Continuously Variable Transmission(CVT)

ED08B006 ED08B014 ED08B022 ED08B030 ROHAN

Problems in manual & automatic transmission

There are a limited number of gear ratios .So the transmission wont be smooth due to sudden gear changes.

Maintaining the engine in its optimum power range would be difficult due to limited number of gear changes thereby reducing gas mileage and fuel consumption.

CVT
A continuously variable transmission (CVT) is a transmission that can change steplessly through an infinite number of effective gear ratios between maximum and minimum values.

The flexibility of a CVT allows the driving shaft to maintain a constant angular velocity over a range of output velocities , thereby providing better fuel economy.

History
1490 - Leonardo da Vinci sketches a stepless continuously variable transmission 1886 - first toroidal CVT patent filed 1935 - Adiel Dodge receives U.S. patent for toroidal CVT 1939 - fully automatic transmission based on planetary gear system introduced 1958 - Daf (of Netherlands) produces a car with CVT 1989 - Subaru Justy GL becomes the first U.S.-sold production automobile to offer a CVT 2002 - Saturn Vue with a CVT launched in the market, first Saturn to offer CVT technology 2004 - Ford begins offering a CVT

CVT Designs
Pulley based CVT Toroidal CVT Hydrostatic CVT Infinitely Variable Transmission (IVT) Ratcheting CVT Variable toothed wheel transmission Cone CVTs Radial roller CVT

Pulley based CVT

In this most common CVT system, there are two V-belt pulleys that are split perpendicular to their axes of rotation, with a V-belt running between them. The gear ratio is changed by moving the two sections of one pulley closer together and the two sections of the other pulley farther apart. Due to the V-shaped cross section of the belt, this causes the belt to ride higher on one pulley and lower on the other.

Pulley based CVT

Toroidal CVT
Toroidal CVTs are made up of discs and rollers that transmit power between the discs. The discs can be pictured as two almost conical parts, point to point, with the sides dished such that the two parts could fill the central hole of a torus. One disc is the input, and the other is the output.

Toroidal CVT

Hydrostatic CVTs
Hydrostatic transmissions use a variable displacement pump and a hydraulic motor. All power is transmitted by hydraulic fluid. These types can generally transmit more torque. They have the advantage that the hydraulic motor can be mounted directly to the wheel hub, allowing a more flexible suspension system and eliminating efficiency losses from friction in the drive shaft and differential components. This type of transmission is relatively easy to use because all forward and reverse speeds can be accessed using a single lever.

Hydrostatic CVTs
The rotational motion of the engine operates a hydrostatic pump on the driving side. The pump converts rotational motion into fluid flow. Then, with a hydrostatic motor located on the driven side, the fluid flow is converted back into rotational motion. At a low speed, power is transmitted hydraulically, and at a high speed, power is transmitted mechanically. Between these extremes, the transmission uses both hydraulic and mechanical means to transfer power. Hydromechanical transmissions are ideal for heavy-duty applications, which is why they are common in agricultural tractors and all-terrain vehicles.

CVT Control

Benefits of CVT
Provide engine torque in optimum condition (road loads / drive shaft torque) No shift clonk Transmission ratio can be adjusted continuously Improved fuel efficiency Better acceleration Eliminates gear hunting especially when going up a hill

VELOCITY vs ENGINE SPEED

Disadvantages of CVT
CVT torque-handling capability is limited by the strength of their transmission medium (usually a belt or chain), and by their ability to withstand friction wear between torque source and transmission medium (in frictiondriven CVTs).

Some CVTs transmit torque in only one direction, rendering them useless for regenerative or engineassisted vehicle braking; all braking would need to be provided by disc brakes, or similar dissipative systems.

Thank You