E-commerce

By Niaz Ahmed Asad Mazhar Taha Yaseen Jawed Ali BM-25077 BM-25065 BM -25093 BM- 25053

Report: Summer 2009

Subject : Introduction to Computer and Application Course Code : CSC102 Submitted To : Mr.Hussain Khorasny

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We are gratitude to Almighty ALLAH, Who has given us strength to accomplish this task. We also extend our thanks to Mr.Hussain Khorasany (our teacher) for his guidance and continuous support and encouragement during course of Computer.

We are thankful to our teacher for giving us this opportunity to learn practical Knowledge. We are also thankful to people who cooperate with us and gave us vital information and assistance regarding this report. We hope this effort on our part will come up to your expectations.

Preface:
Evolution in computer technologies is spreading very rapidly all around the globe. To meet the rapid growing business requirements of the world, we have to be updated and innovative. All the hardware and software manufacturers are trying to produce the computer system according to the requirement of the customers. In this report we discuss some of the future technologies in brief to explain the upcoming future in Information Technology.

Contents
Acknowledgement Preface How E-commerce Started What is E commerce E commerce Functions Types of E commerce Graphical Approach Of E commerce Interpretation Objectives Plans Examples Transactions Conclusion

How E-commerce Started

As far back as the 1960s, businesses were using primitive computer networks to conduct electronic transactions. Using something called Electronic Data Interchange (EDI), a company's computer system could share business documents invoices, order forms, shipping confirmation with another company's computer. In the beginning, each company had its own standards for formatting these documents. But in 1979, the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) came up with something called ASC X12, a universal standard for sharing business documents over electronic networks. Over the past 12 years, the Internet has changed the way we buy and sell goods and services. Do you remember buying airline tickets before the Internet? Can you imagine buying a new computer or car without doing hours of Web research? And Christmas shopping? You actually had to step foot in the mall

What Is E commerce ?
Electronic commerce or e-commerce refers to a wide range of online business activitiesfor products and services. It also pertains to any form of business transaction in which the parties interact electronically rather than by physical exchanges or direct physical contact.

What Is E commerce ?
E commerce is enabling or achieving your business objectives by using information technology to enhance or transform your business processes.

E commerce Functions
You may have thought about
Shopping online Purchasing online Selling or bidding Paying bills online Banking online

E-Commerce provides these functions and many more.

Graphical Approach Of E commerce

Type of E commerce
Business to business (B2B)
automating supply increasing business efficiency

Business to Consumer (B2C)

Retail Sales Customer Support

Business to Government (B2G)

Online Auctions Consumer to Consumer (C2C)

Type of E commerce
B2B Business to Business (B2B)
e-commerce is simply defined as e-commerce between companies.B2B type of e-commerce that deals with relationships between and among businesses. About 80% of e-commerce is of this type, continue to grow faster than B2C. Automating supply Increasing business efficiency

Type of E commerce
Business to Consumer (B2C)
B2C commerce between companies and consumers involves customers gathering information; purchasing physical goods i.e. tangible such as books or consumer products or information goods. The more common application of this type of ecommerce are in the areas of purchasing products and information.

Type of E commerce
Business to Government (B2G)
B2G is generally defined as commerce companies and the public sector. between

As it relates to the licensing procedures, and other government related operations. The size of the B2G commerce is insignificant as government eprocurement systems remain undeveloped in the country.

Type of E commerce
Consumer to Consumer (C2C)
C2C is simply commerce between private individuals or consumers. This type of e-commerce is characterized by the growth of electronic marketplace and online auctions. Particularly in vertical industries where firms/businesses can bid for what they want from among multiple suppliers.

E commerce
Ecommerce is more then just an online shop selling goods. Businesses make huge savings by more efficient interaction with their suppliers or buyers. A local pharmacist orders 60% of his supplies from an overseas pharmaceutical suppliers website and saves 5% in his purchases - is this ecommerce? A remote Fiji resort attracts guests from the USA after several exchanges of email. Is this ecommerce?

E commerce Global
400 million users of Internet worldwide 2000 US online retail sales - US$30bn. 2004 US online retail sales US$6.9 trillion US Online 2008/2009. buying will reach US$6.9 trillion

electronic payment of bills and banking will cost US Postal Service $17bn over 10 years.

Interpretation ?
Consumers are willing to spend money on online transactions. Despite the recent dot.com drop in investment consumers continue to use the Internet in growing numbers. The US figures are only part of the global picture.

What is Working?
Pornography. Travel / Tourism Retail - items that dont need personal touch objectivity in product quality and performance, music, books, gifts, Computers, electronic items. Auctions Real Estate - houses and investment properties. Customer support services More efficient and effective processes between businesses (B 2 B)

Demonstrations Tourism
Tourism: www.tongaonline.com/sailingsafaris Sailing Safaris Tonga One boat operation in 1996 from small island base Competing with 2 multinational yacht companies with global marketing network Since 1997 - 80% of business from web site. This statistic 60-80% of bookings from web inquiries is common to Tourism operators in the Pacific.

Example 1 Tourism
Pacificnavigator.com - Travel Portal One stop shop for travel info and bookings. 9 Pacific Island Countries Travel Information and Bookings Sticky Items - bring people back to site o message boards for comments o News o Postcards

Example 2 Retail
Artifacts - Papua New Guinea Www.niugini.com - PNG Portal Sticky Features o Forums, News, Chat, Postcards, Info pages o Sells PNG artifacts. Transactions via email and bank transfers Great product but management and operation issues and no online transactions.

Objectives?
Why get online?
Promote awareness of your Organization Sell a product Customer support Information and contact page Networking Everyone else has a web page

Plan
What is your product?
Electronic, Services or physical Portable and inexpensive to deliver Tourism

Who is your market?

Overseas Fish buyers Upper income art collectors Budget travellers / Up market

Transactions
Getting paid online is very difficult in the Pacific. Many banks will need a large deposit or a strong relationship to allow a SME to open a merchant / credit card processing account at a bank. Alternatives include: Bank transfer / wire Credit Cards Merchant account Manual / Automated processing Third party processing paypal.com

REFERENCES
Www.niugini.com - PNG Portal Pacificnavigator.com - Travel Portal

Tourism: www.tongaonline.com/sailingsafaris

Www.eBay.com

Conclusion
Despite infrastructure limitations in the Pacific, the target market in developed countries are likely to be Internet users. If unsure, start small. An existing website helps develop your capacity to interact with customers and measure web potential. Lobby Government for effective IT Strategy that develops infrastructure and builds local capacity.