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Chapter 4 EIGRP Route Summarization and Filtering

Route Filtering
Route Filtering is used to filter which routes are advertised in an EIGRP update. Advantages of route filtering: Reduces size of routing tables Saves memory Improves routing performance Secure internetwork through limiting flow of packets Enable route filtering using the router subcommand: distribute-list Refers to: ACL Prefix list Route map

Filtering using ACLs

ACL matches a route with the permit clause to allow route to be advertised. Match a route with the deny clause to filter the route. Example: R1(config)#access-list 10 deny 192.168.32.0 0.0.31.255 R1(config)#access-list 10 permit any R1(config)#router eigrp 2 R1(config-router)#distribute-list 10 out

Filtering using IP Prefix Lists

Prefix lists use both prefix and prefix length, range of prefixes or a range of prefix lengths.

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Prefix Lists Concepts

Mechanisms to match two components of an IP route: Route prefix (subnet number) Prefix length (subnet mask) Each command uses a permit or deny action that is used to match routes to imply whether a route is matched (permit) or not (deny). Syntax: ip prefix-list list-name [seq seq-value] {deny | permit prefix|prefix-length} [ge ge-value] [le le-value] Logic: 1. Routes prefix length must be within range of addresses implied by the prefix-list commands prefix/prefix-length parameters. 2. Routes prefix-length must match the range of prefixes implied by the prefix- list commands prefix-length, ge, and le parameters.

Filtering Using Route Maps

Uses logic similar to If/Then/Else programming logic. A single route map has one or more route-map commands within which are processed in sequential order using sequence numbers.

Route Map Concepts

route-map command has one or more route-map commands that all have the same text name. When referenced with distribute-list command, route-map commands are processed sequentially. route-map command includes a permit or deny action using the match command. Example: route-map bob deny 5 match (1st set of criteria)

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router eigrp 1 distribute-list route-map bob out match command references an ACL or prefix-list but can cause confusion. Key points of route map logic w/ distribution: route-map commands w/ permit cause route to be allowed through or remain in list of routes to be examined by next route-map clause. route-map commands w/ deny option either filter the route or remain to be examined by next route-map clause. If clauses match command refer to ACL or prefix list, ACL or prefix list matches route w/ deny action, route may not be filtered. Means route doesnt match particular match command and can be compared to next route-map clause. route-map command includes implied deny all at the end of clause.

Route Summarization
Allows for manageable routing tables. Instead of advertising routes for every subnet, router advertises a single route for the same range of IP addresses as more than one subnet. EIGRP summarization supported at any router.

Route Summarization Benefits and Trade-Offs

Benefits: Smaller routing tables Reduced Query scope EIGRP summarization supported at any location in the internetwork Summary has metric of the best of the subnets being summarized

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Trade-offs: Can cause suboptimal routing Packets destined for inaccessible destinations will flow to summarizing router before being discarded

Configuring Route Summarization

ip summary-address eigrp asn subnet-mask When configured, interface changes logic for EIGRP Update messages: Router brings down interface and then back up to initiate new neighborship When neighborships recover, router advertises summary route Router does not advertise subordinate routes Route added to local router routing table for summary prefix/prefix-length with outgoing interface of null0 Default AD value is 5

Auto-summary
Router automatically advertises route for an entire Class A, B or C network. When a router has multiple interfaces, and those interfaces use IP addresses in different classful networks, router advertises a summary route for each classful network. Does not include subnet mask which can cause design problems especially with discontiguous networks. To support discontiguous networks disable auto-summary. Contiguous network: Single classful network which packets pass through subnets of that same classful network w/o having to pass through any other classful network. Discontiguous network: Single classful network in which packets must pass through subnets of a different classful network.

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Default Routes
Default route matches all packets not matched by any other route in the IP routing table.

Advertising Static Default Routes with EIGRP

1. Create static default route sing ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 interface-number command. 2. Add to EIGRP topology database using network 0.0.0.0 command or redistributing static route.

Configuring Default Network

Default network is a second option for creating a default route. 1. On router where traffic is directed, identify the network that will be advertised by EIGRP. 2. Configure using the global command, ip default-network network-number