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Shared LAN

A typical LAN configuration is configured according to the physical


infrastructure it is connecting. Users are grouped based on their
location in relation to the hub they are plugged into and how the cable
is run to the wiring closet. Segmentation is typically provided by the
router interconnecting each shared hub.

This type of segmentation does not group users according to their


workgroup association or need for bandwidth. Engineering users can
be plugged into the same hub as accounting and administration users
because of their respective physical locations. They share the same
segment and contend for the same bandwidth, although the bandwidth
requirements may vary greatly according to workgroup or department.

Additionally, this segmentation requires that each hub connected to a


router port have a unique subnet address. This prevents a logical
assignment of network addresses across the network campus resulting
in security issues.

Shared LAN

Shared VLAN

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VLANs provide an effective mechanism to control these changes and
reduce much of the cost of hub and router reconfiguration. VLAN users
can share the same network address space regardless of location. If a
group of VLAN users move but remain in the same VLAN connected to
a switch port, their network address does not change.

VLANs provide an effective mechanism to control these changes and


reduce much of the cost of hub and router reconfiguration. VLAN users
can share the same network address space regardless of location. If a
group of VLAN users move but remain in the same VLAN connected to
a switch port, their network address does not change.

Shared VLAN

Shared Token Ring

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Shared Internet connectivity makes strong business sense. It is more
efficient, easier to manage and much less expensive than providing
each user with a separate modem, phone line and Internet account.
Moreover, if you select an Internet access solution that supports NAT
(Network Address Translation), you can provide your entire office with
Internet access using a single ISP (Internet service provider) account.
Every employee will have Internet access, but the ISP will “see” your
entire office as only one person. As a result, you save money by
avoiding ISP accounts for each employee and new users have Internet
access with no additional cost when they attach to the LAN.

Shared Token Ring

Shared Internet

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Shared Internet connectivity makes strong business sense. It is more
efficient, easier to manage and much less expensive than providing
each user with a separate modem, phone line and Internet account.
Moreover, if you select an Internet access solution that supports NAT
(Network Address Translation), you can provide your entire office with
Internet access using a single ISP (Internet service provider) account.
Every employee will have Internet access, but the ISP will “see” your
entire office as only one person. As a result, you save money by
avoiding ISP accounts for each employee and new users have Internet
access with no additional cost when they attach to the LAN.

Shared Internet

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Shared Ethernet

In the old days, Ethernet networks were shared networks, using shared
media or hubs to connect the Ethernet nodes together, meaning all
packets could be received by all nodes on that network. Therefore, if
an Ethernet adapter on such a network is put into promiscuous mode,
all packets on the network will be seen by that adapter and thus can
be captured with that adapter.

Shared Ethernet

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ATM Switch

Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) switches provide high-speed


switching and scalable bandwidths in the workgroup, the enterprise
network backbone, and the wide area. ATM switches support voice,
video, and data applications, and are designed to switch fixed-size
information units called cells, which are used in ATM communications.
ATM provides scalable bandwidth that spans both LANs and WANs. It
also promises Quality of Service (QoS) guarantees—bandwidth on
demand—that can map into and support higher-level protocol
infrastructures for emerging multimedia applications and provide a
common, multiservice network infrastructure.

Multi-LAN Networks Can Use an ATM-Based Backbone When Switching


Cells

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LAN Switch

LAN switches are used to interconnect multiple LAN segments. LAN


switching provides dedicated, collision-free communication between
network devices, with support for multiple simultaneous conversations.
LAN switches are designed to switch data frames at high speeds. A
LAN switch is a device that typically consists of many ports that
connect LAN segments (Ethernet and Token Ring) and a high-speed
port (such as 100-Mbps Ethernet, Fiber Distributed Data Interface
[FDDI], or 155-Mbps ATM). The high-speed port, in turn, connects the
LAN switch to other devices in the network.

A LAN Switch Can Link 10-Mbps and 100-Mbps Ethernet Segments

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WAN Switch

A computer network that spans a relatively large geographical area.


Typically, a WAN consists of two or more local-area networks (LANs).
Computers connected to a wide-area network are often connected
through public networks, such as the telephone system. They can also
be connected through leased lines or satellites. The largest WAN in
existence is the Internet.

A WAN switch is a multiport internetworking device used in carrier


networks. These devices typically switch such traffic as Frame Relay,
X.25, and SMDS, and operate at the data link layer of the OSI reference
model.

Two Routers at Remote Ends of a WAN Can Be Connected by WAN


Switches

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Switched Multimegabit Data Service (SMDS)

Switched Multimegabit Data Service (SMDS) is a high-speed, packet-


switched, datagram-based WAN networking technology used for
communication over public data networks (PDNs). SMDS can use fiber-
or copper-based media; it supports speeds of 1.544 Mbps over Digital
Signal level 1 (DS-1) transmission facilities, or 44.736 Mbps over Digital
Signal level 3 (DS-3) transmission facilities. In addition, SMDS data
units are large enough to encapsulate entire IEEE 802.3, IEEE 802.5,
and Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI) frames. This chapter
summarizes the operational elements of the SMDS environment and
outlines the underlying protocol. A discussion of related technologies,
such as Distributed Queue Dual Bus (DQDB) is also provided. The
chapter closes with discussions of SMDS access classes and cell
formats.

The SNI is the interface between CPE and carrier equipment. This
interface is the point at which the customer network ends and the
carrier network begins. The function of the SNI is to render the
technology and operation of the carrier SMDS network transparent to
the customer.

The SNI Provides an Interface Between the CPE


and the Carrier Equipment in SMDS

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Data-link switching (DLSw)

Data-link switching (DLSw) provides a means of transporting IBM


Systems Network Architecture (SNA) and network basic input/output
system (NetBIOS) traffic over an IP network. It serves as an alternative
to source-route bridging (SRB), a protocol for transporting SNA and
NetBIOS traffic in Token Ring environments that was widely deployed
before the introduction of DLSw. In general, DLSw addresses some of
the shortcomings of SRB for certain communication requirements—
particularly in WAN implementations.

Three primary functions of DLSw:


• The Switch-to-Switch Protocol (SSP) is the protocol
maintained between two DLSw nodes or routers.
• The termination of SNA data-link control (DLC) connections
helps to reduce the likelihood of link layer timeouts across WANs.
• The local mapping of DLC connections to a DLSw circuit.

A DLSw Circuit Facilitates SNA Connectivity over an IP WAN

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