Bisalloy Design Examples

Design Examples

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Bisalloy Design Examples

DESIGN EXAMPLES The following five structural design examples demonstrate the significant savings which can be achieved in the areas of weight and cost by using Grade 690 MPa Bisplate 80 steel instead of the more commonly used lower grade structural steels. These examples primarily compare Bisplate 80 to Grade 300 Plus Steel which is currently the most commonly used structural steel in Australia. Comparison with other steels are noted where appropriate. The design examples are as follows: Heavily Loaded Column Heavily Loaded Beam - I section Heavily Loaded Beam - Box section Heavily Loaded Truss 70 MI Water tank

Where appropriate, these examples have been simplified as much as possible in order to facilitate ease of comparison between the different steels. Each example contains a brief explanation of the structural element and the loading applied. Also provided are some typical examples of applications in which the structural element may be utilised. DESIGN CODES RELATING TO THE USE OF HIGH STRENGTH QUENCHED AND TEMPERED PLATE MEMBERS IN STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS. There is currently no Australian Standard covering the design of structural elements utilising high strength quenched and tempered steels. The SAA Steel Structures Code, AS 4100-1990, may be used for the design of structures in steel grades up to 450 MPa, beyond which the general provisions of the code are not applicable. AS4100 does not exclude the use of structural steels in excess of 450 MPa yield stress. However, in order to adequately design and demonstrate the validity of a design in such steels, it is necessary to engage an appropriate international standard which has been specifically developed to cater for the use of high strength steels. One such code, and the most commonly used in Australia for design in high strength steels is the American Institute of Steel Constructions (AISC) Specification For Structural Steel Buildings - Allowable Stress Design and Plastic Design, June 1, 1989. This code has been proven to provide relatively simple and efficient methods of structural design for all types of structural elements, and has been used in the development of each of the design examples contained within this publication. A limit state version of the AISC specification is also available, and should be equally effective in the design of High Strength Steel structures. It should also be noted that Bisplate 80 steel, at 690 MPa yield stress, is right on the upper limit of 100 ksi yield stress steel covered by the AISC specification. Above this yield stress the AISC specification is not applicable.

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EXAMPLE 1 HEAVILY LOADED COLUMN Consider a braced column, 10m high, loaded axially with an 11,000 KN factored live load (Fig. 1). Some examples of practical applications where such a column may be required are as follows: In multi-storey construction Heavy industrial structures Storage silos/Hopper supports

Structural column design was carried out for Grade 300 MPa steel using AS4100-1990. C Corresponding design was carried out for Grade 690 MPa Bisplate 80 Steel using the AISC specification. The results of each design are summarised in Table 1. Representative calculations are provided on following pages.
STEEL GRADE MPa 300 690 SECTION 500WC383 tf = 20 d1 = 400 tw = 16 bf = 500 WEIGHT Kg/m 383 207

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COLUM DESIGN USING GRADE 300 STEEL
Design in accordance with AS4100 1900. Fig 3

COLUMN DESIGN USING GRADE 690 MPA YIELD STRENGTH BISPLATE 80

Design in accordance with American Institute of Steel Construction Specification for Structural Steel Buildings - 1989.

Ag = 48,800 mm2 Ix = 1,890 x 106mm4 Iy = 751 x 106mm4 rx = 197mm ry = 124mm fy = 280 MPa

Ag = 26,400 mm2 = An = Ae Iy = 416.8 x 106mm4 Ry = Iy A = 125.7mm fy = 690 MPa = 100 Ksi

500WC383 AS4100 Reference

6.2.1

Section Capacity NS = KfAnfy An=Ag=Ae Kf = 1.0 Ns = 13664 KN Ns = 12,298 KN > N* Member Capacity Nc = c Ns N

AISC Spec. Reference

Design Load = 11,000 1.5

= 7,333 KN

fa = 7,333 = 277.78 MPa

Ag

OK
B5 Table B5.1

Fa = 40.29 ksi Check Local Buckling Flanges : 95 = 95 = 9.5 < b = 12.1 Fy 100 t Kc 1.0 Slender Element
Table B5.1

6.3.3

c = {[1-[1-(90/) ]} = 0.8945 Nc = 12,222 KN Nc = 11,000 KN N* OK Nominal Mass of Column = 383 kg/m

Web:

253 = 253 = 25.3 > b = 25.0 Fy 100 t

Non-Compact Element Slender elements involved Design by Appendix B

App. B B5a

Stress Reduction Factor for Flange, Qs = 1.293 0.00309 b Fy = 0.907 t Kc Stress Reduction Factor for Web, Qa = 1.0 Member stress reduction factor, Q = QsQa = 0.907

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COLUMN DESIGN USING GRADE 690 MPA YIELD STRENGTH BISPLATE 80 (CONTINUED)

AISC Spec. Reference B5c

Allowable Stress, Fa C1c = 79.44 > kl r kl 2 r Q Fa = 12Cc,2

3

Fy kl r
3

Eq A-B5-11

5 3+

kl r 8Cc

8Cc3 OK

Fa = 43.13 ksi > fa

Nominal mass of Column = 208 kg/m

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EXAMPLE 2 HEAVILY LOADED BEAM (I SECTION) Consider a beam with full lateral restraint spanning 10m, loaded continuously with a live load of 470 KN/m (factored) as shown in Fig.5. Practical applications where such a beam may required are: In multi-storey construction Heavy industrial structures Roof support in underground mining

Structural beam design was carried out for Grade 300 MPa steel using AS4100-1990. Corresponding design was carried out for Grade 690 MPa Bisplate 80 steel using the AISC specification. The results of each design are summarised in Table 2. Representative calculations are provided on the following pages.

STEEL GRADE MPa 300 690

SECTION 1200WB392 tf = 25 d1 = 850 tw = 12 bf = 450

WEIGHT Kg/m 392 256

Note that a significant reduction in the depth of the beam was achieved through the use of Bisplate 80, in addition to the weight waving, while still satisfying the permissible deflection requirements. This is of great importance in underground mining and multi-storey construction applications, where head room is at a premium.

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BEAM DESIGN USING GRADE 300 STEEL
Design in accordance with AS4100 1990.

BEAM DESIGN USING GRADE 690 MPA YIELD STRENGTH BISPLATE 80

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EXAMPLE 3 HEAVILY LOADED BEAM (BOX SECTION) Consider a beam with full lateral restraint spanning 10m, loaded continuously with a live load of 470 KN/m (factored) as shown in Fig 9.

Practical applications are : Heavy industrial structures Roof support in mining A box section is effective in long spans where additional lateral restraint is required within the beam section to compensate for a lack of external restraints. A common application of a box section fabricated from high strength Q & T steel in which the load configuration varies significantly from that described above, is in the lifting booms of mobile cranes. Structural beam design was carried out for both Grade 250 MPa steel and Grade 690 MPa Bisplate 80 steel using the AISC specification. The results of each design are summarised in Table 3. Representative calculations are provided on the following pages. Table 3:
STEEL GRADE MPa 250 690 SECTION tf = 40 d1 = 1120 tw = 10 bf = 500 tf = 25 d1 = 850 tw = 8 bf = 450 WEIGHT Kg/m 490 284

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BOX SECTION BEAM DESIGN USING GRADE 250 MPA ASTM A36 In accordance with AISC Spec. BOX SECTION BEAM DESIGN USING GRADE 690 MPA BISPLATE 80 In accordance with AISC Spec.

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EXAMPLE 4 HEAVILY LOADED TRUSS Consider a heavily loaded truss spanning 40m. Some examples of practical applications where such a truss may be required include : Underground construction supporting a trafficable roof (e.g. a hydro-electric power station). Multi-storey construction supporting several floors.

In this example the following loading parameters have been considered. Truss spacing 10m Live Load 3 KPa Dead Load 1 KPa Occasional Load 20 KN mid span The resulting load configuration is illustrated in Fig.13.

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Structural member design was carried out for Grade 300 and 350 MPa steels using AS4100 1990. Corresponding design was carried out for Grade 690 Bisplate 80 steel using the American Institute of Steel Construction Specification for Structural Steel Buildings. Results are summarised in Tables 4 and 5. TRUSS DESIGN SUMMARY Grade 300 & 350 MPa AS4100 1990
Table 4:
MEMBER Top Cord Bottom Cord Webs SECTION 310 UC 137 310 UC 96.8 250 UC89.5 * (250 x 250 x 6 SHS) kg/m 137 96.8 89.5 (45) TOTAL LENGTH m 40 40 87.3 (87.3) Total Weight = TOTAL WEIGHT TONNES 5.480 3.872 7.814 (3.929) 17.166 (13.281)

*Figures in brackets correspond to the use of Grade 350 square Hollow Sections as web members. All other members are Grade 300.

Grade 690 Bisplate 80 AISC Spec.

Table 5:
MEMBER Top Cord Bottom Cord Webs SECTION kg/m 55 58 43 TOTAL LENGTH m 40 40 87.3 TOTAL WEIGHT TONNES 2.200 2.320 3.754

tf = 10 tw = 8 tf = 10 tw = 10 tf = 8 tw = 6

d1 = 212 bf = 256 d1 = 212 bf = 260 d1 = 225 bf = 256

Total Weight =

8.274

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EXAMPLE 5 REVISED DESIGN FOR A LARGE WATER STORAGE TANK A water storage tank was originally designed in AS3678-1990 Grade 250 and 350 steel plate to the following parameters: Height = 14.25m Diameter = 83.8m Capacity = 70 MI The stress calculations for the original design are as shown in Table 6.
Table 6::
DEPTH (m) PRESSURE (KPa) 28.5 57.0 85.5 114.0 142.5 HOOP TENSION (KN/m) 1194 2388 3582 4777 5971 PLATE YIELD STRENGTH (MPa) 250 250 250 350 350 PLATE THICKNESS (mm) 10 20 25 28 36 STRESS (MPa) 119 119 143 171 166

2.85 5.70 8.55 11.40 14.25

A revised design incorporating 690 MPa yield strength Q & T steel plates in the lower two sections produced the following set of values, shown in Table 7.
Table 7:
DEPTH (m) PRESSURE (KPa) 28.5 57.0 85.5 114.0 142.5 HOOP TENSION (KN/m) 1194 2388 3582 4777 5971 PLATE YIELD STRENGTH (MPa) 250 250 250 690 690 PLATE THICKNESS (mm) 10 20 20 20 20 STRESS (MPa) 119 119 179 239 298

2.85 5.70 8.55 11.40 14.25

As shown in Fig. 15, this revised design resulting in a saving of 25% in the mass of steelwork in the walls of the tank.

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Please Note: Every care has been taken to ensure the accuracy of the design examples, however, the information is provided as a guide only. A structural engineer should be consulted with respect to use for specific projects. Bisalloy does not warrant the suitability of the design examples for a particular purpose. The purchaser relies on its own skill and judgement as to the suitability of Bisalloy 80 (Bisplate 80) for its purpose. Bisalloy Steels shall not be liable for any loss or damage howsoever caused arising from the application of such information.

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