. Dana Rohrabacher, a California Republican, echoed the words President Franklin Roosevelt used after the surprise 1941 Japanese attack. This is not just a day of infamy, this is a tragedy, he said, blaming faulty intelligence for leaving the nation unprotected in the face of the devastating attack.

Survivor tries to donate blood after escape

ESCAPE
Continued from Page A3

W: I dont know. I was so disoriented. I was really off-kilter myself. I dont know if it was the building or me. NP: After that, how did you get back to Brooklyn [where the worker lives]? W: Um, we heard on the street that we needed to get away from downtown so we just started walking north. We also heard that everything was shut down. We got to a friends in the Village for a glass of wine and saw everything on TV and realized what wed escaped. It was just devastating. Then, oh, I know what we did! We decided we would go and give blood and walked over to the hospital. It was quiet but in a state of shock. There were people outside waiting to nd people. They turned us away. There had been a call on TV for blood but that hospital couldnt take us so we started walking further north. We got to a subway where they said there was a train running that could get me home. So I got on the train, and that was not fun. Being down below, packed with people, what the terrorists had targeted NP: How do you feel about New York City now? W:I dont know what I think about New York right now. Im totally stunned. And, you know there are people lost and missing. Its bigger than New York. Its huge. Its a huge, huge thing that has happened here in the U.S. Its not just New York.
National Post

Those people, those senior executives that weve been paying in our national security apparatus to protect the American people have utterly failed. This is a catastrophic failure of American intelligence, and tens of thousands of Americans have paid the price. As the scope of the attacks became clear, the Secret Service rushed to protect top members of the U.S. government. Senior members of Congress, including the Senate majority leaders and the Speaker of the House of Representatives, were taken to an undisclosed location, authorities said. From their safe haven, the leaders, including Republicans and Democrats, issued a joint statement: We are outraged by this cowardly attack on the people of the United States. We stand strongly united behind the President as our commander-in-chief. As sirens wailed across the city and smoke rose from the Pentagon, the attacks forced the rst mandatory evacuation of the Capitol building. Reports, later proved wrong, circulated of car bombs going off outside the U.S. legislature and at the State Department, on the other side of Washingtons downtown. The loud bangs may have been caused by jet ghters circling high overhead, protecting the city from any further attack. Inside the Capitol, frantic guards ran through the corridors yelling, Theres a plane coming! get out! The chaplain of the House of Representatives said a prayer before the building was evacuated. Most congressmen were in their ofces in the blocks surrounding the Capitol. They hurried from their ofces and huddled under trees outside. A quarter million federal workers also streamed from their ofces, told to go home as quickly as possible by a government fearful of further attacks. U.S. politicians vowed to return to work today, with the rst order of business being a resolution condemning the attacks. The next will be vengeance on whomever was behind the hijackings. This is total war. I think this is a wake-up call for America, said Senator Richard Shelby of Alabama, the senior Republican on the Senate Intelligence Committee. Standing in a park near the evacuated Capitol, Senator John Warner, the senior Republican on the Senate Armed Services Committee, said: This is our second Pearl Harbor, right here in the nations capital These were not just crimes against the United States, they are acts of war. We will prevail in this war, as we have prevailed in the past. May God bless us in this trial, defend us, and make our justice swift and sure. Senator Mike DeWine of Ohio, a Republican member of the Select Committee on Intelligence, called it a horrible day in American history we will always remember. Terrorists have declared war on the United States and theyve taken the war right to our heart. Theyve struck at our heart. Were going to have to strike back. Were going to have to nd them, locate them and eliminate them. Thats easier said than done. We have to try and do that. Senator Orrin Hatch, a Republican from Utah, pointed the nger of blame at accused Saudi terrorist Osama bin Laden, thought to be responsible for a long series of terror attacks against U.S. interests. He called on the United States to support rebels ghting Afghanis-tans hardline Taleban government, which shelters bin Laden, and to put pressure on neighbouring Pakistan to cut ties with the regime in Kabul. Well have to work with our allies, have an international strategy to combat this type of international jihad against the West, he said.
National Post

STEPHEN JAFFE / AGENCE FRANCE-PRESSE

When a hijacked airplane crashed into the Pentagon yesterday, it felt like a tornado, said employees of the nerve centre of the U.S. military. We heard the impact and the building shook. People were pushing each other to get out. Panic is panic, one witness said.

PENTAGON

Its the symbolic bunker of safety.It isnt safe anymore

SURVIVORS RECALL HORROR
BY M.E. SPRENGELMEYER A N D RYA N A L E S S I

The hijacked jet that crashed into the Pentagon in Arlington, Va., yesterday inicted major damage on the fortress that houses the nations military command center and serves as a symbol of American power around the world. Military ofcers in full dress uniform were seen dazed and cowering as they abandoned their ofces and ran. Its the symbolic bunker of safety. It isnt safe any more, said Marty Lodge of Arlington, Va. The Pentagons 20,000 employees began their day yesterday much like the rest of the United States, by watching shocking reports of airplanes that smashed into the World Trade Center in New York. I said, Theres no way to defend against that and they could get the Pentagon if they wanted to, said David Young, who works for the Defense Contract Management Agency. Those were my words ve minutes before this happened. Brenda Davis and her colleagues in the Armys congressional liaison ofce deep in the Pentagons bowels were glued to CNN. Then her

ofce shook, just like those in New York. We heard a big, loud crash, she said, shaken and near tears. Everyone was saying, We have to get out, we have to get out. Fireghter Alan Wallace was standing outside his re station when he looked across the nearby interstate and saw a white airplane with orange and blue trim heading almost straight at him. It slammed into the building just a couple hundred feet from him. When I felt the re, I hit the ground, he said. Inside a courtyard deep inside the Pentagon, program analyst Peggy Mencl heard the blast. The doors blew out and debris just came ying out from the doors, Ms. Mencl said. It blew me 10 feet. She was uninjured but still had debris in her hair. In the labyrinthine corridors of the Pentagon, which is located just west of the Potomac River, it was chaos, said Richard Bristow, a civilian Air Force clerk. We heard the impact and the building shook. People were pushing each other to get out. Panic is panic. I looked out the window and into the courtyard, and there was just a reball, said one witness. It felt like a tornado like something was trying to lift the roof of the building, said one employee whose ofce was near the explosion

but who declined to give her name. At a media brieng, Pentagon spokeswoman Torie Clark told the story of Captain Lincoln Liebner, who was outside the Pentagon when the blast took place. He rushed into the building to help. His hands were burned, and after he was taken away to a hospital for treatment, he returned later in the day to do more. Outside the Pentagon, thousands of misplaced workers meandered around, looking for co-workers or waiting for orders of what to do next. Some were being helped along, suffering from stress or minor wounds. One man collapsed, bleeding from the ankle. Several times, ofcial security personnel swept through the crowd shouting there were rumours of another hijacked jet on its way toward the Pentagon and ordering everyone away from the building. Oh, my God, several said as the mob started running. Even high-ranking military ofcials, forced with everyone else to abandon their ofces, were shaken. But they were also angry. We have a variety of plans for a variety of things, said Naval Rear Adm. Craig Quigley. But what youre seeing here is a full assault on the United States of America. Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld was in his ofce inside the Pen-

tagon when the blast happened. Mr. Rumsfeld rushed to the area of the blast helped load the wounded on to stretchers. He then retreated to the National Military Command Center where senior military leaders pondered the question: What now? About 90 minutes after the explosion, rescue teams formed in sets of four to wade through the deeper rubble. They enlisted Pentagon employees and average bystanders in the grim task of loading stretchers. As rescue workers pulled out uncounted victims from the Pentagon building, a caravan of water and juice from nearby convenience stores streamed in by car and by grocery cart. Medical staff from across Maryland, D.C., and Virginia were forced to load victims on everything from Dulles Airport buses to Walter Reed Medical Center transport. By noon, res had spread through the Pentagons outer ring as far as 20 ofces to the left of the crash site. On the other side of the rubble, just a few ofces were blackened. Construction crews had just nished renovating that part of the building, adding re-retardant insulation and blast protection. The side where res burned was to be next. Nicholas Holland, an engineer with AMEC Construction Management of Bethesda, Md., had spent the last two years working to reinforce the walls. Two summers ago, a blast wall of reinforced steel and concrete was installed right where the plane hit. It stood for 25 minutes after it was hit before collapsing, long enough for people to escape, Mr. Holland said. It did its job. But now were going to have to go back and do it all over again.
Scripps Howard news service

TH E AT TACK ON THE PENTAG ON

9:43 a.m. American Airlines Flight 77, from Dulles Airport with 64 people on board, crashes into the west wall of the Pentagon between Corridors 4 and 5. Impact is above the first floor of the outer E Ring and penetrates through to the C Ring, in the newly renovated Army wing.

N
Dulles Intl Airport Pentagon ARLINGTON, ARLINGTON VA. Washington Monument Ronald Reagan National Airport

WASHINGTON, D.C.
White House U.S. Capitol
95

495

The Pentagon

395

ALEXANDRIA,VA. 295 ALEXANDRIA

95
Co rr id o r 5

95

ON NY
Co rr id o r 4
Rin Rin Rin g Rin D gE

VT MA CT PA

gB

NJ MD

gC

OH

10:10 a.m. A steel and concrete blast wall at the impact site collapses. Fires spread through the building's outer ring. Damage and injuries are limited thanks to the shape of the building, and by the recent installation of blast-proof glass and fire-retardant insulation.

Pentagon facts: Headquarters of the U.S. Department of Defense Built during World War II 17.5 miles of corridors and 3,700,000 square feet of office space Employs about 23,000 people, 60% military, 40% civilian Evacuation time: 10 minutes

WV

Area Shown VA

TN

NC

SOURCES: CP, AP, AND REUTERS; RICHARD MCGAHA, UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY; MAJ. GEN. PERRY M. SMITH (USAF RET.)

DEAN TWEED, MIKE FAILLE / NATIONAL POST

NATIONAL POST, WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 12, 2001 ~

U.S. UNDER AT TACK

A5

This goes to prove the whole argument you dont need weapons of mass destruction; all you need is an airliner loaded with jet fuel. You need the imagination to recognize the vulnerability and exploit it successfully security expert Tim Brown
COUNTERTERRORISM

ABC

EPA-NTV

FOX TELEVISION

A hijacked airliner crashes into the south tower of the World Trade Center in New York yesterday morning. The event was captured by TV crews covering a plane crash into the north tower minutes earlier.

COMMENTARY

Wait for red mist of anger to clear

ALEXANDER ROSE
i n Wa s h i n gt o n

FOX TELEVISION

NATIONAL SECURITY

Intelligence knew some group planning this

Obviously, we didnt do enough, retired general says
BY PETER MORTON
WA S H I N G T O N U.S. intelligence received a number of advance warnings that a terrorist attack was imminent, but failed to react adequately, leading ofcials admitted yesterday. Weve known for some time that some group has been planning this, said retired General Wesley Clark, the former supreme NATO commander. Obviously, we didnt do enough. Bob Graham, chairman of the Senate Intelligence Committee, said the United States had been warned this summer and security had been stepped up at key vulnerable areas. Im not surprised there was an attack, he said. Im surprised at the size of the attack. U.S. military sources said a world-wide advisory had been sent to all U.S. embassies in recent days, saying there could be attacks on U.S. targets. It wasnt suggesting that we should relax we would expect to be cautious, an ofcial said. But no one expected anything like this. His admission comes as intelligence experts ask how the United States could have been caught napping. Its probably the biggest intelligence blunder in any of our lifetimes, said Representative Dana Rohrabacher, a Republican from

California. The people that we have given billions of dollars to to protect us, have left us at the mercy of this type of major terrorist operation. He said the top ofcials at the Federal Bureau of Investigation and the Central Intelligence Agency knew about the terrorist threat but did little. We should do a clean sweep [of them], he said. Although the FBI is the lead agency responsible for counterterrorism, there are another 50 U.S. agencies with similar responsibilities often at odds with each other. In May, George W. Bush, the U.S. President, ordered a complete review of the countrys counterterrorism policies to better co-ordinate activities. But even if U.S intelligence was more effective, massive operations like yesterdays attack are difcult to combat, said Jerrold Post, a Washington anti-terrorist expert. I wouldnt say its a massive breakdown in intelligence, as incredible as that sounds, he said. Rob Owen, executive vice-president of GlobalOptions, an international company that specializes in counterterrorism, said part of the problem has been the U.S. reliance on such technology as spy satellites, rather than on building up networks of operatives inside extremist groups. The United States has had difculty with the human intelligence, with breaking into these groups, he said. The closed nature of Islamic terrorist groups makes it almost impossible to penetrate them. The United States would have to put Soviet-style moles and sleep-

ers in the organizations, who would spend decades establishing themselves, attending radical Islamic schools and winning trust. All the hijacked planes were Boeing 757s and 767s, Mr. Owen said, speculating the terrorists had been trained to y those airliners and were at the controls when the planes hit their targets. No pilot, even with a gun to his head, is going to y into the World Trade Center towers, said Gene Poteat, president of the Association of Former Intelligence Ofcers. [The terrorists] ew the planes themselves. While operating the planes required substantial know-how,

U.S. WARNED IN SUMMER, SECURITY RAISED IN KEY AREAS

yesterdays attacks relied on sophisticated overall orchestration, said Tim Brown, senior analyst with Global Security.org in Washington, which researches the proliferation of nuclear, biological and chemical weapons. This goes to prove the whole argument you dont need weapons of mass destruction; all you need is an airliner loaded with jet fuel, he said. The actual skills of the individual operators isnt particularly great, but you need the imagination to recognize the vulnerability and exploit it successfully in an orchestrated manner. Experts also pointed to key

breakdowns in airport security. Mr. Owen said he expected airport security would be beefed up after the attacks, given that two of the ights originated at Bostons Logan Airport, which has been criticized for its sloppiness in this area. Maybe the federal government should take over airport security, he said. The people doing it now are earning the minimum wage. There is high turnover and there have been many instances where they have been tested and they have failed. One has to look at the fact that we are also looking at problems with security at U.S. airports to carry this attack out those problems are well documented. They are in the public domain, added Chris Yates, an aviation expert with Janes Intelligence Review in London. You could say this has been a disaster waiting to happen. Although few clues have emerged about how the terrorists managed to get weapons through airport security, it appears some at least were carrying knives. Barbara Olson, who was on board the American Airlines Flight 77 that slammed into the Pentagon, called her husband, Ted Olson, the U.S. SolicitorGeneral, to say the hijackers had herded the passengers and the pilot to the back of the plane and were carrying knives and cardboard cutters. The experts agreed that yesterdays attacks pinpoint the vulnerability of civilian airplanes. It drives home the point that civil aviation is still one of the most vulnerable entry routes for terrorists to engage in mass attacks, said Paul Wilkinson at the Center for Studies in Terrorism in Washington, adding this is the rst time the ying bomb suicide weapon has been used since the Second World War when Japanese kamikaze pilots crashed their planes into U.S. warships. It has been threatened from time to time but this is tragically the rst time we have seen it implemented, he said.
National Post, with les from Jan Cienski

he dislike and fear of outsiders ghting dirty against honourable Americans, especially on their home turf, has a history dating back to the American Revolution. The more hotheaded Revolutionary populists incessantly warned of the underhanded British war tactics. The fear of being caught unaware reached its apogee in the aftermath of the Japanese sneak attack on Pearl Harbor on Dec. 7, 1941, an offensive brilliant in military and operational terms but disastrous in the furious reaction it provoked. Slow to anger, but relentlessly vengeful when roused, the United States determined to annihilate the Empire of Japan. No conditional surrender or armistice would ever be acceptable as payment for innocence betrayed. Speaking volumes as to how deeply the Day of Infamy is engraved in the American national consciousness, there were few U.S. ofcials who today did not call the terrorist attacks against the World Trade Center and the Pentagon a second Pearl Harbor, adding that the perpetrators would be hunted and found, brought to justice, vengeance exacted and freedom defended. The nations blood is up, but the risk is not that Washington will strike hard, but too fast. Although there are rumours of who is responsible, for the moment accurate intelligence is scarce. It will emerge eventually, but even then the United States will be in something of a bind. How do you punish the puppet masters if you cannot nd them, and even if you can, what level of punishment is required? Will just one massive retaliatory blow sufce, or should Washington think long-term, calmly collect the evidence, solve the puzzle and roll up those responsible one by one? The latter course may not be as immediately satisfying as the former, but it may be more effective. On the other hand, such a violent rape might call for instant, devastating action. Once the smoke had cleared from the listing decks of the ruined Pacic eet in 1941, there was a clear enemy to battle. But there is no clear enemy at work here, only shadows and wraiths leading us up blind alleys. Fullblooded executive action should wait until these alleys can be properly illuminated. The United States must rise above the red mist of its anger and not act prematurely. Acting in angry haste may quench the popular thirst for bloody revenge, but it leads to mistakes and misjudgments. When the time comes, punishment may be administered mercilessly and ruthlessly toward the guilty, and appropriate measures taken against their accomplices and sympathizers. The bright spot the only one in this tragedy is that, belatedly, a few issues may be claried. First, the scoffers, both in Cana-

da and in the United States, who consistently poked fun at Washingtons paranoia about terrorists and its desire for stricter border controls, have nally been chastened into silence. Secondly, those politicians, journalists at certain newspapers and activists who have made excuses for terrorists invariably known as freedom-ghters and drawn a moral equivalency between the actions of a democratic state and the work of hooded, ideologically fanatical guerrillas should hang their heads permanently in shame. Thirdly, the bombings will galvanize the United States security apparatus. Under the Clinton administration, the terrorist threat was not taken as seriously as it should have been. Despite concrete signs that Baghdad sponsored the 1993 World Trade Center bombing in collaboration with Osama bin Laden, the Clinton administration declared that it was the work of an autonomous cell in order to avoid having to grasp the Iraqi nettle. Worse still, the effort to capture bin Laden was distinctly lacklustre. As a result, the U.S. counterterrorism campaign appeared to lack teeth. Henceforth, counterterrorism will be the number one priority. The current heads of the CIA and the FBI counterterrorism unit may have to resign, and a new forward policy of actively preventing terrorism, rather than just reacting to it, will be

THE NATIONS BLOOD IS UP, BUT THE RISK IS WASHINGTON WILL STRIKE TOO FAST
put into place. There will be a realization there is no negotiating with terrorists. It may not go unnoticed in Washington that the Israeli strategy of eliminating terrorists and suicide bombers before they push the button may elicit calls of illegality from nice liberal democratic states, but it works. Future policy in the aftermath of this second Day of Infamy must consist of more than blind revenge. Domestically, the entire national security infrastructure is going to have to be redesigned to account for this terrifying new era. Internationally, the bombing must coalesce civilized nations into a cohesive front adamantly opposed to terrorism of every sort. This front must do more than issue the usual condemnations of terrorism: It must frame a systemic, longterm policy toward terrorists and those states that harbour and sponsor them. Finally, on the conceptual level, the West must grasp that it, as a whole, is in mortal danger from fanaticism of various colours, and that terrorism is not aimed exclusively at the United States.
National Post

A6

U.S. UNDER AT TACK

~ NATIONAL POST, WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 12, 2001

I present my condolences to the American people and to President Bush and his government, not only in my name but in the name of all the Palestinian people Yasser Arafat, president of the Palestinian Authority
WORLD REACTION
SECURITY

BORDER ON HIGHEST STATE OF ALERT

CROSSINGS REMAIN OPEN
BY MARK HUME
in Point Roberts, Wash.,
AND

TOM BLACKWELL

RAMZI HAIDAR / AGENCE FRANCE-PRESSE

Palestinians celebrate at a refugee camp in Beirut yesterday at the news of terrorist attacks on the United States that destroyed the World Trade Center in New York.

ALLIES

Disbelief turns to furyaround the globe

Britain, Russia send messages of support to United States
BY MARINA JIMNEZ
in Toronto
AND

CARL HONOR
in London

Government leaders around the world reacted initially with disbelief, and later with fury and resolve, to terrorist attacks yesterday in New York and Washington, calling the blows a declaration of war on democracy and a turning point in history. Many leaders called emergency security meetings and shut down airports as the full scope of the tragedy unfolded, and as they reected on who could be responsible for the carnage in the worst terrorist attack of all times. Gerhard Schroeder, the German Chancellor, called the aerial assaults on New Yorks World Trade Center towers and the Pentagon in Washington a declaration of war against the entire civilized world, while Tony Blair, the British Prime Minister, called the mass terrorism the new evil in the world today. It is perpetrated by factions who are utterly indifferent to the sanctity of human life and we the democracies of this world are go-

ing to have to come together and ght it together, he said. In a statement from Buckingham Palace, the Queen said she watched developments in growing disbelief and total shock and offered her prayers to Americans. Around the world, people followed the drama on television, transxed by the horrifying image of the second hijacked plane crashing into the World Trade Centers south tower. As both towers collapsed into dust and ames, leaders in most Western capitals moved quickly to guard against the possibility of further attacks. In Canada and the United States, all ights were cancelled and security was tightened at airports and along the Canada-U.S. border. The Mexico-U.S. border was closed. In Britain, the citys nancial district was evacuated and civilian ights over central London cancelled. Throughout the afternoon and evening, as British television broadcast rolling coverage of the disaster, people gathered in pubs, homes and shops to watch the scenes of carnage. Mother of God, one woman whispered. I cant believe this is happening. A man beside her added: Its like the end of the world. At the Northcote, a trendy bar in Battersea, south London, the atmosphere was funereal: I feel sick, said one man, pushing aside his pint of lager. It makes you feel

KIERAN DOHERTY / REUTERS

PATRICK KOVARIK / AGENCE FRANCE-PRESSE

Tony Blair, the British Prime Minister, called mass terrorism the new evil in the world today.

Jacques Chirac, the President of France, rushed back to Paris for emergency Cabinet meetings.

like nowhere is safe anymore. To varying degrees, the rest of Europe also went on a war footing. NATO evacuated its headquarters in Brussels. In Italy, Rome put its main international airport on maximum security alert and ags were lowered at the ofces of the Italian prime minister and at ofcial buildings in Germany. Jacques Chirac, the French President, cut short a visit to Brittany and rushed back to Paris, where he held an emergency Cabinet meeting. The European Union equated the attack with the one on Pearl Harbor 60 years ago, which killed 2,280 soldiers and 68 civilians. This is an act of war by madmen, said Chris Patten, the EU External Relations Commissioner. The ght against international terrorism is going to dominate the international agenda until its won. Later, after emergency security meetings, many Western leaders vowed unprecedented solidarity to ght the terrorist forces behind the attacks. This is not a battle between the U.S. and terrorism, but between the free and democratic world and terrorism, Mr. Blair said. We in Britain stand shoulder to shoulder with our American friends in this hour of tragedy and we, like them, will not rest until this evil is driven from our world. In a Dear George telegram to the U.S. President, Vladimir Putin, the Russian President said: The series of barbaric acts directed against innocent people lls us with indignation and revolt. Such inhuman acts must not go unpunished." He also convened an emergency meeting of his power ministries and the air force announced a series of emergency anti-terror measures to protect Russian airspace. The world must unite to combat terrorism, the plague of the 21st century, Mr. Putin said later, describing the terrorist strikes in New York and Washington acts of unprecedented aggression by international terrorism a challenge to the whole of humanity. Pope John Paul II said he was shocked by the unspeakable horror of [the] inhuman terrorist attacks against innocent people. Dozens of other world leaders issued statements of condolence, outrage and sympathy, including the presidents of the Philippines, Senegal and Mexico and the former president of South Africa, Nelson Mandela, who was stunned by the news. The Japanese Prime Minister offered to do anything we can do on our part to help Washington, and increased security around the U.S. bases in the country. General Pervez Musharraf, the Pakistani president and a key ally of Afghanistan, was also quick to condemn the brutal and horrible acts of terror, and deploy police to protect the U.S. embassy and consulates in Pakistan.
National Post, with les from news services

ManyArabs celebrate; leaders decryattack

BULLS EYE
BY MARINA JIMNEZ

Leaders of the Arab world were quick to condemn yesterdays terrorist assaults in New York and Washington, but on the streets of the Middle East many ordinary Arabs paraded joyously, distributing candies to celebrate the catastrophic attacks. Bulls eye, exulted two taxi drivers in Cairo as they watched footage of the twin towers dissolve in plumes of smoke. Congratulations, shouted another crowd of people, huddled around a shop window. In Arab East Jerusalem, several dozen Palestinians honked wedding tunes on their car horns. At a refugee camp in Lebanon, young men and women danced in the streets to the beat of drums and the explosion of reworks. Big and small, America is full of pigs, they chanted. At another camp, Ain al-Helweh, in Lebanon, Palestinian refugees red assault ries and grenades into the air jubilantly. In Nablus, a town in the West Bank, 3,000 people poured into the streets, including a 48-yearold woman in a long, black dress who cried out in happiness: America is the head of the snake, America always stands by Israel in its war against us. Others chanted God is Great and handed out sweets, even as their leader, Yasser Arafat, conveyed his condolences to the American people and called the attacks a crime against humanity. This is something that is not believable, Mr. Arafat said. I present my condolences to the American people and to President Bush and his government, not only in my name but in the name of all the Palestinian people. Other Arab nations, including Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and Yemen, roundly condemned the attacks. Hosni Mubarak, the President of Egypt and a key U.S. ally, called the terrorist blow horric beyond imagination and offered to assist the United States in any way. But ordinary citizens in Cairo rejoiced, saying the U.S. deserved the wave of deadly attacks against its cities and that justice was being served for Washingtons bias toward Israel. This was an expected thing, because of the conditions in Palestine and the U.S. control over Arabs and people. People have reached a state of despair, said Mohamed Suleiman, a 41-year-old artist. Asked about the loss of innocent lives in the attacks, Mr. Suleiman shouted: And what about the

Palestinians? ... Arent they civilians as well? Now the United States can feel what its like to be under attack. Although the culprits are unidentied, Israeli and U.S. ofcials pointed the nger at Islamic extremists. The U.S. government has become increasingly unpopular in the Middle East over what is seen as its unrestrained support for Israel in its bitter conict with the Palestinians. Perhaps fearing reprisals, radical Palestinian groups, such as the Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine, hurried to offer condemnations, denying their involvement in the co-ordinated acts of terrorism, which saw two jets crash into the twin towers of the World Trade Center0 and a third aircraft crash into the Pentagon. Afghanistan, which offers refuge to accused terrorist Osama bin Laden, insisted it was not involved in the attack. We want to tell the American children that Afghanistan feels your pain and we hope that the courts nd justice, said Mullah Abdul Salam Zaeef, the Taleban ambassador to Pakistan. He also denied that Osama bin Laden, the Saudi fundamentalist who is accused of masterminding the 1998 twin bombings of U.S. embassies in East Africa, had played any role in the tragedy: Osama [who the Taleban have refused to extradite] is only a person, he does not have the facilities to carry out such activities. Israel went into defensive mode, closing its airspace to all foreign carriers for 24 hours and putting its air force on high alert. Ariel Sharon, the Prime Minister, pledged support for the United States, and the Defence Ministry dispatched army teams for the United States. Benjamin Netanyahu, the former Israeli prime minister, called the events a turning point in history and called for the formation of an international front against terrorism. The time has come to destroy terrorist regimes starting with the Palestinian Authority, he said. Daniel Pipes, director of the Philadelphia-based Middle East Forum, said the American psyche has been largely indifferent to the profound hatred toward them although that attitude may now change. There is a huge anger built up against the U.S. and there are many causes for it, ranging from the trauma of modern Islam and the difculty Muslims have had to the American support for Israel at a time of violence and crisis, Mr. Pipes said. Its by no means unanimous but it is a powerful political force and it is on the streets.
National Post, with les from news services

Motorists heading to or from the United States can expect lengthy waits at border crossings today as Customs agents maintain a high alert that has already jammed trafc, shut down bridges and held up travellers for hours at a time. Ofcers on both sides of the border have been ordered to closely check vehicles traversing the worlds longest undefended frontier in the wake of yesterdays terrorist blitz against the United States. We are at threat-level one, which is our highest state of alert, said Dean Boyd, spokesman for the U.S. Customs Service. It means people will be working extra long and hard and conducting additional searches using the technology they have. There may be delays but its an action you have to take given the circumstances we have. Neither country has decided to close the international border, despite reports to the contrary and sporadic, local shutdowns yesterday. There were some major tie-ups, however. In Sarnia, Ont., a major border point for commercial trafc, the Bluewater Bridge was shut down completely from 4 p.m. to 6 p.m. for unspecied security reasons, said Danny Yen, spokesman for Canada Customs. He refused to say if there had been a threat against the structure. In nearby Windsor, Ont., which links with Detroit, authorities closed the cross-border tunnel and bridge for up to 90 minutes each to try to manage the heavy trafc, Mr. Yen said. Travellers are usually waved through with a cursory question or two, not subjected to a grilling, and the result in Windsor was waits of up to two hours. It was a rather unique day, Mr. Yen said. Trafc was very, very, very busy at times, with long backups and delays. At the Peace Arch border crossing, the main artery linking Seattle and Vancouver, RCMP ofcers were agging down cars and advising drivers to turn back. The border was closed at times, then re-opened. There were long lineups as security ofcers searched every vehicle and drivers were told the wait would be indenite. Even at the rural Point Roberts, Wash., border crossing, where the trafc is made up mostly of cottagers and boaters, two border agents went through every vehicle, searching trunks, looking under hoods and checking the undercarriages of vehicles. Some of those waiting in their cars at the border crossing bowed their heads and wept as reports came in from New York and Washington, D.C. A bus carrying 44 tourists from Green Bay, Wis., to Sault Ste. Marie, Ont., had to turn around yesterday and drive the eight hours back home after border ofcials in Michigan refused to let it into Canada. They called us from the border and told us they had to cancel their reservations and go back to Green Bay, said Jennifer Honka, a clerk at the Water Tower Inn in Sault Ste. Marie, where the tourists had booked 26 rooms. Michel Proulx, a spokesman for Canada Customs, had some advice for travellers heading to the United States. If theyre approaching one of the high-volume border crossings, it mightnt be a bad idea to stop and pick up a book or magazine, because they may be there for a while. In Point Roberts, residents were reeling from the wave of terrorist attacks. I remember Pearl Harbor, said Jim Julius. I was a young man, just signing up for service then. This is like Pearl Harbour. Its an act of war. I believe that. This is war all weve gotta do now is nd out whos on the other side of it.
National Post, with les from Sarah Schmidt and Michael Friscolanti

NATIONAL POST, WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 12, 2001 ~

U.S.UNDER AT TACK

A7

Be patient because nobody has ever seen this before. You have bad storms and things like that, but you very rarely shut down a continent for weather this terrorism is to some extent the worst weather possible Professor Douglas Reid
AIR TRAFFIC
SECURITY

Canadian militaryon high alert

NAVY READY TO SAIL
Chrtien condemns cowardly and depraved attacks
AND

BY ROBERT FIFE JA N E TA B E R

TIM KROCHAK / HALIFAX CHRONICLE HERALD

A Lufthansa airliner prepares to land at Halifax airport yesterday, where by 4:30 p.m. more than 40 aircraft belonging to dozens of airlines, including Air Portugal, British Airways and Singapore Airlines, were lined up on the tarmac.

TARMACS CLOGGED

CANADIANS OFFER HOMES TO STRANDED

400 international jets diverted across country
BY FRANCINE DUB
in Toronto

IAN BAILEY
in Vancouver

International passenger jets crammed Canadian tarmacs yesterday after all United States airports were closed in the wake of the terrorist attack that levelled the twin towers of the World Trade Center in New York. About 400 planes were expected to be diverted throughout the day, pouring 10,000 people into Halifax alone. By late afternoon, Vancouver International Airport had received 34 planes diverted from North American destinations, carrying as many as 6,000 people. Another 25 planes were expected at Lester B. Pearson International Airport in Toronto. St. Johns International Airport closed its runways after taking in 27 aircraft with 5,000 passengers. Fifty-seven ights were expected to land into the night at the airport in Gander, Nd. At least 100 controllers and other staff were pulled out of courses and called in on their time off to help handle the deluge of international ights, said Paul Hornbeck, a spokesman for Nav Canada, the agency that handles air

trafc control at Canadian airports. International arrival terminals across the country were choked with people while departure areas were virtually deserted all outbound ights across Canada were cancelled, except for humanitarian or search-and-rescue missions, police and military ights. Passengers stood in line with their luggage, waiting for hours to be searched before they could be permitted to leave. Bev Aurich, a traveller from Sydney, Australia, who had been headed to Anchorage, Alaska, before being grounded in Vancouver, said she did not mind the inconvenience. We shouldnt be upset about missing a little trip, when there is

WE SHOULDNT BE UPSET ABOUT MISSING A TRIP

such devastation in the United States. Were better to be delayed and be comfortable than to keep to our schedule and risk something, she said. In Toronto, some airport hotels reacted to the situation by increasing their rates to the maximum legal tariff. Meanwhile, concerned residents around the country showed up at airports to offer their homes to travellers.

I had to take the energy I felt and direct it, said Ena Bendon, a Vancouver woman who showed up at the airport to offer accommodation. I thought of someone with kids here, terried. I had to do something. Lufthansa pilot Axel Algner was ying a passenger jet from Frankfurt to Chicago when he was told there had been an incident in Manhatten and all planes were being grounded. It wasnt until he landed his plane in Toronto that he was informed of the details. What I thought is that it was a joke. I couldnt believe it, its still hard to believe. It just gives me goosebumps even talking about it, he said. Another pilot said he was instructed to lock his cockpit after being told the news. On the ground at Pearson, the airport began a news blackout at 10:30 a.m., according to one passenger. Travellers grouped around fellow passengers with cellphones to learn the details of what had happened. Others lined up to use payphones. Rabbis and Roman Catholic priests were brought in to counsel passengers. In Calgary, which took at least ten diverted ights, every hotel room was lled by early afternoon, but tourism ofcials said residents were opening up their homes to travellers. In Winnipeg, hotels were also booked solid by early afternoon, prompting the city to invoke its emergency measures plan, transforming public buildings into makeshift dormitories equipped with camp cots, said Penny McMillan, of Tourism Winnipeg. The airport took in 14 diverted domestic ights and three international ones generating 1,500 overnight guests. At Vancouver International Airport, Layne Daggett, the airport chaplain, said he placed 500 people, but others still needed accommodation. I have a strong faith that God is in control even in these kinds of atrocities, he said.
National Post, with les James Cudmore in Edmonton and Peter Fitzpatrick, Tom Blackwell, Mark Gollom and Bill Cameron in Toronto

Atlantic provinces shelter thousands

Hockey arenas, schools turned into overnight billets
BY RICHARD FOOT
H A L I FA X More than 30,000 passengers on approximately 150 U.S.-bound international ights were diverted from destinations on the U.S. eastern seaboard to cities and towns across Atlantic Canada yesterday, where they were stranded overnight. The rerouted aircraft, many of them Boeing 747s and other jumbo jets on transAtlantic ights, clogged airport runways in Moncton, Halifax, St. Johns, Gander, Nd., and Goose Bay, Labrador. Civilian and military airports in the region all set in motion emergency plans, cancelling regular trafc to accommodate a massive gathering of incoming airliners following the U.S. disaster. Municipal and Red Cross ofcials also launched emergency programs to accommodate the tens of thousands of passengers dispersed around the region. Rita Vanderstraeten, a passenger whose ight from Amsterdam was sent to Halifax, said no one on her plane knew why it was being diverted until the aircraft touched down. The pilot was really good. He waited until we landed so nobody would panic. Then he told us what happened, she said. They told us that this terrible tragedy had happened. She said the reaction on board was disbelief, then just silence. In many towns and cities, schools, hockey arenas and bingo halls were turned into overnight

FLIGHT RECOVERY

Airlines dont plan for events of this magnitude

B Y P E T E R F I T Z PA T R I C K

Congestion from the shutdown of North Americas airline industry could begin clearing today, but its likely the recovery will be more difcult than with previous service disruptions. While airlines normally have contingency plans to recover from problems such as storms and strikes, the complete closure imposed by the Canadian and U.S. governments yesterday is unprecedented. Airlines dont normally plan for events of this magnitude, said Douglas Reid, a professor of business strategy at Queens University

who studies the airline industry. They have very complex computer models to do scheduling, this is really complex mathematics but I dont know if anyone ever plans for this because its so huge. The U.S. system was to remain shut down at least until noon today, said William Shumann, a spokesman for the Federal Aviation Administration. The Canadian system was also to remain closed until further notice, said David Collenette, the Minister of Transport. In the past, after major shutdowns, Air Canada has needed several days to recover. When a severe winter storm closed Air Canadas major hub at Torontos airport in 1999 it took about three days for

operations to return to normal. It took a similar length of time for the carrier to resume full activity after a pilot strike shut down the airline for nine days in 1998. Air Canada activated its emergency plan including a special operations centre in Toronto minutes after the rst hijacked aircraft struck the World Trade Center in New York. Laura Cooke, a spokeswoman for Air Canada, said it was difcult to predict how the return to operations will proceed because it is unclear what demands governments will make. A major issue facing Air Canada and other carriers is that many planes were not allowed to return

to their bases and are dispersed around the world. One Air Canada ight from Beijing was forced to land at King Salmon Island in the Aleutian Islands yesterday. Even in cases where planes landed in Canada, some large planes landed at small bases where the company does not have qualied technicians to approve them for takeoff, so specialists have to be sent in by bus. Be patient because nobody has ever seen this before. You have bad storms and things like that, but you very rarely shut down a continent for weather this terrorism is to some extent the worst weather possible, said Mr. Reid.
National Post

shelters for the passengers. Hundreds of local residents also responded by offering to billet passengers overnight in their homes. Security was tightened at CFB Halifax, home of the East Coast naval eet, and at U.S. consular homes in the region. At Halifax airport, one of two runways was turned into an airliner parking lot. By 4:30 p.m., 44 aircraft belonging to dozens of airlines, including Air Portugal, British Airways and Singapore Airlines, were lined up on the tarmac. About 9,000 people waited on the Halifax runway until late yesterday afternoon, when ofcials decided to unload the planes and bus passengers into the city. It was a painstaking process at an airport terminal already made chaotic by the hundreds of passengers stranded from cancelled domestic ights. The RCMP dispatched ofcers and sniffer dogs to inspect each plane. The rst wave of people arrived at a sports complex in a Halifax suburb, where a curling rink, hockey arena and weight room were converted into reception areas. Wal-Mart donated colouring books for children; grocery stores trucked in food; phone companies unloaded bags of cellphones and hooked up temporary phone lines. Water, soup and sandwiches were prepared for busload after busload of travellers. Dozens of Halifax residents also lined up at blood banks to donate blood for U.S. hospitals. Many stranded passengers were weary, but understanding about their plight. This is not the worst, said Edward Frerichs, another passenger from Amsterdam. The worst is all those people who died. Up to 7,000 people from diverted ights were expected at the Moncton airport. Im numb, said one female passenger from Detroit. Its shocking All I want to do is get home. In Newfoundland and Labrador, 10,000 to 15,000 passengers were expected at airports across the province. By late afternoon, 27 aircraft had landed at St. Johns twice as many as the airport was built to handle. About 20 aircraft had landed in Gander, Nd., a town of only 4,000 people. The military base at Goose Bay, Labrador, was expecting about 30 jumbo jets. Another eight aircraft had arrived by late afternoon at the small aireld in Stephenville, Nd., a town of only 2,500 people. In St. Johns, local businesses were turning ofce space into sleeping quarters for passengers, and churches were clearing their meeting halls. This is absolutely without precedent, said Andy Wells, the citys Mayor. One has an emergency plan for dealing with numbers in the hundreds of people, but certainly not in the thousands. Stranded passengers will likely remain in Canada until at least 1 p.m. eastern today, the earliest U.S. airspace is expected to reopen. Asked how she would pass the time until then, Rita Vanderstraeten said she would pray. Saying a prayer for all the people that died, she said, Thats my rst priority.
National Post

O T TAWA Jean Chrtien, the Prime Minister, yesterday ordered heightened security and the military was put on high alert in the aftermath of the cowardly and depraved terrorist attacks in the United States. Although he said there did not appear to be a direct threat to Canada, security at border crossings and military installations was tightened. Everybody has increased security everywhere, Mr. Chrtien said after conferring with the Commissioner of the RCMP, Chief of the Defence Staff and Canadas ambassador to Washington. Federal ofcials said CF-18 ghter jets were put on high alert and Canadas naval vessels were ordered to be ready to sail on a moments notice. Giuliano Zaccardelli, the RCMP Commissioner, said the Mounties are investigating whether there is a Canadian connection to the U.S. attacks. We owe it not only to Canadians, but we owe it to our American neighbours, he said. Mr. Chrtien cancelled all his activities, including a Liberal party fundraising dinner in Halifax last night and a scheduled meeting today with the Prime Minister of Slovakia to deal with the security implications of the terrorist attacks. He also attempted to reach George W. Bush, the U.S. President, to offer any assistance that our American friends may need at this very, very difcult hour and in the subsequent investigation. He said there was no evidence Canada was under threat or was used as a staging base by the terrorists, who carried out the assaults in New York and Washington. Mr. Chrtien was having breakfast at 24 Sussex Drive with Lorne Calvert, the Saskatchewan Premier, when he learned of the attacks. He immediately contacted the heads of the RCMP and Armed Forces while ofcials phoned the mayors of Toronto and Montreal to assure them the two cities were not in danger of being attacked. Federal departments, including the military, the RCMP and Transport Canada, also held an emergency meeting to review security, which was increased on Parliament Hill, 24 Sussex Drive as well as the U.S. and Israeli embassies in Ottawa. Obviously you will see more police cars around Parliament Hill. You will see more work done in that security area in other parts of the country depending on who needs that heightened protection, Commissioner Zaccardelli said. Art Eggleton, the Minister of National Defence, who was in Eastern Europe, said: Were taking all necessary measures to ensure the safety and security of Canadians. David Collenette, the Minister of Transport, said his department was on highest alert. Declaring a state of high alert included mobilization early yesterday of the nuclear, biological and chemical response team, as well as other specialty rescue teams. Local hospitals were on standby, as was the Red Cross and other emergency services such as re departments. Joe Clark, the Conservative leader, called the attacks an almost unbelievable disregard for human life. I think there will almost certainly be an overwhelming desire on the part of the American authorities to respond to this, Mr. Clark said from Edmonton. He also called for a federal review of Canadas own security procedures at airports or other potential sources of vulnerability, which could exist in our own country.

National Post, with les from The Canadian Press

A8

U.S. UNDER AT TACK

~ NATIONAL POST, WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 12, 2001

The attacks on Washington and New York were not only ignominious and merciless, but suicidal. They not only targeted innocent civilians, from airline passengers to ofce workers, but entailed certain death for the perpetrators themselves
THE CRASH INVESTIGATIONS

DAVID LLOYD / JOHNSTOWN TRIBUNE-DEMOCRAT

Firefighters and emergency personnel investigate the scene of the crash of hijacked United Airlines Flight 93, a Boeing 757, yesterday morning near Pittsburgh. All 45 people aboard died in the crash.

Air Canada held seats on doomed flight

NO BOOKINGS FROM CANADA
Hijacked plane went down in Pennsylvania
BY GRAEME HAMILTON
in Boston
AND

ADRIAN HUMPHREYS

Seats on one of four civilian passenger aircraft used in suicide attacks in the United States were offered for sale by Air Canada, raising fears that Canadians were aboard the doomed ight. An Air Canada spokeswoman said internal records show no customers were booked to travel on United Airlines Flight 93 from Newark, N.J., to San Francisco, but the company was waiting for the release of passenger information by U.S. authorities before conrming none of the 38 passengers who were killed when the plane crashed in western Pennsylvania had booked their seat from Canada. When I say no Air Canada customers were booked on that ight, it doesnt mean an Air Canada customer didnt walk up to buy a ticket this morning in Newark, said Laura Cooke, spokeswoman for Air Canada. Among the dead in yesterdays strikes against United States ground targets are 233 passengers, 25 ight attendants and eight pilots aboard four aircraft. The names of passengers have not been released. Garnet Ace Bailey, a former hockey player with the Edmonton Oilers and current director of scouting for the Los Angeles Kings, is believed to have been a passenger on United Flight 175 from Boston to Los Angeles. Mr. Bailey, born in Lloydminster, Sask., was scheduled to be aboard and has not been heard from since, said Mike Altieri, a spokesman for the team. Investigators were expected to

be scouring through wreckage and examining ight information and recorders today in a search for information on how the aircraft were redirected and how terrorists got aboard. The Federal Bureau of Investigation is leading the investigation. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) said it would assist the FBI and would turn over air trafc control tapes and all other relevant information. At Logan International Airport in Boston, from where two of the downed planes departed United Flight 175 and American Airlines Flight 11 federal investigators were combing the two terminals used by the airlines. Tom Kinton, director of aviation for the Massachusetts Port Authority, which manages the airport, said hundreds of investigators last night were interviewing staff who had any dealings with passengers aboard the ights, from caterers to security workers and ticket agents. Mr. Kinton was unable to explain the security lapses that would allow the attacks. We dont know what, if anything, got through any of the checkpoints, he said. When asked if knives could be smuggled aboard, he said, It would depend on the length of the knife involved. We all pack razors when we travel. It is part of what you pack.

THE CANADIAN PRESS

He said Boston was likely chosen as an embarkation point because of its proximity to New York and the presence of planes leaving for far-ung destinations, which carry more fuel. Tactically, it ts the terrorists plan, Mr. Kinton said. Les Dorr, spokesman for the FAA, refused to discuss apparent security lapses: We dont discuss specic security measures at individual airports ... [or] give information to people who may make use of it. The FAA, for the rst time, issued a nationwide directive grounding civil aircraft. Only military, law enforcement and emergency services aircraft were permitted to y, with the exception of special care teams provided by the airlines to help grieving families at the airports. United is working with all the relevant authorities, including the FBI, to obtain further information on these ights. We have pledged our full co-operation with the authorities, Jim Goodwin, United Airlines chairman and chief executive ofcer, said in a release. United said it is advancing US$25,000 to the families of victims aboard its two downed planes to help meet their immediate needs. United has identied all passengers and crew members aboard these two ights and is in the process of notifying their next of kin and working to assist family members. American Airlines was referring media calls to the FBI. Every effort is being made in every corner of the company to help the families of our customers and our fellow employees, Donald J. Carty, chairman and CEO of American Airlines, said in a release. In Boston, families of victims of the two ights out of Logan airport were taken to the Airport Hilton Hotel, where a crisis centre was set up and American Red Cross ofcials were present to help grieving families. Shortly after the attacks, steel grates were pulled across the entrances to departure gates. Passengers were allowed to leave, but nobody was allowed in. The brother of John Ogonowski, a pilot aboard American Airlines Flight 11, which is believed to have crashed into the south tower of the World Trade Center, said he would like an opportunity to strike back at the attackers. Jim Ogonowski, of Dracut, Mass., a member of the National Guard, said his brother left for work at 6 a.m. yesterday and gave a customary toot of the horn as he passed his uncles home.
National Post

No commercial pilot would have hit towers

Terrorists must have overcome crew in the nal moments
GEORGE JONAS
y ying partner, an Airbus pilot with a major airline, was at the controls of our singleengine four-seater yesterday when a voice came through his communication radio from ATC (Air Trafc Control). It said Canadas airspace was closed and all aircraft should land at the nearest suitable airport. The time was around 9:20 a.m. My partner had never heard such an ATC transmission before. It ashed through his mind that it might be a nuclear attack. Being about 30 kilometres south of CYQA (Muskoka airport), he headed for it. A few minutes later, he and his passenger were safely on the ground. Just as controllers were closing Canadas airspace to all civilian trafc, a commercial jetliner was slamming into the Pentagon in Washington, D.C. By then, two other airliners had crashed into the twin towers of the World Trade Center in New York, the rst at 8:45 a.m., the second some 18 minutes later. At present, no one knows what exactly transpired in the cockpits of American Airlines Flight 11 and United Airlines Flight 175 before they struck the twin towers in Manhattan, or on the ight deck of American Airlines Flight 77 before it crashed into the Pentagon. Possibly, no one will ever know for certain. It is very likely, however, that Federal Aviation Administration air trafc controllers were aware of the hijackings in progress, even though they might not have known their purpose, or guessed at their tragic end. The procedures for hijacking (or unlawful interference as its ofcially called) are standardized. Commercial pilots would follow these procedures as a matter of routine, unless prevented by incapacitation or some other circumstances. If intruders interfere with a ight crew, the routine calls for one of the pilots to select code 7500 on the aircrafts transponder. This activates an alarm on the air trafc controllers radar

screen, pointing out the aircraft on the display. If at that stage the controller isnt sure the aircraft is being hijacked a pilot could transmit 7500 by accident (for example, while changing to or from an assigned transponder frequency) the controller will transmit a standard message. He or she will say: You were assigned Code such-and-such; conrm youre squawking Seven Five Zero Zero. If the pilot transmits yes, the controller will alert the ATC system. If an aircraft, after squawking Code 7500, changes it to the emergency code of 7700, or uses a radio transmission to ATC that includes the words transponder seven seven zero zero, it tells controllers that the situation is desperate and the skipper is requesting armed intervention. This, at least, is what the regulations say. What armed intervention might mean in practice has, until now, been anybodys guess. A decision to send ghter planes to shoot down a domestic airliner lled with vacationers or business travellers would not be

THE WORLD HAD FUNDAMENTALLY CHANGED YESTERDAY

easily made. Until yesterdays events, such a scenario would have belonged to a B-grade Hollywood movie. But the world had fundamentally changed yesterday. Did the ight crews of Flights AA11, AA77, and UA 175 obey the hijackers and crash their jetliners into the Twin Towers and the Pentagon? As an air transport pilot, my partner doubts it. He does not think an air transport pilot could simply be ordered or even forced to crash into a building. Flying into a structure would entail certain death anyway, so pilots would resist. It is much more likely the hijackers of Flights 11, 77 and 175 incapacitated the ight crews before crashing the planes into the World Trade Center and the Pentagon. This means some of the terrorists must have had at least rudimentary training as pilots. Flying a sophisticated airliner any distance requires a degree of

skill, even if the person at the controls wishes only to crash. A Boeing 757 or 767, the type of aircrafts involved in yesterdays outrage, cannot be steered into a target building by someone who has never own before. The fourth plane that was lost yesterday, United Airlines Flight 93, might have gone down near Pittsburgh (the ight was en route from Newark to San Francisco) because the hijackers who commandeered it were too inept to y it. Conversely, the ight crew might have resisted the terrorists attempt to crash the aircraft into some target in the Washington area, and lost the aircraft during a struggle. The hijackers may not have been sufciently skilled to navigate through the U.S. eastern seaboards complex air trafc system, but they did not need to be. After forcing their way on to the ight deck, they might have ordered the crew to a false destination, such as New Yorks Kennedy airport, then let the unsuspecting pilots y the jetliners until the targets were in sight. From that point, in good visual conditions, guiding an airliner to crash into a landmark would have been relatively easy that is, it would have required training in terrorism and inhumanity rather than in pilotage. Voices in the media, especially in Europe, are warning America not to jump to conclusions about the origin of this infamy. Several pundits have pointed out that the Oklahoma City bombing was at rst falsely attributed to Arab or Muslim terrorists. It is true, of course, that at this point it is impossible to say with certainty where yesterdays terrorists came from, but it is possible to make one observation: The attacks on Washington and New York were not only ignominious and merciless, but suicidal. They not only targeted innocent civilians, from airline passengers to ofce workers, but entailed certain death for the perpetrators themselves. While ignominious and merciless terrorists abound in many cultures, in recent history suicidal, or kamikaze, terrorists have been produced only by the cultures of the Middle East and Japan. As the likelihood of yesterdays terrorists being of Japanese origin is extremely remote, this leaves the Middle East.
National Post

Garnet Ace Bailey: feared dead

NATIONAL POST, WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 12, 2001 ~

U.S. UNDER AT TACK

A9

Everybody is in shock. We are trying to calm people down, telling them to avoid panicking. But when you have an alert like this, everything stops and nobody takes any chances Joseph Gabay, of the Canadian Jewish Congress
CANADIANS IN DISBELIEF, FEAR

Cities declare state of alert, step up security

BUILDINGS EVACUATED
BY MICHAEL HIGGINS AND PETER KUITENBROUWER

The downtown cores of Toronto and Montreal along with most major Canadian cities were quickly deserted yesterday as a tense country reacted to the terrorism outrage in the United States. Torontos CN Tower, the worlds tallest free-standing structure, was closed an hour after the attack on the World Trade Center as heightened security caused several alerts in Canada. Security was stepped up at the U.S. Embassy in Ottawa, and the downtown high-rise building housing the Israeli Embassy was closed. So was a nearby building where other foreign delegations have ofces. The East Block of the Parliament buildings was evacuated briey and the area cordoned off for an hour after suspicious packages were discovered in a van. Later, armed Mounties in bulletproof vests patrolled the grounds. Security was beefed up at the Prime Ministers residence at 24 Sussex Dr., and Jean Chrtien cancelled a planned ight to Halifax for a Liberal party fundraiser. We are a city in a high state of alert, said Bob Chiarelli, Ottawas Mayor, who cautioned that the level of security in the capital was not as extensive as during the War Measures Act of 1970, but said the level of preparedness and response is certainly very similar to the rst several days of the ice storm. Police presence on the streets of Ottawa doubled from the usual 75 to 150. The local police force is co-operating with the RCMP. There are a number of embassies here that typically, when there are terrorist attacks in the world, are potential targets, said Vince Bevan, Ottawas police chief. We have staff right now working with the RCMP to identify what risks might be in place for any of these, and we will continue to work with the RCMP to make sure any that might be experiencing a heightened risk receive the protection they ought to. By early afternoon, most people had left their downtown ofce buildings in Toronto and Montreal as employers sent workers home. A security guard at Torontos First Canadian Place said the 72-storey tower, the countrys tallest ofce building, remained open, and decisions to close ofces came from individual tenants. Bud Purvis, president of Torontos CN Tower, said his entire staff was overcome with grief. Tourists from England, the U.S.

and Spain were turned away at the tower although ofce staff was not evacuated. At 11:30 a.m. the SkyDome was evacuated and organizers cancelled a fundraising dinner in honour of Dr. Tirone David, a Toronto heart surgeon. About 2,000 guests had been expected, including Mike Harris, the Ontario Premier. The Ontario Ministry of Justice, which occupies several oors in the Exchange Tower of First Canadian Place, closed down before noon, as did the Ontario Court of Justice at Torontos Old City Hall. The Toronto International Film Festival, which had drawn an Alist of Hollywood celebrities, cancelled events, leaving reporters from around the world glued to television sets instead. A woman at Deutsche Bank of Canada, in First Canadian Place, said her boss told workers they could leave at around 11:30 a.m. We were just standing there watching the news on a TV screen and unable to move, she said. The boss said all our work goes through New York and we cant communicate with New York, so you might as well go. A lawyer at Osler Hoskin Harcourt, who works on the 67th oor in the same tower, said he feared a plane diverted to Pearson International Airport could slam into his ofce. He said at 12:30 p.m. most lawyers evacuated the building. This is unbelievable, the lawyer said. This is not the sort of thing you want to take chances with. The prevailing mood among ofce workers in Montreals taller downtown buildings was one of nervous tension, horror and disbelief. This shows us how tenuous life is, said Guy Lozeau, an engineer who works on the 13th oor of the Bell building. I havent been getting much work done. Ive spent the last hour watching television. The Ontario Provincial Police said it wanted to reassure all communities in the province that the well-being of all citizens is being taken very seriously. In Edmonton, about 100 people were evacuated from City Hall after two suspicious items were found and the Mayors ofce received a phone threat from a man in the early afternoon who said a bomb was going to be detonated. Terrorism fears prompted a real estate rm in Vancouver to beef up their security. Bentall Real Estate Services warned tenants at their building on downtown West Pender, which contains the French Consulate and the French Trade Commission, that security cards would be needed to gain access to the building, and security guards were posted at entrances.
National Post, with les from Adrian Humphreys, The Gazette and The Canadian Press

BILL KEAY / THE VANCOUVER SUN

Mourners at the First Baptist Church in Vancouver pray for the victims of yesterdays attacks in the eastern United States.

RELIGIOUS LEADERS

People of all faiths condemn irrational evil, offer prayers

Jewish community asks for increased police protection
BY AARON DERFEL
MONTREAL

Religious leaders of all faiths condemned yesterdays terrorist assault on the United States, calling the acts irrational evil and urging Canadians to pray for the victims. Rabbi Reuben Poupko, of Montreals Beth Israel Beth Aaron Synagogue in Cte St. Luc, said synagogues will hold memorial services tonight in honour of those who perished in the attacks. Its a tremendous shock. Normal vocabulary seems inadequate in the face of such horrendous loss, Mr. Poupko said in an interview. As a person of faith, my heart goes out to all of the victims and their families, of this irrational evil that has caused so much devastation and so much agony. Jewish community leaders are asking for increased police protection for local synagogues, Jewish schools and residential neighborhoods following yesterdays terrorist attacks in the United States. Everybody is in shock. We are trying to calm people down,

telling them to avoid panicking, said Joseph Gabay, the Quebec president of the Canadian Jewish Congress. But when you have an alert like this, everything stops and nobody takes any chances. Everybody is threatened maybe not directly, but potentially. On the West Coast, tucked away in a corner of the Vancouver International Airport, Reverend Layne Daggett and a group of volunteers were busy trying to nd accommodation for hundreds of stranded travellers. Mr. Daggett, a Baptist minister, said so far about 1,000 people have called or e-mailed him offering to provide accommodation, food or other assistance. We had a guy come in here from Edmonton who stopped here to see if anyone needed a ride to Edmonton, Mr. Daggett said. He estimated he and his volunteers had found accommodation for about 500 people so far. He said other organizations assisting in the efforts to accommodate people include the Salvation Army, the United, Catholic and Anglican churches as well as Sikh, Jewish and Muslim communities. Imam Salam El Menyawi, of the Islamic Centre of Quebec, said no political or religious cause could justify such violence.

On behalf of the Muslim community, we utterly condemn this action, this vicious and criminal attack on civilian lives, El Menyawi said. No political, religious or social cause could be advanced or assisted by an immoral act such as this. Our hearts go out to all the lives that were lost and to the families of the victims. Anglican priests in the Diocese of Toronto have been asked to offer special prayers and open their churches today to allow people a place to pray and console each other following the attacks. I am deeply shocked by this monstrous tragedy and grieve for

NO CAUSE COULD BE ADVANCED BY AN ACT SUCH AS THIS

all who are injured and have died, and for their families, said Archbishop Terence Finlay. Cardinal Jean-Claude Turcotte, of the Catholic archdiocese of Montreal, issued a brief statement calling for prayer vigils for the victims and for government leaders to show wisdom and prudence in the decisions they will take in the coming days. Canadians jammed a phone line

set up for those wanting to donate blood to the thousands of people hurt in the terrorist attacks. The Canadian Red Cross also formed teams to help Canadians nd loved ones in the United States and to help passengers stranded at airports, while 50 paramedics headed south to lend a hand. Health Canada said it is working with provincial governments and other federal government departments to determine the assistance we can provide to the United States if we are called upon. Ofcials at Torontos Sunnybrook Hospital said two helicopters were on standby to offer medical assistance. We are working to mobilize ourselves so we can accommodate any victims, said Sandra Cruickshanks of Sunnybrook, one of Torontos major trauma centres. In Atlantic Canada, people cleared gyms, community centres and hotel rooms, and offered their own homes as they braced for the arrival of thousands of passengers stranded by the terrorist attacks. In Halifax, the provincial tourism department identied between 600 and 700 hotel rooms ready to receive stranded passengers. The department also heard from some 1,000 individuals volunteering to act as hosts. The whole thing is so horric at the outset, the only thing that keeps you going is the fact that we are hearing voluntarily from hundreds and hundreds of Nova Scotians saying: Just tell me what I can do, said Marsha Andrews, executive director of tourism.
The Gazette, with les from The Canadian Press

Military escorts jets to airports in Whitehorse, Vancouver after hijacking fears

BY JULIE SMYTH AND MICHAEL HIGGINS

The terrorist attacks in Washington and New York caused panic in Canadas North yesterday when a Korean ight was escorted to Whitehorse by military jets because of fears the plane had been hijacked. Canadian and American ghter jets accompanied the Korean Air 747 to the Yukon capital after an automatic signalling code from the plane raised alarm that the plane was in danger. It turned out the ight was low on fuel. The scare, just two hours after the U.S. attacks, caused the territory to evacuate all Whitehorse schools and government buildings. The Whitehorse mayor advised his staff to get in their cars and drive out of the city in case a plane was about to crash downtown. Radio shows were ooded with calls from frightened people. The Korean plane, which was carrying around 200 passengers from Seoul, and a Korean Air car-

go plane were detained at Whitehorse airport for several hours until Canadian ofcials were assured there were no bombs or terrorists on board. A crew member from the passenger plane was directed off the ight and told to raise his arms and take his shirt off before approaching armed RCMP ofcers, witnesses said. Our understanding was there was some concern with the aircraft and it was quite possible it could have been hijacked, said Corporal Al Lucier of the Whitehorse RCMP. The Korean plane had difculty communicating with the airport, which caused concern the pilot was not co-operating. The RCMP escorted the passengers off the plane and put them through security checks before sending them to hotels for the night, said Cpl. Lucier. Both Korean ights were destined for Anchorage, Ala. but were diverted when American airports were closed. A transponder code from the plane raised suspicion that it might have been hijacked, said Bob King, press secretary for Tony

VINCE FEDOROFF / THE CANADIAN PRESS

A transponder code sent from a Korean Air 747 flight raised suspicion the aircraft might have been hijacked and headed for Whitehorse but the plane was low on fuel.

Knowles, Governor of Alaska. After the attacks, everyone was on edge. We were later informed by the [U.S.] Air Force that there was a fuel problem, he said. Mr. King said three American ghter jets accompanied the plane to Whitehorse. The Department of National Defence would not conrm the number of Canadian jets involved but it is believed two CF18s were employed. Ernie Bourassa, mayor of White-

horse, said he received a call from the RCMP that there was a potential situation involving a Korean plane. Given what I had seen on the TV from New York, I thought the safest place for people was to get out of the city, so I advised my staff to get in their cars and drive. The Yukon government ordered all schools to send children home. The damage a 747 could do in Whitehorse would be horrendous, said Mr. Bourassa.

Whitehorse, population 23,000, has never experienced a terrorist threat, he said. The citys small airport has two ights a day from Vancouver operated by Air Canada. Early yesterday, RCMP in Whitehorse caused alarm when it sent out a press release saying: Due to the arrival of aircraft from outside Canada related to the incident currently underway in the United States, Whitehorse RCMP have asked that all schools be evacuated

and the children returned home. The Department of Education has been asked to enact their plan to evacuate schools and they have provided a contact number for parents to call if they have any questions. As well as the school evacuation all other government agencies have been put on standby at this time. Pavlina Sudrich, 15, who witnessed the plane landing from near the airport, said she saw at least four RCMP ofcers waiting for the Korean crew member to walk off the plane. I believe they had him at gunpoint other people with binoculars saw the guns. I saw the crew member come down with his arms up. They yelled at him using a megaphone to take his shirt off and to pat his legs to make sure he was not armed. There were two or three F18s circling above. A spokeswoman for Vancouver International Airport conrmed yesterday that two F15s escorted an Air China plane to the airport, but she could not say why the military got involved. The plane landed safely.
National Post

A10

U.S. UNDER AT TACK

~ NATIONAL POST, WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 12, 2001

The reason behind not going full live before 10 oclock is that they felt being radio, we couldnt rely on pictures and we went to air when we felt we had information we could rely on CBC spokeswoman Ruth-Ellen Soles
THE WORLD WATCHES AND LISTENS

Jennings transcends anchor role

Scolds Bush for running around the country
read the news, but presiding over many hours of live coverage devoted to an incident of historical gravity ... well, lets just say there isnt a TelePrompter yet invented that can save a dimwitted hairdo from being outed as such. I spent the early part of the day switching among a dozen channels, exposing myself to Rathers little-boy haircut and his maddening desire to try to describe the scene in A Profound Way. There was also, around the dial, the usual complement of boneheaded queries posed of dubiously credentialed experts (among the more indelible questions: Is the Israeli military on a high state of alert?). But by late afternoon I found myself ipping between just two networks: the CBC and ABC. Ill be honest: on most nights, the CBC news goes in one of my ears, covers my brain in a sleep-inducing fog, and promptly slips out the opposite side, leaving no other residual evidence of having been viewed. The writing these days is just terrible. But Mansbridge is a marvel on the y, and he and his team especially correspondent David Halton conveyed far more and clearer information than some U.S. networks, especially in the early stages of coverage. And then theres Peter Jennings. As George W. Bush hopscotched across the land, from Florida to Louisiana to Nebraska and on, the President remained invisible to the people of his nation save for a brief, early-morning statement during which he pledged to hunt down and nd those folks those folks who blew up his Pentagon. Back in Washington, meantime, there was no public sign of his Vice-President, Dick Cheney. Only heightened security at the White House likely prevented Alexander Haig from storming into the West Wing and once again proclaiming, Im in control here. Haig would have had a tussle on his hands, however if not from Cheney then from Jennings, who yesterday seemed to transcend his role as ABCs news anchor to become the countrys Investigator in Chief. He badgered guests about the sorry state of the U.S. intelligence community. (How did it get off the radar? he demanded, referring to age-old terrorism options such as hijacking.) He took no guff from political types, forcing them to be more explicit about laying blame. He even scolded the President for not hightailing it back to the White House. When it was reported that Air Force One had departed Louisiana, Jennings reckoned the President must surely be on his way home. You cannot have the President be seen to be running around the country, he stated. A couple hours later, Air Force One landed in Nebraska. If theres such a thing as rolling ones eyes on the inside, Jennings did it. He was startlingly opinionated, a fact sure to irritate those who tuned in for a just-the-facts approach and perhaps a tender ode to American resilience. But it was strangely reassuring to watch him preside over the networks coverage. When so little else seemed certain, there was no doubt that at least Jennings was in control.
National Post

SCOTT FESCHUK

AGENCE FRANCE-PRESSE

watched the twin towers of the World Trade Center collapse at least 100 times. The buildings disappeared from the Manhattan skyline swiftly, readily, and in a ghostly silence. They are, Peter Mansbridge said of the video images, unlike anything we have ever seen before in real life. Those nal three words suggested he was thinking as many people probably were yesterday: the iconic towers, the smouldering Pentagon, the hijacked aircraft veering sharply left in its nal seconds it was so cinematic, so surreal. It was as though we were viewing the trailer for a sequel to Independence Day. Yes, I had watched the twin towers of the World Trade Center collapse at least 100 times, and then I watched them fall through the eyes of Dr. Mark Heath. Dr. Heath, video camera in hand, was across the street from one of the compromised 110-storey structures when it began to come down. The footage he captured was aired on CBC at about 4:40 p.m. EDT, and though I confess that I rarely recall the precise location of keys and eyeglasses and, on occasion, pets, I am condent I shall never forget those few seconds of videotape: the ghastly rainstorm of glass and steel and concrete, the cloud of glistening debris and paper and blackness, which engulfed the camera just after the doctor said to himself, I hope I live, I hope I live. He lived, and immediately started searching for people to help. In the smoke, in the soot, the rst person he encountered resembled an X-Files alien. Stunning, Mansbridge said simply of the footage, and he was right. There was a time when the abrupt appearance of a Breaking News logo was the TV equivalent of a phone call in the middle of the night: It always meant bad news, and bad news of no small magnitude. For the few seconds that those words remained on the screen, the mind was left to hastily construct a score of macabre tragedies of national or global import. Cut to the grim-faced news anchor. These days, the words Breaking News are just as likely to cue coverage of a low-speed police chase on the Santa Monica Freeway or the revelation that Gary Condit, four months after the disappearance of his former intern, continues to have a suspicious hairdo. Many more channels today produce much more news content. They must be fed, and too often they dont much care whats on the menu. That trend only accentuated the sense of utter disbelief at the images being broadcast from New York and Washington, at the news being reported by Tom Brokaw and Dan Rather. It took a moment to comprehend that something of such genuine enormity was being trasmitted on a medium that so often makes so much of so little. I once heard an airline pilot explain why he and his colleagues get paid so much money. You basically pay me $200,000 a year for a minutes work, he said. You just never know when that minutes going to come, and you want the best guy there when it does. Same goes for TV news anchors, really. Most anyone can learn to

y yesterday afternoon, I had

With the extensive coverage of yesterdays events, for once, televisions use of the phrase Breaking News really meant something.

COMMENT

CBC listeners forced to turn on TV

Flagship program mum on crisis for full 40 minutes
BY NOAH RICHLER

Forty minutes into the worst attack in history on the continental United States, a day of terrorism and murder that might, conceivably, lead to a Third World War, and the CBCs agship program, This Morning, had still made no announcement about the terrible events in New York. For an hour Manhattan burned, but CBC Radio One listeners in cars, in ofces, and in homes without televisions, heard Shelagh Rogers chatting with Chuck Strahl, rebel leader of the worlds most laughable and inconsequential political coalition, about his new alliance with Joe Clark. Other than a short bulletin on the 9 a.m. EDT newscast, CBC English radio was mum on the gravest political crisis of the new millennium for 40 minutes. That very small number of listeners who had not already heard the devastating news from concerned friends or colleagues no doubt rushed to a television as soon as possible. On television they watched the second plane crash into the tower, and later, saw the rst of the two towers fall. They heard President Bush speak. They saw the Pentagon on re. But on This Morning, what CBC listeners kept hearing was Chuck Strahl. In those rst 40 shameful minutes, CBC Radio revealed itself to be an irrelevant, unprepared, and idiotically prioritized station that completely failed its remit. Did it really think, at this crucial time, that what the public wanted to hear about was more of the Alliance Partys petty arguments? In those moments our public broadcaster was a national embarrassment, especially to a Canadian listening from London. When asked to defend its decision, the CBCs corporate relations department issued a state-

ment which said: CBC Radio did a bulletin at 9 oclock and again at 9.40 a.m. Eastern Time, then from 10:00 a.m. they were on-air live. The reason behind not going full live before 10 oclock is that they felt being radio, we couldn't rely on pictures and we went to air when we felt that we had information we could rely on. The mind reels, as it contemplates just what must have been the bureaucratic, incompetent discussions of the CBC mandarins deciding whether or not two jets crashing into the World Trade Center within 18 minutes constituted an event newsworthy of disrupting the day's agenda. Desperate for news, holding my phone call from London to her ear, my own partner listened instead to CKTB from St. Catharines, Ont., and then CHFI, a Toronto easy listening station, which immediately cut over to 680 News on AM radio, that in turn cut into CNN for up-to-date reports from the ground. Poor resources are no excuse. In England, where I was, the nations independent television channel, ITN, suspended its childrens programming immediately. The news anchor, without a reporter, interviewed her husband, resident in New York. He was pithy, eloquent, and rst on the scene what all consumers of news, radio or televi-

RADIO AND WEB

Internet trafc clogs news sites

Radio stations deliver limited emergency coverage
BY DANIEL GLOVER

CBC RADIO REVEALED ITSELF TO BE IRRELEVANT

sion, want in the rst instance. Why did we not do this? It took producers on This Morning more than an hour to have Shelagh Rogers speak to Ian Williams in New York. Shelagh asked, Did you see the second tower collapse? Yes, he said. It was happening during your local break. Clearly, CBC Radio has decided it does not have the will to robustly compete with television, newspapers or the Internet. In the United Kingdom, BBC Radio understands that it competes not just with hundreds of radio stations, but also with newspapers and its own television networks. In 14 years of working at BBC Radio, I never once heard a producer use the need to rely on pictures as an excuse for not performing.
National Post

As word ltered in of the greatest surprise attack on the United States since Pearl Harbor, news organizations scrambled to cover the chaotic series of events. Radio stations throughout Canada ipped from scheduled coverage to network feeds, and prime news sites on the Internet buckled under the pressure of millions of hits from users arriving at ofces across North America. Renowned for its coverage of such complex breaking events, CNN.com was the rst to fall under the avalanche of Internet use. As news ltered in at 10 a.m. EDT of the strike on the Pentagon, CNNs home page turned into broken graphics and simple bulleted points, with no access to related stories. Under continuing pressure later in the day, its home page managed only to point to ve related stories. Other Internet news networks across the continent staggered under the pressure. While their television counterparts drew on network afliates and cellphone calls from eyewitnesses to the explosions in New York and Washington, D.C., msnbc.com managed only to put up a home page with a single image of the World Trade Center res. All other stories pointed to dead-end pages stating, The page cannot be displayed. With millions of users dialing in from computers across the continent, news organizations saw their servers overwhelmed by a level of activity far outpacing their ability to cope with the trafc. By late morning, Google.com ran an unprecedented warning advising users to abandon the Internet for radio and television. Conceding the difculties facing the most popular Web sites, it provided links to images of the Washington Post and CNNs sites as they appeared earlier in the day. The New York Times, the major broadsheet in the New York city metropolitan area, ran a news alert across the top of its home Toronto had been hijacked. By 12:15 p.m., plane had become train. Soon, the rumour made it on to the airwaves: A Toronto station reported that a British plane bound for Toronto had been hijacked. In Vancouver, similar stories of missing West Coast-bound planes circulated and in Halifax there was chatter about the safety of Maritime-bound ights. When a passenger jet crashed in Pennsylvania, two conicting rumours started. One version, on radio, had the U.S. air force shooting down the hijacked jet rather than risk

page, but as events unfolded, the paper was hard-pressed to transfer the efforts of staff to live coverage. By 12:45 p.m., staff coverage was limited to a report led by David Stout from the Pentagon. Stuck without reporters on the ground, Internet-only newspaper Salon.com relied on hastily written eyewitness coverage from books editor Laura Miller in Greenwich Village in Lower Manhattan and political correspondent Jake Tapper in the streets of Washington. The rest of its coverage was limited to wire stories approximating those run by CNN.com. The difculty nding breaking news stories was felt by listeners of CBC radios This Morning, hosted by Shelagh Rogers, which carried a pre-recorded interview with Member of Parliament Chuck Strahl. Aside from two brief bulletins, CBC radio did not start covering the story until 10 a.m. CBC Radio did a bulletin at 9 oclock Eastern time and again at 9.40 a.m. Eastern time. Then, from 10:00 a.m., they were on-air live, said Ruth-Ellen Soles, a CBC spokeswoman. The reason behind not going full live before 10 oclock is that they felt being radio, we couldnt rely on pictures and we went to air when we felt we had information we could rely on. In early moments, with news rushing in, radio delivered a limited but fragrant view of the news. In Toronto, The FAN, an allsports station, dropped early morning sports coverage in favour of direct feeds from ABC television news. By 10:30 a.m., stations all along the AM and FM dials had linked to one of the major U.S. television networks. Many disc jockeys were caught off guard on morning radio shows. In the middle of a shoutout session on a Toronto reggae radio program, a frantic listener phoned in to inform other listeners about events in New York. Many had trouble sifting truth from rumours, including Torontos CFTR News, which continued to run an hour-old Fox News report of a bombing at the State Department in Washington long after other television networks reported it as a false alarm attributed to the explosion and re at the Pentagon.
National Post

Rumours of attacks abound on airwaves, at airports

BY ADRIAN HUMPHREYS

When the unexpected happens, the unbelievable seems plausible: Such as President George W. Bush taking refuge from terrorist attacks by ying to Canada. As the news broke unconrmed reports of something hitting the World Trade Center in New York City the reaction was intense and immediate; people turned on the radio and television,

logged on to the Internet and telephoned friends and family. And when facts were unattainable the gaps were lled with fuzzy rumours. To some it was a bomb, others a missile or plane. All of it was passed along to others, unedited and unchallenged. Some rumours were frightening, others weird, many implausible. And some turned out to be true. The list of U.S. targets said to be under attack blossomed within an hour of the rst attack minutes

before 9 a.m. EDT. Many landmarks in Washington and New York were listed as having been hit or under siege that were not. By noon, the rumours extended to Canada. Word swept across southern Ontario that planes scheduled to land at Torontos Pearson International Airport, were unaccounted for. One man, adding the detail that his brotherin-law is a member of the Ontario Provincial Police, claimed that more than one plane headed to

having it crash into a building. Another had the pilot heroically crashing the plane in an unpopulated area. By 3:30 p.m., there was a detailed story of police storming aboard a plane on the runway at Calgarys airport with suspected terrorists aboard. Police and airport ofcials said it did not happen. On the Internet Newsgroup alt.conspiracy, a writer noted the Sept. 11 date on the daily desk calendar for the comic strip Dilbert features a plane crash. Scott Adams probably knows something, the writer suggests of the strips creator.

NATIONAL POST, WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 12, 2001 ~

U.S. UNDER AT TACK

A11

The reaction here is the same as everywhere. We are stunned, we are in grief, and in the dark places of our hearts we fear a time of anarchy and violence an apocalypse on Earth Roger Ebert
SPORTS AND ENTERTAINMENT REACTION

Pro teams ponder the vulnerability of the stadium

Amid anger and outrage rises a new fear
TOM MALONEY
uck Martinezs father has spoken often over the years about the day he was working in Hawaii, the day the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor. Now I feel like he did, Martinez, the Toronto Blue Jays manager, said tersely from Baltimore yesterday. I am angry and disappointed. We were so naive to let this happen. Amidst the confusion, outrage and fear generated by yesterdays attacks, Martinez and everyone involved in pro sports face an impossible dilemma today. They need to determine the proper time for athletes to return to their elds of play. They are looking for the dividing line between respect for victims and their families, and their responsibility to furnish the greatest of antacids to a country desperately in need of relief. And beyond the scheduling difculty, they must now grapple with a horrible new reality: By transforming commercial airliners into cruise missiles with simple hijackings, terrorists have made the Pentagon, bastion of the United States military, as vulnerable as an ant colony. They have reduced the World Trade Center towers, symbols of American prosperity, to a crumbled mass of glass, concrete, steel and blood. So how in the name of George Washington can a stadium be protected? Monday night, 75,000 jammed Denvers Invesco Field to watch the NFLs Broncos beat the New York Giants. The new stadium comes with luxury boxes, not radar dishes. Watching CNN 12 hours later, the realization must have hit those people hard. They were sitting ducks. Major League commissioner Bud Selig cancelled baseball games yesterday. Dare he allow 40,000 people into Camden Yards, maybe 10 minutes by air from Washington, D.C., for a meaningless game tonight between the Blue Jays and Orioles? Why would you endanger that many people in a situation you are not sure of? Martinez said. There is no way to secure them. Nobody knows who did this. It is so bizarre that something of this magnitude could happen. Inside his heart, he knows why. You would let the games go on because in September, sports fans can tailgate and stomp their feet at a football game. They can out-think managers in the heat of a frenzied pennant race. You would play because such games let us dismiss the tensions brought by mortgages, trafc congestion, droughts, stock plunges, relationships, and yes, even horric disasters. We will not let these horrible people change our way of life, George Schultz, the former secretary of state, said yesterday. But nothing like this has ever happened inside America before the 1989 Bay Area earthquake that delayed the World Series, Waco, Kent State and the riots of the 1960s ... nothing. Arguably, only the assassination of President John F. Kennedy in 1963 gripped the country like these hijackings, and former NFL commissioner Pete Rozelle has said it was the one decision he regretted, allowing football games to be played the following Sunday. Live in the United States, and you feel safe as a moth in a cocoon from international terrorism. The car bombings executed by freaked-out zealots happen on the streets of Belfast, London and Jerusalem, not in New York and Washington, D.C. The Oklahoma City bombing, while bonding a country in revulsion, was considered an aberration. No one expects to be living a nightmarish scene from Independence Day. Now, everything changes. I took my family to New York this summer, and we stayed in the Marriott Hotel inside the World Trade Center. My wife and two children went to the roof. Imagine the commercial airliner plunging into the building then. Blue Jays CEO Paul Godfrey has two sons working in New York. They are OK. Jeff Farkas of the

THE SHOW WILL GO ON, FILM FEST SAYS

DAILY RE-EVALUATION
AND

BY DAN BROWN BRENDA BOUW

CHARLES REX ARBOGAST / THE ASSOCIATED PRESS

Golfers Tiger Woods and Mike Calcavecchia react to the news that two jetliners had crashed into New Yorks World Trade Center. The golfers were playing a practice round for the American Express World Golf Championships outside of St. Louis. Tomorrows first round has been rescheduled for Friday.

Roger Ebert nds that when disaster strikes, ones thoughts rst turn not to the victims but to those we love

Sporting events postponed; Salt Lake City revisits security

BY BRUCE ARTHUR

Me, me, me and thousands dead

ROGER EBERT
i n To r o n t o

Yesterdays terrorist attacks on the United States resulted in a rash of cancellations and postponements of major sporting events, and sparked fears that security plans for the 2002 Salt Lake City Olympics are inadequate. While the president of the organizing committee vowed the Games would go on, he admitted the US$200-million plan to protect athletes and spectators is no longer sufcient. The Games for me are a symbol of the human spirit and world peace, said Mitt Romney. That symbol is needed more today than ever before. Major League Baseball, in the midst of its September pennant races, cancelled its 15 scheduled games yesterday. Aside from work stoppages, it was the rst time since D-Day in 1944 that baseball wiped out a whole day of regular-season play. The NFL and major U.S. college conferences are considering the cancellation of this weekends football games. And the U.S. PGA Tour delayed the start of the American Express Championships in St. Louis and two other tournaments. I dont understand how these guys can even hit balls, said Ernie Els, a South African golfer, pointing toward the practice range. What are they thinking? Various other college and pro sporting events were also cancelled yesterday. The Toronto Maple Leafs, who were to y to St. Johns, Nd., were one of two teams whose travel plans were scuttled, while several NHL teams called off team functions and workouts. The leagues exhibition schedule is set to begin Saturday. There was no word on whether the games would go ahead. What were doing isnt important, said the Leafs Tie Domi. Id like to see my kids. I just want to hug my kids right now.
National Post, with les from Scott Burnside, Sean Fitz-Gerald and news services

NO ONE EXPECTS TO BE LIVING A NIGHTMARISH SCENE FROM INDEPENDENCE DAY

Maple Leafs worried about the safety of his girlfriend, Susan, who lives in Manhattan. She survived, too. It makes you wonder what is in the minds of people who do something like this, Farkas said after medicals at the Air Canada Centre yesterday. Tie Domi brought his children to New York last weekend. He broke down crying at the ACC yesterday, saying he only wanted to get home and be with them. On Monday, Alexander Mogilny, the newest Maple Leaf, pined for the view of Manhattan from his home on the Jersey shore. From his easy chair yesterday, he would have seen the towers crumble. Martinezs wife, Arlene, an American Airlines ight attendant, was an emotional wreck. It got me as an American rst, Martinez said. We are devastated that something like this could happen to our country. This is our home. When we drive to New York from our home in New Jersey, the rst thing you see is those towers. No more.
National Post

walked into a movie at 8:30 yesterday morning, and walked out two hours later into a different world. The movie was a comedy about a wedding in India. Small human stories, little joys and heartbreaks, some music. It made me happy. I left the Toronto International Film Festival screening and was stopped by a woman who works with the festival; Ive never learned her name, but we smile every year. Something very bad has happened, she said. She told me what it was. I walked over to the coffee counter in the theatre lobby. A crowd was watching the TV. You saw what I saw. We were all watching TV. My wife, Chaz, and stepdaughter were in New York. They had attended the Michael Jackson concert the night before. My heart began to pound. I walked as fast as I could back to the hotel. I tried to call New York but the lines were jammed. Also the lines to Chicago. I saw the phone light blinking. There was a message from Chaz saying she and Sonia were safe. Thank God she got through. On the way to LaGuardia, they had seen the World Trade Center burning. At the airport, they ran into a woman Chaz knew who had a car and offered them a ride

to her Long Island home. The airport was being evacuated, and the routes to Manhattan were closed. This woman saved them from standing on the street. My story is like so many stories. Thousands of innocent victims are dead, but we think rst about those we love. What is new and frightening is that yesterday when the tragedy happened, we were all forced to think in these personal terms. The war was here. This day was going to come sooner or later. In recent years, the United States has fought pushbutton wars thousands of miles from home. Today, the war is no longer far away. The continental United States, which was not invaded during any of the wars of the 20th century, has been stained by the blood of countless victims. We are weeping. The 21st century began today. I sit in this Toronto hotel room, lled with sadness. It may be I know people who were helpless passengers when those planes went down. The tragedy of the collapsing World Trade towers is too sorrowful to contemplate. One of my editors calls. Can I write something about the reaction in Toronto? Yes, I can. The reaction here is the same as everywhere. We are stunned, we are in grief, and in the dark places of our hearts we fear a time of anarchy and violence an apocalypse on Earth unless men learn to live together on a planet that has grown too small.

The phone rings. It is my wife. She and her daughter are safe in a hotel on Long Island. I advise them to rent a car right now, ll it with gas, and wait until tomorrow to see what develops. They may have to drive back to Chicago. Who knows when the skies will be safe? I hear myself talking, and I feel like a character in one of those dumb end-of-the-world movies. I hang up and watch the President on television. He is speaking on a pre-recorded tape, and there is something wrong with the tape. Fox News keeps stopping it, backing it up, starting it again. He backs away from the podium, approaches it, backs away again. I have seen so many movies I wonder if he is there at all. A few minutes later, of course, they are interviewing Tom Clancy: He wrote the book. I call the Film Festival ofce. All screenings and other events have been cancelled today; they are trying to decide about the rest of the festival. They tell me they are working with local hotels to nd places for stranded guests, since the airports are shut down and the border has been closed. The border between the United States and Canada has been closed. That takes a moment to sink in. How will I get home? Should I rent a car, too? Thank God I have friends here. Me, me, me and thousands dead. But that is what happened today. Now it is about us, and not just about them.
National Post

EmmyAwards postponed
DISNEY CLOSES THEME PARKS
LOS ANGELES

Although the Toronto International Film Festival will continue this week, several other entertainment events will not. Sundays 53rd annual Primetime Emmy Awards are post-

poned indenitely out of respect for the victims, their families and our fellow citizens, said Jim Chabin, president of the Academy of Television Arts and Sciences. The second annual Latin Grammy Awards show was cancelled. The US$4-million production, which was to have been held last night and broadcast in 120 coun-

tries, was moved to Los Angeles from Miami last month for security reasons. Walt Disney World in Florida and Disneyland in southern California were closed. And, although CBS pre-empted Big Brother 2, the last three guests remain in the house and have been told about the disaster. CBS has not said how the news will affect the remainder of the game, which is scheduled to end on Sept. 20
National Post news services

T O R O N T O The 26th annual Toronto International Film Festival will continue this week despite yesterdays suicide skyjackings in the United States. Festival organizers announced the event would proceed with yesterdays cancelled lms being rescheduled. We are trying to gauge the temperature, to some extent, in terms of the will to continue, Piers Handling, festival director, said at a news conference yesterday. The Toronto festival, which was originally scheduled to wind down on Saturday, gathers celebrities and media from around the world many of them from New York City, site of the World Trade Center. They reacted with shock as they learned of the attacks. Actor Anne Heche, who was in town doing media for her memoir, Call Me Crazy as well as for the festival lm Prozac Nation, said, This is beyond crazy. Im not even going to try and explain this. At Torontos Park Hyatt hotel, the festivals headquarters, people clutched cellphones and paced through the hallways. Those from New York desperately tried to contact friends or relatives. Some wept openly. Actor Gina Gershon, here to promote the Canadian feature Picture Claire, was stunned. Its just horrible. Its horric. My building is right around the corner [from the World Trade Center]. How can we let this happen? she said. We got here just in time, said Matthew Blank, the head of Showtime Television, who left on a ight out of New York at 8:20 a.m. We ew by the World Trade Center 10 minutes before it happened. We found out when we got to customs here. Im just in shock. Because authorities shut down air trafc into the United States, many celebrities attending the festival were forced to stay in town. Gene Hackman and Danny DeVito, for example, had planned to y out of the city yesterday morning after Monday nights gala screening for Heist. Other grounded stars included Steve Buscemi, Heather Graham, Ben Kingsley, Juliette Lewis, David Lynch and Harvey Keitel. Inside the press room, there was no talk of lm. Grim-faced reporters gathered around a television set as news of the attacks trickled in. Festival administrators responded immediately to the attacks by cancelling the days public and industry screenings, and setting up an emergency trauma line for distraught festival staff and guests. Last nights two galas (Monsoon Wedding and Cet Amour-L) were also scrapped. I think dark screens are appropriate today, said Michle Maheux, the festivals managing director. All of the days other festival-sponsored events were also cancelled. We are certainly very sensitive to security issues and are increasing security where appropriate, said Mr. Handling, adding that no threats have been made this year against the festival. Threats were made six years ago because of Tsahal, a lm about the Israeli army. We took it extremely seriously, we were in touch with ofcials from the Israeli embassy, the police [were] involved RCMP as well as local Toronto police. Police measures were quite extraordinary; they were virtually invisible to the public, Mr. Handling explained. Opinion was divided on whether to forge ahead. You cant do much about what has gone on by stopping things here, said Claudia Landsberger, a lm buyer from Amsterdam. But Florence Stern, a lm buyer from France, thinks the festival should be called off. There is no opinion to give, there are thousands of dead people. Just look at the people you cant work.

With les from Rebecca Eckler, Shinan Govani and Murray Whyte, National Post

A12

NATIONAL POST, WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 12, 2001

A13

WORLD TRADE CENTER

MISSION
Marble Inscription in lobby of plaza level in Tower One. Designed to increase world trade by providing at a single location a home for international commerce with the necessary functions and services, and exchange for sharing and processing of information and a forum for the advancement of world trade education and the encouragement and stimulation of international business co-operation.

HOW THE PLANES CRASHED

HISTORY
10:05 a.m.
1945: Idea of a world trade center in Lower Manhattan is proposed. 1956: New York's most powerful banker, David Rockefeller, forms the DowntownLower Manhattan Association (DLMA). 1958: Nelson Rockefeller elected Governor of New York. 1958: David Rockefeller, Nelsons brother unveils billion-dollar Lower Manhattan Plan as part of the national urban renewal movement. 1961: Port Authority issues a report recommending the establishment of a World Trade Center.

8:45 a.m.

9:03 a.m.

3 4

United Airlines Flight 175, a Boeing 767, en route from Logan International Airport in Boston to Los Angeles, crashes. It is believed this plane hit the north tower of the World Trade Center around the 80th floor. Fifty-six passengers, two pilots, seven flight attendants.

American Airlines Flight 11, a Boeing 767, en route from Logan International Airport in Boston to Los Angeles, crashes. It is believed this plane hit the south tower of the World Trade Center around the 67th floor. Eightyone passengers, two pilots, nine flight attendants.

South tower of the World Trade Center collapses.

10:28 a.m.

World Trade Center's north tower collapses.

2WTC

1WTC

1970: First buildings on the US$1.2-billion six-hectare project open. 1976: Towers completed.

1993: A terrorist car bomb attack killed six people, injured more than 1,000 and caused US$300-million in damage. 1995: Sheik Omar Abdel-Rahman and nine other militant Muslims were convicted on charges related to the bombing.

TENANTS
Representing 10% of lower Manhattan's office market, the World Trade Center's 10 million square feet is almost twice the size of the entire downtown office market of Tampa, and larger than those of Miami, San Diego and San Jose. The complex, which had 435 tenants from 26 countries that employed 40,000 office workers, was one of only three New York properties with its own zip code. The Center was a hub for international finance. Brokerage firm Morgan Stanley Dean Witter & Co. was the largest tenant, occupying 1.19 million square feet, or 12.5%, of the space in tower 2. The Center's owner, the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey, was the secondlargest tenant, occupying 858,641 square feet, or 9% of the space. Insurance companies AON Corp., Empire Blue Cross and Blue Shield, and Marsh & McLennan Cos. were the next three big tenants, each occupying more than 350,000 square feet. The next largest tenants were Bank of America and Deutsche Bank, followed by portfolio manager Oppenheimer Funds, insurance company Guy Carpenter & Co., and banking giant Credit Suisse. The top 10 tenants used half of the Center's office space. Canadian companies also had operations in the complex, including Thomson Financial, Scotia Capital and TD Waterhouse, the U.S.-based discount brokerage giant owned by Canada's TD Bank. Only a block away, CIBC World Markets employs more than 1,000 people at the World Financial Center.

1
KELLY GUENTHER / THE NEW YORK TIMES

3WTC
1998: Ramzi Yousef was convicted of the 1993 bombing and sentenced to life in prison. 1999: New York City Mayor Rudolph Giuliani opened a US$13-million emergency crisis center on the 23rd floor of 7 World Trade center a building near the twin towers. Giuliani intended the center to serve as a command center during city emergencies like blackouts, storms and terrorist attacks. 2000: The emergency command center served as a command central for New York City Police during New Year's Eve activities, which were overshadowed by fear of terrorist attacks on the city. 2001: Silverstein Properties Inc. bought the center's 99-year lease in July from the Port Authority in a transaction valued at US$3.2-billion, in what was the largest real estate transaction to date.
KRISTEN BROCHMANN / THE NEW YORK TIMES

Lib

t ty S er

4WTC

We st

Plaza 6WTC

St.

7WTC

Chu

1993 ATTACK
On Friday, February 26, 1993, 12:18pm, a bomb consisting of at least 454 kg of nitrate/fuel oil, hidden in a van parked in a sub-basement lot of the Vista Hotel separating the Twin Towers, exploded. The explosion tore a 100 x 100 foot diameter, three storey deep hole in the World Trade Center.

The blast killed six, injuring 1000 others, including 35 policemen, 88 firemen and one emergency service worker. The injuries were caused by flying shards of glass and smoke inhalation. The bomb also caused the evacuation of 40,000 workers and thousands of visitors. The emergency response: 170 ambulances, hundreds of police and 7000 firefighters. It cost US$300-million for repairs to the basement and its mechanical systems plus another US$225-million for cleaning the smoke damage on each story of the towers. The 1993 attack was the first act of international terrorism committed on U.S. soil.

rch St.

5WTC

JIM COLLINS / THE ASSOCIATED PRESS

DAVID SUROWIECKI / GETTY IMAGES

FACTS
425,000 cubic yards of concrete used in building the Center could build a five-foot wide sidewalk form New York to Washington DC.

e es V

St.

43,600 windows making up more than 600,000 square feet of glass. Originally planned to rise only 80-90 floors; only later was it decided to construct them as the world's tallest building, following a suggestion said to have originated with the Port Authority's (owner's) public relations staff. Innovative structural model: a rigid hollow tube of closely spaced steel columns with floor trusses extending across to a central core; the columns, finished with a silver-coloured aluminum alloy, were 18 and 3/4 inches wide and set only 22 inches apart, making the towers appear from afar to have no windows at all. Also innovative was the elevator design: worried that the intense air pressure created by the buildings high speed elevators might buckle conventional shafts, engineers designed a solution using a drywall system fixed to the reinforced steel core; for the elevators, to serve 110 stories with a traditional configuration would have required half the area of the lower stories be used for shaftways, so Otis Elevators developed an express and local system, whereby passengers would change at sky lobbies on the 44th and 78th floors, halving the number of shaftways. The World Trade Center may be the only high-rise building in the US with its own police department, 42 officers total. Port Authority Police have police powers in both New York and New Jersey. Officers are cross-trained as firefighters and are a first response team to a fire. There are 11 officers on duty each day. Surpassed as the world's tallest building in 1974 by the Chicago Sears Tower. Structural engineer said it was designed to withstand being hit by a commercial airliner.

VISION
World Trade Center North Tower South Tower American Stock Exchange

MANHATTAN

City Hall

BROOKLYN

I feel this way about it. World trade means world peace and consequently the World Trade Center buildings in New York ... had a bigger purpose than just to provide room for tenants. The World Trade Center is a living symbol of man's dedication to world peace ... beyond the compelling need to make this a monument to world peace, the World Trade Center should, because of its importance, become a representation of man's belief in humanity, his need for individual dignity, his beliefs in the cooperation of men, and through cooperation, his ability to find greatness. Minoru Yamasaki, chief architect of the World Trade Center

AMY SANCETTA / THE ASSOCIATED PRESS

JUSTIN LANE / THE NEW YORK TIMES

Clockwise from top: A second aircraft approaches the World Trade Center just prior to hitting the skyscraper; Within a span of 18 minutes, two planes crashed into each of the twin towers of the Center; People jump to their deaths from the burning towers; Firefighters near the base of the Center following the collapse of the twin towers; The south tower of the Center begins to collapse; A fire ball erupts from the upper floors of the south tower of the Center after a second plane hit the complex; The south tower collapses as smoke billows from both towers.

COMPILED FROM NEWS SERVICES BY: JOE OCONNOR, SIOBHAN ROBERTS, JASON CHOW, BENJAMIN ERRETT, GRAPHIC BY: KAGAN MCLEOD / NATIONAL POST

A14

U.S. UNDER AT TACK

~ NATIONAL POST, WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 12, 2001

All of us were just standing there unable to move. You just cant believe it. A few people had friends or relatives [in New York] so they left the building crying an employee at Deutsche Bank in First Canadian Place
REACTION IN TORONTO

PEARSON COPING WITH REROUTED PASSENGERS

Transport Canada will decide when ights resume
BY MARK GOLLOM AND BRAD MACKAY

LYLE STAFFORD / NATIONAL POST

People watch coverage of the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center and Pentagon on a screen at the intersection of Yonge and Bloor streets.

Office buildings, CN Tower closed as precaution

Many working in skyscrapers felt uncomfortable
BY JENNIFER PRITTIE, PETER KUITENBROUWER AND DESMOND BROWN

Much of Toronto shut down early yesterday as ofce buildings were evacuated or employees opted to go home, events were cancelled and rush hour transit service began hours ahead of schedule. Police were placed on heightened alert and Torontos emergency planning committee took over operations of the city from a command centre in Don Mills. The CN Tower was evacuated for the rst time in its history, and the Toronto International Film Festival came to a standstill. Sunnybrook and Womens College Health Sciences Centre, with its renowned trauma unit, held a blood drive and was preparing to receive patients from New York City if necessary.

Were ready if we are asked, Sandra Cruickshank, a hospital spokeswoman, said. The most immediate local reaction to the tragedy was visible yesterday morning along Bay Street. At 10:45 a.m., the Toronto Stock Exchange suspended trading, and by 11 a.m. work appeared to come to a halt as the magnitude of the news sank in. Hundreds stood or sat on the oor at Scotia Plazas Investor Update centre, concern etched on their faces, watching a giant television. Its unbelievable. Its extremely scary, said Jen Hunter, a researcher at the recruitment rm Russell Reynolds Associates, who sat watching for 90 minutes. Our head ofce is in New York. We have 300 people in the Chrysler Building. A woman who works at Deutsche Bank in First Canadian Place said her ofces 150 staff members spent two hours clustered around a TV. All of us were just standing there unable to move. You just

cant believe it. A few people had friends or relatives [in New York] so they left the ofce crying, she said. Then the boss came and said All our work goes through New York and we cant communicate with New York so you might as well go home. By noon, King Street was clogged with trafc as people left downtown. Many said they felt uncomfortable working in the citys skyscrapers after viewing the collapse of the World Trade Center towers. Im up at Oslers [Osler Hoskin & Harcourt, a law rm in First Canadian Place] on the 67th oor and pretty much everybody has left, a lawyer said. All the transcontinental ights have been diverted to Pearson and so one errant [airplane] could head this way and First Canadian Place is the target. Security guards said First Canadian Place, the countrys highest ofce tower, remained open and that tenants of the 72-storey building were free to come and go. As a security precaution, work-

ers removed garbage containers around Scotia Plaza. By 1 p.m., most restaurants and stores in Torontos vast underground city were closed. The Ontario Court of Justice at Old City Hall closed at noon. SkyDome was evacuated and a major fundraising dinner for 2,000 people scheduled for last night was cancelled. Workers also poured out of towers at the corner of Yonge and Bloor streets. At 2 p.m., about 300 people stood watching a live news conference with Jean Chrtien, the Prime Minister, displayed on a giant TV screen mounted above the intersection. Churches across the city held special services and some planned to remain open through the night. At the U.S. consulate on University Avenue, there was only a

IM UP AT OSLERS ON THE 67TH FLOOR AND PRETTY MUCH EVERYBODY HAS LEFT
small visible security presence. Several guards stood outside the main door and two policemen patrolled the sidewalk. A police truck with barricades arrived in the early afternoon, but they were not put up. Franklin Huddle, the U.S. Consul-General, came out several times throughout the day to address reporters. Its a tragedy of unparalleled proportions. Its a Pearl Harbor in the 21st century, he said. Obviously, we represent the United States in Ontario, and well do the best we can to soldier on. Mr. Huddle said his heart went out to everyone who suffered in

No. 12 The Black Pool Specialists

the plane crashes and at the World Trade Center, including those working at Canadian companies in the centres towers. Toronto police increased uniformed patrols in the downtown core to reassure citizens and to help deal with the extra trafc from the exodus of workers from the downtown core. The citys two local dailies, The Toronto Star and The Toronto Sun, rushed extra editions on to the streets in the afternoon. The evacuation of the CN Tower began about 10 a.m. yesterday, although visitors were still leaving the building an hour later. Tom Hibbert, a tourist from North Bend, Ore., was up on the observation deck when staff asked him to leave. They just said, we are closing the building for peoples safety, he said. There wasnt hysteria or anything like that. Patrons were brought down by elevator and tickets were refunded. Bud Purves, president of the CN Tower, said the building was shut partly out of a concern for safety. But he said some of his staff also had ties to workers at the World Trade Center. The buildings shared an industry association, he said, and staff worked together to co-ordinate the movement of tour groups. Mr. Purves did not know when the tower would reopen. At the Toronto International Film Festival, screenings were cancelled partway through the day. Press conferences, workshops, question and answer periods at screenings and all organized social events including lunches, dinners and parties were also cancelled. The festival has arranged for a trauma response team to assist guests and staff. Screenings will resume today.
National Post, with les from Rebecca Eckler and Dan Ovsey

BETZ IS THE BLACK POOL SPECIALIST. AFTER ALL, WE CREATED THEM MARVIN BETZ

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Canadas largest airport was shut down yesterday to clear runways for 25 of the 500 rerouted U.S.bound ights. Machine-gun toting ofcers in camouage patrolled Pearson International Airport as ofcials accepted thousands of displaced passengers who could not land in the United States. All other scheduled departures and arrivals from Pearson, which handles more than 1,200 ights a day, were cancelled soon after the attacks. Last night, ofcials did not know when the airport would resume operations, saying it was up to Transport Canada to lift its unprecedented no-y zone on the country. The U.S. Federal Aviation Administration was hoping to open airports stateside by noon today. Its constantly evolving. We dont know what is going to happen from one hour to the next, said Peter Gregg, spokesman for the Greater Toronto Airport Authority. Grounded planes had to be quickly moved to make room for the incoming diverted ights. Mr. Gregg told reporters operations ran smoothly yesterday, adding there was not an overwhelming number of passengers stranded. About 75,000 passengers usually travel to Pearson per day, he added. Mr. Gregg said the airport could have accommodated more airplanes but reroute decisions are based on fuel reserves of the aircraft and the closest airports. However, the stranded passengers created huge lines at pay phones and scrambled to book hotel rooms and rental cars. The Greater Toronto Airport Authority called to put all hotels on alert, said Stacey Coupland, manager of the Best Western Carlton Place, who said even though the hotel is sold out, they are trying to accommodate as many ight crews as possible. Captain Axel Algner was ying the German Lufthansa ight 405 from Frankfurt to Chicago when he received an order to reroute to Toronto. They told me not to discuss it on the frequency and said they could not say anything about the reasons or what happened, he said. What I thought was that it was a joke and then I couldnt believe it. Its still hard to believe it all. It gives me goose bumps just talking it about now. With American-based visitors unable to leave by air, hotels were giving priority to the clients already here. Some hotel managers in the airport area were committed to do what they could for the incoming passengers left in the lurch. We are trying to accommodate everyone who is phoning the hotel. Were going to set up cots in our meeting rooms and all around the hotel to do whatever we can to help out, said Rene Julien, manager of the Holiday Inn Toronto Mississauga. The calls that are coming into my ofce are unbelievable of people offering their homes to people who have to land in Toronto and are looking for a place to sleep, said Mel Lastman, the Mayor. For many passengers, the shocking terrorist act was at the forefront of their thoughts. Francine Lamontagne, who ew out of Washington, D.C., for Quebec City at 7:30 a.m., said she gazed at the Pentagon as her plane took off. It was so perfect and blue out and I remember having a ash and thinking, Oh thats why they call it the Pentagon because its ve-sided. I cant believe what happened after.
National Post, with les from Desmond Brown, Susanne Hiller, Jacob Richler and James Wallace

NATIONAL POST, WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 12, 2001 ~

U.S.UNDER AT TACK

A15

Please be assured that all reasonable precautions are presently being taken. We would urge all people to be calm. There has been no threat to the citizens in the city Mike Boyd, deputy chief of police
REACTION IN TORONTO

This cityis in good hands, Mayor says

READY TO ASSIST
B Y J A M E S WA L L A C E , D O N WA N A G A S AND ROBERT BENZIE

Mel Lastman, the Mayor, appealed for calm in the city yesterday in the wake of deadly terrorist attacks in New York and Washington. Theres no reason for panic. Theres no reason to be scared, Mr. Lastman said during an afternoon news conference. There is no threat to the people of Toronto. This city is in good hands. This city is safe. The Mayor condemned the attacks and asked residents to open their homes to accommodate passengers from airplanes diverted here after U.S. airports were shut down yesterday. Its a cowardly act done by maniacs, Mr. Lastman said of the terrorists action. These people may think theyre going to Heaven, but I think theyre going straight to Hell. On behalf of Toronto City Council and the two-and-a-half

DONT RUSH TO JUDGMENT, MUSLIMS URGE

BY CHRISTOPHER READ

Members of Torontos Muslim community yesterday urged people not to rush to judgment about the identity of those responsible for the terrorist attacks in the United States. In the absence of clear evidence and the true identity of the perpetrators we urge all media outlets and other opinion makers not to indulge in any speculation, the Islamic Foundation of Toronto said in a news release, condemning the terrorist acts. Mel Lastman, the Mayor, rejected the notion yesterdays attacks could provoke backlash against the local Muslim community because of speculation an Islamic terrorist group was involved. This is a city made up of people from 170 different countries, he said. We dont bring our problems here. Thats the magic of Toronto. Outside the Islamic Circle of North America Book Service in Scarborough, Nazir Khan, 61, was distraught. Im in a daze this morning. I feel very saddened by the accusations, he said. Mr. Khan said he does not agree with violent action as a means to achieve Muslim goals, noting that that counters Muslim scripture. No religion allows this, said Mohammed Atieque, a social worker, outside the adjacent Muslim Welfare Centre. It was the same thing as when the Oklahoma bombing happened, said Mr. Atieque of speculation that Muslim terrorists were responsible for that bombing.
National Post

million people of Toronto, I want to extend our thoughts and prayers to all the victims and their families who have been harmed by these unspeakable terrorist attacks in the United States, he said. Everybody in the City of Toronto is moved by it and shaken by it. Like all of you, Im in shock and outraged at these vicious attacks. Moments before the Mayor was originally scheduled to hold his news conference, a re alarm was triggered in the basement of City Hall. Many people who had gathered around several large televisions in the buildings ground oor rotunda rushed for the doors in panic. Fire trucks, with sirens blaring, had difculty negotiating streets clogged with trafc trying to leave the downtown core. There was a broken steam pipe, but no re, a relieved Al Speed, the Fire Chief, reported. The Mayors news conference was then moved to the nearby Marriott Eaton Centre Hotel. There, Mr. Lastman announced ofcials had activated the citys emergency operations centre to deal with the evacuation of several downtown buildings and to address potential security concerns. The city is also prepared to accept U.S. casualties at local hospitals and to send emergency crews to the United States if needed. We will do everything possible to assist the people of the United States to cope with their emergency, Mr. Lastman said. All our emergency services are ready to help. Ron Kelusky, general manager of the citys emergency medical services, said paramedics, ambulance crews and reghters from cities surrounding New York will likely be used to bolster rescue efforts in Manhattan. Toronto paramedics and as many as 10 ambulances could be sent to surrounding areas to cover for U.S. crews working at the World Trade Center site. In anticipation of demands for blood supplies and hospital beds from New York City, the Ontario government mobilized its emergency response centre, said Mike Harris, the Premier. I have instructed all branches of the provincial government that Ontario will provide whatever support is needed, he told reporters at Queens Park. Mr. Harris asked Ontarians with requisite skills for coping with such a disaster to be on standby. Mike Boyd, the deputy chief of police, said police are reviewing the potential for terrorist attacks here and possible repercussions against communities who may be blamed for the attacks. Please be assured that all reasonable precautions are presently being taken, he said. We would urge all people to be calm. There has been no threat to the citizens in the city. Mr. Lastman said there was little ofcials could do to prepare for the sort of determined terrorist attacks that struck New York and Washington. Nobodys up to airplanes crashing into buildings, he said. Nobodys prepared for that.
National Post

LYLE STAFFORD / NATIONAL POST

The Canadian Blood Services College Street location is filled with donors yesterday. At 1:30 p.m., 100 people were waiting in line to give blood, the one thing they could do to help victims of the terrorist attacks in New York and Washington.

Torontonians line up to give their blood

I want to do something, kid with skinny arms says
channel after another the billowing smoke, the graceful arc of the second plane, and the second crash one man said it hit the tower like an axe cutting into a cake. After a time, I couldnt look. I went to the basement and put a load of laundry in the wash. I came back up and looked at the TV again. In the moment it took to focus on the screen I saw the rst tower collapse and fall straight down and disappear in a cloud of smoke. I wondered if thered been a bomb. I saw people cover their mouths and run. I wondered if the smoke held nerve gas. How could it happen? It happens in a graceful arc. The garbage truck passed by outside. I thought the guys would not have heard the news. I went out to tell them but theyd pulled away, and as I put the lid on the can, a couple pushing prams passed by and smiled and asked how I was. I told them. They hadnt heard. The woman wondered who could have done such a thing. The man said something about the world these days, the lousy politicians, the way the environment is going I wanted to slap him. Back inside, someone on TV said the hospitals were going to need a lot of blood. I called the Canadian blood agency. It took a dozen calls to get through. At rst, no one could or would tell me if any blood was being collected for New York. And then someone said they were. Ive never given blood before. It was something I could do. There were a hundred people in the line at 67 College St. at 1:30 p.m. I waited with a woman who works at the Art Gallery of Ontario; a man with a plastic tray of chicken teriyaki; a rst-time donor who has American friends and was close to tears; a student who said all the TVs in all the sports bars were tuned to CNN; and woman with a dog on a leash. A hundred people, when normally there are three or four. The line snaked slowly through the atrium. A lab technician in a

JOE FIORITO
City columnist

he things you learn. My blood type is AB, my iron is very good, and my blood pressure is normal for a guy my age on a deadline. Heres how I know. Id just come back from taking our sick cat to the vet. My wife was getting ready for work. I was about to call upstairs and tell her what the vet said when she called down to me and asked if Id heard the news. I turned on the downstairs television. And I blinked. It was not real. There was a plume of smoke in the clear blue sky of New York. And then suddenly, before I could absorb the fact that the rst tower had been hit, there was an airplane coming in low and out of nowhere, and it ew in a swift and graceful arc and disappeared into the face of the second tower. A moments pause, a crash of glass, a burst of ame, a cloud of smoke. It was real. My rst thought I can be a bit naive was that the plane was probably empty; it must be just a couple of guys in a couple of planes theyd stolen. And then I understood. The scene was repeated on one

white coat on the second oor looked down on us and winked and gave the thumbs-up sign. A kid in the row ahead of me curly hair, baggy pants, skinny arms said, I dont want to watch this on television. I want to do something. There were 10 stations set up to take blood. I saw a sign on a counter: Please open blood bag pouches only as required. Clinic has not been busy. They were busy yesterday. They were opening blood bag pouches hand over st. No idea at that point how they were going to get the blood to New York. It didnt really matter. Blood was needed, blood was given, blood was being taken. A nurse asked me if Id ever been tested for AIDS, traded sex for drugs, had sex with a man, used a needle, been to Africa, etc. No, no, no, etc. Another nurse showed me to a bed and stuck a needle in my arm and said men can give a unit of blood in ve minutes but most women require 10 minutes. I hate needles. I didnt ask why. And I didnt look at my arm. Five minutes later I had a cup of juice and a cookie and I made my way to the door, past a line of people waiting patiently. There are days when Toronto is a mean and selsh town. Yesterday was not one of those days.
National Post jorito@nationalpost.com

A16
GORDON FISHER DAVID SWAIL SENIOR V.P. & GENERAL MANAGER CRAIG BARNARD V.P. READER SALES & SERVICE DENNIS SKULSKY NATIONAL V.P. READER SALES & SERVICE PUBLISHER VERONICA WILLIAMS V.P. ADVERTISING LYNNE MUNRO V.P. PROMOTIONS PATRICK BRENNAN V.P. MANUFACTURING

~ NATIONAL POST, WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 12, 2001

COMMENT
than that. They proved it by redening terrorism, moving it up to new levels of competence. Anyone who spent more than 10 minutes wondering how September 11 happened was forced to deal with distressing and ominous answers. These terrorists knew how to make the most detailed plan, how to train and control a collection of crazed suicide pilots, how to inltrate an airport and maybe even an airline or two. They knew about the psychological effect of timing, and gured out how to make it work for them. No one without extensive resources could co-ordinate, almost down to the minute, four hijackings of commercial aircraft, each of them Calit and that alone would make September 11 an historic day. Putting that monstrous notion into practice required a psychopathic imagination of diabolical originality. And, like the invention of aircraft hijacking some four decades ago, it seems likely to be followed by crimes of emulation. The fact that this extensive terrorist network was never penetrated by the FBI, the CIA, or the National Security Agency throws a dark shadow over the reputation of all those institutions. Americans, as they ponder this disaster, will look critically at their leadership. At a minimum, September 11 was a monumental failure of the counterterrorism system. The U.S. taxpayers, who spend billions a year on that system, without ever knowing where the money goes, have every right to feel indignant. They may also reconsider some of the freedoms they take for granted. In recent years, many Americans and others across the West have argued that our society, with its omnipresent security cameras, metal detectors, and even phone taps, is over-regulated and over-scrutinized. But yesterday this elaborate apparatus was discovered to be inadequate. Is it possible that the vulnerable Western democracies do not have enough security cameras, enough airport checks, enough intelligence on those who move across borders? Post-September 11, it seems quite possible. Something else changed. In the last few days, discussing the Second World War heroes in the miniseries Band of Brothers, critics have remarked that young people of today have no similar way of discovering their own capacity for courage. Those who spent painful hours yesterday watching thousands of reghters, police ofcers and paramedics rushing toward the burning World Trade Center probably wont worry about that problem for a long time.
National Post Robert.fulford@utoronto.ca

The beginning of a dark new era

from yesterdays terror, in the United States and elsewhere, though we cant yet know what shape it will take. The Americans and their friends have now glimpsed, in an oblique and bafing but freshly terrifying way, the dark shadow of our enemies. The catastrophe that unfolded at the World Trade Center and the Pentagon, echoing quickly across this continent and much of the world, was the work of patient experts with large sums of money. Only careful planning can produce this much chaos. As the events unfolded, like a bad movie that some madman had turned into reality, America discovered that its most hate-lled enemies

Our virtues make us targets

G E O R G E F. W I L L
i n Wa s h i n gt o n

ROBERT FULFORD
mericans woke up as a different people today, transformed by the events of Tuesday, altered by a new and horrible knowledge. They learned that for all their brains and money they are weaker than they imagined, and more vulnerable. They know something now that they never wanted to learn: Chaos, which all sane societies struggle to keep at bay, has rushed into their midst, proven its unthinkable power to kill, and left them feeling, at least for the moment, swamped and helpless. On a beautiful autumn day in New York, the havoc of war made its most spectacular appearance on the American mainland since the 1860s. Worse, the fact that this much evil could be visited upon the United States made it clear that even more terrible crimes might well be committed next time. In future, when discussing Washington foreign policy and perhaps even the organization of American society, we may well speak of pre-September 11 and post-September 11. A new consciousness seems likely to develop

AMERICA DISCOVERED ITS MOST HATE-FILLED ENEMIES ARE MORE CLEVER THAN ANYONE IMAGINED
are more clever and resourceful than anyone imagined. Assumptions have been shattered. A former New York police commissioner, Ray Kelly, remarked We have relied for years on the relative lack of sophistication of terrorists. That was an innocent assumption, based on the belief that the industrially successful are superior in all ways. Its a form of innocence that no one can ever succumb to again. Terrorism normally expresses the desperation of frustrated and rage-driven militants. The people behind yesterdays events probably meet that description, but clearly they are also much more ifornia-bound and therefore heavily loaded with combustible fuel, calculated to create the most terrible explosion possible. The suicide crews who took over those planes required many helpers in the background. And all of them, killers and helpers, required a talent for silence that terrorists have not always exhibited in the past. These enemies are so ingenious that Prime Minister Tony Blair was right to speak yesterday of the new evil in our world today. No one has ever before turned a passenger aircraft into a bomb. People have thought of it, both terrorists and moviemakers, but no one has done

he acrid and unexpungable odour of terrorism, which has hung over Israel for many years, is now a fact of American life. Tuesday morning, Americans were drawn into the world that Israelis live in every day. Just at the moment when American political debate had reached a nadir of frivilousness, with wrangling about nonexistent lock boxes and the like, the nations decade-long holiday from history came to a shattering end. After about half a century of war and Cold War, Americans came to feel, understandably, that the world was too much with them, and they turned away from it. What happened Tuesday morning, and can happen again, underscored the abnormality of the decade. Terrorism is usually a compound of the tangible and the intangible of physical violence and political symbolism. The terrorists targets on Tuesday were symbols not just of American power, but also its virtues. The twin towers of the World Trade Center are, like Manhattan itself, architectural expressions of the vigour of American civilization. The Pentagon is a symbol of Americas ability and determination to project and defend democratic values. These targets have drawn, like gathered lightning, the anger of the enemies of civilization. Those enemies are always out there. At times like this, confused thought breeds confused action. The American mind must not be cluttered with two familiar clichs. One is that terrorists are desperate people. Tuesdays terrorists probably were akin to evil soldiers, disciplined and motivated but not desperate. The second clich is that terrorism is senseless. Terrorism would not be such a plague if either clich were true. Far from being senseless, much terrorism is sensible in that it is cost-efcient. Or, to borrow the language of the stock exchange, terrorism is highly leveraged. Even sporadic terror-

THE TRADE CENTER IS AN ARCHITECTURAL EXPRESSION OF THE VIGOUR OF

The consequences of nessing evil

and a jet to Cuba but a cooler customer with bigger plans? President Bush, echoing a long line of British prime ministers responding to IRA attacks on shopping streets and railway stations, called the perpetrators a faceless coward. Cowardly, agreed Rudy Giuliani, and Jim Baker. Those British prime ministers were wrong and so are the President, the former Secretary of State and the Mayor of New York. The men or women who do such things are certainly faceless but not, I think, cowards. A coward would not agree to hijack a plane. Many others might do it for, oh, $20-million, a change of identity and retirement in the Bahamas: Those would be the stakes if life was run by Warner Brothers or Paramount and the terrorist was played by John Travolta or Bruce Willis. But very few of us would agree to hijack a plane for the certainty of death. We should acknowledge that at the very least, it requires a kind of mad bravery, a bravery 99% of those of us in the West can

MARK STEYN
Continued from Page A1

Yesterday was a rebuke to those fatuities: The rst charge of any government is the defence of its borders and, without that, it makes no difference how much you spend on prescription drug plans for seniors. From the end of the Gulf War to September 11th 2001, the worlds only superpower took a long weekend off, loaded up the SUV, went to the mall. Yesterdays atrocities were a rude awakening from the indulgences of the last decade, with some awful stories to remind us of our illusions disabled employees in wheelchairs, whom the Americans with Disabilities Act and the various lobby groups insist can do anything able-bodied people can, found themselves trapped on the 80th oor, unable to get downstairs, unable even to do as others did and hurl themselves from the windows rather than be burned alive. The rst named victim I was aware of was the wife of the Solicitor-General, Barbara Olson, whom I sat next to at dinner a few weeks ago. She was one of those good-looking blond former federal prosecutors who turned up on Larry King every other night during impeachment smart, witty, a fearless scourge of the Clinton administration. She was on the American Airlines plane that crashed into the Pentagon and had time to call her husband, Ted (yesterday was his birthday), to tell him her ight was being hijacked and that she had been hustled to the back of the cabin with the passengers and ight crew including the pilots. God knows what those nal moments were like: At what point did she realize she wasnt in the hands of some jerk who wants his pals sprung from jail

purpose has shrivelled away over the decade since the Gulf War: Why was there such a comprehensive intelligence failure? Is it because the U.S. has come to rely too much on electronic surveillance satellites, telephone interceptions and virtually eliminated human intelligence the old-fashioned spies who go into deep cover at great risk to themselves? And is the delusion that you can ght terrorism with computers from outer space just another wretched example of the nouveau warfare pioneered by Mr. Clinton in Kosovo? Or, to be more accurate, not in Kosovo but far above it, and then only after dark on clear nights, dropping Tomahawks at a million bucks a pop on empty buildings. One quasi-governmental terrorist group can nd four jet pilots willing to commit suicide on the same day, but the Clinton Doctrine told the world that the greatest military power on the face of the earth no longer had the stomach for a single body bag. The doughboys of the Great War went off singing, We wont come back till its over/Over There! But not Mr. Clintons army: We wont go over till its over/Over There! It ill behoves such a craven warmonger to call anybody else a faceless coward. There are cowards elsewhere, too. The bleakly funniest moment

FROM THE END OF THE GULF WAR TO YESTERDAY, THE WORLDS ONLY SUPERPOWER TOOK A LONG WEEKEND OFF
never understand and, because of that, should accord a certain respect. Assuming (as Barbara Olsons phone call seems to conrm) that no United or American Airlines ight crew would plough into a crowded building even with a gun at their heads, the men who took over the controls were sophisticated, educated people, trained jet pilots who could be pulling down six-gure salaries in most countries but preferred instead to drive a plane through crowded ofces in one all-or-nothing crazed gesture. If these men were cowards, this would be an easier war. Instead they are not just willing to die for their cause, but anxious to do so. What causes are we willing to die for? By we, I mean the West, though in truth these days that umbrella doesnt cover a lot the United Kingdom, most of the time; France, when it suits them; Canada, hardly at all, not in any useful sense. But even Americas sense of in the non-stop coverage came when some portentous anchor solemnly reported that the United Nations building had not been hit. Well, theres a surprise! Why would the guys who took out the World Trade Center and the Pentagon want to target the UN? The UN is dominated by their apologists, and in some cases the friends of the friends of the fellows who did this (to put it at its most discreet). All last week, the plenipotentiaries of the West were in Durban holed up with the emissaries of thug states, treating them as equals, negotiating over how many anti-Zionist insults they could live with and over how abject the Wests apology for past sins should be. Yesterdays sobering coda to Durban let us know that those folks on the other side are really admirably straightforward: They mean what they say, and we should take them at their word. We should also cease dignifying them by pretending that the

foreign ministers of, say, Spain and Syria are somehow cut from the same cloth. But there is a long-term lesson for the U.S., too. It is an historical anomaly: the rst non-imperial superpower. Britain, France and the other old powers believed in projecting themselves, both territorially and culturally. As we saw in Durban, they get few thanks for that these days. But the American position that the pre-eminent power on Earth can collectively leap in its Chevy Suburban and drive to the lake while the world goes its own way is untenable. The consequence, as we now know, is that the world comes to you. Niall Ferguson, in his book The Cash Nexus, argues that imperial engagement is in fact the humanitarian position: The two most successful military occupations in recent history were the Allies transformation of West Germany and Japan into functioning democracies. Ferguson thinks the U.S., if it had the will, could do that in Sierra Leone. But why stop there? Why let ramshackle basket cases like the Sudan or Afghanistan be used as launch pads to kill New Yorkers? Instead of empire, the U.S. belongs to NATO, a defence alliance of prosperous Western nations in which only one guy picks up the tab. The U.S. taxpayers willingness to pay for the defence of Canada and Europe has contributed to the softening up of Americas so-called allies, freeing them to disband their armed forces, irt with dictators and gangster states, and essentially convert themselves to semi-nonaligned. Our own peace-loving Dominion is a haven for terrorist groups of every stripe, any member of which can get a Canadian passport just by faking a Quebec baptismal certicate and then driving a rental car over to Vermont. Ottawa had better hope none of the ngerprints on yesterdays mayhem belong to chums of Ahmed Ressam, or Washington might realize that the undefended 49th parallel is a concept from another age when the U.S. and Canada were both serious Western powers. That is no longer the case. Those nations who persist in nessing and nuancing evil should understand now that what is at stake is whether the worlds future will belong to liberal democracy and the rule of law, or to darker forces. And after yesterday America is entitled to ask its allies not for nely crafted UN resolutions but a more basic question: Whose side are you on?
National Post

U.S. CIVILIZATION
ism can necessitate the constant costly deployment of defences against it. Furthermore, the effectiveness of terrorism is enhanced by instant and mass communication, especially graphic journalism. One purpose is to deprive a government of respect and legitimacy by demonstrating that it is unable to guarantee public safety, the prerequisite of all justice. The United States, no fragile thing, is invulnerable to that purpose. However, many years ago a Chinese theorist said: Kill one, frighten 10,000. A modern student of terrorism has correctly said that in the age of terrorism, the axiom should be: Kill one, frighten 10 million. In thinking about terrorism, democracies are sometimes plagued by bad sociology and bad philosophy feeding upon each other. From the false idea that extreme action must have justication in the social environment, it is but a short intellectual stagger to the equally false idea that such acts can and should be eliminated by appeasement tarted up as reasonableness. The real aim of terrorism is not to destroy people or physical assets, still less to score anything remotely resembling military victories. Rather, its purpose is to demoralize. Terrorism acquires its power from the special horror of its randomness, and from the magnication of it by modern media, which make the perpetrators seem the one thing they are not powerful. Terrorism is the tactic of the weak. To keep all this in perspective, Americans should focus on the fact that such acts as Tuesdays do not threaten Americas social well-being or even its physical strength. However, weapons of mass destruction are proliferating. Some of them, such as nuclear weapons, can be delivered to their targets in shipping containers or suitcases or the ubiquitous automobile. Imagine a car driving down 5th Avenue spewing anthrax. The complexities of urban industrial societies make them inherently vulnerable to well targeted attacks that disrupt the ows and interconnectedness of such societies. The new dependence on information technologies multiplies the vulnerabilities. The grim paradox is that terrorism, a particularly primitive act, has a symbiotic relationship with the sophistication of its targets. And opportunities for macro-terrorism directed against urban populations and their water, food-handling and information systems multiply as societies become more sophisticated. There can be no immunity from these vulnerabilities, but that is not a reason for fatalism. A proactive policy begins with anticipation. Therefore, the rst U.S. policy response must be to re-evaluate and strengthen the national intelligence assets, particularly the CIA and FBI, which are the sine qua non of counterterrorism. Americans are slow to anger but mighty when angry and their proper anger now should be alloyed with pride. They are targets because of their virtues principally democracy and loyalty to those nations which, like Israel, are embattled salients of our virtues in a still-dangerous world.
Washington Post Writers Group

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KENNETH WHYTE MARTIN NEWLAND DEPUTY EDITOR ALISON UNCLES ASSOCIATE EDITOR MARVIN ZIVITZ PAUL WALDIE NATIONAL EDITOR EDITOR-IN-CHIEF HUGO GURDON MANAGING EDITOR DOUGLAS KELLY EXECUTIVE EDITOR DEPUTY MANAGING EDITOR DAVID WALMSLEY POLITICAL EDITOR

EDITORIALS

Death in the morning

THE NATION REACTS

A day of infamy
Sept. 11, 2001, is a day of infamy that equals Dec. 7, 1941, for not just the United States but for all of humanity. May God bless the victims and families of this horric terrorist attack. This has destroyed any innocence that we as a world community still had left.
Dan Kowbell, Toronto.

he visceral shock of watching the World Trade Center demolished by terrorists while thousands of people were inside will indelibly mark those who saw it which is most of the world. In every time zone, people who were waking and turning on the radio, commuting, arriving at work, heading out to lunch, leaving for home, or watching the evening news on television, were witnesses to a crime so devastating that it will likely change the way liberal democratic societies organize and protect themselves for a generation to come. But before considering what may happen in the future, let us dwell for a moment on the immediate past, on the terrible event that engulfed so many innocents, on the tens or hundreds of thousands of people for whom the attack was not just a numbing though mercifully distant shock, but an immediate tragedy. Some 40,000 people worked in the World Trade Center, and upward of 10,000 are thought to have perished there. A smaller, though terrible number also died in a parallel attack on Washington. Only a tiny proportion of those in the New York twin towers and the Pentagon were soldiers who might, by a stretch of terrorist logic, be regarded as legitimate targets. Rather, they were secretaries, paralegals, stockbrokers, bureaucrats, journalists, janitors and security personnel who rushed to try and rescue them ordinary, private people with friends and families whose emotional lives have now been ripped apart. It is hard to fathom the fact that anyone could rejoice at this, and yet it is so. The terrorist commanders are doubtless celebrating, and in the Middle East yesterday, the enemies of Western civilization danced in the street and cheered the ow of innocent blood, just as they danced and cheered the murder of Israelis in a Jerusalem pizzeria last month. They know that the people they have attacked will never sink to their level; if they did, the party-goers in Damascus, and Cairo and Ramallah would be incinerated. It is scant comfort in the short term, but is sustaining in the long term, to know that terrorist celebrations are predicated on the fact that the democracies they seek to destroy are their moral superiors. That superiority makes it imperative that the United States and liberal democracies everywhere ght terrorism in all its forms and wherever it lurks. The last time a large aircraft crashed into a New York City skyscraper was in 1945, when a B-25 bomber accidentally hit the 78th and 79th oors of the Empire State Building. That plane is a relic

of an age in which wars were fought against armies, not against ofce receptionists and airline passengers. As former Central Intelligence Agency director R. James Woolsey said a few years back: Following the Cold War, the U.S. is like the knight who has slain the dragon, only to nd himself among numerous poisonous snakes. It is long since time that those snakes were crushed. U.S. intelligence failed yesterday, but the CIA, National Security Agency and others have detailed information about where many terrorists are in hiding. And it is obvious to everyone else who is harbouring and encouraging the killers. Osama bin Laden is protected by the Taleban in Afghanistan, and in Palestinian-controlled territory, Yasser Arafat has a symbiotic relationship with bombers who are waging a war of destruction against Israel on his behalf. Mr. Arafat, the Taleban and others who nurture terrorists must be punished. When killers and their commanders are identied, they should be hunted down and destroyed. But similarly, when foreign governments are discovered to be giving aid and succour to terrorists, they too must be hit. They must be hit as hard as possible and as often as necessary to deter them. When explosions lit the night sky over Kabul eight hours after the New York and Washington attacks, it was briey presumed the U.S. retaliation had begun. That presumption turned out to be misplaced, but Washington must and will hit back. Only minutes before the Kabul skyline was set ablaze, Lawrence Eagleburger, former U.S. secretary of state, made the blunt but accurate assessment that people were going to have to be killed in retaliation even if those directly responsible are never identied. It should not be sufcient defence for state sponsors of terrorism to say that there is no proof of their involvement in a particular murder. If they deliberately operate outside humane, international norms and harbour terrorists, they cannot expect to benet from those norms. President George W. Bush promised yesterday that he would hunt the killers down. He is right to do so. He should make a start by destroying those who have created and perpetuated the murderous culture that has now brought mass death to the heart of Western civilization. September 11 marks perhaps the greatest single-day tragedy in the United States since the Civil War. It should also mark the end of a contemptible and debilitating epoch in which some people living in civilized democracies have made excuses for what has, all along, been inexcusable.

survived, but for her, the most traumatic sight was seeing people falling from above to their deaths. I hope that none of those terrorists entered the United States through Canada, taking advantage of our immigration policies or our acquiescence to groups that have been fundraising on behalf of terrorist groups.
David Passalent, Hamilton, Ont.

democratic society affords us and wish only to live in peace.

Michael Teal, Hamilton, Ont.

This was an act of pure, wellplanned murder by terrorists and the nations that support them.
Richard Gladwin Murray, Vancouver.

This was obviously an expertly planned and executed raid. All the terrorists social objectives seem to have been realized, if not all their physical targets. And watch out, as the worst may be yet to come. God help us all.
M.J. Ackermann, Sherbrooke, N. S.

I woke yesterday to a beautiful sunny fall morning, and sat down in front of the computer to send an e-mail to my uncle in New York City, when I heard what had happened. My uncle was one of the lucky ones who escaped with his life. But there will be hundreds, possibly thousands, who will not be so lucky. These appalling acts make my heart ache for those innocents that did not escape. I am left with empty thoughts and a strange new numbness and disbelief that Id never wish on any creature.
Jamie McLeod, Toronto.

The only positive thing that could emerge from this attack on the United States is a proper approach to combatting terrorism. The past policy of appeasing terrorist organizations merely encourages them to shed more blood. The United States must take substantive military action against all known terrorist bases as well as governments that sponsor terrorism. Had this approach been implemented sooner, the tragic events of Sept. 11 would not have occurred.
Glenn Woiceshyn, Calgary.

trated against two of the greatest symbols of Western hegemony and upon the nation that represents the height and breadth of capitalism. There is no justication that can exonerate the people who committed this crime, but I hope that calm, rational thought will prevail. Let us not ght hate with hate.
Colin Anderson, Toronto.

Whats next?
With the sincerest regard for the terrible deaths after the terrorist acts in Washington and New York, I am convinced that the massive tax cuts in the United States have lessened security inside its borders. I am also convinced demand for the highest airline prots has undermined security, making it very easy for these acts of war to succeed.
Robert Mosurinjohn, Ottawa.

The United States will go on with the strength and determination of her people. As the Phoenix is born from the re, the country will emerge from this re, stronger and more determined.
Aaron Evans, Calgary.

This is an act of war, pitting humanity against malfeasance and those who make themselves its willing subjects, perverting reason, truth and the right to justify the indefensible. And because of this malevolent quality, this is a war that cannot be fought with the normal restraints of civilized warfare. The evil we are faced with here is no different than that that underpinned the Second World War: It is a war of absolutes that leaves no reasonable room for the hope that maybe, in our adversary, there is some goodwill. We should not hesitate to strike with overwhelming force against the guilty party, whomever it may turn out to be.
P. de Jocas, Hull, Que.

Anger
The situation in the free world is devastating. My anger is at a peak, especially when the celebrations of some Palestinians are shown. This has strong possibilities of triggering more carnage throughout the country. My sympathies are with the American people this day.
William Down, Regina.

We will now witness the emergence of a united America, strengthened in its resolve, emboldened to defend the freedom of its patriots. We can expect a swift counterstrike of deadly force. The United States may now revisit the Reagan-era doctrine of peace through strength.
David C. Searle, Toronto.

Terrorists play the number games where they are willing to sacrice one life for the death of many. The only language terrorists understand is that if they kill 100 people, then the rest of the world should kill 1,000 inhabitants of the country that harbours these terrorists. The motto to combat terrorism should not be an eye for an eye, but one thousand eyes for one eye.
Tony Markle, Victoria.

Democracy under attack

When an attack on a democratic nation takes place it touches us all. Freedom is something we sometimes take for granted. This event not only reminds us how lucky we are, it also reminds us of our fragility. What do you tell your children how do you explain mans capacity for such evil? It is a sad day for all of us who respect and treasure human life, who enjoy the freedom that a

Survivor
My 22-year-old cousin Annie worked in the World Trade Center. She was being evacuated from one tower when the second plane crashed into the second tower. Thankfully she

The attacks in the United States are tragic. But do we recall the time when North Americans smugly watched similar destruction perpetrated by Americans on people much further from home? The media has targeted Muslims in their speculation on who to blame. And the Canadian Muslim communitys condemnation of the attacks was not aired, yet scenes of a few people celebrating in East Jerusalem was played repeatedly.
Naeem Siddiqi, Toronto.

In the Sept. 11 This day in History article in the National Post, it was mentioned that it was on that day in 1922 that a British mandate was proclaimed in Palestine, over the protests of Arabs. Perhaps someone else also remembered that, in planning the attacks that took place yesterday.
Steven M. Koning, Bloomeld, Ont.

Thousands of innocent lives have been destroyed in a horrifying terrorist attack, perpe-

I pray for all those who lost their lives and for the families and friends who live with the loss. I pray that the violence will end, and that peace will prevail.
Teresa Buonafede, Brampton, Ont.

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~ NATIONAL POST, WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 12, 2001

COMMENT
We are not afraid
ne themselves by their actions: people who do not inch at murdering 40,000 innocent people at one go, without provocation, without warning. Their cause, whatever it may be, cannot include human life, or humane values. It is dedicated, in fact, to their eradication. As we defend ourselves, then, we are also defending those same values: of freedom and democracy, or more broadly of decency. Of that there can be no doubt. Not any more. Americans, it should be said, have always been a little clearer about this than Canadians. As a great power, with great responsibilities, they bear the burden of living in the real world, full of real enemies. We often mock their imperial seriousness, their corny patriotism. That now will cease, too. Perhaps, in fact, we will come to better understand our parents, and grandparents the Greatest Generation, as they are justly called and to bear ourselves a little as they did. I suspect we will see something of this in the popular reaction to the days events. There will be no maudlin displays, no owers and teddy bears left for the victims: the tragedy is too enormous, too bracing for that. Neither will there be any of those tasteless jokes that surface after every disaster or did, in the Age of Irony. Rather, I suspect we will respond with something our societies might be thought to have in short supply: mature resolve. No doubt there will be anger, even some panic not unreasonably, as there is no reason to think this is the end of it. Whoever did this is as well organized and well funded as they are depraved. Any plane could be hijacked from any airport, and rammed into any building in the United States, or anywhere else. And if that possibility could be foreclosed, others cannot. As tight as we might make security, it is impossible to defend every public space against every conceivable threat. Yet there is a certain liberation in that. If there is nowhere to hide, there is no point in hiding. When your back is against the wall, it tends to stiffen the spine. We must teach ourselves, as Faulkner taught us, that the basest of all things is to be afraid. There will be time enough to debate the political ramications of all this, to consult among the allies, to decide on an appropriate response. But for now the ght is on the home front. New Yorkers have had a taste of what life was like in London during the Blitz that shot of the island of Manhattan, wreathed in smoke, conjured up the famous photo of St. Pauls. So, vicariously, have we, who watched in horror a thousand miles away. Very well. Let us have something of the spirit of the Blitz. Let us carry on about our business, undeterred. Let us ride the subways. Let us ll the ofce towers. Let us gather in public places, at rallies and ceremonies of remembrance. Let us say let us shout individually and collectively: We stand together, we the civilized peoples of the world. And we are not afraid. And one day soon it is my hope to see the World Trade Center rebuilt, exactly as it was: twin towers rising to the skies, symbols of deance, the new Statues of Liberty.
National Post

Emotionally, Im ying the U.S. ag

CHRISTIE BLATCHFORD
y late father loved Americans, as I do. I could hear his voice yesterday, stilled 15 years ago next month, as surely as if he were in the car beside me. Fuck em, he would have said. Nuke em. His generation was not beset, as much of mine is, with the ambivalence engendered by decades of peace. He never had any trouble recognizing the enemy and he wouldnt have any now. Made king of the world, he already would have bombed any nation, and the lair of any group, that had ever done anything to aid or abet Osama bin Laden, the Palestine Liberation Organization or any of the other Islamic terrorist groups. His loyalties were always perfectly clear: America; Britain; Israel; the European allies; Australia and New Zealand. Because I am my eras child, as well as his, I rush to add, he embraced these countries not because they were white they werent, even then but because they knew right and had the courage to act on that knowledge. My dads faith in the Yanks, as he always called them, would be unwavering today, correctly. Canadians know Americans as well as an outsider can, far better than those who unleashed the beast yesterday. To borrow from Winston Churchill in Britains darkest hour, a halfcentury ago, we have been on their beaches, we have own into their landing grounds, we have played in their elds and on their streets. They are our friends, and if as friends do, we have mocked them and caricatured them and been too often too quick to separate ourselves from them in our own pained quest for identity, we know the stuff of which they are made. The people who did this have underestimated them. They have looked upon the most afuent and overweight people in the world, seen softness and not understood that underneath, there is iron and resolve and unfathomable will. They have seen the startling diversity of race and religion and ethnicity and heard the cacophony of voices in that remarkable country, and failed to grasp that beneath the heart of every hyphenated American, there rages the heart of an American, period. You want the best peacetime picture of an American, think of any Olympic Games you can remember. Americans are the most feared athletes on Earth, not because they have the best performance-enhancing drugs (though they may, now); not because they spend the most money; not because they hire the best coaches or have the best programs. Americans win, too many times to count, because they refuse to lose. They thrive on the enormous pressure, especially, and always, before a hometown crowd, or an audience that includes a U.S. president. Last night, as National Post photographer Chris Bolin and I were driving to New York City, the rst ag at halfmast we passed was on the Queen

ANDREW COYNE

he Age of Irony died yesterday. Some events change history, some change lives. This will change us. We will be different people from this day; our values, our attitudes, our very personalities will change, as happens with survivors of disasters. For we are all survivors today, all of us, in every part of the free world. The free world: one of those phrases, relics of the Cold War, that many found hard to say not without a little ironic smirk. You know: the free world. Those of us too young to have known the Second World War, who remember only the ambivalence and confusion of Vietnam or are too young even for that never really understood the generation that fought the last good war: their plodding earnestness, their blind loyalties, their repressed stiff upper lips. It was all just irresistibly comic. In the sunny afternoon of our own epoch, a time of such peace and plenty as previous generations could only dream about, the done thing was to cultivate an attitude of ironic detachment, skeptical of every belief, mocking of every virtue. To be sure, our age had its share of fanatics, full of passionate

SO WE ARE AT WAR, WE PAMPERED BOOMERS AND WHINING XERS, WITH A CLARITY OF PURPOSE NOT GIVEN TO US UNTIL NOW
intensity. But even these were oddly undermined, both by the smallness of the stakes Down with McCulture! and, as often as not, by their own undergraduate relativism: There Are No Absolutes! That has all changed, as of yesterday morning. Just as it is not possible to overstate what has happened, neither is it possible to over-react. The horric attack on the World Trade Center alone would see to that. With a combined capacity of 40,000 people in its two 110-storey towers, the Center is a small city: Taking it out is the nearest thing to dropping an atomic bomb on lower Manhattan. The attacks on the Pentagon and, as it seemed was the terrorists intent, on the Capitol only compound the impression: Pearl Harbour had nothing on this. This was not just an attack on New York, or the United States. This was an attack on civilization. So we are at war, we pampered Boomers and whining Xers, but with a clarity of purpose not given to us until now. Our enemies de-

Elizabeth Way, not far from Toronto, at a shoe clearance factory. It was a Canadian ag; I wanted to pull off the road, nd the owner, and throw my arms around him.

MY DADS FAITH IN THE YANKS, AS HE CALLED THEM, WOULD BE UNWAVERING TODAY, CORRECTLY
The rst sign for a vigil came in the little border town of Lewiston, N.Y., a few minutes after a pair of U.S. customs ofcers, still with that odd, trusting American-ness, had glanced at our identication and waved us through. The sign was taped to the front window of a gas station. Join our prayers for our country, our leaders, those injured or bereaved by todays attacks, for the responders who are working to rescue

and bring order, it read. It was a classic piece of Americana open as the typical Yanks face; full of faith in God; striking exactly the right tone. I thought of the day before yesterday, before everything changed forever, and the call-in radio show Id heard with half an ear. The host was idly debating with his listeners the merits of Canada becoming a part of the United States. People were phoning in to talk about the lure of U.S. lucre, and not much else. Yesterday morning as airplanes were directed into the buildings of the World Trade Center and the Pentagon and a eld, as the wail of sirens from the city that never sleeps played again and again on television sets and radios and ensured that no one would sleep well for days, as the uncounted innocent were slaughtered this effectively happened. In the souls of many of us who consider Americans our friends, the differences between us no longer mattered. The time has come, as the old saying has it, to stick with the guy that brung you.
National Post

An attack on globalization
ed quickly, more attacks will follow with the result that targetted nations will be forced to undertake unilateral action with escalating negativeconsequencesforall. Its too easy to dismiss this as an attack against the United States, which happens to have made many enemies. Whats most chilling is that these terrorists were so murderous and so capable. They planned and executed a complex offensive that circumvented tough security measures at several airports.Theyhijackedfourcommercial jets, boarding ights that took off within minutes of one another. They used them as ying bombs and chose those headed for west coast destinations to insure there was a large amount of fuel onboardtoenhancethedamage. They humiliated the U.S. government by pulling off an attack against the most fortied building in America the Pentagon. A fourth hijacked plane, that ditched in the Pennsylvania countryside, was probably aimed toward the White House or Capitol Hill. In a matter of one hour, they drove out ofthenationscapitalthePresident of the United States, Congress and the Supreme Court and sent them scurrying to secure bunkers at undisclosedlocations. Clearly, targets were chosen for optimal effect. The World Trade Center towers were the ultimate symbols of American wealth. The Pentagon, a symbol of American September 11 marked the 20th anniversary of the UNs International Day of Peace. The International Day of Peace should be a day of global ceasere and non-violence, hesaid. Some day, some peace. An hour or so later, the UNs workforce of 12,000 was being evacuated from

DIANE FRANCIS
esterdays tragedy represents an act of war against globalizationandcivilization. Ironically, the attacks will propel the process of globalization as civilized people everywhere now have witnessed a hideous act of terrorism that underscores just how vulnerable and interdependent the worldhasbecome. New powerful global institutions and initiatives must be forged to counteract the fact that terrorists canbringtheworldseconomytoits knees and can humiliate the most powerful military force in history. If these instruments are not creat-

TRADERS DESCRIBED MARKETS AS CHAOS IN LATIN AMERICA AND ELSEWHERE

military might. But theirs was also adirectattackagainsttrade,multinationals, democracy and free enterpriseitself. It was also a slap in the face toward civilization and the United Nations, currently the worlds most legitimate, and earnest, instrumentofglobalization. Because the deed was so painstakingly planned, the date chosen had to be symbolic. Just minutes before the rst jet slammed into the World Trade Center, United Nations Secretary-General Ko Annan issued a statement that itsNewYorkheadquarters. September 11 also marked the day in 1996 that the man who assassinated Israel Premier Itzhak Rabin at a Tel Aviv peace rally was convicted. It was the date that Chiles Communist leader Salvadore Allende was overthrown and murdered with the help of Washingtons CIA. It was also on September 11, 1940 that the Germans scored a direct hit on Britains ultimate symbol, BuckinghamPalace. The crime also underscored the worlds interdependence. The -

nancial fallout everywhere was dramatic and took mere minutes. Sodidpoliticalreaction. At 8:45 a.m., when the rst highjacked commercial jet torpedoed the World Trade Centre in New York City stock, bond and currency marketswerequiet.Atinyrecovery was underway in Europe. The U.S. dollar remained strong. At 8:56 a.m., Russian stocks were edging up and Dow Jones reported a rmer U.S. dollar against the Euro in early New York trading buoyed byarecoveryinglobalmarkets. Early reports were sketchy but when another jet hit the second tower at 9:03 a.m. reaction worldwide was instantaneous. Futures began sinking in value, the U.S. dollar fell and stocks began a free fall before markets were shut downindenitely. By 9:26 a.m., Lisbon and London were in disarray; Germany succumbed by 9:31 a.m. and Mexico by 9:32 a.m. By 10:04 the rst tower collapsed along with South Africas currency. Traders describedmarketsaschaosinLatin America and elsewhere. Around this time, teenagers began pouring into the streets of Palestine by the thousands smiling and cheering thenews. Then, one by one, most of the

worlds heads of state expressed their shock and support for the Americans in statements to the media. They closeted themselves all day long with their own security advisors in order to tighten their own national security. Then stock exchangesannouncedthattrading would be halted indenitely, not temporarily, and heads of the major central banks pledged to shore up the worlds nancial system. Federal Reserve Chairman Alan Greenspan was hidden somewhere in Switzerland after his plane, headed home, was sent back. Now whats left is shock abroad and essentially martial law south of the border. The airspace has been secured. The Canadian and Mexican borders have been sealed andbusinesshasgroundtoavirtualhalt. But there is no place to hide. Globalization is complete. There are no borders and the worlds economies are forever enmeshed. Yesterday, humanity got closer than ever before in history. Now Canadians and everyone else must realize that the enemies of our friends happen to be our enemies too. And do something about it.
National Post

NATIONAL POST, WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 12, 2001 ~

U.S. UNDER AT TACK

A19

The terrorist attacks are a declaration of war against the civilized world. Whoever helps or protects these terrorists violates all the fundamental values which make it possible for peoples to live together German Chancellor Gerhard Schroeder
DAY OF TURMOIL

PETER MORGAN / REUTERS

Terrorists who crashed two jetliners into New York Citys World Trade Center yesterday reduced the towers into a massive pile of rubble. Officials say people trapped in the debris are using cellphones to call for help.

Tragic hour in American history

AT TA C K S
Continued from Page A1

The death toll from the four planes alone 266 people eclipsed the 168 deaths in the 1995 Oklahoma bombing, the previous worst terrorist attack in the United States. John McCain, a senior Republican senator, called the attacks an act of war. None of us will ever forget this day, Mr. Bush said. The Boston Globe reports that investigators suspect Islamic extremists after nding a copy of the Koran, a videotape on how to y commercial airliners and a fuel consumption calculator in luggage that did not make it on to one of the doomed jets that crashed into one of the World Trade Center towers. The bags belonged to a man with an Arabic name who investigators believe was one of the hijackers. He got on American Airlines Flight 11 after ying into Boston from Portland, Me., but his bags missed the connection. Even as the realization set in that the world might never be the same, the airspace over North America was closed to all but essential military trafc. Flights scheduled to land in the U.S. were diverted to Canada or turned back to the originating foreign airport. Air travel is expected to remain halted until at least noon today, while stepped up vehicle inspections caused huge lineups at the Canada-U.S. border. A passenger on one hijacked plane called her husband on her cellphone to tell him the ight had been commandeered by men armed with knives who had herded passengers and the ight crew into the rear of the plane. Barbara Olson, a former federal prosecutor, asked her husband: What do I tell the pilot to do? Minutes later, the plane ripped a gaping hole in one side of the Pentagons stone exterior. Ms. Olson, the wife of Theodore

Olson, Mr. Bushs Solicitor-General, was aboard American Airlines Flight 77 that left Dulles International Airport in Washington and was crashed into the Pentagon. Also among the dead was Canadian Garnet (Ace) Bailey, the director of pro scouting for the Los Angeles Kings, who was a passenger on United Airlines Flight 175. Mr. Bailey, 53, a native of Lloydminster, Sask., was a former Edmonton Oilers player and scout who was once a linemate of Wayne Gretzky. The pilot of one of the planes that crashed into the World Trade Center has been identied as John Ogonowski. Apocalyptic scenes were witnessed in New York as news channels showed rst one, then the second tower of the landmark New York buildings shudder and collapse within hours of the rst attack at 8:45 a.m. Some of the estimated 40,000 workers in the twin towers jumped or fell to their deaths as ames and smoke engulfed them. I saw couples jump holding hands. I could see their arms and legs ailing. said David Jersey, a waiter in Manhattan. Just before the buildings collapsed, someone who answered the phone on the trading oor at interdealer-broker Cantor Fitzgerald, located near the top of the Trade Center, said: Were f---ing dying! and hung up. There was screaming and yelling in the background. The Trade Center towers collapsed within a few minutes of each other, in a burst of smoke, glass and metal. We have entire companies that are just missing ... we lost chiefs ... we are going to have bury a lot of people, said Mike Carter, the vice-president of the New York reghters union. Ofcials said they believed there were survivors in buildings next to the collapsed Trade Center towers. Two people have been rescued from the World Trade Center

rubble, Rudolph Giuliani, the New York Mayor, said late last night. We have been able to get two people out who have been identied as Port Authority police ofcers, he said. I dont have their identities, I dont have their conditions. Mr. Giuliani also conrmed that police had received phone calls from people trapped in the twin towers. Mr. Giuliani along with New York Police Commissioner Bernard Kerik, said emergency services were receiving phone calls from people trapped inside the remains of the 110-story twin towers. A police department source told Reuters the trapped callers have dialed the 911 emergency number and were trying to describe to police where they were trapped. Mr. Giuliani said the callers are also saying there are other people alive nearby them. Maral Gibbs, a volunteer reghter from Vineland, N.J., spent more than 10 hours working around the collapsed buildings and was part of several rescues, one involving a man who was trapped in a collapsed subway beneath the building. There are still a lot of people alive in the rubble, but because of the risk of collapse and the heat, we cant get in there and get them, Mr. Gibbs said. You can hear them yelling, Help me. You hear people crying, and its so frustrating because of the risk that its going to collapse again. The collapse of the towers sent weeping New Yorkers streamed through the citys streets to escape dust, ying debris and the terrible scenes. People were hysterical, saying Were going to die, said eyewitness Marjorie Olster. Fireghters struggled late into the night to control res around the collapsed buildings, including a smaller 47-storey tower near the two larger structures that collapsed later in the afternoon.

Paramedics waiting to be sent into the rubble were told that once the smoke clears, its going to be massive bodies, said Brian Stark, a former U.S. navy paramedic who volunteered to help. Rescuers were hampered by raging res and falling debris at the scene of the attened Trade Center, scrambling to get to dead and injured victims. As darkness fell, the army of 10,000 searchers brought in dogs and lights so that they could work through the night to try to reach any survivors. It could take weeks to dig through the rubble for trapped victims. As the extent of the devastation became clear there was criticism of intelligences services for an apparent failure to warn of such a massive attack. Sen. Bob Graham, chairman of the Senate Intelligence Committee, said there had been warnings, but none had anticipated such a catastrophe. An Arab journalist with access to bin Laden said yesterday that the renegade Saudi had warned three weeks ago of an unprecedented attack on U.S. interests. The attacks left the United States and the world stunned and furious, and were widely compared to the 1941 sneak attack on Pearl Harbor that thrust America into the Second World War. This is comparable to Pearl Harbor and we must have the same response and the people who did it must have the same end as the people who attacked Pearl Harbor, said Henry Kissinger, the former Secretary of State. The attacks set off major security alerts around the world, grounding commercial ights as far away as Asia and bringing virtually all non-military aviation in North America to a halt. U.S. forces everywhere were put on their highest state of alert and government buildings around the country began to be evacuated, including the White House. The Secret Service rushed to

protect top members of the U.S. government. Senior members of Congress, including the Senate majority leaders and the speaker of the House of Representatives, were taken to an undisclosed location, authorities said. The United Nations was closed as were New Yorks subways, tunnels and bridges. Canadian ights were also grounded yesterday and Jean Chrtien, the Prime Minister, ordered heightened security and put the military on high alert. Federal ofcials said CF-18 ghter jets were put on high alert and Canada's naval vessels were ordered to be ready to sail on a moment's notice. World leaders were unanimous in their condemnations and support for the U.S. Gerhard Schroeder, the German Chancellor, called the attacks a declaration of war against the civilized world. Whoever helps or protects these terrorists, violates all the fundamental values which make it possible for peoples to live together, Mr. Schroeder told a news conference in his chancellery in Berlin, broadcast live on German television. An emotional Tony Blair, the British Prime Minister, pledged unswerving support for the U.S. This in not a battle between the United States of America and terrorism, but between the free and democratic world and terrorism, Mr. Blair said. We, like them, will not rest until this evil is driven from our world. Ariel Sharon, the Israeli Prime Minister, put his nation on alert for further terrorist attacks and declared a national day of mourning in sympathy for the victims of the New York and Washington attacks. I believe that together we can defeat these forces of evil. Benjamin Netanyahu, the former Israeli prime minister, suggested yesterday was a watershed for the entire world. What happened in the United States is a turning point in history.

Even the Taleban, the hardline Islamic militia which controls almost all of Afghanistan, where bin Laden is based, condemned the terrorist attacks and denied he was involved. It is premature to level allegations against a person who is not in a position to carry out such attacks, said Abdul Salam Zaeef, the Talebans ambassador to neighbouring Pakistan. It was a well-organized plan and Osama has no such facilities. Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat denounced the attacks and two radical Palestinian guerrilla groups also denied involvement with the devastating attacks. However, thousands of Palestinians throughout the Israelioccupied territories and in Lebanon celebrated news of the attacks, shooting ries into the air and handing out candies to children to celebrate. In Washington, the Council on American-Islamic Relations, a leading U.S. Islamic advocacy group, called on Muslims across the nation to offer whatever assistance they can to help victims of the attacks, but braced for a backlash. It suggested American Muslims increase security around mosques and avoid wearing Islamic attire in public areas. This is indeed the most tragic hour in American history, said John Warner, the Republic Senator on the Armed Services Committee. It is a series of terrorist attacks unprecedented in world history.
National Post With les from Mick Higgins, Adrian Humphreys and Chris Eby

CNN / REUTERS

Barbara Olson

A20

U.S. UNDER AT TACK

~ NATIONAL POST, WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 12, 2001

Its all panic right now People will pump money into gold and theyll sell practically anything else, in order not to take risk Brad Willock, U.S. equity strategist at RBC Investments
FINANCIAL MARKETS SHAKEN

Attacks throw worlds economy into uncertainty

RECESSION
Continued from Page A1

It could be tomorrow, it could be next week. The nancial industry for all intents and purposes has been shut down. Think of the talent that was in that building, he added. Of the 300 companies in the TSEs benchmark index, 229 fell yesterday. The only two sectors gaining were oil and gas stocks and mining companies specializing in such basic metals as gold a sure sign the market is bracing for a worldwide political crisis, analysts said. Effectively, this is an act of war, like Pearl Harbor, said Doug Davis, president of Davis-Rea Investment Counsel in Toronto.

In a war, the safest investments are the things that help you ght, and oil is one of them. The price of crude oil surged as much as 13% to US$31.05 a barrel in London, later pulling back to US$29.06. It was the most volatile day for oil since January, 1991, when the Gulf War began. People are eeing into something that, if there is a world crisis, there will be some kind of safety, said Joe Connolly, director of trading at Cockeld, Porretti and Cunningham Investment Counsel in Toronto. Theres nothing you can compare this to ... Its a nightmare. Trading in Toronto was stopped at about 10:30 a.m., but not before the benchmark TSE 300 plummeted 295.9 points to 7048.8, its lowest point in more

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than two years. As shockwaves from yesterdays disaster spread across the globe, stock markets in Europe plummeted. The London and Paris stock exchanges suffered their biggest one-day declines since the stock market crash of October, 1987. Fear of a widening conict led investors to sell the U.S. dollar, instead buying gold and the currencies of nations not directly impacted by the disaster. The Canadian dollar initially plunged by almost half a cent against the American dollar, though it later recovered and closed off 0.11 cent at US63.90 cents. Gold prices had their biggest gain in two years, rising 5.4% to US$286.25 an ounce in London. Its all panic right now, said Brad Willock, U.S. equity strategist at RBC Investments. People will pump money into gold and theyll sell practically anything else, in order not to take any risk. Insurance stocks in Europe, including Alianz AG and Zurich Financial Services, plunged on concern that the attacks may be the most expensive man-made disaster ever in the U.S. The World Trade Center alone was valued at about US$1.2-billion. The economic outcome of this is so huge, Conrad Mattern, a fund manager at Deka Investment Management GmbH in Frankfurt, said. Consumer sentiment will be hit hard, which may lead to less consumer expenditure next month. This will have a negative impact on U.S. growth. Around the United States and Canada the dumbfounded investment community focused on the fate of people working in the vaporized skyscrapers. Im sure Ill have lost some friends, said Peter Godsoe, chairman of the Bank of Nova Scotia. The worlds second-biggest securities dealer, Morgan Stanley Dean Witter & Co., was the biggest tenant in the World Trade Center, occupying approximately 50 oors of ofce space with 3,500 employees. A company spokesman said they had no way of knowing how many of their employees were able to get out of the buildings before they collapsed. Bank of America had 4,000 employees in Manhattan, including an unspecied number at the World Trade Center. Hundreds of people were employed at Cantor Fitzgerald, one of the largest traders of U.S. Treasuries in the world. The U.S. economy was already in a precarious state before yesterday, having seen growth stall to 0.2% in the second quarter from 1.2% in the rst and debate is raging over whether it would fall into recession. A recession is generally dened as two quarters of negative growth. Much of the world, including Canada, has been ghting the U.S. drag as their main export destination pulls in its horns. Analysts said the immediate is-

PETER J. THOMPSON / NATIONAL POST

Stunned Bay Street workers stop to read the latest news about yesterdays World Trade Center attacks.

sue would be to keep the nancial gears moving and both the U.S. Federal Reserve Board and the Bank of Canada moved quickly to assure investors they were open for business and would provide liquidity to nancial markets. The longer term impact would be hard to judge and depended on how long it takes for the economy to get moving again, economists said. We dont know how long that will last but its clearly not good for growth, said Douglas McWilliams, head of independent think-tank the Centre for Economic and Business Research in London. The biggest uncertainty will be how investors and consumers react. Paul Ferley, assistant chief economist at Bank of Montreal, said: Certainly people are devastated by what has occurred but it may

not be sufcient in terms of individuals retrenching in a dramatic sort of way. Spending and condence numbers will be watched closely. Were in new territory here. Analysts expect the U.S. Federal Reserve and other central banks to cut interest rates in an effort to keep spending going. What will really matter, leaving aside the tragedy of the whole thing, is the policy response to come out of America, said Michael Lenhoff, chief portfolio manager at British fund manager Gerrard Ltd. Were talking about a dip in U.S. gross domestic product that nobody ever thought could have happened. Analysts said that if events escalated into war, they could prolong the economic difculties in the Gulf War oil prices continued to surge or they could eventually spur activity and cause

an uptick in growth. Robert Mundell, professor of economics at Columbia University and 1999 winner of the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Science, said the U.S. economy could withstand the attacks. It will have a little effect but not a big effect on economic growth, he said. What the government does may go in the other direction youre going to have a new building, and there may be a step up in military spending, he said. When trading nally resumes, most expect stocks to fall, but how sharply is anyones guess. They dont even know whos done this, said Mr. Willock. So if nothing happens in the short term, the markets may just grind lower, rather than jumping lower. But its not going up.
National Post, with les from Charles Foran and news services

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NATIONAL POST, WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 12, 2001 ~

U.S. UNDER AT TACK

A21

This morning I saw people jumping out of the top oors of the World Trade Center as they tried to escape the ames. What do you think that does to a person? We lived this with the rst bomb attack almost 10 years ago. This city is too dangerous to live in
SCENES FROM GROUND ZERO

ANDREA MOHIN / THE NEW YORK TIMES

Joseph Sylvester crosses the Brooklyn Bridge to escape the aftermath of the terrorist attack on the World Trade Center. Mr. Sylvester works across the street from the World Trade Center at the World Financial Center.

Reliving the Second World War in the 21st century

New Yorks streets resembled Londons during the Blitz
B Y S T E V E N E D WA R D S
N E W YO R K

The sheer terror inicted by the Nazis V1 buzz bombs as they dropped on to London during the Second World War was relived yesterday by thousands streaming away from the World Trade Center and me marching toward it. As the centres twin towers blazed from impacts of two hijacked airliners, a deafening rumbling lled the air. Like the roar of a jet aircraft on a runway as it takes off or lands, it persisted, growing louder, convincing us a third plane was headed at the area. Screams rose up from the crowd. Its another attack, yelled one person. Another cried, Oh my God, were going to be hit again. Almost everyone in the crowded, narrow street began running. Some dodged into building archways. Some tried to get as far away from the World Trade Center as possible. An old woman struggled to keep her balance with her threepronged walking stick. We were little more than two blocks from the towers, but the canyon effect of the skyscraper-lined streets made it impossible to see what was happening only 100 metres away. No third plane landed, but millions of tons of steel and concrete crashed to the ground as the rst of the towers collapsed. A dust cloud powered up the street like an avalanche, devouring all in its path. We were plunged into total darkness, unable to see even a hand in front of the face. The elderly woman next to me grabbed hold of my shirt and begged me to stay with her. Another woman took my hand and asked me to take her home to Brooklyn, across the river from Manhattan. Voices cried out in the darkness, calling for help and mercy from the Almighty. People began coughing as the

dust-lled air entered their lungs. "Were going to choke to death, said my elderly friend, who was called Edith Zoualy. Dont leave me. I dont want to die. The two women did not know their presence was as much a comfort to me as mine was to them. We made our way to the sidewalk and felt for the buildings wall. Well just walk slowly along the wall until we start to see some light, I said. The dust entered our eyes, stinging them. Gradually, silhouettes of other stranded people began to appear. We emerged into a halflight and gazed upon an eerie spectacle of abandoned cars and a line of tour buses for nearby Wall Street, their doors left open. The tourists had escaped, possibly into nearby stores, which had become havens from the horror outside. We slipped into a pharmacy behind scores of other dustplastered people, and had bottles of water thrust into our hands to help us clear our clogged lungs. The oor was ooded as the pharmacys staff poured water over the heads of people arriving to clear them of the dust. Many inside were coughing and spitting. Some were crying. Catherine Wilson, 32, a legal secretary who worked near the World Trade Center, came with an eye bath so I could see without blinking. I heard the rumbling, and we thought it was another bomb, she said. Nearby, Roberto Cruz, 42, a hotel worker, sat groaning and pressing a bandage to a gash on his forehead. I bumped into something, he murmured. A man cried, He needs a doctor. But there were only victims. To drive home the point, a woman screamed, Theres someone with a broken leg in the hallway. Detective Steven dePaola, his blue police badge now grey with dust, did what he could to comfort people in distress. He told me how and his two partners had seen the rst tower start to crumble and just ran. He lost them in the darkness and did not know whether they made it out alive.

These people , he said. In a show of solidarity that was to manifest itself through the disaster area and beyond, the pharmacys staff handed out not only water, but medicine, food, rst-aid dressings anything people needed to overcome the emergency, said manager Asif Khan. Half an hour later, people returned to the street to head away from the area. By that time, the second tower had also collapsed. Around the World Trade Center, darkness still reigned. The road and sidewalk were covered inches thick with dust, as well as page after page of loans forms, phone bills, insurance applications, executive summaries, and all manner of other documents. On a normal day, they would have lled the workday of the thousands of people who earned a living at the World Trade Center. But this was to be the day of the biggest terrorist attack on U.S. soil. The streets looked as if they had been dressed for a scene in The Day After, which told of the aftermath of a nuclear attack on the United States. The windows of stores facing the towers were smashed in. Around the corner on

IM HEADING FOR THE SUBURBS. THEY DONT ATTACK THE SUBURBS

Broadway, the spire of St. Pauls Chapel protruded deantly, as had the dome of St. Pauls Cathedral during the London Blitz. Through the silence, teams of reghters and police began to appear. They entered hardware stores and pulled out masks, shovels, buckets. Anything we think we can use, said Ofcer John Keane. Reports began to lter through that thousands had been trapped and killed when the buildings fell. We know there are bodies and survivors in there, said one federal ofcial. But we have to go back in slowly. We have to get other people out of danger as well. As more of the dust cleared from the air, the skeleton of one of the towers became visible, a black structure that stooped over like an old man who had had the life beaten out of him. Its hard to think that that was once part of two beautiful buildings, said Giselle Alicea, 29. How many families will now have to be supported because of what these people have done? New rumbles, like aftershocks, sent shudders through people as the structures toppled. Intermit-

tently, groups were herded out of buildings where they had sheltered and rushed to the limits of the disaster area. This morning I saw people jumping out of the top oors of the World Trade Center as they tried to escape the ames, said a shaken John Acquavella, 31, a computer consultant. What do you think that does to a person? We lived this with the rst bomb attack on the World Trade Center almost 10 years ago. This city is too dangerous to live in. The day had begun normal enough, with people turning up for work in downtown Manhattan, the nancial centre of the United States. This is old New York, so the streets are narrow and winding. There are numerous garden areas around the World Trade Center where workers eat doughnuts and sip coffee. An untold number would have died after being hit by falling debris that eyewitnesses said spewed out of the buildings after the impacts. Walking briskly from the area after the rst plane hit, Dan, 28, said hed seen an aircraft approach from a window of his ofce. It looked like the sort of plane that would take passengers to Florida, he said. I saw it come round the tip of the island, then dovetail, and head straight for the tower. I saw it impact. Flames ew out 200 feet. In our building, there was no panic, but everyone left, and I am going to keep walking until I get well away from there. Al, a nancial analyst, said his company ordered workers to remain in the building after the rst plane hit. That impact shook the windows, he said. I could see debris ying and that the top of the tower had been blown out. I was in shock. Suddenly I saw someone jump. People were screaming in my building. In the second impact, the plane came out of nowhere, then there was a second massive explosion, Al said. Stuff went ying. I decided to get out of there. Michael Seifer, 29, said the exit from his building was blocked by a giant tire from one of the aircraft. Im heading for the suburbs. They dont attack the suburbs. Just outside the disaster area, New Yorkers lined the streets, watching the parade of people being evacuated. It was as if veterans were returning from war. Some onlookers offered cups of water; some even opened their homes to anyone who wanted to rest. You have to help out in a national crisis, said Ralph DiToro, who offered washroom facilities to anyone who needed them. Its the least we can do.
National Post

Frantic calls made on board ights

I love you very much, in case I dont see you again
BY MICHAEL HIGGINS

Oh my God, were going down, screamed a female ight attendent into a cellphone aboard American Airlines Flight 11. Moments later at 8:45 a.m. the jet crashed into the World Trade Center. Another passenger aboard the doomed United Airlines Flight 93, which crashed outside Pittsburgh, phoned his mother to say: I love you very much, in case I dont see you again. Seconds earlier he told her: Weve been taken over by three men that say they have a bomb. Mark Bingham, a 31-year-old California public relations ofcial travelling on the plane one of four that crashed during a wave of terrorist hijackings called from the planes airphone yesterday morning, his mother Alice Hoglan said last night. Mr. Binghams ight was bound from Newark, N.J. to San Francisco International Airport when it was hijacked. There was a lot of commotion in the background when he called, recalled Ms. Hoglan. Lots of voices, but I couldnt make them out individually. The FBI has been interviewing the Hoglans at a hotel near San Francisco airport. Yesterday it was revealed the ight attendant and at least four passengers had managed to make a nal call to loved ones or authorities. The ight attendant on Flight 11 was reported to have called her supervisor from the plane to report that a Middle Eastern-looking man in business class had stabbed several passengers and ight attendants. We are being hijacked, she said, according to a source. The calls paint a terrifying picture of the terrorists stabbing passengers and ights attendents in order to gain control of the planes. Passengers and crew were then herded into the back of the planes as the terrorists are believed to have taken over the controls.

The hijackings all appeared to follow the same pattern, according to the calls. A businessman aboard a United ight that left Boston and crashed into the World Trade Center twice called his father as his plane was being hijacked, a law enforcement ofcial said. The ofcial, speaking on condition of anonymity, said the victims father was interviewed by the FBI. The father indicated his son made two calls both times the phone cut off. In the rst call, the businessman said a ight attendant had been stabbed. In the second call, the son said his plane was going down. Another man aboard Flight 93 was reported to have locked himself in a toilet and called an emergency dispatcher, according to CNN. He said: We are being hijacked. The plane was going down, the man said. It was reported the caller, believed to be on board the ight, reported an explosion and saw white smoke in the cabin before the line went dead. Glenn Cramer, a dispatcher in Westmoreland County, Pa., said the distress call was made at 9:58 a.m. Mr. Cramer said the man stressed that the call was not a hoax. On board American Airlines Flight 77 that left Dulles International Airport in Washington and was forced to crash into the Pentagon, was Barbara Olson, the wife of Solicitor General Theodore Olson who called her husband as the hijacking was occurring. Were being hijacked, she said. What should I tell the pilots to do? In a second quick call, Ms. Olson said two hijackers, armed with knives and a box cutter, had herded most of the 58 passengers, the four ight attendants and a pilot into the back of the plane, her husband said in an interview. He said she did not describe the attackers, but clearly referred to there being more than one of them. She called from the plane while it was being hijacked. I wish it wasnt so but it is, he said.
National Post, with les from The Associated Pres

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NATIONAL POST, WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 12, 2001 ~

U.S. UNDER AT TACK

A23

I cant believe they picked this day to do this, and that I watched that crash. And I didnt know. I cant believe this happened. I still feel Im going to wake up at any minute and it will have been a bad dream Cheryl OBrien, who lost her mother
THE VICTIMS

Former NHLer, TVproducer among those aboard jets

I think Im in shock, says brother of pilot on Flight 11
BY BELLA ENGLISH AND T H O M A N FA R R A G H E R
BOSTON

Kenneth A. Angell, the Roman Catholic bishop of Vermont, held a Mass at noon yesterday to pray for the people who had been killed on the planes involved in yesterdays tragedies. Within hours, he learned his brother and his sister-in-law were among them. The tragedy sliced painfully through New England, where the two ights headed for New York originated. Bishop Angells brother, David Angell, 54 a native of West Barrington, R.I., and a long-time NBC producer who played a leading role in creating Frasier, Wings and Cheers was on his way to Los Angeles with his wife, Lynn, when they were killed. Canadian Garnet Ace Bailey, the director of pro scouting for the NHLs Los Angeles Kings, died in the attack. He won two Stanley Cups with the Boston Bruins and was a former linemate of Wayne Gretzkys in Edmonton. A mother of two from Worcester, Mass., who was an infrequent yer who fretted about leaving her children behind, also died. She was very into being a mom, said John Creamer, who kissed his wife, Tara, goodbye before

dawn as she headed for Logan airport and her ight to Los Angeles. The couple have two children: Colin, 4, and Nora, 1. She was just a kind and loving wife and mother. And she was everything to me and my children. Jim Ogonowski, the young brother of John Ogonowski, the pilot on American Airlines Flight 11, struggled to absorb the enormity of the events that claimed his brothers life. I think Im in shock, he said. I keep looking at the corneld behind me, hoping my brother comes walking on out. Two airliners, one from American Airlines, the other United, left Boston for Los Angeles with more than 150 on board. As the echoes of what authorities called the deadliest act of terrorism in U.S. history reverberated around the globe, the awful news of death in the family was delivered more simply: A telephone call from a relative. A knock on the door. An anguished glance at a travel itinerary. My brother-in-law called Americans special number and was on hold forever, said Christie Coombs, 40, who was planning to celebrate her 17th wedding anniversary with her husband, Jeffrey, later this month. First they said [Jeffrey] wasnt on the list that he missed his ight. But then they came back and said, yes, he was on the plane. Like many passengers, Mr. Coombs, 42, was a businessman, a manager for Compaq Computer who travelled to stock exchanges around the world. His three chil-

dren Meagan, 10, Julia, 7, and Matt, 12 returned home from school yesterday and ran up the front lawn, and cried, hoping for the news to be wrong. His birthday is next Tuesday and mine is Saturday, his widow said. Some birthday present burying my husband. Daniel Danny M. Lewin, a well-known businessman of Bostons new economy, was on a business trip and on American Flight 11 as well. A math guru, entrepreneur, and PhD candidate at MIT, the 31-yearold was a founder of Akamai Technologies Inc. in Cambridge. He was a husband and father of two young boys, and once served as a soldier in Israels Defence Forces. He was one of the most extraordinary and brilliant people I ever met, said Paul Sagan, president of Akamai, a company that makes the Internet work faster for stock markets, entertainment giants and news organizations. Alexander Filipov, father of David Filipov, the Boston Globes Moscow bureau chief, was on Flight 11, but he was not supposed to be. Alexander Filipov had a ticket for a Delta ight, but he changed it at the last minute. It was one of those last-second switches. Usually you hear about the switch the other way, David Filipov said from Moscow. Alexander Filipov, 70, was an electrical engineer by trade and was on his way to a business meeting with the company with whom he worked as a consultant. If Alexander Filipov was on the fatal ight by chance, Thelma

THE CANADIAN PRESS

DAVID BROW / THE ASSOCIATED PRESS

Garnet Ace Bailey, left, a former player for the NHLs Boston Bruins, and John Ogonowski, the pilot on American Airlines Flight 11, were among those who lost their lives in yesterdays attacks.

Cuccinello boarded her ight by design. Her daughter, Cheryl OBrien, is a travel agent who last month found her mother a good deal on a fare to Los Angeles. Ms. Cuccinello, 71, was headed for a visit with her sister and brotherin-law in San Luis Obispo, Calif.. Her discount voucher expired at months end. Dont forget to call me so I can pick you up at the airport, Cheryl OBrien told her mom before she left. Then she kissed her mother, told her she loved her and said goodbye. Its funny, I watched Oklahoma City and I saw those peoples faces and I sat there and cried for their families, she said. I cant believe they picked this day to do this, and that I watched that crash. And I didnt know. I cant believe this happened. I still feel like Im going to wake up at any minute and it

will have been a bad dream. Also among the victims is Mark Bavis, 32, a scout for the Los Angeles Kings hockey team. Mr. Bavis played on three championship teams for Catholic Memorial High School and played for four years on Boston Universitys hockey team. Mr. Bavis also ran summer hockey camps for local youth. Mr. Bavis, who had a twin brother, was the youngest of eight siblings. The family has suffered through tragedy before, having lost a brother 15 years ago and their father 10 years ago, said Patrick Bavis, Marks brother. You think youre through it enough, and then it just hits you again, Patrick Bavis said. The kid was at the prime of his life. Everything was going well for him. He was just such a happy kid. At least two dozen relatives and friends of the Boston passengers streamed into the Logan Hilton

yesterday, seeking news about the victims and support from priests, ministers, and Red Cross and Salvation Army volunteers. Its horrible, one volunteer said. You just want to cry, youre so upset. And theyre in shock. Its just unbelievable that this would happen in the United States. As Americans searched the heavens for answers about 3,500 people attended a vigil at Memorial Church off Harvard Yard late yesterday afternoon families of the victims sought a solace of their own. You know, it hasnt even hit me now, said John Creamer. To fathom what has happened to Tara and me and our families and all the other poor families who are going through what were going through. My prayers are with those families, too. This is just a tragic waste of life.
The Boston Globe

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A24

U.S. UNDER AT TACK

NATIONAL POST, WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 12, 2001

What we are imagining is that the airplanes damaged and probably destroyed a number of the perimeter columns and weakened the perimeter of the buildings Ron Klemencic
THE STRUCTURE

Towers designed to survive planes impact

BY SIOBHAN ROBERTS

PORT AUTHORITY OF NEW YORK

The World Trade Centers twin 110-storey towers were constructed to stick out like two giant sore thumbs.

Only days ago, the structural engineer who in built the World Trade Center boasted that hed designed it to withstand the impact of a plane. I designed it for a 707 to smash into it, said Les Robertson, who together with John Skilling commandeered the structural feat of erecting the worlds tallest building in 1970. That was Mr. Robertsons response last week to an off-thecuff question at a conference on tall buildings in Frankfurt. He was asked what he had done to

protect the twin towers from terrorist attacks. After the 1993 attempt to fell the towers with a bomb, Mr. Robertson had similar condence in the structural integrity of his design. Mr. Robertson, who has worked on three of the ve tallest buildings in the world, said, If you went in with a hacksaw and took out columns, the building would still be standing. But yesterday the twin towers imploded, leaving structural engineers confounded. Ron Klemencic, president of Skilling, Ward, Magnusson and Bershire (the structural engineer-

ing company that in 1970, then under Skilling and Robertson, built the towers) watched the footage several times yesterday. Im speculating, he said, but what we are imagining is that the airplanes damaged and probably destroyed a number of the perimeter columns and weakened the perimeter of the buildings. The structural design of the World Trade towers was unique in that all the vertical loadbearing columns were on the perimeter, with none in the centre as with conventional design, leaving an acre of oor space for open-concept ofce layout on each of the 110 storeys. Or because the building did stand for more than an hour after the impact, it wasnt so much the initial impact but the ensuing re. As steel heats up it loses its strength. The re had burned long enough and hot enough that the steel likely was damaged to the point that it gave way, he said. What happens then, in technical terms, is a progressive collapse in other words, a domino effect, Mr. Klemencic said. If you watch the tape carefully youll notice that the top of the building including the antenna fell down straight for a long time. Roger Nicolet, a structural engineer at the Montreal rm that built the CN Tower, speculated on the terrorists strategies. They were obviously hopeful that they would provoke immediate structural damage, Mr. Nicolet said. They tried to knock off critical supporting elements like the corner columns. I suspect that within their ability to pilot or direct the aircraft, they tried to hit as low as possible. The lower they hit the more effective it would have been, with the weight of above oors accumulating downward and cutting off circulation to the top. But it took an hour and a half before the damage fully materialized. Ned Baldwin, the architect who designed the CN Tower, comment-

NOBODY WOULD EVER ANTICIPATE THIS SORT OF DESTRUCTION

ed from New York on whether such a collapse could be avoided. Nobody would ever anticipate this sort of destruction, Mr. Baldwin said. We design for wind loads and natural phenomenon, not for this. Nevertheless, when Mr. Baldwin designed the CN Tower, he conducted studies on whether the proposed tower could withstand the impact of a DC-8 jet. The result was an 8-foot by 10foot diameter hole. We felt that the integrity of the tower would not suffer and that it would be repairable damage. When I rst saw the pictures here in New York, I thought, We know bloody well that that structure is damaged irreparably. The World Trade Center had not been intended to be such a structurally precarious masterpiece. Its architect, Minoru Yamasaki, designed it for 80 to 90 storeys. Only later was it decided to increase the height to make the towers the worlds tallest buildings, a suggestion said to have originated with the Port Authority. It takes a certain kind of insanity to tell an architect, Build 10 million square feet of ofce space on 16 acres and then shove as many people as you can into it, said Eric Darton, author of Divided We Stand: A Biography of New Yorks World Trade Center, published last year. He noted the complex was built to be out of scale with other buildings in the south end of Manhattan, so they would still stick out like two gigantic sore thumbs, he said. Mr. Barton, who watched the ruins smolder yesterday from his Manhattan apartment, said he has mixed feelings about the towers. For me the only thing worse than the World Trade Center, was the World Trade Center getting blown up.
National Post, with les from Jakob Von Baeyer, Benjamin Errett and the Chicago Tribune