Consumer Energy Meter (CEM)

Users Manual
(Document Ver- BGX 501-147)

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Table of Contents

Foreword Concept Basic Measurement Principle General Description External Features Technical Features Energy Registers Maximum demand and MD Integration Period Maximum demand reset Maximum demand reset counter Cumulative demand register The Load Survey Data Communication Interpretations of MODBUS registers in external units Scaling information received from meter using MODBUS protocol Security Tamper & fraud detection & logging Calibration LED Scroll Locking Real Time Clock & Time Synchronization LCD Description Display Parameters Detail Installation Mounting Connections APPENDIX-A Connection Diagrams Safety Precautions Calibration of Meter Definitions Company Note

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BGX 501-147

Foreword

Foreword

Though the operation of the METER is simple, we recommend a thorough reading of this manual before you start any operation, installation, testing or use. The METER is very sturdy and will generally withstand the rough handling it will encounter in the field. However, reasonable care in handling will ensure a long trouble free service. Sufficient care has been taken to provide all information regarding the product. However Secure Meters Ltd. (SML) will not be responsible for any wrong application, misuse, wrong installation or any consequential damage.

Concept
The CEM energy meter is an all-electronic, solid state polyphase energy meter which accurately measures all parameters of the supply voltage, current, power factor, active load, reactive load, apparent load etc., in addition to active, reactive and apparent energies (As the case may be). The CEM energy meter is designed around an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) based micro-controller with its own programming language. It also has a high degree of programmability to accommodate various types of applications and tariffs. The Secure energy metering system (SEMS) provides a total solution to energy metering. It is not a meter alone, or energy billing computer but an all-encompassing system that covers all these aspects. It offers in one package a complete system for the analysis of power and revenue. From a systems perspective, there are three parts of "SEMS CONCEPT" The Consumer Energy Meter (CEM), an intelligent metering device installed at the consumer's premises / large electrical machines for metering i.e. an Electronic energy meter in place of the age old Ferraris disc meter.

The METER READING INSTRUMENT (MRI), an instrument used by the meter reader, for electronically collecting the meter readings and other performance data from the CEM. The BASE COMPUTER SYSTEM (BCS), computer system software to interpret the readings and other data received from the Meter Reading Instrument and present this vital energy/demand related information in a user-friendly format. This document restricts itself to describing the CEM, which is the Consumer Energy Meter.

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Basic Measurement Principle

An analogue to digital converter is used to sample voltage & current relative to incoming waveform. High sampling rate gives exceptionally accurate results. A very highly reliable non- volatile memory (NVM) can retain the data up to a period of 10 years even if there is no power. The data from the non-volatile memory can either be displayed on the LCD display or can be communicated via an optical communication port on to a hand-held MRI.

BGX 501-147

General Description

General Description

External Features
The front face of the projection type meter is as shown in the above figure. The different parts visible are described as under: 1. Rating Plate: This provides information on meter type, accuracy class, voltage & current ratings, serial number etc. 2. Digital Display: The meter shall use the LCD display defined as follows: Value - Seven large Seven segment characters, with decimal points and colons Text & Index - Five small twelve segment alphabetic Characters Annunciators - Twelve (12) assorted annunciators which can indicate: Direction - import, export, lag and lead Quantity - W, Wh, VAR, VARh, VA, Vah, V, A Multiplier - k, M or MK for representation of Giga

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3. Terminal Block: This is a standard terminal block compatible with conventional meter installation methods. The voltage terminals and current terminal are clearly marked and differentiated. 4. Optical port: It is used for communicating with Meter Reading Instrument (MRI) or to any other external devices like Remote Terminal Unit. 5. RH Push Button: The front face of the meter has two push buttons. The one on the right hand side is used to cycle through the display quantities in forward direction. On pressing the button, the display can be activated. While the display is activated, if the button is pressed again, the display cycles to the next quantity. 6. LH push button: This button is the left one of the two buttons on the face of the meter. This button can be used as either MD reset push button or reverse scrolling of display parameters (Factory Programmable). 7. Calibration LED: Calibration LED is used to test the meter accuracy when all the currents are flowing in one direction. For detail refer Technical features clause Calibration LED. 8. Sealing screws: Sealing screws are provided to seal the meter body. The screw has a transverse hole in its head for providing sealing with the help of wire and lead seal. 9. Terminal Block Cover: Transparent Extended Terminal Cover covers both the meter mounting screws and the leads coming into the meter. ETBC (Extended Terminal Block Cover) is installed using two sealable screws. Transparent ETBC enables easy inspection of connections to meter. 10. RS 485 port: The meter TOP hat has RS 485 port (RJ 11 connecter) for online communication over Modbus. The purpose of the PREMIER MODBUS communications protocol is to allow measured data and setup information to be efficiently transferred between a MODBUS Master Station and PREMIER. This allows interrogation of all data measured by PREMIER, which are exported via the MODBUS Slave PREMIER Module.

BGX 501-147

Technical Features

Technical Features
Energy Registers
The Meter is capable of measuring Active, Reactive, and Apparent energies.

Maximum demand and MD Integration Period

The meter is programmed for a Maximum Demand (MD) integration period of 30 minutes. The demand is monitored during each demand interval set with 30 Minutes integration and the maximum of these demands is stored as Maximum Demand. Whenever the Maximum Demand is reset, the maximum demand value so registered shall be stored along with date and time. The meter is capable of registering maximum demand with the date and time of its occurrence at BCS end. Meter can compute MD for Active and Apparent load. The Universal (0 24 Hours) Maximum Demand: A separate register shall be present to record the maximum demand for 24 hours, since last reset known as universal demand register. The TOD Maximum Demand: The meter contains provision for time of day (TOD) demand computation whereby the user can define up to 8 time zones in 24 hours cycle to cover morning and evening peak and OFF peak periods separately. The timings of these TOD registers are configurable through Tariff Change Transaction with the help of MRI. Time Of Day Tariff Energy Registers. The meter contains provision for multiple tariffs metering (time of day metering). The meter is capable of being set into a maximum of eight non-overlapping time zones in 24-hour cycle to cover morning and evening peak and OFF peak periods separately. Presently meter has been programmed for five time zones. The timings of these rate registers are configurable through Tariff Change Transaction with the help of MRI.

Maximum demand reset

Maximum Demand can be reset by one of the following mechanisms. The supplied meter may have one or more options given below1. Manually by operation of a button with a sealing arrangement. 2. Through Meter Reading Instrument in the form of an authenticated command. 3. Automatically at the end of certain period defined as Bill Dates in the Meter.

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Maximum demand reset counter

Whenever the maximum demand is reset, this counter is incremented by one and MD reset counter is maintained by meter to keep track of MD reset operations.

Cumulative demand register

Cumulative demand (CMD) is the sum of all the 0-24 hrs maximum demand which have been reset so far. This register along with MD reset counter helps in detecting any unauthorised MD Reset performed.

The Load Survey

Load survey is a database of load values during predefined interval of time. Load survey contains database for different types of parameters for predefined number of days & number of parameters as per CEM configured at the time of manufacturing based on customer requirement. Load survey configured in meter for main energies and instantaneous parameter with 30 minutes integration period. The data can be read by MRI and dumped on the Base Computer Software. This can be viewed in the graphical form and these data can also be converted to a spreadsheet with the help of BCS.

Data Communication
The meter has an infra-red coupled isolated serial interface. Physical arrangement is such that it ensures positive alignment of opto devices and it can be sealed independently to prevent any unauthorised communication. The meter communicates with the Meter Reading Instrument (MRI). By this facility user can take reading of metering data, load survey and tamper events. Also, if authorised from BCS, MD can be reset, tariff and billing dates in meter can be changed. For detailed operations of MRI, please refer the MRI manual. The meter has additional communication port in the top hat i.e. RS 485 port (RJ 11 connecter) which communicates over Modbus. The purpose of MODBUS communication protocol is to get meter information, instantaneous parameters, and cumulative energies over serial communication and it is also an open communication protocol.

BGX 501-147

Technical Features

The Meter ID and its baud rate are set to 1 and 4800 bps respectively by default. They can be displayed on the meter and also can be read through query. If user wants to configure / change the meter MODBUS ID on MODBUS network then it may changed by following command on PACT port. 1. User may change meter ID from 1 to 247 Number. Say wish to keep the meter ID no 2 or 22 or 222 then user need to give iD=2<CR>, iD=22<CR>, iD=222<CR> respectively. Meter will reply &FC for correct query and echo back for not accepting. By default ID is 1. 2. Similarly, User may change MODBUS baud rate BR from 1200 or 2400 or 4800 or 9600 or 19200. Say wish to keep the meter BR at 1200 or 2400 or 4800 or 9600 or 19200 then user need to give bR=2 or 7<CR>, bR=3<CR>, bR=4<CR>, bR=5<CR>, bR=6<CR>, respectively. Here bR=2 and 7 are same for 1200 baud. Meter will reply &FC for correct query and echo back for not accepting. By default BR=4 at @4800. NOTE: The above settings can be done in meter through term mode by MRI or Base Computer Software. Interpretations of MODBUS registers in external units PREMIER doesnt measure smaller quantities of voltage, current and power, which it needs to interpret as the large quantities in the circuit. Commissioning sets up PREMIER so that it interprets the values it measures as the values in the circuit. Following calculations are required to get data in external unit. Different values of MF High (Meter Factor) and their resolutions are as follows Meter Factor MF (High) 2D 2E 2F 30 31 32 33 34 35 Energy Multiplier 1 Wh 0.01 kWh 0.1 kWh 1 kWh 0.01 MWh 0.1 MWh 1 MWh 0.01 GWh 0.01 GWh

NOTE: All values send by PREMIER in MODBUS registers are in hexadecimal. Exponents and Divisors are occupies one nibble i.e. four bits. All the exponents are signed, 2s complement values. All divisors are unsigned values.

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Scaling information received from meter using MODBUS protocol VX VX in IX IX PX PX MF (Low) Voltage scaling (Exponent) (High) Voltage scaling (Exponent) in the MS nibble & DI the LS nibble (High) Current scaling (Exponent) (Low) Current scaling (Divisor) (High) Power scaling (Exponent) (Low) Power scaling (Divisor) (High) Energy multiplier (Exponent)

Example If PREMIER is commissioned at 11KV/110V and 100Amp/5Amp then the above factor send by PREMIER will be as follows: VX (High) = 0F = -1; DI =2; IX (High) = 0F = -1; IX (Low) = 05 = 5; PX (High) = 01 = 1; PX (Low) = 05 = 5; MF (High) = 30 = 0, MF (Low) = 10 Derive following factor from above information IFAC = IX (High) = -1 PFAC = MF (High) + 1 = 0+ 1 = 1 If DI = 10 then PFAC = PFAC-1 VFAC = PFAC IFAC = 1 (-1) = 2 Meter information Meter Serial Number Meter Serial number SrN and SfN will be in ASCII HEX (8 bytes) Example VALUE RETURNED 50 52 49 30 39 31 35 31 WILL BE INTERPRETED AS PRI39151 Meter Software Name Meter software name will be in ASCII HEX (1+7 bytes) Example Value returned 01 41 33 30 41 47 30 31 will be interpreted as 1st byte will be reading type which is 01 and remaining 7 will be A30AG01. Meter Real Time Real time will be in unit of seconds since 1 JAN 1988 00:00:00 Hr. this will be treated as zero. Example Value returned 19 38 CF C5 will be interpreted as 14:42:04 hr of 29th May 2001 Firmware Name Interpretation: Firmware name will be in ASCII HEX (1+7 bytes) Example Value returned 50 52 45 30 30 30 30 31 will be interpreted as PRE0001. Protocol Version and Revision: Value returned 03 00 will be interpreted as Version 03 and Revision 00.

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Technical Features

Instantaneous Parameters VOLTAGE VALUE = RECEIVED VALUE*10^ (VFAC-3) VOLTS Example: If Value received from MODBUS registers are 0001B90C. It will interpret as follows: Voltage value = (01B90C) * 10^ (2 3) = 11290.8 Volts = 11.2908 kilo Volts. Line Current CURRENT VALUE = ((RECEIVED VALUE/IX LOW)*10^ (IFAC-3)) AMPS Example: If Value received from MODBUS registers are 0002952E. It will interpret as follows: CURRENT VALUE = ((02952E/5)*10^ (-1-3)) = ((169262/5)*10^ (-4)) = 3.38524 AMPS Instantaneous Power value Power value = ((Received value/PX low)*10^ (PFAC-1)) Watts, Example: If Value received from MODBUS registers are 00046E84. It will interpreted as follows Power value = ((046E84/5)*10^ (1-1) = ((290436/5)*1) = 58087.2 = 58.0872 kWatts. Power factor Power factor value verification = (Value)/1000 Example: Value received from MODBUS register is FC8C which will be -0.883. If power factor is leading then received values will be 2s complement as illustrated in above example. Phase angles Phase Angle Value = ((Value * 360) / 65535) Example: Value received from MODBUS register is D543h= 54595d. It will be interpreted as: Phase Angle Value = ((54595 * 360) / 65535) = 299.9 DEGREE. Frequency Supply Frequency = (Value / 1000) Example: Value received from MODBUS register is C49C which will be 50.332 Hz. Baudrate BR (baudrate) 2,3,4,5 and 6 2 3 4 5 6 for for for for for 1200 baudrate 2400 baudrate 4800 baudrate 9600 baudrate* 19200 baudrate*

* Only if meter supports the baud rate.

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Energy values Energy value = (Received value * Meter Factor) Example: Value received from MODBUS register is 0000 0058h = 88d and MF (High) = 30, from MF (high) table multiplier of energy will be 1 kWh. This will give energy value = 88 kWh.

Security
An essential requirement of any equipment handling financial transactions is security. Several security methods are incorporated to prevent unauthorised access to the meter. When the meter is security locked, it allows readings to be taken and load surveys to be gathered but no changes can be made which could affect the metering functions. The security system virtually eliminates any fraud or tamper attempts on the meter.

Tamper & fraud detection & logging

The special software in consumer energy meter detects & reports conditions of tampers and fraud like missing potential, CT polarity reversal, current missing, power on/off etc. along with date and time. a) Missing Potential: The meter is capable of recording occurrences of missing potential phase wise. Missing potential is checked only when load is above threshold value. Tamper is restored whenever the condition normalises. All such recordings are accompanied by date and time of occurrence. b) Missing Current: The meter is capable of recording occurrences of missing current phase wise. Missing current is checked only when phase voltage is present and phase current is less than defined threshold value. Tamper is restored whenever the condition normalises. c) Current Circuit Open: The meter has the capability to record opening of one or two Current circuits connected to the meter along with date and time. (It is applicable for 3 phase 4 wire meters only). d) Current Circuit bypassing: The meter has the capability to record bypassing of one or two Current circuits connected to the meter along with date and time. (It is applicable for 3 phase 4 wire meters only). e) Current Unbalance: If there is unbalance in load conditions above a particular threshold limit, meter will detect this condition as Current unbalance and log this as a tamper event. f) Power On/Off: Meter detects this condition when all the voltages goes below a particular level where meter stop functioning.

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Technical Features

g) Magnetic Influence: The Meter has the capability of detecting and recording of presence of abnormal magnetic influence near the meter, if the magnetic influence affects the meter functionality. h) Voltage unbalance: If there is unbalance in voltage conditions above a particular threshold limit, meter will detect this condition as Voltage unbalance and log this as a tamper event. i) Neutral Disturbance: Meter will detect neutral disturbance if any spurious signal is applied at the meters neutral. All the events log has been divided into different compartments. The tamper information shall be logged on first-in-first-out basis. Each compartment shall in itself be of rollover type. Note: The meter works accurately irrespective of phase sequence of the supply

Calibration LED
It shall be possible to configure the meteorological output (LED) between main energy registers (i.e. active/reactive/apparent). This shall be done with display scroll down/up push button. On power up, the meteorological output shall be for active energy. The push button press changes the meteorological output to the current unit register being displayed. The meteorological output shall then remain for the last current energy register displayed by the push button. The auto display does not affect the meteorological output.

Scroll Locking
CEM has the facility to continuous display of desired parameter, which is available in the Push Button Display Sequence to facilitate meter reading for particular parameter. Following procedure should be adopted to scroll lock a parameter: 1. With the RH button, select the desired parameter from push button mode, which is to be locked continuously for display. 2. Now press the RH button again and without releasing it hold it pressed for another five seconds on the desired parameter to be logged, as the button is pressed on desired parameter the display will go on to the next display, as soon as the long push is over display will jump back to previous parameter giving indication that parameter has been locked. 3. Under lock mode no Auto display sequence will be running, but the manual displays will be enabled. Under lock mode even in the case of power Interruption, display will come to the locked parameter after power up..
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4. For releasing the lock press the same button for long push on any parameter till the LCD test (first parameter defined in manual display sequence) comes on display, this will indicate that lock has been released and the normal displays will be running now.

Real Time Clock & Time Synchronization LCD Description

The clock enables the meter to keep track of real time and calendar as features like TOD energy, TOD MD, and event log are done on real time basis. The unavoidable drift in RTC time is automatically taken care of whenever the meter is read by MRI provided the drift falls with in prescribed limits.

This section is provides you detail understanding of display scheme used on LCD of meter. The LCD can be divided in five major sections, which are used for indicating different information about the meter. Following figure shows various sections and their significance. Detail of these is as follows:

Shows value of parameter and other details with seven segment seven digit 7 x 7-Segment Display

Shows display legends & parameter index and other details with five alphanumeric characters 5 x 13-Segment Display

Status Indicator for Import, Export, Lag and Lead respectively

Phase Status Indicator

Unit Indicator Shows unit of displayed parameter with combinations of M, K, V, V, A, r & h

Seven Segment Seven digit Display: This section consists of seven characters of seven-segment display. In general, it is used for value/information of display parameters. Annunciations: This section is made of five twelve segment characters. This section displays the parameter legends analogues to the parameter available on the meter display and parameter index. Direction Indicator: This section indicates direction of flow of energy import or export as well as lagging or leading status as per the associated parameter available on the meter display.

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Display Parameters Detail

Phase Status Indicator: 1, 2 and 3 represent R, Y and B phase voltage fed to the respective meter terminal. These indicators will show the healthiness of phase voltages. There are three different states of each indicator: ON, OFF and Blinking. Each of this states of a digit is used to represent different condition of corresponding phase which are as follows: ON: Voltage condition of the corresponding phase is healthy or voltage above the define limit. Voltage condition of the corresponding phase is unhealthy or voltage below the define limit. Any abnormal electrical condition persists in the meter. It may be the possibility that voltage angle of the meter is not valid, current is below defining limit or current reversal is persists in the meter. Under this condition, review the meter connection and make the correct connection in the meter. Connection check display is available in the meter display to know actual indicators status with details. Indicators will resume to normal mode if all condition are OK.

OFF:

Blinking:

Display Parameters Detail

We are furnishing here the ANNEXURE with the details pertaining to the display parameters supported in CEM in auto display as well as push button mode. Please refer ANNEXURE at last in manual for display details. Note: For connections, please refer to relevant connection diagrams in Appendix-A.

Installation

Mounting
The meter has two mounting holes each 5.5 mm diameter in the terminal block and one key slot on the back side of cover. These holes are to be drilled in the panel as shown in the figure. Make a M4 size tapping on the top hole and fix one screw of M4 size keeping it out about 5 mm. The meter is first supported on the screw by the key hole then it is mounted using two screws and nuts each of M4 size on the panel. Then tighten the nuts from the backside of panel. Necessary mounting kit is provided with the meter.

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Dimensions and Mounting details (All dimensions are in mm.)

Connections
Making connections to CEM is very simple and similar to electromechanical meters. On removal of terminal block cover, you get easy access to terminals. Wires shall be crimped on to lugs & inserted into terminal block from bottom entry. Ensure that all wires are firmly secured by two terminal screws on terminals. The connections shall be made as per the connection diagrams shown in Appendix-A depending on meter type. A suitable connection diagram label is also fixed on inside of terminal block cover. A changed phase sequence would not affect the functioning of meter. After powering up the meter display can be checked in the sequence as described earlier. The meter display goes off during a power cut but the energy readings are stored in the registers of the Non Volatile Memory. The readings can be retrieved after power is restored.

WARNING:

Proper voltages and currents to the meter as per the rating plate details of meter are to be given for normal operation.

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APPENDIX-A

APPENDIX-A
Connection Diagrams
A) E3V TYPE METER:

Figure 1: Connection diagram of CT/PT Operated HT (3P3W) Meter (E3V) B) E3M TYPE METER.

Figure 2: Connection Diagram of CT/PT operated HT (3P4W) Meter (E3M)

Figure 3: Connection diagram showing HT 3P 4W system used as 3P 3W system

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C) E3T TYPE METER:

Figure 4: Connection diagram of the Meter With fourth CT in Neutral Fourth CT connection should be made as shown in figure 2. Note if 4th CT connection is not connected false CT open/Bypass tamper will be detected by the meter.

Figure 5: Connection diagram of the Meter without neutral CT

Safety Precautions

The meter should be installed by trained personnel. Special care should be taken while making CT connection, it is recommended that CT connection's should be made when load is off, however if it is connected on load then CT secondary should be shorted on TTB terminal and in no case it should be kept open circuited. In addition safety precautions recommended for installation of electrical equipment should be strictly adhered to.

Calibration of Meter

All meters are calibrated at the factory with the help of reference source which have trace ability to National Physical Laboratories (NPL), New Delhi. The standards and equipment available at SML come from reputed manufacturers who themselves maintain tractability to International standardisation agencies. The certified accuracy of our meters dispatched from factory are sustained without any drift from the accuracy class over a long period and do not require rectification

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Definitions

Definitions

Active energy: Real energy converted in to usable form.

consumed

by

load,

which

is

Reactive energy: Fictitious energy, which is not really consumed but is a part of the energy that keeps flowing back and forth between storage elements. Apparent energy: For a given voltage and current amplitudes, maximum power is drawn at Cos = 1, known as apparent power and correspondingly apparent energy. Import: To take energy from the system. Export: To supply energy to the system Forwarded energy: Energy will increment in forward direction irrespective of any CT reversal. It is the absolute sum of all the three-phase energy. Net Energy: It is the algebraic sum of all the individual phase energy. E.g. if R-phase Y-phase B-phase Net Energy Forwarded Energy energy energy energy 1 1 1 3 3 -1 1 1 1 3 -1 -1 1 -1 3 -1 -1 -1 -3 3 three

Integration period: Instantaneous demand is averaged over certain time period to get a better idea of the true load conditions. This time period is known as integration period. Maximum demand: Maximum of average demands drawn during a given period. Billing period: The time frame between two successive maximum demand resets. Time Of Day metering: to divide a certain period of time into time slots with tariff rates arranged in such a way so as to encourage the consumer of higher demand to reduce consumption during high demand hours and shift it to lower demand ones. Optical head: Interface between a standard RS 232C PC port and meters optical interface. MRI (Meter Reading Instrument): A device used for communication with the meter.

Company Note

While every effort has been made in the development of CEM and its associated documentation, there is every chance that errors may have crept in. Secure Meters undertakes to repair and correct any errors and requests the users to provide Feed back.

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Secure Meters Limited

P.B. No. 30, E Class Industrial Area Pratap Nagar, UDAIPUR - 313003, INDIA Phone: ++91-294-2492300 to 2492304 Fax: ++91-294-2492310 Email: mktg@securemeters.com

Premier Modbus Manual: Copyright @ Secure Meters Ltd. 2004-2006 This manual is a copyright with all rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior written permission of the copyright owner; the same proprietary and copyright must be affixed to any permitted copies as were affixed to the original. The results generated by Premier Modbus are not subject to copyright, and there is no restriction placed on their use by the original purchaser. No warranties are expressed or implied with respect to the Premier Modbus described, its quality, performance, or suitability for any purpose. In no circumstance will the copyright holder or his agents be liable for direct, indirect, incidental or consequential damages resulting from the use of Premier Modbus. No statements contained in this package shall affect the statutory rights of consumers.