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NEMATODES Capillaria Philippinensis (L3 in fish) intestinal mucosa primarily in jejunum

MORPHOLOGY EGG ADULT

MOT PREVENTION eaten uncooked fish Contaminated food & water

CLINICAL COMPLICATION Abdominal pain Diarrhea anorexia Malabsorption Death due to electrolyte loss

not bile stained egg shell is pitted in appearance

Stichosomes stichocytes

DIAGNOSIS TREATMENT DIAGNOSIS Stool examination for eggs, immature & mature adult worms Biopsy/ autopsy Intestinal aspirates TREATMENT Albendazole Mebendazole DIAGNOSIS Ms Biopsy Intradermal skin test latex agglutination TREATMENT Oral predisolone Thiabendazole Barbiturates sedation Salicylates given -relieve headache & muscle pain

Trichinella spiralis (L1 - in ms) Small intestine Human : Definitive + intermediate

Stichosomes Stichocytes

MOT Eating raw or semi cooked pork containing infective stage larva Predators with infective stage larvae in their meat Prevention Elimination of pigs Thorough cooking of meat Public education

Trichinelliasis Trichinosis GIT disturbances Encephalitis/ meningitis Muscular pain Periorbital oedema

Pinworm Enterobius Vermicularis (L1 in egg) caecum, terminal ileum, colon, rectum and appendix

Ventral side is flattened Dorsal side is concave

creamy or white coloured, cylindrical shape pointed at both ends cervical alae

MOT Mouth to Anus (homosexuals) finger to anus to mouth (scratching) inhalation of dust containing infective egg Eggs found in undergarments, linen/ sharing towels Prevention Frequent washing of hands & changing of linen Frequent change of night garments every day Area around anus washed each morning Dust should not be allowed to float Finger nails should be kept short Infected individuals should be quarantined at night

Enterobiasis perianal pruritus Secondary bacterial infection Insomnia, nightmares, anxiety appendicitis

DIAGNOSIS Sigmoidoscopy Scotch tape method Biopsy TREATMENT Albendazole Mebendazole

TISSUE NEMATODES
Capillaria Hepatica (L1 in egg) parenchyma of liver tissues

MOT ingesting the eggs from soil or via contaminated food not bile stained striated outer egg shell polar plugs -not prominent

Acute or subacute hepatitis with hypereosinophilia Hepatomegaly Hepatic cirrhosis Ascites/ anaemia

DIAGNOSIS Liver Biopsy TREATMENT none

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