>>Referencing Guide: AGPS Harvard Style

! ! ! ! ! All material used in academic writing should be referenced in your text, whether you give a summary of others ideas, or a direct quote. This is called in-text referencing or citing. It is also essential that a Bibliography or List of References be provided on a separate page at the end of the text. A List of References contains only publications cited in your assignment, report etc. A Bibliography contains all cited publications plus uncited publications considered to be relevant to the subject. Failure to provide in-text referencing and a Bibliography or List of References is called plagiarism, which can attract heavy penalties. Following are some examples on citing resources using the Harvard style (also referred to as the Commonwealth Author-Date style, as used by the Australian Government). These examples do not cover every contingency, please refer to the sources listed overleaf for more information. Several Schools have also compiled their own referencing guides, or web sites that deal with referencing. Check with your lecturer or tutor, or look on http://www.griffith.edu.au/elements to see if there is a guide for your school. Some specialist styles used at Griffith: Griffith Law School (Griffith Law Review style guide): http://www.griffith.edu.au/publication/glr/frameset3.html Queensland Conservatorium Style and Research Guide (available on Learning@Griffith)

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Check with your lecturer or tutor for each course about their preferred referencing style and/or preferred referencing guides. You should do this particularly for those cases where you see Consult your lecturer or tutor printed in this guide.

In-Text Citing
Citing Print Sources
Direct quote:
a) Provide the author and date, with no punctuation between the two, and the page number. This should be placed at the end of the quotation. Use a comma between the year and the p. or pp. for page numbers. Enclose the quotation in single quotation marks. (For works with 2 authors, cite all names in-text. For works with 3 or more authors use et al. after the first authors name.) b) When the authors name is cited in-text, add year and page numbers only (in brackets). c) Display a quotation of 30 or more words in freestanding block. Font should be 1pt smaller. Do not use quotation marks, and indent the block 5 spaces.

Example:
a) A person who reports a chronically low level of energy will have a managed... (Barry 2001, p. 46). b) Barry (2001, p. 46) argued in his report that a person who... c) Any break in the inflow of capital had wide-ranging ramifications:
The vulnerability of a small economy was increased by the structure of Australian trade, with primary exports exchanged for manufactured consumer and producer goods. (White et al. 1992, p. 181)

Paraphrase:
a) Provide the author and date as for a direct quote (see previous examples). Page numbers may be included if the work is long, or if their inclusion will assist readers in locating your source. Consult your lecturer or tutor.

Example:
a) Barry (2001, p. 46) refers to the persons level of energy. or This can be attributed to energy levels (Barry 2001, p. 46).

Secondary Sources:
a) When using a quote or idea from one author found in the work of another author. Provide original author, then cited in, followed by the secondary author/s, date and page number for a direct quote (see above for paraphrase). NB. The reference list provides details of the secondary source only.

Example:
a) Gardener (cited in Biggs & Tang, 2007, p. 82) states or may be achieved by students (Gardiner cited in Biggs & Tang, 2007).

Citing Electronic Sources

a) World Wide Web documents are cited just like printed works. Provide the author or organisation responsible for the site and the site date (the date of the sites creation or most recent update). If you wish to give a URL in your text, provide it with angle brackets.

Example:
a) Details of the program are available at the Universitys website <http://www.griffith.edu.au>.

No Author:
a) If there is no author or compiler, use the title of the Web document. You can abbreviate the title when citing in-text, however the first word of the title must be used to ensure that the reference can be located in the List of References.

Example:
a) Don Chipp was a Liberal Member of the House of Representatives (Australian Democrats 2004).

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List of References
This list should be alphabetised by the first word in each reference, with a blank line between each entry. The source of the work should be italicised.

Printed Sources Books

a) Single Author. b) Multiple Authors all authors to be listed. c) Organisation as author. d) Editions. e) No author or editor if no author or editor is given, the title is used. Alphabetise the entry by the first significant word in the title.

Example:
a) Russell, CS 2001, Applying economics to the environment, Oxford University Press, New York. b) Bartol, K & Martin, D 2000, Management, McGraw-Hill, New York. c) Department of Families, Youth and Community Care 1997, Implementation of national standards for outside school hours care in Queensland, Department of Families, Youth and Community Care, Brisbane. d) Sisk, H 1977, Management and organisation, 3rd edn, South-Western Publishing, Cincinnati. e) The Oxford English dictionary 1989, Clarendon Press, Oxford.

Printed Sources Edited Works

a) Single Editor. b) Multiple Editors all editors to be listed.

Example:
a) Rosner, R (ed.) 2003, Textbook of adolescent psychiatry. Arnold, London. b) Kerr, J & Sweatman, C (eds) 2003, Women reinventing globalisation, Oxfam, Oxford.

Printed Sources Other

a) Books in a series. b) Book Chapter in an edited work. c) Course Study Guide articles and book chapters in your Course Study Guide might be referenced as a standard journal or book chapter (or part thereof), or as a chapter in your Study Guide. Consult your lecturer or tutor.

Example:
a) Grand, S 2000, The reproduction of evil: a clinical and Cultural perspective, Relational perspectives book series, vol. 17, Analytic Press, New Jersey. b) Cavanaugh, JC 1999, Theories of aging in the biological, behavioral, and social sciences, in JC Cavanaugh & SK Whitbourne (eds), Gerontology: an interdisciplinary perspective, Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp. 1-32.

Non book Material

a) Journal Articles/Newspaper Articles. b) Videos. c) ABS Publications.

Example:
a) Newton, P 2001, Urban Australia 2002, Australian Planner, vol. 39, no.1, pp. 37-45. b) The rhetoric of advertising 1986, video recording, Australian Film Institute, Sydney. c) Australian Bureau of Statistics 2002, Balance of payments and international investment position, Australia, December Quarter 2002, cat. no. 5302.0, ABS, Canberra.

Legislation
a) Citing in-text When referring to an Act or Ordinance in-text, you should italicise the name of the Act or Ordinance. Cite the title exactly without changing punctuation. Include the jurisdiction in parentheses in roman type after the date. b) List of References It is recommended to separate the legislation from the main body of the list of references. List the legislation alphabetically using the subheading Legislation.

Example:

b) Legislation: Anti-Discrimination Act 1991 (Qld) Copyright Act 1968 (Cwlth)

Electronic Journal Articles (library database)

a) Commonwealth author-date style does not cover citing articles retrieved from an aggregated database such as a library database. The following example is recommended. (please check with your lecturer or tutor). Cite article as per a paper copy of the journal article, also include: the viewed date, and where the article is available from (database title). a) An entire Web site. For details of a document within a web site see style manual. b) No author details. c) No date identified (n.d.) indicates no publication date.

Example:
a) Gibson, RK, & Ward, S 2002, Virtual campaigning: Australian parties and the impact of the Internet, Australian Journal of Political Science, vol. 37 no. 1, pp. 99-129, Catchword, viewed 10 April 2002, <http://www.catchword.com>.

World Wide Web Resources (including books, government documents, and Web sites)
a) International Narcotics Control Board 1995-2005, United Nations, Vienna, viewed 1 March 2005, <http://www.incb.org>. b) Fort Lytton. (n.d.). Yahoo health. viewed 11 January 2007, <http://www.geocities.com/TheTropics/4303/lytton.html>. c) Australian Sports Commission, (n.d.).Australian Institute of Sport, viewed 11 January 2007, <http://www.ais.org.au>.

Guides to citing information:

a) Commonwealth Author-Date Style.

Example:
a) Style manual: for authors, editors and printers, 6th edn, rev. Snooks & Co., John Wiley & Sons, [Milton, Qld].

Other Useful Sites

a) Endnote A database management package that allows you to organise your references, and create instant bibliographies. b) Electronic References and Scholarly Citation of Internet Sources this document keeps track of materials dealing with the emerging standards for electronic references and scholarly citations of Internet Sources.

Example:
a) http://www.griffith.edu.au/library/workshops-training/selfhelp-resources/endnote b) http://www.spaceless.com/WWWVL