Professional Documents
Culture Documents
T-110.300/301
Global Packet Radio Service
PSTN
MS GMSC
BTS
BSC MSC, VLR
HLR
Internet
SGSN GGSN
GPRS Handovers
GERAN
PSTN
GMSC
MSC, VLR
MS BTS BSC
HLR
Internet
UE BS RNC
SGSN GGSN
UMTS RAN
• The current IPv4 address space will not support all cellular
users
• If we use NAT/PAT and 10.0.0.0/8 we get IP connectivity to
outside services, BUT
– It is difficult to have servers inside the cellular packet network
– Or peer-to-peer services
• So extending IPv4 with NAT creates an un-equal network of
clients and servers
• IPv6 is the most obvious solution
• Also note that having a public IP address is not always an
advantage, traffic flooding attacks not only provide DoS,
they also show up in the communications bill
UMTS Releases
• 3GPP R99 a.k.a R3
– The first specification
– An UMTS RAN adjacent to existing GSM/GPRS network
– Packet switching based backbone for all traffic
– Otherwise uses existing components (MSC, SGSN etc.) with
some upgrades
• R4
– Minor enhancements
– Packet switching based backbone for GSM/GPRS also
– MSC becomes an MSC server
• R5
– All IPv6 network and services
– IP Multimedia Subsystem provides access to the PSTN
– Session Initiation Protocol used for signalling
– GSM/GPRS RAN exists still
UMTS Services
• UMTS produces new service architectures
• Customized Application for Mobile-Enhanced Logic
(CAMEL) is a standard for providing IN services to GSM and
UMTS
– Handles the roaming issue, when a customer is under a
Visiting MSC and wants to use an IN service specified in the
HLR
• Wireless Application Protocol and other information
browsing methods
• Location based services
• Rich calls
• Presence services
• Open Mobile Alliance standardizes the service platforms,
http://www.openmobilealliance.org/
– Roughly modeled after IETF, but corporate driven
Convergence