Nps 83 D8

PC Maintenance and A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC Basic Troubleshooting
Fifth Edition
Chapter 1
Introducing Hardware
You Will Learn

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That a computer requires both hardware and software to work About the many different hardware components inside and connected to a computer
A+ Guide SSC-INHS 2007 and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition LCS, to Managing
Hardware Needs Software to Work

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Hardware
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Physical components of a computer Visible part of a system
Software
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Set of instructions that directs hardware to accomplish a task The intelligence

3
Functions of a Computer
Binary Communication Between Hardware and Software
Binary Number System
PC Hardware Components
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Outside computer case: input/output devices Inside the case: processing and storage
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CPU most important component
Requirements of a hardware device

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Method for CPU to communicate with it Software to instruct and control it Electricity to power it
7
Hardware Used for Input and Output

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Connects to computer case by ports (eg, serial, parallel, USB, game, keyboard, mouse) Popular input devices:
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Keyboard Mouse Monitor Printer

8
Popular output devices:

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Ports
Input Devices
10
Output Devices
11
Hardware Inside the Case
12
Motherboard Components
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Processing
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CPU (most important) Chip set RAM Cache memory Power supply connections
Communication with other devices

u u u
Temporary storage
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Traces Expansion slots System clock Flash ROM CMOS setup chip
Programming/setup data
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Electrical system
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13
The Motherboard
14
The Motherboard (continued)
15
The CPU
16
The Chip Set

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Controls most activities on the motherboard Includes several device controllers

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USB controller Memory controller IDE controller

17
The Chip Set (continued)
18
Storage Devices
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Temporary (primary storage, or memory)

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Temporarily holds data and instructions while processing them Faster to access than permanent storage
Permanent (secondary storage)

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Data and instructions must be copied into primary storage (RAM) for processing
19
Primary and Secondary Storage
20
10
Primary Storage Devices

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Memory, or RAM, located on motherboard and other circuit boards

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Volatile versus nonvolatile (or ROM) memory
Types of boards that hold memory chips

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SIMMs DIMMs RIMMs

21
RAM Chips
22
11
Types of RAM Modules
23
Secondary Storage Devices

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Hard drives CD-ROM drives DVD drives Zip drives Floppy drives
24
12
Hard Drive
25
EIDE Technology
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Used by most hard drives, CD-ROM drives, and DVD drives Can accommodate up to four EIDE devices on one system
26
13
IDE Connectors on a Motherboard
27
IDE Connectors on a Motherboard (continued)
28
14
IDE Connectors on a Motherboard
29
Hard Drives Power Supply
30
15
Floppy Drive Connection
31
Floppy Drive Connection (continued)
32
16
CD-ROM Drive Connection
33
Motherboard Components Used for Communication Among Devices

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The data bus

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System of pathways used for communication and the protocol and methods used for transmission
34
17
The Bus and Bus Lines
35
Data Bus
36
18
System Clock
37
Clock Speed
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Of motherboard
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Measured in megahertz (MHz)
Of CPU
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Measured in gigahertz (GHz)
38
19
Expansion Slots
39
Types of Expansion Slots
40
20
Interface (Expansion) Cards
41
Interface (Expansion) Cards (continued)
42
21
The Electrical System

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Power supply
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Most important component of computers electrical system Converts/reduces electricity to voltage the computer can handle Runs a fan directly from electrical output voltage to cool inside of computer case
43
The Electrical System (continued)
44
22
The Electrical System (continued)
45
Instructions Stored on the Motherboard

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ROM BIOS (most are flash ROM)

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System BIOS Startup BIOS CMOS setup
Motherboard BIOS supports ACPI, APM, and Plug and Play technologies
46
23
ROM BIOS Chip
47
Motherboard Configuration Settings

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CMOS chip
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Stores setup (configuration) information Powered by a battery on motherboard when power is off
Setup information can also be set by jumpers and DIP switches

48
24
CMOS Configuration Chip
49
Setting Jumpers
50
25
Using DIP Switches
51
26

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PC Maintenance and A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC Basic Troubleshooting

You Will Learn

Hardware Needs Software to Work

Physical components of a computer Visible part of a system

Set of instructions that directs hardware to accomplish a task The intelligence

Binary Communication Between Hardware and Software

Binary Number System

CPU most important component

Requirements of a hardware device

Hardware Used for Input and Output

Keyboard Mouse Monitor Printer

Popular output devices:

Hardware Inside the Case

Communication with other devices

The Motherboard (continued)

The Chip Set

Controls most activities on the motherboard Includes several device controllers

USB controller Memory controller IDE controller

The Chip Set (continued)

Temporary (primary storage, or memory)

Permanent (secondary storage)

Primary and Secondary Storage

Primary Storage Devices

Memory, or RAM, located on motherboard and other circuit boards

Volatile versus nonvolatile (or ROM) memory

Types of boards that hold memory chips

SIMMs DIMMs RIMMs

Types of RAM Modules

Secondary Storage Devices

IDE Connectors on a Motherboard

IDE Connectors on a Motherboard (continued)

IDE Connectors on a Motherboard

Hard Drives Power Supply

Floppy Drive Connection

Floppy Drive Connection (continued)

CD-ROM Drive Connection

Motherboard Components Used for Communication Among Devices

The data bus

The Bus and Bus Lines

Measured in megahertz (MHz)

Measured in gigahertz (GHz)

Types of Expansion Slots

Interface (Expansion) Cards

Interface (Expansion) Cards (continued)

The Electrical System

The Electrical System (continued)

The Electrical System (continued)

Instructions Stored on the Motherboard

ROM BIOS (most are flash ROM)

System BIOS Startup BIOS CMOS setup

ROM BIOS Chip

Motherboard Configuration Settings

Setup information can also be set by jumpers and DIP switches

CMOS Configuration Chip

Using DIP Switches

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