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The pump is basically a jerk type with a plunger moving in a matched barrel, using two helical grooves machined

in the plunger to control the end of injection by uncovering spill ports and causing the discharge pressure to drop
rapidly, thus causing the needle valve in the injector to close.

Oil is supplied to the barrel via the spill ports and a suction valve. The suction valve, situated at the top of the
barrel opens when the pressure in the barrel falls below the supply pump pressure; i.e. during downward stroke of
plunger, while spill ports are covered by plunger.

Replaceable erosion plugs are fitted in the pump housing opposite the spill ports. The high pressure oil, spilling
back, as the edge of the helix uncovers the spill ports at the end of injection, hit the plugs, which prevent damage to
the pump casing

A puncture valve is fitted in the top cover


of the pump. It is opened when
compressed air from the control air
system acts on top of a piston fitted in the
top cover. Fuel oil from the discharge
side is then returned to the suction side of
the pump and no injection takes place.
The puncture valve is operated in the event

of actuation of the shut down system (all units), during the air start sequence or when excessive leakage is detected
from the double skinned fuel pipes.

Fuel oil leakage past the plunger to the cam case is prevented by the use of an "umbrella" seal

A spring loaded damper is fitted to the side of the pump connected through to the suction side of the pump. This
smoothes out the pressure fluctuations as the high pressure fuel spills back at end of injection.

VARIABLE INJECTION TIMING (VIT)


The pump is capable of Variable Injection Timing (VIT). This overcomes the disadvantage of the basic jerk pump,
where although the end of injection is infinitely variable, the start of injection is fixed by the position of the spill
ports, injection commencing shortly after the ports are covered by the top edge of the plunger.

As well as having
the normal fuel quantity
control (i.e a rack which
rotates the plunger in the
barrel), the fuel pump is
fitted with an adjustable
barrel which has a large
pitch thread machined on
the bottom. The threaded
barrel is located in a
threaded sleeve which is
rotated by a second rack.
As the sleeve cannot move
axially, and the barrel is
prevented from rotating,
then as the sleeve rotates,
the barrel moves up and
down, thus altering the
position of the spill ports
relative to the plunger, and
varying the start of
injection.
REASON FOR USING VARIABLE INJECTION TIMING:
The reason for using VIT is to achieve greater fuel economy.
This is achieved by advancing the injection timing so that
maximum combustion pressure (pmax) is achieved at about 85%
MCR (maximum continuous rating).

The system is set up so that there is no change in injection timing


at low loads (40%MCR). This is to avoid frequent changes of
pump lead during manoeuvring.

As the engine load is increased above 40%, the start of injection


advances. When the engine has reached approximately 85%
MCR at which the engine is designed to have reached pmax, the
servos retard the injection timing so that the maximum
combustion pressure is kept constant between 85% and
100%MCR.

At 90% MCR a fuel saving of 4-5g/h.p.hour is claimed to be


achieved.

Variable Injection timing also allows for small adjustments to the


fuel pump timing to be made to allow for fuels of varying
ignition qualities. Wear on the fuel pumps can also be
compensated for as can changes in the camshaft timing due to
chain elongation (up to 2 degrees)

HOW VARIABLE INJECTION TIMING IS ACHIEVED:


Low pressure air is fed to the pressure control valve, the output of which is fed to the VIT servos on the fuel pump. A link
from the governor output (or fuel pump control hand wheel) moves a pivoted bar, the position of which determines the
output of the pressure control valve.
The position of the control valve is adjustable which can be used to allow for fuels of varying ignition qualities and changes
in the camshaft timing due to chain elongation. The pivots are also adjustable for initial setting up of the VIT and
adjustment of breakpoint position.

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