Heslop 1893 A Glossary of North Um Brian Words Vol II

Ir-
NORTHUMBERLAND WORDS.
A GLOSSABY
OF WORDS USED IN
THE COUNTY OF NORTHUMBERLAND

AND ON
THE TYNESIDE.
BY R-
OLIVER HESLOP
VOLUME
IJ.
Xonfcon:
PUBLISHED FOR THE ENGLISH DIALECT SOCIETY

BY HENRY FROWDE, OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS, AMEN CORNER, LONDON, E.G.
1893-1894.
V.*
CONTENTS.
THE GLOSSARY, GA
ADDENDA
ERRATA
to
311 to 807
809
-
812
[The letters N., S., T., W.-T., when following a word, refer to divisions of Northumberland wherein characteristic variations of the dialect are heard and a word so marked means that the form or sound is proper to the district indicated. N. is North Northumberland, the district north
;
of the river Coquet, including Redesdale. S. is South, or Central, Northumberland, including the part of the county south of the river Coquet and lying between that line and the eastern portion of the Tyne
T. is Tyneside, with Newcastle as its centre, including the valley. valley of the Tyne and both its banks from Wylam to the sea, and a portion of the northern part of the county of Durham. W.-T. is West Tyne, the district west of Wylam, having Hexham as its centre. When
no sign follows a word the form may be understood as common

the districts named.]
to all
GA, gave
before a much as
"
He
This form of the p.t. is used (the a short as in gat). word beginning with a consonant. " Ye ga twice as " Ye it's worth." gav ower much." Ga'd, gave it.
gfl's,"
he gave us (gave me).

gall.
See GAV, Gov.

"
GAA,
or
GAW,
"
As
bitter as gaa."
Nowther gut nor
faa."
GAADGER,
GAADY,
let's he'
a gauger, an exciseman. "
gaudy, garish.
Nyen
o'
yor goody colours, mistor
plain reed an' yalla."
GAADY-DAY, GAWDY-DAY,
"
A gawdy-day
myeks
a holiday. (Obsolescent.) hands merry." T. Wilson, Pitman's Pay, pt. iii., v. 64.
a'
" There are certain times of the year when the young men and lads refuse to work, and insist on a gaudy-day for instance, the first morning they hear the cuckoo, and when the turnips and peas are at 'A cuckoo mornin,' 'a tormit mornin, and 'a pea mornin ." maturity. Note to Pitman's Pay.
1 1
312
a soft, or
GAAKY,
GAAKY,
GAAN,
GABY,
awkward
person.
See GOWK.
clownish.
" Aa's gaan"
gaan up."
or
going (pres. part, of gan). Gannin is another form.
"Them
at's
See GAN.
GABY-RIDDLE,
in separating the
a sieve with very wide mesh, used rougher parts of chaff from corn.
GAD,
a rod, a staff, a fishing rod, a cattle goad, a spear. gad o' iron," a nail rod. Compare GORD.
to gather.
"
GADDER,
what a
See GETHER.
an assembly, a crowd.
GADDERIN, GETHERIN,
gttforin'
"Eh,
team
thor wes."
GADMAN, GADSMAN,
of oxen in ploughing.
the
man who had charge
of the
(Obs.)
GAD-SMASH-ME-SARK!
construction.
a minced oath of complicated
GAE
Past
[N.]
tense,
to go. " gaed.
" Gae
doon the toon
We gaed away at a bonny pace."

"Gae
thin."
an' seek the milk."
See GAN.
GAE, somewhat,
very.
See GAY.
GAFF,
the upper shore rope of a salmon net.

lowering, cloudy.
"
GAFFIN,
GAG,
The weather's ower
gaffin."
pumping arrangement of a colliery, "an obstruction in a bucket, or clack, preventing the fall, or lid, from working." E. Nicholson, Gloss, of Coal Trade Terms, 1888.
in the
W.
GAILY,
day,
Tommy"
a variant of gay, which see. that is, pretty well.
Yor lukin
gaily
weel thi
day. rather
'
some
GAINER, GAINOR,
a gander. (Obs.)
GAINSTAND,
to stand against, to withstand.
313
GAIR,
a strip of verdure on the uplands, generally the outcrop of a limestone. Hugh Miller, Geology of Otterburn and Elsdon. gair is a bright, green, grassy Geological Survey Memoir. Also an irregular strip spot, surrounded by bent or heather. of green turf running down the side of a moorland hill. Above Linnshiels, in Coquet Dale, there is a fairy-looking spot of this kind known as Barty's Gair.
" To the north is the vast and almost pathless solitude of the forest of Lowes, here and there studded with a few enclosures, a farmhouse, or a
shepherd's shield and, in places, enlivened with grassy, limestone gairs, edged about with beds of deep ling, or impassable peat mosses." Rev. John Hodgson, Letters on Housesteads. Archaologia JEliana, vol. i., p. 271.
;
GAIRD,
guard. " The gaird comes

His blasts
like
fleein like the
wind,
Oilin' o' Dicky's
thunner blawin." T. Wilson,
Wig.
GAIRIL,
girl.
GAIRISHON
[N.], a rowdy gang of young men or lads. of rough-looking appearance, when in a body, are spoken of as a gairishon^ but the term is oftener " " or ragged. applied to boys, especially when flig
Sometimes adults
GAIRN
GAIRN,
GAIT.
GAIT,
[N.]
woollen yarn.
to grin, to make a face. See CORN. " Girn'd and laught." G. Smart, Joco-Serious Discourse, 1686,
p. 71.
See GATE.
a goat.
GAIT,
sheaves set up singly in a corn field. A "stook" is a " A group of sheaves as distinguished from the gait. country dotted with rows of shock and gait." See GATEN.
GAIT,
to set up sheaves of corn in wet weather to dry. Halliweirs Diet. See GATED, GATEEN.
GALASH," to mend
part, or
jfamieson.
shoes or boots with leather on the upper
by a band round the fore part of the upper leather undoubtedly allied to French galoche, a wooden shoe."
to
GALE,
ache with cold.
See GEAL.
GALIC,
is
incomprehensible
talk.
" bad or " bletherin speaker
often told that no sense can be
made
of his talk, as
it is all
galic.
Compare DOUBLE DUTCH.
GALLEY-BAAK,
over the
fire,
the balk or beam fixed across a chimney " " from which a pot hook called a reetin cruck sometimes a tree branch with was hung. The galley-baak was the bark stripped off, but otherwise undressed and unsquared. " that In this case it was commonly called a " peeled grain See RANNEL-BALK. is, a barked branch. (Obs.)
GALLOWAY, a
horse under fourteen hands high, of the sturdy breed formerly common but now almost extinct. They were used on the fells to carry ore over from the mines to the smelt When going loaded the galloways were always muzzled mills. and driven in droves, and in this way they tracked the moors in file. The was called the " raker."
single
leading galloway
a
GALLOWAY PUTTER,
pony
putter.
W.
E. Nicholson,
Gloss, of Coal Trade Terms, 1888.
GALLOW-HILL, GALLOW-LAW,
yet lost their name, parish Gallows-hill, in
;
the spots where unfortunate criminals were executed in such franchises as had the power of the furca, or gallows. have not
for
we have
;
They
Hartburn Ellingham Gallow-moor, in Eglingham Gallows-shaw, in Nether witton and Gallowside, in Haltwistle. Hodgson's
;
; ;
Gallow-hill, in Bolam Gallows-law, in Elsdon and
Northumberland,
iii.,
2, p. 54.
GALLOWSES, GALASES,
GALLOWS-TIMBER,
called
a pair of braces for the trousers.
supported by two upright pieces "
a cross-piece, or crown-tree of timber this arrangement is also a pair of gears."

;
GAM,
a game, fun Of the gams among boys may be specified leap-frog in its form of "loup-the-lang-lonnin" and "cappyback also stotty baal, watch-webs, tripet and quoit, nineholes, cat and dog,
;
duck-styen, spinny-wye, hatty-cappy, pigeon-walk bait the bear, beggarly Scot, cherry- pit, hitchydabber widdy-way, bed-stocks, handy-dandy, pie-ba 1 kitty cat-an -buck stick puss-in-the-corner; all lld,bo g gle-ôot. tiggee,'and fhe many
^'^^hand
bal1 '
ball >
prison
315
GAMALERIE
playfulness.
(Obs.)
("gamblery" or "gambolry"), gambolment, Compare GAMEL.

gaiters.
GAMASHERS, GAMASHES,
"
(Obs.)
applied to a kind of loose drawers or stockings worn outside the legs over the other clothing, and much used
The term was formerly
by
travellers."
Halliwell's Diet.
GAMEL,
Watling
to gambol, to gamble.
GAMMELS-PATH,
Street.
the northernmost portion of the See KEMMELS-PATH.
Roman
GAMLER,
GAMMIN,
a gambler.
funning,
making a
fool of.
GAMMY,
leg."
lame.
The same
as game.
" He's getten a gammy
GAN,
to go.
Past, gaid or gaed

''
p.p., gyen.
In the
pves. p.
both
gan and gannin are used. " Gan that as it likes
let
that go as
it
will.
Stuart's Joco-Scrious
Discourse, 1686, p. 5. " Sae weel she ettles what aw get, Sae far she's a'ways gars it gan,
That nyen can say we are i' debt, Or want for owther claes or scran."
T. Wilson, Pitman's Pay,
pt.
i.,
v. 80.
This
is
the heed." In narrative, " Aa gans" is often used in a past event. "As seun as aa hard him, aa gans describing up tiv him." When a child acquires its first step it is said to
sometimes spoken broadly
"Gaan about
like a
geuse
nicked
i'
gan.
"
When aw was
The
young they teuk a lang way better plan, bairns was put ta wark as seun as they could gan." George Chatt, "Old Farmer," Poems, 1866, p. 87.
In North Northumberland the forms of the verb are often used as gae or gan p.t., gaed ; p.p., gaen or gane. " Gannen down here,' a vocal signal from the banksmen to the brakesmen that men are going down the pit." Nicholson's Gloss, of Coal Trade
'
Terms.
" Gan yor aan gait," go your own way. "To gan wi'" is to make away with. " The frost's gyen wiv aall the grozers this " His fethor left eer." plenty, but he's gyen wid aall."
GANDY-GANDY,
the farm call to the geese.
See CALLS.
3 i6
to go.
GANG,
man."
See GAN.
" a wandering person, a
GANGRAL, GANGREL,
(Obs.)
vagrom
GANG-TOOTH,
(Obs.)
a tooth as one of a row, or set of teeth.

or Set, for example, of Teeth or the like. all over England." Ray, 1691.
It is in
Gang, a
Row
"
this sense a general
word
GANG-WEEK,
are lustrated by the
Parish Officers, Rogation Week." Week is the next but one before Whit Rogation Bailey. in that week Rogations and Sunday, and on the Wednesday were formerly used. The Thursday in that week is Litanies Ascension Day, but it is better known in Newcastle as Barge Thursday. See BARGE-DAY.
The Time when
the
Bounds
of the Parishes
GANNER," a
GANNER,
GANNIN,
good goer.
He's a ganger, like Willie Pigg's dick-ass." proverb, " not bonny-leukin', but he's a ganner noo
!
Brockett has ganger, and quotes the " He's
or GANGER, a beggar or poor pedlar and half a beggar. (Obsolescent.)
hawker
half a
moving,
stirring.
GANNIN-BORD,
going board.
When
the crane,
flat,
or
station in a pit is not at the end of the headways course at the face, the coals are brought down a board for one, two, or more pillars, as the case may be, to the crane. This board is called the going (or "gannen") board. Greenwell's Gloss, of Coal Trade Terms, 1849.
GANNIN-HEEDWIS,
GANT, GAUNT,
the going headways in a pit usually the headways course next the face. Greenwell's Gloss, of Coal Trade Terms, 1888.
to gape, to yawn. " It's a wonder he dissent " wi' gantin." get lock-jaa proverb says, The long gaunts o Elishaw were heard at the loans o' Blakelaw." This is now The same or a similar spoken in deriding lover's sighs. saying was current in other localities with similar names on
the
Tweed and
across the
Border.
in Hist, of Bwks. Naturalists' Club, vol. viii., p. 130, note. Gant also means an inhalation caught at a gasp, as a " Aa bad smell. gat a fair gant on't," said in passing a
See note, Dr. James
Hardy,
midden heap with an
offensive smell.
317
GAN-WIFE,
a female pedlar, going about with a basket or with tinware, containing pins, laces, and nick-nacks brushes, and other domestic articles.
;
GAR,
to compel, to force, to cause. " Gar's an ill weed to grou."

" Sae weel she ettles
local proverb says,
what aw
get,
pt.
i.,
Sae
far she
a'ways gars it gan." T. Wilson, Pitman's Pay, 1826,
v. 60.
GARBOARD,
The
the planking hoard next the keel of a vessel. garboard strake is the first or lowest streak (stretch or line) of planking or row of plates in a ship.
GARCIL,
underwood.
Brockett.
the garcil"
Garcil-heuk, (Obs.)
"a
bill-knife for cutting
GARDENER'S GARTERS,
dinacea.
the ribbon grass, Phalavis arun-
Called also
ladies' garters.
GARN,
woollen yarn.
In Chaucer garnment
is
used
for
garment.
Gm*-windles, yarn-winders.
See GAIRN.
GARN,
to darn, or mend a woollen stocking with yarn or threads spun of woollen. Hodgson MS.
GARRET,
a watch tower. Describing the walls of Newcastle, the author of an Impartial History of Newcastle adds, p. 47, " It was observed by Mr. Milbank, in the MSS. which he left, that between each of these large towers there were generally two lesser ones, of a square form, with the effigies of men cut in stone upon their tops, as in a watching posture, and they were called garrets, having square holes, or apertures, through which to discharge arrows, stones, and other missiles at a Garir, in French, is to take refuge, and besieging enemy." Our attic storey in a house is from garite is a place of refuge. this word. Some of the old stone men from the town wall may be seen in the dungeon of the Castle at Newcastle. One is a rude figure leaning the chin on a weapon, as if on the look
out.
GARSE, GORSE,
in grass.
grass.
GARSIN, GORSIN,
(Obs.)
a garter.
a grazing, a pasture Also probably gursage.
an ing or enclosure See GYSSURGE.
GARTEN,
The
outer edge of a
web
of cloth torn
off.
g
T
a vard
re
ofhe CastJ
strong
p.t.
The or any guarded or fenced place. is the Castle-^/, a? Newcastle
a potato field.
A sta'-^,
a stack yard.
GAT, got-the
GAT, GAUT,
Get-p.t., gat ; p.p., getten

is
and
gatten.
a female, pig that
spayed.
See GELD,
[T.]
.
2.
GATE,
a road, a
gate isyett.
See AAL-GATES, GUT, YETT.

1
way
GEYET
[SJ
GYET
Afield
the way. " They asked him if he kend Tho much he thought, yet little he said,
He knew
the gate as well as they." Ballad, Hobbie Noble.
GATE,
From the foregoing word method, manner of going. a person has of doing. as applied to conduct, or "the way" Gan yor aan gate," do your own, or go your own, way. " a sad course of conduct he is he's
bonny
gate
gannin,"
pursuing.
GATE,
of so
a stint or right of pasture, or other way-going. A right five is a stint many stints or cattle gates. A cattle gate make a stint. A cow gate is the stint for a cow plural, sheep " kine gate. For cattle on the Fell, Every gate there is to pay One Shilling." Gateshead Church Books, Order of June 7, 1652. A coble gate is the right of fishing for a coble.
;
GATE," GAIT, GYET,
" Three a journey or trip. gates o' three journeys to the lime-kiln and back that is, lime three goings. In a pit it has the same meaning, a gyet being a journey from the shaft to the flat and back again.
:
GATED,
oats and barley set up in single sheaves. Bailey Culley, General View of the Agriculture of Northumberland.
and See
GATEN.
CATENA GAITEEN,
on
its
or
GAITIN,
a single sheaf of corn set

:
end in a harvest field to dry. The word means to stand " Yor stannin' there singly, and is sometimes applied thus like a gaten," that is alone. A gaten is distinguished from just a sheaf by the band being bound round it close below the ear, and not in the middle, as in a sheaf, by which means the straw is more easily spread out. Before being stacked the band is always removed to the middle part in other words, the gaten becomes a sheaf. Oats and barley alone are thus treated, wheat and rye never.
;
319
GATER,
a quoit played in front of the hob, so as to stand on " edge and prevent an antagonist following with a ringer."
;
GATEWAY,
a roadway in a pit, a passage through the goaf, secured by a pack wall on each side, for the purpose of bringing out the coals worked on the longwall system. A rolley-way. W. E. Nicholson, Gloss, of Coal Trade Terms.
fat,
GAUCY,
comely,
jolly.
"A
big gaucy man."
GAUDY-DAY.
See GAADY-DAY.
GAUM.
See GOAM.
silly,
GAUMLESS,
GAUNT,
GAUP,
to
ignorant, vacant, stupid.
Brockett.
yawn.
sighing.
See GANT.
GAUNTIN,
to gape or See GEYEP.
stare.
"What
are ye gaupin there for!"
G AV,
ga
When the word following begins with a consonant, " He ga me." When it begins with a vowel, or mute aspirate, gav or gov is used. " He gav a strait acoont." " He " He See GA, Gov. gav him nowt for'd." gov ower."
is
gave. used.
GAVEL,
or
JAVEL,
a gaol.
See JAVEL GROUP.
(Obs.)
theys said three prisoners into Hexham, to the Queene's Majestie's gavel there." Errington to Forster, Hexham, December 17, I 559i i n Dr. Charlton's North Tynedale, p. 70.
" Sent
GAVEL,
"The
ij.,
a strip of land.
Compare CABLE and KYEVEL.
Town-fields (of Whelpington) made up of numerous gavels, ridges, and buts scattered and intermixed." Hodgson's Northumberland,
pt. vol.
i.,
p. 188, note.
GAVELICK, GEAVLICK, GAVELOK,

term as
"
a crowbar.
It is
common
Ray's
in
Northumberland as across the Border.

to enter stakes into the ground, or the
Gavelock, a pitch,
and iron bar
like uses."
Collection of North-Country Words, 1691.
GAVLE,
GAVY,
or
GEYAVLE,
the gable of a house.
See GEYAVLE.
an ungainly female.
Brockett, third edition.
Probably
a variant oigaby.
^20
GAW,
an unusually fine day, or an unseasonably fine day, See WEATHERof bad weather. thought to be a precursor GAW.
GEY, GAY, GAE, "

emphasize.
rather, somewhat, very; or added to " Yor a He's gay aad." gay lang time i' comin." The word is sometimes spoken as if it were gay an'" He was GAIN. gay an' seun here thi' day." See
to crack with heat or frost.
GEAL, GEYAL,
Compare GYLE.
See GELD,
4.
GEALL,
GEAN,
to grieve
Northumberland.
HalliwelVs Diet.
It
is
the wild cherry, Prunus avium.

tree."
usually called
"the gean
GEASSY,
a pig.
GEAT,
GEAT,
pace, motion.
GEED
to
[N.]
fish.
jet.
" Black as geet"
See JET.
GED,
the pike
GEDGE,
make
a wry face.
GEDGIN,
giggling, impertinent.
Probably derived from the

Thropton.
is
foregoing word.
" She's a gedgin,
akward huzzy."
GEE,
a sudden turn, a pique.
Agee, or aglee,
askew, atwist.
GEE
A (the g soft), sometimes gee-y, to go off the straight. " heck " horse is ordered to gee, that is, to turn to the right, as is to the left. In North Northumberland the forms are "
"
(right),
wo-beck
and " heck-wo-heck
"
gee-
(left).
GEE-BALL, JEE-BAL, JIBBLE, GEEBALD, knife

made from
a sickle, and fitted into a long handle, used for cutting small twigs off hedges, or cutting down thistles.
hedge
GEED,
p.t.,
gave.
in
and
N.
Gi, give, the pres.t.,
becomes #i or gav
in the
geed
p.p., geen.
See Gi.
GEED,
GEEG,
See GEAT,
the right
2,
and JET.
anything.
(Obs.)
way
of
321
geen
GEEN, "GIEN,
seen'd
I
given;
p.p.
of gi.
"Aa wad
to
;
owt to
would have given anything
have seen
the
it.
GEERS,
a staging, a set of supporting the roof of a pit.

a
;
shearlegs
timberwork
GEEZER,
character.
mummer and hence any grotesque or queer See GIZER, GUIZARD.

a tax.
GELD, GILD, GELT,

taxable.
(Obs.)
Hence
gelddbk
or gildable,
GELD,
to split
open or crack by exposure to heat.

;
GELDEET,
sun cracked or in the case of a butt or water tub cracked badly through and through, and consequently To geld is applied to the cracking of the material leaking. But when the joints only are affected, to gizen is the itself. descriptive word.
a snare for catching birds.
fair,
GELDERT,
GENNIC,
See GILDERT.
genuine,
honest.
See JANIC and JENICK.
GENTIN,
GENZIE,
projecting, in the way.
an engine of war.
"
Wi gun and genzie, bow and speir, Men might see mony a cracked crown."
1
Raid of Redeswin.
GEORDY,
the name by which Tynesiders are known outside the district. Also a Tyne ship. Compare CRANKY, 3.
GEORDY,
George Stephenson's safety lamp.

for bird-catching.
GERN
[N.], a snare called a gildert.

grass.
In
W.T.
this
is
GERSE,
See GARSE.
GESLIN,
a gosling.
catkins or "palms."
(Obs.)
;
GESLINS,
GESSEN,
rare, scarce.
GET-AGATE,
to make a beginning of a work 6r thing to go out again after being confined indoors or otherwise hindered from the ordinary routine of work.
322
GETHER,
An
The word also means to suppurate. to gather. abscess is called a getherin and, in the act of forming or " beeld." To gether, in husbandry, swelling, the place is said to is the first half of the operation of forming a rig by the plough.
;
GETHERIN -COAL,
a large piece of coal generally put on the fire just before going to bed, so that it may be heated on When broken up in the morning it the under surface. speedily forms a good fire.
tucks, or folds, plaited in
GETHERS,
GETS,
women's
dress.
the nett payment received by a blacksmith under the Crowley system of working. The smith received from the warehouse a certain quantity of iron. This was charged to him at a fixed rate of eleven shillings per 6olbs. weight half a cwt., long weight and he took it to his smithy, where he fashioned it as ordered by his overseer. On returning his finished work, the weight was taken and put to his credit at a price fixed for each kind of finished article. Then an allowance of so much per cwt. was also put to his credit for waste in the fire, &c. The balance between these two credits and the original charge for the material was called " the gets," being the nett earnings of the smith on each job. By this system at Swalwell and Winlaton a peculiar relationship between master and workman was originated, as different as Each man was possible from the modern factory system.
recognized in the individuality of his
own
smith's hearth.
GETTER,
a man employed in breaking down the coal which has been previously kirved (only applied where holers or kirvers and fillers are employed). Nicholson's Gloss, of Coal
Trade Terms, 1888.
GETTS, young
children.
GEUFISH,
flighty
or unstable in
mind.
"He's
rether
gcufish chep."
GEWGAA, GEWGO, GEWGY, GEWGIE,

GEY,
very, somewhat.
the Jew's harp.
See GAY.
a gable.
,
GEYAVLE (pron. ge-yavle), GEYEN [S.] GYEN [T.]

,
gone ( P r.t., gan).

t0
See GAN.
E ?J get.
Y P [T Q ^' See GANT, r GAUP.

[
'
'
gaPê g Bunded hard as in
323
GEYEST
GEYPIN,
"Aw
[S.]
GYEST
[T.]
a ghost
the
g sounded hard.
See GEYEP.
Geo.
gaping, and hence soft or rustic
like.
cood gar the geypin lads work oot their varra leyves." " Old Farmer," Poems, 1866, p. 86. Chatt,
GEYUS
[S.]
GYUS
[T.]
a goose.
in.
GEYUS-CREE,
a pen, or shelter to put geese
GEYZENED,
GHENT,
GHYEST,
a
dried up, parched.
See GIZEN.
" He's a greet, muckle
tall
and thin person.

See GEYEST.
i
a ghost.
GI, to give.
very short on Tyneside, but in North spoken broadly, as gee-ah, or gee. Gi is generally used before a word beginning with a consonant. When the word following begins with a vowel giv is used. In the p.t. the forms are gee-a^ or ga and gav, which are used as euphony suggests. Gied, p.t., is used in North Northumberland instead of the strong forms, ga, gav, or gov.
is
The
Northumberland
it
is
GIANTIC,
gigantic.
'
" In the Newcastle dialect the adjective is formed not from the " classical gigas, but from the English giant, as a giantic chep or fellah.' Dr. Embleton, Archaologia JEliana, vol. xi., p. 145, note.
GIB
(the g soft as in jib), to refuse and shrinks from pulling. Gilbert.

at the
to draw, as a horse that gibs
GIB,
GIB, a hook, the bend

crook in a stream.
end of a stick or
staff,
a bend or
GIB, a
knitting hook, a crochet hook.
GIBBY-STICK,
GIB-FISH,
fish
a stick with the end bent for a handle.
a male salmon during the spawning season. The being then in a poor condition, its lower jaw assumes a gib form, being quite turned up and elongated.
GIENEEGITE, GIENIGYTE,
gienigyte"
it
gone wrong.
"It's a'
has
all
gone agate.
GIEST, JEEST,
a joist.
if.
GIF,
GIFF-GAFF,
way
either in talking or in a helpful give and take, of mutual assistance.
GIFTS,
white specks on the finger nails. When these grow to the end of the nail a gift is expected to come from some
quarter or other.
"
A gift on the thoom comes soon, A eift on the finger comes nivver."
Old Proverb.
Another version says

"
Gifts
But
gifts
on the fingers lingers, on the thooms syun comes."
GIFTY,
gifty.
prolific.
When
corn thrashes well out
it is
said to be
GIGLET,
GILD,
a giggling girl
suggesting also a wanton.
body full o' gild" is a cheery play, high spirits. Gilt, or gilded, was also person, one full of mischievous fun. In the former sense it is still a current expression for drunk.
See GUILD.
"A
in use.
GILD,
light hearted, mirthful.
GILD,
to skylark, to play pranks. aal through gildin"
"
He
fell
an' hort hissel
GILDERT, GILDART,
birds.
See GERN.
a noose or snare used for catching
GILL
(the g hard), a place hem'd in with two steep brows or banks, usually flourishing with brushwood, a rivulet running between them. Tomlinson. Quoted by Ray, Collection of Mr. J. V. Gregory, in his PlaceNorth-Country Words, 1691. Names in the County of Northumberland, Archaologia Ê liana, new series, vol. ix., p. 65, notes the occurrence of the word in three places only in Northumberland. He adds " This word has come into Northumberland from the Norwegian
:
settlers of
Cumberland."
to gabble.
GILLABER,
GILLIHOWLET,
GILRAVISHIN,
the yellow owl, Strix flammea, Linn.
a tumult, a row.
325
(?
GILSE, an
intermittent or temporary spring of water.
Obs.)
GILTY,
gilded, gilt.
GIMALICK, GIMLICK, GIMLEEK,

GIMALICK-EYE,
Gloss, vehicle." contrivance.
a gimlet.
a squint eye.
light
GIMCRANKS, GIMCRACKS, "a

to
or
Pitman's Pay.
Any
novel sort of novel or curious
GIMMER
gimmer"
(g
soft),
is,
that
" the fork of a tree. Tyek off that See JIMMER. cut off one of the forks only.
GIMMER
(g hard), a
young ewe.
and second shearing.
sheep between
its first
gelt-gimmer, a barren ewe.
GIMMER, a low woman. GIMP (the g soft), thin, neat

GIN,
GIN,
if.
in figure.
See JIMP.
is
alternately with gif,
This (The g sounded hard, as in get.) which has the same meaning.
used
a machine, a contrivance; short for " engine."

"
Compare
COG-AND-RUNG-GIN, WHIM-GIN.
GING,
o'
to join in
whusky."
frolicsome
Co'wa, ging in an' ha' a jirt company with. The word is generally used for a sportive or " One of the party. merry ging."
GING,
move
with
dung.
Probably a variant of goung.

the circular track in which horses machine. Also applied to the
GIN-GAN, GIN-GAUN,
it.
in turning a threshing
entire machine, with the building
and everything connected
GINIFER,
the juniper plant, Juniperus communis. A place in *' is known as " The Ginifevs" The It is marked " since Ordnance surveyors corrected the vulgar Junipers speech.
Hexhamshire
GIN-RACE,
GIP,
the horse track round a gin.
See GIN-GAN.
to punish.
"
I'll
gip ye."
GIPSEY,
wooden peg.
226
a giddy, thoughtless girl.
GIPSEY,
GIRD.
See GORD.
GIRDLE,
a very thin, compact band or stratum. Girdles, in mining, are beds from about three inches to two feet or more but the term is usually applied to beds varying in thickness from three inches to nine or ten inches thick. When the stratum is of a distinct character, as in the case of the layers which divide the upper from the lower portions of a seam of " band." " Bands" vary from coal, it is generally called a A yet thinner half an inch to six or seven inches in thickness. " " deposit is called a parting." Girdles are also called lumps," " when formed of ironstone, " catheads." A " whin girdle and, " " Post of excessively hard stone. is a. girdle composed girdles "Metal girdles" are of hard, coarse are girdles of sandstone. A " brass girdle is one of pyrites. shale.
;
9 '
GIRDLE, GORDLE,
a flat, circular iron plate with a bow handle. It is set on the open fire and is used for baking " singin-hinnie," the accompaniment of all high festival in the homes of the people. The commemoration of a birthday, a christening, or a wedding is always kept with the honour of " " settin on the gordle and the baking of a "spice singin-hinnie." A girdle was formerly made from a flat stone. See previous
word.
Compare BAKSTONE.
'
'
bakstone was often three or four feet in diameter, capable of holding two cakes, and fixed upon three or four low pillars: the girdle was less and lighter, and stood upon an iron called a brandreth.' tripod, After iron plates began to be used for the same purpose, the larger one continued to be Called the bakstone,' and the smaller the girdle." Hodgson's Northumberland, pt. ii., vol. ii., p. 306, note.
'
"The
GIRDLE-CAKE, GORDLE-KEYEK,
baked on a
girdle.
name
for the
cakes
See SINGIN-HINNIE.
GIRDLEY,
GIRN,
GORD.
stratified in girdles.
to grin, to leer, to
make
wry
face.
See GAIRN, CORN,
GIRN,
a snare for catching

grass.
game
very
or trout.
GIRSE,
word
in
See GERSE, GARSE.
common
use by old people.
GIRSEL,
gristle.
327
GIRSOME,
a fine on renewal of a lease. Lands " leased under annual rents, and, by the payment of a fine, called a girsome fine, at the end of every twerfty-one years." Hodgson's See GRESSOM. Northtimberland, pt. ii., vol. iii., p. 32.
GIS, GIZ, GFES, or GEE'Z, give me.
See Gi'.
GISS-GISS, the
call to a pig.
GISSY,
a pig.
GISSY-PIG,
to children.
little pig,
or the
name
of a pig
when spoken
of
GISTING,
GIT,
the agistment of cattle.
(Obs.)
in a mould, the narrow neck or channel through which the metal is poured. It is generally applied as the term for the superfluous piece of metal which is left in the neck of the mould after a casting is made.
GITE,
is
deranged, daft, mad.
G I YENS AGYEN,
back
a rebate on a price, or a price fixed which understood to be subject to a certain sum being handed
to the negotiator.
G1VE-OWER, give over, be done. GIYEN, GIEN [T.] given, p.p. of gi.
,
In S. Northumberland two syllables are distinctly pronounced, as: " He's gi-yen far ower much for the mear." The form goven is also occasionally
to disguise. On going out for a poaching expedition, near Rothbury, a man of notoriously dirty appearance asked '* his wife, " Hoo mun a gize mesel ?" Wesh thee fyess," was
used.
GIZE,
the prompt reply.
See GUIZARD and GUIZED.

to dry up, to crack open with drought. sun becomes gizened that is, dry
GIZEN, GYZEN,
empty cask lying
shrunken.
An
and
in the
GIZER,
a masquerader, something extraordinary or akin to the miraculous. See GUIZAR and GEEZER.
" the " pluck of an animal or the gizzard of a fowl. Also, by application, the life principle in a human being. A maddened opponent sometimes threatens his enemy to pull
GIZZERN,
his gizzern out. B
328
GLAIKED, GLAIKEED, GLAICKET, GLAIKET,

GLAIKY,
unsteady.
giddy, foolish, thoughtless,
inattentive to duty,
GLAIKEDNESS,
giddiness.
GLAIR, GLAUR, GLOAR, GLAR, liquid mud of the filthiest " sort. Gloar, mud, shining dirt, filth." In its common use
now-a-days, however,
;
it
is
simply applied
to
if it
the
most
offensive dirt something worse than "clarts," to conceive of depths of shade in such.
is possible
GLAIRED, GLARRY,
filth.
or
GLORY,
shining with
mud
or
GLAMS,
the hands.
Halliwell.
GLAND,
GLASP,
the space for packing round a piston rod or other
similar parts of an engine or machinery.
a clasp, fastener, or iron shackle.

or
GLAVE,
GLASE, smooth. Glavering is generally used for with smooth speech. A glaveving fellow, a smoothtongued, flattering fellow. Ray's North-Country Words, 1601. See CLAVER.
flattering
GLAZENER, GLASONER,
GLEDE,
GLEE,
a falcon.
a glazier.
See GLEEDE.
See GLEED,
2,
to squint.
and GLYME.
GLEECE,
a surprise.
See GLIFF.
(Obsolescent.)
GLEED, GLEDE,
a red-hot coal or peat.
GLEED, GLIDE,
crooked or twisted, not straight
wk
hence
GLEED GLEDE
>
>
* falcon, Faho
GLEE-EYE,
squint eye.
A glee,
asquint.
329
acute in
GLEG,
Gleg at the uptak" quick, smart, acute. perception. 41 Mony a cap was cock'd to catch me Gleg was mony a wily e'e."
:
"
pt. Hi., v. 8.
GLEG,
worn smooth; hence
too easily and leaks from wear
loose fitting. tap that turns is said to be getting gleg
Compare GLID.
GLENT,
GLENT,
to glint, to flash.
a glance.
"
Aa
seed
it
bi the glent o' yor ee."
GLENT-STONES, GLENTERS,
stones inserted at a corner or along the side of a narrow street to fend off the wheels of passing vehicles.
GLETTY,
GLID, GLID,
green and slimy, applied to the appearance of stagnant water.
smooth, polished.
to slip smoothly, to glide.
GLIDDER, GLITTER,
"
didders are a loose rolling stone, the similar to the Cumberland and Westmoreland "screes" talus of loose stones at the foot of a precipitous place.
rolling
falls away in a very steep descent, covered with loose Canon Greenwell, stones, here called glidders or glitters." Transactions of the Tyneside Naturalists' Field Club, vol. vi., p. 18.
The ground
GLIDDY,
gliddy.
slippery.
An
icy road or
pavement
is
said to be
GLIFF,
a sudden fright.
GLIFF,
GLIFF,
a glance, a glimpse.
to frighten, as with
an apparition.
GLIFFY,
easily frightened, nervous in disposition, timorous.
GLIME,
to glance slyly.
Hodgson
MS.
See GLYME.
GLISHY,
GLISK,
glistening, as in the glittering effect
produced by
sunshine after rain.

a glance of light; a transient ray, a transient view.
2.
Compare GLIFF,
330
a clyster.
GLISTER,
GLITTERS.
See GLIDDERS.
filth.
GLORE,
GLOSS,
shining
See GLAIR.
"
a glow; applied to a bright red fire. the cyek noo the fire hes a fine gloss."
;
Ye can bake
GLOTTIN,
thawing.
GLOUP,
to gulp, to swallow.
GLOUPIN,
sulking moodily.
to gaze with wonderment, to stare with wide-open places in Northumberland that have a high and
GLOWER,
eyes.
extensive view are called " Glower-ower-him," " Glower-or'" Glower-a.t-him." him," and Hodgson MS. Glororum, townm. S.W., and in the parish of Bamburgh. The ship, i place-name may, however, be a corruption of another word A glower is also used as the name for an than glower. intense stare.
Many
GLOWERY, GLARRY,
wet mud.
smooth and shining See GLAIR and GLAIRED.

[N.]
,
in surface, like
GLUMMOR
GLUMP,
GLUMPS,
a glimmer, a gleam, a faint light.
to look sulky.
the sulks.
GLUNCH.afrown.
GLUT, a
GLUT, GLUT,
piece of
wood
"
to
fill
up behind cribbing or tubbing.
Mining Glossary, Newcastle Terms, 1852.

a drink.
Tyek
a glut or twee an' ye'il be bettor."
to swallow.
GLUTEN EEN
SEA FRET.
(W.-T.), a valley fog from the sea.
Compare
GLUTTY,
gluttonish.
GLYME,
to look slyly.
See GLIME.
33!
GOAF, " a part of the mine from which all the coal has been worked."- Mining Glossary, Newcastle Terms, 1852. See GOAVE
" In course of time the whole of these pillars are brought off, and this vast district becomes a precarious goaf." Robert Scott, Ventilation of Coal Mines, 1868, p. 14.
"It is usually a large dome, resting upon the wreck which has fallen from the roof of the exhausted space." Greenwell's Glossary of Coal
Trade Terms, 1849.
GOAM, GOME, "
to take notice
of,
he took no notice goamed you." of any one." The word also means to notice with surprise and fear; used negatively, as " He never goamed it." " How did that young horse behave ?" " O, well, aa drave him a' " that is, he had never been day, an' he nivver goamed at it startled or surprised as he was driven.
never goamed anybody
He
to recognise.
"
"
never
GOAT.
See GOTE.
streaky or cirrus clouds.
the nightjar, Caprimulgus Euvopaus.
GOAT'S-HAIR,
NIGHT-HAWK.
GOATSUCKER,
See also
GOAVE,
GOB,
space cleared of coal. See GOAF. inaccurately, as goaf.
Usually
printed,
but
the mouth. Gob also means speech, power of expression. George Stephenson on one occasion had in vain endeavoured to controvert Dean Buckland on a point of argument, when a lawyer present picked up the engineer's case and completely overturned the Dean's theory. Stephenson admiringly " It's a exclaimed, grand thing the gift o' the gob!" Gob becomes the term also for bragging speech, or insolence. *' To set up his gob " is to set up his impudence, to
talk
"
impertinently.
The form
gab
is
quite
unknown
in
Northumberland.
Aall gob an' guts, like a
young craa."
Proverb.
GOB,
talk.
to talk impudently, to brag.
GOBBY,
GOBBY,
the mouth, a variant of gob
generally used in child's
an unfledged bird.
impudent.
"
See GORLIN.
GOBBY,
gobby brat."
or
GO-BON,
equivalent to
"go bond,"
"you be bound."
3^2
a spoon. a bridle. or
Brockett.
GOB-STICK,
(Obs.)
GOB-STRING,
GOCKS, GOX,
heard as
disguises the
BEGOX,
of
an exclamation
swearing.
(in
some
It
dialects
cocks in cocks -wunters, cocks-nuns, &c.).
very thinly
name
God in
See also Gox, GOSH,
and EXCLAMATIONS.
GODSAKE,
"
" for Godsake "
is for
charity.
(Obs.)
appeareth by Mr.
Item, Maior's bill, los."
paid to
James Watson
for Godsaike, as
Newcastle Municipal Accounts, Oct., 1566.
GOFFER,
shirt.
to crimp the frills of a woman's cap or a man's See next word, also TALLY-IRON.
GOFFERIN-FRAME,
sticks or canes
in
a frame made for holding a series of between which a frill is worked in and out waving form. The whole is clamped by a screw.
a boy's marble, or
GOG,
taw
in ring in the
game
of boorey.
GOGGLES,
a disease in sheep.
See STURDY.
GOING-BOARD.
See GANNIN-BORD.
the
GOLDILOCKS, GOLDYLOCKS,
Ranunculus auricomus, Linn.
wood ranunculus,
GOLDSPINK, GOOLDSPINK, GOUDSPINK, GOLDFLINCH,

the goldfinch, Carduelis elegans.
There
is
a house
near Newcastle called Goldspink Hall.
GOLDY,
hue.
golden.
GOLLAN, GOLLAND, GOWLAN, " "

As
yalla as a gollan
is
flower of a golden expression. The following plants are included under the term gollan, or gowlan (usually distinguished as "white" or "yalla," as the case The common scentless May weed, may be) Pyrethrum
a
common
(called gollan, horse gowan, horse gowlan, and the dog-daisy, Chrysanthemum leucanthemuw, Linn. the corn marigold, Chrysanthemum the common daisy, segetum Btilts perenms (called gowan in North Northumberland and in Scotland) also the buttercup, Ranunculus bulbosus. The marsh mangold, Caltha pdvstw, is called the waiter gollan or yalla go wan.
horse daisy)
; ;
;
inodorum,
Sm.
white
333,-
COLLAR, GOLLER, GOLLOR, to

GOWLY.
growl or shout violently to speak in a loud, angry, or threatening tone. See GOWL,
a growl, a gesticulation
GOLLAR,
manner.
a rough, uncouth, scolding
"Between the Megstone Rock at the Fame Islands and the House Island, the opposite currents frequently cause a short, and to small boats a rather dangerous swell, like breakers. This ripple is known to the fishermen of the neighbourhood by the very significant name of the S. Oliver, Rambles in Northumberland, 1835, p. 204. gollors."
GOLLUP,
to sup hastily
and
noisily.
"
Dinna
gollup yor
broth like that."
GOMMEREL, GUMMERAL,
a foolish body, a stupid fellow.
GONIEL, GONNERIL, GONNERHEED,

"
It's aal
a fool, a rustic or stupid person; one easily imposed upon. The " goniel to a Tindale man, is the district about Ponteland. country," them
greet goniels that drove us away." James Horsley, Geordy's Dream, 1880.
GOO
bias
[W.-T.]
off 't"
an offensive smell. said of tainted meat.

,
" Set-it ootside
till
the goo
GOOD-DOWTOR,
win her
a daughter-in-law.
good-dowtor ."
Heard
number.
"
in
Hexham
"She's gyen
in 1891.
is
ti
leeve
GOOD-FEW,
used.
fair
"A
canny-few"
similarly
GOODISH,
rather good. the meetin'."
Thor wis
a goodish congregation at
/
GOOD-KING-HENRY,
wild spinage; called in the North, mercury or Good King Henry. Hodgson's Northumberland, iii., The Chenopodium Bonus-Henricus, is also known as 2, p. 324. flowery -docken and smiddy leaves.
GOODLIKE,
good looking.
the
" She's a goodlike lass."
GOOD WEDNESDAY,
GOOL.
See GOWL.
a sovereign.
Wednesday
before Easter Day.
GOOLDY,
The
goldfinch.
334
silver
GOOSE-GRASS,
brome
grass.
weed,
Potentitta
anserina.
Also
the
grass, Bromus
mollis.
is also dicks), briza media,
The trembling grass (dothenn called, among its many titles, goose
GOOSE'S-FLESH,
a term used to denote the state of the skin when it is raised into small tubercles, in consequence of cold or fear, so as to resemble that of a plucked fowl. a newly-hatched bird.
GORBIT,
See GORLIN.
scoticus, Brisson.
GORCOCK,
GORD,
"
the red grouse, Lagopus
Known
also as moorcock, moor-game,
and
muir-fowl.
The
a hoop. "The gords is aall comin' off the rain-tubs." bairns hez all getten gords ti play wi' !"
"
Has your wine
barrels cast the girds ?" Ballad, Fair Annie.
GORD,
to gird, to jeer.
dirt,
GORE, GOR,
anything rotten or decayed.
B rockett.
;
GORE,
a tapering strip of land pointed at one end

cloth.
a wedge-
shaped piece of
Compare SWIM.
garment.
GORE,
GORE.
pit of
to insert a tapered piece of cloth in a
In the New World of Words, ed. 1706, " Gone, a pool, or water to keep fish in also, any stop in a river, such as wears, mills, stakes, &c., which hinder the free passage of
;
ships or boats."
"Gore is the modern French gour. The Old French form was sometimes gorg, and- sometimes gort, and the derivation is from Latin accusative gurgitem, from gurges, a whirlpool. The plural, gores, was gora.and then mistaken for a singular, and a new plural, gorces, arose."
Prof.
W. W.
Skeat.
GORE-BLOOD,
" I've spurred
blood.
my
beast
till
he's gore bleud"
G. Stuart, Joco-Serious
Discourse, 1686, p. 9.
"Gore, or gore
7.706.
blood, clotted or
corrupt blood."
New World
Embleton.
of Words,
"
But applied
to either fluid or clotted blood."
GORE-CHOWER,
defect in its food.
its
a sheep which, owing to some structural mouth, is unable to retain or properly masticate This defect is not always immediately fatal.
335
GORL, GURL, "

Aa
bird.
}it,
to rush and roar, as wind does in a storm. could't sleep a wink the weind (wind) gorl'd see."
;
GORLIN, GORBIT, or GOBBY, a newly-hatched or unfledged

In
its first
state
it
is
usually called a raa gorlin, raa
or raa gobby.
Compare FOOT,
"
GORLY,
"Aa
wild, windy.
What
a gorly day."
See GORL.
GORMER,
A
the cormorant, Phalacvocorax carbo.

;
ye what a gormer, iv a pick black neet, '11 find his way Fahren islands; an what dis he knaa aboot nevigation eh ah?"
tell
'
ti
'
Fisherman's Discussion.
GORN,
to grin, to
make
a face.
See GAIRN.
GORNY, GIRNY,
ill-natured.
GORNIGAA, GIRNIGAW,
used by children.
the cavity of the mouth.

a term of reproach, often
GORNYGIBBY, GIRNEYGIBBY,
GORT,
great.
GOSH, GOSHCAB,
See EXCLAMATIONS.
very
common
oaths in Northumberland.
GOTE
[N.], a stream of water approaching the sea through
sand or slake.
Compare GUT.
GOTHERLY,
"
kind, sociable.
with
its
The ewe
is gotherley
lamb."
Brockett.
GO-TO-BED-AT-NOON,
Linn.
goat's
beard,
Tragopogon pmtensis,
GOV, gave. Used as the p.t. of common form of the same p.t.
whilst gav
is
gi or give.
Gav
is
also a
Although gov and .gav are used interchangeably, gov expresses emphasis on the word,
usually less emphatic.'
given, the p.p. of gi or give.
GOVEN,
GOWxAN,
See GIVEN and Gi.
the common daisy, Bellis perennis, in Tynedale and North Northumberland. Called also the ewe-gowan, as in Scotland. Gowan is a variant of words meaning golden [see GOLLAN and GOWLAN] and is applied as a generic term to a large class of plants which are of this hue.
33 6 or lockev-gowlan,
Troilus Euvobceus.
is
the
name
for the
is
Yalla-gowan
the
mountain globe-flower, marsh marigold, Caltha
palustns.
gowan. as horse gowan.

"
all
The white clover, Trifolium npens, is called sheep s The scentless May- weed, Pyvethrum modonim, is known
This, to in the parish of Haltwhistle. Gowan-syke' is a place-name the prevalence in the haltappearance, derives its prenomen from History stagnant marsh or syke of Caltha palustris."'Dr. James Hardy,
vol. of Berwickshire Naturalists Club,
ii.,
p. 19-
GOWAYES-DAY,
"
Nov. sth, and Candle light, 00.04.02."
in the following on Gowayes-day for ringing Oyle 1627, paid to the Ringers
for
Guy Fawke's day
Gateshead Church Books.
GOWD, GOUDY, wanton, lascivious. GOWD, to toy, to play with. Hodgson MS. GOWDSPINK, the goldfinch. See GOLDSPINK.
GOWDY, GOWDY,
Dutch
cheese, generally
;
or specially
Gouda
cheese.
the fish Gemmeous Dragonet, Callionymus lyra, Linn. "The'Gowdy" occurs occasionally in great plenty at Cullercoats.
vol. x., 1890, p. 350.
Richard Howse, Natural History Transactions,
GOWDY, GOWDY-HOOSE,
;
a sort of
bower that children
form to play in, composed of figures made with shells or broken crockery or a gowdy-hoose is a toy-house erected by children with small wooden bricks or other material when at
play.
GOWDY,
frolicsome, festive.
"
Ye
he'
been hevin a gowdy
time on't."
GOWDY-LAKIN,
a child's toy or plaything.
GOWK,
the heart or pith of a plant. "An apple gowk"the seed cases and the seeds in the heart of an apple. The centre piece in a stack of hay left after the outside has been cut away all round. The bottom sheaves in a stack of corn set upright to form a foundation, or more properly, a nucleus The part of an animal's horn beneath the shell for the rest. is called the gowk, or flint. The matter which has obtruded or filled in the space between the edges of a hitch or trouble found in mining is called the "gowk of the trouble."
a cuckoo.
GOWK,
337
GOWK,
is
a simpleton, a countryman.
April gowk
an April fool.
GOWK-AN'-TITLIN,
a
an incongruous pair of any kind.
Gowk
cuckoo, and titlin. the little meadow pipit, Anthus The disproportion in size between the two pratensis, Linn. birds when seen in company suggests the phrase. GOWKISH, fond, foolish. " He's oney a gowkish kind o' a chap."
GOWK-OATS,
sowing
is
late
usually during the
sown oats. The season for sowing oats is month of March. When by chance the
delayed until April they are gowk-oats.
GOWK'S-CLOVER, GOWK'S-MEAT, or CUCKOO'SMEAT, wood sorrell, Oxalis acetosella, Linn. GOWK'S-ERRAND, a fool's errand. GOWK'S-SIXPENCES, or GOWK'S-SILLER, the yellow
rattle,
Rhinanthus
crista-galli,
Linn.
Called also hen-pen and
henny-penny.
GOWK'S-SPIT,
hills.
cuckoo-spit.
a hollow passage or pass between
slain
GOWL, GOOL, GYLE,

Kidland
district
Lord Francis Russell was
on the mountain
in
called the Windy Gyle, and where the pile or cairn of stones raised in his memory is still called " Russell's cairn." " The fortresses of Carrow and Sewing Shields stand in such a Goole
passage, or
common
entry of
all
from Tindale lying both north from the said two fortresses." Survey, 1542. Hodgson's Northumberland, iii., i, 229.
the thieves of Liddisdale in Scotland, or Bowes'
GOWL, GOUL, GOOLE,

like the north
to make a hollow and fitful sound, to wail, to growl, to scold. In Hampole a child is said to be no sooner born than it begins to " goule and cry." Edition Morris, 1. 477. Compare GORL and GURL.
wind
GOWLAN, GOWLON, golden

familiar flowers
but applied specially to those
which are of a yellow or golden colour.
See
GOLLAN, GOWAN.
" In the vicinity of Newcastle this plant [the corn-marigold, Chrysanthemum segetum] is entitled the marygowlon, and in other parts of Northumberland the gowlon. At the present day, in the Northern parts (of Northumberland), the yellow gowlon is the term by which the various tribe of crowfoots [Ranunculus acris, L., R. Bulbosus, L., and R. repens, L.~]
is designated. gild the plain Passing the Tweed we find the appellation still retained, but altered by the omission of a letter (to White gowlans is a generic term for the various plants in the gowan).
that
'
'
common parlance of Buttercups Und Daisies.

p. 14.
the North of England, termed big daisies.' History of Berwickshire Naturalists' Club, vol. iv.,
'
338
gold.
like
GOWLD, GOWD, GOOLD,
GOWLY, GOOLEY,
boisterous, stormy.
howling
Compare GORLEY and
a dog or the wind; see GOWL, 2.
GOWP
[W.-T.]
to gulp.
GOWPEN,
o'
the hollow of both hands placed together. As much as both hands can lift, the thumbs fowpen each turned to the side and the hollow of the hands being side. bowl-shaped by placing the little fingers side by " nief full " is one hand full, but a gowpen full is invariably both hands put together and filled. Hence in the phrase " Goold i' gowpens" the term is applied figuratively to mean a very large quantity or untold wealth.
yetts."
"A
A
"
gowpen o meal."
Hodgson MS.
GOWSTY,
It is frequently used as dreary, frightful, ghastly. dismal or uncomfortable, and applied to a dwellingsignifying A gusty, that is, a draughty house without ceiling, &c. " Gan roon' the corner it's ower is said to be gowsty. place, gowsty here."
;
"
What
a gowsty hole he lives in."
Brockett.
GOWSTY,
GOX,
a
cocks,
gusty, tempestuous.
common oath. This appears to be the local version of as heard elsewhere in the exclamation cocks-wunters, It is really a corruption or purposed disguise cocks-body. of the name of God.
41
By
cocke
they are to blame."
Hamlet,
iv., 5.
GRACE-WIFE, "
observes,
a midwife. Brand, vol. ii., p. 362, note, Feb., 1645, a mid-wife is styled grace-wyfe" (Obs.) a trench, a place graved or cut out.
Graft,
GRAF, GRAFT,
a grave.
See GRAIF and GROVE.

rough, sturdy, short, thick-set.
GRAFFY,
GRAIF,
They go
stone.
a grave. At Alston the word gre-af means to dig. to grave peat. A miner is called a greaver. Adit levels in many parts are known as grove holes. The meaning of cutting is present in all the kindred words grave (engrave), graf, grove, groove. Graif means any kind of cutting, either with pick-axe or spade, and they go to graif or greave peat or
See GRAF.
339
GRAILING,
ground.
a slight Brocket^.
fall
of hail
which barely covers the

Todd.
"Grail, small particles of any kind."
GRAIN,
a branch or fork of a river or a tree, or anything that turns or springs into two parts hence to grow into grains, as that of wood. Hodgson MS. A grain is thus a branch of a " tree, and a peeled grain" is a grain stripped of its bark. A grain in a chimney is a tree branch laid across the flue for suspending the pot-hooks. A grain is also the branch or tine of a fork. From the branch of a tree or river the term grain, or grayne, passes to mean the branches of the ancient and powerful families who inhabited Tynedale and the branching valleys of the district. Grain is thus in Northumberland equivalent to the word clan.
;
The grains in Tynedale and Redesdale are the river branches of the North Tyne, and so, too, the grains and hopes of the country on the South of the Coquet. Northern Tribune, 1854, vol. i., p. 159.
' '
GRAIN,
little
to groan It labour.
making a needless noise and trouble over a

is
usually applied to the kind of groan to
which people give utterance in lifting heavyweights. a grain he gav when he lifted the seek o' floor !"
" "
"What
Pantin an grainin
like
a soo at a yett."
Old proverb.
p. 45.
He peght and grained."
G. Stuart, Joco-Serious Discourse, 1686,
GRAIP, GRAPE,
one cannot
see.
to grope, to feel
by groping,
to feel
where
GRAIP,
to gripe, to pain internally.
GRAIP, GRAPE, GRIPE,

or delving fork.
pronged shovel for lifting a mixture of A twostraw and dung from the cow byre or stables. pronged implement is always called a fork, whilst one with three or more tines is called a graip. Compare HACK.
a three, four, or six-pronged dung
GRAITH,
It lather from soap. the dirt in water after washing.
is
also used as the term for
GRAITH,
The word in N. gear, equipment, riches, furniture. is applied to rank in life, as in the expression, "Ye cannot expect iz ta mix wi' thame graith," where the allusion is to the superior rank (graitti) of the persons spoken of. It is also used in speaking of an inferior graith as well
Northumberland
as of a higher social rank.
340
GRAITH,
" Aa to harness, to equip, to accoutre, to dress. to graith is to In colliery work see y'or graithin yor scythe." " Weel clack or bucket. a replace the worn leather in " pump weei gmithed for claes." He's graithed "well provided.
"
Round them cam

All riding graithed
the Croziers keen,
and
in array."
Death of Parcy Reed.
GRAITHER,
pumping
who changes and
the ''changer and graither" in a pit is the man replaces or puts in order the leather of the buckets.
GRAITHIN,
equipment, trappings.
GRAITHLY,
is
trimly, tidily. In the Pricke of Conscience, graythely used in the sense of carefully. Edition Morris, 1. 645.
GRANGE,
,
"a barn, originally the granary of a monastery [or but now often a modern name of a small mansion manor] Anick Grange." J. V. Gregory, Place-Names in Northumberland. Mr. Gregory counts nineteen places in which grange is found
in
Northumberland.
complaining
neither well nor
ill.
GRANKY,
Brocket*.
See CRANKY.
GRAP, GRAFT
GRASS,
"
(p.t.
of gripe), clutched.
the grazing season.

Advertisement, Newcastle
gelding five years old the last grass." Courant, December i, 1722.
GRASSMEN.
lands.
" the gentlemen acting for the borough were called grassmen," and had charge, with the lord's steward, of the common
At Gateshead Common, before
its
enclosure,
GRASS-NAIL,
the stiffening piece of iron at the end of a scythe, crossing the angle where the scythe is fixed into the end of the shaft, and connecting the head of the scythe blade with the sned.
GRAT,
The
wept, regretted. strong p.t. of greet.

a cravat.
"
Aa
grat sair aboot
it
at the time."
GRAY AT,
GRAVE,
to dig.
See GRAIF.
341
adit
level.
GRAVER, GREAVER,
GROVER, GRAIF.
worker
at
an
See
GRAY.
See GREY.
GRAYNE, a clan or family. GREAP, GRIPE, GRUP, a

GREAVES, GROVES,
GREE,
GREE,
to agree.
gvee-ah.
See GRAIN,
i.
gutter in a cow-house or stable.
tallow-chandler's refuse.
e is
The second
sounded
like ah, or a short
a position of superiority, a prize. " Of aw the pipers I did see This piper Tony wan the gree."
p. 20.
GREEDY-HOUND,
a hound.
one bolting or swallowing his meat
like
GREEN,
to
wish
for, to
long
for.
GREENBONE,
Flem.
a fish of the genus Muraena. Rambles in This is the Northumberland, S. Oliver the Younger, 1835. garfish, or sea needle, Esox belone, Linn., or Belone vulgaris,
"The bones
of boiling, as
Club, vol.
i.,
is
are grass-green naturally, and the colour is not the effect usually stated." History of Berwickshire Naturalists' Field
p. 173.
GREEN-CROP,
a turnip crop.
GREEN-DRAKE, the may-fly. GREENED, a term applied to

greened potatoes.
sun to harden them before storing.
seed potatoes exposed to the They are then termed
GREENEY, or GREEN LENNART,the

chloris.
greenfinch, Ligurinus
GREENEY,
in
a greenhorn.
GREEN-GRAVEL, the name applied
to the central personage a child's game. All but one join hands in a ring, one stands in the centre, and the rest go slowly round him or her, chanting a peculiar song, each verse of which begins with " " !
Green-gravel, green-gravel
342
longing.
GREENING,
GREENLEIGHTON,
a foolish person.
It is
to people who make ridiculous action.
a place-name, also a name applied to used in a mild or jocular way of rebuke a foolish remark or indulge in some
GREEN-LENNART,
chloris.
the green linnet or greenfinch, Ligurinus
GREEN-MOOD,
slime
confervoid growth in the water, the green found in streams in hot weather. commonly
GREEN-PLOVER,
the lapwing or peesweep.
GREEN-TOP-YALLA,
Dale's hybrid turnip.

fly.
GREENWELL,
See next.
trout
a salmon
So
called from its inventor.
GREENWELL'S-GLORY,
fly,
the
name
invented by
Canon
of a celebrated artificial Greenwell, well-known to
Border anglers.
GREESH,
grease.
GREESHY,
greasy.
See CREESHY.
GREET
weep
or greeten), to cry, to fret, to (p.t., grat; p.p., gratten or bewail piteously.

great, large.
GREET,
" " duplication greet big in describing anything of very great size.
The
is
common
GREET, GRIT>
"
,
kind, friendly, companionable.

fain to get greet wi'
J.
Young Johnny was
wor Sal." P. Robson, The KUtliri Legacy, 1848.
GREEVE, GRIEVE,
an overseer, an under-steward. It is generally applied to a resident agent who has charge of

property in his locality.
GREEVESHIP, the district under the charge of a greeve. GREG. In the game of " spell and oar," to " greg a sack " was
to pretend to seek it, but to walk, into the earth out of sight and to
it
upon
it
and
gveg or drive
it
come afterwards and take
away.
GRESSOM, GRYSSOM, GIRSOME,
an ingoing fee on entering upon the rental or renewal of the lease of fields. (Obs.)
343
GREW,
GREY,
" "
a greyhound.
grceg,
From Anglo-Saxon a badger. from his colour. Compare BROCK.

Gray as a badger." Proverb. Gray, a wild beast call'd a badger."
gray
(in colour)
Bailey.
GREY,
a greyhound. From Icelandic connection with grey, a badger, above.
grey, a
dog.
It
has no
GREY, the young of the

nest of greys."
black grouse. In their callow condition they are gray in colour, and are commonly spoken of as "a
See GREY-HEN,
2.
GREY-BACK,
Corvtis comix.
or GREY-BACKED-CRAA, the hooded crow, Called also hoody and corby.
GREY-BEARD,
a brown stone-ware spirit bottle. It has a wide belly and a narrow neck, with a curling ear on one side and a man's face with flowing beard on the other. Once a familiar object in cottage homes, it is now found in the
cabinet of the collector.
GREY-BEDS,
the many-bedded alternations of sandy shales and shaly sandstones, generally micaceous, which form much of the main bulk of the Upper Carboniferous series. Professor G. A. Lebour, Geoloay of Northumberland and Dtwham,
ed. 1889, p. 40. "Grey-beds, arenaceous shale, generally grey or buff-coloured. Hugh Miller, Geology of Otterburn and Elsdon, Geological Survey Memoir, 1887.
GREY-BORD, GREY-BIRD,
the song thrush, Turdus mucicus. Called also mavis, thrissel-cock, and throssel, but never spoken of as the thrush in Northumberland. By thrush the missel thrush is always understood.
a strange and evil
grey-gate
GREY-GATE,
"Aye,
he's
way
ee
gyen a
sin
or course of conduct. left us" said of a
prodigal.
GREY-GLED,
cinereus.
the hen harrier, Circus cyaneus, Linn.

or
GREY-GOOSE,
WILD-GOOSE,
the grey-lag goose, Anser
GREY-HEN,
the black grouse, Tetrao
tetrix.
Called
also
black-cock, black-game,
and brown-hen.
GREY-HEN,
c
a large stone-ware bottle,
344
See GREY-GOOSE.
GREY-LEG.
GREY-LENNART,
the linnec, Cannabiita linota, Gucelin. This species has the breast sometimes red, sometimes grey, and consequently, a few years ago, individuals so differing were described as two species, and named respectively the brown and grey linnet. Males never regain the red on the breast after moulting. John Hancock, Birds of Northumberland and
p. 53.
Durham,
GREY-MEAL,
grey colour.
oatmeal.
a slightly silicious indurated clay of a light
GREY-METAL,
See GREY-BEDS.
grey metal, very silicious and gritty.
a sprinkling, a smirch.
GREY-METAL-STONE,
Compare GRIME.
"
GREYMIN, GRIMIN, GRYMING,

The sun was na
It
up, but the

o'
moon was down,

fa'n
was the gvyming
new
snow." The Ballad of Jamie
Telfer.
GREY-POST,
Brockett.
sandstone of a grey colour.

coarse
mill
GREY-STONES,
stones,
for
common
meal.
See GREY-MEAL.
a very hard, dirty,
GREY-WHIN,
GRICE,
GRIG,
a
brown quartzose stratum.
little pig.
a cricket, a
merry companion.
GRIME, the black ashes upon wood which are in a state between soot and charcoal. Any black smudge is called a gnme mark. Lignite, or wood coal, is sometimes called
grime.
GRIME,
to blacken with grime, to smirch with soot or any black substance. Hence, a grimin is a smirch.
to grind the teeth.
GRINCE,
GRINDSTONE-SILL, m
the thick sandstones whence the celebrated Newcastle grindstones are cut. It is on the whole i fane grained, moderately hard, light-yellow stone but it is places porous enough for the manufacture of filter stones, which were formerly extensively made from it
;
345
GRINSTAN,
GRIPE,
GRAIP.
grindstone.
See GRUNSTAN.
litter,
a pronged lifting fork for dung,
coke.
See
GRIPE,
GRIPE,
a drain.
See GRUP.
;
to grip, to clutch
p.t. grap, p.p. gruppen.
GRIP-GRASS, the Galium aparine of Linnaeus; familiar as it clings to and climbs up the hedge side, or grips and holds to .the dress of any one touching it. Its familiarity is shown by the various names under which it is known, among which are Robin, or Lizzy-run-the-hedge, RoUn-nm-the-dike, bluid tongue, or tongue bluiders. It is elsewhere called goose grass, but in Northumberland that term is applied to the little silverweed, Potentilla anserina, and to the quaking grass, Briza media.
GRIPY,
grasping, avaricious. speckled.
GRISLY,
GRIT,
"
See GRIZZLED.
He
pith, as applied to a man's mind, robust character. hes some grit in him."
GRIZZLED,
speckled with black and white.
GROANIN,
a lying-in; sometimes called the cryin-oot. Groanin-breed, or groanin-cyek, is the cake provided on the occasion. Groanin-chair, the chair on which the matron is set after a child-birth to receive her gossips and friends. Groanincheese, cheese to be eaten with the cake prepared for the It was on the same gossips at a woman's confinement. occasion a custom to brew as much groanin-ma.lt as was required to serve round with the other items of the birth time.
GROATS,
fragments of broken food, such as are

in the byre.
left
when kept
by
cattle
GROGRAM.
stiffened with
" Stuff
"
gum."
of silk
Grograin, a coarse kind of silk taffety, usually HalliweWs Diet.

'
made
and hair."
Bailey.
GROIN, GRUIN, GROYNE, the snout of a pig.Brockett. A breakwater or pier of piles projecting from the shore to
deflect the wash of the sea, or otherwise to protect the land from erosion. The fork of the body or thigh. Bare groins
are naked thighs.
In the last sense compare GRAIN.
346
a growl.
GROONGE,
GROOP,
Newcastle.
See GROUNGE.
a drain, as the Gaol Groop,
now
the Javel Groop, in
See GRUP.
the hawfinch, Coccothraustes vulgaris.
It is
GROSBEAK,
GROSSER,
" Grocer.
a grocer.
constantly pronounced grosser in

Todd.
sylvestris,
Northumberland.
Grossers, groceries.
This should be written grosser."
GROUND-ASH,
the wild angelica, Angelica
Linn.
Called alsojeelico.
GROUND-COAL,
also bottom coal.
the lowest portion of a seam of coal.
Called
GROUNGE,
GROUSIN,
chilled or
"
to growl as a dog.
Brockett.
used to describe the feeling of the skin when under the influence of severe cold.
chill before
Togrowze,to be
the beginning of an ague-fit."
Ray, 1691.
GROUT,
GROVE,
to run in thin fluid lime
between rubble stones.
a groove.
GROVE, GROVE-HOLE, MOUTH-GROVE,
an adit level
driven in from the surface for coal or fire-clay. Sometimes this is called a grove-hole, but the common term is a drift. A See grove-seam is a bed of coal worked by an adit level.
GRAIF and GRAF.

"
coal."
Mouth-groves are short levels, generally entering upon the crop of a Hugh Miller, Geology of Otterburn and Ehdon, 1887.
GROVER,
syllables.
a miner
in
The word
who works in an adit level or a lead mine. West Tyne is pronounced greaver, in three
See GRAIF.
to growl.
fit.
GROWEL,
GROWZE,
GROZER,
to be chill before the beginning of an ague Scotch, grue, growe, groue.Jamiescn. See GROUSIN.
a gooseberry, the fruit of Ribes grossularia. is said to "Jump like a cock at a grozer." N. Northumberland the term is grozet.
An
In
eager person
347
GRUBBER, GRUB-SCUFFLER,an
implement, with broadfaced curved teeth, used for cleaning drill crops. It is furnished with " stilts," or handles, like a plough. It is a modern improvement upon the old wooden scufflev.
GRUFF, to snatch. See GRUMPHEY. GRUFF-NOR-STYE. See BUFF-NOR-STYE.
GRUMEL, GRUMLE,
In words like grumble, to grumble. jumble, stumble, humble, tumble, rumble, mumble, &c., the b is silent.
GRUMLY, fault-finding, grumbling. GRUMMET, an iron thimble shaped like a U. GRUMPHER, to clear the voice. GRUMPHEY, GRUMPY, surly, bad-tempered;
disposition.
of a piggish
Grumphey, a pig.
to snatch craftily.
GRUMPHEY,
To
grnmphey marbles
is
to
clutch and steal the pool suddenly.
GRUN, GRUND,
ground, the earth.
GRUND,
gnmnen
is still
to grind, to grate or make a grinding noise. occasionally in use.
The p.p.
GRUN-DAVY,
ground
ivy, Nepeta glechoma, Bentham.
GRUND-FOOR, "
the last foor (furrow) in a lea-rig. After the takin-up foor" (the last full furrow) is turned, the plough returns and takes a light furrow back. This narrows the open furrow and is called the grund-foor. Stubble, generally speaking, is not grund-fcor'd. It is only so when wanted for sowing, and is, properly speaking, ploughed with a sub-soil furrow.
GRUNDIT,
grounded, foundered. Any animal or a cannot stand is described as grundit.

[N.]
,
man
that
GRUNDY-SWALLOW
GRUNSEL
[S.]
the
common
groundsel, Senecio vulgaris, Linn.
GRUNSTAN, GRUNSAL, GRINSTAN,
GRINSIN, a grindstone. The very common proverb tells us that "A Scot, a rat, and a Newcastle gvnnstan are found in every part of the world."
34.8
to grunt or
GRUNTLE,
"
grumble
sullenly.
gruntl'd like a 1686, p. 45.
He
sow
wi' piggs."
G. Stuart, Joco-Senous Discourse,
GRUNTY, discontented. GRUP, GRUAP, GREAP, GRIPE, GROUP,
the
place
between the double rows of stalls in cowhouses for receiving It is also applied to stables built in the the dung and urine. manner of cowhouses, but single.
;
GUDDLE,
in
a favourite pastime to catch fish with the hands Rede water and Coquetdale. Gumph and thrimmel have the same meaning, The process is also called ticklin or kitlin.
GUDGEON,
on which a moves.
.
a pivoted axle, sometimes removable, as the axle bell swings or the trunnions on which anything
GUESS,
Familiar now as an to suppose, to believe. " "/ It is curious to find Americanism. guess innocently used in a Newcastle book of the seventeenth century.
"/ guess they've heard what this day's vote is, We'll paik their hides, let them take notice." G. Stuart, Joco-Serious Discourse, i686 p. 43.
;
GUESSING-STORY,
nights in
conundrum
or riddle.
many country houses were passed by
The winter the fire-light, The guessing

-
and guessing -stories often relieved the graver talk. stones had a narrative form, and were not mere
*
puzzles in a sentence. Such a one as the following is a common instance Clink, clank doon the bank, ten again fower, splish, splash in the dish, till it run ower." Answer, the milking of a cow. Both hands are required that is, ten fingers against the four teats. Another " As green as grass, as white as milk, and bearded like a pard." Answer, a turnip.
: :
GUEST,
ghost
an incorrect spelling.
a
See GEYEST and
BAR-GUEST.
GUESTIN,
GUFF,
hospitable
welcome,
warm
Brockett, as guesting.
reception.
a foolish,
silly,
or ignorant person, generally the latter.
GUGGLE,
GUIDE,
tendon
is
to gurgle
the sound of a stream or of liquid.
a tendon or muscle. dislocated.
"The
guides off"
that
is,
the
349
"
GUIDE,
to treat, to use.
"
Weel
guided:'
Badly
guided."
GUIDES, the
of a pit shaft run.
framework or the ropes stretched down the sides on which the ascending and descending cages
old wethers kept on purpose to guide and
GUIDE-SHEEP,
direct the flocks.
GUILD,
uproar, confusion.
Compare GILD.
GUILD-BELL,
the bell which summons the meeting of the Newcastle Freemen. The assembly of the Incorporated Companies is announced by the tolling of the great bell ("the major," of St. Nicholas' Church), just as the same bell tolls for the death or funeral of some person of
importance.
GUIZARD, GUIZART, GUIZER, a

GUIZEN,
to dry
masquerader, a
mummer.
Compare FULL-PLOUGH and SWORD-DANCERS.

up with drought or
thirst.
See GIZEN.
GULLET,
water.
running
an open fissure or orifice in a stratum discharging Gullety hole in a stream bed is a narrow fissure into a chasm.
a
GULLION,
mean wretch.
Bvockett.
GULLMA,
GULLY,
GULPIN,
the guillemot.
See WULLEMOT.
a large knife.
a greenhorn, a credulous simpleton.

to touch and feel gently, as in the attempt by the hand as boys gumping under stones in a trout. See also GUDDLE, THRIMMEL, TICKLE, and
;
GUMP, GUMPH,
to catch fish
burn for KITTLE.
GURL,
storm.
to hurtle with a
moaning sound, as the wind does
in
See GORL.
the gurnard.
GURNALD,
GUST,
to taste.
Rothbury.
" Gust yor ain gob," do not be beholden to anybody.
GUT,
a narrow stream, a straitened place. gut at Hexham now Hallgate.

;
There was Halig
350
a voracious eater.
gluttonous, fond of his belly.
GUT-HALLION,
GUTSY, GUTTY,
GUTTER-SNIPE,
Bonaparte,
Heater.
the
is
common
This bird
snipe, Gallinago also called the mire-snipe
and
scolopacinus, heather-
GUY,
a young cow.
See QUEY.
GUZZLE
that
[N.] , to throttle. " Aa'll guzzle ye directly." Spittal.
GWONNY
is,
JOKESANE'S DAY, the ayth day of October The farce of the day after Ovingham October fair. proclaiming a mayor of the village was gone through on this
day.
Compare under DUNT,
i.
;
" It has been so called since the recollection of the eldest living why so is not known." Richardson's Table Book, Leg. Div., 1846, vol. Hi.,
p 200.
GY-CARLING,
GYE,
crooked.
to gape.
a sort of mischievous elf
who
guides astray.
See JYE.
GYEP, GYET,
or
YETT,
a gate, a roadway, a street.

hills.
GYLE,
GYLE,
a hollow between
wort.
See GOWL.
GYLE-FAT,
worked.
a wort vat or tub.
The
vessel in
which
ale is
GYTE,
the spawn of herrings. herring gyte fouls the nets.
During the fishing season the
GYZEND,
parched.
See GIZEN.
formerly written hw as hwa', modern who. The aspirate is preserved in the word hit (it), the neuter form of he, and in buz (we or us.)
the aspirate h is always emphasized in Northumberland, and is used with the nicest discrimination. t is especially sounded in which, whe, when, and in all words
The
so "nd of
HAABT CK i
'
of the lyne, 1849,
an uncouth fellow. under hawbuck.
J.
P. Robson, Gloss,
to
Bards
351
H AA-CORN-BEER,
HAAD, HAD,
river
a certain quantity of barley, paid by the tenants of Amble to the lord of the manor, formerly for the use of the monastic cell there.
the hold or retreat of a fish under a projecting
bank
(brae).
HAAD, a grasp. HAA-HOOSE, a

from the hinds'
See HAD.
farmer's house. It is always distinguished as the hinds' cottages are called.
a disease of the eye.
hooses,
HAAK, HAAK, HAAL,
or
HOWK,
a hawk.
sometimes pronounced without the
the pronunciation alike of hall and haul. final /, as haa.
The former
HAA-MAIDEN,
Linn.
a maid servant in the farmer's house, in contradistinction to a hind's maiden.
H AA-TREE, H AW-TREE, the hawthorn, Cratcegus, oxyacantha,

The
fruit is called haas
and
cat-haas.
HABER-NATEL, oatmeal cake. See HABNAB, anyhow, in random fashion.

HACK,
a pick-axe.
[S.],
HAVER.
HACK
[N.] a muck fork having three or four which are bent at a right angle to the handle. It is used for drawing litter out of cattle lairs and similar " This implement places, and is sometimes called a drag." is probably peculiar to Northumberland, and is called a " teeming" hack, as it is used in emptying (teeming). There is also a "filling" hack, which is like a four or five-pronged fork bent at the neck to an angle of forty-five degrees with the shank. Both "teeming" and "filling" hacks are used when working among manure. Compare GRAIP.
,
HAWK
tines or teeth
HACK,
or
a surface fissure or chap in the skin produced by cold Black hackt Hacked hands are chapped hands. is applied to hands where from work and dirt the hacks have become black. A deeper fissure than a hack is called a
work.
"keen."
HACK-CLAY, a whitish
sort of clay, found in Northumberland moors, as on the sides of the road about Ottercops and It is tough, unctuous, of a whitish (colour), and Raylees. like rotten clay (or) like that of the decomposed granite kind found in Somersetshire. Hodgson MS.
35 2
HACKER BERRY, HACK-BERRY-TREE, the bird cherry a name for the shrub
Prunuspadus, Linn.
Hack-wood
is
itself,
and
hacker, hack,
and hagberry are names
for its fruit.
HACKLE,
an iron comb with very long, sharp-pointed, round The short fibres, teeth used for "teasing" hemp or flax. are combed out and held by the hackle. Hackler, called tow, a hemp or flax dresser. See HECKLE.
as the long pointed a crest of feathers or hair " bonny reed hackle' of the feathers on a cock's neck [the on a dog's back. angler] or the ridge
;
1
HACKLE,
,
HACKSPYEL,
a useless joiner or cartwright.

the place where bricks are laid out to dry in a (Obs.)
,
HACKSTEAD,
brick garth.
HAD, HAAD
[W.-T.] [N.] [T.] " " To tyek had is to take hold grasp, a hold on anything. " " Let's hev a haad together let us wrestle together.
,
HAUD, HOD
HOAD
of.
HAD AW AY,
" Hadaway wi' ye." Or, equivalent to begone. " " as an exhortation of encouragement, equal to go on," hold to an oarsman. Howay is on," as in the "Hadaway Harry" to come. equivalent
the
p.t.
HADDED,
"
of hold.
He
hadded horses for ha'pennies." J. P. Robson, Days and Deeds of Shakspere, 1849.
HADDEN,
the p.p. of hold, is used in the sense of held by necessity; as "He's hard hadden" or "He's sair hadden" " Hoo are ye hodden ?" means how hardly held, sorely held. are you held, how is your health, or your condition, or your It is an idiom always suggesting an environment ailment. of difficulty or necessity.
HADDER, heather. See HEDDER and HATHER. HADDER-UP, holder-up the name for a plater's
;
helper in
an iron shipbuilders' yard.
HADDIN,
holding.
"
He was
haddin on for bare life."
HADE,
intersects strata.
a sloping place, the slope or angle at which a fault In mining (lead) it is applied to the slope of a vein from the perpendicular.
353
a
HADFASH
HAD-OFF
HADSEE,
had-tyul
;
[S.],
HODEFASH
[W.-T.],
bothersome,
troublesome person.
!
See HAD-TYUL.
hold off keep back. It is the caution shouted by a putter when coming on with a full tub and about to meet The latter must get out of the way. a returning empty tub.
hold so
stop so.
" Fill up (the glass) an' hadsee."
HAD-TYUL
used.
"He's a reg'lar [S.], a troublesome person. aa wish he'd stop at hyem." Hadfash is similarly
"
HAD-TYUL,
"
to hamper, to hinder. See TEALY-TOOM.
Whe are ye haddin-tyul ?"
HAD-WEEL,
Ane
o'
a miserly person.
Proverb.
HadweeVs kind."
HAD-YOR-WHISHT,
commoner
expression.
,
hold your tongue.
Had-yor-gob
is
the
HAEL
[N.]
whole.
HAFFIT,
the side of the head.
HAFFITS,
the undersides of the jaw. a clout tied round a hurt finger.

haffled
HAFFLE, HUFFLE,
H AFFLE,
to
To be to stammer, to prevaricate, to falter. be confused. Raffle has almost the same meaning.
HAG,
a certain division of wood intended to be cut clearing or cutting down of timber.

;
down
HAG, HAGG,
"
a fenced place a wood into which cattle are not admitted. Hodgson MS. Seven place-names in Northumberland have this ending. Compare HAY and HAIN.
The
round."
hays or hags of former ages were grounds that were hedged Hodgson's Northumberland, pt. ij., vol. ij., p. 176.
HAG, HAGG, PEAT-HAG,

mass
of peat forming
or
MOSS-HAG,
projecting
an escarpment on a peat moor, or the peat on high moors left by edges of water gutters. These hags form miniature ravines on the surface.
a mist, and similar to dag.
HAG,
Hodgson
MS.
Compare
HAG,
SAG.
the belly
Northumberland.
HalliweWs Diet.
HAG,
the
to
wane.
full.
The muin Compare HADE.
"
is
haggin
"the moon
a
has passed
HAGAMANAY, HAGMANAY, HOGAMANY,

gift.
new
year's
See HOGAMANAY.
HAG-BERRY, HEG-BERRY, HACKER-BERRY, HACKBERRY, the fruit of the bird cherry, Prunus padus. HAGGER-MAKER'S-SHOP, a public house. Brocket*. HAGGER'T, beggared. "He wis fair hagger't"he was
completely beggared.
when
cleared out,
is
In boys' games the loser at marbles, said to be hagger't.

tripe
HAGGISH, HAGGISH-MEAT,
HAGGISH,
"
minced small.
to cut up.
gox, 'fore aw's
By
J.
duen ye'll be haggished eneuf." P. Robson (d. 1870), A Cut at Wor Toon.
HAGGISH,
"
a contemptuous term, equivalent to the expression
you baggage."
the blind
HAG- WORM,
worm
or slow
worm, Anguis
vol.
iii.,
fragilis.
See Richardson's Table Book, Leg. Div.,
p. 15.
H AID-CORN,
HAIGLE,
iglin
the plants of HalliwelFs Diet. Compare
wheat
in winter
Northumberland.
HARD CORN.
"
to carry with great difficulty. wi a greet bunch o' sticks."
Here she comes

a goal.
HAIL,
a goal at football.
3.
To
kick hail
is
to
make
See
HALE,
HAIL,
to pour (verb intransitive), as perspiration does during severe exertion.

or
HAIM-STICKS,
HAIN,
HAIMS.
See HAME-STICKS.
to keep back, as thrifty people do in husbanding their A man hains his food or drink to make it go as resources. far as possible. man takes work easily and hains himself in order that his strength may endure to the end of the
day. has gone through a long life and presents a fresh said to be " weel hained." A grass field kept appearance back from pasture till late in summer is said to be hained.
A man who
is
HAINCH,
the haunch.
355
striking the
HAINCH, HENGE,
to throw a stone against the haunch bone and throwing This is called hainchin.
by
it
hand
with high trajectory.
HAINING,
HAIR,
a fenced place.
Hodgson
MS.
a small quantity of anything, as " a hair of salt," " a

Bvockett.
hair of meal."
HAIRN,
the brain.
Nearly out of use except by old people.
See HARNS.
HAIR-TEEMSEY,
a hair timse; a fine sieve with a grating of hair cloth, used in households for sifting fine flour.
HAIRY-HOOBIT, HAIRY-OOBIT, HAIRY-WORM,

" It
the hairy caterpillar. The term is sometimes applied to a showy, See OOBIT. helpless character.
was an
A feckless hairy oubit,
hairy oubit, sae
proud he crept alang, and merrily he sang."

Charles Kingsley, The Oubit.
HAIVERIL,
HAIZY,
a loose talker.
(?
See HAVERIL.
Hasty.)
hasty, excitable.
to sneak or loiter.
to pull or draw.
HAKE,
HALE,
Ray.
See HAAL.
HALE,
HALE,
whole.
See HEYEL.
the goal at football. kick hale is to win the game.
To
hale is to drive to goal.
To
" At Rothbury, the custom of football-play on Shrove Tuesday had been observed from time immemorial until the year 1867. The hale or goal of the Thropton men was the bridge over the Wreigh at Thropton." D. D. Dixon, Shrove-tide Customs, p. 3.
HALF-A-TRAM,
one of two that manage a colliery tram.

half-drunk.
and canty hyem we gat."
T. Wilson, Pitman's Pay, 1829,
pt.
iii.,
HALF-COCKED,
"
HalJ-cock'd
v. 82.
HALFERS,
a cry amongst children claiming half of anything that has been given or found. When an article has been lost, a lad guards against the claim for average by calling " Ne If he finds out, lossie, findie, seekie, keepie." halfers
;
it
after this
he
is
supposed to be
its
undivided owner.
356
HALF-HECK, the lower half of a door. HALF-LANG-PLOO, a plough of medium "

A
short-ploo is a plough with a long mould board. ploo the two. is a short metalled one. half-lang is between
length. "
"
lang"
HALF-MARROW,
manage
a coal
one of two boys, of about equal age, who mine tram.

for nothing.
.HALF-NABS,
good
Compare HABNAB.
HALF-NOWT,
" little or nothing. Half-nowt cheese," in the Pitman's Pay, is the description of the cheapest kind of that article as sold by hawkers or street vendors.
HALF-ROCKED,
mind
;
weak applied to a male person of rather the imputation on his infirmity is that he had not been properly attended to in his cradle.
the water shaft in a colliery.
Compleat Collier,
1708, p. 21.
HALF-SHAFT,
HALF-SHOON,
old shoes with the toes cut
off.
HALF-WARK,
shift
;
half through the day's half-time employment through
work the middle of a bad trade.

;
HALF-WAXED,
" " A is a lad in half-grown. half-waxed lad the stage between boyhood and manhood. " A hobbledehoy nouther a man nor yit a boy."
is so-called, it being of about that thickness, but is generally good coal, and better than the three-quarter coal, yet being so low to work in (or but of that small thickness), it is scarce worth while to work it." J. C., Compleat Collier, 1708, p. 16.
HALF- YARD COAL, "which
H ALLAN,
the young of the coalsay, or coal-fish, in their
second stage of growth, when they are about five inches in See COALSAY. length.
HALLAN, HALLEN, HOLLIN,
the partition or screen
between the door and the fire-place, frequently made of wicker-work, and plastered with clay, extending from the front door of a cottage to within the width of a door of the back wall. (Obs.)
H ALLEN-SHAKER, an impudent, presuming beggar.
(Obs.)
357
HALLIDAY,
holiday.
a romp, a hoyden.
[N.], a
HALLIG1T, HALLIGATE,
HALLINES,
Pronounced
or
HALINESS
(Obs.)
Sunday holiday walk.
in three syllables.
HALLINGS,
tapestry.
HALLION,
a contemptible person, a clumsy fellow.

"
'
H ALTON SHIELDS.
all
Like the man
at
Halton Shields'
was a saying that was common a while ago. This celebrated personage set off on a journey, and after travelling laboriously
night, found himself at his own back door next morning." Dr. Bruce, Handbook to Roman Wall, 1884, p. 57.
-HAM,
Anglo-Saxon ham. This word occurs about thirty-seven times as an ending to place-names in Northumberland. Nine of the hams are prefixed with " ing," giving the termination
of -ingham. They are Belling/bw, Belting^w, Edling/^w, Egling/kiw, EllingAtfw, Eltring#0w, Ovingham, Whitting/Mwz, and Chillmgham. All these, except the last one, are spoken In three cases there are as injam. [Qvinjam, lE>e\\injam, &c.] hams and "tons" with identical prefixes, namely: ILllmgham,
Ellington, WhittingA^w, Whittington, Ovingham, Ovington. In later spellings, ham has in cases become " comb." Thus
Wink-tez-lee
is
Wincomblee, and Yek-ham

Roman
(or
Oak-ham)
is
now Acomb.
"
folk
When
who
heard, along the

ipsis
Wall, such names as
and Oving/taw sounded with a

are Westsaxonibus
soft g, surely, I said in
my
heart, here are
Westsaxonicres."
Freeman, English Towns
and
Districts, p. 448.
HAME
[N.],
home.
See HEYEM, HYEM.

the arms that hold the
HAME-STICKS, HYEM-STICKS,
traces to the collar in a horse's gear.
HAMMER, "
and to pay " both mean the same thing drubbing or beating to an adversary.
of the handle
To 'hammer to strike in a fight, to beat in fighting. to give a thorough

an implement having a hammer on one and an axe on the other. Bvockett.
side
HAMMER-AXE,
coat
HAMMER-CLAAD," like
is still
called a
formerly
common,
the claws of a nail hammer. A tail hammer-claad cwoat." This " taily cwoat," is now rarely seen in outdoor wear.
35 g
stone faced with a pick or pointed
HAMMER-DRESSED,
hammer.
HAMMER-HEEL,
the hand.
the portion of the face of a
hammer
next
HAMMER-NOSE,
the portion of the hammer face opposite to the helve, the "heel." When a hand hammer is held up by " to the observer, of its " face placed opposite and the flat disc the lower, or the upper portion of the disc is the nose, and towards the helve, is the "heel/' The pointed end portion " peen." of the hammer head is called the a sheepish or cowardly person. of the game breed
HAM MY,
In cock-fighting, a
;
hammy was a bird not

ran away.
one that fought and
HAMSHACKLE,
hams
or forelegs.
to fasten the
Brockett.
head of an animal to one of

See HANTLE.
its
H ANCLE,
HAND,
a great many. "
Bwckett.
HAND, HAN.
To
put hand to paper
"to write.
front
the fore upright of a gate.
"Hand and bar"
and back uprights.
See HAR.
" " Belford hand," Ooler hand."
HAND, HAN,
neighbourhood.
HAND-A-WHILE, now
and then.
HANDBRAED, handbreadth. HANDBUN, handbound also

;
used to express a great want of

!
An old bird fancier named Dick Cubbert (Cuthbert) Aa's when asked how he was getting on, replied, " Middlin
anything.
fair
handbun for the want

"
o'
Jack" (jackdaw).
at particular
HANDED.
Weel
handed
"clever
work.
covering
HAND-HATS,
a kind of glove made of thick only the palm of the hand and the fingers.
or
felt,
HAND-PUTTER, "
BARROWMAN,
;
in a colliery,
one
who
puts" without the assistance of a pony.
HANDSPYAKES,
PIKE HANDLES.
handspikes pieces of wood with handles, used for carrying coffins from the hearse to the church, and from the church to the grave, in country places. Compare
359
is
HANDSTAFF, "
called the
soople
the handle of a flail. " or " swingle."

a turn of work.
The moveable end
HANDSTURN,
HAND-TIED,
waving
unable to leave a job you are engaged

"
in,
HAND-WAVE, to
HANDY,
" streek a measure of corn with the hand by or passing the fingers over it to leave good measure. a hand-basin
;
" also a small " skeel used for baling or for laving water from a well.
HANDY-DANDY,
HANG. HANG,
a child's game.
See HING and following words.
a snare for catching rabbits of very fine wire or hair.
and hares
a noose
made
H ANG- A-BAAK,
HANG-CHOICE,
used on
field or
a gallows bird, one ripe for the gallows
for
hanging from a balk.
no
difference.
HANGER, HINGER,
a hinge-pin for a gate; as generally
garden gates.
HANGEREL,
a piece of wood, with a bend in the middle, and It is used for notches on the upper side at each end. suspending a pig or other animal after it is killed. a
lazy,
HANG-GALLOWS,
Compare HANG-A-BAAK.
good-for-nothing
fellow.
HANG-LOCK,
a padlock;
still
used, but probably obsolescent.
HANGY-BANGY,
HANK,
a habit.
a big lazy fellow, a good-for-nothing.
Brockett.
The same
as
HANT.
HANKELT, hobbled, entangled. HANKER, to hesitate in speech, to speak with an impediment. HANKLE, to entangle, to ravel. HANNIEL, a lout; a loose, idle, or perverse fellow; a goodfor-nothing.
360
handcuffs.
;
HAN-SHECKLES,
HAN-SPAN, very HANT, a habit.
HANSHUN, a wicked grunt

heartily.
a savage
way of
feeding like a pig.
HANT,
to haunt, to accustom, as a pigeon to its dovecot.
HANTLE, a quantity, ever so much, HANTY, wanton, unruly; spoken of

provender pricks him.
1691.
ever so many.
a horse or the like, when North-Country Words,
Ray,
Collection of
HAP,
an overcoat, or coverlet, or any extra article of clothing " " Put a or bed covering. hap on the bed put an extra on it. An ancient Scottish proverb says, " Hap and covering a halfpenny is warld's gear enough."
11
Becaus
With
to
their fatheris purelie
hap,
can begin and halfpenny, and a lamb's skin."

The Thrie Tailes of
the Thrie Priests of Peebles.
" HAP, heap up, to cover. They happed up the taties an' " had his fyece happed wiv a greet tornips wi straa."
He
comforter." "Hap weel up; it's a caad neet." " Gae hap him up i' his lang hame."
to bechance.
Poems, T. Donaldson, Glanton, 1809, P- 62.
HAP,
" Aa'll be there
o'
Monday
as
it
haps"
HAPPIN,
a very similar word, hippen. An impatient audience in the theatre expresses its disgust at " the delay in raising the curtain by cries of Hoist the hien:
is
1
a coverlet.
There
HAR,
the upright pieces of a gate the fore har. Middle
known
English
herre,
as the back har a hinge.
and
HAR, moist, damp. HAR, a sea fret, a drizzling rain or fog. HAR, an army. HARSHIP, or HEARSHIP, an armed raid. into the names of several places in NorthumberCenters land as
//^low-hill, Harbottle, Herpzth (the name of a road dividing the township of Ray and Kirkwhelpington). Hcrfieth and Urpeth are apparently synonymous words
361
" Thor's a lot been a grand
HARBERANCE,
o'
rattins this year harberance for them."
harbourage, good shelter. the rough stubbles

;
is
HARD,
a firm foreshore, used for beaching vessels.

(p.k.
HARD
of hear), heard.
"
Aa
hard ye
wor comin."
HARD-CORN,
wheat and
rye.
HARDEN,
HARDEN,
dear.
a coarse cloth made from tow or hemp. Also applied to the tarred tow or oakum used for caulking the seams of ships. See HARN.
as
"the market hardens"

Collection of
Ray's
that is, North- Country Words.

nigra, Linn.
things
grow
HARD-HEEDS,
horse-nobs.
knapweed, Centaurea
Called also
HARDISH,
there when doot."
pretty hard.
" He'd hardlies hardly, scarcely, barely. getten " Ye's hardlies catch the it happened." train, aa
HARDLIES,
HARDY, HARDEY,
in a
a fixed, shouldered chisel, placed upright square hole in the blacksmith's anvil, upon which he
cuts hot iron.
HARDY NUT,
a boyish game played with beech nuts pierced with a hole for a string. Each alternately aims a blow at his opponent's nut so as to break it.
HAREHOOND,
It is
the plant horehound, Marrubium vulgare, Linn. found in waste places on rocks and links at Bamborough, Alnwick, Cullercoats, and Hexham island.
a hair
lip.
HARE-SHED,
HARISHER,
a large quantity;
used to express number in
disarrangement.
HARL, HAURL, an implement for A manure scraper, a col. roads.

are the
cleaning
mud
from the
names
of various
litter.
scraping
mud
Col, drag, hack and harl implements used in drawing or
or
HARL,
mud
to drag, to rake.
"To
harl the
road"
to rake the
off the road.
362
HARLE,
"in angling, is the feathery part on each side of the pen of a feather, and is particularly applied to that of the tail feathers of a peacock when employed in giving an iridescent appearance to the bodies of artificial flies, in which case it is " called peacock hark.' Hodgson MS.
'
HARLE,
Little Hark and West a heron or a heronry (?). Hark, townships in Northumberland, and Kirk Hark, parish in the same, give examples of harle, but whether related in any way to this word is doubtful.
to repeat mockingly.
HARM,
name
" Divvent harm
maa words."
cloth.
HARN, HAREN, HARDEN,

is
a coarse
hempen
The
sometimes applied to a coarse thread.
HARNESS-CASK,
a receptacle on board ship where the meat, after being taken out of the pickle cask, is kept ready for use. It is an upright cask with straight, tapering sides, narrowing to the top, which closes with a hinged lid and
padlock.
HARNS,
brains.
HARN-PAN,
brain-pan.
the herring.
HARRIN, HARRN, HEERIN,

HARRIN-GYTE,the
herring spawn found adhering to herring nets during fishing operations.

harsh.
to ravage.
HARRISH,
HARRISH,
HARROW.
The terms used in connection with a harrow are as follows Harrowbreeth, the breadth of a harrow as shown by the mark on the land over which it has been dragged harrow-bulls, the longitudinal beams of a harrow which contain the teeth; harrow-sheth, the transverse framework; harrowsHaikh, the shackle by which a pair of harrows are linked together; harrow-tree, the piece of wood by which the harrow is yoked. Attached to this is the double-tree, and to this are attached the single-trees to which the horses are yoked.
:
person.
"
RYGAD HARRYGOAT [Hexham], pvr A TT, AHADDIGAUD, a HARRYGAUD, T?A blackguard sort of
'
Brocket*.
Compare HALLIGIT.
rigsby, a wild girl."-Ray's Collection of North-Country Words, 1691.
363
HARTHSTAFF,
the
fire.
a blacksmith's tool for drawing scar from
HASH, HASH,
a sheep's lights boiled, then
minced small and stewed
with onions.
a sloven
;
one who talks hash or nonsense.
HASH,
to bruise.
To
hash corn
means
to partially grind
it.
Hashed oats are in common use for feeding purposes. The word is also used to denote injury to animals, as " The horse was gye sair hashed."
HASHY
[N.], wet, sleety.
Applied to the weather.
"
Eh
what a hashy day." Slushy, dirty. After snow begins to melt upon the ground it is, more especially if rain be falling, hashy The sea agitated by short turbulent waves is walking. termed hashy.
HASK,
the throat.
"Pap
o'
the hask"
the uvula.
See HASS.
HASK,
is
roughened, dried-up. Dry and parched. keen and parching. Hask lips are parched
A
lips.
hask
wind Hask is
applied to the sense of feeling when anything from its touch appears unpleasantly dry or hard. Hask coal is very
als
hard, brittle coal; or coal that

texture.
is
"winded"
or
woody
in
HASS, HAUSE,
the neck, the throat, the windpipe.

a necklet or collar.
HASS-BAND, HAUSE-BAND,
HASS-PIPE,
a hause-pipe on board ship. The wide hole through which the cable or hawser is run out.
"So called because made in the 'neck' of the ship." Concise Etymological Dictionary.
Prof. Skeat,
HASTENER,
a semi-circular tin screen placed behind meat in roasting before the fire, to keep the cold air off and hasten the cooking by reflected heat.
HASTY PUDDING, HYESTY PUDDIN,

HAT,
Hat p.t. of hit ; p.p. hutten or kitten. " Aa hat him he hut me." thep.t., as
;
oatmeal porridge.
hut are used in
and
"
Firing right manfully at her, He hat her betwixt the two lugs."
The Hare Skin.
364
a "
gate.
HATCH,
Hill."
Near
a wicket
or hatch at
Cockmount
Compare HALF HATCH.

heather,
Calluna
vulgavis.
HATHER, HADDER, common

Called also
ling.
See HEATHER.
Grey,
"In
"
this
North Country groweth plenty of hadder or ling."
Chorographia, 1649.
Erica, which is called in the North of England hather and ling. highest heath that ever I saw groweth in Northumberland, which high that a man may hide himself in it." Turner's Herbal.
The
is
so
HATTER,
to shake up, as
kattevt" is said of a
person circumstances generally.
who has had
on a rough road. " He wis sair a bad time of it in his
HATTY,
a game at leap-frog where each boy leaves his cap on " the back as he leaps over. The boy who " makes the back is called hatty. If a boy causes a cap to slip off as he leaps
he becomes
hatty.
HAUD,
The
to hold.
See HAD.
HAUGH, HAAF,
on a riverside
place-names.
;
alluvial flat or stretch of low-lying land haughs, Dilston haughs, Wide-hatigh. termination occurs forty-four times in Northumberland
an
Derwent
is
Haugh
"
rarely found south of the
Wear.
HAUNCH,
HAURL,
It is
to
speak sharply.
"
He
fair
haunched at me."
Also to snarl.
The dog
haunched at me."
a col or drag, such as is used for scraping a road. a kind of scraper with a long handle. See HARL.
HAUSE,
the neck, or throat.
See HASS.
HAVER,
kist,
oats, A vena sativa, Linn. Havermeal, oatmeal. Haveran oatmeal chest. Haver-cake, or haver-nettle, an oatmeal cake. A haversack was known to the ragged and tanned Borderer in righting trim, as it is to the modern soldier. To the Borderer, however, it was the oatmeal sack.
HAVER,
or nonsense. " or garrulous person, or a rambling or
HAVERS,
havers
"an incoherent
story.
wandering
HAVERIL HAVREL,
or HAIVERIL, a garrulous person, ougntless gossip, a noisy person with little sense.
HAW.
SeeHAA.
365
HAWK "
A
an implement or hand-tool for filling manure. [N.] teeming" hawk, an implement for unloading manure. See HACK.
,
HAWKIE,
the cow.
a white-faced cow.
"
Also a general pet-name

watter.
for
Ca Hawkie, ca Hawkie,, Ca Hawkie through the
Hawkie is a sweir beast, And Hawkie winna wade the watter."

Old Song.
HAWK-WEED,
Hievacium.
the
various
kinds
of the
plant family
HAY,
a place fenced round.

Hodgson's Northumberland,
rttbetra,
pt.
ii.,
"Hays or inclosures."
vol.
iii.,
p. 89.
HAY-CHAT,
HAZE,
" It hazes,
the whinchat, Pratincola
Linn.
to drizzle, to be foggy.
it
Brockett.
Bailey.
mizzles small rain."
HAZE-GAZE, a show in the A country cousin makes a

street.
sense of an exhibition of oneself. hase-gaze by staring about in the
HAZEL.
See HEZZLE.
sandstone generally of a kind too hard to chisel, or a tough mixture of sandstone
freestone mixed
HAZEL, HAZLE,
"
work freely under the and shale in a pit.

Strong red hazel
with
coal
spar."
Borings and
Sinkings, A.B., p. 159. " The sandstones denominated hazles
metamorphic appearance."
1890, p. 275.
have a highly crystalline and Richard Howse, Nat. Hist. 'Irans., vol. x.,
HAZEL-OIL,
is
chastisement with the rod, a severe beating.
HE, HEH, HAE, HEV,
As an auxiliary verb, have to have. " Aa'w been generally shortened to a mere v sound. there." When emphasis is required the aspirated form is used. See HEV, HEZ.
See HEED.
;
HEAD.
HEAD,
an eminence as Greeuhead, at the watershade between the Irthing and the Tippalt.
^66
the Sunday after Old
HEAD SUNDAY,
HEAN, HEEN,
Called also the
Midsummer Day.
the part of a plough

little heel.
which grips the sheth.
HEAP, HEUP,
BEATMENT.
"
a wicker basket, a dry measure somewhat See reference under correspondent to the beatment.Brockett.
Quarter of a pec\t."Halliwell.
HEAP,
a term applied to a slovenly woman, usually in combination with some other descriptive word, as
" She's just a gannin heap o' muck." T. Wilson, Pitman's Pay, 1826, pt.
i.,
v. 59.
HEAP-KEEPER, the man who overlooks

on the surface.
the cleaning of coals
Mining Glossary of Newcastle Terms, 1852.

the platform at a pit's level to allow the coals to
HEAP-STEED, HEAP-STEAD,
mouth elevated above the surface
be tipped over screens into waggons. The tubs are landed on the heap-steed and run to the screens.
HEARN
(the
same
as harn or harden"), a coarse cloth.
HEARSE,
hoarse.
HEARTGROUEN
(heart-grown),
having
spinal-curvature.
High-shouldered, short-necked people, with a broad chest and slightly round-shouldered whilst the other parts of the body are not in due proportion are said to be heartgrouen.
HEART-HYEL,
grand
in
good health.
"An' hoo are ye?"
"Oh,
just heart-hyel" relating to the spirits.
Heart-hyel is the equivalent of hearty, Hyel is also used when the bodily health is meant, as meat-hyel that is, in good bodily health. " Hoo are " ?" a'am
ye
Oh,
fine,
mea.t-hyel."
"
hal,
Hyel is English hale, which is simply from the Old Northumbrian the equivalent of Anglo-Saxon hal (whole)." Note by Professor Skeat.
HEART-O'-THE-HEARTH,
i, 800
the self-heal, a plant of many virtues, Prunella vulgaris, Linn. Everywhere common in grassy It has a range in altitude places. 1,500 feet on Cheviot and
feet
above Allenheads.
sorrell, leaf.
It is also called prince's feathers.
HEARTS, wood
the shape of the
Oxalis acetosella, Linn. Hearts, It is also variously known as
from
clover, ciickoo's meat,
gowk's meat,
and
sour clover.
367
Brockett.
HEART-SCAD,
grief,
vexation
the heartburn.
HEARTY.
water
is
Meal that swells much on being saturated with termed heayty.
HEAT,
a charge in a puddling or a ball furnace, a pile in a furnace ready for the forgeman, or a bar in a blacksmith's " Sittin' doon atween heats" that fire ready to weld. is, in the interval between the completion of one heat and the preparation of another.
HEATHER,
the northern name for heath generally. In Coquetdale and various other parts of Northumberland, when the word is used in a restricted sense, it is applied to the
common heath (Calluna vulgaris) only. Calhina vulgaris is the Erica vulgaris of the earlier botanists, and is sometimes called Erica tetralix and Erica cinerea are also known as bee-heather. heather, but when spoken of distinctively are (in the above The Calhina district, at least) invariably designated ling. Erica cinerea and vulgaris is also called he-heather and heath. See LING. Erica tetralix are called she and bell-heather.
HEATHER-BL EATER,
scolopacinus.
the
common
and
snipe,
Gallinago
It is also called mire-bleater
gutter -snipe.
common resident, breeding on the marshy moorland of both counties. The neighing or bleating of the snipe results from the action of the wings." John Hancock, Birds of Northumberland and Durham.
"A
HEATHER-BUZZOM,
HEATHER-COCK,
also ring blackbird.
besom made
of heather.
the ring ouzel, Turdus torquatus.
Called
HEATHER
it is also
LINTY,
the mountain linnet, Cannabina flavirostris.
HEATHER-WHIN,
HEAZE,
HEAZY,
to
the needle genista, Genista Anglica, Linn-
called moor-whin
and
moss-whin.
wheeze.
in breathing.
wheezy
;
HECK,
a rack
the food rack of horses and beasts.
HECK, HECK-DOOR,
the inner door between the entry, or lobby, and the house or kitchen. A half-heck is a door having an upper and lower half. The lower half is generally the Compare HATCH. portion closed by day.
368
turn to the
left
;
HECK,
the
command
to a horse.
HECK,
in husbandry, is to proceed in forming a rig by turning the horses to the left hand after it has been half finished by turning to the right. The first operation to the right is called "to gether" the second operation, by turning to the " " the rig. left, is called to heck or felly oot
;
HECK-BERRY,
BERRY.
the bird cherry, Prunus padus.
See HACKER-
HECKBOARD,
the loose and removable boa*rd at the back of a cart fixed to the " shilvins." It is fit in, and thus completes the square form of the cart.
HECKLE,
is
made from
"The bonny reed heckle," usually fly. the red feathers of a cock. Another artificial fly the black heckle or blaewing. See HACKLE.
an angler's
the shades below.
"
HECKLEBARNEY,
wi' ye!"
Can
to hecklebarney
HECKLER,
unsteadily
;
a bad tongued woman a boy's top when a good eater one with a good .appetite.
; ;
it
spins
HED
(a
variant of had),
p.t.
of have.
HEDDER, HADDER, HATHER, heather. HEDGEHOG, to break and turn up the ends of wire
HEDGE-KNIFE,
a hedging
bill.
rope.
HEDGE-RUT,
hedge root. To under the shelter of a hedge.

the hedge s P arrow called spowey and smotty.
>
sit
in the hedge-rut is to sit
HE ?i GjY>
HEE,
Prunella modularis.
It
is
also
high. HE-EST, highest. Hee-up, high up. Healey, a place-name occurs more than once in Northumberland. It is probably high lea (hee ley).
ln
/*"* a stree
Newcastle ^ also used to describe the as " Heed the side -" Jt is als
'
'
369
HEEDLAND, HEEDRIG, the rig or ridge
at the termination of both ends of the longitudinal rigs, or sometimes across the middle of a field in like fashion, when the field is divided The heedland or heedvig is the into two sheths or divisions. margin on which the horses turn with their implements when
This portion cultivating the soil. after the rest of the field is finished.
is
necessarily cultivated
HEEDS-AN-THRAAS,
tail to tail,
heads and
tails
head
to
head and
as herring are packed.

fore
HEED-SHEETS, the
work
their long oar.
deck of a keel on which the keelmen
HEEDSMAN, "
chief of a
the
"
name
in
North Tynedale
for the
head or
grain
or clan.
HEEDSMAN,
an elder lad, a putter. The heedsman was a lad of sixteen or seventeen, the elder of two engaged to put a tram where a single hand was not strong enough to put it without assistance. This arrangement was called a " tram of lads," and the younger lad was called a "foal," or, " One of these was yoked in front to familiarly, a foally." the tram by short ropes or " soams." Sometimes the heedsman was thus yoked whilst the "foally" put behind, and in other cases the positions were reversed. See FOAL.
a piece of wood about a foot long set across the head of an upright prop to support the
HEED-TREE, HEAD-TREE,
roof in a pit.
Compare CROWN-TREE.
the head-ache.
HEED-WARK,
a
wark
is
mere aching sensation, inasmuch as an inward pulsating or working pain.

cleat
it is
distinguished from always applied to
HEEDWIS, HEAD-WAYS, " " "

of the coal.
the ways in a pit driven with the " are exploratory Winning heedwis
headways, and when two " such are driven together they are " and " back headways. Compare BORD. called " fore
HEEDWIS,
pit
in a
forward direction, onward.
HEEDWIS-COURSE.
When a set of headings or walls in a extend from side to side of a set of "boards" they are said to be driven headways course.
370
HEEL,
also is
the rear point of a plough-sock is called the heel, so the bearance for a lever. any rear projection, such as In a plough, the little-heel, sometimes called the hean, is the part gripping the sheth. The last or extreme end of a of a loaf is the last piece of thing is called its heel. The heel Heel of the evening the latter the outside crust that is left.
part of the evening.
HEESTERIN,
See HEEZE.
a handle for hoisting or lifting.
(Obsolescent.)
HEEZE,
to rock with a swinging movement, to hoist, to " Aa The elevate. gat sic a heezin on the shuggy-shoe." familiar lullaby "Rock a by baby" was always rendered
" Heeze a ba babby on the tree top When the wund blaas the credle will rock."
;
HEFFER, to laugh vulgarly. HEFFERIN, laughing in an imbecile

HEFT,
heft is to let a
fashion.
to hold back, to hold to a place, or to
each other.
To
cow's milk increase for two or three days till her udder gets large and hard, as is done with milk cows taken to market. In that state they are said to be hefted. Another sense of the word is to become accustomed to and
settled in a place generally applied to sheep and cattle. To heft, to keep stock upon a certain pasture until accustomed to go there.
;
HEG,
to rue, to repent of doing a thing.
See HEN.
HEGG-BERRY.
See HECK-BERRY and HACKER-BERRY.

!
HEGH
or the stroke groan uttered by a blacksmith, or the expiration which emphasizes the delivery of a blow. Two men were engaged in working a heavy pavior's mell. One of them was asked if he did not find it very heavy work. " " it Yis," he replied, tyeks the two on us aal wor time. Me mate dis the mell an' aa de the huh /" See BLACKSMITH-OFKIND.
!
HUH
HE-HOLLY, HE-HOLLIN,
the holly, Ilex aquifolium, with When the leaves are without prickles pricks on the leaves. it is called she-hollin. See HOLLIN and SHE-HOLLIN.
to
HELL, HELLE,
See HAIL,
2.
pour out
in a rapid
manner.
Brockett.
37!
"
HELM,
as
it
the top (crest) or head of a thing. Helm o' the hill," used to be invariably called, is a considerable eminence on the old post road a few miles south of Felton. It commands a most extensive view on all sides, and appears as if it had been in olden times of some importance, for which its commanding situation eminently qualifies it. The helmwind is the phenomenon so familiar on the Cumberland border of South- Western Northumberland. It rushes with the greatest violence over the ridge of the Pennine range.
HELSUM,
wholesome, healthsome.
HELTER, HELTERHEED, a halter. HELTER-FOR-HELTER, an even " swap "

horses.
or exchange of
HELTERSHANK,
the rope from the "halter-heed" to the balance weight that hangs below the manger, and runs through an iron ring therein fixed.
;
HEMMEL,
made
a cattle shed. An outbuilding on a farm formerly of upright posts, with whin or broom interlaced, and a thatched roof; chiefly used in winter and the lambing season. The permanent hemmel, which forms a conspicuous feature in
Northumberland farm buildings, is surrounded by a fold yard, and has in front an arcade of massive masonry, The hemmel-eye is the frequently surmounted by a granary. archway or orifice giving access to the covered arcade. Four inhabited and four uninhabited place-names in Northumberland occur in combination with hemmel. Example, Red
Hemmels.
HEMP, HEMPY,
HEN,
a boisterous or mischievous boy.
" He seun kenned on't " to rue. tired of doing it.
he soon gave
it
up, or
HEN-BAAK, HEN-BALK, HEN-BOAK

roost, the balk or pole
[W.-T.]
hen
on which hens roost.
HEN-FLESH
GROUSIN.
[N.], the condition of the pores of the skin as " Goose's-flesh " is they stand up through extreme cold. also used as a term for this condition of the skin. Compare
HENGE, HAINCH,
"
to
throw underhand.
Jamieson.
To throw
stones by bringing the hand along the haunch."
372
or GLED, the Circus cyaneus, Linn. Town Moor. formerly bred on the Newcastle " It has now almost succumbed to the zeal of the gamekeeper. I have not seen a single individual for several years." John Hancock, Birds of
p. 19.
HEN-HARRIER,
It
GREY
Northumberland and Durham,
HENNA, HENNIT, have not. HENNY-PEN, HENNY-PENNY, HEN-PEN,

rattle,
the
common
or cock's crest rhinanthus. The form of hen-penny has been further changed to penny-wort, another name for the plant. Goivk's siller and gowk's sixpences are also terms for the capsules and the seeds of the plant. The rattle of the seeds gives the name of yellow rattle to it. The term gowk is said by Dr. Johnston to be given because, like a fool, it is unable to conceal its wealth through this Gowk Botany of Eastern Borders, p. 156. rattling of the seed. may, however, also allude to the profitless character of this
Rhinanthus christa
galli,
parasite.
HEN-PEN,
value.
sweepings from the fowl house
of great manurial
HENS, HENS-KAIMS,
Linn.
hand.
Variously
known
"
the spotted orchis, Orchis maculata, also as adder-grass and deed-man's-
HEN-SCARTINS,
Hen-scrattings, long pencilled clouds, said to indicate rain or wind." Brockett. Called also mare's tails.
HEP-TREE,
cattle
briar rose.
See HIP,
i.
HERD, HIRD, HERID

keeper.
a shepherd, a [N.], [S.I " I will passage, Ezekiel xxxiv., v. 10, require my flock at their hand," is translated into Northumbrian of the fourteenth century, in the Pricke of Conscience, as
,
HARD
The
"
Lo,
I sal
aske
Of the
my
flok of
shepe
his hand." Edition Morris,
1.
hird that
had tham under
And
is
the passage " There shall be one fold and one shepherd" given in the same poem
"
5,890.
And a
Alle folkes to fald sal falle, hirde sail be to kepe tham alle."
Ibid,
1.
4,637.
HERD'S-MAUD
[N.]
This has a triangular corner wherein the shepherd carries weak lambs, or any food he It is called the maud requires. neuk.
a chequered plaid
worn by shepherds.
373
HEREAWAY,
hereabout, in this neighbourhood.
HERONSHEUGH, HERONSEUGH, HERONSHUF,

HERONSYUEFF, HEERINSEUGH, HERNY,
The
Ardea Cinnerea, Linn.
a heron, ash-coloured heron or hernshaw.
HERSELL,
a lot or group of sheep. In Northumberland, a whole flock is often divided in two, three, or more hersells, each attended by its own distinct shepherd. See HIRSEL.
!
HET,
an exclamation of impatience. " Het Hets and houts are variants of the word.
of the verb to heat
;
haud yur tongue."
HET, p.t.
p.p. fatten.
HET-HIVE,
edition.
an eruption or small boil on the skin.

ale
HET-PINT, warmed
with
spirit
in
it.Brockett, third
HETTER,
HETTLE,
eager, earnest, keen, bitter, cross, HalliwelVs Dictionary and Ray's Collection.
ill-natured.
hasty, fiery, hot-tempered.
"Hetth tongued
"hot
spoken, irascible.
HETTLE,
A pitman, probably to act in haste or anger. charged with throwing his lamp down the pit shaft, said "He nobbut fattled it away, an' it stotted off the flat sheets an' doon the shaft."
the hooding, a piece of cow-hide lashed on to the " " or " swingle of a flail in the form of an A piece of leather called a " couplin " passes through eye. " the " heudin and connects the movable arm, or " soople," with the handstaff. The word is also given as hunden.
HEUDIN,
end of the " soople
HEUGH,
sides,
a precipitous hill, a cliff, a cleft or dell with steep but without a stream in it. The word enters into the names of twenty-four places in Northumberland. J. V. Gregory, Archaologia Mlicma, vol. ix., p. 66. Redheu^h, at Tarset Linn, and at Gateshead, Painter Heugh, in Newcastle, Robsheugh, Stamfordham Heitgh, RatctoÂ, and BrokenteÂ, are all local examples of these steep acclivities.
of a keel's mast.
u.
HEUGHN, the upper end

is like
The pronunciation
huun
a long soft
HEUK, HEUCK,
a hook.
See HYUK.
374
HEUK, HEUK-BANE, the hip-bone. HEUK-FINGERED, light-fingered, thievish.
HEUK-NEBBED,
HEUL,
HEUP,
HEV,
hook-nosed.
in anything.
an extravagant person
See HifEL,
i.
2.
a measure of a quarter peck.
See HEAP,
word following begins with an open vowel or h mute.
the emphatic form of the verb have.
Used
also
when the
HEW, to work coal. HEWER, a pitman who works coal.
HEWL, HEWEL,
HUEL,
2.
,
a headstrong, ungovernable person.
See
HEWLISH [S.] reckless, lavish. HEWLY, slowly, softly. HEYEL [S.] HYEL [T.], whole.
,
See HUEL.
HEYEL-WATTER, HYEL-WATTER,
HAIL.
a heavy rain.
See
HEYEM
[S.],
HYEM
or
[T.]
comin as nivver was."

construction.
home. Hyem-ma.de
,
"Theyhed
is
sic
;
a hyemof rude
home made
HEYEMS, HYEMS,
irons
HYEMSTICKS. The
bent sticks or
which go round a horse's collar. The hamesticks, from ham, the bend of the leg, are two pieces bent like the ham.
has. "
HEZ,
He
hez nowt."
HEZZLE,
hazel.
hezzle is either
a walking stick or a rod
used for punishment.
Hence
hezzle, to castigate.
HEZZLE-SCOWB,
A
a strong hazel wand of some three or four " crab-creeves " years' growth, used in making (traps for "creeve" has a lattice woodwork bottom, and crabs). into holes burnt along the sides the scowbs are inserted, and
bent over, arch fashion, and then covered with a net.
See
CREEVE,
2.
HEZZLE- WAN,
a hazel
wand
or shoot of hazel.
375
HICK,
to hesitate.
"
He
kicked at forst, but they gat
him
to
gan on."
HICK,
" to cry intermittently. that is; it's constant kickin on." is said to kick.
What
a discontented bairn child pretending to cry
HICKORY-FYECED,
HICKUP-SNICKUP,
HIDDY-GIDDY,
HIDLINS,
by
stealth.
"
pock-marked,
the hiccough.
ill
visaged.
hither and thither, topsy-turvy.
(Obs.)
secretly, clandestinely, Brockett. (Obs.)
applied to anything done

Bailey.
is
Hidel, a place of protection, a sanctuary."

;
HIE,
turn left used by the driver of a horse. Hup the right. See HYE. Compare HITE and HECK.
turn to
HIKE, HEYK,
motion.
to swing, to sway with a rising and falling nurse hikes her child when she tosses it up and down in her arms. Hodgson. To lift suddenly with a jerk. When a cart jolts, or a boat rises and falls, it is said to hike.
Compare HEEZE.
HIKE,
a swinging gait.
a swing.
HI KEY,
HILL-OAT,
HIM,
gannin'."
the Avena nuda.

he.
used for the nominative singular

a
"Him
an* me's
HINCHY-PINCHY,
gently,
game
in
and gradually increased
play ye at kincky-pinchy." returns the blow, until it becomes a fight. The term is also employed in games of leaping, where the first player gives an easy leap, and each succeeding player exceeds the leap of his predecessor, until the game is left in the hands of the best jumper.
" Aa'll in intensity. Boy Strikes gently his companion, who

:
which the play
is
begun
HIND,
a farm servant hired by the year at so much per week. Hinds formerly had "corn wages," and were mostly paid in kind by the produce of the farm, which included the pasturage of a cow. Money wages are now general. At present sixteen to eighteen shillings per week, with house free, coals
376
carted, a garden, and generally some potatoes planted on the Sometimes a cow is kept or farm or "found" for him. "found," and in this case something like five shillings per
This custom, however, is At the hiring a stipulation is often made by the farmer that the hind must furnish a female fieldworker at a stipulated price per day, with extra wage in " harvest time. This extra hand is called a bondager." The "bondager" is either the hind's wife or grown-up daughter, or else, but that rarely, an extra hand employed specially. At Alnwick, a good " bondager," strong and useful, is held in more estimation by farmers than a man. The women do nearly every kind of man's work on a farm, except ploughing and a good deal more hard work falls to their share than to
week
is
deducted from the wage.
falling into disuse.
the
hind's.
HIND-BERRY,
name Hindley probably
a raspberry, Rubus idwis, Linn. The placetakes its name from the plant. Broomley, Farnley, Slaley, and Lingey-field are similar examples of places with plant-names.
HINDERSOME,
KING,
"
hindering, impeding. very hindersome for the harvist."

to hang.
fire
"The bad
weather's
'Fore the Bloomer.
aw
kings the beef."
J.
P. Robson,
Wor Mally Turned
KING,
whip
to incline or dip
a pit term.
HINGER,
is
a loop at the end of a whip shank on
which the
hung.
a padlock.
Hingtr-on, an onsetter in a to shirk work, like a lazy
KING-LOCK,
HING-ON, to start to draw coals. "To king the britchen " is pit.
i'
horse.
HINNEY-HOW,
surprise.
or
HINNEYS-HOW
An
exclamation of
Halliwell.
HINNY,
a term of kindly regard, generally applied to women and children. Like the word canny, this is one of the choicest of our local terms, and they are often used together, as " canny himiy" " Where hest te been, ma canny hinney? An' where hest te been, ma bonny bairn ?
Aw was up and down seekin' for ma hinney Aw was thro the toon seekin for ma bairn."
1 1
It is
377
the purest and most lovable sense to sweetapplied heart, wife, or bairn. " The kye are come hame, but I see not my hinnie ; The kye are come hame, but I see not my bairn, I'd rather lose all the kye than lose my hinnie ; I'd rather lose all the kye than lose my bairn." Old song, The Kye's Come Home.
the rear, the back, the hindermost, the very
last.
HINT,
HIP,
the fruit of the wild rose.
Rosa canina, and
Dog hips are the fruit of the cat hips (or cat heps] the fruit of/?. Spinosissima.
2.
Compare HAA.
HIP,
to hop.
Compare HITCK,
HIPPEET, HIPPIT,
the condition experienced when the muscles of the thighs have been over-strained and become painful from much stooping at work. The sufferer is said to be "a' hippeet."
to the curtain of a theatre.
HIPPIN,
a napkin for the hips of an infant. " Hoist the
Also often applied "

is
hippin
the
common
audience impatient of the delay in starting a performance.
cry of an
HIPPIN-STONES,
is
stepping-stones across a stream.
To
hip
to hop, and the action of crossing by stepping-stones is hippintor hoppin from one to the other. " Hope came Mppynge after." Piers Plowman, p. 351. to limp.
HIPPLE,
Compare HIRPLE.
a
HIPPLETY-CLINCH,
HIPPY-BEDS,
player
hips.
lame or halting person.
a child's game, played by hopping or hippin over "beds" chalked out and kicking a broken crock, or " playgin," over the chalk marks with the foot on which the
The game
is
also called hitchey-dabber.
HIP-STEP-AND-LOUP,
HIPSY-DIPSY,
hop, step and jump.
The game
is
also called hitch-step-and-loup.

a castigation, a skelping.
HIRDY-GIRDY,
HIRING,
to be hired.
a disorderly noise, a disturbance.
(Obs.)
a fair for servants, male or female, where they stand
HIRPLE,
to
walk lamely or with
effort.
378
HIRSEL,
farmer.
the general sheep stock belonging to a hill stockThe shepherd's portion, grazed on the farm, as his The is called a "pack." pay for looking after the whole, is distinguished by branding the letters vertically or
"pack"
A
crosswise.
"As bonny
a Mrsel o' sheep they war as ivver aa saa Northumberland Shepherd.

;
i'
me
life."
"The term is also applied to a great assemblage of cattle or people, or to a quantity of any other thing as a great hirsel of wood or of corn stacks." Hodgson MS.
HIRSEL,
called
to
move about on
This
is
along the seat.

hirsellin.
move a seat. "Hirsel alang done by a jerky movement which is

to
"
"Hirsel aboot"
move
restlessly about
on
a seat.
HIRST, HURST,
as in Longhirst, enters into the names of three parishes and townships, and into that of eleven other A hurst is a wood, inhabited places in Northumberland.
but its special meaning in Northumberland place-names is probably a "scrub," "thicket," or, as it is generally called, "
"rammel
"
that
is,
natural or self-sown wood.
Scroggy
hirsts of hazel."
Hodgson's Northumberland,
pt.
ii.,
vol.
i.,
p. 100, note.
HIRTLE,
"
to hurry.
clud's gan hirtlin alang the hill side."
The
it.
Cheviot Shepherd.
HIT,
" That's This is in common general use, hit, noo." a survival of the older form of the word, " Middle English hit. Anglo-Saxon hit, neuter of he. The old genitive case was his, afterwards it, and finally (xvii. century) its." Prof. Skeat, Concise Etymological English Diet.
and
is
HIT^the
run,
principal actor in certain games.

all
This
is hit
is
sometimes
decided by a race to the playground,
"Last
there's hit."
The boy who
crying out as they
has either to
catch the others, give a back, or whatever may be required in the game. In the progress of a boys' game the inquiry is frequently heard, "Whe's hit?" meaning who is the player.
HITCH,
a small dislocation of the strata which does not exceed the height of the coal seam. Hitch is also the term applied by sinkers and miners to the inferior or broken coal and stone found on approaching a hitch or trouble.
DYKE.
Compare
HITCH,
a chest.
See HUTCH.
379
HITCH, to hop on one leg. The word

with
hip.
is
often used indifferently
See HIP-STEP-AND-LOUP.
or
HITCHEY-BEDS,
game.
It is
HITCHEY-DABBER,
children's
See also HIPPY-BEDS.

a strong nail, sometimes called a pit-hitch nail. flat point and a rose head.
is
HITCH-NAIL,
about two inches long, with a

coal or stone that
'
H ITCHY,
trouble.
broken as
if
by a hitch or
See HITCH,
i.
HITE,
means one
as in the phrase, " She wou'd neither Hyte nor Ree," side or the other. G. Stuart, Joco-Sevioiis Discourse,
1686, p. 28.
See HIE,
2,
and HYE.
kit),
KITTEN,
or kitten wiv a pantile."
HATTEN
(the p.p. of
to strike.
"
He
gat
HITTY-MISSY, anyhow,
HIVE, an inward
hives,"
at
random, or haphazard.
There are "chest feeling of enlargement. " bowel hives" &c., descriptive of an inward heaving or swelling. Hives are not usually outward eruptions, but when so they are commonly called het hives hot heaves or hot spots. The term hives is also applied to a species of chronic diarrhoea, or feeling of such in the bowels, common in children.
ivy.
,
HIVEN,
HOAF
hove /"
pail.
[W.-T.]
half.
HOAFY, HOVEY, HOVE,
the call to a cow. " Hovey ! hove ! the milkmaid says to the cow, advancing with her
HOARN,
" horn. cam-mad" is expressive of that state of of a person outrageously vexed. No doubt the "horn passion mad" of Shakspere with the Northumberland pronunciation.
HOAST, HOIST,
specially the
a cough.
Compare KINK-HOAST.
HOAST-HOOS, HOST-HOOS, OAST-HOOS,
an inn, but market house attached to an inn. The inns where farmers put up in coming to market have oast-hooses attached. They are the waiting rooms used by wife and daughters, and the reception place for parcels or goods sent in by tradesmen to go by the farmers' carts.
380
HOASTMEN, one of the Incorporated Companies of Newcastle

Freemen. The term hoastman has long ceased to describe the " " engrosser of the commodities profession of coal-shipper or of incorporation. The "coalenumerated in the charter " fitter "fitter") now disposes the sales of coals raised (briefly in the collieries which he " fits." The Company of Hoastmen remains simply the premier Incorporated Company of Newcastle, and election to its membership is a much coveted
honour.
of Henry the Fourth, in his fifth year, cap. 9 (1404), appoints to receive foreign merchants in England. Locally, the stranger arriving in the port of Tyne to buy coals was named the oaste,' and the person of whom he purchased, the oastmen or hostman." Welford's
'
"
An Act
'
hosts
'
History of Newcastle, under date 1516, p. 47.
HOB, HOB,
me
the iron pin at which quoits are aimed in playing the
game.
Compare GAITER, RINGER.

"
?
a greenhorn.
De
ye tyek us for a hob ?"
do you take
for a
greenhorn
the
HOBBIE,
name
of
Robin or Robert.
thistle, left in a
HOBBINS,
rank grass,
pasture by cattle.
Halliwell's Diet.
HOBBIN-STOB,
for
an iron
last.
HOBBLES, HOPPLES,
hobbling a horse.
rough, uneven.
two straps with chain between used
HOBBLY,
HOBBY,
the tool held by a "holder-up" to press and rivet in its hole whilst its end is being hammered up rivetter. "Stob," an article used for a
keep a by the similar purpose in
shoemakmg.
the pit
Compare HOBBIN-STOB.
"This
is
HOBBY JACKSON.
is
when
carried over the pulleys."
OW note.
a person
coming from
HOB COLLINGWOOD, lour

ol hearts in the
it
the
name
given in Newcastle to the
look upon
Newcastle,
"
It is
M.
Old ladies, in general, as proverbially unlucky. Proverbial Folk-lore of A. Denham, 1855. (Obs.)
Jamieson,
game
of whist.
the term in Teviotdale also."
381
HOBTHRUSH,
Moat" was
a
"The hobthrush of Elsdon or sprite who performed drudgery of As he wore a tattered all kinds during the night season. old hat a new one was placed for him in his accustomed haunt. Instead of propitiating hobthrush, this action broke
a local boggle.
browney
the spell
and the
"New
sprite disappeared, uttering a piteous cry

kobthrush'll
hat,
new hood,
do no more good."
HOCKER,
HOD,
to ride.
W.-T. the form
" hold, for had (hold). is hode or hoad.

the call to a goose.
Aa canna
See HAD.
get hod on't."
In
HODDY, HODGE,
rise
to shake, to wriggle, as in "hodgin' an' laughin'"

fall
to
and
in
gently with a swinging motion.
See HOTCH.
HOE
place-names is "high heugh," as Cambhoe. Hodgson This word seems to be confounded with how, which has a contrary meaning. See How, 2.
MS.
HOFF, HOUGH,
hough or
thigh.
to throw a ball or missile from below the See HOUGH. Compare HENGE.
HOFFLE,
of
hoffle
a stake on which salmon nets are dried. In a row stakes one is higher than the others, and is called the
bosom-hoffle.
See BOSOM.
HOFFLE, HOUFLE, to shuffle, to walk haltingly, to limp. HOG, HOGGET, HOGGEREL, a young sheep between the
age of
its
weaning and
its first
clipping.
HOGAMADOG,
the huge ball of a snowball over soft snow.
snow made by boys
in rolling
HOGAMANAY, HOGMANAY,
which children beg.
the New Year's offering for In North Northumberland the hogmanay or the is a small cake given to children on Old Year's Day spice bread and cheese, with liquor, given away, on the same
;
day.
HOGGER,
pump
to
the receptacle at the top of a delivery pipe of a receive the water before its discharge into the A spout and pipe lead away the discharged water. conduit. This arrangement is sometimes called a collar -lander. Compare
LANDRY-BOX.
3 82
HOGGERS,
footless stockings worn by pitmen at work. sometimes used for riding stockings instead of Hoggers were and they are variously called gaiters by country people
;
looags, scoggers, hoggers,
and
gamashers.
HOGG-REEK,
away on
the light fleecy patches of mist which float with the rising sun. From the resemblance to the fleece of the "hog" or young unshorn sheep.
hillsides
HOGMAGOGE.
This curious word appears in the Newcastle " Paide for keeping municipal accounts in October, 1591. This is the name of the play Hcgmagoge this year, 6s. 8d." annually performed by the Merchant Adventurers' Company " " of Newcastle on copycristy day.
a bad smell.
HOGO,
HOIST,
very
common
expression
is
"The meat
is hogo."
a cough.
See HOAST.
"
HOIT, HOUT,
a contemptible person.
Ye
greet lazy hoit."
HOKY-POKY,
hocus-pocus, a cabalistic expression for anyMore frequently hankything humbuggingly mysterious. panky.
HOLDER-UP, the workman who holds up " a set," or "hobby,"

against the head of a hot rivet, at one side of a plate, whilst its red-hot end is being clinched up by the rivetter at the other.
HOLE,
and
to perforate, to drill a hole, to

in a colliery,
excavate a passage-way.
in kirving
HOLERS,
fillers
men employed
where getters
are employed.
HOLEY-STONE,
a stone having a perforation in it, a hole The stone must be found already perforated, or through it. it has no virtue. These are very commonly hung behind house doors as charms. A sanctity or superstition appears to have been attached to stone implements with holes. They were supposed to have been perforated by snakes. Compare ADDER-STYEN, LUCKY-STYEN, and EARTH-FAST.
diseases.
hung over the heads of horses as a charm against Horses that sweat in their stalls are supposed to be cured by the application of this charm. The stone must be found naturally holed. If it be made it has no efficacy." Hodgson MS.
" Holed stones are
383
HOLING-ABOUT,
driving in a pit with bratticed air after a
seam of coal has been won, in order to establish the air communication between the downcast and upcast shafts and to form off the shaft pillars and walls.
HOLLERS, HULLERS,
KOLLIN, HOLLAND,
N. Northumberland,
a great number.
See HULLER.
the native holly, Ilex aquifolium. In and she-hollin are discriminated. The latter is the kind without prickles, and is used for fortune Hollin-bus is a holly tree. Hollin is a survival of the telling. Middle English form of the word. In the modern form holly an n has been dropped. (See Professor Skeat's Concise
he-hollin
Etymological Dictionary, under holly.)
See SHE-HOLLIN.
fowl.
HOLLOW-MEAT, HOLM, flat, damp

;
any kind of edible
land by river sides, especially fields and tracts of rich land that rivers wind around or make insular. Hodgson MS. It occurs in nine place-names in Northumberland but in four cases out of the nine the description of a river island, or a meadow near water, is not applicable. A? liana, vol ix., p. 66. Except in J. V. Gregory, Archaologia the names of places, the word is obsolete in Northumberland.
Compare EALES, HAUGH.
HOLT,
It is
Northumberland) gives
Mr. J. V. Gregory (Place-Names in a wood, a covert. it as twice occuring in Northumberland. pronounced hot, as Birk-hot for ~Birk-holt.
HOLY-BIZEN,
a conspicuous show, a spectacle. Applied to an idolized and over-dressed person who is thus rendered too " Yor conspicuous. myekin a fair holy-bizen on that bairn." " Aa'll It is also used menacingly myek a holy-bizen on ye, ye slut." See BIZEN.
:
HOMECOME,
HOMIL,
HUMEL,
to
2.
arrival at
home.
barley.
humble or remove the awns from

"
See
HOMILT,
hornless.
homilt coo."
See HUMEL'D.
HOMLICK,
macitlatum, Linn. to all the hollow-stemmed umbelliferous Humlick and whumlick "It's hollow as a homlick." plants. See are also names by which this is commonly known.
the
common hemlock, Conium
But applied generally
HUMLICK.
384
a child's game.
HONEY-POTS,
often
late
HONOUR-BRIGHT, BET- WATT

made
use of by the
common
originated with, and
is still
a protestation of honour people in Newcastle. It retained in commemoration of, a

!
well-known Newcastle worthy. Newcastle, M. A. Denham, 1855, p. 6.
Proverbial Folk-lore of
HOO,
the invariable pronunciation of how. day, lad?"
"Hoo
are ye, the
HOOANIVVOR,
HOOD,
however.
the shelf at the side of a fireplace.
See HUD.
HOODS, HOOD-SHEAVES,
two sheaves placed on the top
of a stook of corn to throw off the rain.
Compare HUD.
Called also the
HOODY,
grey-backed craa
the hooded crow, Corvus comix. Linn. and the corby.

reel in great
HOOLAKIN,
a kind of dance, a Northumberland.
favour in North
HOOLET,
owl
hoot owl,
an owl.
Hoolet-een
large, starey eyes.
The barn
called mouse
(Strix flammed) is called hoolet, gilli hoolet, white owl, and screech owl. The tawny owl (Syrmum aluco) is called brown owl,
and Jenny
hoolet.
The
short-eared owl
is
hawk.
HOOLY,
softly, gently.
See HEWLY.
HOOND,
a hound, a dog; a low,

to put the
mean
law
fellow.
HOOND-THE-TYKE,
hoond-trail at
in execution.
HOOND-TRAIL, DOG-TRAIL,
until the last race there in 1853.
a drag hunt. There was a Alwinton Races in Upper Coquetdale each year
HOONY,
HOOSE,
houndy, gaunt, ghostly.

its
a house. Also to house, to put into shelter, but in verbal form always spoken as hooze. See HOUSIN.
HOOSED,
gone within doors into the house. " the clergyman ?" No he mun be koosed."
;
Have you seen
HOOSEN,
houses.
385
HOOSIVVER, HUSIVVER, however, any way. HOOT! HOOTS! HOWT! HOUT! HUT! HUTS!
expression of impatience.
varied.
an
Sometimes
hoot-toot t
or otherwise
HOOT-OWL.
HOO-TREE,
See HOOLET.
the top framing of a coal waggon.
HOOZLE,
HOPE,
a socket.
See HOUSEL.
a smaller opening branching out from the main dale, to the mountain ranges as the burns branch W. M. Egglestone, out, or are tributaries to the main stream. Weardale Names of Field and Fell, p. 50. The upland part of a mountain valley. The inch ordnance map of Northumberland In gives seventy-three place-names having this termination. the county of Durham forty such occur.
and running up
HOPPELT,
HOPPLE,
hobbled, as the legs of animals when fastened When a person is together to prevent them from straying. See entangled, he invariably says he's "getten happeH."
2.
HOPPER,
HOPPER,
a dancer
one that dances at a country dance.
a large boat or keel used on the Tyne and Wear for carrying out to sea mud and sand dredged from the river beds or refuse material from factories. a seed basket used in sowing corn.
HOPPER,
HOPPER-GAWED,
or handful
is
corn badly sown.
distinctly
marked
it is
When every "cast" termed hopper-gawed.
HOPPIN,
an annual festival, at which shows, roundabouts, and stalls of all descriptions attract the holiday-makers. In Newcastle the Easter hoppin was the most famous. But the hoppin of present day memory was but a relic of a former
greatness.
to hobble, to trot.
to tie the legs of an animal so as to to encumber with anything that hinders the rope, strap, or shackles used in
HOPPLE,
prevent
HOPPLE, HOBBLE,
its
straying
Hopples,
progress. hoppling.
HOR,
her.
386
"
HORL,
Where ye gan ti horl to whirl, to wheel, to trundle. Where are you going to trundle your hoops ? ?" yor gords
a wheelbarrow.
HORL-BARRA,
HORN,
Harnham
It occurs in the place-names a corner. or Hornham, and other places.
Wood/wm,
the tip of
HORNEY, HORNEY-TOP,
a cow's horn.
Brockett.
a boy's top
made from
HORNEY,
left
a delusion, a hoax.
"Fair homey"
fair play.
HORNEY- WAYS, "

HORNY-TRAM,
HORSE,
equivalent to the cant phrase of "over the that is, " I believe the statement the homey-ways" meaning that it is a hoax or an imposition.
in a pit, a tram with four or more upright for conveying rails, props, &c.
arms of iron used
the frame with a cross-piece atop, against which cut boards are rested in a timber yard. a portion of the roof or floor of a pit which obtrudes into the coal. Called also a roll and a balk.
HORSEBALK,
HORSE-BAZE,
wonder. According to Halliwell Northumberland word, but see HAZE-GAZE.

[W.-T.]
,
this
is
HORSE-COUPER, HORSE-COAPER
dealer of the tinker kind.
horse
HORSE-DAISY,
pit.
the dog daisy or large white daisy. the
HORSE-FETTLER,
HORSE-GAN,
man who
has care of the horses
in
the circular track for horses threshing machine. See GIN-GAN.
when
driving a
HORSE-HOLE,
at a colliery, an entrance into the shaft, level with the surface, where horses are netted and put in, or landed when drawn out timber and rails are also put in at the same But formerly applied to a passage way hewn out of place. the coal inbye at the flat for the purpose of bringing the horse round from the head of the flat to the outbye end, instead of passing by the side of the tubs as at the present day. John Rowell, in Newcastle Weekly Chronicle, September 12, 1891.
;
387
HORSE-HOOF,
the colt's-foot, Tussilago farfara, Linn.
HORSE-KEEPER,
FETTLER.
the person in a pit
who
attends to the
feeding and grooming of the horses and ponies.
See HORSE-
HORSE-LOUSE,
HORSE-MINT,
the wood-louse, church-louse, or millepede.
wild mint, Mentha hirsnta, Linn.
HORSE-NET,
them out
a net for lowering horses into of a mine.
and drawing
HORSE-NOBS, HORSE KNOTS, knap weed. The Centaurea

nigra of the
hedgebanks and meadows, or the Centaurea cyanus, which is an occasional weed in cultivated fields in Coquetdale, Another name for this is &c., and is also grown in gardens.
hard -heeds.
or HORSE-BLOCK, the stone steps formerly set at or near a house door to enable Also called a crupper, or a person to mount on horseback. crupple-styen, and a mount.
(p.p., horten), to hurt.
HORSE-STYEN, HORSIN-STYEN,
HORT,
"He's
horten his heed."
HORTER, HURTER, HORTLE,

HOST.
the shoulder of the axle against which the nave of the wheel knocks. Brockett.
to crouch as in pain.
hurtful.
Compare HIRTLE.
HORTSOME,
HOTCH,
See HOAST and following words.
"Aa fairly hatch* t agyen." to shake with laughter. up, especially to shake lead ore together in a buddle or bucket in the process of washing and sifting it. The bucket containing the ore is suspended from a long lever by which a boy jerks or hatches it in the water.
To shake
swarming.
"Hotchin wi' maggots."
HOTCHIN,
"The
place
is fair hotchin
wi' rabbits."
HOTTER, to jolt or shake up, road. A variant of hatter.
as in a conveyance over a rough
HOTTER
[S.]
to halt in the gait, to
walk lamely.
388
swarming.
HOTTERIN,
"The dog
is
wis
fair hotterin o' fleas."
Compare HOTCHIN.
HOTTERY,
jolting. tottering in walking.
"This
a tarrible hottery cairt."
Also
HOT-TROD,
spear and
a wisp of straw or tow mounted on the top of a on fire and carried through the Border country. Its display was the signal for every man to arm and follow the pursuit on the track of a marauder, the "war path" of the Borderers. Compare TROD.
set
HOUGH,
the back of the knee where the hough sinews are. familiar in the common invitation "cruck yor hough," Very equivalent to sit down or bend your legs.
HOUGH, HOGH, hollow. " A hough belly." See How, 3. HOUGH-BAND, a band tied round the hough to prevent
animal straying.
(Obs.)
an
HOUGHEN-MOUGHEN, or HOGHEN-MOGHEN, greedy,

ravenous.
(Obs.)
HOUGHER,
one of the inferior officers, appointed by the Corporation of Newcastle-upon-Tyne. He was called also Whipper and Hougher. "He is called hougher from the power he is said to have had formerly of cutting the houghs, or sinews of the houghs of swine that were found infesting the Brand's History of Newcastle, vol. ii., streets of the town." The hougher was still in 1827 a regular I ?89j p- 365, note. officer of the town with a yearly salary of \. 6s. 8d.
HOUGHLIN, HOUFFLIN, shuffling, limping.

2,
See HOFFLE,
and HAFFLIN.
HOUKA,
p.
1
an aromatic plant (Meum athamanticum) found "on the basaltic ridge a quarter of a mile north of the village of Throckrington." Natural History Transactions, 1867, vol. ii.,
80.
See SPEKNEL.
;
HOULD,
as
hold a variant of had. The word is familiarly used " imperative order equivalent to stop instantly." the use of AAD, OULD, CAAD, and COULD. Compare
the
shattered. In a pit, when a shot has fissured the stone, the cracked and shattered place is said to be
houltered.
HOULTERED,
389
HOUSE-BOTE,
an allowance of timber out of the lord's wood to support or repair a tenant's house, And to burn Bailey. in the house. Blackstone in Todd. (Obs.)
is
HOUSEL, HOUZLE, HOOZLE,

shaft
the eye or hole inserted in a hoe or other implement.
where a
HOUSIN,
a capability of holding much, as, "
He has a
good
housin for drink."
HOUT
or
HOUTS
!
See HOOT
HUTS
an exclamation of impatience or and HETS

!
dissent.
HOVE, HOVEN
(p.p. of heave), swollen up. The act of swelling with suppurating secretion is called "beeldin." When the bowels of cattle or sheep are distended the animals are said to be hoven. Bread that is unduly raised by fermentation and
so swelled
up
is
hoven.
HOVE, HOVEN
away.
that
is,
(p.t. and p.p. of heave), threw and thrown "Hoven away" also denotes anything sold too cheap thrown away, given away.
HOVER,
stay,
to wait.
frequentative of Middle English houen (hoven), to tarry, wait, originally to dwell, a verb formed from Anglo-Saxon Prof. Skeat, Concise Etymological Dictionary. hof, a house, a dwelling."
"Hover, English.
HOW, HOW,
a hoe
HOW,
to hoe.
a hollow, a depression. hollow at the back of the neck.
The how
of the neck
is
the
HOW, HOUGH, HOGH, hollow,

It is also
deep; used in conversation. applied to place-names, as in Howstonemouth near Rochester, Howford on the Tyne. Howden similarly appears to be from the same word, hollow dene. How-foor, the lowest open furrow. How-drill, the hollow between two drills in a field. How-backt, sunken in the back. A how or hough belly, a hollow or deep belly.
!
HOW
the reply, interrogative, of " What cheer, hinney ?" " Ki Geordy, how, where are ye gannin'?" Bob Cranky' s 'Size Sunday,
1804.
marra ?" or "How there, lads?" the The emphasis being invariably on the exclamation how. ordinary formula of the salute is "How there, marra ?" with
a salutation. It salutation "How there,
is
used alone, or in the very
common
HOW,
to hurry
away.
3go
!
HO WAY
down, is given to the In North Northumberland the call "haway!" farm hands by the woman-steward at starting or yoking time,
so that all the
or quicken its
come away. Howay, in a pit, means lower the cage, movement if it is already being lowered.
women
start together.
HOW-DEE-DOW,
the equivalent of namby-pamby. A girl in described: the lower grade of life apeing gentility is thus oot a reg'lar faw-de*-dow" "She's turn't
HOWDON-PAN-CANT,
an upset, a
tilt
over.
HOWDY, a midwife. HOWDY-HORSE, a

case of emergency.
pit
horse kept on the surface for use in
HOWDY-MAW,
corf.
G loss,
to
the conclusion of the day's labour; the last Pitman's Pay, 1843.
HOWF,
man.
the hock of an animal, the lower part of the thigh in See HOUGH.
a meeting place for converse or gossip.
HOWF,
How,
HOW-FOOR,
3.
hollow furrow, the track of the plough.
See
HOWFSENNEN,
part of the thigh.
the hock sinew, the sinew of the lower back
HOW-HOW,
STROW.
equivalent to a charwoman.
Compare How-
HOWK,
It
is
an excavation.
"
What
a howk they've
myed
there."
also used for the dint or impression caused
by a heavy
blow.
HOWK
[N.,
excavate. anunder't
" Are ye on howkin taties ?" ye'll fetch the waal doon."
S.,
and T.]
HOAK
[W.-T.]
to dig up, to " If ye howk mair

,
HOWKS,
or
HAAKS,
a disease of the eye.

to a pitman,
See HAAK.
HOWKY,
hewer.
a cant
name given
meaning a digger or
an empty
HOWL,
belly.
empty.
"Howl
kite" or
" howl keslop"
39!
that
is,
HOWL-O'-WOUNTER,
mid-winter.
the hollow or lap of winter
HOWM,
is
a depression, a hollow.
Compare How,
2.
HOWSTICAAD,
your what d'ye
" extended, is How is't ye caa'd ?" The word the correct name of anything has slipped interpolated when " the memory. " Bring us yor howsticaad means " Bring me
call it."
HOWSTROW, HOG'S-TROU,
a chaotic
litter.
a confusion, an untidy scene,

is hogstrou,
At Winlaton the word

"
which
appears to point to a pig-trough as the origin of the term.
HOWTHERY,
kind
o'
untidy, slovenly.
She myeks oney a howthevy

essence
of
wife."
HOWTHERY-TOWTHERY,
topsy-turvy.
the
untidiness,
HOWTS, "
howts shaff
an expression of impatience. "

is
Sometimes the form
heard.
HOXTER,
HOY,
one given to hoaxing people.
An
impostor.
is
to throw, to stone.
heave up.
To
hoy a stone
to
throw a
HOYT,
a lazy fellow.
riotous
See HOIT.
Bvockett.
HOYTIN,
and noisy mirth.
HUBLYSHEW, HUBLYSHOO,
disorderly persons.
"
tumult,
crowd of
Hobleshof, a great confusion."
Halliwell.
HUCK
bush.
(the strong p.t. of howk), dug.
"He
huck
up the rose
HUD, HOOD,
HUD,
the "hob" or the shelf at each side of a " on which pans and kettles can be placed when on fireplace the boil." They are allowed to simmer on the hud.
a lime-hod.
[N.]
,
HUDDLE
F
a hurdle.
HUDDOCK, HUDDICK,
the cabin in a keel.
3Q2
the widgeon,
HUE,
Manca
Penelope.
HUEL, HU-WUL, HYUL,

nut, of grain, or of a pea.
the hull, outer skin or shell of a A pea-te/ or pea-swad is a
pea-pod.
See HULL.
person,
in a
HUEL, HEUL, HEWL, HEWEL, an out-of-the-way

one that acts
headstrong and extraordinary manner.
Compare HEWLISH.
HUEL,
a delicate or ailing person, especially one who is An expostulation to one nervously morbid or "hipped." " Had talking too freely in presence of an invalid is yor he's nobbut a huel" tongue
:
HUELLY,
like
delicate, sickly
hence of a complaining character,
an invalid.
to affront, to offend.
old sense
is
HUFF,
"
The
to puff,
hu/at draughts simply means

the piece removed."
hence to bluster, vapour. To it was customary to blow to blow' upon Professor Skeat, Concise Etymological Dictionary.
blow hard
'
huff
is still
accompanied by a puff on the piece
HUG,
to carry with laboured effort. The term is applied to the action requiring a strong embrace, as in carrying a box or other heavy weight.
HUGGER,
a line of cleavage in coal, a

vast,
is
"back" or
"cleat."
HUGIOUS, prodigious, HULE. To play hule
enormous.
to injure, to disorganise.
played hule wi' the hyel consarn arrangements. Compare HUEL, 2.
"he
has upset
all
" He's the
HULE,
a husk or pod.
See HUEL,
i.
HULE-DOO, HE-YUL-DOO, YULL-DOO,
a gingerbread or dough, rolled out flat, and cut arms, and body. The arms are laid as if the in front, and two eyes made of currants are
figure
made in
out with head,

inserted.
hands touched See
HYUL-DOO.
HULK
HULL,
"A
[W.-T.]
Middle English hulke, Anglo-Saxon distinct from hulk, a heavy ship.
a cottage or small house. The word is from hulc, a hovel, and is quite
a crib in which animals are fattened.

hull."
"A
swine
hull."
duck
393
case, to shell.
HULL, HYUL,
"She's
hyullin'
to
the peas."
remove the hull or outer See HUEL, i.
HULLER, HOLLER
"A
greet huller"
[N.], to heap on indiscriminately. a large quantity.
HULLY,
and crabs
the perforated box in which fishermen keep lobsters in a live state.
HUMEL, HOMIL,
In breaking to break off, to break down. stones for macadamised roads, to humel means to break the lumps into smaller sizes preparatory to their being made Humlin barley the requisite size by a smaller hammer. is breaking off the awns, or horns, with a flail or other instrument. See HUMELER.
a contrivance used
HUMELER, HUMLER, HUMBLER,

for taking the
awns
off barley.
HUMELER-MEL, HUMBLER-MELL,
for
wooden mallet
breaking clods.
HUMELIN-HAMMER,
HUMELT,
broken
"
a heavy hammer used in stonebreaking to break the stones down before the small roadmetal hammer is used.
broken small applied to stones which have been time prior to their being napped into the diamonds used for road metal.
for the first
Humeldor
homilt, is hornless; without horns."
Hodgson MS.
HUMLICK, HOMLECK, HUMLEEK,

common hemlock
and
WHUMLICK,
(Conium mactilatum) or any of the hollowstemmed umbelliferce. The sweet cicely (Myrrhis odorata, Linn.) is called sweet humlick. It was formerly cultivated among the
simples in old gardens.
HUMMA
[N.]
a pinch, a very small quantity.
HUMMING,
strong, heady.
"
An
earthen pot with humming beer

little
Stood on a
table near."
Colliers Wedding, 1735.
Ed. Chicken, The
HUMP,
" He's the temper. getten his hump up has got his temper roused.
[N.]
,
"that
is,
he
HUMPH
backed.
hump
a bad smell.
Humphy-backeet, hump-
394
[N.], stinking.
is
HUMPHY
HUND,
his
A shepherd to hound on, to encourage. dog when he directs it. See HOOND.
flail.
said to hund
HUNDEN,
of a
the leather straps or thongs joining the two sticks See HEUDIN. (Obsolescent.)
HUNDER, to hinder. HUNDRED-LEAVED GRASS, the

millefolium, Linn.
It is also
yarrow or milfoil, Achillea called thousand -leaved clover and
wild pepper.
HUNDRED-FALD,
the yellow bedstraw, Galium verum.
HUNK, a large, mis-shapen piece. " A hunk o' breed." HUNKERED, elbowed, bowed, crooked. Brockett. HUNKERS, haunches. HUNTLANDS, hunting grounds.
grants.
huntlands of Tindale are often spoken of in ancient deeds and large proportion of these lands are Huntlands to this day, as far as regards grouse and black game ; but goodly flocks of Cheviot sheep have replaced the red deer and roe that formerly tenanted these wastes."
"
The
Dr. Charlton, North Tynedale, 1871, second edition, p. 15.
HUNTSUP,
an old pipe tune.
HUP
[N.], the call to a horse in driving, equivalent to right turn. Wo-hup is used when it is necessary to stop and then turn to the right, as in ploughing. Heit, hye. heck, and hup are all terms of identical meaning. Hup-howay! is a common drover's cry in urging on his cattle.
HURCHIN, HURCHEON, the hedgehog. HURDIES, the loins, the buttocks. HURDY, a mischievous or abandoned person. HURL. SeeHoRL.
HURPETH,
at Hartburn, one of the names for the Roman road which branches from Watling-street, called at various parts of its track Devil's Caasey, Cobb's Causey, Hurpath, Kemmell's or GammelPs path. See HAR.
HURROCK,
a pile of loose stones, a loose material. Compare RUCKLE.
heap of rubbish or other
395
HURRY-BURRY, hurly-burly, noise, confusion. HURST, a copse or thicket. See HIRST.
HURTEN, HORTEN,
HUSBAND-LAND.
various expressions, as " He's hurten his hand," " sleep, me heed wis horten that badly."
injured.
The p.p.
of hurt, but used in Aa couldn't
The husbands of land, mentioned so frequently in deeds respecting Northumberland, contained twenty acres, and at times twenty-four or thirty.
a great rush of water. This is produced artificially districts so as to bare the surface of the rock in order to discover indications of ore in the face of a hill side.
in
HUSH,
mining
HUSH,
great plenty.
strange,
is
HUSSELY-FARRANT,
looking.
" Hustle -j'arrant,
ill
put together, uncommonJamieson.
one who
clothed in a tattered garb."
HUT,
HUT,
a heap. A muck hut is a heap of manure. " a heap of turnips. turnips

to pile in heaps.
"
hut of
"
Wor
busy
huttin
wor tormits."
HUTCH,
town
an ark or treasure chest, specially applied to the town treasure chest, which was called " the toon hutch."
" In 1713, there
s treasury."
remained a balance of 2,152. 133. od. in the Hutch or Mackenzie's History of Newcastle, 1827, p. 641.
At Morpeth " each of the aldermen keeps a key of the town's or corporation's hutch or box, on which there are seven different locks, and in which box is contained all the cash, books, papers, and records belonging to the borough, so that without the consent of the seven aldermen
this
box can never be opened."

l-
Mackenzie's History of
office.
Northumberland, 1825, v
ij-'
P- I 93> note.
The Morpeth
hutch
now
stands in the town clerk's
HUTHER,
HUT-ON,
whether.
to keep on a peevish, continuous complaining.
HUTS
an exclamation of impatience.
See HOOT, HOWTS.
HUTTEN,
chance
is
ti
the p.p. of hit. " He'd fatten him afore he'd ony fend." Hut is used as an occasional p.t., but hat "He hat him fair atwix the ees." the common form.
396
HUTTOCK,
a pile of corn sheaves, made of twelve sheaves, ten of which are set upright, two and two together, whilst two are laid on the top as hood or covering sheaves. A stook consists of twelve or more upright sheaves and two hood sheaves.
a hoof.
(it),
HUVE,
HUZ,
Like the aspirate in hit us. It is in survival of an ancient form.
common
huz represents the constant use.
HUZZY,
It is a mistake to say that a woman of any age. It is only this when a qualifying huzzy is a term of reproach. " An ill-demised " huzzy" A bad adjective makes it so, as is housewife, and huzzy the short pronunciation huzzy" Huzif of the word housewife.
HWICK,
The word illustrates the change from quick, alive. the initial k sound heard in quick to the aspirated softer sound of hw. " A Northumbrian countryman still deems it necessary to call a thorn hedge a which (i.e. quick) hedge by way of " distinction from a stockade or dead hedge. Bates, Border
the
Holds, p. 224, n.
HWICKENS, QUICKENS,
creeping grass and the out of the soil.
underground
many weeds which
stems of a farmer clears
HWICKS,
quicks,
a
young sprouting hedge

;
plants.
It
is
HWOLE,
hole
HWOLEY,
holey.
difficult
in
ordinary spelling to convey the sound of these words. The aspirate is much prolonged and the sound becomes something like hoo-wul.
HYE,
"
a call to horses, meaning "left turn." Wo-hye means left turn," the opposite direction to wo-hup or wo-gee, which means " stop right turn."
stop
! !
HYELL
HYELL,
[T.]
whole.
coal, as distinguished
whole
from coal that has been
partly worked.
HYEM,
home.
"
Gan away
hyem,
ma man."
HYEMLY,
homely.
HYEMMELT,
tame looking.
397
HYEMS,
at the
the two pieces of crooked wood or bent iron hinged bottom and held together with a strap atop. They are passed round the collar of a horse, and are furnished with an eye in each side to which are attached the chains to draw the load. See HAMESTICKS.
HYEMSPUN,
HYEST,
haste.
homespun.
HYUK,
angle
;
a hook, also a sickle. "cruck" is bent to a right a hyuk is bent round like a loop. See HEYUK.
HYUL,
a hull or casing.
See HUEL,
i,
and HULL,
2.
HYUL-DOO,
a figure made of gingerbread. This word is sometimes spelt yule-dough, and is described as a "Christinas cake," or rather a little image of paste studded with currants and baked for children at this season of the year.
to
HYUP,
I',
hoop a cask.
used before a consonant. Before a vowel it becomes iv. f the warld are ye gannin ? Aa's iv a horry, ye see." See also the usage ofwi, wiv, he hev,gi' give, bi, biv, fre, See frev, ti, tiv, where the same rule of speech is observable. IN iv and Iv.
in
;
"
Where
ICCLE, IKIL, an
icicle.
See ICESHOGGLE.
ICE-CREEPER,
a contrivance fixed below the instep of a It is made boot, for walking securely in slippery weather. of a single piece of sheet iron, two pieces of which are turned up at the sides to form ears, whilst four points are turned down so as to touch and grip the surface of the ice below the
foot.
in
This little contrivance has long been made and worn Winlaton.
" Shod with this little article the most timorous pedestrian might almost walk down an iceberg." Newcastle Daily Chronicle, December 29,
1886.
ICESHOGGLE,
IDLE,
immoral.
an
"
icicle
An
idle
huzzy."
IDLENESS,
IFFY,
wantonness, wickedness.
the shortened form of the Christian
name Euphemia.
398
ILK, ILKA,
each, every. Chiefly now used in N. Northumberland and Redesdale. Ilk and ilka are sometimes regarded as but they are frequently heard South specially Scottish forms, Nor have they been introduced by Scottish of the Tweed. form wkilk, common immigrants, for they appear, like the throughout the kingdom of Northumbria in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries. The Pricke of Conscience, written by Richard Rolle, of Hampole, near Doncaster, some few years before A.D. 1349, contains examples of both ilk and whilk.
disease. diseases common
ILL, a
The "milk ill" and the "quarter ill " are " among sheep. The loupin ill" is a curious
and
disease which attacks sheep, pigs, and other animals, causes them to leap up and stagger.
ILL-DEMISED,
ILL-FYECED,
malevolent.
of evil countenance.
dissatisfied at or with
ILL-HUNG-ON,
any occurrence.
ILL-THROVEN, ILL-THRUVEN,
any living creature whatever having an unhealthy or evil appearance. It is a common term of contempt. " He's an awd ill-throvjn thief." T. Wilson, Pitman's Pay.
peevish, bad tempered.
unwilling.
ILL -TWINED,
ILL-WULLANT,
IMP,
sense.
a mischievous child. Used invariably in a scolding "What are ye dein, ye little imp?" The word
originally a child."
meant "a
(Wedgwood.) The old sense of something grafted on survives in " Imp, an addition to a beehive " (Brockett) and in " Imp, one length of hair twisted, as forming part of a Whether will ye put five or six hairs in the as, fishing line
'
scion, shoot, graft, figuratively offspring,
imp?'"
IMPARFIT,
untidy woman.
imperfect, but always used to denote a dirty,
IMPRUVE-UPON,
to
approve
of.
-IN, the usual printed termination of the present participle of verbs. In Central Northumberland the sound is een in other parts it is a mere n sound preceded by a short sharp e or a. The termination ing for the present participle is never heard.
;
Thus we have
;
3QQ
find'w, for finding hit'w, for hitting;
biudeen and bindX for binding fmdeen and sitt^w and sitt'w, for sitting hitt^w and and so on. The Anglo-Saxon form was
; ;
;
thus bindend-e, binding. This in Northern Middle English (thirteenth to fifteenth centuries) became and thus bindand The form was afterwards (about A.D. 1300) corrupted into ing-e, the Modern English ing, as heard in binding. (See
end-e
;
Prof. Skeat's Principles of English Etymology, p. 250.) The participial termination and was still found in the sixteenth It will be thus seen that our and seventeenth centuries. forms een and an or are survivals of the archaic form of the
'
participle.
" The sound of ing is absolutely never heard in the popular Northumbrian, except in accented syllables, such as bring, king, ring making is instinctively pronounced makan or makun." Ralph Carr,
:
the Present Participle in the Northumbrian Dialect, in Bwks. Naturalists' Club, vol. iv., 1856-62, p. 364.
On
the History of the
"
His glittered armour shined
far
away."
I.,
Spenser, Faerie Queen, Bk.
canto
vii.,
29.
IN, a meadow by the water
side.
See INGE.
IN AA,
is
also, too.
"Him
the
common sound
an' his brother wis there in aa." In of the abbreviation of and. See AN' AA.
INATWEEN,
the barn."
between.
" Ye'll find
him
inatween the cairt an'
IN-BYE, INBYESIDE, within. In the workings of a way inward from the shaft. A common inquiry at
door
afar
is
>
pit,
any
house.
off.
"Is thee fether in-by hinney ?" that is, In-by also means near, as distinguished from "oot-by," In the fields a man "oot-by" is a way off, and in-by
a house within the
he
is
about the premises.
An
in-by is also
an inner room.
INCENSE,
way
to cause to understand.
See INSENSE.
rolley-
INCLINE, INCLINE-BANK,
or on an
an inclined plane on a underground roadway.

;
INCOME,
an ulcer something that has come in from an outside cause as distinguished trom a "gathering" caused by internal bad blood, which is called "bred-venom." Compare
BRED-VENOM.
INCOMING,
coming next
in order.
"
The
incoming week."
INCOURISH,
to encourage.
400
addicted.
INDICTED,
INFANGENTHEOF, INFANGTHEFE,
judgment upon any
utfangthefe
a privilege to pass
committed within the jurisdiction of the lords of certain manours by their own servants, as
theft
signify'd
the
like
liberty
when
theft
was
committed by a stranger. Compare FANG. (Obs.)
Moderne World of Words, 1696.
ING.
is
in place names, and in Northumberland it by ham or the prevalent ton, as in Walh'wgton, Where the place takes Bavington, Ovingham, Belhwgham. " son of." its name from a family the affix ing means topping means the son of Eoppa, and Oving the son of Offa, and thus so on. Twenty-six places in Northumberland end in ing, twelve in ingham, and forty-eight in ington. J. V. Gregory, The numerous ingions Archaologia JEliana, vol. ix., p. 66. and inghams of Northumberland may have been imported in Further comparison their present form by Anglian settlers. See with Continental place-names is much to be desired.
This occurs
often followed
also INGE.
INGANNIN,
wor entry."
ingoing.
"
He
fell
doon
just at the ingannin o'
INGATE,
at the
the
way
in
specially applied to the

;
way into
mine
bottom of a shaft, or at any point in a shaft where the cages are stopped to enter a seam or to the way by which the air enters the workings of a pit.
INGE, ING,
(anciently
a meadow or pasture. In place-names, Ingo Inghou) Angertou, in Hartburn, Angerton, in Blenkinsopp, and Ingram are conjectured to belong to the
root.
same
INGRAM,
ignorant.
humorous perversion
of the word.
INGRATSOW,
ungrateful.
INGRINDEET,
ingrained; as
when
fixed in the pores of the skin from cleanliness.
particles of dirt become work or from neglect of
INHARIST,
IN
to enhance, to increase in cost or price.
HIM (pronounced in 'im). There is a very curious old saying current, "It's in 'im 'at ails him" something within him that ails him, some mental or occult trouble that is going
on.
40!
IN
IV,
in.
"
Yor
in iv a greet horry."
Still in
INKHORN,
an ink-bottle. an
general use.
INKLE, INCLE,
inferior kind of tape.
INK-STANDISH,
(Halliwell as ink-standage.) as standish in the church books of St. " Paid for a bottle for Nicholas', Newcastle, where the entry, the standish" occurs. See STANDISH.
an ink-stand.
The word appears
INLUTE,
INSENSE,
INSIGHT,
"
wooden bar
in a boat.
See INWIVER.
to drive an
argument or persuasion into a person.
household goods. Lord of Mangarton complains against Cuddie Taylor, and others, for two hundred kine and oxen, insight 20 sterling." W. Hutton, History of
Wall, 1802, p. 74.
Roman
INSPRESS
common
In [N.J, household goods, linen, furniture. use at Spital, more particularly amongst old people. Compare INSIGHT.
the entry from one mining royalty into another.
IN STROKE,
INSTROKE-RENT,
a rent charged by the lessor of a royalty whose pit is in another royalty to break the barrier between the two.
for allowing a lessee
INTAK,
intaks,
land taken
in.
The Town Moor
at
where portions of the land are fenced
Newcastle has in and let for
stated periods.
In mining, the ingoing airway.
INTAKERS.
and so
sort of Thieves heretofore frequent on the Borders of Scotland, call'd from their being the Receivers of such Pillage or Booty as their Accomplices, nam'd Out-partners, us'd to bring in." The Moderne World of Words, 1696, ed. 1706.
"A
INTI, INTIV, into. The vowel or a mute aspirate.
v is
used when the word precedes Compare INTIL.

oot
o'
INTID,
into
it.
"Are ye comin
the hoose or gan intid?"
INTIL, into. " Put them in till a poke." The use of this, like the use of other particles, is decided by euphony. See INTI.
INTI-THE-HOOSE,
the upstroke of a
pumping engine.
4 02
into.
INTIV,
Used when the next word begins with a vowe

under, below.
See INTI, INTIL.
INUNDER,
See ANUNDER.
a bar of
INWIVER, IN WAVER,
the inwivev.
for the seats or thofts to rest
wood put inside of a cob Within recollectic upon. no fishing boat was without a "holey-stone" suspended fro]
" cat-heads." nodules of iron, or
IRON-BALLS,
IRONS,
spurs.
IRONSTONE-BALLS.
See IRON-BALLS.
"
IS, used as the first person singular of the verb. am. " Is aa reet, or is aa not ?" 's
Aa
"
is
<
"I
ISBIL,
Isabella.
ISCA
ISCA
a Northumbrian shepherd's call to his dog.-
Brockett.
IS'T, is it. Is't is used in the strong "affirmative sense thus" Is't fower o'clock yes, indeed it is. yit ?" "Aye is't
IS TA, art thou. Used only in addressing a person young< than the speaker or one most intimate.
ISTEED,
IT, or
instead, in place of.

(or,
is
AT
as a
final,
or d only), that.
it
It is
used when
assertion
repeated, to give yormuthor; it will aa."
increased force, as -'Aa'l

"
te
IT, the person in a game who is in or has the innings. you're it (or hit)] gan on wi' ye." See HIT.
No
IV, in; used before a vowel. See word beginning with a consonant.
I',
which
is
used before
IVIN, the North-country name
for ivy.
See HIVIN.
L.
IVY OWL,
the tawny owl, Symium Jenny -hoolet and wood owl.

ivy bush.
aluco,
Known
also
IVY-TOD, an
IZLE,
a live ember of wood.
The embers
of a fire.
NORTHUMBERLAND WORDS
403
IZZARD,
JAA,
the letter
z.
JAW,
wave
or a breaker.
JAA, the jaw.

JAA,
talk, conversation,
impertinent talk.
JAABATION,
JAA-BLADES,
a jobation, a rigmarole and scolding discourse.
the jaws, the chafts.

a long and high-sounding word.
JAA-BREAKER,
JAAK
JAAP
or
JACK,
the jackdaw, Corvus momdula.
Called also
jack-cvaa
and jack-jaa.
,
,
[S. and T.] JAUP [N.], JAIP, JOPE [W.-T.] to smash by a sudden blow, as when two eggs are knocked The word occurs in old writing as jaip. Compare together.
"I'll garr thy harns jaip again" ("beat out all thy brains," in the margin). G. Stuart, Joco-Senous Discourse, 1686, p. 44.
JAP, JAUP.
JAB, a sharp
thrust, a prick, or peck.

for sinking.
JACK, an old name used when gins were doubled Where two were in use together, one of them,
mistakes,
to prevent
was usually
called a jack.
JACK,
riding coat.
iron plates within a occurs frequently in the Musters for Newcastle and Northumberland in 1539, &c.
a coat of armour
made by sewing
The word
JACK,
a jackdaw. See JAAK.
Sometimes
called a jack-jaa or jack-cvaa.
JACK-A-LEGS,
century ago.
"
a large, single-bladed clasp-knife, generally with a broad and square-ended blade. These formidable knives were much in vogue among Tyneside keelmen half a
Jack-a-legs, a large knife
pocket.
with a joint, so as to be carried in the Generally supposed to have obtained this name from Jacques
Brockett.
a Liege, a famous Flemish cutler."
JACKALALLY,
rope
rolls
a foolish person.
JACKANYEPS, JACKANAPES,
small rollers between the

pit
and pulleys of a whim on which a
rope runs.
404
JACK-AT-THE-WAT,
JACK-BAAL,
a boys'
flog
or small bag of a pig's intestines.
JACKET-THE-WAT
Compare JAWDY.
" rounders."
[N.],
the
game resembling
JACKET,
to
or thrash.
"A
good jacketing"
a sound
thrashing.
JACK-JAA,
a jackdaw. the
See JAAK.
of "follow
JACK-MAN,
It is
game
my
leader."
JACK-NECK,
the top or ridge tile of a sandstone roofing slate. a squared slate about fifteen inches deep by eight inches wide, with a deep notch cut on each side near the upper end. each side of the roof Jack-necks are arranged alternately on ridge, laid on with each notch fitting into its neighbour, and so cut in size that, when fitted close, they form a continuous The self-supporting ridge with a cock's comb-like apex. Rev. W. Featherstonhaugh, Proceedings of Newcastle Society of
Antiquaries, vol. v., p. 98.
JACK
O' LATTIN, a bright spot of reflected light, such as is " " produced by a small mirror or a tin or lattin reflector. It is played by boys as a practical joke to startle the passer-by.
a winch, consisting of a cylinder
JACK-ROLL, JACK-ROWL,
of
wood with a handle at each end, such as is seen in old draw wells. It is used in shallow shafts for winding and in other places where hand power only is available.
the rope used on a jack-roll.
or
JACK-ROLL ROPE,
JACK-RUN-THE-DYKE,
goose grass, Galium aparine.
ROBIN-RUN-THE-DYKE,
JACKS,
large fissures or cracks in the roof of a mine.
JACK-SNIPE,
It is
a small snipe.
JACK-STRIKE-UP- A-LIGHT,
a boys' game, played at night. a kind of nocturnal " fox and hounds." The " fox," after getting away, strikes a light, generally with flint and steel, at short intervals, and the chase is continued until the " fox " is
a worn-out horse, a useless
captured.
JADE,
JAG,
woman.
JAB.
to prick, to peck.
Compare
405
JAG,
a small watery blush.
See
WATER
JAG.
a goad used for urging on a donkey. J AGGER, now. Also a staff with an iron prong used for See also STEEKER.
Seldom seen
lifting turnips.
JAGGER-GALLOWAY,
carrying lead, &c.
smelting mill."
Grose.
a pony with a peculiar saddle for (Obs.) "The Derbyshire jagger is one who carries ore from the mine to the
Brockett.
JAIBLE,
JAIP,
to shake
water to and
fro in a vessel.
Brockett.
to dash, to smash.
See JAAP.
JAISTERIN,
swaggering, gesturing, gesticulating.

the jambs of a doorway or of a fireplace.
JAMB-STYENS,
JANIC,
JAP,
fair,
honest, genuine.
Japeet
[N.]
,
See JENICK.
spotted all over with any wet JAAP, JAUP, and JAA, i.
"
to splash.
adhesive substance.
Compare
JAP
[N.]
the strong jU. of jump.

;
He jap
the burn."
in long grass after
JARBLE,
dew
to wet, to bedew or rain. Brockett.
as
by walking
JAR-HANDLES,
ears.
a colloquial
name
for
large or prominent
JAR- WOMAN, an
of
occasional assistant in the kitchen
a sort
charwoman.
Brockett.
JASAY, JASEY,
or ja-say.
jazey.
wusset or wusted, but
Worsted was always pronounced better known by the name oljasey worsted wig was formerly called, for brevity, a
worsted.
it
was
JASAY-NEET-CAP, JASEY
NET
CAP,
a knitted cap
made
of worsted material, not unlike the conventional smuggler's cap.
JAUNIS, JENIS
[N.], JAANIS [T.] In early literary forms of the jaundice. iaunis, the d being excrescent.
,
JONAS
word
it
[W.-T.] occurs as
,
JAUP
adhering to any article. A spurt of water. "The sound of water agitated in a narrow or irregular vessel."
[N.]
a splash or smut of
mud
or dirt of
any kind
Brockett.
406
to
JAUP,
JAAP,
move
liquid irregularly, to splash.
Compare
JAA,
i,
and JAP.
JAVEL,
a gaol. The term is obsolete in colloquial language, but survives in the " Javel Group," the name of the lane or watering place between the Close and the river at Newcastle.
JAWDY,
the first stomach of an animal. The "chawdron" used by Shakspeare in the witches' scene in Macbeth may be synonymous. The term is applied to the edible entrails of
the pig, ox, and sheep, especially to the large bag of a pig.
Compare JACK-AT-THE-WAT.
JAY-LEGGED,
bent-legged.
small or feeble in the legs.
Query,
for jee, or
JAY-PIOT,
the jay, Garrulus glandavius.
magpie
is
called a
piot or planet.
JEAT, JEAD, JIT,

GEAT, JET.
cannel coal, bituminous shale,
jet.
See
JEE,
stop
the word to a horse, meaning turn to the right. turn right.

;
Jee-wo
JEE, JEE-Y,
bent, atwist, crooked, disorganised.
JEEBAL, JIBBLE,
or GEEBAL, a sickle mounted on the end of a pole, and used in fields as a "thristle cutter" for cutting down thistles. See GEEBALL.
JEELYCO,
JEEPS,
the
wood
angelica, Angelica
sylvestris,
L.
Called
also ground-ash.
a severe beating
a
joist.
a sound thrashing.
Brockett.
JEEST, JEEST,
just, nearly, close.
JEMMISEES,
hinges. Jimmies is still the term applied to a pair of hand-cuffs, which are hinged to admit, and then close round, the wrists.
JENICK, JENIC, JANNOCK, JANIC,
genuine, honest.
JENK,
to jink, to play a tune smartly, to rollick.
407
;
JEN KIN,
a passage driven in a pillar of coal or a slice taken A loose-jenkin is a similar place driven along the side of a pillar, and open to the bord along that side. To The attenuated jenkin means to reduce the size of a pillar. " stook " pillar thus left is called a
off a pillar.
JENNY-CUT-THROAT, JENNY-CUT-THROATER,
whitethroat, Curruca
cinerea.
cut-throat, lady -lint-white,
the variously called white-kitty, and what-e-whey-bird, or whushie-whey

It is
beard (hear the Border).
"This
is
the
distributed."
commonest of our warblers, and is very generally John Hancock, Birds of Northumberland and Durham, p. 72.
a flounder.
glacialis,
JENNY-FLUCKER,
JENNY-FOSTER,
the long-tailed duck, Harelda
L.
JENNY-HOOLET,
JENNYPER-BUS
GlNIFER, JlNIFER.
insect
orelaela,
the tawny owl. Hoolet, only, is most frequently heard in North Northumberland, where the prefix Jenny is not common.
[N.]
,
the juniper, Juniperus communis.
See
JENNY-SPINNER,
called
or
LANG-LEGGED TYELEOR,
the
the
L.
daddy-long-legs or Harry-long-legs, Jenny -spinner, a teetotum.

will-o'-the-wisp.
Tipula
JENNY-WI'-THE-LANTERN,
called Kitty -wi -the -wisp.
1
Also
JENNY-WREN, JENNY-RAIN,
JESP
,
the wren, Troglodytes parvulus.
See KITTY-WREN and KITTY-MA-RAIN.

[N.] a gap, hole, or flaw in a texture. signs of wear are also termed jesps.
Spots of dirt and
JETHART LA A,
afterwards.
Jedburgh justice that is, hang first, try Elsewhere similar expressions prevail, as at
Lydford
" First hang and draw, Then hear the cause by Lydford law ! "
And
The
at Halifax
" Lidford law
expression,
like
is
despatch of justice in criminal causes in those parts." Words, 1696.
(from Lidford, a town in Cornwall), a proverbial signifying to hang men first, and judge them afterwards said of Halifax in Yorkshire, probably from the quick
;
Moderne World of
408
to
TEW,
but always used in the appear sensible of pain, " He never an animal indicates jewed it." When negative. The phrase in any member it is said to "mean" it. pain " " He niver is used when after any heavy trial or jewed it or when after heavy bodily grief a person remains undaunted,
fatigue a person
is still fresh.
JEWKRY-PAWKRY,
PAWKRY.
underhand
dealing.
See
JOOKERY-
JEW-LIMESTONE,
sill
in the lead-mining district. stone.
a bed of limestone lying below the whin Query, dhu, or black, lime-
JIGGER,
applied as a cant phrase to an out-of-the-way person.

,
JIGOT
[N.]
a leg of mutton.
JIMCRANK,
JIMMER,
a cranky contrivance or loose-jointed machine.
See GIMCRANK,
a pair of hinges.
See JEMMISEES.
JIMMER, GIMMER,
JIMMIES,
JINIFER,
hand-cuffs.
one of the pairs of a forked branch.
See JEMMISEES.
juniper, Juniperus communis,

Jenipev barry
L.
North Northumberland the form
is jeniper.
See GINIFER. In Jeniper bus
juniper bush.
juniper berry.
of
JINK, a slip, an when struck.

JINK,
to clink.
escape. "
The sound
any metallic substance
They jinked
thor glasses."
JIRBLE,
JIRT
JIRT,
[N.]
to jumble.
,
Halliwell's Diet.
See JAIBLE.
dram
or small quantity of drink.
to jerk.
See JORT.
,
JIT
[S.
jit"
and T.] jet; also a coarse cannel coal. "Black as In general use. In North Northumberland jeet, geat.
JOB,
to thrust with a stab, as when a sudden stroke with a sharp instrument is given. Compare JAB.
JOCK AND JOCK'S MAN, " follow my leader."
a children's game, generally called
409
JOGGLE,
a "shake" or Z-shaped crease made in any flat surface, especially in a bar of iron where it is required to make the bar fit close upon a surface. This is seen where a flat bar or an angle bar is made to fit the surface of over-
lapping plates.
The overlap makes

is
a step, and the bend
made
to
fit
the step
called a joggle.
JOHNEE-DORIES,
the fish
known
See
as pout and sooter.
JOHNNY JACKSON'S DAY.

JOIT, a sudden
stop.
,
GWONNY
JOKESANE'S DAY.
Halliwell's Diet.
But see JORT.
JONAS
[W.-T.]
jaundice.
See JAUNIS.
JOOK, JOUK, to duck one's head so as to avoid a blow. An old woman gave her son, who had joined the army, much wise
council as to his conduct and general behaviour and added, "When thoo sees a cannon baal coming, jook, Jimmy, jook."
;
See JOWK and DOOK.
JOOK,
to overreach, to deceive.
JOOKERY-PAWKRY,
to mystify or mislead.
hocus-pocus, humbug, something used
JOPE
[W.-T.] to clash together, as paste eggs are struck in the endeavour to find out the harder one. See JAAP, JAUP.
,
JORT, JIRT,
to jerk.
fall
JOUKINS,
grains which
from the sheaves in carrying them
into the barn to be threshed. of the carriers of the sheaves.
The joukins are Compare JOOK,
the perquisite
i.
JOWEL,
JOWL,
a small rippling wave.

;
to strike two substances together especially to strike the wall of a coal-pit by way of signal. It is used to ascertain the relative positions of one working party by another. Imprisoned pitmen, after an accident in a colliery, are heard jowlin to indicate their position to the relief party.
JOWLIN,
the cracking, rending sound heard are removed from a mine working.
the jaws.
when
the props
JOWLS,
Compare CHAFFS.
4IO
dubious.
is
JUBUS, JUVUS,
JUD,
the portion of coal at which the hewer down. nicked, and ready to be brought
to butt as a sheep.
Brockett.
working, kirved,
JUDD,
other.
or more JUD-NUT, JUDDY-NUT, two dud-nut.
Brockett gives this as
nuts united to each See ST. JOHN and
ST. MARY.
JUG,
to
roost on the go to rest; as partridges when they

Brockett.
ground."
JUMLY,
applied to a liquid " disturbed. Jumly coffee."
where
sediment has been
JUMLY-BED,
or undulates to the tread. See also SHOG-BOG.

;
a soft bed of peaty moss or bog, which jumbles Joggle-bog has the same meaning.
JUMP,
to agree in conclusion. to meet with has been made, the parties are said to jump
When
if
a bargain
their reckoning
agrees.
JUMP,
its
to jerk a hot bar of iron on an anvil, so as to increase thickness by repeated blows, or jumps made by knocking the bar itself against the face of the anvil. Or to drill a hole with a heavy drilling tool having a chisel point. It is raised, or jumped up, and allowed to descend with its own weight.
JUMPER,
the
a long drilling rod worked by hand. found in cheese and bacon are called jumpers.
name
The maggots Jumper is also
of a short jacket.
JUNK,
pool.
a sheer descent or precipitous drop in the bed of a river ; is formed by the edge of a line of rocks where the gradual slope suddenly drops down as a step, making a deep
such as
See CANCH.
a basket for catching fish.
to
JUNKET,
JUSTIFY,
a
execute.
On
the Borders the execution of

led
to
rough
"
and ready
justice
somewhat summary
proceedings.
or executed on the spot."
Robert Robson was at once and for the terrifying of others justified, Dr. Charlton, North Tynedale, p. 42.
JYE, AJYE, wry and awry
JYE,
to turn aside.
"
,
4!
crooked.
Aa cannaj^ me
neck,
it's
that
stiff."
Brockett.
KAA,
to drive, to impel, as to turn a wheel, or drive anything forward. " Kaa me, kaa thee," or " Kaa me an' aa'll kaa thee," a common saying, meaning "Help me and I'll help you," or " One good turn deserves another." See CAA, 3.
!
KAA
An exclamation denoting impatience or often spoken of as gah or gaa, and geh, a " shortening of get away."
!
KEH
go
contempt.
It is
KAA-WAA,
KAB,
crooked, twisted, awry.

as " go kdb" or " gosh cab," an exclamation.
KEB
See
EXCLAMATIONS.
KABBISHIN,
a bridle used injiorse-breaking.
KAFF,
hoose,
chaff.
Koff-cutter
a straw-cutter, a hay-cutter.
Kaff-
a corn-threshing machine for receiving the chaff as it leaves the fanners of the " dighter," or winnower. See CAFF.
a
compartment
connected
with
KAFF,
calves.
where
calf. Kaff-hoose, a house with pens for rearing Kaff-yaird, calf-yard ; applied in speaking of the spot " a person is born and reared. canny kaff-yaird"
Wor
See CALF-YAIRD.
KAG, CAG,
a keg, a cask.
,
" Paide for a cagge of struggen [sturgeon] Accounts, October, 1594.
125."
Newcastle Municipal
KAICKEL,
KECKLE.
to cackle.
"
The hen myed
sic
kaickelin.''
See
KAIL,
a turn
so used
among schoolboys
in their
games.
" It's
my
kail."
Brockett.
KAIL,
cabbage, greens.
kail,
Brockett.
"Kail, kale
Manx
Northern English from Gaelic (Celtic). Welsh cawl. Cognate with Latin caulis."
and Irish
Skeat,
cal,
Concise
Etymological Dictionary, third edition.
4 I2
KAIL, KYEL,
house.
soup.
"
is
After a marriage ceremony there used broth. to be " a race for the kail" from the church to the bridegroom's
broth made with oatmeal. Tatie kail, potato the same of fish. Spice kail, broth with See KYEL. raisins or currants in it.
Meal
kail,
Fish
kail,
The first person arriving there is entitled to the kail. This custom disused in this neighbourhood." Note to Collier's Wedding, edition 1829.
"
Your bonny grey mear has

An' yor aad
wife's
lost
1
her
tail,
1
drown'd wi a pot o het
kail."
R. Surtees, "Life."
Surtees Society,
No.
24, p. 47.
"
Geea ne
better kail nor ye can sup yorsel."
Proverb.
KAIL-BLADE,
"Get a cauld
a cabbage leaf.
kail-blade .an'
lay
on yer head."
James Armstrong,
Anither Sang, 1872.
KAIL-GARTH,
KAIL-POT,
pots
a kitchen garden, any cottage garden.
It is specially applied to any a pot for broth. The of the antique shape which yet survives. body of the pot is almost spherical, the upper portion terminating in a broad lip or collar, at the sides of which ears The pot stands on three feet, like for suspension are cast. When in use it is suspended by a bow handle over spikes. the fire, and is familiar as the gipsy kettle. It is still in
made
common
use in
many
farmhouses.
KAIM
[N.], a comb, crest, ridge.
See CAM, KEYEM, KYEM,
KAME, and the next word below.
KAIMS,
ridges or elongated mounds of gravelly matter, more or less irregular in shape. The words comb, kayme, and cam in such place-names as Comb-hill, Kayme- ford, Caw-hill, are all variant forms of kaim, that is comb, a crest or ridge. Comb in Acomb, Wmcomblee, etc., is a misspelling for ham as
Akham,
KAINGY, KEENGY,
when one
is
11
cross-tempered, irritable,
cat left the lad but a shillin."
J.
uneasy
as
suffering.
kaingy
The
awd
P. Robson, " The Kittlin Legacy." Bards of the Tyne, 1848,

is
p. 56.
KAIRN, KIRN,
a churn. A crooked sixpence put into the kairn to avert witchcraft.
sometimes
413
KAIRN, KIRN,
to churn.
"Butter guid as ere was kiyn'd." T. Donaldson, Poems, 1809,
p. 79.
KAIRN-BABBY,
KAIRN-MILK,
or
KAIRN-DOLLY,
2.
the kirn-baby.
See
MELL-DOLL and KERN,
butter-milk.
KAIRN-SUPPER,
KAIRT, CAIRT,
the kirn or harvest supper.
a cart.
See KAYRT, CAIRT.

;
KAI STOCK,
kail-staak.
a cabbage stalk See CASTOCK. a colander.
probably a shortened form of
KALENDER,
KALL,
a waterfall.
See CAAL,
3.
KALLUST,
callous, hard. a runched or kallust place.
hard lump in the flesh
is
called
KAME, KAIM,
a comb.
See CAM and KAIM,

in his wild "
1
i.
"There the muircock he becks
of the heather ye ken his red kame. Wanny, 1879.
mossy hame; o'er the tops James Armstrong, Wild Hills o'
KAMMEL,
PENCIL.
probably
soft slate.
Compare CAM and CALM

p. 76.
" Blue kammel, 2 feet 3 inches."
Borings and Sinkings, L.R.,
KAMSTEERY, KAMSTARIE, KAMSTARRY,

perverse,
wild,
unmanageable
" Ses Willy
as
"a
kamsteery
horse."
See
CAMSTARY.
Dean
to loyal
Tom,
;
Yor words is awl a joke, man For Geordy winna he' yor help,
Yo'r
sic kamstarie folk,
man."
Song, The Pitman's Revenge, 1804.
KARS, KERSE,
cress.
WATTER-KARS,
water-cress
also
called well-karses.
KASILTY, CASILTY,
"
in doubtful health or condition; applied to sheep, etc., when their strength is precarious. "Some o' the lambs is nobbut casilty"
ties."
Kazzardly, adj., cattle subject to die; hazardous, subject to casualRay's Gloss., E.D.S.
KAVEL,
fixed
;
the ballot by which the working places in a pit are also the strips of tillage land in the common fields. See CABLE, CAVEL, KEVEL, and Casting kavels casting lots.
KYEVEL.
KAYRT,
gal."
a cart.
See CAIRT.
" Nickel
Urn was driving away and whistlin in his kayrt leyke a nightenThomas Bewick, The Upgetting, edition 1850, p. 14.
a heave up.
"
REACH,
the blue, the bonny,
bonny
blue,
And I wish the blue may do weel, And every auld wife that's sae jealous
May
she get a good heach
o' her dochter the creel." Song, The Reach i' the Creel.
i'
READ, RAED,
a sheep's louse.
The muck that
infests sheep.
REAHM,
" Aw's
a comb.
See RYEM.
this
warn a keahm hessint been in't Bewick, The Howdy, etc., edition 1850, p. 10.
twe months."
Thomas
REAV,
bounce and bang about. " dingin iverybody ower." See RYEV.
to
He
gans keavin aboot,
REAVE,
REVEL,
a large,
awkward
foot.
"
The
heaves o' Lorbottle,"
jocose saying used against the Lorbottle folks, alleged to have huge, shapeless feet. Compare
3.
who were RYUTS and
REB,
to drop a called a fobbed
dead lamb. When a lamb dies in birth it is lamb and tbe mother a fobbed yow. On these occasions the skin of the fobbed lamb is flayed and put upon a strange lamb. This is brought to the foster mother to be suckled, who, smelling the skin of her own progeny, allows the stranger to approach her and take her milk.
to turn in the knees or toes in walking. bowdykite wis gan alang fobbin his feet."
REB,
"
The
little
REB, an Go CAB.
exclamation.
"Go
Brockett.
fob,
gan oot
ma
road."
See
REBBUCR,
a cheese.
REB-HOOSE,
partitions
lambing season.
the shelter erected for the young lambs in the The keb-hottse is divided by small stalls or called "
perricks.''
415
KECKLE, KOCKLE,
fully, to
to cackle, to laugh, to chuckle boast-
make
a noise in the throat
when swallowing.
KECKS, KEX,
;
hollow-stalked plants in general, but especially the cow-parsnip, Herackum sphondylium, L. "What a smell " Aa's what are ye deein ?' thor is oney boilin' kecks for the
pigs."
See COW-KEEKS.
fill
oneself with meat. Ray. KEDGE, to KEDGE-BELLY, a large protuberent stomach,
a glutton.
KEED-UP,
horse.
get
up
Generally addressed by a driver to his
KEEK,
the soup formerly served out to poor people. "Did ye no knaa that he was browt up on keek?" J.
a peep, a prying glance. " Tom Cavers and me, fra West Moor,
L. Luckley,
Alnwick Language.
KEEK,
On
a kind of a jollification,
folks call a tour, keek at the state o' the nation."
Yen day myed what some

For a
R. Gilchrist,
d. 1844, Collier's
Keek at
the Nation.
KEEK,
to look at, to peep, to pry.

"
spy-glass."
Wi
1
" " Keekin looking round a corner. by that can tell what's i' yor heed, Chaps
keekin at the nobs without."
''Just keek through the
T. Wilson, Pitman's Pay, pt. iii., 1829, v. go. " Forst aa keek'd this way, then aa keek'd that way then aa torns half roond an tries to keek ower me showlder." His Other Eye, 1880, p. 2. " We'll keek into the linty's nest." James Armstrong, Charms of the
;
Coquet.
KEEKER,
an overlooker at a pit, whose business examine the "coals as they come out of the mine.
the eyes.
it
is
to
KEEKERS,
cant term.
KEEK-HOLE,
a peep-hole. a looking-glass.
KEEKIN-GLASS,
" There's blythesome Tibby Richison, she is a bonny lass; The water-trough, where oft aw drank, may serve as keeking-glass." " Robin Spraggon's Auld Grey Mare." Northumbrian Minstrelsy, 1882, p. 135.
KEEK-KEEK,
seek.
the
word used by children
in playing hide-and-
416
to cool.
KEEL,
11
"
Keeling the pot

'
"
is
game played amongst
children in
Northumberland.
'
girl
comes
The answer is, Then

'
the ladle, which joiner is either sick or dead."
in exclaiming, Mother, mother, the pot's boiling ower.' The difficulty is to get get the ladle and keel it.' ' is up-a-height,' and the steul wants a leg, and the
'
Bvockett.
fele
" For na licour sal thai fynd to
That thair
threst
mught
sleke
and thair hertes kele." " The Pricke of Conscience"

Morris,
1.
6,763.
KEEL,
and
soft,
red,
ochraceous shale, used for marking sheep,

joiners.
for
making the large red pencils used by " Aw paints wi' chalk an' keel my feyce."
J.
P. Robson, Billy Purvis's Bundle, 1849.
KEEL,
The keel on Tyne and a large cargo-carrying boat. formerly used for the conveyance of coal from the dykes, or staiths, in the upper and shallower reaches of the river, to the collier ships at their various berths in the harbour.
Wear was
" Weel
may
the
keel
row
That
my
laddie's in."
Song, The Keel Row.
KEEL,
a measure of coals, equal to eight Newcastle chaldrons or twenty-one tons four hundredweight. The carrying capacity " She carries of vessels is frequently stated in keels. twentyfive keels."
KEEL-BULLY,
mate or comrade on board a keel. term used for this species of watermen bullies is also a common appellation among the people concerned in the coal works for brothers." Brand's History of Newcastle, 1789, vol. ii., p. 262, note.
a
" Keel-bullies is a
;
KEEL-DEETER, KEEL-DIGHTER, a keel tidier or cleaner. "

The wives and daughters
'
of the keelmen were, in old times, called

'
because they had the privilege of dighting,' or sweeping up, and taking away the sweepings for their pains." R. J. Charleton, Newcastle Town, 1885, p. 327.
keel-deeters,'
KEELER,
"
an ancient name
for a
keelman.
serve in the barges who are called heelers." Tynemouth Gibson's Monastery of Tynemouth, vol.i., p. 139. Chartulary, A.D. 1322.
The men who
KEELMAN,
one of the crew of a keel.

a keelman.
KEELY, KEELEY,
KEELY-HAAK, the kestrel, Falco tinnunculus, L., the commonest

it
falcon in the North of England. the name of keely-hawk.
" Its note " keely-keely gives
417
KEELY-VINE,
a pencil, originally a pencil made from keel, but applied generally to " vines" or pencils. A preacher, annoyed by seeing a shorthand writer at work below him, proceeded in his sermon till he had delivered a very emphatic " Man wi' sentence, when he leaned over the pulpit and said, the keely-vine ! put that doon."
KEEN,
an oblong a crack in the skin caused by frost bark, wood, earth, stones, strata, or ice. Hodgson MS. " Keen, caustic applied to wens or ulcers." Brockett
;
slit
in
KEEPIN-HOGS,
KEEPIN-PIGS,
them.
"
sheep which are kept on to the second or third year before they are fattened for the market.
pigs suitable for keeping in order to fatten
Pigs.''
For
sale
Eight Keeping
Advt., Newcastle Daily Journal, April
8,
1891.
KEEPS,
the parts that hold down an axle in its bearing on the cod. The catches which fall out after the passage of a cage in a pit and support it till ready to be lowered, when they are withdrawn by a lever. See KEPS.
to play at a game in which each keeps his turn in rapid succession.
KEEP-THE-POT-BOILIN,
KEEP-WALL,
KEERN,
an old term
"
for the
Roman
Wall.
a grain of corn.
keern o'
wheat."
KEG-MEG, CAG-MAG,
KEID, KYED,
KEIL,
a large hay-cock.
meat of
inferior quality.
fastened with a key.
See KYE,
2.
See KYLE.
KELD,
the smooth part of a stretch of water. A slight roughness on the surface of water is called a "lepper," and a " caal " when roughened by the wind.
"The watermen about Heworth Shore call the smooth, oily, and unrippled parts of the surface of the Tyne by the name of kelds."
Hodgson MS.
KELD,
to
thump
Northumberland.
Halliwell.
Compare KELK.
KELE, WILD-KELE,
wild kale, Brassica okracea, L.
KELK, KELKER,
a severe blow.
418
to strike strongly.
KELK,
KELK,
the roe or milt of a
fish.
KELKS,
KELT,
plants with hollow stalks.
See KECKS.
fish.
a salmon that has just spawned, an unclean
KELTER,
KELTY,
money, condition.
to
" In good
falter
"
in
good form.
unwilling." (Obs.)
" to persuade one to it, tho' give one falty, G. Stuart, Joco-Serious Discourse, margin, p. 32.
KEMB,
a stronghold
a term used by the Borderers.
Brockett.
Compare KAIMS.
KEMMEL'S-PATH, GAMMEL'S-PATH,
the
name
of the
northernmost portion of the Roman Watling Street which leads from High Rochester (Bvemenium), crosses the head of Coquet at Chew Green camp (Ad Fines], and thence passes
into Scotland.
pp. 208-211.)
Gamblespath.
(See Hodgson, Northumberland, pt. iij., vol. ij., It is also spelt Campespeth, Kemylpethe, and
KEMP,
an impetuous youth.
Compare HEMP.
KEMP,
to contend or race in shearing corn. The use of reaping machines has put an end to this competition, or nearly so. " The stormy kemp, or emulous struggle for the honour of the ridge
end."
Richardson's Table Book, Leg. Div., vol.
ij.,
p. 372.
KEMPIN,
a contest between reapers in the harvest

fighting cocks, the
lanceolata.
field.
KEMPS,
stems and seed heads of the are called by children famps or soldiers," and are used to kemp or fight with. One holds out a stalk and his opponent strikes, the object being to decapitate the adversary.
Plottage "
They
KEMPS,
KEN,
11
hairs amongst wool.
to
know, to be acquainted with.

kens the
1
Compare KNAA.
;
bauds on Tosson hills, he kens the holes at Rae there's no' a den roun' the kailstone but he kens weel, I trow, an' a' the holes on Lanston he kens them thro and thro'." James Armstrong, Kielder Hunt.
1879.
He
419
KENGUD,
mark
left
on the face from a blow.
KENNER
An expression used at a pit, signifying time to give up work, shouted down the shaft by the banksman where practicable, and conveyed into the workings from mouth to mouth. Greenwell's Glossary of Coal Trade Terms, 1849.
!
KENNIN,
a measure; half a bushel that the Inventory of Norham Castle, 1344-5, it
is,
two pecks.
In
is spelt kenine.
KENSPECKLE, KENSPECKLED, "

known, easy
"
to
be recognised.
Thon chep
conspicuous, wellwi' the white
hat's kenspeckle eneuf."
By
Jove,
last year.
it's Burnt Tom,' the very fox that beat the dogs so often Yonder he goes, with the beauties at his kenspecklt brush."
'
James Armstrong, North Tyne Hounds,
1879.
KENT
[N.]
a pole used for leaping
and
for setting a boat.
Compare POWEY. " When the stream
is of equal depth, a kent or pole is used." Richardson's Table Book, Leg. Div. vol. ij,, p. 175. " Whante, or qvante, long sprete or rodde." Quante, or sprete, rodde. Prompt. Parvulorum. Quont, a pole to push a boat onwards (E. Anglia and East Sussex). Quant, a walking stick (Kent). Way." Note to above.
t
KENT,
"
to propel a boat with a kent.
A man had just
been kented over the Tweed."
Richardson, above.
KEP,
same
to catch in falling, or to catch time.
and retain
at
one and the
" This place (Kepier) takes its name from the Yare or Wear, the dam, which there was built across the river, and which contained the trap for kepping (catching) the fish." Rev. Canon Green well, Transactions of
Tyneside Naturalists' Field Club, vol.
vi., p. 9, note.
KEP,
to intercept, to meet.
"
Aa
kept 'im
comin thregh (from)
the market."
KEP,
KEPEET
[N.],/.*. of keep; p.p. keppen.
KEPPER,
a spawning fish or kipper.
KEPPIN-POST,
which fastens the gate,
the gate post at the side where the chain, is looped. It is the " catching post." Its counterpart, the post on which the gate hinges, or from which it hangs, is called the " hingin-post."
420
a
KEPPY-BAA,
ball, a ball made to catch, or kep. called a " stotty-baal," but a keppy-baal is of leather, sewn together and generally made of segments stuffed with sawdust or "chisel" (bran), and frequently
hand
is
rebounding ball
"crulled" with coloured wools. Keppy-baals are generally " of girls. the " play lakins They are thrown up and caught in the hand to a child's rhyme
:
"
Keppy-baa, keppy-baa, corban tree, Come doon the lang lonnin, an' tell Hoo many 'ear aad aa he' ti be."
ti
me
kepper
Each time the ball was kepped counted for a year, and if the was clever she was sometimes promised patriarchal
years.
KEPS,
form
the catches or rests at the top of a pit shaft on which the cage is caught and rested whilst the tubs are being This word is often written keeps, but its spoken changed.
is keps.
KERB,
to cut.
variant of
kirve.
KERN, KERN,
a churn.
See KAIRN.
"
" To is the term the finish of harvest. get their kern used when shearers talk of finishing the harvest. The "last " cut of corn was the object of a struggle among the shearers. It was made into the form of a large doll, dressed with
ribbons,
melt-doll.
The
and called the kern-doll, kern-babby, corney-doll, or It was borne in triumph at the head of a procession.
is
last business, before
kirn" when a verse
" shout the leaving the fields, is to repeated, such as the following from the
;
Wansbeck
" Blessed be the day our Saviour was born For Master 's corn's all well shorn, And we will have a good supper to-night, And a drinking of ale, and a kirn !
A him !
ahoa
"
All uniting at the close in a simultaneous shout. In Glendale a somewhat abbreviated version of the harvest is in
rhyme
use
"
The
We
master's corn is ripe, and shorn, bless the day that he was born.
!
Shouting a kirn
a kirn
ahoa
"
In South Northumberland the rhyme used " Our master kind has cut his corn, God bless the day that he was born.
was
Many
Good crops
years yet may he live, of corn to cut and sheave."
421
KERN-SUPPER,
MELL-SUPPER.
the feast at the finish of the harvest.
See
KERSE-CROSS,
chris-cross.
KERSEN, KORSEN, KIRSEN, to christen. KERSMAS, KORSMAS, KAIRSMAS, KERSENMISS,

Christmas.
KERSTY, the Christian name Christiana. KERVE, to cut. See KIRVE and KIRVIN.
" Avoutrie
kerveth
atwo and breketh
at wo
hem
that
first
were made
on
flesh."
Persones Tale, p. 104.
KESLUP, KESLOP,
41
the stomach.
the Keslop snug an' tight." T. Donaldson, Poems, 1809, P- 106. " Kittle a Newcastle trope for chastisement. Warm your keslop a metaphor for a hot-pot." Brockett. your keslop
i'
*
'
'
'
Taut
KESSEN,
REST.
the p.p. of
cast.
Sometimes the form
is cassen.
See
'
KESSLE,
KEST,
syun
the
the stomach.
p.t.
of
cast.
In general use.
"
He
kest his claes
ower
an' gat caad."

"
That infernall Monster having kest His wearie foe into that living well."
Spenser, Faerie Queene, bk.
i.,
canto
xi.,
stanza 31.
KET,
But applied also to the stinking, unhealthy, diseased. carcases of animals dying a natural death, and dressed for the market without being bled as ket meat or deed ket. "Ah, " an exclamation of disgust on sniffing a bad smell. kitty ket !
"
Ket, putrid meat, chiefly that of horses given to hunting hounds."
Hodgson
MS.
KETMENT,
a dirty mixture, any sort of
filth.
Brockett.
KETTLE, a feast at which salmon is the chief item on the bill of fare. Kettles are often held in pic-nic fashion on the Tweed or on the coast, and the board is spread before the fish is caught.
KETTLE,
river
a pot-hole or circular hole, scoured out in a rocky
bed by the swirling action of pebbles which have lodged From their resemblance to the form originally in a crevice.
of cauldrons, these holes are known as pot-holes or kettles. " The Kettles " is the name of a tract of land, which abounds in pot-like cavities, near Wooler.
422
[N.], an egg-ended
KETTLE-BOILER
'
steam
boiler.
KETTY, disgusting, nasty. "A ketty butcher" meat. See KET. supposed to deal in diseased "
A
hefty
one who
is
cur'
a nasty, stinking fellow."
Ray's Glossary, E.D.S.
KEUSTRAN, KEVEL, KYEVEL,

field.
a " fulsom sloven."

a
lot,
(Obs.)
a strip of tillage land in.the
common
See KYEVEL, CAVIL, CABLE.
" We'll cast hevels us amang, See wha the man may be
The kevel fell on Brown Robyn, The master man was he."
Robin Hood.
The sense of lot Icelandic kefli, a bit of round stick. arose, I think, from the practice of drawing cuts 'that is, each person drew a bit of stick from some one's fist, and he who drew the shortest was successful." Note by Professor Skeat, May 27, 1891.
"
'
'
Compare
'
KEVEL, KEVIL, KYEVEL,

hammer.
"
a sound like the blow from a
She cowped him ower the kail-pot with a kevil." " Sawney Ogilby's Duel." Bell's Rhymes, 1812.
a stone
KEVEL, KYEVEL,
KYEVEL-HAMMER.
hammer, the common gavcL
See
KEVEL, KYEVEL,
like the
to break with a hammer, to make a noise " sound of a heavy blow. " Kevellin sty ens breaking
stones for
macadam.
See KECKS.
KEX,
hemlock, the cow parsnip.

[S.]
,
KEYEM
loading
a comb.
See KYEM.
in
KEY-LOKE,
it.
an armful of hay put on each corner of a cart
KEYS,
the fruit of the ash tree, Fraxinus excelsior, L. A bunch of these keys carried in the hand was supposed to be a charm
against witchcraft.
KI, KIV, quoth. Either form is used, as euphony suggests. This is one of the many instances of modified particles, which are affected by the open sound following them. TV 'and tiv,
wi'
and
and biv, all follow a similar usage. wiv, he and hev, Ki Geordy, " How where are ye gannin ? " " Bob J. Selkirk, Cranky's 'Size Sunday."
!
Thomas
" Kih she, yeh
fancy." The same. may say what yeh leyke, but Aze suer aw's reet." Bewick, The Howdy. The Teyne-Seyde Dialect Sixty Years Seyne,
Kiv aw, " Lass, thou's myed to
maw
Allan's Collection, p. 318.
reprint 1850, p. 9.
423
KIBBLE,
a small tub, containing about twenty gallons, used in a pit for sinking purposes, or for conveying rubbish from one place to another, in which case it is run on a tram.
to thrash.
KIBBLE,
From
" If aa catch ye, aa'll kibble ye weel."
kevel,
a stick.
See KEVEL,
4.
KICK,
the top of the fashion in other language, quite the Brockett. just the thing. Compare KICKMASHAW.
go
KICKMASHAW,
"
extravagant, foppish.
has long been thought odd, for his kickmashaw airs." R. Gilchrist, d. 1844, When Sir Tommy was made an Oddfellow. "Kickshaw, a dish in French cookery; applied metaphorically to a
fantastic
He
coxcomb."
Halliwell.
KICK-UP, an
apparatus at a
cradle, by which a on to the screen.
tram
is
pit bank, made like an iron tipped upside down and emptied
KICK-UP, any
turmoil.
kind of disturbance, as a house cleaning or a
KIDDY,
"
a son, a native or familiar. Show what noted kiddies fre Newcastle toon hes
flit."
W.
Armstrong,
" Newcastle Worthies," Marshall's Songs, 1825, p. 196.
KIDGEL,
a cudgel. To "tyek defence of an argument.
up the
kidgels" is to stand in
KIDNEY-IRONSTONE,
KILL-COW, "
Ye needna mind, I'm
ironstone nodules.
; ;
a matter of consequence a serious affair as sure it's nae sic great kill-cow." In reference most probably to a blow that is sufficient to knock down or kill a cow. Jamieson.
of
killed.
KILLEN, p.p.
KILLIN-STYUL,
scraped.
a killing-stool. It is made with four legs at the ends, like a handbarrow. Pigs, etc., after being killed, are laid on the Mllin-styul to be dressed or
and with handles
KILLOGIE,
kiln,
a small recess in the fire-hole of an oat drying fire is usually fed with the " sheelin-seeds," or outer husks of the grain.
where the
424
an upset heels over head.
KILLY-COUPER,
"
Killie is a plank or beam placed on a wall so Killicoup, a somerset. A child then that one end projects a good way further than the other. the long end, while two or three press down the places himself upon short end, so as to cause him to mount." Jamieson.
KILLYMAUKEE,
common
KILT,
in
N. Northumberland.
a blue, freckled variety of potato, once very It resembles the forty-foal.
to gather up, to tuck up. Applied to the action of a horse in gathering up his heels to kick, or to the gathering up of a woman's dress. Formerly to hoist up or hang.
if.
KIN,
Compare GIN.
Thomas Bewick, The
Upgetting,
"Shouting as kin yen was deef."

edition 1850, p. 12.
KINCH-PINCH,
is
"time" cried in a contest. cry kinchThis is a quite recent to call for breathing time. pinch" The form was originally king's introduction in boys' play.
speech.
"To
KIN-COUGH, hooping-cough. See KINK-HOAST. KINE-GATE, KINE-GEAT, KYE-GATE, the

of cow-gate
11
;
plural forms
stint or
pasturage for cows.
Thomas
said four closes."

vol. in., p. 369.
Riddell shall have four kine-geats to go and depasture in the Award of 1605.- Richard Welford, History of Newcastle,
KJNEY, sly. KING-CUP,
"
He just
teuk a kiney leuk."

Called
the marsh marigold, Caltha palustris, L.
also watter-gollan.
KING'S-CUSHION,
child's
a sort of seat made by crossing their hands, on which to place a third.
two persons
Brockett.
game.
KING'S-HOOD, the wood geranium, Geranium sylvaticum, L. KING'S-SPEECH, a truce called in a boys' game. When an
is desired during the course of a game, a truce calls out " King' s-speech an' The formula secures .him immunity, and he barley bay." cannot be caught out till play is resumed. "There is another common expression in boyish sports, which, if
adjustment or stoppage
the one
who
desires
confined to the North, I should be inclined to connect with Border ' It is the cry of 'kings-speech,' or king's-play (now queen's-play in Newcastle) which, the moment it is heard from either is a stopper to all the party, advantages common to the game in neglect of any rule, and a signal for five minutes' truce. The game of Scots and need hardly be mentioned as another instance." W. H. D. English Longstaffe, Observations on Martial Mottoes. Richardson's Reprint of
recollections.
1
' '
Denham's
Slogans, p. 27.
425
KINK,
to catch the sides, as in a spasm with violent laughter. " Wey, smash maw skin, aw kink'd an' laft, When roond an' roond she swaggerin' waft." J. P. Robson, Wov Molly torned Bloomer.
" It is spoken of children eager crying or coughing."
when
their breath is long stopp'd through
Bailey, from Ray.
KINK-HOAST, KIN-KOUF,
COUGH.
the hooping-cough.
See KIN-
KINLIN,
KIP,
kindling, light fuel for fire-kindling.
to thrash with a stick.

calf.
KIP, an overgrown
Bwckett.
KIRK,
a church. This Northern form of the word obtains in North Northumberland but on Tyneside chorch is frequently heard, like the duplicate forms Ust and chist (chest). The harder form of the word is found in the Pricke of Conscience "Haly kirk" lines 2,132 and 3,684.
;
KIRKEET
[N.]
churched.
KIRK-FOLK,
church attenders.
[N.]
,
KIRK-GARTH, KJRK-YERD
KIRK-HOLE,
a grave.
a churchyard.
Bvockett.
KIRKMAISTER,
KIRN,
a churn.
a churchwarden. The churchwardens of All Saints', Newcastle, are so styled in an indenture dated 1521.
See KAIRN.
See
KIRN,
the finish of the harvest. words.
KERN and
following
KIRN-BABBY, KIRN-DOLLY,
KIRN-STAFF,
the last handful of corn cut, dressed up to resemble a female figure. See KERN. the old-fashioned staff used like a piston-rod in the antiquated vertical churn. a supper and dance to celebrate the end of See KERN-SUPPER.
to christen.
KIRN-SUPPER,
harvest.
KIRSEN, KIRSTEN,
KIRSEN,
the
name
Christiana,
426
crisp.
KIRSP,
KIRSTY,
first
Christopher.
to cut.
KIRVE, KERVE, KERB,

operation in
Specially applied to the
hewing
coal.
KIRVIN-AND-N1CKIN,
in coal mining, the preparatory operations for bringing down thejud or top. A nick is made down each side of the coal " face," and these deep grooves are called the nickins then a deep wedge-shaped groove is carved or cut at the floor level called the kirvin.
;
"
For what he gat was very sma Frae out the kirvins and the nickins.'' T. Wilson, Pitman's Pay, pt.
1 ,
ii.
1827, v. 37.
RISEN ED.
Children are said to be kisened when from a weakness or being pampered they loathe their food Hodgson MS. See KIZZEN.
dried
KISENT, KIZZENT,
up with drought or over-cooking.

;
KISSING-BUSH,
a Christmas tree
so called in former times.
" At York and Newcastle-upon-Tyne this ancient token of a mirthful The bush and, I hope, innocent custom, is still to be seen at Christmas. is formed of mistletoe, evergreens, ribbons, and oranges." M. A. Tract x., pt. iv. p. 17. Denham, 1858, Folk Lore,
KIST, CIST, a box
deputy 's hist" is the chest wherein he keeps his tools, " Coffin plate nails, brattice nails, and other requirements. a hearse. Prehistoric burials are sometimes found in kist" regularly made boxes of stone, four or more of which are set on edge, whilst one or more form a close cover or lid. These
or chest.
"
used by the deputy in a coal
pit,
are
known as
kists
by Jhe country people and as
cists
by the
archaeologist.
KIST-LOCKER,
for
the small compartmentât one end of a chest, holding valuables etc.

tub, bucket, or pail.
KIT. a small wooden

also to a small barrel
"
Kit, a small
Formerly applied
is
used
for
packing pickled salmon.

which Newcastle salmon
sent
wooden
vessel, in
up
to
town."
Todd.
KIT, the
stool
on which a cobbler works, including all his
tools.
Bvockett.
KIT, the entire number or quantity of a set " Tyek the hyel kit on them if ye like."
of persons or things.
427
KITCHEN,
etc., laid
a dainty of any kind, such as butter, cheese, jam, on and eaten with a slice of bread. " We hed bare breed an' ne kitchen" " Bessie's butter 's made me up
;
It kitchens roots
sae fine."
79.
T. Donaldson, Poems, Glanton, 1809, p.
KITCHEN, KITCHEN, "
a tea-urn,
Brocket*.
We mun kitchen the broth,
to serve out with care, to save in serving victuals. or it'll not gan roon'."
KITE, KYTE,
the stomach, the belly.
" He's 'nee kith o' wors." KITH, acquaintance. common phrase " Kith and kin," acquaintances (kith)
to be distinguished from relatives (kin).
In the
appear
KITH, KYTHE,
"
the appearance of growth.
The
tender shoots or blades of herbs or trees."
See KYTHE. Hodgson MS.
KITICANS,
kiticans."
gaiters.
"What
a swell! wiv eez white hat an' "
See CUTE-SKINS.
to kindle, to bring forth young.
KITTLE,
agyen."
Wor
cat's kittled
KITTLE,
the
fire.
to tickle, to touch lightly.
" Kittle the coal"
stir
KITTLE,
kittle
delicately balanced, easily upset, precarious. " Kittle as a " Kittle cattle." " kittle job." horse." "Kittle weather." razor."
"A
KITTLE-BOARD,
and on which the animal sets which holds the spring down.
the plate in a trap on which bait is placed its foot, releasing the catch
KITTLE-BUSY, officious, interested about trifies.Brockett. KITTLISH, uncertain. See KITTLE, 3. KITTLY, easily excited to laughter by tickling.
KITTY,
KITTY,
"At
a straw
filled
with gunpowder.
Used
as a fuse for
blasting in mines.
a lock-up, a prison.
the cummyng yn of the same priory is a gatehouse. In the northe syde of the same gatehouse ys there a prison for offenders* within the towne called the kydcott" Pollard's Survey of Bridlington
Priory (dr. 32
...
Hen. VIII.).
KITTY,
" Aa'll breed." gie ye a kitty bit o' KITTY-PEARTY, and KITTY-WREN. KITTY-FINGER,
little.
Compare
boys.
KITTY-CAT-AN'-BUCK-STICK.
game played by
KITTY-CROP, a closely cut or cropped head. Jocularly used in allusion to the close crop given to a felon on entering the
kitty
or prison.
KITTY-FINGER,
the
little finger.
KITTY-PEARTY,
meaning
the
name
applied to a bright
little
bairn
"little pert
one
"always used in
an approving sense.
Also called
KITTY-WI'-THE-WISP,
Jenny -wi'-the-lantern.
the will-o'-the-wisp.
KITTY-WREN, KITTY-WRAIN, KITTY-MA-WRAIN, JENNY-WRAIN, the wren, Troglodytes parvulus. Sometimes

called (but rarely) tomtit.
KIVER-AWA
An exclamation familiar at the drill of the Newcastle Associated Corps of Volunteer Infantry, Loyal See the song " Kiver awa!" in Bell's Rhymes, p. 14. 1804.
!
Also the following:

"
'Twas worth a crown to hear him, too, '" Exclaiming Kiver awa /
'
J.
Shield,
" Blackett's Field."

Bell's
Rhymes, 1812,
p. 13.
KIZZEN, KISON, to parch or dry up, as in overcooking. " She's Uzzened the Bacon or ham when overcooked is pot." said to be kizzencd.
"
Pampered and
a peg or
sickly children,
whose appetite loaths
their food, are
said to be kisoned."
Hodgson MS.
for
KLICK,
knob
hanging anything upon.
See CLECK.
KLICKER,
one who stands at the door of a shop, especially at the door of a shoe shop, to catch and bring in customers. An occasional advertisement still reminds of the common use of the word by the formula, " Wanted, a good klicker."
a large barbed hook for landing salmon
KLICK-HOOK,
KNAA, KNAW,
perception.
used in poaching.
See CLEEK.
" Thoo knaas aa like te he' thee to know. near." Ken means to be acquainted with a person or thing from observation or from outside view. Knaa refers to mental
429
KNAAIN,
awake
"
knowing, cunning.
"
He
fellow.
An
old
meaning of knaain
Thar
thai fand
nan o thair knaing."
a Unaain chep" a wideis acquaintance. Cursor Mundi (dr. A.D. 1320).
Visit of the
Wise Men.
KNAB,
in
or
NAB,
to
hill.
" Calder's Knob " in Old Bewick.
KNACK,
the Words.
speak Southern
finely. dialect.
And
it is used of such as do speak Ray's Collection of North-Country
KNACK,
to crack together, as a finger and thumb are cracked, or as the heels are knocked together in dancing. Knack-knees are knees knocking against each other.
"
The
She
knack' d her
pipes scream out her fav'rite jig, thumbs and stood her trig." E. Chicken, The Collier's Wedding, 1735.
KNACKERS,
the two bones or pieces of hard wood charred at the ends, used like castanets. These -were in common use long before the "bones" and "tambourine" of Christy Minstrels were heard of.
[N.],
KNACKET
nacky.
KNACKEY
a contrivance
[T.]
the same as knacky or
KNACK-REEL,
"broaches"
" cut."
fifty
for
winding
yarn
off
the
into "cuts." It knacked, or clicked, at each Previous to the introduction of the knack-reel, about
or sixty years ago, the yarn was wound on another system, and was counted by the tick of a clock and with
this
rhyme
" That's one,
That's not one, That's one oot, That's one off."
Twenty "cuts" a day (120 threads or revolutions winding reel) was considered a big day's work.
of the
KNACKY,
Used in a disparaging" clever, cunning, s^mart. sense, as when a self-conceited person is showing off his cleverness.
a small hammer, sixteen to twenty ounces in weight, used in breaking stones to lay on the highways.
KNAPPIN-HAMMER,
:
KNAR,
The word occurs in Knaresdale and in two rugged. other place-names in Northumberland*
430
to
KNAW,
KNED,
know.
See KNAA.
p.t.
the strong
of knead.
"Kned-kyek"
a cake richly
kneaded with lard or butter.
KNEDDIN, butter or fat used in making cakes. KNEEIZER-BREECHES, breeches reaching to the
there fastened with buttons, buckles, or strings. now rarely seen.
knee, and They are
KNIFLE,
when
to steal, to pilfer, to cut
away
in portions almost
imperceptibly.
KNITTIN-SHETH,
knitting.
It
a sheath
for
holding knitting needles
was stuck
It is
in the girdle.
KNOCKER-AND-ROULER,
of dress or wear.
a mangle used for small articles extemporised by using a bake-board
and a
rolling-pin for the purpose.
KNOCKET
OCKET,
i.
[N.]
a farm servant's meal, 9-30 to 10 a.m.
See
KNOCKIN-MELL, a mallet formerly in general use for beating

the hulls off barley.
KNOCKIN-TROW,
a stone trough, or mortar, used in creeing or hulling barley. The barley was prepared for the pot by steeping it in water in the knockin-trow, and then by beating it with the knockin-mell till the husks came off.
KNOCKLE, the knuckle. KNOCK-OFF-HEUK, a

wagons
in motion, or a
detaching hook, by which a set of cage in overwinding, can be instantly
detached from the rope.
KNOCK-STONES,
loose surface stones in a ploughed field.
KNOLLER,
KNOOL,
See NOOL.
a heavy blow.
to assuage,
" Aa'll tyek summic
ti
knool the pain."
KNOOLED,
spiritless.
or expression.
broken down, dispirited, of troubled countenance "A knooled dog" is one that is cowed and
the
cloudberry,
KNOT-BERRY, KNOUT-BERRY,
chamcemovus,
Rubus
L.
See NOOPS.
haver grass or oat grass,
KNOT GRASS,
A vena
elatiov,
L.
43T
KNOTTY-TOMMY,
name.
an ill-made crowdy; full of knots. The coagulations or knots in porridge are also called by the same
the cloudberry.
KNOUT-BERRY,
See KNOT-BERRY.
KNOWE,
a parting in the coal (a back or knowe) which sets the coal down with little trouble after the kirving and nicking of the jud have been completed by the hewer.
"
A back
or know
myeks hewers
glad."
pt.
iii.,
1829, v. 64.
KNOWE, KNOWL,
eight
a knoll, a rounded hillock.
Twenty-
The place-names in Northumberland end in knowe. Waal Knowk, or Wall Knoll, in Newcastle, is the rising knoll east of Pandon Dene, on which the mediaeval Town Wall and
the yet
more ancient Roman Wall
alike crested the hill,
KNUPES, the cloudberry. See NOOPS and KNOT-BERRY. KNURL, a dwarf Northumberland. Wright's Provincial Diet.
Halliwell.
" Knor, or knunr, a short, stubbed, dwarfish man a metaphor from a knot in a tree. In the South we use the diminutive knurle in the same
;
sense."
Grose.
KOCKLE,
KOO-KOO, KOPE, the
keep!"
to cackle.
See KECKLE.
the call of the'cushat or

call to a horse.
wood
pigeon.
clerkes run
(line
up and down
In Chaucer's Reeve's Tale the shouting after their horse "Keep!
In Northumberland "Kope! kope!" is 4,099). called to horses when grazing, to fetch them to bridle.
the cap, or coping stone of a
KOP-STYEN, COP-STYEN,
dyke.
KOTTY, QUOTTY,
a short coat.
KOW, "
a boggle, 'or local apparition, as "The Hedley kow." lonely part of the road where the kow used to play many of
S. Oliver,
his
tricks."
Rambles in Northumberland, p. 101.
KRAKE,
to croak, to complain.
KRIBLE, or CRIBLE, to curry favour KURB. See KIRVIN and NICKIN.
with a superior.
KURTCHER, KORSHER,
common form
of the word.
;
a kerchief.
This
is
still
the
"Two night kurtchers, 2s. two hand kurtchers, 35." Will of John Welford's History of Newcastle, vol. iii., p. 195. Hutton. Februaiy 20, 1612.
432
KWOAL KWOAT
KWOL [N.] the pronunciation of [W.-T.], KWOT [N.], coat.

[S.]
, ,
coal.
" His hands in his kwoat pockets."

1850, p. 10.
Thos. Bewick, The Howdy, edition
KWOLLY [N.] a colley dog. KWOT [N.] See COATS.

,
KWOT-HOOSE,
a cottar's house.
KWOTTER, a cottar, the occupant, under a farmer, of a bondage

house. The house is let under conditions of service to be rendered by the tenant, in return for which the terms generally include rent and coal leading free, together with an allowance of potatoes to the kwotter.
KYE,
kine.
Kye-gates' (pi.
of cowgate), pasturage
for
cows.
See KINE.
KYE
[N.], to fasten with a key or wedge. up, as a rail is keyed in a railway chair.
Kyed-up, wedged
KYED, CADE,
a sheep louse.
See KEAD.
KYEDGY,
KYEK,
wanton, lascivious.
cake.
KYEK-TOASTER,
KYEL,
it
a cake-toaster.
At the time described in The Pitman's Pay broth, kail. was not uncommon to mix raisins with the broth this was known as spice-kyel. See KAIL, 3.
; *'
"
Then helter-skelter in we bang The dinner waits we snuff the smell And a' sharp set, we warrent lang In dashin' in amang the kyel."
;
pt.
iii.,
v. 84.
KYEM,
a comb; to comb. Used metaphorically, as " Aa'l " I will punish kyem yor toppin you. A comb is generally called " a reddin kyem" that is, a tidying comb. In North Northumberland, kaim; in South Northumberland, keyem or keahm on Tyneside, kyem. See KAIM, and compare KAIMS.
;
KYEPS,
ears of corn broken off in threshing.
See CAPES.
433
KYEV,
to toss or paw the ground. Kyavin, the action of a See horse, stamping with the foot and throwing up the dirt.
CAVE, KEAV, KEAVE.
KYEVEL,
in
life.
a lot
drawn
in ballot.
It is also
applied to one's lot

easily
See CABLE, CAVEL, KAVEL, KEVEL.

coal in
"The
some parts
;
of the pit
is
softer
and more
wrought
than in others, and, to prevent quarrelling and partiality, that to be hewn is divided into lots the colliers draw their lots once a quarter. This is called kyeveling, and the place or lot assigned to each man is called his kyevel." Dr. R. Wilson, Transactions of Tyneside Naturalists'
Field Chib, vol.
vi., p.
203.
"
What aw
for
felt
When
Nay,
Sail
was
ma
not to be telt, Sic happiness aw'd never knawn." T. Wilson, Pitman's Pay, pt.
a*
ma joy's
kyeval
drawn
in.,
1829, v. 66.
KYEVEL-HAMMER,
termed and 3.
It
kyevellin.
a heavy hammer used by stone-breakers to break up the large blocks of road metal. The operation is
Compare HUMELIN-HAMMER and KEVEL,

;
KYLE, KYLEY,
a large hay-cock used in doubtful weather. contains about as much hay as a man can fork in two lifts. small hay-cock is called a foot-cock.
KYLE,
cattle.
a wedge.
" Is thor a
kyle
i'
this mell,
Bob
"
?
KYLEY, KYLA,
"
a kyloe, one of the small breed of Highland
They've stock'd us with Highlanders' horses. Like kyleys for madness and size."
<
.y.
Bell's Rhymes, 1812, p. 175.
KYTHE,
The p.p.
Morris.
to tell of, to show, to discover, to manifest oneself. It occurs frequently in the Pricke of this was kyd. of
Conscience (A.D. 1349). " They salle be knawen and kyd
known and
discovered."
Line 7,138,
" Aw'll
like ours."
nit believe
but there's fairies, though they dinnit kythe to een Richardson's Table Book, Leg. Div.,vo\. ii., p. 136, 1. 6
"
And aye she eyed

An'
the grey sloth-hound,
As he windit owre Deadwater Fell, Till he came to the den wi' the moss inbound,
but
it
kythed a lonesome dell." Hogg, Sir David Graeme.
KYTHEN,
_
the knot of sand thrown up on a receding tide by The worm thus discovers its position to the fishermen, who then and there dig them up for bait. See
sand worms.
KITH,
2.
434
the cud.
KYUD,
"
"
The
coo's chowin' the kyud."
KYUTS,
CYUTS, CUTES,
the
feet.
Used
way."
is
derisively.
Tyek them greet KEAVE.
kyuts o' yors oot o' the
Compare
fly
LAA, LAW,
liberty,
freedom.
When
it is
a bird
"
allowed to
a distance before being shot at
termed " Givin't law."
LAA,
he was in very low doon In South Northumberland no difference is heard in spirits. the sound of laa (law) and laa (low). See LAIGH.
low.
"
He
wis varry
laa
" " Outher heghe or laghe (outher
hee or laa
wall).
The
latter
word rhymes with waghe (waa

1.
either high or low). Hampole, Pricke of
Conscience, edition Morris,
6,620.
hill.
LAA, LAW,
LAWE,
,
a roundish
See LAW.
LAATER
t
pigs in one litter. as laa that which

looter,
the eggs laid by a fowl at one time, or all the The word is probably from the same root is laid. It occurs in Northumberland as See lawter, lafter, and louter, and in Scotland as lachter.
[T.]
all
LAFTER.
LAAYOR,
LAB,
to
labbin the
lab in
lawyer.
devour by pecking or plucking. " The cushats is " the pigeons are pecking the young young bagies
turnips, or plucking large pieces out of their leaves.
Ducks
feeding upon vegetables.

to dabble
LABBER,
"
and splash
in water.
They'll labber in our swine troughs." G. Stuart, Joco-Serions Discourse, 1686, p. 34.
" I stripped
and had a good labber in the Coquet." James Armstrong, Wanny Blossoms, 1879.
LAB-BOARD,
a lap-board, such as tailors use to lay the seams on which they iron with their " goose."
a large irregular piece.
LAB1E, LABBY,
"
With knives as keen as Hector's sword, They cut each man a labie." Genuine Tom Whittle,
1815.
LABIES,
a store, plenty, abundance.
From
lay-by.
Bwckett.
LACE,
to
mix
spirits
with tea.
of
See LYECE.
LACKITS,
Brockett.
small
(Obs.)
sums
money
odd things generally.
435
LAD,
a sweetheart. " She wis gan a waak wiv her lad" Also " Sarvin-/^5 hez an unmarried farm servant. getten good weyges thor hirin." Compare LADS.
LADE, LODE,
to a mill.
an aqueduct or channel which carries the water

occurs in place-names, as in West-lade,
The word
on the Tweed. Weetslade, or Weetsleet, is also the name of a township in the parish of Longbenton. " Unum ductum aquae nomine West-lade" (a water-channel by the name
of West-lade).
''Lode,
Dugdale, Monasticon, 308. a vein of ore, a water-course." Skeat.
LAD-O'-WAX, a strong, mettlesome fellow. wax /" a common exhortation to rally for a
effort.
"
Howay,
lads-o'-
charge or a fresh
not necessarily See &c.
LADS,
young men. also LAD.

"
a following a company of comrades " Haaks's lads" " Backworth

;
lads,"
Hey, Willie Ridley, winna ye stay ? Featherston's lads ha' gotten the day." R. Surtees, Life. Surtees Society, No. 24, p. 47.
!
LADS-ALIVE
an exclamation. frequent preface to a sentence.
Like
man-alive
this is a
LADS'-LOVE,
southernwood, Artemisia abrotaneum.
LADY.
See LEDDY, LYEDDY.

;
The word
is
found in many-
Ladies' fingers, the purple foxglove, Digitalis plant names. also the woodbine. Ladies' purses, a name for sheppurpurea herds' purse, Capsella bursa-pastoris. Ladies' mantle, the common alchemil, Alchemilla vulgaris, L. Ladies' thimbles, the harebell, Campanula rotundifolia, L. Ladies garters, or gardeners' garters, ribbon grass, Phalaris arundinacea, L. Lady's hair, or dotherin' dicks, the quakegrass, Briza media, L. Lady's soap, thus called at Rothbury, Conferva rivularis, a silky green weed which abounds in streams during a continuance of dry weather in summer. The ladies, in all these plant names, are no doubt " the " little ladies or fairies.
1
" Fairies use flowers for their charactery."
Merry Wives of Windsor,
act
v., sc. 5.
LADY-LINT-WHITE,
' 1 '
one of the names for the little warbler the whitethroat, Curruca cinerea. Compare JENNY-CUT-THROAT. In appearance and attitude not unlike linnets, hence their popular Dr. James Hardy, History of Bwks. Nat. Field name, Lady Linty White.
Club, vol.
x., p.
561.
436
/NORTHUMBERLAND WORDS.
having ears hanging over the eyes, as in
LAEV-LUGGED,
pigs.
LAFTER, LAWTER
wife.
LOUTER [N.], the whole [T.] " She's sittin on the laftev" decking of eggs laid by a hen. " Aa hevn't a neebor '11 len us a lafter of eggs," said a farmer's
,
" The Louior [N.] is also applied to a litter of pigs. soo hes a good loutor o' pigs." The Scottish form is lachtev.
See LAATER.
LAGGIN,
the projecting part of the staves at the bottonr part of a cask or other hooped vessel. The pendant part of the hay in a stack, corresponding with the eaves of a house. The cavity round the bottom of a hay-stack boiler. Brockett.
"The angle between the side and bottom of a Northumberland. Wright's Glossary.
wooden
dish."
L AID-IN.
kind
When a colliery has ceased working from being exhausted, or from any other cause, and is dismantled, it is
said to be laid-in.
when permanently stopped are Hence the end of all things, death.
loathsome.
"
Gnenwell's Glossary, 1888. Works of any also said to be laid-in.
LAIDLEY,
Word went east and word went Word is gone ower the sea,
That a
laidley
west,
Worm
Would
in Spindleston
Heugh
ruin the North Countree."
Rev. R. Lamb, Ballad of the Laidley Worm.
LAID-OUT, put to one side. excess of small coal or stones,
When
it is
a corf or tub contains an
forfeited, or laid-out.
LAIGH
[N.]
"
low.
She whispers
See LAA, 3. laigh down
till
hersel."
Poems, G. Donaldson, 1809, p. 70.
LAIGHLY,
lowly.
"Shelaighly baiking" (lowly bowing) "

Joco-Serious Discourse, 1686, p. 50.
made her Honour. "
G. Stuart,
LAIGISHIN
[N.]
a large,
sic a laigishin o' things of a bride whose outfit
cumbersome quantity. " She teuk " away wuv her as aa nivver seed (said
had been unusually extensive).
how he
LAINCH,
"
a long stride.
lainch he.
What a
has got
lainches
out his legs."
Brockett.
LAINCH,
her foot.
to lash out, to strike out.
"
The coo
lainched oot
wiv
437
LAINGER
(g
sounded hard), to saunter

lingering.
idly,
LAINGERIN,
LAIR, mud,
surface.
" sleek," quicksand, or any soft and yielding In place-names, lair probably occurs in Learmouth, Learchild, Leyrbottle (now Lorbottle), Dinmont Lairs, and other places.
to
"
LAIR, LARE,
laired iv
smear with
mud
to sink in
mud.
..;
"
;
;
He was
';*
a bog
stuck fast in a mire.
>*
LAIR,
land.
the interior fat of a pig melted.
LAIRD,
a landowner residing upon and cultivating his own to be especially common in North Cumberland, and formerly in North- West Northumberland. Laird is sometimes applied simply to denote a person of some
The term used
position.
"Doddington Moors were held by small proprietors, of whom thete were thirty and mo're who were called 'lairds'; and who, besides
possessing their cultivated lands, enjoyed the right of common over those wild moors." George Tate, in History of Berwickshire Naturalists'
Club, vol. v., p. 153.
"An what did they toak about? Wey, they spak about Weylam Engine, the lairds oh. Ryton, an of the great Swire's deeth ith nwoarth tKe other day." Thomas Bewick, The Upgetting, edition 1850, p. 13.
Denham, Folk
" Ye're like the laird o' Butterbura, Lore, 1851, p. 6.
'Whatever
is, is
"
right.'
M. A.
LAIRDED, LAIRED, LARED,

a bog, or stuck fast in any way.
stuck in the mud, caught in See LAIR, 3.
LAIRK,
a fold, a wrinkle.
See LORK.
LAIRK.
See LAVEROCK.
LAIRN,
LARN
[T.]
to teach, to learn.
LAIRSTONE,
LAIRY,
"
a tombstone. a bog-hole.
See .LARESTONE.
LAIR-WHOLE,
miry. See LAIR, 3. They run me to the lairy
bog, and round about the lea."
Robin
Spraggon's A-uld Grey Mare.
LAITH
'
[N.J,
LEATH
[S.], loth,
unwilling.
"
Aa wad be
it
laith
In South Northumberland gan win him." pronounced in two syllables, lee-yaith.

ti
is
438
rest,
LAIVE,
remainder.
See LAVE.
Seefye-lake, under the
LAKE, LAIG,
word FYE.
a cry in driving geese.
LAKE-WAKE, LAY-QUAKE, LYIK-WAKE, LYKEWAKE, the wake, or watch, held over a corpse between
the time of death and the funeral.
lyik-waik, pronunciation the commonly spelt form lake.
is
The Northumberland
which
is
hardly represented in
customary among the lower classes in Northumberland for and neighbours of the deceased to sit up each night S. Oliver the in the same room with the body until it be interred." Younger, Rambles in Northumberland, 1835, p. 91 and note. "Auld Lucky's former companions come to baud her lay-quake." Richardson's Table Book, Leg. Div., vol. iij., p. 69.
"It
is
several of the friends
places, of watching the dead every night Dictionary, second edition, 1724.
" Liche wake, a custom anciently used, and still practised in some till they are buried." Bailey's
LAKIN,
or
PLAY-LAKIN,
a plaything.
Lake, to play,
is
not
heard in Northumberland, but lakin, a plaything, is used with the prefix play, forming the pleonastic word playlakin, suggestive of an imported or unfamiliar term.
" Leikin, a sweetheart, Northumb. ab Ang.-Sax. lician, placere." Bp. Kennett, Lansd. MS., 1033, quoted Way, Promptorium, p. 285, note i.
L ALEEKIN,
LALEEKS,
LAM,
boisterous.
" That dog's a greet laleeUn animal."

"
play, frolic.
Run away oot and
get your laleeks."
to beat severely, to strike black and blue. " He's wife." getten a good lammin."
11
"
He
lams his
a
Lam-pay, to correct
principally applied to children
to beat with
ferula. "Brockett.
LAMB-HOG,
its first
a young sheep between the age of weaning and
clipping.
See HOG.
LAMBS' TAILS,
L.
the catkins of hazel. the
LAMB'S-TONGUE,
common
See FIGHTING-COCKS.
plantain, Plantago lanceolata,
LAM-LAKINS, the flowers of the Arum maculatum.

AND-COWS.
See BULLS-
LAMMAS, "
to
Lammas, lads
run away in alarm, to disperse at a signal. lammas /"

;
439
"
LAMP
A lampin walker [N.] to walk with a long stride. one who goes up and down in his walk owing to the length of
,
"
his stride.
LAMP,
a fire of coals burnt in a suspended iron grate or frame. in the rear of the early railway trains was a coal It is sometimes called a fire-lamp, fire of this description. and may yet be seen in use about colliery railway cabins.
The lamp
LAMPET, a limpet. LAMPY, having a striding gait. See LAMP. LAND, unploughed earth. The term is used
where the
left
in ploughing,
that is, the side on which the earth is yet unploughed is called the land side. Giving a plough too much or too little land in the beam is when it is In Scotland they say set too much to the right, or vice versa.
or near side
"mairjmT'
LANDRY-BOX.
for
"more
land."
LANDER, LAANDER,
LANDIN, LAND-END,
ploughing, or of a
a gutter or channel for water.
See
the end of a ridge or of a furrow in hoeing, little-ploughing, or scuffling, where it meets the heedrig or the end of a rig in To " go to a landin " means once across the full harvesting. of a furrow. To go to the far end and return again is length to " gan time aboot."
drill in drilling,
LAND-LARK, the common sandpiper, Actitis hypoleucos, L. LANDRY-BOX, a box at the top of a set of pumps into which
the water
is
delivered.
LANDS ALE,
coals sold to the country in the neighbourhood of the pit, as distinguished from coals sold for shipment or landsale colliery is one doing delivery by rail to a distance. a home trade in house coals which are loaded into the carts
on the spot.
LAND-SERJEANT,
the public peace.
one of the officers of the Border watch, under the Warden of the March. To the land-serjeant was committed the apprehending of delinquents and the care of
(Obs.)
is langar,
LANG,
long; the comparative
usually pronounced
lang-ar, or lang-or.
" Whether he lyf lang or short while." Hampole, Pricke of Conscience, Morris, 1. 632. " Here-on wille I na langer duelle." Hampole, 1. 927.
I
4^0
to long.
LANG,
"
"
Lang
sair
"greatly
desire.
Upgetting,
langed for some edition 1850, p. 13.
Aw
oh the collops."
Thomas Bewick, The
" But
now we can tauk about mairage An' lang sair for wor weddin day." W. Mitford, Pitman
"
along.
Courtship, 1818.
LANG,
Bob
hay,
occasionally used for
He
wis
'lang
win aad
at the time."
LANG-CAIRT,
etc.
It is fixed rigidly to
this respect is
the long cart used by farmers for leading corn, the frame and shafts, and in from the short or " cowp-cairt," distinguished
tilted
which can be
COWP-UP-CAIRT.
up
to discharge its
load.
Compare
resulting in
LANG-CANDY,
complete
failure.
an abortive attempt, an
effort
LANGISH,
longish,
somewhat
long, tedious.
LANG-LANDIN,
a long single journey in field employments, A double journey is extending from heedrig to heedrig. called " a time aboot."
LANG-LAST, at length, in course of time. L ANGLE, LANGIL, to hobble or fetter an

fore
animal by tying a
tailor
and hind
leg together.
LANG-LEG'D-TYELLIOR
LANG-LENTH,
the slidey."
their return
full
(long-legged
"
or jenny-
spinner), the insect daddy-long-legs, Tipula orelacla,
L.
length.
He
fell
down
his lang-lenth
on on
LANG-LOANING-CAKE,
home
cake made
at the vacation.
for schoolboys Brocket! .
LANG-NEB,
i
a prominent nose or beak. Hence applied to " Keep yor lang-neb oot o' this." any impertinent intrusion. a long-metalled plough, principally used for " " ploughing lea. A half-lang-ploo is a moderate sized metal plough for general use. Plough is pronounced ploo, and in
LANG-PLOO,
South Northumberland ploo and
pleuf.
See PLEUF.
LANG-QUARTERED, "
quarter,"
or
front.
applied to shoes made with the upper part, lengthened so as to leave an unusually long open space towards the toe, with a corre" spondingly short vamp," in order to display the stocking in
44!
LANG-SAIDLE
settle, or
[N.],
LANG-SETTLE
[S.
and
T.],
along
long seat, with a back to it. In an open room, such as a kitchen or common living room, a lang-settle was made " at the back to keep off the draught. To with a " brattish " si' doon ahint the brattish " is thus to set oneself on the
lang-settle.
LANG-SIDE,
alongside, parallel.
long-sided, long-ribbed, long-bodied.
LANGSIDEET,
LANGSYNE,
long since, long ago.

[N.]
,
LANG-WUNDEET
winded, talkative.
LANG-WINDEET
[S.],
long-
LAN KEY,
is
a native of Lancashire.
LANTERED,
hard pressed, distracted, harassed. The word from the game of loo, in which the loser is said to be A gardener with a small garden, and with too many lantered. " upon a given space, says they are too clumpert," as Elantslantert for room. e is
"
Lantered, hazarded
Northumberland.'
Halliwell.
LAP,
LUP
(the/.*, forms of loup), to leap.
LAP-BANDER, that which binds closely one thing to A tremendous oath is frequently called a lap-bander.
LAPSCALLION,
LARE, LEAR,
"
another.
Brockett.
a harum-scarum or dare-devil character. variant of rapscallion.

learning, education, letters.
bits o' late,
iii.,
1
For aw'd picked up some
tendin close the skuil at neets." Pitman's Pay, pt. " Alle the clerkes that ever had wytt. That ever was or that lives yhitt,
Wi
v. 100.
Couth noght telle ne shew thurgh tare, How mykel sorow and payne er thare." Hampole, Pricke of Conscience,
A.D. 1349, edition Morris,
1.
6,467.
"
This
is still
her sick niece,

l ea
a Scoto-Northumbrian word. Old Betty Hill said about I land her lessons twice a day, but she's varra hard at
y?
"Hodgson MS.
to learn, to teach.
LARE,
Land, learned.
442
a tombstone.
LARESTONE,
" Latten on the larestones, 55." [that is, brass on the tombstones.] Richard Property of the Monastery of the White Friars in Newcastle, 1538. Welfotd, History of Newcastle in XVI. Century, p. 239.
"James
Accounts.
Cole, for his
Ant Jane Cole her

viii.,
larrestone, 35.
^."Gateshead
aisle
Archceologia Mliana, vol.
1880, p. 235.
" The Ancient Chapel of south side with very old Northumberland, vol. iii., pt.
Hayden (Haydon Bridge) has an

lairstones
ii.,
built
up
in its walls."
on its Hodgson,
p. 382.
LARICK,
larch
fir.
LASHER,
LASHINS,
LASS,
a thing of great size and weight. " Thor wis lashins lavish quantities. Tongue-lashing, invective.
o'
meat and
drink at the dinner."
a female sweetheart, a maid-servant.
Compare LAD.
LAST-BAT-POISON,
player
a game at tig, played as school children arrive at the parting of their ways in going home. The object " is to give a " bat without being touched again, and the on and off calls out " Last -bat
touching
running
-poison."
LASTY, LESTY,
well are
lasty.
lasting, enduring.
Coals that burn long and

is lasty.
Anything that wears well

" Lat an' plaster."
for
LAT,
"
a lath.
1631,
paid
spares,
latts,
and daubing of a chimney
in
the
Almeshouse,
8s. id."
LATE-WAKE.
"
1694.
1
See LAKE-WAKE.
a ladder.
lathers
LATHOR, LETHER,
Churchwardens Books,
For making three
out of one old broaken
lather, 6s."
St. Nicholas, Newcastle.
LAT-RIVER,
a lath render.
LATT-BROD,
"
1648.
Itt.
a lath nail.
pd. for 400 of
(Obs.)
latt brodds,
is."
LATTEN, LATTIN,
metal. The in old writings. It is now obsolete, except in its application to very thin iron sheets (from 24 wire gauge and thinner), which are called by the trade term lattin sheets, or lattins.
brass, any kind of very thin sheet word is not local, but is common everywhere
or
"A lamp
latten
of latten, isd.
The
latten
basons; 6 lavers of
latten."
Friars, Newcastle, in 1546. Century, p. 239.
Richard
on the larestones, 53. Three old Inventory of Monastery of the White Welford, History of Newcastle in XVI.
443
LATTISH,
a lattice.
LAUGHING-GOOSE,
the white-fronted goose, Anser
albifrons.
LAVE
lave."
"
[N.]
the rest, the remainder.
" Put him in
amang
the
LAVEROCK,
LAVROCK,
LAVY,
willock,
the skylark, Alauda arvensis. Lark is but this word contracted." Ray, Glossarium Northanhymbricum.
a leveret.
[Harbottle.]
the guillemot,
Una
troile,
L.
Called also wullemot,
and
scoot.
LAW,
a roundish hill or eminence. The word enters into one hundred and fourteen place-names in Northumberland, eight of which are parishes or townships, sixty-two other inhabited Low, another form of law, places, and forty-four uninhabited. occurs, beside, in five other place-names as in Har/ozdiill. " The Law" " The Lawe" at opposite to Holy Island, and South Shields, are examples of the use of the word in a distinctive manner.
"
Anglo-Saxon hlaw,
hlcew,
hill
properly, a slope."
Skeat, Concise
Etymological* Dictionary,
under Low,
3.
LAWING,
"
I'll
reckoning.
(Obs.)
p. 62.
pay the lawing."
LAWTER, LAUGHTER,
a brood, a decking, a clutch. A turkey or a hen is said to have laid her lawter when she has as many eggs as she can hatch. See LAATER, LAFTER.
LAY,
a piece of iron welded to the worn edge or point of an implement. When a plough kooter (coulter) or sock becomes worn, it is necessary, in order to repair it, to wall (weld) a piece of iron on to it. This is called a lay, and the process is " or " layin a kooter." called " layin a sock Implements which have undergone this repairing process are said to be " new layed." Edge-tools are similarly renewed by layin.
to salve or
is
LAY,
besmear sheep with ointment.

wool of a sheep that has been smeared or
laid
"Laid wool
salve."
with
Hodgson
MS.
LAY,
to
to mix dough for bread making. "Lay the breed" mix the flour with the yeast, to make the dough.
444
to allay, to retard.
LAY,
"Then snuffs and sneers Suin stop yor gob, and lay yor braggin." T. Wilson, Pitman's Pay, pt.
i.,
1826, v. 47.
LAYING-STOOL,
a stool of a peculiar form used by butchers, on which sheep or pigs are laid when killed or being killed.
lilac.
LAYLOC,
LAYNE,
LAY-ON,
on for a
to conceal.
(Obs.)
to put into the
" way, as in the phrase Aa
laid
him
good thing"
put him into the
way
of obtaining a
good thing.
LAY-POKE,
GRAIP.
the
abdomen
of a duck, hen, goose, &c.
Compare
LAZY-BEDS, "
the " sets
potatoes planted by cutting a trench, placing and covering them up level with the soil taken from the next trench, thus leaving the soil fast between the rows. They are well named lazy-beds.
therein
(lazy bones), a lazy fellow.
LAZY-BYENS
LEA, LEE, LEY,
grass or pasture ground, either the open unploughed field or land that has been cultivated and afterwards allowed to go back to grass. Leeland is contrasted with hieland, as lea or meadow land with the wilder uplands. " Riving lea "ploughing lea land. In place-names ley occurs about a hundred and twenty-five times, and the forms lea and lee occur about fifty-five times in Northumberland. Gregory,
ix., p.
Archaologia sEliana, vol.

"
67.
Ploughing lea means ploughing for the first time over such land as has been for some years lea that is, in grass or pasture." Hodgson,
Northumleyland, pt.
"
ii.,
vol. i, p. 304, note,
They
And
" I'm a
hackit off his hands and feet left him lying on the ka."
Border bairad, Death of Parcy Reed.
North countryman, in Redesdale born, Where our land lies lea, and grows ne corn." Border song, Denham's Folk-Lore, 1851,
p. 3.
LEADAGE,
cartage.
LEADIN-BELT,
LEAL,
a leather strap with a chain attached.
faithful, honest.
See LEIL.
445
LEAM, LEMING,
terms very commonly applied to ancient roads or places situated on such roads as the Learn Lane leading from South Shields to Gateshead Fell, in the county The two learns in Redesdale are on the side of of Durham. the Roman Watling Street.
to separate, as a ripe nut separates
LEAM, LEAMER,
its
from
husk.
"
North of England the terms as applied to a hazel nut when it becomes brown and mealy ended, ripe and ready to fallout of its husk." Hodgson, Arch&ologia, JEliana, vol. ii., p. 132.
Well known
to every schoolboy in the

'
a brown
learner
or
'
it
learns well,'
LEAP,
"
to parboil.
See LEEP.
LEAPYT,
strenkle
ov sugar ont." Thomas Bewick, leapyt Teyne-Seyfo Dialect Sixty Years Seyne, edition 1850, p. 10.
a
a lappet, a covering. Bring him a shive oh butter an breed
cut
him a good counge, an

The
Howdy.
LEASH, LEESH,
from anything.
a lash, a thong for a whip, a smart blow
LEASH, LEESH,
flick
" Leesh to whip. yor horse up, man." with a whip, a thong, or anything of the kind.
To
LEASHER,
tops.
J.
a long leathern thong used by boys to whip their L. Luckley, Alnwick Language.
LEAT,
a thin, compact layer, a lamination. The sections of a long stack, built one after another, are called leats. Compare
FLEECY.
LEATH, LAITH,
gan."
loath, unwilling.
"
Aa
wis
leath (lee-ath) ti
LEATH E,
corn,
and
cattle in winter.
a barn, a grange, a walled house for storing hay, Hodgson MS. (Rare or obs.) a person of strength or stature. a sorry hack, a poor horse.
a clumsy, noisy dancer.
bat.
LEATHERER,
LEATHER-PLATER,
LEATHERTY-PLATCH,
LEATHER-WING,
LEAVY, LEAFY,
the
common
that is, in thin folds or leaves. constantly used by sinkers.
The term
is
446
LEAZES, Lammas
stinted grass pastures, "hained" from Lady Day to Lease originally means to glean, for the hay crop. to gather. The Leazes in Northumberland have all been grass reserved for hay at stated pastures, or Lammas meadows, times each year. They have commonly a distinguishing as Shaftoe-L^^s at Hexham, Waddow-L^^s at
prefix,
Corbridge,
at
Heather-L^^s
at
Warkworth, and Castle-L^^s

;
Newcastle-upon-Tyne.
" He schal and he schal fynde lesewis." go yn, and schal go out Wycliffe's version (A.D. 1383), John x., v. 9.
"Two selions, called Leasses, in Gesmpnde Field." Conveyance dated 1556. Archaologia JEliana, vol. i., new series, p. 32. " two winde mills, called the Easter and Wester Mills, with a close perteyninge to the Easter Mill, and fower leazes whereupon the Wester Will in same, p. 42. Mill doth stande."
Two
My
"
Two
garths, with three riggs or leazes."
The same, p. 43.
stinted pasture called The Leazes, alias Enclosure Award of Corbridge, 1779.
"The
Waddow
Leazes."
LECKY,
"
Applied to the weather when rain falls in leaky. " A intermittent showers. lecky summer."
To
leek
on, to pour on." "
Bailey's Dictionary.
A lecky May, A lecky June,
plenty plenty
o'
o'
hay
coorn."
LED,
the
led tub or corf means a spare one, for spare, extra. to leave empty with the hewer whilst the full one is being put to the flat or crane.
barrowman
a watery To run lee,
LEE,
"
fluid
discharged from badly healing wounds.

lee
to discharge
as above."
Brockett.
LEEDS,
shallow, tapering troughs, lined with lead for the purpose of cooling milk and allowing the cream to rise.
LEEDEATER,
"
indiarubber. lead-pencil marks.
Originally used for rubbing out
blether
aw
call
For
o' silk,
it, by gocks, aw am reet, dipt iv leedeater melted, its myed." W. Midford, Bob Cranky's Account of Mr. Sadler's Balloon, September i, 1815.
LEEK-TAILS,
the leaves of a leek.

!
LEE-LAA-LET
alight.
"
Lee-laa-let,
imperative and duplicated chasing a butterfly.
form
ma bonny pet," an used by children when
447
LEEP,
To
leep meat is to boil so as to preserve it. to parboil it so as to prevent its falling. Gooseberries are leeped in like manner, and then bottled for
to parboil.
To
leep
salmon
is
preservation.
"
To
leep
onions."
Hodgson MS.
LEESH, LEISH, "LISH

youthful vigour.
"
[N.]
LEESHIN,
chep."
lithe,
full
of
He's a
leeshin
See the
lish
James Armstrong, The
yald shepherd lads how Monkside heights they climb." Kielder Hunt, 1879.
LEETNIN,
daybreak.
a vessel in ballast.
LEET-SHIP,
LEE-WAJTER, LEY- WAITER,

which flows from a wound See LEE.
after
the thin watery exudation the bleeding has ceased.
LEGLEN,
a milking pail.
" Ilk ane
lifts
her
leglen
an hies her awa." Old Song on the Battle of Flodden.
LEIGHTON,
"
Litten,
a garden. Only found in Northumberland in place-names, as Green Leighton, &c.

a garden."
is
Bailey.
equivalent to leek-town, Anglo-Saxon for garden. AngloSaxon had a habit of not enduring the combination ct. Thus Latin rectus is in A.-S. riht, in English right. The c (k) became a guttural before t. Hence, in leac-tun, a leek-town (town = enclosure), the c became guttural hence we also find the spellings leah-tun, leh-tun. The last is precisely Leighton if you pronounce the gh as German cA." Note by Professor Skeat.
Leighton
;
"
LEIKIN.
SeeLAKiN.
vigorous.
LEISH,
lithe, fresh,
See LEESH.
like
LEISTER,
a salmon spear used by poachers, made Neptune's fork, but with three, four, or five barbed teeth.
LENARD, LENART,
variously
It is the linnet, Canndbina linota. as the brown, grey, red, or rose lenart. The mountain linnet, C. flavivostvis, is called the twite or heather " linty. Trig as a lennard" a common proverb, meaning as sprightly and neat as a linnet. See LINTY.
known
LEP,
"
to lade or
lift
water, as in baling a boat.
See LYEAP.
used to say that there had been as many ladles made at " Newcastle Daily Chronicle, the sea dry.' Crowley's as would lep
April 26, 1886.
We
LEPPER, LIPPER,
small waves on the surface of water.
LETCH,
among
"
the
a long, narrow swamp in which water moves slowly rushes and grass. Frequent in place-names as
Chad-letch, Queeris-letch, etc.
A swang, or marshy gutter." Bailey, General View of Agriculture of County of Durham. " They soon came to the place Dandy Dinmont named (Withershin's which soaked, rather than flowed, a latch), a narrow channel, through small stagnant stream, mantled over with bright green mosses." Guy Mannering, chap, xxiii. "Letch is doubtless allied to the verb to leak. The idea is a swamp Note by Professor Skeat. into which water leaks slowly."
LEUF, LYEV, LEEF, LUFE, LOOF, "

" If
ye'll scart
the palm of the To greesh the lyev" (grease the palm) is to give hand. a person a gratuity.
maw
leuf,
I'll
claw yur elbow."
Newcastle proverb.
Brockett.
LEUNGIE,
(Obs.)
the flank, or buttock.
Another spelling of
loin.
LEVEL,
run
in.
a gutter in a mine for the water to the inner end of a drift or level, and the level-sole the floor of the same. Level-free means drained by means of an adit or free-level.
an adit or
drift,
The
level -foreheed is
LEVER,
a roof beam of naturally curved timber, being one of the couples or principals used in supporting a roof. These roof beams do not rest upon the wall-plates of the house in this differing from the tie-beam of building construction. They are still to be seen in thatched houses. An outward thrust is obviated by carrying the principals down to the ground, where they form a roof support quite independent of the wall. (See sketch in the Proceedings of the Newcastle Society
:
of Antiquaries, 1885-6, vol.
ii.,
p. 169.)
LEWED
New
LEY,
Year
drawn, dragged. [N.] an' there a'm lewed in

,
"
ti
He
lent
me
his
dog
at the
pay
license."
grass land.
See LEA.
LIARED,
LICK,
LICK,
dappled or streaked.
See LYERED.
fist
a sword cut, a sharp blow with the
or with a stick.
a small quantity. lick and a promise" a very small beginning or attempt at anything. Compare LOAK.
"A
449
LICKLY,
"
likely,
probable.
Brockett.
Lickliest, likeliest."
LICKORSTICK,
LIE,
in the
a stick of licorice; otherwise called
lickorish.
combination lie-in, to sleep longer than intended. used in the sense of being incumbent or " It lies him on't." Lying-time the time worked necessary. between the date on which the pay-bill is made up and the
Also,
to
lie-on,
date of the pay-day.
LIE-LOACH, LIE-LOTCHER
parts lyed-heed and Her.
[Alnwick] the loach. Called also in the north of the county a meggy-lotchie, and in other
,
LIFEY, LIFF
went
a'
" [N.], lively, full of life, high spirited. said by a shepherd describing the away liff," parting of some friends, probably after a glass.
We
clean
LIFT,
"
a broken jud in a mine.
coal."
place driven along the side or end (open to the goaf) of a pillar of Nicholson, Glossary of Coal Trade Terms, 1888.
LIFT,
LIFT,
a set of
pumps
"
in a pit.
lift's
the sky.
The
varry drummly like."
LIFT,
in
to steal, applied formerly to cattle stealing or "shifting"
Border forays, but now constantly used in speaking of the removal of cattle or goods which have been purchased. " Aa've selt the stots to an' he hes ti' lift them the morn."
,
LIFT,
to raise a corpse from the bier in order to carry it for Funeral notices frequently conclude by the words, burial. " The time stated is the Lift at [such and such] o'clock."
hour
at
which the funeral moves from the house.
LIFT,
lift
to rise up, to heave, as the floor of a coal
mine
is
said to
in a
"creep."
or
LIFTIN, heaving
wi' varmin."
moving with
life.
"His
claes wis
liftin
LIGGY,
and cris-crossed with
a ball, originally of lignum vitae or other hard wood, lines, used in playing the game of " trippet-and-quoit." It was covered with whiting to make it more conspicuous when driven by the player. White earthenware balls are substituted for wooden ones, but they are still called liggies.
450
travellers alighting at an inn. " that is, was The Queen's Head Inn was a great house for lighters much frequented by farmers. Note by Mr. G. H. Thompson, Alnwick.
11
LIGHTERS,
LIGLY,
"
likely.
See LICKLY.
;
and all the houses about yt goeth downe and decayeth, the woods are clene destroyed and Ugly to be in hast." Plumpton Wright's Glossary. Correspondence, p. 129.
The maner
LIG-MA-LAST,
Shakspere.
a loiterer, the last.

lies
Brocket*.
LIG-O-BED, one who

Brockett.
long in bed
" It
the slug-a-bed
of
LIKE, becoming,
went yorsel."
"
to the purpose.
wad be mair
wis as
like
like if
ye
Compare MACKERLIKE.
rain."
It's like to LIKE, likely. The word is used also in a
"
He
as not."
stronger sense, which is equivalent to "must needs" thus, "Will yor Bella gan the morn?" "Aye, she's like, noo, aa wad think" that is, she ought
certainly.
LILACS, LYLAX, LYLICKS,
a mixture of linseed, wheatmeal, and a little milk boiled together as feeding for calves when they are put out to grass at first. Formerly farmers reared all their calves on this food.
!
LILLY-LEUDS
"
an exclamation.
"
Lilly-lends!
what a
job."
Lilly-wuns
Lilly-wunters! exclamations of
amazement."
Brocket*.
LILLY-LOW, LILLY-LEE,
a grassy slope. Lilly-low is a In the common field-name, probably identical with lilly-lee. fields at Corbridge, the name High-lilly-lows occurs. Lilly" little low, elsewhere defined as a blaê," is not so used in
Northumberland. " Hide me by

11
the bracken bush,

lilye-lee."
That grows on yonder

Swift
was the Cout
o'
Battle of Otterbourne. Keeldar's course,
Alang the
lily -lee."
The Cout
o'
Keeldar.
slopes were grassy, the lilly-lee of the ballad." Description of Otterburn, Dr. James Hardy. History of Berwickshire Naturalists' Club, vol. ix., p. 464,
'
"The
'
LIM,
a mischievous boy or girl. " A perfect Urn " (a complete mischief) is a common expression in Coquetdale. "Not, probably, allied to limmer, but an independent word. It is understood to mean a limb of Satan,' and to be the same as limb." Note by Professor W. W. Skeat.
'
45 1
LIMERY
[N.]
a lime kiln.
to a pliable rod also jocosely, as in and as in the phrase
;
LIMMER, LIMBER, supple, applied " A limmer thief." treacherous. Used
speaking to a wild and lively girl, "A Ummev loon" a wag. " Then the limmer Scottes hared me, burnt my guddes, and made
deadlie feede on me and my barnes." English Text Society, p. 6, 1. 27.
Bullein, Dialogue,
1564.
Early
Billy Billy
"June ii, 1566. In the court ecclesiastical, sitting at Durham, Robert and his wife appeared against Katherine Blithman, who had called
'
hold eeyd lymber
theiff.'
"Richard
Welford, History of Newcastle
in the
XVI.
Century, p. 405.
LIMMERS,
where
the shafts of a cart, a shaft or Ummev.

flax.
Limmer-end
the front end of
LINE, LYN,
flax is
Lyn halvhe,"
in old deeds, is a
haugh
grown.
line.
LINE,
term.
to
sound or plumb with a
To
survey
a colliery
J. C.,
Compleat
" I measure as they line or sound for the depth of a river." Collier, 1708, p. 32.
LING,
the heaths Erica tetvalix and Erica cinerea, L. Also the cotton grass, Eriophorum vaginatum, L. In the Northumbrian moorlands ling is never applied to the common heath, Calluna
vulgaris. " In the districts of Redesdale, Upper Coquetdale, and Alndale. Calluna vulgaris is commonly known as 'heather' (bee heather), whilst Erica tetralix and Erica cinerea are both known as ling. In early spring, the flocks in the Cheviots md the hills of Upper Coquetdale and Redewater feed upon the tender blades of the hare's tail cotton grass (Eriophorum vaginatum), and although this plant belongs to the sedge tribe, yet it is called 'silky ling by the shepherds in those parts." D. D. Dixon, Rothbury, in Newcastle Weekly Chronicle, December 29, 1888.
1
LINGEL,
a shoemaker's wax-end and sewing thread. The wax-end, is the point of the waxed thread. It is tipped with a birce (hog's bristle), so that it can be pushed " through the elshin (awl) holes in the leather. Stripping " the deed is a term used by shoemakers for the act of removing the birce from a sewn-up thread in order to use it over again in preparing a new wax-end.
lingel-end, or
LINGELT-LEUKIN,
LINING,
LINKS,
slim in general appearance.
dialling or surveying underground.
grown with " bents." Links at Holy Island.
accumulations of blown sand, forming sandhills overBlyth .Links, Whitley Links, and the
,e 2
LINN
The name a deep pool at the base of a waterfall. Low Lynn, Linoccurs in Routing Linn, Hareshaw Linn, The Lwmouth, and Lwhead. briggs, Lwsheels, Liwhope, used to describe a cascade. word is sometimes
had expected a waterfall at the Linn above Linnbrig, but it is a clett but the only a rapid, occasioned by the river rushing through of the word dark pool is there the true linn, in the original acceptance Naturalists' and bottomless." Dr. James Hardy, History of Berwickshire
'
We
Club, vol. v., p. 386.
Between shady banks, the West Allen, in winter, rushing over to the roar of the lins and a stony bed, raises her voice 106. storms." Hodgson, Northumberland, vol. Hi., pt. n., p.
foaming
LIN-PIN,
LI.NTY,
a linch-pin.
flaxen. "O'er her fair shoothers her

1
linty
locks flee."
James Armstrong,
Lizzy o the Glen, 1879.
LINTY,
lenard.
the willow wren, Phyllopneuste trochilus. Linty is sometimes applied to the name of the lesser whitethroat, Curruca The linnet (CannaUna linota) is also called linty or garrula.
"
The linty and the linty white, The laverick and the lark, The gooldy and the goldspink Hoo many bords is that ?"
the linnet.
Northumberland guessing
story.
LINTY-WHITE,
LIPPEN,
"
See LINTY.
"
" Aa canna him to trust, to depend on. lippen " " Aa darna dare cannot trust him by himself. lippen on't
not depend upon
it.
Lippen to me, but look to yourself."
Newcastle proverb.
Brockett.
LIPPER, LEPPER,
when
lapping waves on the surface of water
agitated by the wind.
See LEPPER.
tuberosus,
LIQUORY-KNOTS,
'LISHAW,
the bitter vetch, Orobus seeds are called mouse-peas.
L.
The
the common name for Elishaw, a farmstead near " He'll be left on the Otterburn, which occurs in the phrase anunder 'Lishaw if he dissent hurry on " that is, left haughs stranded.
" The haugh behind Elishaw is the recipient of the floating rubbish that the Rede carries off from the upper country during floods. Hence it is said when anything is amissing in that district, You'll find it in the " Dr. James Hardy, History of Berwickshire haugh anunder Elishaw.'
'
Naturalists' Club, vol. ix., p. 470.
453
thigh.
LISK,
the hollow between the
abdomen and the
LISSEY,
easy, restful after suffering.
LIST
When a person is suffering great a respite from pain. " pain and it leaves him for a time, he is said to have getten a list* See LISSEY.
"
LIST,
vigour, energy. not the energy.
Aa henna
the
list
to dee'd
"
that
is,
LISTIN,
GARTEN.
the
list,
or selvedge of a
web
of cloth.
Compare
listy
LISTY,
full
of
"go"
or energy,
That dog's gan varry

eaves- droppers.
on his legs noo."
LITH,
"
to listen.
Lithnin-listeners
Bailey.
(Obs.)
To
Lithin, to hearken."
LITHICS,
the farina of oatmeal macerated in water and The fine flour of the meal only is allowed carefully strained. to pass the strainer along with the water. This is then boiled to a jelly, and forms a common infants' food in Northumberland. Compare LILACS.
LITHING,
the beating of a little flour and water finely together and putting them into broth to lithe and thicken it, and [make it] more agreeable to sup. Hodgson MS.
" Lithe the pot
"that
is,
put oatmeal into
it.
Bailey, quoting Ray.
LITSTER, a dyer. (Obs.) " Dec., 1583. Roger Gray, litster"St.

p. 320, note.
Nicholas' Register.
Brand,
ii
"To
lit,
to colour or dye."
Bailey.
LITTLE- A-DOW,
worthless
Northumberland.
Halliwell's Diet.
LITTLE-GOOD, the sun spurge, Euphorbia helioscopia, Linn. Common in cultivated fields. LITTLE- PLOO, a small plough used for cleaning turnips in
drill.
LITTLIE,
a smaller person than others. In a race or contest, the exertions of a vigorous little fellow are always hailed " Gan on the littlie." encouragingly with the cry of
active. (Obs.) Again speaks out a Lyver-\ad, a trusty Trojan."
LIVER,
"
G. Stewart, Joco-
Serious Discourse, 1686, p. 39.
454
to deliver, to get clear of.
Still
LIVOR, LIVER,
Northumberland.
"
In general use in
Wright's Glossary.
Livery, delivery.
used as a law term"
LIZZY-RUN-THE-HEDGE,
Linn.
the goosegrass, Galium aparine,
Also called Robin-run-the-dyke and tongue -Uooder.

a leech.
Lie-loach, the river fish, loach.
LOACH,
"
Lop-loach, the leech used
by surgeons."
Brockett.
LOAD,
'a
as can be carried on the back of load of lead was a weight or "galloway." pack-horse of two cwts. of ore carried on the backs of "galloways" from A load of potatoes is twenty the mine to the smelt mill. stones (280 Ibs.). Compare POTHER, a cartload. and by a load is still "There are to this day little collieries, meant in several of them, not any relation to the quantity that can be dragged by a horse in a cart, but as much as he could carry on his back in those times when the want of roads precluded the employment of wheel-carriages." T. John Taylor, Archeology of the Coal Trade, 1852, as
much merchandise
P- 157-
LOAD,
a crowd of people. Used in an extended sense where "Loads o' meat a large quantity of anything is spoken of. and drink." "Loads o' money." " Loads o' time." Heaps is similarly used.
"
LOAD, used as a p.p. for loaden. LOAGS. See LOOAGS.

LOAK, LORE, LOCK,
Wor just
load"
just loaded.
a small indefinite quantity. Also applied to a small quantity of meal, sand, sugar, etc. A look of anything is a larger quantity than a " pickle," which is a minute portion. A handful of hay, thrust in for packing, is called a key-loak. the miller's ladle, with which he took multure out of
sacks.
LOAK,
LOAK, LOKE, a lock or sluice in a mill dam. Brockett. LOAN, LOANIN, a bye road, a "lonnin." See LONNIN. LOAN, LOWN, LOANIN, LONEING, a sheltered place
where cows were gathered to be milked
is
" the coo loan." generally called " I have heard a lilting at our ewes' milking, Lasses alilting before break of day But now there's a moaning on ilka green loaning, That our braw forresters are a' wede away,"
;
The milking
place
Battle oj Flodden Field.
455
LOAN,
to bring
cows to
their milking place.
LOBBER,
to boil violently.
LOBSTROPLOUS,
LOB-UP,
obstreperous, loud, noisy.
to shoot one marble at another without a ricochet. Lob in some dialects is the name of a large taw.
LOCK, LOCK-HOLE,
ore.
a cavity, or " shake," in a vein of lead
LODDLE,
LOFT,
to
soft,
spongy ground.
ball or bowl,
throw a high
LOFTING,
a competition at throwing a ball or stone, the object being to make the highest throw.
to
LOGGER,
fashion.
walk with a lax
gait or in a loose-jointed,
2.
swaying
Compare SLOGGER,
LOGGERHEED,
LOGGERIN,
the large tiger moth.
encumbered with.
still
LOGWATER,
LOKE,
water.
Brocket*.
a small quantity.
a
See LOAK,
i.
LOLLOCK, LOLLOP,
Compare DOLLUP.
lump
as a
lollock
of fat.
Brocket*.
LOLLY, LOLLER,
the tongue.
LONNIN,
road end.
"
vol.
a lane, a narrow road.
Lonnin-end, Loaning-end, a
2.
Compare LOAN,
and
Those who have

i.,
to pass the three loaning-ends,
been buried."
p. 33.
Popular Superstitions.
where a suicide has Richardson's Table Book, Leg. Div.

t
LOOAGS, LOUGS, LOAGS,

the legs during snow.
footless stockings
drawn over
LOOF,
J
the palm of the hand.
See LEUF.
-NORTHUMBERLAND WORDS.
LOOK,
to
weed wild herbs out
of gardens or corn-fields.
Hodgson
MS.
LOON,
the red-throated diver, Colymbus septentrionalis, Linn. Also the great crested grebe, Podiceps cristatus, Linn.
a heavy blow.
to thrash.
LOONDER,
LOONDER,
LOOSE.
See
(pi.,
LOWSE and
looses),
following words.
louse.
LOOSE
shoother"
game played by
"There's a loose upon children in a ring.

permit,
to
yor
LOOT, the strong p.t. of to let, to " He loot the seek faa doon the stairs."
LOP,
to curdle, applied to milk that application of an acid. Hodgson. See
allow.
curdles without
the
LOPPERED.
LOP,
a flea.
LOP-LOACH,
the leech used by surgeons to Bailey's Agriculture of County Durham.

(the p.p. of loup), leaped.
draw blood.
LOPPEN
LOPPER,
See LUPPEN.
Also a thick growth of
an eruption on the skin.
anything.
LOPPERED, LOPPERT, "

Loppert blood."
Hence mixed
Loppert coagulated. up, confused.

(Obs.)
milk,"
LORD AN,
LORENS,
"
in
a blockhead, a lazy fellow.

lazy, sluggish.
LORDY, LURDY,
laziness.
See LORDAN.
From Lawrence. Lazy Lawrence is a proverbial name many parts of England." Note by Professor W. W. Skeat.
'
'
for
an
idler
LORK
[N.]
LORCH
[T.]
to lurch, to lie in wait.

;
LORK, LIRK, LAIRK,

a wrinkle.
a fold in a piece of cloth or in a dress Lorky, wrinkled or folded.

a br&w\.Halliwell.
LORRIE-UP,
457
LORTY,
This is given in HalliwelVs Dictionary and dirty. Wright's Glossary as a Northumberland word, but it is, apparently, the same as dovty.
[N.],
LOUGH, LOWF
Sweethope
lough,
LOWE,
lough,
a lake.
lough,
Black
Keemer
Harbottle lough, Whitfield lough,
The survival of this Fallowlees lough, and Newham lough. Irish word, which extends from Holy Island over Northumberland and across North Cumberland, is remarkable, especially as all the lakes are of small consequence.
"The Loughs or Lowes, or lakes of the Huntland of Tindale, from which the Forest of Lowes derives its name, are five in number Grindon and Craig lough, Little-tow;, Greenley, and lough, south of the Wall Bromley loughs, all a little north of the Wall." Hodgson, Northumberland
;
vol.
iii.,
2, p. 327, note.
LOUGS,
LOOAGS.
stocking legs worn as a protection in riding.
See
LOUNDERIN, LOONDERIN,
LOONDER.
a beating or thrashing.
See
LOWP, LOUP,
and
lupperi).
a leap to leap (p.t. lap and lup ; p.p., loppen a pole leap. Runnin-hee-/0w/ a Pole-loup funning high leap. dog-loup the narrow passage between " Stairs but detached houses. " The two
;
at
Dog Loup Newcastle were demolished in 1893. A. paddock-/0w/> a summersault turned by two boys, each of whom lays hold of the feet of his comrade. The two then roll round and round, and are thus supposed to imitate the leap or movement of a paddock (frog,)
adjoining
,
LOUPIN-ILL
[W.-T.] a disease. The name is expressive of the symptoms of the disease, in which the animal leaps or rears up, staggers, and very often expires.
the familiar mounting stone placed near a house door to assist a person in getting on horseback. In some cases a boulder stone serves the in others, a single stone is hewn into the form of steps. office
;
LOUPIN-ON-STYEN, leaping on stone;
See MOUNT, HORSIN-STYEN, CRUPPER-STYEN, PILLION-STYEN.
LOUPIN-STYEN,
a stone over which a bride is compelled to leap on leaving the church. See PETTING-STONE.
LOUPIN-THE-WELL,
at
an ancient custom formerly imposed Alnwick on candidates for the freelage of the town, who were obliged to go through the Freeman's Well, a dirty, miry pool on Alnwick Moor.
458
LOUP-THE-LANG-LONNIN,
by a row
of boys,
the game of leap-frog, played stand with bent backs in a long row, or A player begins at the rear, and rapidly loups back lonnin. Here he takes a pace after back till clear of the lang-lonnin. or two forward and " makes a back," whilst the hindmost lad comes on and does the same. The lonnin is thus always moving forward.
who
LOWPY-BACK,
the
game
of leap-frog.
LOWPY-DYKE,
fences.
applied to sheep when given to leap over Also, metaphorically, to the character of a person who has lost self restraint, and equivalent to the colloquial " expression to kick over the traces."
a brood of chickens.
LOUTER,
See LAFTER.
LOW,
an eminence.
See LAW.
LOW,
a flame, a light.
in
"Piece
a
pit,
is
"Trying the low"
presence of explosive gas by
its
o' low" part of a candle. the operation of trying the effect upon the light carried.
is
LOW,
Low.
a lake.
The
tidal
stream at Goswick
called
Goswick
See LOUGH.
calm,
still.
LOWEN, LOWIN, LOWND,

weather.
Applied to the
LOW-ROPE,
torch.
a piece of tarry rope or spun yarn used as a
LOWSE-GANG,
a squad of railway men employed in relaying, loading and unloading rails and permanent way plant, or as emergency men in time of accident.
loose-in-the-heft, a disorderly person, Bvockett. See HEFT.
LOWSE-I-THE-HEFT,
a vagabond
uncertain in his haunts.
LOWTER,
LOZEN,
a setting of eggs.
See LAFTER.
a pane of glass. or
LUCKEN-GOWAN,
Troilus Europceus.
GOWAN,
the mountain globe flower,
LUCK-PENNY,
luck,
the
on conclusion of a bargain.
money given back
to the purchaser, for
459
LUCKY, an old dame. " Old Lucky" is often the appellation in North Northumberland of a farmer's mother or old wife.
LUCKY,
lucky."
directions to
large, wide, easy. make their

Bvockett.
Country
tailors generally receive customers' clothes " brave and
LUCKY-BYEN,
a small bone found in a sheep's head, which people put in their pocket under the impression that good luck will attend them while they carry it.
LUCKY-STYEN,
lucky-stone is
a small stone having a hole through it. The always hung on the inside of the door by a string Compare ADDER-STYEN, passed through its perforation.
HOLEY-STONE.
LUG, LUG-WORM,
marinus,
the thick, hairy sand worm, Lumbricus used for bait by the north-east coast fishermen for
white
fish.
LUGGISH,
stupid, asinine.
,
LUGGY
of
[N.]
a small wooden dish, with one handle only, out

their porridge.
which children used to sup

a chimney.
See COG,
2.
LUM,
in a colliery.
The chimney at the top of an upcast shaft Lww-sooper, a chimney sweep.

(Obs.)
,
LUNDER, to cuff. LUNGISTER [N.]
a meat pudding
composed
of
chopped
entrails (heart, liver, etc.) of the pig.
LUNT
[N.]
on
fire, alight.
LUP, LAP,
Wheat
leaped.
(The preterite of
loup.)
See LAP,
i.
LUPPEN, LOPPEN,
leaped, burst forth (p.p. of loup, to leap). raised out of the ground by frost is termed luppen ; or a hoop on a barrel broken by the same means is also luppen. A cabbage that has burst open is in like manner called a
luppen cabbage.
LURRY,
LUTE,
to lug or pull (Northumberland}.
HalliweWs Diet.
LUSH-MA-LAVEY, LUSHY-GALAVY, wastefully, lavishly.

Kennett,
to lie hid. In use in HalliwelVs Diet.
Northumberland, according to
460
dappled, streaked.
the loach.
LYARD,
See LYERED. See LIE-LOACH.
LYED-HEED,
LYER,
a long, clean thorn which in hedge-cutting is nicked at It is the root and bent down till it lies close to the ground. trained into position across a thin or gappy part of a hedge and held there by a forked branch till its shoots fill up the gap.
LYERED, LYARD, LIARD, LIART, LYRED,
dappled or streaked, intermixed with lines or streaks of contrasting colour or substance.

flesh, especially
LYERY,
from the above, abounding with lean on the buttocks.
LYIN-MONEY,
an allowance paid to putters when stopped working during their shift through breakages or want of waggons. Also the money kept in hand by the owners that is, the week's money between the baff Saturday and the pay-day. See LIE.
LYIN-TIDE,
overtime or extra time occupied in discharging a loaded keel, and on which demurrage is due.
a wake.
LYKE-WAKE,
LYPE,
to
See LAKE-WAKE.
is
have " the
natural endowment. A horse with good action lype of going."
said
MAABAG, MAWBAG,
MAAD, MAAK,
the
maw
or stomach of an animal.
MAUD
[N.]
[S.
a shepherd's plaid.
,
MAWK
"
and T.]
MOAK
[W.-T.]
a maggot.
i,
Where mawks and
caterpillars soora."
pt.
1826, v. 58.
MAAKIN,
moving with maggots.

maggoty,
the
MAAKY,
decomposing.
or
"A
unclean salmon.
maaky salmon"
an
MAAKY-FLEE,
MAALIN,
which deposits the ova from which maggots are hatched. Meat having eggs thus deposited is said to be
"fly-droven."
a dirty lass.
blue-fly,
blow-fly
(Musca
vomitoria),
See MALIN.
4 6t
MAANDER,
to maunder, to wander an aimless way.
in talk, to
walk about
in
MA AS, MAWSE,
is still
marsh mallow, Malva wioschata, L. The herb used medicinally as a poultice to allay swellings, etc. The seeds are called " cheeses " by children.
MABLIN,
a mason's small hammer, having a one end and a chisel point at the other.
hammer
face at
MACARONI-GIN, " "

Dandy,"
name
for a kind of colliery gin. are similar fantastic names applied to newly-introduced contrivances. See WHIM-GIN. " There is a sort of gins called whim-gins,' and a kind known by the
an old term
etc.,
Whimsey,"
'
of 'macaroni-gins.'"
Brand, History of Newcastle,
vol.
ii.,
1789,
p. 684.
MACKERLIKE
beggar!"
"
[N.]
more becoming, much more mackeylike if ye war ta cairy

SeeiLiKE.
(comparative form of mack-like), much " It wad leuk to the purpose. th' waiter for the laddy, poor
Halliwett.
Mackerley, shapely, fashionable."
MACKET, MACKER, MAWKRE,

inferior coarse coal.
a black, coaly band, or
See BADGER,
i.
MADDLE,
MAFFLE.
to
wander, to talk inconsistently.
Brockett.
See
MADDOCK-HOE,
at the other.
such roots as furze,
a tool used in clearings for stubbing up etc. It has an axe at one end and a hoe
MADPASH,
Brockett.
a person disordered in the mind, a madbrain.
MAE, MAY, more
" The mae in number. pairt on them wis back agyen. gan " Besides us, many me men haue gud lucke." Bullein, Dialogue, 1564,
Early English Text Society, p.
9,
1.
21.
MAGENIKEN,
MAGES,
a genius.
Query,
for magician (?).
the hands.
Halliwell.
See MEAG.
Called also plot and
MAGGY,
pianet.
if
the magpie, Pica caudata, L.

a difficulty.
MAGRIM,
you
suffer a
"That's the wagriml" you exclaim mishap that is difficult to be rectified.
462
MAIDENS,
the two upright standards which supported the driving wheel of a spinning wheel. The term maiden was also applied to a little tripod with a fixed vertical spindle at the top. The bobbin, or "pirn," taken from a spinning wheel, ran loosely on the spindle and allowed the thread to be wound
off.
MAIDENS-HAIR,
Also
the plant FIX-FAX.
a
the large sinews of a bullock when boiled. crosswort, Galium cruciatum, Withy. See
MAIDEN-WAY,
road which leaves the main has descended the pass of Stainmore, in Westmoreland. Slanting along the western side of the Pennine Range under Cross Fell it grades up the slope to the water shade, and then descends to the Gildersdale burn and enters Northumberland.
Roman branch
after
it
way near Kirby Thore,
MAIK, MAKE,
mate.
11
a match, a peer, an equal, a companion, consort, Maikless, or wakeless, without equal, matchless. (Obs.)
The
De'il has not their maiks beside."

"
p. 67.
Cam
Many wedows with wepyng
tears
to fach ther makys a way."
Chevy Chase.
MAIK
MAIL, MAIL,
"
[N.]
MEG
[S.]
a halfpenny.
cant term.
rent.
See BLACK-MAIL.
Lansd., 1033.)
MAWZY.
to discolour, to spot (Kennett, MS. (Northumbeyland). HalliwelVs Diet., under mail, 6. Compare
&c., or as the furrs of
Mailed, full of specks, or speckled, as the feathers of hawks, partridges, some wild beasts are." New World of Words, 1706.
MAIL.
See MEAL.
[N.]
,
MAILIN
MAI MY,
MAIN,
in
the outfit for a bride.
diminutive of the Christian
name Mary.
games, a pool, or sweepstake, as "
quoit
main"
etc.
MAIN,
seam, low main seam.
applied to more important beds, as main post, high main
" Coalowners had not yet discovered (A.D. 1512), or found means to win the deep strata of this fossil, or what is styled in the language of the trade, 'the main coal.'" Brand, History of Newcastle, vol. ii., 1789,
p. 263, note.
463
at a pit.
MAIN-ENGINE,
MAINS, demesne
the surface
;
pumping engine
;
lands that is, domain lands lands held under a lordship. The word occurs in the names of many farmsteads, as Lawson Mains, at Byker Hallington Mains, &c. " A farm, or fields, near a house, and in the owner's occupation."
;
Halliwell.
MAINSTAY,
the chief support of a household.
"
The
lad's his
mother's mainstay."
MAIN SWORN,
1706.
foresworn or perjured.
New World
of Words,
See MANSWORN.
manifest, palpable.
" " He's a mainyfast leear
MAINYFAST,
a palpable
liar.
MAIRCH-DYKE,
Compare MARCH.
MERE-STONES.
a boundary between
|W.-T.]
estates
or
farms.
MAIRCH-STANES
MAIRT,
mairt."
boundary
stones.
Compare
a derisive term for a tall person.
"
Ye
greet muckle
MAIRT, MART,
was afterwards
use.
a bullock bought by two or more persons. It and divided amongst the purchasers, a portion of each man's share being generally pickled for winter
killed
"There
for
fat
is
an annual
called
cattle,
fair called the Town Fair, on November 22nd, here Marts, from the time of Martinmas."
Mackenzie, History of Newcastle,
p. 719.
" Martlemas was the customary time (November nth, the feast of St. Martin) for hanging up provisions to dry, which had been salted for winter provision as our ancestors lived chiefly upon salted meat in the Nare's Glossary. spring, the winter-fed cattle not being fit for use."
;
MAISLED, MAISELD, MAISELT,

MAISLIN,
mixed, confused in mind.
a blockhead, a stupid, a simpleton.

Robert Gilchrist,
" Like maislins they stared, wide gyepin' wi' wonder."
The Skipper's Erudition, 1824.
MAISON-DIEU,
"
1412.
a hospital. (Obs.) June roth. Date of royal license to Roger Thornton to found and endow the Maison Dieu of St. Katherine, or Thornton's Hospital, on the Sandhill, Newcastle." Kichard Welford, History of Newcastle, vol. i.
.
p. 249.
" Maison-dewe.
at
Newcastle so called."
Till within the last Halliwell.
few years, there was ancient hospital
464
" The maisterman the master, the husband. " Ye'll he' ti' see the maisterman hesel."
MAISTERMAN,
com by
at the time."
for the
MAISTLINS,
most p&rt.Brockett.
is
MAKE,
an equal, one that See MAIK.

I,
matched
or
mated with another.
MAKE
flock
A, the cry to a flock of wild geese. As the overhead the children shout to them in chorus, " " Wild ducks Wily geese, wily geese, make I, make A The call to in a formation like the letter V or A. usually fly the geese is to induce them to change from a straight line to
fly
!
MAKE
A, like the ducks.
MAKIN, making
"
for,
advancing.
at
I
"
The
tide is makin."
S.
They were
makin
us
wi'
sticks."
Oliver,
Rambles
in
Northumberland, 1835, P-
5&-
MAKIN,
a fool, a simpleton.
Hodgson
MS.
;
MAKINS,
the small coals hewn out in kirving and nicking the slack and dirt made in drilling a hole in the coal.
[N.], intoxicated
or
MALADDY
person
is
and cutting capers.

is
When
in this condition
he
said to be maladdy, or mayladdy.
MALIN, MAALIN, MYELN, MAILKIN,

made with
;
a kind of mop clouts fastened to a long stick used for cleaning out the brick oven after the wood ashes have been raked out. Myeln is also applied to a dirty, slatternly person as in the " Ye epithet, dorty myeln" said of an untidy girl. " Mall, Moll, the kitchen wench, and applied to the oven clout on a principle similar to that which gives the name of Jack to an implement used for any familiar office; boot-jack, roasting-jack, &c." Wedgwood's
Diet.
"
Malkin, that
is little
Maid or Maud,
i.,
i.e.,
Matilda."
Professor Skeat,
Principles of English Etymology, pt.
p. 223.
MALLED, the whiting-pout, or bib-fish, Gadus luscus, L. MALLY, MAWLEE, the Christian name Mary. " Wor
Mally."
"Oh, Mawlee ! Oh, Maw-aa-aw-lee ! Bewick, The Upgetting, ed. 1850, p. 12.
how way hehaym."
Thomas
MALT-CUMMINS,
feeding cows.
the sprouted shoots from malt, used for
465
MAN, "
a husband. Bessie's man" etc.

[N.]
,
"
Hor man
wasn't win hor at the time."
MAN
for
must.
"
Aa man away noo
aa've stopt ower lang."

credit, to
MANADGE,
the method of selling goods on by instalments, weekly or otherwise.

"
be paid
She lays oot punds

Like
in
Manadge
things,
mony a
thriftless, thoughtless
bein
."
i.,
Thos. Wilson, Pitman's Pay,
pt.
1826, v. 60.
MANADGE-MAN,
"Scotch draper."
an itinerant vendor of goods on credit for household requirements. Sometimes called in Newcastle a
i
MAN-BODY,
a male person. hoose at the time." a basket.

in
" There wis nee man-body
i'
the
MAND,
See MAUND.
a
pit,
MAN-DOOR,
door placed
in
sufficiently large to allow the
body of a man
a stopping, just to pass through.
Nicholson, Glossary of Coal Trade Terms, 1888.
MANG,
among.
" Like a napple tree mang the trees o' the wood." J. P. Robson, d. 1870, Sang o' Solomon, Northumberland version, ch. ii., v. " He's foremost the
3.
mang
mony
Keel lads
o'
Coaly Tyne." Thos. Thompson,
d. 1816,
New
Keel Row.
MANG,
flour.
feeding stuff for dogs or pigs; generally oats or barley ground undressed, or barley meal in contradistinction to barley
MANG
[W.-T.] to touch with the hand. cyek ye mangd forst." Compare MEAG.
,
"Tyek
the piece
o'
MAN-HOLE,
a place of refuge in a pit to allow the workmen to stand clear of the passing sets of tubs. Man-hole in a boiler is a hole covered by an oval plate, removable so as to give access when scaling or repairing is necessary. The removable plate itself is called a man -hole -door.
to
MANISH,
horse?"
manage.
"
Div ee think ee can manish that

Geordy's Last, 1878, p.
" At as hard a pace as he could manish."
u.
466
MANISHMINT,
management. It also means, by extension, and even the pabulum itself. " He's put a deal o' manishment into the land." Here the word is applied to the manure itself.
culture, nourishment,
MAN KEEN,
attack
man-keen.
beings.
Cattle are termed mankeen
when they
human
MAN KIN,
munna
MANNA, MUNNA,
stor."
the joint of sheets, or pieces, of a fishing net. must not. " Ye manna let him
gan."
"
Ye
mannit and munnit are also used, generally when the word following them begins with a vowel. " Ye munnit abuse the lad." " Ye munnit ax me nowt." But when a consonant follows, then munna is used. " Ye munna
dee'd,"
The forms
"Ye
munna be seen,"
etc.
MANNY,
husband.
a young man, a small man.

"
familiar term for a
The curtain flew up, and a lady did squall To fine music play'd by a cockney bit manny."
R. Emery, b. 1794, d. 1871, Baggy Nanny,
"
"
HeVquite zmanny noo."

Geordy's Last, 1878, p. 18.
She guessed
it
belanged
tiv
her manny."
the Sovereign, 1883.
James Horsley, Geordy and
MANSWORN, "
Any
perjured.
(Obs.)
'
brother calling another
Scot,'
forfeit 6s. 8d., without any forgiveness." of Weavers in Newcastle, August 31, 1527.
or mansworn,' in malice, to Ordinary of Incorporated Company

'
MAP-NAIL,
a nail made for securing the head of a four to six inches long, with a broad flat head.
;
mop, from
MARCH,
the border of a country here applied to the line or mark dividing England from Scotland. The boundary line was in the charge of the several wardens of the East, the The warden of the Middle Middle, and the West Marches. Marches resided commonly at Harbottle Castle, and had jurisdiction over Tynedale and Redesdale. March also means any kind of boundary, as march dyke, march stain. " Sir Henry Perssye laye at the Newe Castell,
He had byn
"
you withouten drede a March-man all hys dayes, And kept Barwyke-upon-Twede.
I tell
:
'
Battle ofOtterburn.
Tivydale
may
carpe off care,
Northombarlonds may mayke great mon, For to we such captayns, as slain wear thear, On the march perti shall never be non." The Hunting of
the Chyviat.
467
MARCHERS,
Times
or Noblemen, who in past, inhabited and secur'd the Marches of Wales and Scotland, ruling as if they were petty Kings, with their private Laws, which were abolished by Stat. 27, H. 8." A New World of Words, 1706. to massacre.
LORD'S MARCHERS,
MARCYCREE, MERCYCREE,
"
Petticoat Robin jumpt up agyen, Wiv's gully to mercykree huz a* ". Swalwell Hopping. Bell's Rhymes, 1812, p. 47.
Then
MARE-STEYNS,
boundary stones.
v
See MERE-STONES.
;
MARLED,
variegated, mottled like marble kinds of leaves and to stones, etc.
applied to some
MARROW, MARRA,
a comrade, a close friend, a workfellow, " We've been one of a pair of things, an equal. working marrows for the last six months." " Aa've getten yen byut on, " The stockins isn't but aa canna find the marra ti'd." An odd thing of a pair is called marrowkss. marras."
equal).
" Newcassel "ill nivor find owt like its marrow " (find anything like Joe Wilson's Songs. Allan's Collection, 1890, p. 185.
its
"
Walks
"
Ev'ry of them beside her Marrow e'en as strait as ev'r was arrow." G. Stuart, Joco-Serious Discourse,
to wark."
Bell's
;
1-686, p. 12.
As me and my marrow was ganning

The
Collier's
Rant.
Rhymes, 1812, p. 35.
"
Ho
And
marrows, 'tis the caller cries his voice in the gloom of the night mist dies."
Edward Corvan,
d. 1865,
The
Caller.
MARROW, MARRA,
tried
ti
!
to pair, to match, to equal. marrow the colour." " Nowt could marrow this." Geordy's Last, 1878, p. 12. " Smash if their Newcassel lyedys
"Aa've
Cou'd marrow the curls o thy brow."

1
W.
Midford, Pitman's Courtship, 1818.
MART.
marvels,
See MAIRT,
marble.
"
;
2.
MARVEL,
a
a " a " bullocker is a very large marvel, usually made of " white glazed pot"; a "tar " is less in size than a " bullocker," " but larger than the ordinary-sized marvel; an " ally is made
unglazed
stone
;
commony " "
Also a playing marble used by boys. Of " is made of common earthenware " " styeny or muggy is glazed and resembles
of alabaster.
" His legs
is
like pillors o' marvel."

v., v. 15.
J.
P. Robson, d. 1870, Sang
o'
Solomon, Newcastle version, ch.
468
the corn-marigold.
MARYGOWLON,
Club, vol. " The
ii.,
Compare GOWLAN.
" In the vicinity of Newcastle this plant is entitled the marygowlon."James Hardy, Buttercups and Daisies. History of Berwickshire Naturalists'
p. 13.
mangold, the flower of the Virgin," so specified in Roman Catholic times, "from a fancied resemblance of the florets of its disk to the rays " The same, p. 15. of glory round the Virgin's head (Forster).
In the neighbourhood of Wooler the name mary-gowlon is given to the " perhaps a corrupt substitution for daisy (Bellis perennis) may-gowan." The same, p. 18, note.
common
MASH,
MASK,
a mason's large iron " Wor to infuse. infused. (p.t.),
hammer.
(tea).
aad wife's ganna mask the tye
Maskeet
" In the brew-house a brewing lead, a maske fatt, a guyle fatt." Monastery of White Friars in Newcastle. R. Welford, History of Newcastle
in
XVI.
Century, p. 240.
MASKIN,
for
a sufficient quantity of tea, coffee, camomile, etc.,
an infusion.
MASSLINJEM, MASSELGEM,
maslin, wheaten meal and rye meal mixed for brown bread. The grain is often grown together and mixes in threshing, and is generally baked with leaven. Masseljam is frequently used to describe any work " Thoo's that has been done in an imperfect manner. myed on't this time/' reg'lar masseljam
"
MASSY,
"
sonsy
massive, huge, great in self-conceit. Applied to a " He's a person or to one with high notions. massy
fellow."
MASTER SHIFTER,
an official who has responsible charge underground of a mine or portion of a mine in his shift during the absence of the overman or back overman.
an official in a colliery who, under the direction of the manager or under-manager, has charge of the ventilation of the mine on the out-bye side of the working headways, including both intake and return air courses.
a mastiff dog.
MASTER WASTEMAN,
MASTIS,
MATCHY,
a piece of touch-paper that is, soft brown-paper steeped in a solution of saltpetre, and used in obtaining a Still carried by old men in the light from a flint and steel. fields. Compare FRIZZLE.
469
MATTELT,
mottled or speckled.
MATTENT,
malted. The flour obtained from wheat that has sprouted, tastes sweet when baked, and is said to be mattent.
MATTENT-BREED, MATTERED-BREED,
flour of wheat that sticks to the knife when cut, in used in its composition.
from the
bread made has sprouted. Mattered-breed consequence of inferior flour
MATTY
[N.] the mark used at quoits or at pitch-and-toss. In South Northumberland and on Tyneside the quoit pin is called a hob, and the mark used in pitch-and-toss is called mot.
,
MAUD,
a plaid.
See HERD'S-MAUD and MAAD.
MAUDLINS,
Mary Magdalene, commonly R. Welford, History of Newcastle in XVI. A seam of coal is called the maudlin seam, Century, p. 436. probably from the circumstance that it was first worked
called the Maudlins.
the Hospital of St.
extensively on the hospital property.
MAUM, MOUM,
land.
'*
soft
and mellow.
Still
used
in
NorthumberBrockett.
of Words, 1706. To ma im a crust of bread is to soften
New World
it
in water."
MAUMY, MAUND,
mellow and
a basket.
juiceless.
" Coals were brought down to the Tyne for shipment in wains, or were carried (A.D. 1600) in maunds, or panniers, holding two or three pecks Brand, History of Newcastle, vol. ii., each, on the backs of pack-horses."
1789, p. 273.
MAUP,
to
mope, to wander about
in a thoughtful
manner.
Brockett.
MAVIES,
MAVIS,
it
may
be, perhaps.
See MEVVY, MAYBIES.
the song-thrush, Turdus musicus, L. So called near the Border. Also known in various parts of Northumberland by the names of thrissel-cock and grey-bird.
"
When
Merry
it is in the good greenwood the mavis and merle are singing."
Lady
of the Lake,
iv., 12.
MAWK.
See MAAK.'
470
See MALIN.
a black, coaly band.
MAWKIN.
MAWKRE,
MAWS,
MAAS.
the
See MACKET.
maws mallow
or
It is also called mashmallis,
marshmallow, Malva moschata, L. and is gathered for poultices. See
MAWZY,
MAY,
a speckled hen.
the blossom of the hawthorn. On the first of May young people go out into the fields, before breakfast, to wash their kittens born in May, are faces in May dew. May-cats It is the common practice to drown considered unlucky. them. " Haddocks are never good
:
Till they've
had the May
flood."
at
Newcastle by the noise of a song, which a woman sang about the streets, who had several garlands in her hand, and which, if I mistake not, she sold to any who were superstitious enough to buy them. Rise up maidens fy for shame, I've been four long miles from name I've been gathering my garlands gay, Rise up, fair maids, and take in your May.' There is no pleonasm it is singly, as the French have it, your May." Brand, Popular Antiquities, 1777, p. 262.
1
"I have more than once been disturbed early on May morning
" Nivver cast a cloot
till
May be
oot."
Old Saw.
MAYBIES
Mevvies
is
" Maybics aa wull gan." [N.], may be, perhaps. not used in North Northumberland. See MEBBY.
MAY-LIKE,
in
perhaps.
"
May-like ye'll be comin'

*
o'
Thorsday."
MAY- WEED,
" a seaweed (a species of fucus ') used as manure Northumberland." James Britten, Old Country and Farming Words. E.D.S. a wonderment, an eccentric person.
"
MAZER,
" He's a reg'lar
mazer, noo."
About hewin thoo hes shaved me
clean,
Ne
"
doot thou thinks't a mazer."
James Armstrong, Wanny

Lads, what a mazir
Blossoms, 1879, p. 163.
aw
found it." R. Elliott, Jack Robson's Courtship.

Collection, 1890, p. 204.
" She's a mazer that neybor abuv." Joe Wilson, Allan's
471
ME,
used instead of I when it forms a compound subject to a sentence. " Me an hor's faalen oot." " Me an him wis there " Tom an' me's Where the cousins, ye knaa." togither." first personal pronoun is the subject me is never used simple it is invariably aa (I). When emphasized, as in " It wasn't me," the sound is heard as mee-uh or mee-ah. " As me an my marrow was ganning te wark." The Collier's Rant.
:
MEAD,
beeses
a meadow.
is
i'
descriptions,
is still in
This word, now used chiefly in poetical common use in Northumberland. " The
the mead."
,
MEAG, MYEG, MAEG
[S.] [N.], a hand; generally Thus " A dorty applied in an uncomplimentary sense. " meag." Keep yor clarty megs off the butter." MEAG, MYEG, to handle, to finger. " Whae's gan ta eat that eftor a' yer myegin ?"
:
MEG
MEAL,
the flour of oats, barley, or peas, as distinguished from that of wheat, which, by way of eminence, is called flour. ** Nouther seeds nor meal" neither one thing nor Jamieson. another is a common proverb.
as
MEAL, MYEL, MAIL, MEALIN,

;
much
as a
cow
gives at
one milking. Meal originally meant a fixed time. Miss-meah to milk a cow one meal and neglect to do so for a meal or two after and to thus intermit until the udder becomes dry.
MEAL-ARK, a MEAL-KAIL.
breakfast."
meal-chest.
" Oatmeal in crowdies and hasty-pudding (provincially meal-kail] for Mackenzie, History of Northumberland, vol. i., p. 201.
MEAL-O'-MEAT,
a meal of any kind of meat. " plea urged by a beggar is the expression, meal-o'-meat thi day, hinny."
A very common
Aa
hevn't
had a
MEAL-SKEP,
;
a small receptacle for meal. coa.l-skep is a a bee-skep is a bee-hive and a skep may be coal-scuttle either a basket, a box, or other kind of receptacle.
;
MEALY,
the colour described as a pale yellowish white colour of oatmeal.

to
the
MEAN,
hurt.
bemoan, to express pain, as an animal does when Also used in the sense of to be pitied, to be sympathised " She is much to with when human beings are referred to. " mean much to be pitied.
K
472
" Siccan a funeral as aa of followers. " See MONY. a meany was there what " Then the Perse owt of Bamborowe cam, With him a mightye meany"
ME A NY,
a nivver saa
company
;
Chevy Chase.
HEAR,
of
the slide on which casks are discharged. It consists two timbers, braced apart like the sides of a ladder, between which the belly of the cask is held as it is slidden
down
lengthwise.
MEAR,
a piece of timber that can be fixed so as to lengthen the leverage of the large gavelock used in quarry work.
MEAR-STYENS,
STONES.
land-mark or boundary stones.
See MERE-
MEAT-HEAL, "
in good bodily health, having just eaten. He's beath meat he-al and druk he-al thor's little or nowse the mitter wuv him." Compare HEART-HYEL.
;
MEATHEW, mildew.
,
"
The wheat was
all
meathewed."
,
MEBBY, MEBBIES, MEVVY, MEVVIES [S.] MAYBIES, MAVIES [N.] may be, perhaps. " Aa'll mebby be there the
t
morn."
ironically, expressing incredulity. mebbies not."

"
" Mebbies aye; mebbies not" a phrase often used " Ye say se mebbies aye,
;
house-fuh of bayrnes an' mebbies but a tehuhm cubbard for them."
Thomas Bewick, The Howdy, etc., ed. 1850, p. u. " We mebby may be awd worsels."
T. Wilson, Pitman's Pay, 1826, pt.
i.,
v. 99.
MEDDLE,
meyk"
to mix, to compound. neither mix nor shape.
" He'll nowther meddle nor
MEETIN,
worship.
the service at a chapel or Nonconformist's place of " We'd a gran sarmon at the meetin thi day."
MEETINS,
incline,
the place
their
where the full and empty tubs pass each other on way out and in.
midway down
a pit shaft, or a rope
MEEZURE, MEEZER, "

corn.
all
a measure, a boll used for measuring meezer" implies "I've got your good and bad qualities noted."
The
phrase,
Aa hev yor
MEEZERIN-STICK,
by measuring each
drill off
a stick used in planting garden potatoes and setting the line to it.
473
MEG,
the
hand
a halfpenny.
[N.]
,
See
MEAG and
MAIK,
2.
MEGGY-LOTCHY
LOACH.
the freshwater loach.
See LIE-
MEGGY-MONYFEET, the chocolate-coloured centipede.

form
is
The
also meg -o'-mony-feet.

to disappear gradually.
It's micelVd
MEISSLE, MICELL,
away."
"To
waste imperceptibly."
Jamieson.
MELDER,
MELL,
MELL,
mill to be ground, or the
the portion or batch of corn taken at a time to a meal from one batch of corn.
Mall, a large
a mallet used by masons and carpenters. wooden hammer with a long handle (shank).
middle.
mell-door,
"The
house."
Hodgson MS.
"
the middle door of the passage or entrance of a
The
mill on't
was
J.
flagged." P. Robson, Sang
o'
Solomon,
version, ch.
iii.,
Northumberland
10.
MELL,
MELL,
"
mild
to
applied to the weather.

" Ye'll
get
"
well day."
if
meddle.
wrang
with."
ye .mil wi'd."
Compare MILL.
You shou'd
consider'd
wha ye mll'd
MELL,
to
pound, to bruise
from the instrument used.
Brockett.
MELL-DOLL,
or KIRN-BABBY, an image gaily dressed like a female child, and carried by a woman on a pole, in the midst of a group of reapers, as they go dancing and screaming to and from the fields on "a shearing out day." These parties generally consist of women but after the day's work is done, the mell-doll, perhaps meaning the meal-doll, graces the board where the swains partake with their female partners in reaping in a plentiful meal, and the evening concludes with mirth, music and dancing. Hodgson, Northumberland, pt. ii., vol. ii., p. 2, note. See KIRN-BABBY, KERN 2, and following
;
words.
474
MELL-SUPPER,
The
mell-doll
formerly the great festival of harvest home. was set up, and eating, drinking, and jollity were entered upon by all the farm hands, under the presidency
of the " maister-man."
'
Nee mair at mell or merry night The cheering bagpipes Wull shall blaw."
Robert Roxby, Lay of the Reedwater Minstrel, 1809.
MELT
a cant word for the tongue. melt, yor aye gan moothin aboot."
[N.]
,
"
Had
yor lang
MENFOLK,
sic things ?"
men in general. " What dis menfolk ken aboot " They ken mair nor womenfolk thinks on."
Menged
tar, a
MENG,
to mix.
composition of tallow and tar
for greasing carts.
Meng
corn,
mixed corn.
MENNIM, MENNAM, MENOWM, MEN NEM,

Leuciscus phoximis> L. used in trout fishing.
" Thor's
a minnow, Mennem hyeuks and mennem tackle are
some
like
mennims,
some
like
worms."
J.
Harbottle, The
Fishiri Club, 1884.
MEN ON
" Men to ride a similar call or signal, meaning that men are coming up in the next cage. W. E. Nicholson, Glossary of Coal Trade Terms, 1888.
!
a call from the onsetter to the banksman or brakesman, meaning that men are in the cage to be drawn up. "
!
MENSE,
honour, manliness, good manners, " He hez decency a most comprehensive word. nowther sense nor mense" said of one without sense or decency. "He's a mense ti the family" one who adds repute to his circle. To " save one's mense" is to save one's reputation or
credit, reputation,
;
discretion,
credit
either for personal courage, for hospitality, for
good
manners, or for any of the personal or domestic virtues. " Twad leuk mair tiv his mense to gan an muck the byre."
"
George Chatt, Old Farmer, 1866. Never a soul had the mense to come near." Sawney Ogilby's Duel. Bell's Rhymes, 1812. " Blenkinsopp's laird leuk'd ower the wa', He was the wiser man o* the twa, For he saved his mense, and his banes an a' !"
R. Surtees,
Life.
Surtees Society, p. 47.
MENSE,
to
become, to grace, to adorn.

11
To
bonny church ye've studden mense wor canny toon." Robert Nunn, d.
!
lang,
1853, St. Nicholas' Church.
475
MENSEFUL,
for the tea
;
gracious, comely.
it'll
" We'll set oot the best

like."
ware
be mair menseful
MENSEFUL-PENNY,
for the
the money spent at an inn in return use of the house as a place of resort, when the country folk come into the town.
ill-bred, rude, uncivil, heartless.
MENSELESS,
(Obs.)
"
MENSION, MENCON,
The march and
a boundary ditch, march, or division.
uttermost bounder between England and Scotland
stretcheth and goeth by an old mension of a dycke called the Marche dyke, between the fields of the town of Mildrom and Scotland unto a Hodgson MS. (Reference wanting.) calsey called Chapman dean."
" Westwarde by an old mencon of a dyke." Survey of Tuggal, 1567. Bateson, History of Northumberland, vol. i., p. 352. " Ye mencyon of an olde dike." The same.
MERE, MIER,
STANES.
a boundary.
MERE-STONES,
mete or bounder stones.
Compare MAIRCH-
" From thence by mere stones set up in the Langstrother to the dyke of Grensyde." Metes and Bounds of the Ville of Carraw. Hodgson,
Northumberland, vol.
iii.,
pt.
ii.,
p. 397.
MER-FIRE,
the luminous appearance of the sea at night.
Compare WILD-FIRE.
MERRY NEET, MERRY MEETIN,
a festive entertainment, followed by music, dancing, and "gam" (or fun and games). These neets generally " came off" in the house of an indigent couple or woman, and the entrance fee was an indirect charitable donation.
to mitigate, to soothe.
"
MESE,
Whae's
And
this kens my name sae weel, thus to mese my waes does seik ?" Jock o'
the Side.
MESSIT, MESSAN,
is
a half-bred a messit-dog in iv a hoose."
little
dog.
"
The
best watch
MET,
a measure. At quoits or at pitch-and-toss, when a dispute arises as to the throw that lies nearest to the hob or mot, a small stick or a piece of straw is taken to measure the This is called a met. To met, to measure. " Aa's distances. in, aa tell ye ; aa'll met ye for'd."
476
argillaceous stone.
METAL,
Metal is variously described as according to its degree of hardness, and is spoken of as grey, blue, dark, and black-metal, as it When grit is prevalent it is called metal-stone. varies in shade. Metal is also the common name for road-making material when
soft, or strong, or slaty,
broken as macadam.
" Metal." Professor Lebour, Geology of Locally, shale is called Plate or Northumberland and Durham, second edition, 1886, p. 40.
METAL-COAL,
coal containing pyrites.
It is
peculiarly liable
to spontaneous ignition.
METALLY,
partaking of the] nature of shale.
METAL-RIG,
the curved ridge of thill stone occupying the face of a board or excavation in a coal pit, caused by the pressure of the superincumbent strata. Brockett.
METTER, a
Brockett.
person legally authorised to measure (Newcastle).

be, perhaps.
MEVVY, " MEVVIES, MAVIES, may

not."
"
Mevvy
He's mevvies not se fond as ye think."
See MEBBY.
MEW,
the
to stir
[S.]
up hay or straw.
,
MEYUN
It is unlucky to see the moon. time through glass. Money in the Women pocket is immediately turned for luck on seeing it. " We'll he' this with three curtsies to the myun. accompany " said when bad weather, aa doot the myun's on ov hor back " It's the crescent lies aslant. gan ti be wet the myun winna had in "said when the horns point so as to give the appearance of a tilted barrel in such a position as not to hold A " burgh " is the wide halo of rings seen in in water. It portends foul weather. a damp atmosphere.
MYUN
new moon
[T.] for the first
MEZEL, MIZZLE,
to drizzle.
" It's mezelin' on
o'
rain."
MEZEL-THRUSH, sometimes called mezeltoe-thrush, the misselthrush, Turdus viscivorus, L.

stormcock,
It is
variously called missel-Dick,
and red-rumped
a bushel.
thrush.
MEZZUR,
See MEEZURE.
MICKLE, MUCKLE, "

Ye byeth
v. 49.
much, great.
See MUCKLE.
Thos. Wilson, The Pitman's Pay,
ha'e mickle yet to learn."
pt.
iii.,
"
11
The
Here may men
may
mykel se," the great sea. Pricke of Conscience, 1. 6,319. se mikel of man's wretchednes, and mykel men telle." The same, 1. 924.
mare
yhit
477
Brockett.
MIDDEN-CROW, MIDDENSTEED,
"
the carrion crow, Corvus corone,L. Called also black-neb.
a dung heap, an ash or refuse heap. Midden-bottom, the site on which a manure heap has stood. Midden-hole, the porthole through which ashes are shot.
Midden, a contemptuous term for a female, conjoining the ideas of
insipidity, inactivity,
and
dirt."
Brockett.
"Across the meidow rigs his scythe wad foremost gan, An' in the midden-steed he was a mighty man." George Chatt, Old Farmer, poems, 1866,
p. 87.
MIDDERN,
to
the midriff, or diaphragm.
MIDDLE-LIMMERS,
limmers, or shafts, that are attached the yoke-hole in the centre of a tub-end. Nicholson, Glossary of Coal Trade Terms, 1888.
the soft-grass, or Holcus lanatus, L.
MIDGE-GRASS,
MIDGY,
MIDGY.
by putters and
Midgy's-ee, a
See PRY.
:
a candle lantern closed at back and sides only drivers in a pit. See MISTRESS.
" Bitten aal all
used
a midget, a gnat.
ower wi midgies"
minute thing.
It
MIDSUMMER.
merrymakers
;
Midsummer Eve.
and, as the flames died down, couples who wished to be lucky jumped over the embers. This custom still On " Head Sunday " or (1893) exists at Whalton. Midsummer Sunday that is, the Sunday after old Midsummer Day, it was the custom for great crowds to resort to certain " Holy Wells."
"
was a custom to make a large bonfire on This was surrounded by dancers and
On
the Sunday following the 4th of July, that
is
about
Midsummer
Style, people assembled (strange to say) even this last year (1877) to celebrate the old Midsummer Sunday at the Bore Well. Within own recollection the yearly pilgrimage to Gilsland Wells on the Sunday after old Midsummer Day took place." The Rev. G. Hall, Archceologia &liana, vol. viii., p. 60, etc.
Day, according to the Old
my
Rome
MIDSUMMER-MEN,
MIER,
when
noo"
a boundary.
the rose root, Sedum rhodiola.
See MERE.
MIFFEY,
set in
Sometimes applied to plants " Th'or the ground unseasonably. miffey just that is, liable to fail if transplanted.
petted, capricious.
478
MILD,
It is applied not only to metals, as soft, easy to work. mild steel, etc., but to stone and other substances. Mild post, Mild limestone, easily wrought limestone, etc. soft stone. The term opposed to it is strong, which means hard, intractable.
MILES,
It grows in rich the goosefoot, Chenopodium album, L. land and frequently on midden heaps, and is hence also known
as muckweed.
See FAT HEN.
MILKER,
the cow.
cow
that gives milk

Brockett.
not the person
who
milks
" She's a top milker."
MILK-ILL, a disease among ewes. Compare ILL, QUARTER-ILL,

and LOUPIN-ILL.
MILK-SILE,
a milk-strainer; usually a wooden bowl having a perforation in the bottom covered with fine hair-cloth or fine gauze.
MILKUS,
a milk house, a dairy.
MILKY-THRISSEL, the milk thistle, Carduus marianus. MILL, a mix up. When a number of mason's tools have
been sharpened they are brought out from the smithy and thrown down in a heap. This is called a mill. The tools are one by one picked out of the mill and sorted by the distinctive marks of each mason. Compare MELL, 3.
intoxicated,
"
MILLED,
mixed up.
Wright and Halliwell both

hyem
quote this as a Newcastle word.
The
Fairly mill'd, gan dancin
reel of
Tullygorum." T. Wilson, Oiling of Dick/ s Wig, 1826.

flour unsifted, as
MILL-EE, MILL-EYE,
millstones. millstones.
it comes from the through which the flour is discharged from the outer-casing which surrounds a pair of
Mill-eye, the orifice
MILLER'S-THUMB,
MILL-REEK,
Brockett.
the sea
fish,
Armed
bull-head of Yarrell,
Aspidophorus cataphmctus, Jenyns.
The fumes
a disease to which lead workers are subject. rising from the smelt mill.
MILL-TROU,
the spout
Compare LADE.
carrying water
to
mill
wheel.
479
MIM,
affected, prim.
MIM-MOOTHED, MIN, MUN, must.

leuk oot."
close-mouthed, quiet.
"
Aa
min be careful."
"
Aa mun be on
the
MIND,
to remember, to remind. "Mind me on" bid me remember. In its imperative form it means "be sure." " Mind ye dinna stop ower lang." It also means "beware." A notice board at Pelaw Staith reads (1888) "Mind the waggons." To "have a mind" or "have a good mind" is to " Aa've a feel disposed. good mind ti clash yor jaa, ye young
" About fifty year syne, I mind o' seein trouts that thick i' the Thrum, below Rothbury, that if ye had stucken the end o' yor gad into the water amang them, it wad amaist ha'e studden upreet." S. Oliver, the Younger (Chatto), Rambles in Northumberland, 1835, p. 69. "
yep."
Mind think me on when

stor
at the toon."
till
Pitman's Pay, pt.

J.
i.,
v. 98.
o'
"Dinna
maw
luve
Solomon, Northumberland
'he hes a mind." version, ch. ii., v. 7.
P. Robson, Sang
MINDED,
" Aa wis minded to of the mind, disposed to. gan, but ," that is, of the mind to go, or thought of going. " Inward minded" said of a person of a reserved disposition.
a forward girl.
MINDEN,
spoken
in
" Di ye hear me, sirrah mindenP"

to a
admonishment
wayward
girl.
MINNY,
the pet or familiar

"
name
for mother.
When
Nell had laugh 'd and minny cried." T. Wilson, Pitman's Pay, 1826, pt.
!
i.,
V. 44.
"
Maw
As
faix
it
seems a canny sprout,
big maist as
its minny." T. Thompson, d. 1816, Jemmy Joneson's Whurry.
MINT,
" She " He nivvor even minteet it ta me." to hint. didn't dee'd reet oot To make a she oney minted at it." " Aa wasn't feint. gan ti hit him aa oney minted at him." To " myek a mint " is to make an attempt at doing.
;
;
"
Mint, to aim
at,
to wish for, to
have a mind
to."
Todd.
MINT-DROPS,
's
red campion, Lychnis diurna.

[N.]
;
MINTY-LEUKIN
gye minty-lwkiu'
a muddle.
weedy
in appearance.
"
Them taties
thor no' thrivin'."
MIRD,
"
The
creature
made
a complete mird of it."
480
bittern,
MIRE-BLEATER, MIRE-DRUM, the Now a rare, casual visitant. stellaris, L.
Botaurus
" It appears to have been pretty abundant in the marshy regions of Northumberland, before the moorlands were so extensively drained and cultivated." John Hancock, Birds of Northumberland and Durham, p. 128.
MIRE-SNIPE,
the
common
and
snipe, Gallinago scolopacinus.
Also
called heather-bleater
gutter-snipe.
MIRK,
neet."
dark.
"
Aa canna
see, it's se mirk."
" It's a mirk
MISCA,
"
hard things to anyone. mornin', maidens ; God forgi' me, if aw misca ye." (Old farmer's salutation to his female workers.)
to miscall, to call amiss, or say
Gude
MISCHANCY,
MISDOOT,
mischievous, generally applied to a horse or other animal that is constantly getting into scrapes. Brockett.
to doubt, to suspect.
"Ye mevies
"
Aa
me but just take a trial." P. Robson, d. 1870, Wonderful Tallygrip. Bards of the Tyne, p. 20. nivvor can misdoot him,
misdoot
J.
Sic brave
ways he hes aboot him."
A New
Song
tiv
an
A ad
Teun.
MISERD, MYSART,
MIS KEN,
"
a miser.
to be ignorant of, to forget, to disown.

G. Stuart, Joco-Serious Discourse, 1686, p. The same, p. 25. (forgot herself).
(disowned) thy betters."
14.
" Miskenn I tell'd ye." " Misken'd her-sel "
Thou aylways has miskenn'd

"
The same,
p. 44.
MISLEARD, MISLEERT,
ill-bred, ignorant. Nay, hald a cast, I trow ye jear'd. Think ye that I'll be sae mislear'd ? " (ill-bred) G. Stuart, Joco-Serious Discourse, 1686,
p.
u.
MISLEST,
to molest.
MISLIPPEN,
"
Our maister
to disappoint, to neglect. will be out o' patience

p. 32.
If \vemislippne his occasions."
MISLUCKET,
We've been varry fortinit wi' the unlucky. powltry, but mislucket wi' the geese."
to mispair, to mismatch.
"
MISMARROW,
481
MISMEAVE,
"
to trouble, to disturb.
least mismeave
This shall not in the of the Tyne, 1854, P 2 9-
our mind."
W.
Kelly, Teetotallers
MISSENS,
of a
anything missing.
room from which
furniture has been
"Here's a missens here" said removed Brockett.
MISTACHED, MISTETCHED,
bad habits. "He's a is termed mistached."
ill-taught, mistetched yen."
"A
having learned dangerous horse
MISTOR,
title
The word is used in a sense different from the sir. It is used by a superior to an inferior or in a of Mr. tone of reproof as, " Noo then, mistor, what are ye deein wi' ma box ?" An employer is always the maister or the maisterman.
to put out of the regular habit of hed little sleep for a week."
life,
MISTIME,
Aa
wis
sair mistimed, an'
MISTRESS,
It is
left
a pit lantern used by drivers in the main airways. simply an oblong box wanting the front side, which is unglazed and open. It is also called a midgy. a mitten. a confused mixture.
MIT,
MIXTY-MAXTY, MIXTER-MAXTER,
MOAK, MOKE
MOIDART,
what
[W.-T.]
a maggot.
See MAAK.
MOCKING-BIRD,
the sedge warbler, Calamodyta phragmitis.
confused in mind, distracted.
"
What wi' this
an'
wi' that, aa's fair moidart"
MONE,
Ye
a man.
[Holy Island.]
"
MONKEY, "
here."
a pert, vexatious child. clarty monkey, ye."

fantastic.
Come
o'
"
here, ye monkey.
MONKEY,
ruminant
" Let's he' nyen
them monkey
tricks
MONYFADS, MUNNYFADS,
;
one of the stomachs of a
meaning many
folds.
MOOLER,
soil,
to crumble, to moulder, to decay ; as to mooler the " The frost'll seun mooler the to mooler a piece of bread.
clods doon."
482
mould, earth.
MOOLS, MOOLD,
words.
"
See
MOUD
and following
They dug his grave but a bare foot deep, With neither pick nor spade That the dew of heaven might fall and dreep On the mools where he was laid."
R. Surtees, Barthram's Dirge.
''
The
I
bairn
down
in the wools,
;
O saft and saft sleeps she would the mools were ower my head, And the young bairn just wi' me, my love, And the young bairn just wi' me." A. C. Swinburne, The Tyneside Widow, 1888.
mouldy.
"
my
dear,
MOOLY, MOOLDY,
bit mooly cheese."
MOONGE,
cattle.
" Aa've sitten here wivoot a complaint, a moan. It is especially applied to the low grunt of ivver a moonge." u Ye manna to grumble, to complain sulkily. she's aye moonge-moongin on aboot nowt."
MOONGE,
wor wife
bad
;
mind
MOONGIN,
moongin at
?
moaning
"
;
as a
cow
in pain
to please
he's elwis
gan moongin aboot."
grumbling. "Jack's " What are ye

but played by
See MOUNGE.
MOONT THE
lads in sides.
KITTY,
game
like leap-frog,
MOONY,
the bird goldcrest, Regulus

a
cristatus,
Fleming.
MOOR-BAND,
soil
Roots of plants origin. this the case with the

11
conglomerate rock, apparently of volcanic touching it die quickly especially is hawthorn, which will not grow upon
;
containing moor-band. Moor Gravels, little known and not very comprehensible deposits. They are very widely but irregularly distributed over Western and
Central Northumberland. Professor Lebour, Geology of Northumberland and Durham, second edition, 1886, p. 22.
MOOR-EVERLASTING,
dioicum,
the
plant
cat's-ear,
L.
GnapJialimn
MOOR-GAME, MOpR-COCK, MUIR-FOWL,

grouse, Lagopus Scoticus.
the
red
Called also the gorcock.
MOORGRIEVE,
moorland.
the overseer or custodian of the pasture or
MOORHEN,
the female of the red grouse.
483
MOORTEEK,
and hard- shelled, and remains firmly fixed
a parasite found adhering to dogs. It is large to the skin.
MOOR-WHIN,
bmchyotus.
the needle genista.
See MOSS-WHIN.
short-eared
owl,
MOOSE-HAAK,
mouse-hawk,
the
Otus
MOOSE'S PEAS, MOUSE'S PEAS,

cracca,
the tufted vetch, Vicia
L.
the moult, to moult.
" Like ony chicken efter moot, When its awd coat it fairly casses." T. Wilson, Pitman's Pay, pt.
MOOT,
iii.,
1829, v. 5.
MOOT,
Ward-mote, Moot-hall, Newcastle. meeting. meeting of the principal inhabitants of a ward.

a
' ;
"The proper sense of moot is 'meeting,' as in moot-hall, hall of assembly hence to moot is to discuss at a meeting, and a moot point is one reserved for public discussion." Skeat, Concise Etymological Diet.
'
MOOTER, MOOTERIN, multure. MOOTERIN, mouldering, decaying. MOOTH, damp and warm applied "
;
See MOUTER.
mooth neet
" It to the weather. a state of weather after a farmer's heart.
is
MOOTH-GROVES,
generally entering
MOUTH-GROVES,
coal.
short
levels,
upon the crop of a
MOOTH-POKE,
MOPPY,
a nose-bag for a horse.
a rabbit.
MORN, MOO-RN, "
"He'll be there the morrow, morning. morn not necessarily to-morrow morning. " Are ye gan the " " " The morn's toon the morn ? Ay the morn at efterneun." " " Aa'll be there first thing to-morrow morning. mornin the morn's mornin, aall be well."
;
MORT,
the death of a beast of chase. Mort and morth are " commonly used in the phrase Aa'vegetten a morto caad" a severe cold. See MURTH. that is,
1
"They hunted high, they hunted low, By heathery hill and birken shaw They raised a buck on Ropken Edge, And blew the mort at fair Ealylawe."
;
Death of Parcy Reed.
484
or MORTAL-CLAY, drunk. aa saa him he wis mortal-clay:'
first
MORTAL,
"When
MOSS, MOSS,
"
He cam in mortal:'
the
shoots and the flower stalks of the cotton
grass, Eriophorum vaginatum.
See LING.
a peat-bog, a place where peats are dug; peat.
MOSSCHEEPER,
wully.
the meadow pipit, Anthus pratensis, L. Called also grey-cheeper, titlark, titlin, cuckoo's titlin, and syeuty-
"A resident, and abundant everywhere." John Hancock, Birds of Northumberland and Durham. "Trill thy sweet lay, thou wee mosscheeper." Jas. Armstrong, Friar John, 1879.
MOSS-HAG, PEAT-HAG,
a rough projecting mass of peat
in the form of an escarpment on the face of the moor, or on the sides of the water channels which intersect the surface in places.
MOSSTROOPER,
march
lands.
the Border trooper of old time, who was accustomed to traverse the wide and trackless mosses of the
" In 1662, lewd, disorderly, lawless thieves and robbers, commonly called moss troopers, infested the Borders, residing in large wastes, heaths, and mosses, who through secret ways escaped from one kingdom to another to elude punishment." History of the Roman Wall, W. Hutton, 1802, p. 102. ''Moss-troopers; that is, thieves and robbers, who, after having committed offences in the Borders, do escape through wastes and mosses." Statute 13 and 14, Charles II., c. 22. Quoted in Todd.
MOSS-WHIN,
also moor-whin
the needle genista, Genista anglica, L.
Called
and
heathers
Frequent on heaths, ascending to Gunnerton Crags, Alwinton, and Ross Castle Moor, near Wooler." New Flora of Northumberland and Durham, p. 148.
MOT,
the
mark
aimed
at in the
game
usually a white speck or piece of boody of pitch and toss. Compare MATTY.
MOTE-HILLS,
the names at Elsdon, Wark, Haltwhistle, Harbottle, etc., of hills with earthern ramparts. Near Ryal a hill is called the Moot-law. Assizes were held on the
mote-hill at Wark, North Tyndale, in 1279 and in 1293. " The inhabitants of Redesdale and Tindale, accustomed to have their disputes settled, and themselves to sit as jurymen, upon the mote-hills at Harbottle or Elsdon, and at Wark or Haltwhistle." Hodgson, Northumberland, pt. ii., vol. i, p. 3.
"As in the case of dike, the same word means either the trench cut out or the embankment thrown up, or both together." Prof. Skeat, under moat, Concise Etymological English Dictionary, third edition.
485
MOTHER-FEW-CLAES,
Brisson.
Called
commonly
;
the little grebe, Podiceps fluviatilis, the dab chick or dob chick.
MOTHERGATE,
W.
in a pit, the continuation of the rolleyway or the place in the workings that into the workings will at a future period be converted into a rolleyway. E. Nicholson, Glossary of Coal Trade Terms, 1888.
MOTHERS,
mother liquor, the uncrystallizable residuum left in the bottom of a salt-pan in salt works or of a crystallizing pan in alkali works.
the snapdragon.
MOTHER'S-NEET-CAP,
MOTHER-WUT,
mother
wit, natural shrewdness.
MOU. See Mow. MOUD, to spread or

"
1651.
scale mole heaps. Item paid the fiddler when the feildes were mouded in 1650."
Gateshead Church Books. " Paid for pipeing to the mowders 2S." The same, 1655.
when they
skailed the
Town
Fields,
MOUDY, MOODY, MOOLY, MOWDYWARP, MOUDIWORT, MOODYWARP, MOOLYWARP, the mole, "
Tell Jack the moudy to come Talpa vulgaris. Moudy, a mole catcher.
" I
o'
Monday."
He had
"
knew him by the trade, a moudie poke and spade." T. Donaldson, Glanton, 1809,
The Molecatcher's Lamentation.
Rejoice, ye cats, an' foumerts too, Ye moudiworts, an' a' your crew." The same. Elegy on a Favourite Bitch.
MOUDY-BOORD, the mould-board of a plough. MOUDY-HEELOCK, MOODY-HILL, a mole-hill. MOUDY-RATTAN, the mole, Sometimes applied
shrew mouse.
to
the
MOUDYWART,
oot
a mole-hill.
"
them moudy warts."
Bella, hinny,
gan an' spreed
MOULTIN [W.-T.] a malt-kiln. MOUNGE, MOONGE, to lament,

MOONGE.
"
'
to
grumble to
oneself.
See
What,
is
And moungin
ye gyen ? Bold Archy said, scratched his head." R. Gilchrist, Bold Archy.
'
486
a horse block.
MOUNT, MOONT,
Compare HORSE-STYEN,
'
'
CRUPPER-STONE, and PILLION-STYEN.

" Almost every house had outside steps, or mounts as they were called, to enable the wife or daughter to mount the pillion on which they travelled, under the guidance of master or brother, to market or fair."W. Dunn, History Bwks. Naturalists' Club, vol. v., p. 417. Rev.
J.
MOUNTAIN-FLOWER,
sylvaticum,
the
wood
geranium,
Geranium
L.
MOUTER, MOOTER,
kind
;
multure, the miller's wages taken in as a quart for grinding a bushel, or a bushel for Two different multures were formerly grinding a quarter. and the used the " gowpenful," that is, two handsful In more recent "handful," a term which explains itself. times the mooter allowed was more clearly denned, though each mill had its own scale of charges. The miller's portion is also called a mootevin.
;
"
Sometimes he took his gowpins, sometimes he took bis hat, Sometimes he took the mouter dish to where the toll was pat." Robin Spraggon's Auld Grey Mare.
MOUTER-DISH,
;
a round, concave, wooden dish, about seven inches in diameter. " Now, sir, this is what we ca' the Moutar dish, an' that's a Kenning we measure a' the corn wi that." Richardson's Table there, ye see
1
Book, Leg. Div., vol.
i.,
p. 216.
MOVED-OFF-THE-BOARD,
When settled and done for. any question has been discussed and arranged, it is said to have been moved-off-the-board.
a pile of cut corn. A stack carried to a barn before threshing is built up in divisions called mows, generally occupying the breadth between two roof principals.
MOW, MOU,
MOW, MOU. To
threshing.
"mou
the stree," to build up the straw at
MOW, MOU,
11
the mouth.
Proverb.
What
goes to the mou myeks the coo."
In derision wry'd her mow."

p. 27.
MOW,
mouth. Compare MOWES. "Mumping and Mowing, making Faces." (" Looking as if they would
to gesticulate with the
G. Stuart, Joco-Serious Discourse, 1686, p. 42.
bite," says the margin.)
487
"
MOWBAND,
aall."
It
to
comprehend,
to
mowband that."
expression,
yit."
To
pronounce.
;
"
make out. Aa canna Aa couldn't mowband it at
means literally to get the mouth about, as in the " Wait a bit thoo canna mowband that big word
MOWD. See MOUD. MOW-DARGUE, a day's work in

"
mowing.
See DARG.
Each tenant
shear dargues and Hodgson, Northumberland, pt.
to perform yearly a mow-dargue (day's work) and 2 one catch yearly from Thirlwall Castle to Newbigin."
is
ii,,
vol.
iii.,
p. 144.
MOWES,
" It
IN
in
MOWES,
mowes that
I
in jest.
did speer."
(Obs.)
Discourse,
was
1686, p. 14.
"Moe
Glossary.
or Mowe, a distortion of the face
made
in ridicule."
Naye's
MOWSENT, MOWSEND, "

damp-smelling.
fusty,
mouldy, not sweet

a'
musty,
That smells
mowsent."
MUCE,
a narrow passage for game. trap into which the rabbits are George Culley, Live Stock, 1801, p. 217.
Compare SMUT-HOLE.
led
"The
by a very narrow muce."

'
" Old French musette, a little Musit, a small gap in a hedge. (F.) hole Cotgrave. Diminutive of Old French musse, a secret corner, from F. musser, to hide." Professor Skeat, Concise Eng. Diet.
' ;
MUCK,
"
manure.
Barrasford land's muck for Humshaugh."
Wor
North Tyne saying.
MUCK,
MUCK,
messy.
"
He
wis in a muck sweat."
" Aa's muck wet."
Compare MUCKY.
to clean the byre, lad." winter muckeet."
"
To
'" up manure or refuse. Had-away, muck manure to land. "That land's aa apply It also means to make a mess.
He
mucks in our mickle meal-chest."

Tweedside.
Bell's
Rhymes, 1812,
p. 252.
MUCK-HACK,
a many-pronged fork with the grains bent round. With it, the muck, or farm litter, is dragged out from the stable or byre to the muck heap.
MUCK-HEAP-LIE-ON,
game played by
L
Also a a higgledy-piggledly heap. children, who pile themselves on the top of each other, shouting as they do so, " Muck-heap-lie-on."
488
to a dirty a heap.
MUCKHUT, a term of opprobrium, generally applied "

woman.
Get away, ye greet muckhut."
Hut is or heap of muck is used in the same sense Muck-heap " She's hut. just a gannin heap o' muck"
It is
as muck-
MUCKLE,
chep."
*'
" Gaan aboot like a muckle soo." much, great, large. often used as a duplicative term to express something " He's a greet, muckle, big extraordinarily impressive, as
See MICKLE.
gav us muckle grief." Geo. Chatt, Poems. Old Farmer, 1866, p. 86, "Like vunto greate stinkyng mucle medin hilles." Bullein, Dialogue,
It
1564.
Early English Text Society, p.
9,
1.
12.
MUCKLEDEUM,
"
bigness, size.
ha.'fe
(Obs.)
G. Stuart, Joco-Serious Discourse,
The
muckledeum of
a crown."
1686, p. 60.
MUCK-MIDDEN, MUCK-MIDDENSTEED,
a dunghill.
MUCK-WEED,
MUD,
and shoes.
the
weed goosefoot.
See MILES.
for the soles of boots
a headless nail used
by shoemakers
MUDGE, "
I
" You must not to stir, to move, or shift. nudge." " Aa canna have never mudged." it's ower mudge 'd
;
hivvy."
MUFFATEES,
weather.
cuffs of
wool or
fur,
worn on the wrists
in cold
MUG,
a breed of sheep of very inferior kind, once prevalent in the low parts of Northumberland.
" Called Mugs, from the wool growing in their very eyes." Culley, Live Stock, 1801, p. 156.
George
MUG, MUG, MUG,
the mouth.
a fool.
"
Wadn't he
" Aa'll
he'
been a mug
if
if
he'd gyen, noo
"
?
to thrash.
mug ye
ye taak
like that."
MUGGER, originally
a travelling hawker of mugs and earthenware, but often applied to the whole tribe of itinerant hawkers " Tinklers an' indiscriminately. muggers." Mugger's cairt, a special kind of cart upon which a cover or hood can be placed as a shelter to the occupants. Muggerishlike, having the appearance of a mugger dirty in person and of a ragamuffin type. There is a common saying descriptive of hard " work, Aa's sweetin like a mugger's cuddy."
t
489
" Aa's fair
MUGGERT-UP,
muggeret-up"
worn
out, completely exhausted.
MUGGY, MUGGY,
MULE,
a small marble
made
of glazed earthenware.
the lesser whitethroat, Cttrraca garrula.
a mongrel boat that is, between a coble and a fishing Used exclusively for boat, with a sharp bow at both ends. It is similar to the coble used for white herring fishing.
fishing along the Northumberland coast, but with this difference, that it is much larger and has a sharp stern, similar to the stem, but not so much raised. It has only been introduced in late years, being found more suitable than a keel boat for a flat, sandy beach, as it draws less water.
MULL,
"
crumbled particles, crumbs. See MULLER. The fragments and dust of a stack of peats are called
is
peat mull.
Oat bread, broken into crumbs,
called mullen bread."
Hodgson MS.
MULLER,
" Muller
to crumble.
"
Yor
mullerin the breed."
"Mullert
breed," crumbled bread.

is the same as Mulled ale is a moulder,' to crumble. corruption of muld-ale or mold-ale, a funeral ale or feast. Middle English, from molde, the earth of the grave, and ale, a molde-ale, a funeral feast feast (as in bride-ale). The sense being lost, mulled was thought to be a past participle, and a verb to mull was evolved from it." Skeat, Concise
' ;
Etymological English Dictionary, under mould.
MULLERS, mould, earth, and small clods. MULLOCK, a muddle, a mess. "He's myed
wark."
"
a mullock
o'
his
Mullock, dirt or rubbish."
Bailey.
MULLS,
the lips of a sheep
or, in
contempt, of a man.
"Aw'll slap yor mulls." Brockett. "Mulls, of Scandinavian origin. Icelandic muli, the snout of a beast, mouth. So too the German maul, mouth, has a rather depreciatory
sense."
Note by the Rev. Professor
W. W.
Skeat.
MUMLERS [N.], mummers. MUMMLER, an agricultural implement

rough surface of the
field.
for
breaking down the
MUMP,
"
to eat with closed lips. an' eatin."
Old people often say"Mumpin

spunge upon, to beg."
Bailey.
Mump,
to bite the lip like a rabbit, to
4QO
must.
"
MUN,
"
Aa mun
he'd
"
must have
it.
He
with baith hands mun play."

"
G. Stuart, Newcastle, Joco-Serious
Aa mun
he'd swapped." His Other Eye. Allan's Tyneside Songs, 1891,
p. 541.
MUNCH,
a meal, something to eat. " Wiv a' the stravaging aw wanted a munch." T. Thompson, d. 1816, Canny
Newcastle.
MUNNA, MUNNET, "

Ye
must
not.
" Ye munna gan that way."

is
munnet eat .ony."
The form manna
also used.
MURDERING-PIE,
Lanius excubitor L.
the ash-coloured shrike, or butcher bird,

Brocket*.
.MURN
[N.],
MORN
[T.], to
mourn.
MURTH, MORTH, MORT,

'
'
death, or the deadly suffering from exposure to intense cold. experienced " What ails 'He had bidden ower lang the water Frank, Robin ?
i'
when he was
out fishin', and he has getten amurth of cauld.' Rambles in Northumberland, 1835, p. 70, note.
"
S. Oliver,
MUSH,
aall
11
anything mashed up. A soft, yielding substance, such " The streets wis as a wet, clayey road, or half-melted snow.
mush"
Strang and houghs stewed R. Emery, Steam Soup.
down
slush."
to mush, are gobbled up biv every Bards of the Tyne, 1849, p, 67.
MUSHEL,MUSSEL-BANDS,MUSSEL-BEDS, MUSSELSCALP,
layers in the coal measures.
See SCALP.
thickness, consisting almost a genus of molluscs allied to the entirely of the shells of Anthracosia mussels of our rivers." Prof. G. A. Lebour, Geology of Northumberland
in
" Seldom
more than a few inches
and Durham, second edition, 1886,
p. 42.
MUSHY,
is soft
mashed down, spongy.
"
A mushy bog."
coal having the appearance of being crushed or to a pasty condition.
Mushy coal mashed
MUSHROOM-HITCH,
occasioned by substances.
the
an inequality in the floor of a mine, projection of basaltic or other stony

" Ye've toozlt a'
MUTCH,
woman's cap.
me
mutch, lad
"
!
491
MUTCHKIN,
a measure of a pint. This word appears to have been used on the English side of the Border in former times, for in the Joco-Serious Discourse, 1686, p, 15, the landlady at Durham asks her Northumberland guests " Will ye take a " Mutch-kin o' Wine ? The margin explains it as pint.
caressed.
MYED-ON,
" He's muckle myed on."
MYELN,
a dirty lass; an oven clout.

!
See MAILIN.
MY JOES
an exclamation.
"
My joes
fear
Yon
is
a parlish ingeneer."
NA, no
etc.
" Adna" " Na." I do not. "Aa henna" I have not. "Aa winna'' I will not. "Ye " " Aa he shall not. munna" you must not. " He shanna " canna I cannot.
The a (negative adverb). "Are ye gan win us?"
very short, as in #, pat,
hat,
N ABBLY. A nabbly
NACK,
clod
is
one the size of an apple.
to crack together
two hard or resounding surfaces.
See
KNACK, KNACK-REEL. " He nacks his heels,

crack."
an'
round he wheels, an' gies his thooms a

1879.
James Armstrong, Fair Joan,
NACKEREL [N.], an acorn. NACKET [N.], NACKEY [T.]

not nackey"
is
endeavours
"Yor conceitedly clever. often said to a self-important person who See KNACKET, to show off to advantage.
,
KNACKEY.
NACKIT
NACKS,
nackit of a thing."
"He's oney a little [N.], an insignificant person. Keh, ye little nackit!" said to a child.
or GNACKS, a disease among poultry, which is supposed to be cured by drawing a quill feather from the fowl affected, pushing the quill through the nostrils, and drawing the feather through them.
NAF,
the nave or hub of a wheel.

trifling,
See NATH.
just naffin on."
NAFFIN,
frivolmg.
"
They were
NAFGAR,
an auger.
4g2
to
NAG,
at
?
" What are ye naggin on worry with fault-finding. Yor elwis nag-naggin on aboot something."
NAG,
a sour taste.
querulous, irritable in talk.
" If
NAGGY,
aw be naggy, Nanny's smile Suin myeks me blythe as ony lark." T. Wilson, Pitman's Pay, 1826,
a nag.
pt.
i.,
v. 76.
NAIG, NAIGIE,
afoot.
44
To
" take Shanky's naigv"
to
go
a aw Landlord hanck your naig a while, For I ha' ridden full lang twa mile Out of my Gate, to overtake ye."
Hev
G. Stuart, Joco-Senous Discourse, 1686, p.
9.
NAIGLET,
NAIL,
Naiglet -holes, the lace or eyelet holes in a boot front.

He
the tin or other tag on the ends of bootlaces.
to arrest, to take possession of, to steal. Also to strike " effectually, to stun. up wiv his nief an' naiVd him." " That nails her," said of a shot that has hit the mark.
NAILER,
settles
nailer
a sharp blow, an effectual stroke or repartee that " That's a an adversary in argument, a dilemma. for him." In this sense compare CLAGGER, CLANKER.
" With brickbats he got
many
a nailer."
Newcastle in an Uproar, 1821.
NAN, NANCY,
London
pride.
the Christian name Ann. Nancy See NANNY and NONE-SO-PRETTY.

glacialis,
pretty,
NANK,
the great northern diver, Colymbus
L.
NANNY,
the
name Ann.
The term
elderly females of that goat, a he-goat.
name.
is usually applied to Nanny-goat, a she-goat Billy;
NANNY,
bumbler.
or
CANNY-NANNY,
[N.],
a stingless
humble bee or
NANNY-HAMMER
NINNY-HAMMER,
a ninny.
NANNY-RING-TAIL,
the redstart, Ruticilla Called also Bella-ring-tail and red-tail.
Phoenicia, L.
NAPPE RN,
an apron.
Brockett.
493
NAPPY,
having a nap on or a frothy surface.

"
sneakers, nappy ale Shall waft us with delusive gale."
Applied to
ale.
Dry drams and
Tom
Whittell,
1
On Mr. Bowmer,
1815.
"
Spirits strong and nappy beer.' R. Gilchrist, Bold Archie Drownded, 1824. Allan's Tyneside Songs, 1891, p. 181.
all in
" Their cares are
nappy drowned." T. Wilson, Pitman's Pay,
pt.
i.,
1826, v. 8.
NAR
[N.], near. side. Nar'd, near
The
it.
nar side in driving, the " Aa wis gye nar'd there."
left
or near
NARKT,
NARR,
annoyed.
"
He
wis very narkt at what he say'd."
to snarl, to find fault in a growling
manner.
" She'll
be aye narv-navrin at him."
NARRA,
narra as a drink
" He's as applied to very thin people. waitor." Narrin, narrowing, reducing the width in knitting. Narrish, somewhat narrow.
narrow
o'
NARROW-BORD,
in a pit, an excavation of the same length as a wide board, but driven two yards wide. G. C. Greenwell, Glossary of Coal Trade, 1888.
NARROW-WORK,
excavations, varying from six to ten feet wide, for which so much per yard is paid in addition to the score (hewing) price. Narrow places are driven for the purpose of ventilation or for passages. W. E. Nicholson, Glossary of Coal Trade Terms, 1888.
"
NASH, NAISH,
powdery.
Hard
tender, like coal when it hard or soft. or nesshe"

of
is soft,
crumbly,
NATE,
to use, to
make use
Northumberland.
Halliwell.
ti
NATH,
the nave of a wheel.
"
Byeth wheels cam
bits
an'
nath, spyeks, an' fellies wis aall lyin' iv a heap.
Compare NAF.
NATTER,
He's a
continuously.
to talk or gossip in an- unfriendly " " What are ye nattrin on at ?
way;
to scold
NATTERIN, NATTERY, " "

natterin
body."
peevish, ill-tempered in speech. nesty, nattery aad chep."
NATTLE,
to make a noise like that of a mouse gnawing a "What are ye nattlin there?" what board. Hodgson MS. In a pit, nattle is a are you clattering or knocking together ? " fizzelin." crackling noise made in a creep, louder than a See FISSEL.
494
gravelly ground.
NATTLEY-GROUND, NATTLING STONES,
Brocket.
Brocket*.
polishing stones.
NAUP, to beat, to strike. Brocket*. NAYSAY, a refusal. " He waddent NEAF, the fist. See NEIF.
NEAP,
be said naysay."
new. " She's gi'en us some claes an' thor quite neap as good as new. See the expression nip for new, under NIP,
"
2.
NEAR (a near), a kidney. NEAVES (pi. ofneif), hands.

NEB,
the bill of a bird, a nose, a prominent headland, a point " " Wet the nose take a drink of a thing (nib). yor neb The supposed to enter the pot in the process. being prominent feature often gives a name to the entire face.
;
"
Ugly neb"
ugly face.
1
"Cock yor
"
neb"
hold up your
D. D. Dixon,
face.
" Half-an-inch afront o their beut nebs Shrovetide Customs at Rothbury. p. 5.
(boot points).
NEB,
impudent way.
"
to put one's nose into a discourse or argument in an " He com nebbin up, as if he hed ony business " The wi'd." jackanyeps nebbed alangside." Hence nebby or nebsy, having a sharp, impertinent, and ill-natured manner.
clarty, nebsy
body."
"
NECK,
aa' !"
forwardness, impudence. A cant term.
What
fire at
a neck ye hev efter
NECK, NECK,
the part of a blacksmith's the blast.

to catch, to steal.
"
the end opposite to
And devil a thing cud be left on the deck, But Geordy, as sure as a gun, wad it neck."
Geordy's Disaster.
Allan's Collection, 1863, p. 165.
NECK-CURCHOR,
'
NECKERCHOR,
NECKATEE,
neck-kerchief.
See CURCHOR.
NED-CAKE, KNED-CAKE,
SlNGIN-HINNY.
cake kneaded with butter, See dripping, or lard, and generally baked on the girdle.
NEDDER,
an adder.
See NETHER,
i.
495
NEDDIN, KNEDDIN,
making
pastry.
butter, dripping, lard, etc., used in
NEDDY,
an eddy.
Compare NEDDER.
needful. said of a
NEEDFA, NEEDFU,
(Northumberland saw)
slattern.
"Not
nice,
man who
but needfa" has married a
NEED-FIRE,
fire obtained by rubbing two pieces of dry wood Called also forced-fire. It was formerly raised in together. one village and hurriedly carried on from village to village in the district, each kindling their flame from the other. The practice continued in use near the middle of this century.
"
When
the murrain broke out
among
the cattle, about eighteen years
ago, this fire and carried
was produced by rubbing two pieces of dry wood together, from place to place all through the district, as a charm against cattle taking it. A fire was kindled, and the cattle driven into the smoke, and they were kept there for some time. Many farmers in this part of the country, I am informed, had the 'need-fire.''" The Rev.
F. Bigge, Transactions of Tyneside Naturalists' Field Club, 1860-62, vol.
1
J.
v.,
p. 94.
"To work as though one was working for 'need-fire, is a common proverb in the North of England." M. A. Denham, Folk Lore, p. 5.
NEEDLER,
Brocket*.
keen,
active,
thrifty
personâ niggard.
NEEF,
NEEP,
the
fist.
See NEIF.
a turnip.
Compare BAGIE.
" I'm ay sae thrang, hoeing neeps and minding cattle." Poems, T. Donaldson, Glanton, 1809, p. 162.
Wi
NEEP-SHAW,
"
a turnip top.
James Armstrong,
neep-shaw, or docken, or aucht that is green.'* Another Sang, 1872.
NE'ER-DI-WEEL,
a never-do-well, a scapegrace.
NEEST, NEIST,
to take
"
it
take anything " on an empty stomach.

next.
To
neest
the heart
"
is
Tyek the physic

"
neest
the heart
i'
the mornin."
Dr. Embleton
MS.
And
there's ne
knawin what
neist they'll de,
Folks are
now
a' se cliver."
T. Wilson, Captains and
the Quayside, 1843.
NEET-COAL,
a coal put on at night
to.
keep the
fire
burning.
See GETHERIN-COAL.
496
nightfold, a fold for cattle, etc., to rest in at night-
NEETFAD,
time.
NEEZE,
to sneeze. "Thor's somebody neezin heavy." "Aa've " neezed three times even runnin." Houts, he's elways neezin." " His flash forth light." Job 41, v. 18, revised version.
neesings
" The whole quire hold their hips and laffe And waxen in their mirth, and neeze and swear."
;
Midsummer Night's Dream, act
ii.,
sc. i.
NEGLET,
the tag on a lace.
See NAIGLET.
a
NEIBOR-RAA,
Where seated near together. friends are sitting together one is asked to join " Come into neibor-raa." invitation,
party of
them by the
NEIF, NIEF, NEEF,

" Gethered wi' the
"
NEEVE
A
wiv his double-;^/

By my
faicks
"
!
nief."
[N.] (pi. neaves), the hand. " hit us double-nief, a fist.
He
(closed hand).
it's
been built up by Adam's aun neaves." T. Thompson, d. 1816, Canny Newcastle.

" Give
me
your
neif,
Monsieur Mustard-Seed." Midsummer Night's Dream,
iv., i.
NEIF-FUL,
a
handful,
NEAF-FU,
as
NEEF-FOW, NEFFU
be
grasped
in
[N.],
much
.as can
one
hand.
A "gowpen" is a measure made by placing both hands together with the palms held upward like a scoop, and is contrasted with a nief-fid. " He tyuk a neaf-fu oot, an' thowt " clarts (mud). aa didn't see him." " A nief-ful o' glar " Here's Wheat-meal and Sewet, we'll have a Poak-Pudding. Put a neef-fow of Prunes in't, an' make it a geud ane."
G. Stuart, Newcastle, Joco-Serious Discourse, 1686.
NELL-KNEED,
NENST,
"
knock-kneed.
over against.
See ANENST and FORNENST.
The cash was paid nenst his year's rent." Brockett. " Then on we went, as nice as owse,
Till 'nenstau'd
Lizzy Moody's." T. Thompson, d. 1814, Jemmy Joneson's Whurry.

Allan's Tyneside Songs, 1891, p. 52.
NESS
the
(pi. nesses),
a nest.
"
If
We fun'
ye
fower
nesses
i'
the lonnin."
NETHER,
nether' s
an adder. " deun for."
fetch't a
switch ower the back
497
NETHER,
lower.
In
common
use colloquially, and frequent

etc.
in place-names, as Nether
Witton,
NETHER
"
How
[N.] to blast and bite, as by frost or a bitter wind. the frost hes nethert the bagie-shaws (turnip tops)."
,
See ETHER.
NETHERIN
wund."
[N.], biting, blasting, shrivelling.
"A
netherin
See ETHERISH.
[N.],
ill-natured,
NETHERY
witheringly sarcastic,
;
Aa
dinna ken what
ails
wor maister
he's awfa nethery."
NET-STUCKEN,
NETTEET-ON,
netted
turnips.
stakes driven into the ground, on which nets are stretched to confine sheep to one part of a field.
" brick upon a
enclosed by nets. Applied to sheep when " (or break) in a crop of growing
NETTLE-BROTH, broth made from nettles.

is
Ale (nettle-beer)
In North Northumberland pigs are largely fed in summer on nettles and on the leaves of the common dock. On receiving a sting from a nettle a dock leaf is immediately rubbed on the part, and the cure is dockin effected by repeating rapidly the words, " Nettle oot
also
brewed from the
plant.
in."
NEUCLE-COW, NEUCLED-COW, NEWKELD-COW,

a
cow
that has
had a
calf within the year.
Bvockett.
NEUK, NYUK, NUICK, NUIK,
a nook, a corner, being The chimley netik, or either an interior or exterior angle. neuk simply, is the chimney corner. dike neuk, or waa neuk, is the nook of a fence or wall. In the working place of a pit the neuk is the angle made by the face of the coal and the side of the bord. The corner angle of a pillar of coal is also called the pillar neuk. The one is an interior and the other an exterior angle. Compare SNOOK.
"
Hidden ahint some awd wa'
nuik,
pt.
ii.,
Where
like a conjuror he'd sit."
1827, v. 45.
NEVEL,
a blow with the

"
fist.
He got
on the lug such a nevel, That down he came all his long length." H. Robson, Collier's Pay week.
"
lurden nevvil," a heavy or severe blow (Berwickshire).

lurden.
Jamieson,
under
498
freshly.
NEW,
The word
is
"New done up." "New painted." " He's " New new come" just come. layed" newly repaired with an added piece of material. "New sitten doon" just sitten fin' down. "New pairted" just parted. "Ye'll fin him roon the corner: him an' me's new pairted." New is spok en nee-oo.
and adverbially.
tub put over the head of a drunkard and worn like a garment. See DRUNKARD'S CLOAK. " The common drunkard was led through the town as a spectacle of
called a Newcastle Cloak, one end contempt, covered with a large barrel, being out, and the other having a hole through it of sufficient size to allow the offender's head to pass through, by which means the vessel M. A. Denham, Proverbial Folk Lore of rested on the shoulders."
constantly used in combination
NEWCASTLE CLOAK, a
Newcasth-upon-Tyne, 1855, p. 6.
NEWCASTLE HOSPITALITY
death "
;
that
is,
roasting a friend to
according to a more popular colloquial phrase, The saying, no doubt, killing a person with kindness." alludes to the ancient drinking customs of Newcastle and Northumberland customs now, happily, to a great extent, M. A. Denham, Folk Lore of Northumberland laid aside. Tract xii., No. 5, 1855, p. 77.
or,
,
NEWCASTLE ROADS,
RAILWAY.
railways, called long after their introduction by no other name than that of the " Newcastle T. John Taylor, Archeology of the Coal Trade. Roads." Memoirs Archaeological Institute, Newcastle, 1852, p. 150. See
" These early railways, known in other parts of the kingdom as the 'Newcastle Roads,' consisted of wooden rails about four inches square, Such was the first appearance (probably about 1660) laid upon sleepers. of those lines of railway which have subsequently, and by gradual steps, been improved into their present form, though still retaining the original name given to the wooden rail." Ibid, pp. 180-1.
NEWCASTLE'S WHITECOATS,
Newcastle's
Whitecoats,'.
'
a regiment raised by Sir Robert Clavering in the cause of Charles I. " These Border men, who formed part of the Loyal Duke of
'
army, were known wherever they went as Newcastle's from the colour of their jerkins." D. D, Dixon, Vale of
'
Whittingham, 1887, p. 34.
NEW-CHAPEL-FLOWER,
L.
the broom rape, Orobanche major, parasitic on broom. " so rare an herbe in It is Englande that I never saw it in all Englande, but in Northumberland, where it was called New Chapel Floured Turner,
Not unfrequent,
Herbal, 1548.
Sixteen localities enumerated.
Nat. Hist. Trans, of Northumberland and
Durham,
vol.
ii.,
1867, p. 220.
499
NEW-LAND-HAY,
clover hay. Hay from a new-sown pasture, as "old land hay" is hay from a permanent grass pasture.
NEWRIS-DAY, New
Year's Day.
NEW-UN,
a fresh, vigorous person. " And Peel, as drunk as he can stand. Reeling and dancing like a new-un."
T. Wilson, Pitman's Pay, pt. ii., v. 5. " But, man, they say she liked a drop, An' drunk gin like a new-un." J. P. Robson, Hamlick, Prince of Denton.
NIBS,
the two small handles which are fastened to the long handle, shaft, or sned of a scythe, and held by the mower at
work.
See SCYTHE.
well in health.
NICELY,
nicely"
"
Hoo
are ye thi day ?"
"
Oh, aa's
NICHOLAS'-DAY, ST. NICHOLAS' DAY, or BARRINOOT-DAY, the 6th of December, on which the schoolmaster
found the school door locked in his face and barricaded with forms to prevent his entrance until the scholars within obtained from him in writing a list of holidays for the ensuing The custom is almost obsolete. year.
" Scholars on St. Nicholas day used to elect three out of their number, one .of whom was to play the bishop, the others to act the part of deacons. The bishop was escorted by the rest of the boys in solemn procession to church, where, with his mitre on, he presided during the time of Divine worship." Brand, Popular Antiquities, 1777, p. 363.
Edward the First, in 1299, lodged at Heaton, and heard a boy-bishop saying the vespers of St. Nicholas before the king in his chapel at Heton near Newcastle-upon-Tyne." Wardrobe Accounts quoted in Boyle an I Knowles's Ve tiges of Old Newcastle and Gateshead, p. 136.
"
NICK,
slit, a groove, a gap, a very narrow a common practice to mark the ownership of a stick, etc., by a peculiar series of nicks cut on the surface, or " of a sheep by a "lug mark or nick in the ear. The small grooves on the periphery of the driving wheel of a spinning wheel and on the pirn are called nicks. Hence the proverbial
a notch, a niche, a
It is
fissure.
expression, which means steady and uninterrupted progress in life or work, when one is said to " Keep the wheelband i' " the nick. The great basaltic escarpment in South Tynedale appears like a huge ridge in which a regular succession of gaps have been made. From some aspects the points of the ridge stand up with the regularity of the teeth of a saw, and
4
50O
the depressions or gaps between the tooth-like points give the name to the phenomenon. The gaps are called nicks, and the
See ridge is called "the nine-w^s." " Along the line of the Roman Wall the outline is broken by gaps, which there appears an alternate locally called nicks, in the rock, succession of lofty cliffs, steep and rugged, with deep hollows between."
James Tate, History of Berwickshire
Naturalists' Club, vol. vi., p. 198.
NICKIN.
NICK,
nickin
to notch, to make a fissure, to cut a vertical niche or from roof to floor in the face of the working bord in a colliery. When a miner is going to make a jud or top in his bord in the whole (or hyel) he corves some coal out at the bottom of the seam and then nicks it up the side to make it ready for blasting or wedging. This is done to the depth of two or three feet.
.
NICKER, NICHER,
startling laughter.
the neigh of a horse;
immoderate or
" Then there wis sic a queer eiry nicher, as o* some hundreds o creatures laughin." Richardson, Table Book, Leg. div., vol. ii., p. 137. " And then he set up a great nicker." Newcastle Fair, October, 1811.
Bell's
Rhymes, p. 89.
NICKER, NICHER, "

and laugh,"
nicker
to neigh, to laugh hoarsely.
To
" nicker
and sneer," are common phrases applied to the act of laughing rudely and contemptuously. " Ye'll see how they'll nicker and torn up their tails."
T. Wilson, Stanzas,
"
etc., 1824.
The
keel bullies nick'rd, but on
Mally toddled."
Mally and the Prophet. Bards of the Tyne, p. 254.
R. Emery,
d. 1874,
NICKIN,
in coal mining, the vertical fissure worked by a hewer in the side, or neuk, of his working place after he has formed a kirvin along the bottom of the face. See NICK, 2.
NICK-NYEMS.
In former times many persons were known only by their nick-name (eke-name), and hence our local literature abounds in references such as Jimmy Leuk-up, Cuckoo Jack, Hairy Nanny, Billy-stole-the-dog, Cull Bill, Bobby the Bone-Picker, Humpy Dick, Black Scotch Peg, Tatie-Bet, Slush Tom Carr, Blind Willy, Daft Willy, Liverlip Bet, Preacher Willy, Squintin Meg, Oyster Mally, Pussey Willy, Lowsie Donald, Timber-toe John, Cuddy Willy, Honour Breet, Bed Watt, Kill-puddin-Joe, Tripy Atkin, Buggy Jack, Hairy Tom, Trimmel-leg Jack, GeordyBlack-Doup, Willy-with-the-war-hand, Tom-the-joy, Tommy-Tally, Geordy-the-Whanger, etc. The practice is by no means extinct, nor is it confined to low people.
5OI
NICK-STICK,
nick-stick
a stick on which nicks, or notches, were cut in This old-fashioned accountorder to keep a reckoning. " She has lost her keeping has not yet wholly died out.
"
is still an expression used her reckoning of time.

'
when
a person has lost
My mother relates how, in her young days, an illiterate steward, on a farm near Belford, kept the bondagers' days' works by means of a Note by Mr. J. Avery, November, 1891. nick-stick."
NICKY-NACK, a boy's guessing game.

NACK.
See NIEVY-NIEVY-NICK-
NIDGE,
to squeeze, to bite.
NIEVY-NIEVY-NICK-NACK,
(or nief) in
game
of guessing the
is
hand
which an
article is hid.
This game
sometimes
called niwmy-nimmy-nack-nack and nicky-nicky-nack-nack. coin or other small article is placed in the kef of one hand and passed behind the back. It may be changed into the other hand or not, and when the two hands are brought to the front
again the player repeats

"
Neevy, neevy, nick, nack, which wull ye tak ? The reet or the wrang aa'll gie y' it if aa can."
;
the guess be correct the nick-nack becomes the property of the successful player. Another version is
If
:
11
Nicky, nicky, nack, which hand de ye guess ? The reet or the left or the bonny bord's nes."
:
Yet another goes thus

"
Neavy, neavy, knick, knack, which hand will ye tak ? Tak the reet, tak the wrang; aa'll beguile ye if aa can."
;
NIFFNAFF,
at the job."
" He to trifle. to take finical pains niffnaffed on Hence a niffy-naffy body, a finikin person ; and niffnaffs, small, inconsequential things,
NIGGARTS,
side pieces of iron or firebrick used to contract the fire space in a fire grate.
NIGH, NIGH-HAND (adv.), nearly, just " It's nigh lossin me hat." nigh sixty 'ear
hand
about.
"
Aa
wis
" is often used in the same sense. wis nigh-hand " nivver com lossin his job." It also means near, as in nigh-hand us," "It's a lonesome pleyace ; not a hoose nighhand" To " gan through by the nighest " is to do anything in
sin syne."
He He
Nigh-
a hurried
11
and slovenly manner.

Brockett.
Nighest-about," the nearest way.
502
the nightjar, Caprimulgus Europceus.
NIGHT-HAWK,
Called
also the goatsucker.
NIGHT-SHIFT, men who

NIM,
NIM,
to take
relieve the day-shift in carrying on continuous work where shifts or relays are employed.
by
stealth, to filch.
New World
of Words, 1706.
lightly, gracefully. " The ladies they ride nim, nim, nim ; The gentlemen they ride trim, trim, trim The farmers they ride trot for trot An' the hinds they ride clot for clot But the cadgers they ride creels an' aa, creels an' aa." Old Nursery Rhyme.
;
;
;
NIMMEL,
thief. See NIM, i. (Obs.) " This Swindger at Saint Barthol's Fair Where aw the Nimmers do repair."
p. 59.
NINE-EYED EEL,
the sea-lamprey, Petromyzon marinus, L. Also the river-lamprey, P. fluviatilis, L.
NI-NI, an exclamation of surprise and pleasure on seeing a

very fine thing.
It is
mostly a children's word.
NIP,
in mining, the thinning out of a seam of coal where the also, the crush or squeeze deposit has become attenuated of coal pillars produced by a creep or by any severe pressure.
;
NIP, a pinch given to a person on his first appearance in a new suit of clothes. It is always followed by the exclamation " Nip for new !" Nip is also a small quantity of anything, as
a nip of cheese
between finger and thumb glassful. Compare NEAP.
a pinch of cheese, such as might be taken a nip of spirit a small wine;
NIP,
"
a hurried departure.
He
seun teuk his nip."
R. Thompson, Nanny's Advice, 1886.
NIP, to slip away suddenly, to go off hurriedly. "Just nip away afore he sees you." To take up suddenly or quickly. " He nipped up his crowdy in a jiffy."
NIP-CHEESE,
a stingy person. Probably from the act of nipping or abruptly removing the cheese from the table before the eaters have done, in order to economise the dish.
"Nip-cheese, a miserly person.
Various dialects
sometimes called a
Halliwell. nip-squeeze or a nip-farthing." "Nip-screed is identical." Brockett.
503
NIPPER,
NIPPY,
a super-excellent thing.
"
Thame
boots
is
a pair
o' nippers"
tight,
gi'
he canna
scrimp in fit, hence greedy. ye full weight."
" He's that nippy
NITHERED-UP,
the caad."
shrunk together.
"
" Aa's just nithered-up wi'
NITTY,
small, neat.
bit nitty bairn."
NOBBUT, NOBBIT "

Thor wis
nobbut
(adv.), only.
him
an'
me
" A&'snobbut badly thi day.'
there."
" Aa'd nobbut

Robert
left
him
a minute."
"Nobbit guess what's been rumored aboot."
Elliot,
A Pitman
gan
ti
Parliament. " Thou'll drive
me
For now aw's
daft, aw often dread, nobbit verra silly."
pt.
i.,
1826, v. 42.
NODDLE,
NOG,
" She'll noddle her head."
to nod, to shake as from old age. G. Stuart, Joco-Serious
a knob,
14
or
projection like
the stump of a
branch.
Compare SNAG. A tree

To
they cut, with fifteen nogs on each side, clim up the wa' o' Newcastle toun."
Ballad, Jock o the Syde.
1
NOGS,
mines.
square bits of wood piled to support the roof of coal Bainbridge, Treatise on Law of Mines, 1856.
the
plant
se
NONE-SO-PRETTY,
umbrosa.
It is
London
pride,
Saxifvaga
spoken as nyen
pretty or
Nancy
pretty.
NONSKYEP,
a longing or hankering after change. Pitman's Pay. (Obs.) " This spreed o lare sets high and law, A nonshyep efter owse that's new."
1
Gloss, to
pt.
iii.,
1829, v. 87.
NOOB,
a knob. a
"
We want
a pair o' draars wi' china
mobs"
NOODLE,
yeomanry cavalry or infantry man.
" You're going to be a noodle bold valiant volunteer
You
blue
tail
bumbler, cock
J.
tail
tumbler,
Dare not go
to war."
B. Gilroy, The Noodle. Bards of the Tyne, 1849, p. 108. " For he wad be a noodle, a sowjer-like noodle, For he wad be a noodle, the greet slavering cull." E. Corvan. Allan's Tyneside Songs, 1891, p. 394.
504
NOOK.
On the Northumberland coast this word occurs in Nook, formerly written Blyth's Nook, and in Ebb's Nook, Blyth near Beadnel. These probably refer to the projecting beaklike headlands at these places. See NEUK and compare SNOOK.
to
NOOL,
"
benumb,
to subdue.
Embleton
Noo
give us sumthin' to nool this pain."

(adj.),
MS.
It is
NOOLED
subdued, broken-spirited, dazed.
applied
whose appearance indicates fear or over-anxiety. " The man's fair nooled like." " The poor bairn's fairly nooled; he hardly daur speak." It is also applied to an animal that has had its spirit broken by hard usage, or that has a cowed " A look through being conquered in fighting with its kind.
to a person
poor
nooled
dog."
" He's a nooled -leukiri beast."
In Scotland,
snooled is a similar
word.
See KNOOLED.
NOOPS, KNUPES,
"The
Streams
noops
o' the
the fruit of the cloudberry or mountain
bramble, Rubus chamcemoms,

grow
West.
in plenty
See KNOT-BERRY.
fell
round the
foxe's
den."
The same,
cloud
"I was up
berries."
in good time, and pulled a The same, Crossing the Cheviots.
fine lot of noops, or
"Noops, a. word equivalent to knobs or knops." Berwickshire Naturalists' Club, vol. vi., p. 303.
"
Simpson, History of
The little hills the humble knupes produce, Which cure the scurvy with their wholesome juice."
"
Where
It's
Cheviot, a poetical fragment, by R. W., 1712-14. red noops grow an' moss-roses blow, there the comely lassie strays." Jas. Armstrong, The Flower o' Kielder, 1879.
NOPE,
NOR,
"
ch.
to beat.
than.
nor his sel." G. Stuart, Joco-Serious Discourse, 1686, p. 6. " Far nicer nor wine." J. P. Robson, d. 1870, Sang o Solomon,
1
Warre
i.,
v. 2.
"
Aw
heard ne mair
frae St. Nicholas's steeple." Thos. Thompson, d. 1816,
Nor aw could
Canny Newcastle.
NORRATION, a long and confused noise, a wordy disturbance. " Whee's myekin all that narration, aa wonder ?" " Aa hard a greet norration, an' sure eneuf the place was aa' afire." It also means a long yarn or discourse. "A Cockney chep showed me the Thames' druvy feace, Whilk he said was the pride o' the nation, And thought at their shippin' aw'd maek a haze gaze, But aw whop't ma foot on his novation."
T. Thompson, Canny Newcastle.
Allan's Tyneside Songs, p. 48.
505
NORRID, NORRIT,
northward
sea term.
See NOTHARD.
NORTHERN GAD, a spear. (Obs.) See GAD. NORTHUMBERLAND PIPES, the small pipes,
peculiar to the county of Northumberland. They are played with a pair " in the right arm. There of bellows, which are " oxtered were formerly four, but are now three drones and a chanter. In the three-drone pipe the largest and smallest drones are tuned in octave, whilst the intermediate drone is tuned in fifth above the lowest drone they thus sound the notes G, D,'G, or their equivalents. The chanter is closed at the end; and, in playing, each hole is covered except the one which sounds; the lifted finger has consequently to be put down and another fing'er raised, in order to produce the hence the staccato effect which gives a succeeding note In A Joco-Serious peculiar, character to the pipe tunes. Discourse, 1686, pp. 23-24, the following technical terms " The chanter, the baggs, relating to the pipes are mentioned the bellows, the flaps, the reeds, the drones, the wind-fald, the bellows'-stockead, the joints, the bunch of ribbons on " The the drones." The writer adds piper at a wedding has a piece of the bride's garter ty'd about his pipes." always
; ;
:
NORTHUMBERLAND'S ARMS.
North-Country
provincialism, Lord Northumberland's Arms, has for the last two hundred years been synonymous with a black eye. may doubt whether the notion arose in the black and red which filled the spectacles-like badge of Percy or in the
We
fusils.
Old Heraldry of the

iv.,
Percies.
Longstaffe, in Archaologia
/Eliana, vol.
new
series, p. 164.
NOSE,
In Mr. a promontory. Culler Nose, near Craster. Gregory's list, the form ness, in this connection, appears only once (Sharpness Point) in Northumberland. Compare NOOK and SNOOK.
the part of a work-horse's bridle that passes over the nose above the bits. A riding or carriage horse has*
NOSEPIKE,
no
nosepike.
NOSE-TIRRELS,
"Blowen
"
into the nose thrilles that

6.
the nostrils, the perforations of the nose. it may make a man sneeze."
Earth MS., 286,

Note by Mr.
Nose-tirrel, in
very
common
use with a deep accent on the
tirrel."
M. H. Dand.
pryingly acute.
Brocket*.
NOSE-WISE,
506
(pron. not-able), honest.
NOTABLE
" She's a notable
woman."
NOTOMY, ATOMY,
!
an emaciated or excessively thin person, a skeleton. " " Poor that is, a complete She's gyen tiv a fair notomy thing or skeleton. Dr. Embhton MS. anatomy
but
oxen, neat cattle. Nout is both singular and a single animal is spoken of it is not to say " a nout beast."
NOUT, NOWT,
plural
;
when
uncommon
" The street " " that is called the M>/-market." Lease, (in Newcastle) Richard Welford's History of Newcastle and Gateshead XIV. and XV.
Centuries, p. 360.
"When
1565"
stale the nowt
the theves of Tyndaill perceved the Scotts were at rest, they from the Scotts." Heron of Chipchase to Sir John Forster,
for the fair
p. 199.
They separate
iii.,
heed they can

Leg. Div., vol.
git for their
(Ovingham), there to ettle how muckle per nowte an swine." Richardson, Table Book,
NOUT-FOOT, a neat's foot. A boiled nout-foot is a common

trotters
Nout-foot
oil.
accompaniment
Nout-foot jilly. to the sheep's
and the minch-meat of the
tripe-wife's stall.
NOUT-GELD,
tax.
horn tax. Nout, a beast, and geld a tribute or " " In old rentals " cornage is translated newtgeldt." Mackenzie, Hist, of Northumberland, vol. i., p. 61, note. See
a neat herd.
CORNAGE.
NOUT-HARD,
" Paid to
Mr. Marmaduke Thirlekill for the half yeares rent for the nowtardshipp of this towne, duee att Candlemas laste paste, 26s. 8d." Newcastle Municipal Accounts, March, 1592.
Will of Marmaduke Thirkild, Esq., 6 Feb., 1595, " his office of keeper of beasts, called the Nowtershipp of the town of Newcastle-upon-Tyne." Archcsologia JEliana, vol. i., N.S., p. 32.
NOWT, NOWSE,
used
;
nothing. Nowt and nowse are indifferently so are the similar forms of owt and owse, anything.
so nowse he
"
"Aw
was leukin
at."
Thomas Bewick, The Howdy,
ed. 1850, p. 10.
A man may
spare, and be always bare, be nowt, if his wile be nowt. But a man may spend, and a man may lend, If his wife be owt, if his wife be owt."
If his wife
Old Northumberland Saw.

" Ise help thou to tie up thy sugar, At neets when frae wark aw get lowse An' wor Dick, that leeves ower by High Whickham, He'll myek us broom buzzoms for nowse."
;
W. Mid ford,
Pitman's Courtship, 1818.
507
Nout-at-o,
NOWT-A-DO,
nothing at
all.
a useless, good-for-nothing fellow.
Compare DONNAT.
by the nose.
James Armstrong, Wee
Halliwell.
Piper, 1879.
NOZZLE,
"
to seize
He
nozzVt a rabbit or twa."
NUCH, to tremble Northumberland. NUENTY, NUNTY, mean, shabby,
scrimp, scanty.
Brockett.
NUMBED,
numbed
woman
unhandy, clumsy. "

she
is
!
Applied to persons,
"What
NUMBY, NUMMY, NUMERALS. The

twa), three, fower,
iliven,
a numskull.
cardinal
five,
"Co'by! ye numby."
aight
nine,
ten,
numbers are yen, twee (tway,

sivin,
(eit),
six,
twoalve and twal, thorteen, fowerteen, yenan'twenty, etc. The ordinal numbers are
fift,
etc.,
thord, fowert,
forst, sixt. sivint (or seevent), eith, nint (neint),
twenty, second,
tent, ilivent, twelt, thorteent, fowerteent, twonteit.
NUNDER,
NUT-BUSS,
under;
shortened form of anundev.
"It's nunder
the tyeble."
a hazel bush.
Nut-tree, the hazel tree.
NUT-CRACK-NEET,
The anxious
the eve of All-Hallows, October 3 ist. lover on this night places two nuts side by side in the fire. One is his or her own representative, and the other that of the loved one. If the two burn quietly together, the augury of a happy wedded life is inferred. If, on the contrary, the nuts crack and fly apart, it omens ill for the future of the couple. Snack-apple and duck-apple also accompany the diversions of this evening.
the Christian
NUTTY,
name
Ursula.
OAD-FARRANT
"
ed. 1850, p. 14.
[W.-T.]
old-fashioned.
See AAD-FARRAND.
Sheed seen a vast o' the Betty Kell was the wisest body there. warld, and is an oad farmnt body." Thomas Bewick, The Upgetting,
OARS,
man."
a cant term for the arms.
"
Drop swingin yor

called
oars,
OAST,
fresh curdle for cheese,
and so
when
it
begins to
scum over the whey.
508
to frequent
OAST,
Brockett.
an inn as, " OAST-HOOSE. See

;
He
oasts at
the Half Moon."
OASTE,
to
the
name
given to the mariner or stranger
who came
of coal, etc., were the Incorporated Company of Hoastmen, and their clients or The " seal of the fraternity of the customers were oastes. " Ostmen of the town of Newcastle-upon-Tyne represents an The oaste advancing, hat in hand, to meet the coal merchant. Hoastman extends his right hand to grasp that of the oaste, with the salutation " Welcome, my oste" (Obs.)
buy coals
at Newcastle.
The vendors
" It appears from the earliest entries in the books of this society (the Merchant Adventurers), that the stranger arriving at the port of Tyne to " Brand, History of Newcastle, vol. ii., buy coals is called 'the oaste'
1789, p. 270, note.
OAST-HOOSE,
the room for goods attached to the inn at the The oast-hoose is at market town where a farmer puts up. once a meeting place, a receptacle for goods and parcels of every description, and a convenient waiting-room for any passengers who may have to accompany the farmer's return carts or conveyance from market.
OAT-SEED-BIRD,
See YET-SEED-BORD.
Ray's
wagtail.
Called yalla-wheag-tail.
OCKERIL,
little
cabin or resting place where the

his own seat heats.
for resting
men
at a
rolling mill
had each chance meals between
and eating
OCKET,
work.
if it
a chance meal taken in the field or between spells of This word is commonly called an ocket but spoken as were a knocket.
ODD-LADDY,
a boy kept on farms to do odd (that is, The occasional) jobs, such as carting turnips, manure, etc. horse he drives is called the o^-horse his cart the o^-cart, etc. This boy is frequently known as the turnip Dicky.
;
ODDLIKE, ODDISHLIKE,
hes an
oddlike
leuk gan
i'
odd-looking. the field her lyen.

;
" Th' aad meer
ODDMENTS, odds
11
and ends
applied also to the sundry edible
portions of a goose or a pig.
The
odments, tee, beat boil or fry,

pt.
ii.,
Provided geussy be a good'en." T. Wilson, Pitman's Pay,
1827, v. 28.
509
O'ERHIE,
to overtake.
"
By
auld grey
stell
and mossy
stane,
Scottish Lassie, 1879.
There
I o'erhi o'erhied
the Scottish
lassie.'
OFF,
Compare ON
used in the sense of from. " Aa'l borrow'd 0/ye." Often " The hat blew duplicated with of as off-of. off-of his heed."
ov.
exit.
OFF-GATE,
"
an
Several truncks and coale staithes, with on-gates and of-gates to and from the sand which adjoins on to the said waggon- way." Article of Agreement, 2oth March, 1704, between Richard Young, of Newcastle, and John
Atkinson, of Cullercoats,
etc.
OFF-HAND, "
p. 58.
instantly. G. Stuart, Joco-Serious Discourse, 1686,
Off-hand I ran into the town."
OFFHANDS, OFFHANDMEN, OFF-HANDED-MEN,
term applied to all colliery workmen, except hewers and W. E. Nicholson, Gloss, of Coal Trade Terms, 1888. putters.
OFFINS,
"
often. Compare OFTER. Braying cuddies offins tells the comin spate an shooer." Maa Gud Wishes tiv aa Men, 1870.
J.
P. Robson,
OFF-PUT,
o'
" Ye'r jeest an off-put delay, one that puts off time. Also a snatch or hasty meal, as a lunch, an time, laddy." " ocket," or an intermediate "put off" meal. Offputtin, " He's varry off putting off, procrastinating, dallying. puttin."
the loader of coals into a vessel at a staith or spout. The agent of a colliery at the shipping quay, called the staithman or off-putter. " In order that the keels used on the River Tyne may be fairly and
justly loaded, no person shall be capable of acting as off-putter or off-putters at any coal staith upon the said river until he shall have taken and subscribed an oath to the effect following I, A. B., do swear, That I will faithfully and according to the best of my skill, knowledge and judgment, execute and perform the duty of off-putter at the staith of " River Tyne Skippers' andKeelman's Act, 1788. &c.'
'
OFFPUTTER,
OFF-SIDE,
animal.
the far or right
hand
side of a horse or other
OFFTAKE,
"
a place for taking rods off in deep borings.

fathoms for offtake"
Boring
at Callerton.
Sunk
to 15
Borings and
Sinkings, C.E., p. 3.
OFF-TAKE,
a deduction from a workman's wage.
OFFTAKE-DRIFT,
shaft, called a delivery or offtake drift.
a drift driven from low ground into a Green-well, Gloss, of Coal Trade Terms, 1888.
OFFTAKE-JOINT,
1852.
the joint by which the pump bucket is fastened to the spears or rods. Mining Gloss. Newcastle Terms,
OFTER,
This
is
oftener.
"
He
gans
ofter ti
the public nor's good."
the
common form
in use.
OGLE,
"
the eye.
cant word.
Chorus, this time to mark our disapprobation of the pugnacious fishermen for closin' the ogle o* the unfortunate monkey." E. Corvan, Fishermen Hung the Monkey.
OH
[W.-T.]
on.
" Sit doon, Andra, oh the trou steahyn." etc., ed. 1850, p. 10.
OILING-THE-WIG,
(Obs.)
"
a cant term for drinking to intoxication.

wigs an oilin'." T. Wilson, Carter's Well.
oil'd
We gi'e wor
His wig was
"
completely." T. Wilson, The Oiling of Dicky's Wig.
OILY, an
linseed
oilskin coat,
Oilskins,
oil.
made of material waterproofed with the entire suit the coat and trousers
;
complete.
OLD-LAND-HAY, " "

been
hained
hay from a permanent pasture which has
for the crop.
OLD-MAN,
and metalliferous mines.
ancient workings, which are met with in collieries
See AAD-MAN.
Plentiful in the natural forests of
OLLER,
the alder tree.
Northumberland where it was used for the small buildings of the husbandmen in olden times. It is the Alnus glutinosa of Linnaeus, and is found growing in some North of England parts as high as 1,150 feet above the sea. See ALLER, ALLERS, ELLER.
" The wood is preferred for making the soles of the clogs in common use by the hinds of Northumberland and fl//^-burs or knots the turner makes into snuff boxes." Johnston, the Eastern Borders, p. 179. Botany of
;
51!
ON
(prep.), of.
"
"What
"
are ye fear'd on ?"

on us is gannin."
nor fower on us."

They wade
11
Some
" Thor wis mair In constant use.
beggar speaks), 1564.
thinke ne shame on me." Bullein, Dialogue (Redesdale E. E. Text Society, p. 6, 1. 31.

I spoke on." G. Stuart, Joco-Serious Discourse, 1686, p. 45.
The gentleman whilk
"
We called in at the sign o' The Cannon, For byeth on us turned very dry."
Song, The
Politicians, 1816.
ON, busy, engaged in. " He's on plooin." " The maistor's on win a big job yenoo."
" He's on threshin."
ON COME,
"
He
gat
away
anything that comes on, as a fall of rain, snow, afore the oncome catcht him."
etc.
ONCUD,
ON-END,
in the
dumps,
in a passion.
Compare UNKED.
in succession, successively.
ON-GATE,
Brocket*.
the road or
way on
to a place.
See OFFGATE.
goings
on.
-.
ON-GOINGS,
ON-OV, ON-IV,
conduct,
doings,
merriment
as an intensitive, resembles the Other prepositions usage off-of for from off or of simply. " He went are in like manner duplicated, as " In iv a hurry." " win iv for with. " It wis gi'en him aboot win iv a queer hat " " He bin iv for by. bin iv a cadger chep got it fren iv an
on.
ov,
On
aad acquaintance fren iv for from, etc. But this lengthened form is comparatively rarer than the shortened particles iv, wiv, biv, frev, tiv, etc., for the usage of which see under their
several heads.
"
"
Compare ONTA.
ov his
Andra weypt his nwoase on The Howdy, ed 1850, p. 10.
kwoat
kuff."
Thomas Bewick,
ON-PUT,
"
on-put of the hill on-put seam of coal.
The
the overlay of beds, etc., above an out-crop. Thus, " An of the beds." and " The
on-put
ONSET,
a small portion of yeast retained to furnish a fresh fermentation.

to
set
ONSET,
on,
to place a colliery
tub in position for
hoisting.
512
ON SETTER,
the man in control at the bottom or at an intermediate working seam in a pit shaft. With his assistants he clears the cage of empty tubs on its descent, and pushes
is responsible for signals to in full tubs in their place. bank to move the cage, and for regulating the ascent of men. corves were in use he was called the "hinger on."
He
When
See HING-ON.
ONSTEED,
onsteed is
a steading or group of farm buildings. The the group of on-buildings used as stables, hemmels, The dwelling itself is byres, granary, barn, milkus, etc. " in North called in South Northumberland " the hoose
;
Northumberland "the
ha'."
" The farms in Northumberland are of considerable extent, and the farm-houses (or onsteads, as they are called) are scattered over the face of the country at the distance frequently of two or three miles from each In these onsteads the farmer other, and from the villages and towns. resides like the feudal barons of old, surrounded by their vassals and dependents." Mackenzie, History of Northumberland, 1825, vol. ii., p. 52.
ON'T,
literally of it, but constantly used in Northumberland for the personal pronoun its. In speaking of a horse, instead of its head, its foot, its shoulder, or its tail, the expression is " The heed on't, the foot on't, the shoother on't, the tail on't."
:
ONTA, ONTI V,
on to, upon. '" Get onta the cuddy." " Bang " onta the horse an' ride for the doctor." gat through the " roof ontiv a ontiv a
He
"
ledge."
in
He
stept
coggly plank."
ONY-GATE,
ony-gate."
any way,
in
any place.
Aa canna
find
it
OOBIT
clarty oobit
the hairy caterpillar Also a hairy worm. [N.] as hairy Hubert and ooly-bear. Oobit is also a term of " Get reproach to " an unkempt, ragged person. away, ye
,
known
OOL, OO
Wooler
is
[N.]
known
wool OOLEN [N.] in speech as Ooler.

; ,
woollen.
The town
See OOBIT.
of
OOLY-BEAR
OOSE, juice.
"
[N.]
the large hairy caterpillar.
Two whole
The
oose
fat
beeves are barbecu'd,

there,
So go and cram your gorges Your mouths will water at the
sight
your unshaved chops run down." The Newcastle Swineherds' Proclamation, 1821.
513
OOSLY, OUSLEY, OOZELY, "
miserable, broken-down, poorHe's a little ousley leukin' chep." Applied to an looking. animal that is ill-thriven and unkempt. " It's an oosly beast " (spoken as a, noosely beast).
" Afore aa hed to blurt out, to draw or bring out. time " oots wiv his knife, an' cut the speak he oots wi'd."
OOT,
ti
He
rope."
OOTBYE, OOTBYESIDE
a pit.
exit,
towards the bottom of the shaft of
in the direction of the as distinguished from " gan' inbye" Ootbye also means fether's just ootbye" outoutside, in the open air. " side the house, in the fields. " The lads is aal away ootbye out of the village or farmstead, but not far off. In bye and oot If people speak of bye also distinguish between near and far. anything taking place near at hand, they say that it occurred in bye, and in speaking, say, of rough weather on the distant " It's varra caad oot It is also hills, they would say bye." " applied to an out-of-the-way man, as He's an oot bye kind o' chep." An oot-bye is also an outer room.
"Gan'
ootbye"
means going
"Me
" The cottage is a good specimen of an inferior farm house, the room at the entrance of which was, and still continues in many places to be, a byer in winter and a bedroom in summer, and is called the out-bye : the in-bye, or inner room, to the left of the out-door, was the dwelling of the
family."
Hodgson's History of Northumberland,
pt.
ii.,
vol.
i.,
p. 189, note.
OOT-GANNIN,
outgoing.
foreign.
'
OOTLANDISH,
"
is signified an inhabitant of that portion of the Border which was formerly known by the name of the Debateable Land,' a district which, though claimed by both England and Scotland, could not be said to belong to either country. The people on each side of the Border applied the term Outlandish to the Debateable residents." Dr. Bruce, Note to The Outlandish Knight. Northumbrian Minstrelsy,
By
the term outlandish
'
'
p. 50.
"
The The
'
Appetite,'
Geordy
Smash, dis thou hear that
verry ootlandish cull
forgat." R. Gilchrist, The Skipper's Erudition, 1824.
nyem we
OOTLANDISHMAN,
"
a foreigner, a stranger.
They'll see mountey banks, rope-dancers, jugglers, and quacks, Outlandishmen, tee, with their bear and their fiddle, And showmen wi' nice penny-shows o' their backs, Gawn the fuils and the flats i' Newcassel to diddle." T. Wilson, Stanzas on a Line of Intended Road, 1825.
OOT-O-GYET,
tyen his nip
out of the road,

oot-o-gyet
away from mortal
ken.
" He's
away
someway."
514
OOT-ON,
out of. " Thor wis oney three gude yows oot on the Oot on is generally spoken rapidly as if it were one lot." " He had nee word. " He mun be gyen oot-on his heed." he wis clean oot on't." chance,
across, beyond, or,
OOT-OWER,
Brocket*.
on the other side of a
hill.
OOTRUG,
wash
the back undercurrent of the sea caused by the waves against the shore. A floating object is often kept off the shore by the ootrug.
of the
OOTSHOT,
houses
;
the projection of the stories of old timber-framed " An ootshot-wunda " a bow-window. projecting.
OOTWALINS, OOTWAILINS,
OPEN-GRATED,
sandstone.
"
the refuse or small of anyIn a heap of thing waled out and separated from the bulk. potatoes the small ones picked out are the ootwailins.
open-gritted or open-grained.
Borings and Sinkings, L.R., 282.
Applied to
Open-grated post."
OPPEN-CAST, OPENCAST,
worked
at the top or
veins or beds of stone or coal bottom of an open cutting.

Oppened-oot,
OPPEN-OOT,
OR,
to abuse, to reprimand. the natural disposition.
showing
" Or ivver " It'll be before, ere. lang or aa gan agyen." " Aa " He'd aa wis awar." or aa gat there." gyen away canna be there or Monday neet." " Wait or aa come."
OR,
than.
"
Aa wad
raather thoo went or me."
OTHER-SOME,
" It
others.
at
In constant use for some

good Christmastide,
were lairds."
other some find fault."
others.
When we
And
"
happened
play'd at the cards,
That some of us were gentlemen,

other some
Some
drink, and
E. Chicken, The
Collier's
Wedding, 1835.
OTHER TOW TO TEAZE,

teaze,
something
else to do.
Tow
to
employment
we
of
any kind.
to feeze."
" I thought
'ad other tow
G. Stuart, Joco-Serious Discourse

sae far fra hame."
1686, p. 31. " Ye should
na hae
sic tow to tease
T. Wilson,
On
Seeing a Mouse, 1842.
515
OUBIT,
the hairy worm.
See OOBIT.
OUSEN,
oxen. Ousen were used in ploughing in Northumberland in living memory. " The author and his brother, in partnership, at this time (1801) employ
about 150 oxen in the draught." George Culley, Live Stock, " I have yokes of onsen, eighty and three."
Ballad, Jock
o' the
p. 85.
Side, 1784.
OUT,
spoken invariably as OOT, etc.
oot in
the following words.
Compare
OUTBURST, "
Coming
the edge of a stratum at its crop or crow. See OUTCROP. to the outburst." " There is an Outburst or an appearance above ground of some vein of coal." J.C., The Comphat Collier, 1708, p. 10. " The main coal as traced from its outburst to the dyke." Borings and
Sinkings, C.E.. p. 101.
OUTBURST,
OUTBYE.
the sudden discharge of a large volume of inflammable gas in a coal mine.
See OOTBYE.
;
OUTCROP,
the crop.
the edge of a stratum at the surface that is, at This localism is now a recognised scientific term. Compare OUTBURST-, i, and BASSET.
OUTED,
known.
sea
it is
came
out.
"It suin outed"
became commonly
OUTERLY,
OUTLAY,
from without. termed outerly.
When
the wind blows from the
the height to which the top of a winning pit is raised above the surface of the ground. Commonly called the outset. It is elevated so as to make a tip for the material raised from the pit, generally from twelve to twenty feet. " Outlay from the swarth five feet, metal from the swarth four feet."
Borings and Sinkings, C.E., p. 79.
OUT-OF-THE-HOUSE,
engine.
the
down
stroke of a pit
pumping
OUT-PARTNERS, OUT-PARTERS,
Riddesdale in Scotland
Cattel,
[sic]
a sort of thieves about that ride about to fetch in such

;
or other things as they can light on

for
and make
Matches
robbing of
Men and
of Words, 1696, ed. 1706. "Thieves and felons, called intakers and out-partners, dwelling within the franchise of Redesdale, where the king's writs runneth not."
Complaint, A.D. 1421.
Houses. The Modeme World See INTAKERS. (Obs.)

vol.
p. 60.
Hodgson, pt.
ii.,
i.,
516
OUTPUT,
the quantity or weight of anything produced in a given time.

a going forth, an expedition.
(Obs.)
OUTRAKE,
"
Compare
RAKE and TRAIK.

The
enclosure surrounding a piggery."
11
Brockett.
have now in Lough-leven been The most part of these years three, Yet have I never had noe outrake, Ne no good games that I cold see." Percy Reliques, Northumberland Betrayed by Douglas.
1
OUTSET,
measured from the surface of the ground. See OUTLAY. outlay.

" From the outset to the soil depth one fathom." F.K., p. 252.
"
Outset,
the height of the elevation at the mouth of pit Called also the
Borings and Sinkings,
clay."
one fathom and two
feet to
brown and blue
The same,
p. 147.
OUTSET,
to outset water is to put in a column of tubbing, behind which a feeder of water will rise to its level, and Greenwell's Gloss, of Coal require no further dealing with.
Trade Terms, 1888.

" Outset crib
two
feet."
Sinking at Cowpen.
C.E., p. 140.
OUTSHIFTS,
shafts, for
which a
in mining, shifts worked by sinkers outside the less wage is paid. Nicholson.
OUTSTROKE-RENT,
a payment for the privilege of breaking the barrier in a colliery, and working and conveying underground the coal from an adjoining royalty. Gloss, of Coal Trade Terms, 1849, under rent. Instroke is the passing out of a working royalty into another royalty. Outstroke is the act as regarded by the lessor of the entered royalty.
OVER.
Always spoken as
ower.
The words
following which
begin with over must be so understood. following words.
See
OWER and
OVERCAST,
OVERGATE.
an
arrangement
applied to an air-crossing in a
pit.
carried overhead, specially Called also overgate. See
OVERGATE,
course
is
an air-way overhead in a pit. where one airWhen an by a bridge over another. air-crossing is made in the floor it is called an undergate or
carried
undercast.
517
OVERINGS,
of a
the top framing of a waggon.
OVERLAP, OVERLAP-FAULT,
seam
a fault where one portion
of coal has been pushed on top of the other.
OVERMAN,
a colliery official, under the direction of the or under-manager of a pit, having the daily supermanager vision and responsible charge underground of the mine or He is sometimes appointed to act as portion of the mine. under-manager. In his absence the responsible charge falls upon the back-overman, whose duties are similar to those above specified, and who in addition ascertains either that all the men and boys under his charge are safely out of the mine, or in case any of them must remain that they are left in charge of a responsible official.
OVERMAN-OF-THE-TREE,
collieries.
"
an official formerly known in (Obs.) One of these two men that guides the Sledges, on the Banck or
is
surface of the earth
man."
J. C.,
The Compleat
called the Overman of the Collier, 1708. p, 37.
tree,
or chief banck's
OVERSEA-LINNET,
OVERSET,
to a horse
fatigue.
ill
the snowflake, Plectrophanes Variously called snow bunting and cock 0' the north.
nivalis,
L.
from fatigue or hard work. Particularly applied which sickens and refuses its food from over-
Hodgson
to
MS.
in a pit up to or over the Gloss, of Coal Trade Terms, 1888.
OVERWIND,
pulleys,
W.
draw the cage
E. Nicholson,
OVERWORKINGS,
fixed as the standard to be annually
the excess beyond the quantity of coal worked from a royalty.

in
all
OWAYSEES
owaysees."
[W.-T.],
ways.
" Aa's tried
eet
iv
OWE, OU,
belongs, or
AA.
"
hankersher?"
"Whee's owe Whee's owe "
the hat?"
" Whee's aa the meaning whose is, to whom
who owns.
OWER, "
" He hes far ower much ti say for hissel." shoes is far ower little for us." " He gat there ower " Ower clivvor." " Ower " Ower suin." big." sharp." " Ower wise." " Ower mickle " Ower, owre, over (much). " Ower across. by" (with emphasis on the by) means just " Aa's across, as across the road or street and not far away. " owev by, anil be back thereckly." To u come ower just gan
too.
Them
518
mi
" Ye'll not come ower a person is to cozen or get the better of. "Come owev" used intransitively, means i' that way." 4< Aa laft to come to mind, to come into one's recollection. sic a joke it ti deed ivvery time it cam ower us agyen mysel
:
wes."
" Folks say he's not ower wise." E. Corvan, Fire on
" As
the Kee.
aw cum
owre the
Bwoat
hill."
etc.,
T. Bewick, The Howdy,
ed. 1850, p.
u.
OWERBEER,
sort o'
to overbear.
"
The
maistor's a varry owerbeerin
man."
overcharge, to overcharge. ye owerchairge hor."
[N.]
,
OWERCHAIRGE,
burst
if
" The gun
'11
OWERCOME
OWERCOUP,
owevcoupin't.
overplus, surplus.
to transfer grain from one bag to another. The act of inverting a bag so as to pour down its contents is called
OWERDYEN,
overdone, overcooked.
OWER EAT, to eat to surfeit, to
gorge with food. Rooks are said to be fattest when food is scarcest, as they " owereat " thorsels when they have too much food. The same is said of lean children who have a good stroke (appetite).
OWERFAA-WHEEL,
OWERGAFFEN,
sunshine
owergaffen.
it
an overshot water-wheel.
is
overcast, clouded. said " W'or ganna
Of an overcast sky after hae rain the day's a*

;
OWER-GATHIN,
An old farm steward made use fainting. of this expression on being bled in the arm by a doctor " Stop, aa'm ower-gatkin."
:
OWERHEED, "
The
lift
overhead
above one's head or over the head.

i'
owerkeed."
" Owerheed
watter."
OWERLOUP,
an overleap; applied to the intrusion trespass of cattle and to a sudden lapse in conduct.
the musical refrain of a melody.
and
OWERTUNE,
519
OWER-WORD,
of a song.
11
a phrase repeated over and over, the chorus

the ower-word o' the thrang Rise for Branksome readilie
"
!'
And aye
Was
"
'
Jamie
Telfer.
And first he sang a low, low note, And syne he sang a clear And aye the o'erword o' the sang
;
Was
'
Your love can no win here.' " The Gay Goss-Hawk.
OWMERS, OMUS,
dues, alms.
See AAMUS.
Gateshead, and both my salt-pans in Willington fields. To Henry, his Will of Oswald Chapman, son, the owmers after his mother's death." Richard Welford, History of Newcastle in XVI. Century, p. 407. 1566.
" Gives his wife his house, with cellar and parlour and packing loft, with back syd, garden, and orchard, with the rest of my houses in Newcastle, my wheitt rent in Gateshead, the owmers within the parish of
a newly-born infant is taken out on its first round of visits, customary at whatever house it calls to receive its omus, namely, bread, salt, and an egg." Wm. Lee, Northumbrian Customs. Newcastle Weekly Chronicle, Nov. igth, 1887, p. ii., col. 4.
it
"
When
is
OW'RANCE, command
or direction.
OWRELAP, a relapse. OWSE, OWT, anything. "

They nivver
"
i'
" If ye de owse mair ye'll spoil'd." " thor lives gal owse better." " Owse much considerable. The negation of owt is nowt and anything similarly owse and nowse are opposites for aught and naught.
Aw hardly ken'd what for to say But says aw, Div ye fin owse the warse ?"
;
W.
it
Midford, The Masquerade, 1818.
" Wi' hearts, poor things,
Ower
full
by
far owse
now was clear, much to say."

pt. in., 1829, v. 62.
OX-EYE,
the blue titmouse, Parus caruleus. and torn-tit. Ox-eye is also applied to the great titmouse, Parus major. Called also oxey-eye.
or
OXEY-EYE,
Variously called
bluecap, bluebottle,
OXTER
[T.],
OAXTER
[N.], the arm-pit.
O*^-holes, the
"
arm-holes in a waistcoat.
" When this master of that is, put the minstrelsy oxtered his blether bladder of his pipes under his arm. Northumberland Minstrels' Budget.
OYSTER-SCAUP, SCAPPY,
at
an oyster bed.
The Scappy
Of late at one time an oyster bed. years a scaup has been formed in Budle Slake, near Belford. Compare MUSSEL-SCALP and see SCALP.
Holy Island was
N
520
a pap.
PAAP, PAWP,
house.
Also a projection from the roof of a
Brockett.
PAA-PRENT,
literally
used derisively for a smudge or hand print

or claw with the hand.
paw print.
PAAT,
to
paw
" Divent paat on wi'd,

to
or ye'll spoiFd." " Paut, to walk heavily, or in an awkward, clumsy manner, Pant a stroke on the ground \vith the foot." Brockett. kick.
paw, to
PAAT-POKE, a very slow person. PACK, the shepherd's portion in
a hirsel, or flock of sheep,
grazed on the farm as his pay for looking after the whole herd. The pack is known from the hirsel by the marking
letters being placed crosswise, whilst in the hirsel they are put on straight.
PACK, PACK,
Very
in sporting, a flock or flight of wild ducks.
the stomach
a cant word.
" Fill or y pack."
PACK, PACKT,
intimate, friendly, warm in friendship or love. "Aa wis diggin' the docile animals are said to be pact. garden, and the robin kept at me foot aall the time aa nivver Heard at Winlaton, 1891. seed sic a packt bord." " Thepackest thing and the best will'd, The gentlest Bird that ever Bill'd."
;
G. Stuart, Joco-Serious Discourse, 1686, p.
30.
PACK-SACK,
the sack slung across a horse. thus carried to market.
Poultry were
PACK-WALLS,
pillars in a colliery built up of stone obtained in the mine, the large stones being placed on the outside, and
the middle filled up with the smaller ones. Gloss, of Coal Trade Terms 1888.
,
W.
E. Nicholson,
PACKY
PAD,
[N.]
dainty, over nice.
See PAWKY.
a saddle made of coarse material stuffed with straw. This originally was the pad across which was slung the pack or burthen of a horse. See SODS*
"
And
Spraggon
rides
sets the pads upon back sae early in the morn, me down to Felton without either hay or corn."
my
Robin Spraggon' s Auld Grey Mare.
PADDA-PIPE,
common
generally.
or
PADDOCK-PIPE,
the Equisetum limosum,
in pools where frogs abound. Applied also to the cornfield horsetail, Equisetum arvense, and to the equisetacea
See PADDOCK.
521
PADDA-RED,
weather.
green slime, formed on stagnant pools in
warm
PADDLE, PATTLE, SPATTLE,

mole catchers use
; ;
a small spade, such as also used for scraping earth from ploughs, when it is called a plough pattle also used by farmers as a walking stick for cutting up docks, thistles, etc. Hodgson MS. baker's "peel" is called a paddle, so is the long, straight garden hoe. Paddles were used until a few years ago by most householders for cleaning the flagstones in front of their
doors by scraping off any mud or snow. They had a long handle which terminated in a flat hemispherical plate of iron the head or paddle of the implement. (Obsolescent.)
"
1631.
Paid
for zpatle for ye church, is."
PADDOCK, PADDICK, PADEEK

.
a frog. Paddock[N.] peul, a stagnant pool. Paddock beds, the spawn of frogs. Called also pud-redd, toad-riddins, and toad-redd. Paddock-styuls, toad stools, or fungi generally. Paddock-loup, the game of also a boy's game in which two boys take hold leap frog each of the other's toes and roll over each other head foremost in a kind of somersault. "tyed" is always
, ;
distinguished from a paddock.
PAD-ROAD,
PAG,
"
to
a beaten path.
tightly, to stop
pack
up
to choke, as a pipe
is
choked.
The wettor
pipe's getten pagged
up wi summat."
PAIDLE,
PAIR, PAIR,
The male and
the fish called lump-sucker, Cyclopterus lumpus, L. female of this fish are called cock and hen paid les.
a deceptive fellow.
the margin).
to thrash. Compare PAY. "We'll paik their hides" ("Bang their coats"
43.
in
PAINCHES,
toil
;
the paunch, tripe. "That'll warm yor painches for ye." or Tripe-wife " painch-vtife, a tripe seller. To "keep the painches waggin to continue at severe and incessant
from the wagging or shaking of the bowels during excessive exertion. " Oh dear, oh dear, what wonderful changes Near where the chapel stood they are now selling painches; Where the nuns were learning the road to heaven, The tripewives now are making a living."
J.N., Newcastle Market.
"
When
Ma
yence yor feet are i' the geers, soul, they keep yor painches waggin ." T. Wilson, Pitman's Pay,
1
i.,
47.
522
PAINS, rheumatism. This term ("the pains") is universal among the labouring classes for this complaint, with which, and especially in the high districts, they are much afflicted
;
have therefore very appropriately called it " the pains," as if it was the concentration of all the aches and agonies that could rack and torment the human joints and sinews. Hodgson MS. " He's just fair crippled wi' the pains."
PAINTER
(pron. penter), an eminence, the end or shoulder of a The word occurs in Painter Heugh in Newcastle, and ridge. in Painter Hill, the high ground immediately below the Parish Church at Alnwick.
PAIR,
a set of anything, not limited to a brace. " A pair of " A "A pair (for chest) of drawers." pair of cards." " A "A All these terms are pair of gears." pair o' pipes." in common general use.
stairs."
PAIROCK, PAIRK,
house.
The word
an enclosure, as the fields near a farm park occurs twenty-six times in place-
names in Northumberland. Broompark, etc. Pairock, parrick, to shut up ewes with their lambs in a paddock to induce them to suckle. Hence perricked or panicked. Pairocks, parricks, the small stalls or partitions in a lambing or kebhouse a place of protection or shelter.
;
PAIR-O'-GEARS, two
upright props or spars with a cross piece at the top, for the support of a pit roof, or for forming wood bridges, staiths, etc. Mining Gloss. Newcastle Terms, 1852. These are sometimes called a "gallows timber." The cross piece at the top is the " crown tree."
"
(adv.),
PAIRT
Thor wis
pairt
some, a considerable number, a fair quantity. " He'll folk at the meetin' last Sunday."
fash afore he's
dyun
wi'd."
PAISE, PAIZE,
that flagstone."
to weigh up, as with a crowbar. "Paise-up " Paise open that lock." Peise, to weigh.
PALEY, PAILLY,
pailly lot."
" poor in size and physique. They are a Applied to the poorest of a flock of lambs after the "tops," "first shots," second, third, and even fourth " shots" have been drawn out.
PALMS,
willow catkins, used on

"
Palm Sunday.
the plovers abandon the sea For the heather on Hareshaw's high fell, The glossy palm gilds the saugh tree, And the wild re as bloom in the dell."
When
Robert Roxby,
Poetic Epistle, 1845.
523
PAN,
The word frequently occurs in place-names, Pans, Hartley Pans, etc., so named from the salt industry formerly existing at the places.
a salt pan.
as in
Howdon
" In the
I Bullein,
North there is salt made at the Sheles, by Tinmouth Castle. the author hereof, have a pan of salt upon the same water.
Northumberland, is good salt made, and also William Bullein, Book of Simples, 1564.
at
At
Blith, in
Syr Ihon
Delaval's panes."
PAN,
to correspond, to tally, to unite. Border idiom from pan, a cross beam in the roof of a house, closing with the wall.
Jamieson.
To
close, to join together, to agree.

pan, but
(Obs.)
See
PAN-PIECE.
"
Weal and women cannot
wo and women
can."
Proverb.
Ray.
PANCAKE
The
or PAN-CYEK TUESDAY, Shrove Tuesday. Pancake bell is the church bell rung at noon on Shrove The afternoon of the day was formerly claimed Tuesday. as a half-holiday by Newcastle apprentices, and football contests formed the chief occupation on these occasions. At many places the latter observance is still maintained, and the contending parties represent two sections of villagers or " " " townsmen, as the doon-streeters against the hee tooners,"
etc.
Shrove Tuesday
is
also called Fastens or Pasterns E'en,

All Saints' Churchwardens' Book, Newcastle.
or Even.
"
1806, pancake bell, is."
PANDER,
manner.
to
wander or
"
He
loiter about in a gans panderin aboot."
silly,
purposeless
PANDERLYET,
PANDY,
a late, loitering visitor.
a slap on the hand for punishment. pandies did the skyulmaister gi' ye ?"
"
Hoo many
PANEL, PANEL-WORK,
into
which a
bords.
colliery is divided.
one of the divisions or districts Also called by the miners
a sheth of
" It occurred to Mr.
Buddie that a great improvement might be effected

course of the
first
by dividing a
panels,
it
colliery, in the
first
surrounded on
all sides
was termed, was
by barriers of solid introduced at Wallsend
working, into districts, or coal. Panel-work, as in the year 1810."
R. L. Galloway, History of Coal Mining, 1882,
p. 149.
PANELS,
the several strata composing a bed of stratified rock, chiefly used with reference to the bands of a limestone, " Blue limestone with as, strong panels."
524
"
PANG,
to stuff-fall, to thrust or force. poor cheese on us." Compare PAG.

11
The man
panged this
Wi
flesh
we
gaily pang'd
wor hides."
W.
Midford.A'.F.Z., 1814.
PAN-PIECE,
a heavy beam thrown across an opening in the " breast summer." outer wall of a building a mantel-piece or of a cottage roof are called pans. In Scotland the purlins Jamieson, under pans. "Pan, in our stone houses, is that piece of wood that lies upon the top of the stone wall, and must close with it, to which the bottom of the
;
spars are fastened." Ray. " 1648, June loth, for the pann pieces for sawing and charges to lay Embleton, Barber Surgeons of them vpon the new key, 3 35. 6d."
Newcastle.
PAN SHEET
"
[N.]
in a state of excitement or
sudden passion.
PAN-SODDY, PAN-PUDDIN,
My
a baked pudding.
head swam round whene'er Upon a fat pan-soddy" R. Gilchrist,
aw
thought
d. 1844,
Voyage
to
Lunnin.
PANT,
pants,
a public water fountain. At these standing pipes, or water used to be sold at a farthing a skeel hence the
;
name
the
of
**
fardin pant."
" Paide to Sandrs. Cheisman in parte of paymente of 22!. 33. 4d. for buildinge of a sufficiente pannte in Sandgate 403." Newcastle Municipal Accounts, September, 1593. " Paid Mr. Blackett, sherriffe, for a ton of wine which 1661, Julie. used at the coronation when the pant ran wine, 22!." Newcastle Municipal
-Accounts.
" If a fresh inhabitant ot the village of Stamfordham takes a good drink at the pant, he will reside a long time in the village." Rev. J. F. Transactions of Tyneside Naturalists' Bigge, Superstitions at Stamfordham. Field Club, 1860-62, vol. v., p. 92. 14 Then to the Pant, open'd the Spout, Hey-dash, the Claret-wine sprang out."
18.
PAN -WOOD,
small coals which were used evaporating sea-water in salt pans. (Obs.)
chiefly
in
P AP-O'-THE-HASS,
the uvula.
;
PARISH, PERISH, "

"
to spend lavishly hence the phrase " to that is, to spend the whole stock-in-trade, parish the pack to spend everything, as in a drinking bout.
Bob Cruddace, ah, poor soul he's deed he had a cliver knack O' kepping beer, aye three yards off, when he 'Parish'd the pack !' " W. Armstrong, Newcastle Worthies. " Aw kens how to perish the brass that aw gets." J. P. Robson, Pitman's Draw. Bards of the Tyne, 1849, p. 312.
!
525
is
PARKIN,
the frame or stand on which oak bark dry before stacking.

particular,
fastidious.
placed to
PARNICKETY,
parnickety body."
" He's a
varry
PARPIN, a mason's term
for a wall of a single stone in thickness.
PARREY,
".It
a sudden, heavy fall of rain. came a heavy parrey of rain." Hodgson MS.
PARROT-COAL,
"
a kind of cannel coal.
when on fire it splits and cracks up with a So chattering noise, like a parrot talking." Gresley's Glossary, 1883. " It admits of being polished, and is often turned into punch-bowls, salt-cellars, toys, &c." Impartial History of Newcastle, 1801.
called because
PART.
See PAIRT.
PARTING,
PARTING,
is
an offtake or branch road.
a thin deposit, separating or parting two strata. It " a regular deposit, but thinner than a " band or " girdle." Partings are described according to their composition or with " or reference to their thickness or character, as a " thready " mere films of substance seamy partings" when they present "" " " " seamy," or cashy partings when they are soft scary," when they appear to be flaked or finely laminated. "scaly" In all cases they suggest that the superimposed stratum is separated from th^t below by a mere parting of other material.
; ;
PASH, PASH,
a heavy a
soft,
fall
of
snow
or rain.
"
" Rotten as is a pash decayed substance. common saying. Pash is to dash, smash, bruise and both pash and mash are applied to substances that have been pounded and mixed to a pasty condition.
PAST,
game.
the starting point of a race, the line drawn in a boys' " Toe the past" toe the line.
PAST.
To be " past oneself " is used commonly to describe " Thor distracted condition of mind. any myekin sic a noise " Aa waddent aa's fair past mesel." put it past him" should " Wor Tom's a aa not think it beyond him. queer un waddent put it past him if he gat here thi neet, that aa " It's " Aa's waddent." past eatin." past a joke."
;
526
PASTE-EGGS, PYEAS-EGGS,
and dyed various colours.
The
eggs at Eastertide is a most custom among the young folks of Northumberland. Day is the common name for Easter Sunday.
"
Easter eggs, boiled hard " boolin " and "jaapin"of ancient and well observed
Paste-egg
To please the pit laddies at Easter, a dish full o' gilty paste eggs." Midford, Pitman's Courtship, 1818. " Eggs, stained with various colours in boiling, and sometimes covered with leaf gold, are at Easter presented to children at Newcastle, and at other places in the North. They ask for their paste eggs, as for a Brapd, Popular Antiquities, 1777, p. 310. fairing, at this season."
W.
PASTIE,
a hand. cant term. called daddies, meags, paas oars, etc.

t
The hands
are similarly
PAT, POT, p t.
past., pat or pot "
of put.
;
The forms
blue coat."
of the verb are
Pres.,
put
p.p., putten.
Aw pat on my
Bob Cranky' s
41
'Size
Sunday.
Then went
Pat by wor gcer an' moor'd wor keel, an* drank wor can."
Keel
Row.
PATE, PAIT,
"
a brock or badger.
(Obs.)
It. p d to John Newton for 1649-1650. Anthony Sewertis for 3 paite heades is. 6d."
payte
Heade, 6d.
Books.
To
Ry ton Church
PATTING-STONE.
See PETTING-STONE.
PAUGHTY,
"
insolent,
Compare PAWKY.
p. 26.
brought the uppaughty Quean Like Bird to pick out mine own e'en ?" G. Stuart, Joco-Sevious Discourse, 1686,
I
Have
PAULER, PAALER,
astonishment.
"
a staggering blow, a rude shock, an

Brockett.
"Paul, or Pall, to puzzle, to put to a stand."
A collier cam" on, Maw sarties! but
quick as thowt,
he got
W.
a.pauler."
Midford, 1818, The Masquerade.
PAULING-HOUSE,
"
1627.
house, is.
a cart shed.
(Obs.)
Reed, of Timothy Hutton for this yeare's rent of the paulling4d." Gateshead Church Books.
PAW-HOGGER.
genteel baggage
"
apparently a nonce word, meaning with hoggers on the paws that is, gloves. "Pawhogger luggish,"
a term of contempt for gentility. The Skipper swore the pawhogger luggish was called Empty
;
Kite."
R. Gilchrist, 1824, The Skipper's Erudition.
527
PAWK.
"
"Pawk
"
off," to
it
remove.
an'
He
quickly had
by the nose
pawk'd
it
off."
R. Emery,
d. 1871,
The Owl.
The canny
old chapel's pawk'd off in a pet." R. Gilchrist, Song of Improvements, 1835.
PAWKY, PAAKY "
[S.] , [N.], saucy, conceited, " She's a She's a paaky hussy." dainty. prood, paaky Applied also to over-fed animals. thing, that lass." work horse with little work and much food becomes paaky.
PACKY
PAY,
to beat, to thrash. To overcome wife." " Aa can
supremacy.
" Aa'll " He pay yor hide." pays his in a conflict or in a contest for pay that chep easy."
Bards of
the
" At schule he payed Tinley, of Shields, the greet dandy." Tyne, p. 224.
PAYS, punishment by
ye'll
get yor pays, aa can
slapping. tell ye."
" If ye dinna stop, bairn,
PEACHY,
PEACE,
PEAL,
the lesser redpole, Linaria mfescens.
a small hut or shelter.
applied by fishermen very vaguely to the young of the bull trout (Salmo eriox, L.), and often by mistake to other species of salmonidae. Richard Howse, Natural History
Transactions, vol. x., 1890, p. 370.
PEAL,
to appeal, a shortened form. Hence pealers, appealers, Brockett has "Peelers, two or more proposals for applicants. a farm, contract, etc., being alike, are peelers." Compare
PEEL OFF.
PEA-MORNIN,
and lads at the GAADY DAY.
a holiday formerly made among young pits when the peas came to maturity.
men
See
PEARLY, PERLEY,
PEART,
small and round.
pearly clod is a
small, round, hard clod.
also improved in health or pert, lively, forward " It leuks a vast appearance, said of animals generally. violent. " Aa hard some brattles o' thunnor, peavter" Sharp, " said of a storm, March, 1890. aye, they war peart yens
;
!
PEAS,
a description of small .coals, so called from their
size.
PEA-SWAD,
a pea-shell, the pod which contains the peas.
Compare PESKIT.
528
(pron. pee-ah), the succulent, half- formed " " Swaps is sweet is a common saying.
PEA-SWAP
PEAT-HAGS,
[N.]
pea-pod and pea.
the old, rough, projecting margins of peat pits have grown up again projecting masses of peat on a peat moor portions of peat on high moors left by edges of water gutters.
after those pits
;
;
PECK,
a measure of capacity. At Alnwick and Wooler the At peck is equal to one-third of a bushel Winchester. Newcastle a peck of barley and oats'is equal to five forpits In mining, peck, a measure containing 1,209 or quarterns. cubic inches. Peck, a considerable quantity, used generally. " Pecks o' dort." a o' troubles." She's getten
peck
PEDDER.
PEEDEE,
See PETHER.
or P.D., the boy on board a keel. The crew of a keel consisted of the skipper, two bullies, and the pee-dee, who was generally a boy from twelve to fourteen years old ; hence applied occasionally to anything diminutive in size, as a peedee marble, the smallest sized boys' playing marble.
"Pedee,
iedee
an ordinary
all
foot boy,
a drudge:
as,
'What, must
be your
upon
occasions?'"
New World
o] Words, 1706.
"
He started life a keel P.D. Spent fifty years upon the quay And now, may bliss the portion be O'Faddy." Thomas Wilson, A Keelman's Tribute to a Friend, 1843.
;
"
Three o' the bullies lap oot, And left nyen in but little Pee Dee ; Who ran about stamping and crying How smash, Skipper, what mun
'
a'
dee ?' The Little Pee Dee.
"
PEEL,
a tower.
See PELE.
potatoes cooked and served with their are peeled as they are eaten at table.
a
tree
PEEL-AN'-EATS,
skins on.
They
PEELED GRAIN,
Thence applied
branch
stripped
of
its
bark.
Compare RANNEL-BALK.
PEELIN-HIS- WANDS
to
that
is,
preparing to
make a
basket.
;
anyone entering on a new occupation
on
the arrival of the
first child, etc.
PEEL OFF,
to appeal
peel off
off,
to get rid of.

militia.
he who could
happy man was

2.
from the
See PEAL,
529
PEEN,
The
the peen end of a mason's hammer is the sharp end. peen of a blacksmith's or engineer's hand-hammer is the pointed end, usually blunt pointed. In holding a hammer in the hand with the head upward, the peen is the narrow end and the "face" is the full end. In this position the upper " nose " of the hammer it is the part of the face is called the portion of the face furthest from the workman's hand. The lower (or nearer) portion of the face is called the " heel." The handle is called the " helve " or " shank."
;
PEENGE,
" What's the bairn utter low, fretful cries. ?" peengin aboot, Bessy Peenged,peengy, delicate, complaining, " " She was a petulant. peengcd sort of a body complaining and bad-tempered from sickliness or ill-health. Starved or shrunk with cold and poor health. " The bit bairney's but
to
"
!
peengv, poor thing Peengin, petulant was a bit poor peengin bairn."
from
ill-health.
"
It
PEESWEEP,
Also called
the peewit or lapwing, Vanellus

tufit.
cristatus.
It is
also called the tyufit or
PEEWIT GULL,
PEG,
the black-headed gull, Larus ridibundus, L.
sea crow
and pick-i'-ma.
thin or
Margaret. "Aad/^g" very tough, poor edible.
skim milk cheese, a
PEGGY,
an earthenware
bottle.
See PIGGY.
PEGH,
to puff, to pant, to strain with exertion.

"
blew up again, if't had been his And pegh't and grain'd at ilka
Tony
e'en
And- blew as
last,
blast."
p. 45.
PEIGHT-WALL.
PELE, PEEL,
See PICTS.
The forms P^/-tower, P^/-castle, and Peel-house are also frequently used, when speaking generally. The strongholds,
nowadays called Peles, are scattered over Northumberland, and present a similarity of type in construction and arrangement. The ground floor consists of an apartment which is
full semicircular form. The entrance to this is strongly guarded by an oaken door, protected by a grill of flat iron bars fastened to its outer side, and moving with the A newel stair, or in some cases a straight stone stair door. in the thickness of the wall, leads to the upper storey here
a four-square tower, used formerly for defence.
vaulted in
530
is
the chief apartment, and above it is a second room. Each This area of these occupy the entire area within the walls. The tower has battleis often not more than ig| by 13! feet. ments, and the angles are sometimes finished with turrets, which are machicolated. For the origin of the term see the
treatise, Peel
:
Its
meaning and derivation, by George Neilson,

'
Glasgow, 1893.
"At the present day the word pele' is employed by natives of Northumberland to denote, strictly speaking, a small tower of rough masonry with a high pitched roof." C. J. Bates, Border Holds of
Northumberland, p. 60. " Within my own recollection almost every old house in the dales of Rede and Tyne was what is called a Peel house, built for securing its inhabitants and their cattle in moss trooping times." Rev. Anthony
Hedley, 1822, Archceologia JE liana,

"
vol.
i..
p. 243.
They pele-towers of the Borderland are essentially castles. show the type of the Norman keep continued on a small scale to a very From the great keep of Newcastle to the least pele-tower late time. which survives as a small part of a modern house, the idea which runs
The
Northumberland has much to show all is exactly the same. the traveller in many ways, from the Roman Wall onward, but the feature which is specially characteristic is that it is the land of castles." Freeman, English Towns and Districts, 1883, p. 317.
through
PELL,
hard, strong.
" Pell clay."
PELSH, weak
or silly by sickness, or constitutionally weak. " She's varry pelsh, poor body." Applied also to cattle when It is also used when speaking of thin or ailing and weakly. one who does work in an indifferent manner from lack of He's oney a pelsh 'un." strength.
'
PELT,
to hurry along.
doon."
"
He
"
Full pelt
pelt"
full
speed.
"
He cam peltin
Noodle.
ran
full
To
the
Moor he
Edward Corvan, He Wad Be a
did pelt."
PENCIL,
shale, or "plate" of a somewhat compact nature, used for coarse slate pencils.
PENNING,
In mining stones paved to form a watercourse. applied to spouting for the same purpose. " The penning was swimming about on the top of the water." R. Scott,
Ventilation of Coal Mines, 1868, p. 55.
PENNY-BRICK,
a small
roll
of bread.
Compare BAP.
PENNY-DOG,
follows
me
person that dogs another's steps.
"He
like a penny-dog."
53!
PENNYMEN,
SEA MICE.
a bird term applied to the smaller waders.
See
PENNY-PACKING-DAY,
the last day of the fair, when the dealers were packing their goods, and were supposed to sell cheaply to save the further trouble and expense of carrying away their unsold things. Like the toy fair itself, the term is almost obsolete.
to
PEN NY- PAY,
pay a mechanic separately
contradistinction to contracting. with the country blacksmith.
for each job in Generally used in dealings
PENNY-STANE,
Rothbury.
"
Pennystanes,
flat
a quoit.
There
is
a pennystane quarry near
from which the quarry derives its name, were trimmed stones used as quoits before iron ones were frequent." W. W. Tomlir.son, Guide to Northumberland, 1888, p. 330.
PENNYWILK,
the winkle or edible sea snail.
See WILKS.
" A'll supply ye wi' flat-fish, fine skyet, or fresh ling, An' sometimes pennywilks, crabs, an' lobsters aw bring."
Edward Corvan,
Cullercoats Fish-lass.
PENS,
"
the short ribs. the Penthouse.
PENTAS,
An upper apartment of the old Town House on the Sandhill, Newcastle a place of many windows and of much good cheer." R. Welford,
History of Newcastle in
XVI.
Century, p. 384.
PEN-WET,
PERRICK.
wet received into a stack below the eaves.

See PAIROCK.
PESANT,
PESEN,
a stern, hard-hearted miser.

Hodgson
" She's a very pesant"
MS.
Literally peas, from the
the roe or spawn of fish.
appearance.
PESKIT
SWAD.
[W.-T.]
a peascod, peas in the pod.
Compare PEA-
PETER- WAGGY,
the familiar toy in which the arms and legs of a grotesque figure are thrown up when a string is pulled.
532
a
PETH,
is steep and narrow. nine place-names in Northumberland, as in Mor/>tfA, and Kemmell's or Gamel!' s In a document of 1249 this is path, near the head of Coquet. " The Peth" also occurs alone. spelt Campasfieth.
path
especially one that

in
The word
occurs
more
than
PETHER, PETHAR,
"
a pedlar.
top of Pilgrim Street to Pilgrim Gate, it is named Northumberland Street, part of which was called Pedlar or Pethar Row, from its being built by a succesful man of business whose younger days were spent as a pedestrian merchant, and who, getting forward in life, built a number of these pleasant houses, which still go by that appellation,
the
From
with
fine,
small gardens adjoining.''
Impartial History of Newcastle, 1801,
p. 127.
PETTING-STONE.
A custom prevails at Bamburgh and other places, on the occasion of a wedding, for the bride to be lifted over a stone, called the petting-stone, at the church gates It is generally commuted bv a money after the ceremony. There is a stone in the churchyard at Holy Island payment. where the same ceremony is practised. It is the socket-stone At Ford, a " paten-stick " was used. It of a Saxon cross. was placed before the church door when the bride and bride" u groom came out, and the newly-wedded ones had to loup A similar custom prevailed in it, or else pay the usual fine.
many Northumberland
"
villages.
Compare BALL MONEY.
Being here (at Shilbottle) one day while a pitman's wedding was going on, we were amused with the custom of lifting the ladies over a heap of stones laid in the middle of the footpath." Correspondent in Alnwick Mercury, July 15, 1861.
village
certain of the young men of the would place a large stone between the gate posts of the churchyard. On the bride and bridegroom making their appearance, they were If this acrobatic seized, one at each arm, and jumped over the stone. G. Atkinson, feat was safely performed, it was held to be a good omen." Weekly Chronicle, September 7, 1889.
"During the wedding ceremony,
PEUST,
snug, comfortable.
frost bitten
See PIEUST.
;
PHOSY, FOSEY,
FRAY.
applied to turnips.
PHRASE, PHRASY,
PIANET,
a disturbance.
See FRASE, FRASY and
a magpie. At the Teams, Gateshead, the publichouse with the sign of the Magpie is yet called " The Pianet" See PIOT. "This name is retained in Scotland, Dr. Johnson says; and in
Northumberland he might have added, where
Todd.
it
is
called pyanot."
533
PICIMA,
sea crow.
the black-headed gull,
Lams
ridibundus.
Also called
See PEEWIT GULL.
PICK,
It is about eighteen the tool used by a coal hewer. inches long sharpened at both ends now usually of steel throughout, weighing from three pounds upwards. Through an eye or socket in the centre is fixed a handle of ash or hickory, two and a half feet in length.
; ;
PICK,
PICK, PICK,
pitch.
a steep ascent. " A heavy 'pick." " Pick an' tar meng'd together." pitch. " Pick dark." "Pick black." " Pick
Pick, black as
night."
It is
to pitch, to throw. generally used in games.
"
Just pick here, look ye."
PICK, to cast prematurely. "The mear hes picked her foal." "The new coo hes hed a misfortin she's pick'd her calf."
PICKATREE,
the green woodpecker, Gecinus
viridis,
L.
PICKER, an implement " "
used for picking turnips. It is called It is usually made from tormit a picker, or picker simply. a broad-bladed sickle, the back rib of which is forged and drawn over in hook form to a fine point. The pointed hook is used for "ruttin up" the turnips, whilst the blade is used for "shawin" the tops, when the turnips require to be For pulling turnips only, a twogathered and stored. pronged curved-in picker is used. A third form of picker is used for lifting out the shells of turnips which have been eaten hollow below the surface by sheep it has a point at nearly a right angle from the shank, and is called a "dyeuk;
neb
"
(duck-bill) picker.
PICK-FORK,
a pitch-fork. a
PICK-HOLE,
term.
wound made by
the point of a pick.
A miner's
o' barley,
PICKLE,
PICKLE,
" If a grain of corn. ye'll coont that find as much as eighty pickles on't." ye'll
heed
" Gi's a a few, some, a small quantity. pickle mair." " Aa've bowt a pickle o' yaits." [Heard at Wooler, 1888.] just "A watter." nuts." " A
pickle
pickle
PICKLE,
The word occurs in the to provide, to make shift. " " Pickle i' do for yourself. Said phrase, yor aan poke neuk to a beggar, it is equivalent to an emphatic refusal and an exhortation to the suppliant to shift for himself.
534
paid by the hewer
PICK-MONEY, PICK-PENCE, the money

to the " pick sharper."
PICK-SHARPER,
hewers of a
"
for
the smith
who sharpens
the picks for the
colliery.
finds his
own picks, but has them sharpened and set out colliery smith (called the pick-sharper] employed for the purpose, paying to him in return id. per fortnight." Greenwell, Glossary of Coal Trade Terms, 1888.
The hewer
him by the
"
The sum
varies from id. to 2d. per week."
Nicholson.
PICTOR,
41
a picture. over a door.

Pictur,
It is
considered unlucky to " hing a pictor"
a covering of sheet iron, or brattice deals, hung from the roof shaft framing to protect the onsetters from the dripping of water at the shaft bottom." Nicholson, Glossary of Coal Trade Terms, 1888.
and
from the roof

1888.
Also " a similar cover to protect the hewer from water which falls in wet working." Greenwell, Glossary of Coal Trade Terms,
PICTS'
WALL,
the
Roman Wall
extending from the Solway
to Wallsend.
" Till quite recently our Wall always appeared on the maps as the Picts' Wall, the Vallum sive Murus Picticus of Camden, a designation borne,
not on account of its having served as a defence against the Picts (as the Saxon shore may have been so termed from its liability to the incursions of piratical Saxons), but because it was popularly held to have been the uncanny work of that mysterious race." Cadwallader J. Bates, Border Holds of Northumberland, p. 323.
PIE, a
It is also used when prize or find. to turn the laugh against an antagonist. tiv us."
something is found " It wis grand pie
PIE. "to put
" in the pie"; also called " odd man and "last a process resorted to in choosing sides in games or out," in deciding who is " hit." One of the players lends his cap, and each of the others stands round with one finger in the pie. One of them then recites a rhyme, touching the fingers in He whose finger is succession as each word is repeated. The process is touched at the last word stands aside. continued until one only is left in, and he, being last man, is "hit." The following is the formula which is usually repeated on the occasion
man
"
Onery, twoery, tackery, tivven, Alaboo, clackaboo, ten or iliven,
Peam, pam, musky Tom, Tweedle-um, twaddle-um, twenty-one."
535
pie-
PIE-BAAL,
baal,
a game resembling the game of rounders. In however, the ball is always struck with the hand.
PIECE,
a piece of bread, or some other edible, carried in the " He' pocket, to be eaten outside the house when at work. ye " Piece, a little while. Piece, a term getten y-or piece wi' ye ? " She's applied to a woman reproachfully or contemptuously. a bonny piece that'n is." Sometimes "piece 0' goods" is used. 11 Nice piece 0' goods she is, aa's sure."
"
Stay a piece"
Brockett.
PIEUST, PIUST, PEUST, PUEST,
in
comfortable circum-
stances, snug and self-satisfied in mind, body, and estate. " He's a " He wis leukin' pieust little fellow." pieust"
Pieust, a groaning sound made by cattle when they are lying full and comfortable. Pieusty, pyusty, dainty as to food. " If thoo canna eat that, thoo mun be pyusty."
PIG, brown, coarse earthenware.
PIG-CREEVE, SWINE-CREEVE, PIG-CREE, CREEVY,

a pig-stye.
PIGEON-DUCKET,
PIGEON'S MILK.
11
a pigeon cot.
"
To send one
;
for pigeon's
milk
"
is
to
send on a fool's errand.
Gan this tother gayt, lad Some Pigeon's milk thou's
fetch us, Dick,
An' prove thou hes a payte, lad." J. P. Robson, Pigeon's Milk. Bards of the Tyne, 1849,
p. 113.
PIGEON-WAAK,
folded,
The "pigeon" is blinda boys' game. and stands with legs astride. The other players throw their caps between the straddled legs and shout " Pigeon waak." The blinded pigeon walks accordingly, and endeavours to touch a cap with his foot in his forward A lad whose cap is touched becomes " pigeon " progress.
in turn.
PIGGIN,
wooden
kailpot.
an earthenware pitcher. Applied also to a small vessel with staves, and sometimes to a small iron
PIGGY, PEGGY, an
and used as a
foot
earthenware bottle filled with hot water warmer in bed by delicate people. A
traveller reported that in
with the pigs for warmth.
Northumberland the people slept He had been asked if he would
have a piggv
o
in his bed.
536
PIG'S-BOAT,
Pig's-kit,
the receptacle in which pig's meat is kept. the trough from which a pig feeds. Hence applied " Ye he' the to a messy condition in eating. tyebel like a
pig's-kit."
PIKE, a pointed hill. "GlantonP^."
Dodd, in contrast,
is
a truncated
hill.
"Pike occurs twenty times in Northumberland place-names." J. V. Gregory, Archaologia JEliana, vol. ix., p. 68. " Pike, crag, law, head, know, dod, edge, rig predominate in the nomenclature of the Redesdale eminences." Dr. James Hardy, Hist,
of Bwks. Nat. Club, vol.
ix., p.
452.
PIKE,
pointed or peaked pile of hay made up, like a in the hay-field till it can be carted to the A pike contains about one cart-load of hay. farm-yard.
a
temporary stack,
Piker, a builder of
hay pikes.
PIKER,
the nose.
cant term.
"
Had up
yor piker."
PIKE-HANDLES,
See HANDSPYAKES.
wooden staves used
for a bier at funerals.
" Before the parish (of Elsdon) had a hearse, their dead were carried to the grave on a bier of poles, which they called pike-handles, and were the perquisite of the rector." Hodgson, Northumberland, pt. ii., vol. i.,
p. 92, note.
PILE,
a single fibre, a single stalk of straw. When cows or horses eat up their fodder clean it is said, " They haven't left a
PILEY, PILED,
"
mottled or speckled with small "pies." Thomas Currey of the Hight in the same county charged wth. felonious stealeing of a Dunn mare and a black pyled gray foale
the the
proper goodes of Lyonell Shipley of the Snape." 1628. Anhaologia JEliana, vol. i., p. 151.
Hodgson, Calendars,
"They
praise lang Wilson's///^ cock." T. Wilson, Pitman's Pay, 1826, ed. 1872, p. 6.
PILLAN,
The
a small green-coloured sea crab, used as bait.

;
" the fishermen shell of the crab is very tender peel off the shell before they bait their hooks with them." Brockett, under pullen.
main
"I threw my hook

sea."
(baited with a bit of pillan, or peeling, crab) into the Newcastle Magazine, No. i, January, 1823, p. 21.
PILLAR,
an oblong or square mass of coal contained between two boards and two headways courses, and left during the " first working for the In " broken or support of the roof. pillar working a passage is driven through the pillars, which
537
pillars
are then said to be "jenkined." What is then left of the are called "stocks," and when these are taken away the roof collapses on the worked out " waste."
" Sufficient pillars ('columnar vel pillers') shall be left to support the roof." Lease from Queen Elizabeth to Sir Nicholas Tempest of Coal Mines in
Stella.
" In this district the method of working, which has been established is that known as the board-and-wall system, As the depths augmented, pillars being left for the support of the roof. larger pillars of support were necessarily required, and a proportionate sacrifice of mine occurred. Then began the system of robbing the pillars or, in other words, of taking away such portions as it was thought could be safely removed." T. J. Taylor, Archeology of the Coal Trade, 1852,
from time immemorial,
pp. 167, 198.
PILLARING,
required to be
erecting artificial supports for the roof of a mine. See PACK-WALL. " The building up of stone fallen from the roof by the side of any way
left
open."
Greenwell.
PILLION-STYEN,
a step placed at the door to enable a rider It is variously termed horse and horsinto get on horseback. stone, mount, and loupin-on-stone. a pillow-case.
PILLOW-SLIP,
PIN, humour, temper. " A jug o

1
Geordy's maut an' hop Suin put us in a merry pin." T. Wilson, Pitman's Pay,
pt.
iii.,
v. 68.
PINCH, PINCHBAR,
a gyevlik or gavelock.
an iron crowbar or
lever.
Called also
PINCH,
to
off the cairt."
work with a lever or a crowbar. Compare PAISE.
"Pinch the styen
PINCH-GUT,
a penurious person a covetous, miserable wretch, as if pinched. Brockett. Pinch-pot or Nanny. pinch-pot " She's a is used in the same way. reg'lar Nanny pinch-pot, noo." Pinchy, parsimonious. " They war that pinchy that'n, Nippy is used in the same they hardly hed eneuf to eat."
to put in the pound. They've pinded some." G. Stuart, Joco-Serious
sense.
PIND,
"
PINER, grown " dried. " Pined hazel rods were used for corf making. PINED, PINE-OUT. Weather that has been long unsettled and
a
wounded
bird that has
thin and weak.
promises to be fine
is
said to pine-out.
538
PIN-FAD, PUN-FAD, a pinfold. PINING, a disease to which sheep are subject. PINK, an old-fashioned type of collier vessel,
until
familiar on the The about the middle of the present century. Tyne stern was " cat-built," falling off to a point almost as sharp as the narrowing at the bow, and on the top of this stern a square erection, forming a high poop, was built.
PINK,
and
spinks.
the Mayflower, Cardaminepratensis, L. often called pinks Also the Dianthus deltoides, L., which is known as
;
the wild pink.
PIN KEY, small. The
duplicated form pinkey-wee
is
often used,
especially in child talk. " A bussy-tail'd />wfo}' wee Frenchman."
W.
Midford, The Masquerade.
PINLOWE,
"
probably a "pingle" or small enclosure.
(Obs.)
i653receved of Wm. Johnson for pinlowes three horsses depasturing upon Gaitshead ffell 2oth June, 1653 oo. 15. oo." Gateshead Church
Books.
PINNEL, sandstone with pebbles in it; a kind of conglomerate. PIN-WELL, a well where deposits of votive offerings are made.
These
"
in latter
days are reduced to nothing more precious
than pins.
foot of Horsedean, near
curious custom was long observed in connection with a well at the Wooler. On May-day a procession was formed, and marched from the town (Wooler) to this spot, where a halt was called, and each of the processionists dropped a crooked pin into it, at the same time 'wishing a wish.' Though the formal procession on Mayday morning is no longer acted, the custom is still kept up by young people." James Hall, Guide to Glendale, 1887, p. 9. About a mile west of Jarrow, there is a well still called Bede's Well, to which, as late as the year 1740, it was a prevailing custom to bring diseased children; a crooked pin was put into the well, which was lewed dry between each dipping of the patient. But on every midsummer-eve there was a great resort of neighbouring people, with bonfires, music and dancing, to St. Bede's Well." Impartial History of Newcastle, 1801, p. 567.
'
PIOT, PYET, PIANET,

j&y-piot,
from
its
a magpie. The jay is also called the resemblance no doubt to the common magpie.
:
;
Of the plot it is common to say Tyel-piot, a tell-tale. " Yen's sorry Twee's morry Three's a wedding Power's deeth
;
;
Five's hivin Six is hell And Sivin's the deel's aan sel."
;
;
Old Saying.
PIPE
thin seam of coal. Also the COAL-PIPE, carbonized remains of plants frequently found in irregular thin patches. Pipe vein, a lead vein lying between strata, as distinguished from one which intersects them. Pipey or coalpipey, streaked with thready layers of coal.
or
539
;
PIPE-STOPPLE,
the tube of a tobacco pipe usually applied " " to the broken piece of a clay pipe. are Fairy pipes
ancient pipes having very small bowls.
PIRN
[N.]
a pin, a bobbin.
a twitch used for horses.
PIRN, PURN,
PIRTLE,
THIVEL.
a short stick used for stirring porridge.
Compare
PIRTLE, PORTLE,
styen
;
aa'll
to poke. get a stick an' portle
" Thor's an eel anunder that
him
stiff
oot."
See POWTLE.
PISTOL-FOOT,
some kind.
PIT, a
a lame foot
limb owing to injury of
The word has also special application to the colliery. well sunk from the surface to the coal seams. Pit-bar, a frame bar of wood to support the boards used in sinking through loose stuff. Pit-does, the working clothes of a pitman. Pit-crocket, the low seat used by a coal hewer. Pitheap, the deposit of coal and other excavated material near the mouth of a pit. Pit-hitch-nail, a strong pit nail. Pit-hole, an old disused pit-shaft. (A pitfall is called a "day fa'.") Pitman, a collier. Pit-prop, a short piece of round timber used as a support in the roof of a mine. Pitmatics, a jocose term for the technicalities of colliery working. Pit -single-tack, pitdouble-tack-nails, very strong nails, three and a half and four and a quarter inches long respectively. Pit-spar-nail, a nail five and a half or six inches long. Pittage, the cost of working
(Obs.) Pit-winkle (probably for pit-pinkie seejamieson, under pinkie), an extremely small candle, thirty or forty in the pound, formerly used by pitmen in the mine.
coal.
;
PITCH-AN'-TOSS, a gambling game, in the district. The players, who

place a bit of white
is
formerly in general use are called a " school,"
This (the "mot") in position. in succession, the first player having the choice of the place (" the past ") from which to pitch. Pence
"boody"
aimed
at
by each
or halfpence are used as the quoits. The player whose coin lies nearest to the "mot" then picks up the whole of the coins, and, laying them on his hand, tosses them up with a spin. All that come down lying head up become his own the tails pass on to the next player, who tosses again, leaving the The process is repeated till tails for the next in succession. all the coins are disposed of.
;
54<D
PITCHER,
game
a piece of tile or slate used in playing "holey," a The player wins all marbles which he of marbles. drives into the hole with a stroke of his pitcher, also any that have been tipped by the pitcher in the throw.
may
PITCH-UP,
job."
to give up, to
abandon.
" A've pitcked-up the
PITHEN,
"
to break the spinal cord of an animal in order to A practice adopted by butchers, destroy sense of pain. especially when killing sheep.
To
pith."
Webster's Diet.
PLACE THE WARK,

day
in a pit,
to arrange each man's labour for the and of a certain number of scores of corves to arrange how many each man is to hew and how many each tram is to put. Placing the work is an operation performed by the deputy.
PLACK,
11
a small piece of money.

Plack."
It is
Ya peur
Farder,
p. 48.
ordained, that the Clerk shall have noe mair, but ane penny Sterling, or Plack, for his Precept." Leges Marchtarum, 1705, p. 200.
" Tho' he
"
no worth aplack is, His awn coat on his back is."

T. Thompson,
New
Keel Row.
PLAIGAN, PLAYGIN, PLACAN,

Compare PLAYLAKIN.
a piece of broken earthenware or crockery used by children to make "babby hooses."
PLANE,
which
gravity.
in a pit, a coals,
etc.,
are
main road either level or inclined, along conveyed by engine power or by
Greslefs Glossary, 1883.

,
PLANTIN, PLANTEEN
PLASH,
sleet is
[S.] a plantation of small trees or a "setting" of cabbages, etc. "He's gyen aback o' the " plantin gone behind the plantation.
downpour
of.
of rain.
Also called a pash
when snow
or
spoken
Compare BLASH.
" If the oak before the ash Then we're sure to have a plash. If the ash before the oak, Then we're sure to have a soak."
Weather saw.
PLASH,
to splash or spatter
to
sound as a stone
"Plashin
falling in
waler. "What's with wet.
that plashin?"
wet"
soaked
54!
PLASH, to leave work unfinished. " Aa'll he ta plash them" said by a shoemaker on leaving work unfinished at the end of the week.
PLAT,
a flattened cake of any substance clayey kind as a "plat o' clarts," etc. called a "spark."
; ;
usually of a soft, small quantity is
PLATCHY-FOOTED,
PLATE,
having a flat-footed style of walking.
shale ; a laminated, argillaceous stratum. Usually described, according to its appearance, as blue plate, black Called indifferently plate or "metal"; plate, grey plate, etc. and sometimes, from its ordinarily blue cast of colour, known as "blue stone." Platy, containing layers of shale. Sandstone, when intermixed with shale beds or partings, is called Plate bricks, bricks made from platy freestone or platy post. shale or plate.
or
PLATE-NAILS,
nails,
TRAM-PLATE NAILS,
strong,
round
with flat points, having a countersunk head, flat or rounded on the top, and measuring two inches or two and a half inches long; used for nailing down the "plates" the rails to the sleepers in an underground tramway. plate nail is driven through a hole in the plate, which is countersunk to receive the head of the nail.
PLATER,
the
man who
has charge of putting on ship-plates.
PLATE-RAIL
a wrought-iron tram rail, in section like an unequal angle-iron, the base being three inches wide by half inch thick, the enclosed angle slightly obtuse and with short heel projecting so as to give greater support to the side on which it is laid. The upper side, standing two inches higher than the plate, served as flange or guide to the tram wheels, which were themselves plain discs without any flanges. See PLATES.
\
PLATES,
colliery
sometimes called tram-plates, the rails on which trams are run. The rails used on our railway lines are still known by the workmen as plates, and platelayer has become the general term for the man who lays and maintains
"
bless the man wi' peace and plenty, furst invented metal plates ! Draw out his years to .five times twenty, Then slide him through the heevenly gates."
the lines.
God
That
Pitman's Pay, 1827, pt.
ii.,
v. 70.
542
a splashy mess.
PLATTER, SPLATTER,
in use.
Both forms are

for a
PLAY,
the cessation of work. period the men are said to play.
When work
is
stopped
PLAYLAKE, PLAYLAKIN,
a toy, a plaything. " Here's a nice playlakin aa've brout ye." Playlakin, idling, spending time in play instead of work.
to offer resistance.
PLAY-PA, PLAY-PEW, PLAY-PEEP,

"
'He ne'er played pauw,' he did not so much as stir. Transferred to one who cannot make the slightest exertion. To play one's Paws, to act
the part which belongs to one." Jamieson, under Paw. " He darna Peep, a feeble sound. To play peep, to utter such a sound play peep, he dares not let his voice be heard." Jamieson, under Peep.
' :
" His neck in twa the Armstrangs wrang, Wi" fute or hand he ne'er played pa I life and his keys at anes they ha'e taen, His And cast his body ahint the wa'."
Jock
"
o' the
Syde.
Though crook'd, se crabb'd and fierce was Nyen durst play peep agyen her power."
she,
T. Wilson, Polly Teohnic, 1840.
PLEEN,
to complain.
"
" Hoots: yor elwis pleenin aboot some;
thin' or another."
Aw
They pleen o' hunger if it comes a week o" wet wonder what they de wiv aa the brass they In Spenser the form
is plight.
get."
p. 87.
Geo. Chatt, Old Farmer, poems, 1866,
PLEET,
a fold.
Compare
the
local forms neet,

light, bright. " Purfled
reet, seet, leet, breet, etc.,
for night, right, sight,

Faerie Queen,
26.
upon with many a folded plight.'
2, iij.,
PLENISHIN,
plenishin
household furniture. gyen by."

a plait. hair for me."
;
" Thor's a cairt load
o'
PLET,
i' plets" " fowerthree-a-//^," " a-plet," five-a-plet," etc., refer to plaits of three, four, and five strands respectively. To plet in walking is to lift the legs " " He throws one over the other awkwardly. plets his feet in walking. To clinch, or double over the point of a nail on the inside to prevent its withdrawal. "Aa want a hunder nails the kind that'
to plait
"
She had her hair deun

"
"Plet
maa
The terms
PLET-ROPE,
BAND.
a rope of hay, a plaited rope.
See BURDEN-
543
PLEUGHT, PLOUTE,
"Jack Roe was
hissel."
sittin'
a long walking-stick.
etc., ed. 1850, p.
wiv his leg pletted cure his yekpleught, warmin*
n.
"
ploute
a long walking-stick, generally used (with the thick end

Brocket*.
downward) by foot-hunters."
PLISH-PLASH, PLITCH-PLATCH, PLISH-FORPLASH, SPLISH-SPLASH,

"
in a splashing
manner.
Thomas
Here cums little Andra Karr, plishplash throw the Bewick, The Howdy. " She held her breathe wyth anxious care, And thought it all a dreame But an eiry nicher she heard i' the linne,
;
clarts."
And a plitch-platch
in the streime."
James
Telfer, 1824, The Gloamyne Buchie.
PLOAD, PLODE
11
[N.]
to wade.
i'
Fither '11 hammer ye for pleading Alnwick Language.
the broad witter."
J.
L. Luckley,
PLOAT, PLOTE, PLOT,

also to fleece a dupe.
in chorus
:
At the
to pluck out the feathers of a bird first fall of snow, children sing
;
"
Keelmen keelmen, ploat yor geese
Caad days an winter

1
neets." Newcastle Rhyme.
"
The aad wives i' the east they're plotin their geese, An' sendin a the white feathers ti me." West Tyne version.
1
"
The
An
folk i the eas' is plotin their geese, sendin their feathers ti huz." Alnwick version.
"The aad
wives i' Scotland is ploatin thor geese, An' sendin thor feathers here." Northern version.
PLOAT, PLOT,
To dip a finger in hot to apply hot water. water in order to ease the pain caused by a bruise. " To causes the hair plote a pig is to pour scalding water upon it, which Brockett. to come off, and makes it easier to scrape."
to wade in water with shoes and Compare PLOWD, PLOAD.
PLODGE,
stockings
off.
"Where oft we've plodg'd wivoot wor shoes." James Horsley, The Craw's Nest, 1889. " Yen day she plodg'd to catch a duck." J. P, Robson, Hamlick.
Bards of
the Tyne, 1849, p. 148.
544
PLOO,
[S.] a plough [N.] PLUF, [N. and S.] to plough. A lang ploo is a long metalled plough A half-lang ploo is a used principally for plouging lea. A drill ploo is used moderate sized one for general use. A little for raising and splitting drills and potato raising. ploo, or ribbin ploo, is used for "ribbing" land for seed sowing and for working and cleaning the land amongst drill crops. Ploo-cootev (or coulter), the Ploo-bridle, the head of a plough. knife-shaped cutter which is fixed into the beam in front. Ploo-paddle, or ploo-spyed, the little spade used for scraping the earth from a plough. Ploo-stilts, the shafts which carry the handles. Ploo-shun, the plough shoes or race clouts that is, the two bars of iron on the bottom of a plough. Ploo-sock, the share or pointed end of a plough it is fitted on to the ploo-sheth, and is removable so that it can be fettled or sharpened. Ploo-tail, the rear of a plough. Ploo-day, a day given gratuitously to a farmer who has newly entered on a farm. The neighbours on all sides send in their teams and ploughs to help in the first ploughing. The horses are decked with rosettes and gaily-coloured ribbons for the occasion, and the hinds are entertained to a substantial dinner by the farmer. See BOON -DAY.
,
, ; , ;
PLEW
PLEUF
PLOO
PLOOK, PLUKE,
PLOP,
a pimple blotchy on the face.

to drop or plump The sound made by a
is
plooky or plooky-fyess'd, pimpled,
into water.
" He plopt ower heed." stone falling into water, or the drop,
drop of water
called a plop.
PLOTING-HOT,
scalding hot.
Brocket*.
See PLOAT,
2.
PLOUGH,
PLOUTE,
a custom variously called full-plough, fool-plough,
white-plough, stot-plough.
a long walking-stick.
to
See PLEUGHT.
or mire
to be engaged in going clumsily or lazily.
;
PLOUTER,
wade through water

Brockett.
any dirty work. See PLUT.
Plouterin>
PLOWD,
to wade, especially to wade in mire. Plodge is generally used for wading in water plowd for wading in mud. "He's been plodgin i' the wetter aall day." " Leuk at him plowdin through the clarts."
;
PLOY,
a game, a prank, a lightsome employment.
545
FLUFF,
Pluffin
to puff, to emit a short, sharp blast from the mouth. peas is the act of blowing peas out of the mouth by a short, sharp blast. Pluffer, a tube used as a pea-shooter.
PLUG AND FEATHER,
a long wedge driven between two other wedges with their thick ends placed in an opposite direction. It is also called stob, stock, or stook and feather, or The plug and feather was introduced into coal fox wedge. mining by Mr. G. C. Greenwell in 1869. It had been from See Archaologia ALliana, early times used in lead mining.
vol.
i.,
p. 185.
PLUGMAN,
PLUM,
solid,
the
man
in
charge of a
pit
pumping
engine.
Mining Glossary, 1852.

heavy, sad
as bread or land.
PLUNGER-LIFT, the
PLUT, FLUTTERS, "
"
useless plut
set of pipes
attached to a forcing pump.

" She's a greet
a term of contempt.
windy
(said of an ungainly, slovenly, and dirty woman). Plutterin, plouterin, plut," a noisy, useless person.
lazily.
going on clumsily and
See PLOUTER.
POA-POA,
the call to a turkey. a scar caused

,
POCK-ARR,
fretten, pock-markeet "
by small-pox. marked by small-pox.
Pock-brocken, pock-
Aye, but he's a bonny lad, As ever ye did see,
Tho' he's sair pock-bracken, An' he's blind of an e'e."

Song, The Waggoner.
POCK-MANTEL, PORTMANTLE,
POD,
a complaint to
pot-bellied.
a portmanteau.
liable.
Pod-belleet,
which young rabbits are See POD-KITE.
POD-KITE,
say
a big belly, a glutton.
See KITE.
PODLIE, PODLER, names by

fish are
which the young
of the coal-
known
the very young,
at various stages of growth, podlie being See and podler a more advanced stage.
POODLER.
PO-HEED, POW-HEED,
a tadpole*
See POW-HEED.
546
a
silly, a' his
;
!
POIND,
inactive person as " Hout he was aye a days." Jamieson. Poind occurs in the name puir poind applied to one of two monoliths which stood near Shafto Crags. They were known as the "poind and his man." One only of these now remains.
POINT-SKEETS,
terminating
guides or conductors in a pit shaft,
below the opening at bank and above the opening at the bottom of the shaft where the tubs are changed. W. E. Nicholson, Gloss, of Coal Trade Terms, 1888.
POISON-BARRIES, PUZZEN-BARRIES,
the
the
berries
of
rowan REDDENS.
"
tree
or
mountain
ash, Pyrus aucuparia.
See
POKED,
offended.
sare poked.'
1
He was
Brockett.
POKE-HORSE,
41
a pack horse. Lead ore was formerly transported from the mine to the smelt mill in pokes, carried by galloways on the top of a wood saddle. Bring all the Poke-horses that trespasse upon the ffell into the comon
pinefold."
Gateshead Church Books, 1669.
POKE-PUDDIN,
" Here's
a pudding boiled in a bag. " Mair poke nor " is a proverb which puddin; mair cloot nor dinner expresses the formula "more show than substance."
Wheat-meal and Sewet, we'll have a Poak-puddin, Put a neef-fow o' Prunes in't and make it a geud ane." G. Stuart, Joco-Serious Discourse, 1686,
p. 4.
POKY,
inquisitive. farrant, poky bit lad."
" He's a poky chep that."
" He's an aad
POLIN,
a sharp-pointed stake, driven above the head-tree, in lead mining, where the roof is of a soft or loose nature.
spoilt grain
POLLARDS,
ground
for pig feeding.
PONY-PUTTER,
in
collieries,
from the working places to the
flat
the lad who brings the tubs with a pony. Nicholson.
POODLER,
old.
the coalsay, or coal-fish,
when about
saith,
three
months
are
Loch Fyne they are called known as billets. See COALSAY.

In They
increase
and
at
Whit by they
11
called poodlers."
by September to one foot in length, and are then Rambles in Northumberland, etc., Stephen Oliver, the
p. 23.
Younger (Mr. Chatto), 1835,
547
POOEY, PUOY, PUY, POWEY, POY, " "

men
to
set
the pole used by keelor push the keel along. Standing at the bow of the keel, the man rapidly thrusts his pooey down to the bottom of the river, where a small fork holds it in the sand. He then lays the upper end against his shoulder, and puts his whole strength into play. As the keel moves under him the keelman steps along the side, pushing continuously with his shoulder until he passes to the stern of the vessel, where he instantly recovers his upright position, and at the same moment jerks his pooey from its "had" on the river bottom, and walks rapidly to the bow again to repeat the same In North Northumberland, kent is the name for a operation. boat propelling pole. On the Tyne, a very long pooey and a shorter one were used to suit the varying depth of water.
" New Poy, the pole used by rope dancers to stay themselves with." World of Words, 1706. " Next comes a skipper bold, he'll do his part right weel A clever blade, I'm told, as ever poy'd a keel." Sword Dancers' Song. Richardson's Table Book, Leg. Div., vol. i., p. 210.
;
POOKED,
symptom
having a protuberance or of a disease in sheep.
bag under the jaw
the
POOMER, POONCER,
"
Hence applied
Ma
a bouncer, anything large or inflated. to an untruth. "That's a poomer, onnyway." wordy, that's zfooncer" (said of a huge trout).
POOR-ROBIN,
POOSE,
to
the flower red bartsia, Bartsia

thrust.
odontites.
push or
See POWSE.
FOOT
nest."
" Thor's five raa foots? the are called raa gorlins. The coot Tyneside they (Fulica atra, L.) is called the bell-foot or bald-poot. Compare
[N.], an unfledged bird.
On
POWT.
POOT,
little,
insignificant.
Applied to persons.
" He's a
little
black foot."
POOTHER,
Used
" He wis a' to dust. foother'd ower wi' meal." also as a cant term. To "pepper" or discomfit an
"
adversary in a conflict. at a snowball contest).
We ga them
a fine pootherin'
"
(said
POP,
a fop.
Popfish, foppish.
POPPLE,
the corn-cockle, Lychnis githago, L.
548
to
POPPLE,
POR,
pop
11
or drop. His een was like to 've poppled out." G. Stuart, Joco-Serious Discourse, 1686,
p. 45.
a poker.
PORDY, PURDY, " "

he, Jack
"
?
" Whattan sort of a chep big bellied. Oh, a little purdy body."
Hodgson MS.
was
Purdy, brosten kited fellow."
PORKY, plump
person.
"
in the person.
"A
"
porky
body
is
fat,
podgy
What
the porky gentleman."
Brockett
PORTER,
a bar used as a handle or carrier, on which a smith welds a heavy piece of work, when much manipulation is required to be done to it.
a grain porter, whose work it is to carry grain from the ship to a cart on the quay, or from the
PORTER-POKEMAN,
cart into warehouse. " He's a R. Nunn, Jocker. porter-pokeman, workin' on the quay." " The brawny porter-pokemen, bending under the sacks of grain, are seen steadily walking the springing planks laid from the deck to the quay edge." R. J. Charleton, Newcastle Town, 1885, p. 313.
POSEY,
11
decorated with floral patterns. "Aposey sampler." The pitmen's holiday waistcoats (called by them posey jackets) are
frequently of very curious patterns, displaying flowers of various dyes." Mackenzie, History of Northumberland, p. 209.
POSICAL,
POSS,
to
whimsical.
clothes. The clothes are put into a poss-iub, a strong forty or fifty gallon barrel, with an open It is partly filled with hot water, to which soap is end. added and the dirty clothes being put in are passed. This operation is performed with a poss-slick, a piece of timber with a heavy foot and stalk.
wash
which
is
POSSET.
at
"Eating the posset" a custom formerly observed

festivals.
wedding
" In to the (bridal)
chamber was brought a bowl containing a portion

;
of broken white bread soaked in white milk instead of wine, into which the marriage ring was dropped the bride and bridegroom tasted the and contents first, then the bowl was assailed by the lasses and lads whoever fished up the ring was accounted to have the best chance of being first married." Richardson's Table Booh, Legendary Division,
;
'
'
vol.
i.,
1842, p. 344.
"
The posset made she catch'd the bowl Where currant cakes in ale did roll."
The
Collier's
Wedding.
549
;
POSSY,
person.
"
short and
fat,
thick set, protuberant
applied to the
Brockett.
Powsey,
fat,
decent-looking, respectable in appearance."
POST,
sandstone of very firm, fine, compact grain but applied *' Grindstone post," the any distinct, massive bed. stratum from which Newcastle grindstones are obtained. Post-dyers, nodules in a bed of sandstone.
;
also to
"A number
Sills
burn."
Hugh
of limestone bands, or posts, will be found at the head of Miller, Geological Survey Memoir on Otterburn.
POT,
doll.
earthenware. "
etc.
pot dolly," an earthenware or porcelain "Pot door-handles," figures is made o' pot." Pottie, a marble made of fine clay, like porcelain.
"Them
POT,
the heading written at the top of the game called "beds," " hitchey dabber." It looks like a transposition " of To achieve it is to get " pot," top," as it is the top bed. and subsequent steps in the game count " one o'pot" " two o'pot," and so on.
or, locally,
POTATO-POT, TATY-POT,
oven on the top of a dish of potatoes. Northumberland.
a joint of meat baked in the A favourite dish in
POT-BAINEY,
This used to be tripe minced and seasoned. sold in the streets by measure, and the familiar cry of the street vendor was "Fine black puddins, hinney nice potIt is also called minch-meat. bainey."
: ;
POT-CLEPS, POT-KELPS,
POT-DAY,
the
fire.
pot-hooks, or hooks used for

fire.
suspending pots over the kitchen
the day on which the pot with
its
broth was set on
" On pot-days, of which Sunday is always one, flesh, broth, dumplings, and a profusion of vegetables form a kind of family feast." Mackenzie,
History of Northumberland, vol.
i. f
1825, p. 201.
POT-HOLES,
common name for the circular depression line of outcrop of a limestone stratum.
the
circular holes in a rocky stream bed, worn out by the swirl and scour of pebbles or gravel driven violently round and round in a depression of the rocks during floods " " also the sinking lines on limestone hills. is Swally-hole
;
found along the
POT-METAL,
cast-iron.
55
or
POT-PIE,
SEA-PIE,
beef cut up into squares, encased in
dough and boiled
in a pot.
POT-STONES,
roofs of mines.
cone-shaped masses of stone, met with in the See CAULDRON-BOTTOMS.

a coarse earthenware pot, with a handle.
POTTINGER,
Brockett.
Old fashioned surgeries and apothecaries' shops had these pots, which were highly glazed and perforated
through the handle.
POUCE,
"
nastiness.
Compare POUSOWDY.
Brockett.
Poucy, untidy, all in a litter."
POUSOWDY,
in cookery.
hotchpotch, disorderment, a heterogeneous dish
POUT-PUNCH,
in mining, a tool used by the deputies in drawing timber out of a dangerous place. It is either used as a ram to knock the props down, or to draw them out after they have been knocked down. Greenwell, Gloss, of Coal
Trade, 1849.
POVERTY-ENGINE,
the tea kettle. So called from increasing use of tea in place of milk and oatmeal.
to
the
POW,
move with
"
difficulty.
He
can hardlies pow
"
hardly put one
foot before the other.
POW-HEED,
a tadpole. Also the bird reed bunting, variously called Hack bunting, coal hood, and rasher cap. See PO-HEED.
POWLED-OFF, made drunk.

" If there's ony left that sees When Willy's tap runs thinnish, Let them be powl'd off at The Keys, Or at the Black Horse finish."
T. Wilson, Oiling of Dicky's Wig.
POWSE,
"
to strike.
Compare POOSE.
squall."
J.
Peg powsed thor jaws and myed them
P. Robson, The
Horrid
War
i'
Sandgyet, 1851.
POWT
[N.]
a pullet.
See Poor.
55!
POWTLE, POWTEL, PORTLE, "

powtellin
to poke. What are ye powtel about a burn side "is to poke in order to start trouts from their hiding places. To poke searchingly or playfully about any loose substance. Young pigs enjoy themselves when powtellin among loose straw. To powtel a fire is to stir the ashes out of it. "Then neist it raised its note and sang, Sae wytchingly and sweet The moudies powtelt out o' the yirth
at?"
To
And
kissed the singer's feet."
The Gloamyn Buchte.
POWTLE,
PREEK,
to
work
feebly.
Wright.
a'
Powtil in Halliwell.
wi' ribbons an' laces."
Preen-cod,
to adorn.
[N.'J
,
" She's
f reeked up
a'
PREEN
a pin.
" Thor's
preen on the floor."
a pincushion.
See COD.
to
PREESE, FREEZE,
PRESSER,
cupboard.
press inwardly from

strains.
pain in the
region of the bowels, as
when one
See THREAST.
a press or clothes closet usually a large movable Presser-bed, a press-bed, a folding-up bed, made to
;
imitate a presser
when
closed.
PRESSGANG,
PRICK,
"
a group of romping children.
to ride, to gallop. (Obs.) August 7, 1522. Twenty Scots pricket at the horse at Alwinton and were attacked by fourteen Englishmen." Letter of Philip Dacre, from
Harbottle Castle,
PRICKER,
used
a thin pointed rod made of yellow metal, and and adjusting a blasting cartridge, which it perforates and remains embedded in till the stemming has been tamped round it. When withdrawn, it leaves a touch hole through which the cartridge is fired. A " stemmer," also of yellow metal, is a complimentary tool which accompanies a pricker. Hence "pricker and stemmer" are usually spoken of together.
for placing
PRICKING,
the hewer."
thin
layer of soft
coaly shale, often found
between the bottom of a seam of coal and the regular floor. " It is used to " prick in in kirving and is advantageous to
Greenwell.
PRICKY-BOARD, "
board."
a nice point. " When it He'll no' come up to pricky-board"
comes
that
is,
to prickywill not
stand testing.
552
to
PRIG,
cheapen in bargaining. yor price, mind."

to
" He's be sure to prig doon
PRIME, When
pump
pour water into a pump bucket to make it lift. bucket becomes dry and leaky and fails to
it is
induce suction,
said to have lost ilsprimin.
PRINCE'S-FEATHERS,
It is
very
common
the self-heal, Prunella vulgaris, L. in grassy places. It is also called heart o'
the
yearth.
PRINKLIN,
said to
the stinging sensation caused by interruption of the circulation in a part of the body, as when the place is
"go
to sleep."
PROD,
a stick to drive anything out of its hiding place or hold, as fish from under a stone. Hodgson MS. A thrust with the " Aa point of a stick. gav him a prod i' the back." Prod, a small piece of bread or cheese, as much as can be stuck on the point of a knife. " Gi's just a prod o' yor cheese." Prod, to stick, stab, or wound also to probe. Hodgson MS.
;
See PROG.
PROG,
wuv
the prickle of a thorn, whin, etc.
PROG, PROGUE
a needle."
" Aa've prog'd me thoom a pin ti' prog in." game A few pictures or coloured papers are placed at random within the leaves of a book, the owner of which charges one pin for each chance at the game. The pin is progged in between the leaves by the player. Progger, a butcher's stabbing knife. Proggk, a prick, a prickle, as the spine of a hawthorn, thistle, etc. Proggle, to prick, a variant of prog. "The whin busses wis proggly gan through, Proggly, prickly.
[N.]
to prick.
child's
is
called
aa can tell ye "The gully, the

!
"
progger,
and
steel."
W.
J.
Midford, Hangman and
the
Calf, 1849.
"Thro
puils, 'cross progly ditches."
P. Robson, Hamlick.
PROOD,
"A
proud, bold.
of coal
Brockett.
is
seam
said to be proud
when
its
section
is
higher than
ordinary."
PROP-MELL,
drawing
coal
slip
;
pit
a mell, or maul, used in setting up or withprops in a mine.

to ascertain
PROVE, PREAVE,
when
it
the position of a
seam
of
or (to
has been thrown downwards or upwards by a ascertain) the nature of the strata in a district
Gveenwell.
by boring or sinking.
553
PRY, PRYE,
a name given to several grasses. When "spret" gets old and hard, the bottom only is eaten by sheep, and it The Poa trivialis, or rough-stalked meadow is called pry. grass, also called forked grass, the Holcus lanatus, or midge grass, and the Carex panicea, with other species of Carex, are all of them included as pry grasses. Sir W. Elliot, Hist, of Bu>ks. Nat. Club, vol. viii., p. 454, note.
PRY,
the
woody
full,
variety of coal in the Shilbottle seam.
PUBBLE,
PUDDIN,
plump
usually spoken of corn or fruit

Brockett.
in
opposition to fantome.
in the
undue displacement of game of see-saw the " " Gi's a bit mair means let me have a puddin "To give the craa a puddin," to fall longer leverage. suddenly in worldly position or estate. See PUTTY.
the balance.
PUDDIN-WIFE,
At
pig-killing
it
puddin- wife, " innards " of the portions of the pig.
a professional or expert pudding maker. was formerly usual to call in the services of a who had skill in dressing the various edible
PUDGEN-DUCKET
cot.
[N.],
PIGEON DUCKET,
and toads.
a pigeon-
PUD-REDD, the spawn PUEST. See PIEUST.
of frogs
PUFFY-DUNTER,
PULIN,
a porpoise.
;
in a poor, weakly way said of the health or of any" " It's thing that is indifferent. applied to rain pulin on that is said sometimes to be "spittin," not falling in regular and heavy showers, but in continuous dribble. " He' ye had " ony snow i' yor pleyce ?" Wey it's oney been pulin on."
PULKE,
"The
probably the same as
bulk, a partition. Will of Alice Carr, standing pulke in the hall."

vol.
iii.,
See BULK.
May
31, 1596.
Richard Welford, Hist, of Newcastle,
p. 105.
PULL,
to row.
;
Pull, a
row
in
a boat.
Puller, a
boat rower,
an oarsman but usually applied to a professional rower. " Noo there's Bob Chambers and Harry Clasper,
Nee two
in a boat they
can pull faster."
George Ridley (d. 1864), Blctydon Keelman. " He oft wad steal a boat away, And gan an hev a pull.'' George Ridley, Chambers.
554
PULLER-BACK,
a short rope passed from snout to snout of a tram (in a pit) and used in that position as a handle when off the road.
pull by main force. Pully-haaly, Thor wis a reg'lar pully-haaly"
to PULLY-HAAL, "
a struggle,
gat clear oot
a scrimmage.
" Aa the rest on uz pnlly-haulin and kicking till the baa amang them." D. D. Dixon, Shrovetide Customs at Roth bury.
PUNCH-PROP,
in mining, a short prop set upon the top of a crowntree, or balk, where the roof has coved or fallen and does not bear evenly on the crowntree. Also a short prop about fourteen or fifteen inches long, placed by a hewer under his sump or back end, when there is any danger of its dropping down before he has got it kirved sufficiently far.
Greenwell.
"
Punch, thick and short, as
'
a punch creature.'
"
Jamieson.
PUOY,
a keelman's pole.
See POOEY.
PURDY.
PURL,
See PORDY.
to play a marble by holding it between the tip of the It is done as a preliminary to forefinger and the thumb. certain games in order to settle precedence. By purlin the marble nearest the mark a player obtains first turn. Or he " " wins the when marbles are played for in this way. purl The game is called purley. Purl, to twist between finger and thumb. Horsehair is purled thus in making snares for bird-catching in winter. Compare SHIRL.
Purlicue, the space enclosed ' purlicue is a marbles. Brockett.
"
'
Spang and a "
by the extended measure allowed
fore-finger and thumb. in a certain game at
PURR,
sea-lark,
the dunlin, Pelidna cinclus, L. It is also called stint and the latter name being also applied to the ring dotterel.
PURSE
(pronounced parse), a fragment of coal that has cracked and flown from the fire-grate. If it is of rounded shape and clinks as it cools it is supposed to be a purse with money in it, and it augurs fortune to the person who picks it up. If, on the contrary, it is an oblong splinter and emits no sound, " it is a coffin," and portends evil.
PURY,
a foot-stalk or projecting spur used to steady or stand a vessel upon. There are three purys at the bottom of a yetlin for it to stand on.
PUSHION-BERRY.
See PUZZEN-BARRIES.
555
PUT,
abscess
as in the sensation when an throb forming and the pulsations are felt in the inflamed " Me hand's putting an' aa's flaid it's gan ti beeld." part. "A puttirf pain" pain felt at each pulsation. Put, to
to
palpitate, to
;
is
vegetate, as
when a plant begins to show the first sign of see it's aall reet it's puffin" Put, to push, to In thrust forward. To put a stone is to thrust it forward. doing this the hand is held up over the shoulder and the stone is laid on the flat palm. slight bending of the knees and a quick recovery of the upright position enables the thrower to put the stone forward with great force. To put a tram is to propel it. To propel a keel with a powey is called To put the door or to put to the door is to to put or to set. " See that the door's put to." push it close. "Put the door." to thrust or hold back. Put-down, to put to death. Put-back, horse or dog are said to be put-down they are not said To put oneself doon is to commit to be killed or destroyed. To put-on, in mining, is to overlie. suicide. Put-on, dressed. The on-put is the overlay of beds, etc., above an outcrop. See "The limestone puts-out." ON-PUT. Put-out, to crop out. " Aa'll Put-ower, to tide over, to survive. try to put-ower till " "He'll not put-ower the neet Christmas." (said of one in the payment of the fortnight's the last extremity). Put-pay, wages delayed until after the usual day. Nicholson. Putter, in mining, the man who conveys coal from the hewer to the The putters put or push the tram forward from behind. flat. Putter has become applied to anyone who conveys the coal from the face to the flat or station whence it is hauled by Hence hand-putter and pony-putter, the latter engine-power. being the lad who drives where ponies are used in bringing out the coal from the working place to the flat. Putters are also called barrowmen. Put-through, to get through with effort. " If aa oney put-through this job aa'll be reet eneuf." Puttinhewer, in mining, a young hewer who is liable to be called upon to put if necessary. Puttin -ponies, ponies ten or eleven hands high, used in substitution for putters or barrowmen.
buds.
"Aa
Compare PONY-PUTTER.
"I have heard of Iron Frames that have been used Quick Sands." J.C., Compleat Collier, 1708, p. 21.
"
to put back these
May,
1589.
Alice Stokoe, the 13
May
buried.
She was servant to
Thomas Hodgson, butcher, and did put down herselfe in her maistor's house in her own belt." Brand, Hist, of Newcastle, vol. i., p. 674.
" 1564. This yeare Partrage was put downs for coyninge fals monnye in the Great Innes in Pilgrame Streat." Can MS. R. Welford, Hist, oj Newcastle in XVI. Century, p. 397.
"
He
likes to see
ye wesl put on."
James Horsley, A New
Start for '81.
556
"He trusted to put ouer this (illness)." Deposition Welford, Hist, of Newcastle in XVI. Century, p. 379.
in 1562.
Richard
" Quick-Sands (if not too thick) are often put through by Deals or Timber." J.C., Compkat Collier, 1708, p. 21. "
They put the

Ev'ry
full
Curves of Coals." J.C., Compkat
Collier, 1708, p. 36.
"
man and mother's son Lay down the pick and start
Every day,
for
to put." T. Wilson, Pitman's Pay, 1827,
ii.,
v. 47.
"
mony a
pay,
i.,
Aa've hewed and putten twee and twenty." The same,
52.
"A heedsman,
And
then, they myed efter that a.pitttin-hewer."
me
suin,
ii.,
The same,
v.
72.
PUTTY,
In carrying a leverage, the balance or trim put out. weight with a pole, shoulder height, should the balance be unduly pressed on one side, the labourer will say to the one with the longer purchase, " Ye've ower much putty on." See
PUDDIN.
PUZZEN-BARRIES,
nightshade
;
Berries of the woody the berries of the mountain ash, which are popularly supposed to draw the entrails together. See REDDENS.
poison berries.
also
commonly applied
to
PUZZLY-O'S,
is
a child's game, called also " *'s and 0's." The to get three o's in line between or along the limbs object of a cross. The player begins with marking an 0, and the and thus the play opponent places an x in front of it
;
continues,
each
marking
alternately,
;
until
three
0's
are
brought in line, or until all the nine spaces are filled. In the former case o has won in the latter x has prevented o, and has himself won.
PYESSY-NEW, new
at the
Easter time.
On
Easter Sunday
(Paste or Pyest-egg Day) some new article of clothing must be worn, otherwise the birds in flying overhead will testify against the wearers of pyessy-aad by spattering the clothes of the offender.
PYIN,
went pyin a boot."
prying, looking about with a sneaking curiosity.
"
He
PYREY,
springy applied to a bed of stone from which water springs as "pyrey post," etc.
; ;
QUADDLE,
to boil
pot's qnaddlin
and bubble, as water or broth. on the hud."
"
The
557
QUARL, QUAREL,
burnt
fire-clay.
usually square, made of are included sizes up to twelve inches long by six inches wide. Above this area it is called a quarl or tile. a flag or
tile,
Under the term "brick"
QUARRY-BRAE,
quarry face;
its
the descent to a quarry. Quarry-fyess, the perpendicular side. Quarry-hole, a disused quarry. Compare PIT-HOLE. Quarry -post, sandstone suitable for building purposes.
QUARTER-ILL,
young
its
a disease among cattle, especially among It is cattle, affecting them in one limb or quarter. generally fatal. At the birth of a calf, salt is sprinkled on
back, and an egg shell and all thrust down its throat. Sometimes a sort of invocation or incantation is mumbled " And over a newly-calved calf, the last few words being thoo ken nee mair o' the quarter-ill nor aa ken whether may
:
thoo's a bull or a quey."
QUAY,
the raised terrace' at the side of a street
as in
High
These quays have nearly all gone in Gateshead. modern street improvements; but " Perkin's Quay" and " " Busyburn Quay yet remain.
Street,
QUAYSIDE-UMBRELLA,
a swill or kind of basket, formed of unpeeled willows, which is generally carried on the head When the weather is wet of a certain class of females. and the basket empty, they invariably wear it topsy-turvy hence its proverbial Newcastle name. Proverbial Folk Lore of
:
Newcastle,
by M.A.D., 1855,
p. 12.
QUEEN, QUINE,
It is used in complimentary a woman. " a manner in the following forms " A good leukin queen " She's a jâwl, young woman of prepossessing appearance
: ;
spankin queen" a strong, active girl; "A sonsy queen" a plump damsel. By inversion, queen is used sometimes as a term of opprobrium. " She's a queen, noo, an' nee mistake." "Thou old wizzen-kited quine."
W.
Kelly, Teetotallers of the Tyne, 1854,
QUEEN-OF-THE-MEADOW, meadow sweet,
Spiraa ulmaria.
QUEEN'S-CUSHION,
commonly
a method of carrying a person; practised in a children's game, but not unfrequently
used in ambulance work. "Of two persons each grasps
his right wrist with his left hand, and with the other lays hold of his neighbour's wrist, so as to form a seat of On these the person to be carried four hands and wrists conjoined. seats himself, or is seated by others, putting his arms, for greater security, round the necks of the bearers. "Jamieson.
558
a postage stamp.
QUEEN'S-HEED,
QUEEN'S-PLAY,
SPEECH.
the truce called in boys' play.
See KING'S-
QUELL,
1490.
probably a muffle.
" Robert Postell, for a qweyll to the
Centuries, p. 397.
little bell,
6d."
Accounts of
Churchwardens oj Gateshead.
Richard Welford,
Hist, of Newcastle in
XIV.
and
XV.
QUEY, QUY,
calf is a young cow that has not had a calf. The spelling of this word with an either a bull or a quey. initial q is similar to the old Northern usage found in quhile
for while, quhen for for
when,
quilk for whilk, quig for
whig, quhair
(hw).
where, words
"
now spoken with an
aspirated
1628.
See
WHYE.
Stealeing of two kine and two quies."
i.,
Archaologia JEliana,
vol.
p. 157.
QUICK,
alive, alert.
See WHICK.
QUICKENS,
the roots of weeds, especially those of the couch or twitch-grass, Triticum repens, Linn. The latter is also known as fanny-grass and wrack. See WHICKENS.
the mountain ash.
QUICKEN-TREE,
See ROWAN-TREE.
QUICK-HEDGE.
See WHICK-HEDGE.
plants for
QUICKS, young hawthorn

Usually known as whicks.
planting
hedgerows.
QUIG, QUICK,
"
Jan., 1704." pp. 240-1.
a Nonconformist.
in
was thus formerly applied

Henry Hutson buiried
1708.
Newcastle.
The term whig See WHIG.
or quig
in the Quick's buring plas in Sidgatt, 22nd "Quigs buring p\as."Archaologia JEliana, vol. xiii.,
QUOIT,
the ball used in the game of " trippet and quoit" It of wood, of lignum vitae by preference and hence usually called a liggv. Balls made of white glazed earthenware are now used, and still retain their name of
was formerly made
Northumberland as " horse shoes," from the circumstance that old shoes are often used as substitutes for quoits.
See TRIPPET. The game of quoits itself, in which circular iron rings are pitched at a " hob," is also known in
liggies.
QUOT,
QUOT,
quit, let go.
"
Quot yor had
"let
go your hold.
a coat.
See KWOAT.
559
QUOTTER.
RAA,
"
See COTTER.
" Frenchman's
The
of houses. Pit Raa" " The
row
Raa"
"
Quality
Raa"
Back Raa"
etc.
RAA-GORLIN, RAA-GORBIT
[W.-T.] RAA-POOT [T.] nest without feathers.
,
[N.],
for a
ROW-GORLIN
young bird
in the
terms
RAB,
"
the broken and shivered stone in a quarry.

Raab, a mass of rock fallen from a
cliff."
Jamieson.
RABBLEMENT,
Often used a tumultuous crowd, a mob. " Wad contemptuously in speaking of people. ye hev onny" thing te de wi' sic rabblement as thor ?
a range or series.
RACE,
"A
race of pits."
RACE-CLOUTS,
plough.
the iron plates on the bottom of a
wooden
Hodgson
MS.
RACK, WRACK,
weed heap.
digitata is
"Rack heap sea-weed, field weeds. Sea- weed is also called sea-ware. The Laniinaria Compare WASSAL. specially known as May-weed.
"a
RACK,
cart.
a track.
"A
hillsides.
"A cart rack" the trace or wheel marks of a sheep rack" the path made by sheep along the Compare RAKE, i.
RACK, RATCH,
"
a streak of colour, a streak of drifting clouds, " Bill a straight line or reach of navigable river. rack," " Hebburn rack" " The rack" are reaches of the
Lang
Tyne.
The keelman's dues
What
And
they sud hev
tiv iv'ry rack, for coals browt
back,
lyin' tides, just tiv
a plack,
Knew Faddy.
in
T. Wilson, Keelman's Tribute, 1838.
RACK, RACK-RIDER,
part of the country
1835, p. 131.
the
name
Redesdale
for
the
brandling trout. "There are a good many brandling
trouts or pars
called racks in this
caught in the Reed."
Rambles in Northumberland,
RACKAN, RACKAN-CRUK, RACKIN-CRUCK, a pot-hook

or chain
and hook RANNEL-BALK.
for
suspending pots over a
fire.
Compare
560
a stress, a struggle as in violent exertion. " This was wark for tryin mettle; Here every tuil his level fand.
Sic tussels nobbit pluck could settle, For nowse less could the racket stand." T. Wilson, Pitman's Pay, 1827, pt.
v. 63.
RA CKET,
ii.,
RACKLE,
rash, violent, headstrong. " Eneugh like this aw've heerd thro life For ev'rybody hez a plan Te guide a rackle, ram-stam wife, Except the poor tormented man."
1
pt.
i.,
v. 66.
RACKLE,
RICKLE.
a loose heap.
" He's oney a rackle
o'
byens."
See
RADGY,
RAE,
lewd, wanton.
the wild roe. "'As wild as the
rae' is
a well-known Border phrase."
Dr. Hardy,
Bwks. Nat. Club,
vol. ix., p. 454.
RAFF,
"
miscellaneous, odd-and-end, unclassified.
3d. for every last of flax, hemp, pitch, tar, or any other goods or raff Charter to Trinity House, Newcastle. Welford, wrires, rated by the last." Hist, of Newcastle, vol. iii., p. 175.
RAFF, RAFF,
Raff-yaird
timber, especially in boards and kinds ready for use. timber yard. Raff-mar chant limber merchant.
riff-raff.
dissolute or idle people,
"'Raff,' abundance, a great quantity, a great number. Brockett. fellows,' a great many men." " His better half, all fire and tow, Called him a slush his comrades raff." T. Wilson, Pitman's Pay, 1826, pt.
'A
raff of
i.,
v. 39.
RAFFETY,
as "Raffety
irregular, applied by sinkers to stratified deposits, brown post." Compare SCAFFY.
RAFFLE,
to entangle, to
bamboozle.
Compare ROPPLE.
Song, The
" Pee-dee ran to clear the anchor, It's raffled,' right loudly he roared."
Little P.D., 1805.
"
'Twad
raffle
a magistrate."
Newcastle saying.
RAFFLING,
to one
idle,
raffles
who
raffling
worthless, dissolute. It is especially applied or confuses everything he takes in hand.

Brockett.
"A
chap."
561
RAFFS,
Raffy, coarse in texture and large strayed yets thame" (said of oats bulky " and coarse in the straw). Anything light and " fozy is said
long, coarse straws.
in bulk.
"Lang
vaffy
to be vaffy.
RAG,
warned a company
to tease, to vex. of
thus: " Divvent rag us when aa's i' drink, or aa'll mebby hort some on ye." Also to rate soundly, to scold. Raggin, " He a scolding. gat a rare raggin ower the job."
A harmless old man in Coquetdale companions, who were teasing him,
RAG-AND-CHAIN-PUMP,
or RAG-PUMP, an old and obsolete form of mining pump. The ordinary form of this consists of an endless chain which in its upward movement At short intervals circular iron plates are travels in a pipe. attached and carry up a stream of water before them.
"
the
Sometimes a bunch of rags was substituted " name of the

'
rag-and-chain-pump .'
for plates, when it took Galloway, Hist, of Coal Mining,
1882, p. 55.
RAG-BACCY,
disused.
"
shag tobacco.
Formerly a general term

some
rag baccy."
now
We went
to the grocer's to get
R. Emery, Pitman's Ramble, 1842.
RAGEOUS,
raging.
"
(Obs.)
"
!
The Rageous Pangs that I ha' tane, Wou'd e'en have bursi'n a Heart o' Stane
p. 30.
RAGGY,
people
ragged.
Irish cattle.
Raggy -backs, long-horned Lancashire and Sometimes applied as a sarcastic name for
off.
who
are not well
RAGLINS,
the slender ceiling joists of a building, which carry the lattice for plaster-work near the roof.
RAG-WELL, a well resorted to by invalids in former days. A piece of underclothing was put into it, and if it floated the
pilgrim understood that his recovery was at hand. " Near Newcastle, on the road to Benton, in my younger years, I have often observed a well with rags and tattered pieces of cloth hung upon the bushes around it. It is known, I presume, still by the name of 'The Rag Well."' Gentleman's Magazine, 1794, pt. i., p. 592.
RAID, RODE, an inroad, a Border foray. A " Warden raid" an inroad commanded by one of the Wardens of the March
in person.
" A great rode that the Scottes made upon Tynedale and Ridsdale, \\herein they took up the whole country, and did very neare beggar them for ever." Cavty to Lord JSurghley, July 2, 1595. " He ne'er shall ride a raid."
again
Old Ballad, The Fray
o'
Hautwessel
562
RAILWAY,
way,
formerly written as two words, and originally a laying down upon sleepers (dormants) two parallel wooden rails, each about four inches square.
made by
this district between the years 1632 parts of the kingdom as 'Newcastle Koads.' For long after their introduction they were knpwn by no other name. In the term railway, or, as the early writers on the subject put it, Taylor, rail-way, the original name of the wooden rail is retained." Archeology of the Coal Trade, 1852, pp. 150-80.
and
"They were probably invented in 1649, and were known in other
"The length of the rail-way on which the Impartial History of Newcastle, 1801, p. 610.
waggon runs
is
864 yards."
RAIM,
" " He raimed away like one oot iv his ye raimin on at ? just heed." Raimin, talking in a wearisome fashion, or with " He wis raimin on childish repetition, on any subject as, aboot it aal the time."
;
to talk or call fretfully
and
persistently.
"What
are
RAIN.
It is
common
*
a heavy shower summer's day."

"
to hear children calling in chorus during come another Rain, rain, gan away
;
Happy
is
the corpse that the rain rains on."
Northumberland saying.
RAIN-BIRDS,
peckers.
RAIN-FOWL,
popular names for
wood-
Brockett.
RAINDERINS,
RAIR, an
renderings, the melting and clarifying lard.

outcry, an uncouth shout.
"
skimming parts
left
after
Robin ta Bobbin he cock't up his bow An' shot at a woo'cock but hat an aad yow. The yow gav a blare, an' Robin a rair ; An' wis nivver seen mair at Stainshabank fair." West Tyne rhyme.
;
RAIR,
"
there at ? Of a cow it
" Whativver to roar, to yell, to cry loudly. " Also applied to the roaring or cry of is said, " She's rairin for her tormits."
beyond
all
is
he
rairin
an animal.
Skreem'd, and rair'd Discourse, 1686, p. 26.

"
ayme."
G. Stuart, Joco-Scvious
What make
ye thus to rant and rair." T. Donaldson, Glanton, Poems, 1809,
p. 146.
RAISE, to rouse, to vex, to madden. wad a fair killed us if he'd getten a

devil,
"
He was
us."
that raised he
Raising-the-
had on
walking Hodgson MS.
three
It
times round a church backwards. means, literally, to vex the devil.
563
RAITHER
rather, somewhat. [T.] [N. and S.] "Raythev wiv a vayther" a colloquialism expressing a faint smirch or taste of anything. "It's raithev wiv a rait her ; if onything wiv a smatch of onion aboot it."
,
RETHER
RAKE,
" It
a right of pasture, a "stray" for cattle.
Sheep-rake, a
sheep-walk.
pays
their cattle in
Compare RACK,
135. 46. to
i,
and GATE,
3.
Mr. Forster yearly for what is call'd a Rake for Tuggle Moore." MS. Survey, Lower Brunton, 1724. "Two brode waies or rakes commonly used occupied and worne with " cattal brought out of Scotland (no date). Hodgson MS.
RAKE,
cairt."
a set journey or errand.
"
He went
twee
rakes wi' the
RAKE, RAKE-VEIN
'
'
[W.-T.] in lead mining, the great or leading vein of ore, found perpendicularly, or with more or less hade or slope in the rock fissure.
,
RAKE,
day
to range. to the hills."
"
As
it
will
be rain, the cows do not rake
to-
" She's lang legg'd and mother-like, See, she's raking up the dyke, you
you hinney burd

a.''
Song,
"
you
She was raking up and down."

p. 30.
RAKE, heap small coals on the fire, that it may burn all night, practised in the North, where coals are cheap, a kitchen fire being rarely suffered to go out. Grose. It is really to rake the pile of small coals forward from the step at the back of the fire, where they are usually thrown.
to rake a fire, to
RAKER,
the leading galloway in a train of pack-horses. The horse that showed the road or rake to the string that followed in single file. When the galloways were ready, they each sagaciously endeavoured to get first at the start so as to get the raker's place. Lead was formerly brought over the fells by these trains of galloways to be smelted on Deel's Watter and in Allendale.
"Rag or Rake Words, 1706.
is
a company or herd of young colts."
New World
of
RAM,
"
foul, fetid,
a fox."
"
rank. Begox, but

;
"
it
Me pipe's varry ram." smells ram" Compare

common low
"As ram
RAMSH.
as
northern word
Todd.
and, indeed, a
expression in other
parts."
"It is probable that the word is a special application of a general term signifying originally the male of animals." Wedgwood.
564
RAMBLE, RAMELL,
earthy or stony material without Or a loose, cohesion and without regularity of texture. friable deposit of shale that shivers in working and becomes mixed with adjacent beds. Ramblin-slones, rumble-stones,
Compare TUMBLERS. Rambly, riimmle-siyens, loose stones. rammely, of the nature of ramble crumbly, disintegrated, Rambly post, gravelly. Rambly clay, clay mixed with gravel. rambly stone, shattered or disintegrated stone.
RAM EL,
"
Cott.
small tree branches,
Ramel-wood, the natural

rameM-wood."
forest.
There growyth many
MSS.
allers and other Hodgson, pt. iii., vol. 2.
Survey of Cheviot,
RAMLIN-LAD,
hobblety-hoy.
tall,
fast-growing, rambling youth
a sort of
Brockett.
RAMMELY, tall and rank. Brockett. RAMMER, a cant term for a huge, "
rammer
extremely large.
uncouth thing. "It's a pooncer or pooser, a poomer, a
whapper, a lasher, are similarly used.
RAM MY,
RAMP,
a horn or other kind of spoon.
" thout the horse'd a strain, a severe wrench. to sprain, to tear violently hissel a ramp." Ramp, gien or rampit). slip'd an' ramfd me (p.t. ramped, rampeet, " Aa've anclet." rampeet a' me back wi' loupin'." " The hunds an' hunters then cam up, The howkin it began
He
"Aa
Then Andra Robson
rampit oot Sic thunnerin stanes in blocks; the haggs and splet the craggs, He ript For that Tarsettearian Fox"
Tarsettearian Fox, 1879.
RAMP,
to eat with a gnashing sound. eatin tormits."
"
He
wis rampin an'
RAMPAGE,
the act of tearing about in a towering passion, " He turns as in the phrase " He's on the rampage." everyTo rampage, to act in a thing topsy-turvy in his rampage." fury. Rawpagious, going about furiously.
[N.]
,
RAMPER
RAMPS,
Linn.
the lamprey.
the broad-leaved garlic or ramsons, Allium ursinum, Called also wild leeks. This plant is very common in woods and thickets, and when eaten by cows it imparts its concentrated taste of onion to the milk. Hence the " description of rampy milk" or "rampy butter." " Eat Leekes in Lide, and Ramsons in May,
And
all
the year after physitians
may
play."
Old proverb.
565
RAM-RACE,
"The
bull
a charge at
full tilt.
took a ram-race at the Northumberland, 1835, p. 218.
unfortunate
man."
Rambles
in
RAMSCOOTER,
syringe
(scooter).
to
drench
with
water from a
squirt
or
RAMSH,
"
rank, foul.
See RAM.
Bailey, 1724 ed.
Ramish, that smells rank, like a ram or goat."
RAMSHACKLE, RAMSHACKLE,
ramshackled
a'
" Whees to rummage. an' thraan the things tops-a-torvy ?" thor, Also working loose, as a cranky machine does. " Ye nivver saa sic a ramshackle aad ingin i' yor life. It wis for aall the world like a scrap heap clatterin' an' jinglin." Higgledyramshackle house" a tumble-down, piggledy, disorderly.
"A
ruinous house.
RAMSTAM,
necked.
or
RAMSTRANG,
headlong, obstinate,
stiff-
RANDIBO-HOUSE,
house
;
that
is,
a questionable house. From rendezvousa house where the press-gang put up.
RANDY,
RANEY,
"
a disorderly, scolding, quarrelsome a reg'lar randy."
woman.
" She's
a Christian name, probably for Rennie or Renwick.
There wis Will, an Mat, an' Jack,

1
an' Roger, an'
Fen wick,
Bewick, The Howdy,
an' Tom, an' Raney, an' an' Jerry, an' Nanny, an' Peggy." etc., 1850, p. u.
Gwoardy,
Thomas
RANGE, RENCH,
yor mooth oot."
Range oot that pot." Compare SIND.

to rinse.
"
"
Range
is
RANK,
to mark with lines, to scratch. to scratch it. Hodgson MS.
To
" rank a table "
RANNEL-BALK, RANNEL-TREE, RANGEL-TREE, RAMEL-TREE, a tree branch stripped of its bark, but
otherwise undressed and unsquared (a peeled grain), yet to be seen in old cottage chimneys. The rackans, or pot-hooks, were hung upon it. In some arrangements, a second beam or tree is placed at right angles, one end resting on the centre of the rannel-baak and the other on a stone in the gable wall. This was called a " rackan-tree," and from it the pot-hook
was suspended.
"The cross piece of or pot-hooks are hung,
vol. iv., p. 129, note.
wood
is
in a
chimney, upon which the rackans

Archaologia JEliana,
called the randle-balk."
566
RANT,
a lively song with chorus. an ancient song with the " owerword the horses, Johnny, my lad, oh !"
"The
"
at
Collier's Rant is each verse, " Follow
"
RANTY-TANTY,
RAP,
a troublesome
weed
in cornfields.
Brocket*.
to signal to the
breaksman
at a colliery.
See RAPPER.
RAP-CHAFTS. "At
were
the house.
fairly at rapchafts"
rapchafts "-having nothing to eat. that is, we had not a bit of food in
"We
The term means to rap (or knock) the chafts (jaws) together without any food between them.
down
"
RAPE, REAP,
tying
a rope. used for Wine-rape, a wain rope hay, straw, and corn on a cart. See Tow.
;
;
The Halter
lang they canno' Scape They'll hang themsel's gi' them but Raip." G. Stuart, Joco-Serious Discourse, 1686, p. 43.
RAPPER,
a knocker, also a lever at the top of a shaft or inclined plane, to one end of which a hammer is attached, and to the other a line or rapper-rope, communicating with the bottom of the shaft or incline. Its use is to give signals
when everything
is
ready at the bottom

the
for
drawing away.
RAPPERDANDIES, RAPSCALLION, LA.PSCALLION,

reckless fellow
;
common bilberry, Arbutus uva-ursi,L.

a
wild,
a rascallion, a waistrel or worthless man.
RASH,
is
fresh, vigorous.
vigour.
yit."
applied to old " She's myest siventy, but she's iherashest
Hoo are ye ? " " Aye, man, rash." It people who have preserved their youthful
i'
"
the hoose
RASH, RASHER, RESHER,

conglomerattis,
a rush. Applied to the Juncus Juncus effusus, and Juncus glaucus, all common in " Streit Northumberland, the Juncus effusus being commonest. as a rasher" is a proverbial expression. Various articles are made for [playthings by plaiting rashers. They are known as rasher-caps, rasher-baskets, whips, etc. Bull-resher, the bulrush.
" His breeches and his jacket clad a body rasher stright." R. Gilchrist, Bold Archy, 1824. "The pith was wont to be a wick for the 'cruizy' or lamp of the spectacled o]d dame." Johnston, Botany of Eastern Borders, p. 199.
RASHER-CAP,
the reed bunting, Cynchramus schceniclus, L. Called also black-headed bunting, reed-sparrow, black-bunting, coalhood, and pow- heed.
567
RASPER,
RAT,
'
an impudent, over-reaching fellow.

a wart.
or
WRAT,
The popular
:
local remedies are
very curious. The most

snail,
rub the wart well with

till
it
hedge
warts,
away
meat,
warts.
away, a cure follows.
(5) Rub the wart with eel's blood." Bigge, Trans. Tyneside Nat. Field Club., 1860-2, vol. v., p. 89,
ways of curing warts (i) Take a large black it, then throw the snail against a thorn and there let it die. (2) Count the number of impaled, put as many pebbles in a bag as there are warts, throw the bag whoever picks up the bag will get the warts. (3) Steal a piece of rub the warts with it, throw it away, and as it rots so will the (4) Make as many knots in a hair as there are warts, throw it
efficacious
is
Rev.
J.
F.
RATCH,
water.
a reach, a straight piece of navigation or navigable Also a streak. "The meer hes a white ratch doon
hor fyess."
See RACK.
" up against a head wind by alternate boards."
RATCH,
to beat
RATCH,
anything.
to scratch searchingly, to ferret about in quest of " " What are ye ratchin i' me box for ?
for the
RATHERLINGS,
most
part.
Brocket*.
(Obs.)
RAT-RHYME, RAT-RAIM,
"The
fanciful idea that rats
a monotonous doggerel rhyme.

by rote." Jamieson. were commonly rhymed to death,
in
"Ratt-rime, anything metrical repeated
Ireland, arose probably from some metrical there for that purpose." Nares.
charm or incantation used
RATTAN, RATTEN, RATTON, "

rattans."
Aa
a rat. divvent care for a moose
The
;
barn's
full o'
but aa's aaful flaid
on a
rattan."
RATTAN-TAILS
(rat-tails), the seed stems of the greater Much sought after by those who plantain, Plantago major. keep cage birds. This plant is also known as waybredf, waybret, wayfron, wayborn, and spikes.
RATTEN-RAW, ROTTEN-ROW,
in
in place-names, appears applied to a "Tinkler's Raw" of It is also applied to several other similar raws in cottages. Northumberland as in other counties. (See Hist, of Bwks. Nat. Club, vol. viii., p. 446, note.) " Rattenraw burn will not make a crowdy after May-day." The saying arose from the poverty of the inhabitants. Ratten Rawe (now Cross Street) is given in Bourne's map of Newcastle, 1736, as the row or road from the West Gate to Black Friars Monastery, past what is now Charlotte Square. Q
Redesdale, where
it
is
568
a child's rattle
;
RATTLER,
a talkative
woman.
RATTLE-SCAAP, RATTLE-SCAMP, RATTLE-PATE,

another."
a rattle-headed, headstrong, unstable, or frolicsome person. "He's a reg'lar rattle-scaap ; he's elwis up te some trick or
RAVEL, RA1VEL, REAVEL,
to talk incoherently or in an " Ravelin an' taakin." An involved and wandering way. " in intricate or difficult task is said to be a " ravelled hank " Thoo's allusion to the ravel of a tangled skein. getten a ravelled hank this time." A loose bit of thread. " till
Stop
aa tyek that raivel offyor cwot." Ravellitt, wandering about " He was ravellin aboot like a without apparent purpose. drucken body."
RAVEL-TREE, RAVEL-STICK,
to
the cross
beam
in a byre,
which the cow stakes are fastened.
RAX,
a severe strain, an internal injury caused by a wrench. Rax, to reach, to stretch out, to enlarge. To rax oneself is To rax to stretch out one's arms after sleep or long sitting. " See what a cloth or a coat. way this '11 rax oot it '11 rax " a yard afore it '11 rive an inch." They'll rax an' run up like Yarrow's breeches" (Hexham proverb), applied to Tommy anything very elastic. Tommy Yarrow was a celebrated maker of leather breeches, which he asserted to be capable of stretching or shrinking to meet the wearer's requirements.
;
To rax the belly-rim is to strain " To rax oot," to clear up applied
so as to produce hernia. to the weather.
RAZOR-BACKEET,
sharp-backed as a very lean horse with an acute backbone. Razor -jy ess, a sharp-featured person, especially one that is close fisted and greedy.
;
REAN,
the furrow or the terraced slope between two strips of plough land. See REEN.
REAP, RIP,
a small portion pulled from a sheaf or stack. Reap-snare, a snare for birds, consisting of hair noozes baited with a reap of oats, set up on a pole.
riot,
REARD, REERD,
REAST.
confusion.
See REEST and following words.
569
REAVE, REIVE,
raiders.
"
to
rob
applied specially to the Border

o'
The limmer
thieves
Liddesdale
;
na leave a kye in the hail countrie But an we gie them the caud steel, Our gear they'll reive it a' awaye." The Fray o' Haiitwessell.
Wad
REAVERS,
"
the wight riding Borderers.
Gud
God
honast men and true, savyng a little shiftyng for their living'; and our leddie help them, silie pure men."Mendmis. Bullein,
Dialogue against the Fever Pestilence, 1578.
RECKLIN, RICKLIN, RINKL'IN, WREKNEL,

born
;
the last the youngest member of a family. It is applied to the youngest or smallest of a Jitter of pigs, or to the youngest in a herd of calves but it is especially applied to the youngest member of a family. The recklin of the house is looked upon with special tenderness.
;
"
There lay the But one hour old."
reckling,
one
Tennyson, Lancelot and Elaine.
RED, RID, "

up."
" Get the hearth red to tidy, to set out in order. " When Aa'll red up the hoose." ye come back aa'll he' them red oot for ye." redd-in kaim, the common name for a large comb, used for reddin or tidying the hair. To red puddings is to take the fatty matter from the puddings or intestines used for sausages or black-puddings, etc. By fine red up" is sometimes used to indicate a inversion, scene of disorder. Reddin, in mining, clearing away and tidying stones after blasting or after a fall. Redder, a shiftman at a colliery employed in reddin.
"A
" In this neighbourhood between Keilder and Larriston the precise boundaries of each kingdom are ill to red.' "Rambles in Northumberland,
'
1835, p. 163.
RED, REDD, R1DDINS,

a quarry
"
;
rubbish.
"
the debris removed from the top of

cairt load of redd."
Some quarrymen were
quarry."
clearing the redd from the bank top of a D. D. Dixon, Hist. Bwhs. Nat. Club, vcl. 10, p 544.
RED, REDD, RIDDINS,

their red in the stream."
spawn.
The
fish
were lying on
of Irogs or
toads.
Pud-redd, the Tyed-reddy the spawn of toads.
spawn
RED,
counsel.
See REDE.
RED-COLE,
Armoracia rusticana, Rupp. " This kinde groweth in Morpeth in Northumberland, and there it is It should be called after the old Saxon englishe Rettihcol, called Redco. that is, Radishe colle." Turner, Names, Britten and Holland, E.D S., 1886, 399.
berries of the
REDDENS, the REDE, counsel,

The proverb is
the
first
mountain ash.
" Short rede is advice. good rede "Proverb. specially associated with the death of Walcher, Bishop of Durham appointed by William the
of the people, and on retiring to the church the cry was " Short The rede, good* rede, slay ye the bishop." raised, church was thereupon set on fire, and the bishop was slain. " A.D. 1080. The Northumbrians perpetrated this in the
Conqueror.
At Gateshead the bishop had met the leaders
month
of
May."
A. S. Chronicle.'
RED-RUMPED THRUSH
viscivorus,
[N.], the missel thrush, Turdus
L. It is also known as missel dick and storm cock in Northumberland, felty fleer and big mavis in Berwickshire, scricket in South Durham.
the spotted persicaria, the Polygonum persicaria, Also the Polygonum amphibium, L. See REED WILLY.
the redstart, Ruticilla phcenicura, L.
REDSHANK,
L.
REDTAIL,
Nanny
Called also
ring-tail
and
Bella ring-tail.
See START.
;
REE,
ree is
Hie or hite is left turn, when spoken to a horse " for the Also to turn corn in a " wite right turn. purpose of sifting out the husks or capes. It is done by " wite " with the hands. giving a rotary motion to the
to turn.
REED,
the pronunciation of red lead. Reedish, redish.
marking sheep, RUD.

"
tatees."
etc.
Reed leed, Reedhet, red-hot. Reed-rud, red chalk used for Reed-watter, chalybeate water. Compare
red.
little reed
His heels poppin out ov his clogs every step, leyke twe Thomas Bewick, The Howdy, ed. 1850, p. 10.
1
REED,
a stomach.
To make
rennet, for cheese-making, a
calf's reed
was
boiled.
REED- WILLY,
in
the Polygonum amphibium, L. It is common cultivated fields, where it grows freely, but is never observed to flower.
a cutaneous eruption.
REEF,
REEFY, scabby.
Brockett.
57!
sic a reek
REEK,
back."
a blow, a whack.
"
Aa
fetcht
him
"
alang the
REEK,
" smoke from the smoke, vapour. Chimley nek " " household fire. tobacco smoke. Reek, to Baccy reek " The emit smoke. chimley's reekin badly." Reek-penny, a modus formerly paid to the clergy in many parts of Northumberland and Durham for tithe of fire-wood. Called
also smoke-penny
and
pt.
ii.,
vol.
ii.,
p. 356, note.
hearth-penny. Reeky,
Hodgson, Northumberland, smoky, steamy.

ii.,
"
Hidden
in
a reeky cloud."
reeky
Pitman's Pay,
36.
"
hoose an' a scouldin wife Is twee o' the warst things o' this
life."
Old Rhyme.
REEN, REENE, REEND, REAN, REYGNE, REIN,
a terraced strip of land on steep hillsides showing signs of having been under tillage in former times. Furlongs in the open field system were divided into strips, each of which was separated from its neighbouring strip by a piece of unploughed " balk." But when a hillside formed turf, called a part of the open field the strips were almost always made to run, not up and down the hill, but horizontally along it and in ploughing, the custom for ages was always to turn the sod of the furrow down hill, the plough consequently returning one way idle. The result was that the strips became in time long, level terraces one above the other, and the "baaks"or "balks"
;
between them grew into steep, rough banks.

elsewhere
terraces
known
Northumberland
as " lynches" or "linces," are called reens in and the word is often applied to the
5,
These banks,
(See Seebohm, The English Village The term reen in modern use 381.) is also applied, generally, to any division between field strips,
themselves.
Community, 1884, pp.
other than the unploughed "balks." The water channel between "rigs" is thus sometimes called a reen or "open
foor."
North, rigs and reins, in the language but furrows, in this ridges and furrows acceptation, does not signify the fures,' or furrows, which the plough makes as it passes up and down to form a ridge, but the channel which, in the town-field husbandry, occupied the place of the balk, or 'reygne.' "
to this day, all over the
'
"
Even
of
husbandmen,
mean
'
Hodgson, Northumberland,
pt.
iii.,
vol.
ii.,
p. 401, note.
REEST, REAST, REIST, "

The
cuddy's
a dead stand made by an animal. " the reest that is, it has become immoveable. Reest, to decline to work, as a horse does. When a horse stops and declines to start again it is said " He has reesteet" If the habit becomes habitual, the horse
tyun
572
is
a reestev or a reesty horse. Reesty is also applied to a man of stubborn self-will who refuses to comply with a request. Or a person, overburdened and unable to resume his journey, " says, Ho'way gie's a han' aa've reesteet."
;
"
The boggle made

to
the horse take the
reist,
or stand stock
still.
W.
Brockie, Legends and Superstitions, p. 38.
REEST,
bacon.
become
rancid.
Reesteed
or reesty
bacon
rancid
REEST-CLOOT, REOST-CLOOT, WREEST-CLOOT,
a thin piece of iron fastened under the lower edge of the mowdyboord (mould-board) of a plough, which is on the "far" or The corresponding piece right hand side of the plough. " of iron fixed on the bottom of the " near side of the plough " sole-cloot." which it slides) is called the (on
REESTED,
ROOZE.
salted, dried, particularly to herrings.
and roasted; applied Not the same as REEST,

are ye
reestlin
to
2.
fish,
See
REESTLE, "
waa
for
?
to rub.
"
What
yor back agyen the
REET,
heed"
right,
in all
senses of the word.
"Not
reet
reet
iv
his
right
sarred right served that is, he has got his deserts. Reet in the sense of " Reet ower " " He hit him reet there." straight, direct. " Reet endwis " or "reet on end" right over. right on end, straight forward, or without stopping. Reet, reeten, to put " or to reet this
daft, foolish, imbecile.
;
"He's
"
straight,
place
o'
clothes.
"
adjust. "Reeten the yors." " Aa'll see the poor

"
claes
Here, lad, just "

reeted
up
sort "
body
the see justice done.

fold
up and
As
reet
as a trivet."
Proverb.
Hump
a
;
backs are
a' reeten'd,
cruick'd legs, tee, are streeten'd." Geddes, Ikebo. Bards of the Tyne, 1849, p. 315.
REET,
wright
wright.
Cairt-reet
a cartwright, mill-reet
a mill-
seldom used without a qualifying word prefixed.

a trusty assistant, a favourite
REETHAND-MAN,
REETIN-CRUCK,
REEVE,
worth.
workman.
a crook or pot hook, so made that it can be reeted or adjusted to suit different heights. Compare RACKAN.
the chief officer in the ancient borough of WarkHe is to this day usually styled the "borough-ra:^" " at that town. or " port-reeve Compare MOORGRIEVE.
573
refard it."
REFARD, "
Aa'll
to
defer,
to
thi
put
off.
;
" Aa'd rayther
no buy yen
"
day
aa'll refard it."
The
d here
is
intrusive
refar-d-it"
REFUGE-HOLES, MAN-HOLES,
or STALLS, places of refuge from the passing sets of trams in a coal mine.
in mining, a docrsliding lattice frames, one of which slides open past the other, so as to regulate the passage of a scale of air. See SCALE, It is also called a sliding scale and slide, regulator.
REFUGE
REGULATING-SCALE, REGULATOR,
way with two
SCALE OF AIR, SLIDE REGULATOR.

" An ordinary door with a sliding shutter in it to allow a portion of air Green well, Coal Trade Terms, 1888. to pass, is called a regulating door."
REIF,
plunder, robbery, taking by violence.
See REAVE.
REINS.
See REEN.
covered with coarse grass.
(Obs.)
REISE, waste ground

REIST.
See REEST and following words.
REIVE, REIVER.
See REAVE, REAVER.

(Obs.)
REMEED,
resource, remedy.
" Clear the lads, with speed, boat, I fear 'twill be our last remeed."
my

"It's ever, alas
!
but what remeed." B. Rumney, Ecky's Mare.
RENK,
"
or
RANK,
is
standard
being
measurement
sixty
in the
of
employed measured
The
underground,
off periodically
or
eighty
length yards,
by an overman.
middle of the fortnight,
renk
measured by the overman
and the score price for putting for that fortnight calculated thereon." Green well, Coal Trade Terms, 1888.
REPLY, "supply.
talk of
This form is adhered to by old people gettin in a fresh reply of coals," or flour, etc.
who
REPROVE,
when
it
disagrees
to eructate, as in the action of indigested food with the stomach, and is thus said to
reprove one.
574
to harbour
RESET, RESETT,
an outlaw.
In times of Border
The lawlessness, fugitives were reset from the opposite side. Border laws enact penalties for resetting. At the dispersion of the Borderers, several Scots had been reset, and were mingled with Redesdale and Tynedale men, as their names show. Many of the Scottish names on Tyneside date from
this period.
(Obs.)
RESHER,
REST, an
the rush plant.
See RASHER.
instrument used in boring, for supporting the weight of the rods upon the boring-box whilst screwing and unscrewing the rods. Nicholson, Coal Trade Terms, 1888.
the current of air or the air course in a pit as it returns, after being conducted through the mine, to make its exit by the upcast shaft.
wired, or turned in the edge.
RETURN,
REVED,
tool when it has been so thin steel \eaL-Hodgson MS.
Applied to a fine edge whetted that the edge turns like
RHYME,
RIB,
to
reiterate, as
"
He
rhymed on about so and so."
Compare RAIM.
a seed furrow. Ribbeet, furrowed for seed. small plough used for seed-furrowing.
or punching in the often called " a good ribbin."
Ribbin-ploo, a
RIBBIN, pummeling,
thrashing
is
sides.
A sound
RICE, RISE,
fencing,
as tree tops or brushwood, used for These, when withered, are called deed-rice. When tall hedges are cut down a rice is generally run alongside. It is made from the lopped branches, and serves as a protection to the young shoots as they break forth from the old stumps. A " stake and rice fence " is made by driving stakes into the top of an earthen dike about eighteen inches or two feet apart and then interweaving rice or thorns with the stakes. The rice is secured by a " yeather," which is of saugh, hazel, or any straight pliant wood. A hedge mender is called a styek-and-ricer. The brushwood used to bed in with stones in the weiring of rivers is called rice, and the term is applied to this material generally. Rice-knife, a light slasher with a hooked point, used for cutting hedges.
twigs,
etc.
"Paid
for stakes,
church yard."
and rise, and earth laying about 2 tree rootes in ye Gateshead Church Books, 1631.
575
RICK,
a pile, as a " rick of stones." " Over the hill by two little cairns of stones to a great cairn of stones on the top of Hareup Hill, then down the hill to a little nek of stones." Bounders of Old Bewick, 1680. Hist. Bwks. Nat. Club, vol.
255.
v., p.
RICKET.
See RIGGET.
RICKLE, RICKEL,
A tumble-down, dilapia loose heap. dated house or other building is called a " rickel of a place." To rickel is to gather into a loose heap. A very thin person " rickle o' banes." The word has is figuratively said to be a also the forms rackle and ruckle. Ricklet, a hay-pike that is, a small rick of hay. Rickley, loose, unstable, ricketty.
speed.
"
RID,
RID,
Make
rid
"
make
speed, hasten.
Hodgson
MS.
" to tidy. Just rid up the fireside, hinney." See RIDING. Rid, to clear ground.
See RED.
RIDDINS, RIDDING-STONE,
loose stones, the waste heaps from quarries, also the baring or loose material above the stone head. See RED, 2. "The soil and diluvial matter on the tops of quarries is very commonly
called the ridding or rid-work."
vol.
i.,
Hodgson,
Hist, of Northumberland, pt.
ii.,
p. 94, note.
RIDDINS,
spawn.
See RED,
3.
RIDDLE,
a sieve of large mesh. Riddle-cake, a leavened oatmeal cake. After rolling and shaping, it is put on a riddle, and then baked on an iron girdle till enough. It is hung for use on open flat rails between the beams of the house to keep it crimp and dry. Hodgson MS.
" Alice, wife of Robert Swan, of St. Nicholas' parish, Newcastle, was brought before the court for practising the ancient art of divination by riddle and shears that is, attempting to discover a culprit or lover by holding a sieve in a pair of scissors or shears, muttering some mystic invocation, and watching the trembling, nodding, or turning of the sieve as the names of suspected persons are uttered." Welford, Hist, of
Newcastle, vol. "
ii.,
p. 442.
a ceremony formerly performed on the Eve of St. Mark (April 24th), when it used to be customary to riddle or sift the ashes of the hearthstone, in the belief that if any of the family were destined to die within the year, the mark of the individual's shoe would be impressed on the ashes." Brockie, Legends and Superstitions, p. 108.
A.ss-riddling,
RIDE,
It to ascend or be drawn up a pit shaft, to go to bank. does not apply to the reverse process. The ascent and descent were formerly done by " riding loop." The men put
576
one leg through a loop in the chain and held on by one hand "Ride away!" a call from the banksman to the above. onsetter or men working in the shaft, meaning that men can get into the cage and be drawn up.
RIDE-AND-TIE,
common
practice in going over the
fells,
by which two travellers use a single horse for the journey. One of them mounts and rides two or three miles ahead, and " the galloway and walks on. either tethers or " hopples When the second traveller arrives at the spot he takes the horse, rides on, and passes his companion a mile or two, and ties again, and so on.
RIDER,
the term for a commercial traveller before the invention of railways, journeys being formerly made on horseback. " He got employment as arider to a draper in the North of England." Monthly Chronicle, vol. i., 1887, p. no.
RIDER,
mineral matter of various composition, often soft clayey shale, found between the edges of strata at a hitch. This material is also called the gowk of the trouble. Also the vein stone or " druse," a hard crystalline matter, found in the lode of a lead mine.
vein,
" Called a rider, perhaps, from its riding, or being suspended in the or separating it longitudinally into two or more divisions." Westgarth Forster, Section of Strata, second edition, 1821, p. 213.
RIDE-THE-WATTER. Heard "

no
ti
ride the waiter
on
in the saying, " That chep's not to be trusted.
RIDING,
The term occurs in a ridding or clearing in land. place-names, as Riding (now spoken with * long, as in ride), a township in Bywell, Riding Mill, Hardru/tMg, The Riding, etc. "A new assart (in Urpeth) called the Rydding." 1365, The Boldon
Buke, Surtees Society, ii., p. 191. " The Ridings in the parish of Bywell are called in the Baliol charters, increment,' a word of the same force as our modern term, intake, that is, a place taken in or inclosed from a common or lord's waste." Hodgson, Northumberland, pt. ii., vol. i., p. 94, note.
'
RIDING-THE-BOONDS,
periodical
a former days attended with observances peculiar to each locality. See GANG-WEEK, BARGE-DAY. "Yearly in the month of May the Bounders of the said town are rode, or perambulated, by the Borough Greave and Freemen. And at such times freeholders are admitted Freemen, which is done by some of their body taking hold of the arms and legs of the persons who are to be
or
RIDIN-THE-BOONDERS,
in
ceremony
still
performed, but
admitted, and dashing their buttocks against certain stones in the course Case respecting Schoolof riding or perambulating the said bounders."
house at Warkworth,
May
23rd, 1767.
577
maintained,
of
RIDING-THE-FAIR,
proclaiming the
fair.
the
custom,
still
RIDING-THE-STANG,
It is, in
most parts, an ignominious punishment inflicted on a faithless husband. But, among the pitmen of former times, it was customary to make a man vide the stang as a triumph. The bridegroom was thus bore along by his fellow-pitmen.
"
carrying
man
astride a pole (stang).
Weel efter a' was dealt and duin, As was, thou knaas, the custom then, They myed me ride the stang, as suin As aw show'd fyece at wark agyen."
!
pt.
iii.,
v. 95.
RID-WORK,
RIG, RIGG,
the baring for a quarry.

a
ridge.
See RIDDINS.
in
About seventy-three place-names

t
in rig or rigg and twenty-nine have the termination ridge. In stratification a rig is the upward fold of a series of beds; the downward fold or "dish" being called a "trow" (trough). Rig, a strip of land raised in the
Northumberland end
centre and forming a ridge.
Rigs are produced by ploughing
The open channel that divides rig alternately. from rig is called a " foor," and the system is known as rigand-foor. Rig -and-fur, applied to materials that are made with ribs and furrows, as stockings or corduroy, etc. To rig -and-fur, to cause furrows or wrinkles.
up and down
" 1627.
to Saltwellside,
Paid to Mr. John Cole for 3 riggs in the strong fflatt belonging payable everie third yeare, 01.00.00." Gateshead Church
.
Books.
"
vol.
Sam-casts,
iii.,
rigs,
buts,
and doles
of land."
pt.
ii.,
p. 90, note.
"
Care is an awd, ill-throven thief, O, hang him, hinnies, i* yor lyaces For wi' his blear e'ed titty grief,
They
rig-and-fur yor
bonny
fyaces."
pt.
iii.,
v. 23.
RIGGELD,
RIGGIN,
RIGGIN,
bone.
ridge
"
"
partly dry.
See RISSOLT.
clothing, clothes.
;
the ridge of a roof, the rafters the ridge or backRiggin-stone, the ridge-stone of a house. Riggin-tile, a
Riggin-tvee, the
tile.
ridge-beam of a house.
puzzon'd rattan."
Proverb.
He
'
sticks
up his
.
riggin like a
Ye may
like the kirk
weel eneuf an' not elways be ridin on the
v iggin .
'Proverb
578
" His purse consisted of a stocking, which with its contents were " fastened to the rigging-tree of the roof of the house Forster, History of
Corbridge, 1881, p. 44.
" Hail and rain pour'd down amain Without the heath-rooft biggin, And winds loud blew, wi' fury flew, And threat to tirl its riggin." Lewis Proudlock, Cuddle and his Crawin' Hen.
RIGGIT, RICKET, RECKET,

imperfectly castrated.
an animal that has
been
RIM,
The rim of a road, the circumference of any round thing. the materials which form it, and when these are worn down to the earth, then the rim of the road is said to be cut, as the rim of the belly is said to be broken when its muscles are lacerated or violently sprained. Hodgson MS. Rim occurs Rimside Moor, between Framlington and in place-names Whittingham; Rimside, a limb of Dardun, the western limit of the Simonside range. Rim Howlan, the name of a craggy ravine adjoining the seashore near Birling.
to
RIME,
murmur.
variant of raim.
RIME,
in
it
to enlarge a hole in a piece of metal by turning round a tool with sharp cutting or scraping edges. Rimer, an implement for clearing the bore of gun barrels. A tool for enlarging a hole in metal.
RIMER,
of coal.
a thinly sprinkled quantity, as a thin layer or patch

blue
thill
"Dark
and rimers
of coal."
Borings and Sinkings, L.R., p. 66.
RIN,
a small stream.
(i
See RYN.
hoar
frost.
RIND
RING,
long), rime,
water.
arrangement round a shaft to collect the waste or section of tubbing in a shaft arranged with an open top to collect falling water.
Ring-crib, a crib,
an
RING-BLACKBIRD,
Called also heather
the ring ouzel, Tuvdus torquatus, Linn.
cock.
RINGER,
it.
a quoit played so as to fall with the "hob" through or pin is thus encircled by the quoit. "He played ringers ivvory time."
The hob
RINGLE-EYED,
etc.,
wall-eyed.
that
is ringle-eyed is
The pupil of the eye in a dog, surrounded by a whity ring.
579
RING-NET.
See BOB- NET.

rings,
circles.
RINGSES,
RINKLIN.
RIP,
"
I'
prehistoric circular
camps
in
A term applied Northumberland.
to
several
See RECKLIN.
to rupture.
the road a styen tripp'd
me
J.
it
lyem'd for
it
P. Robson,
Maw
ripp'd
me."
Wonderful Wife.
RIP,
a handful of corn.
Compare REAP.
RIPE,
to grope in search, using force. Applied especially to the clearing out of a person's pocket. Coroner (addressing a Newcastle witness) " Did you take any steps to resuscitate Witness (promptly) " Yes, sor, we riped the deceased ?"
: :
'ees pockets."
"
shilling
aw thought
at the play-house
1
aw'd ware,
;
But aw jumped there wi heuk-fingered people Me pockets gat riped, an* aw heerd them ne mair
Nor aw could
fra St. Nicholas' steeple."
RIPER,
RIS,
"
an iron prong used for clearing dirt and dust out of the oilholes in machinery.
RIZ
(p.t.
of
ta
arise),
arose.
"
Aa
riz
aboot five
i'
the
mornin'."
Hodge went
bed that
neet, but nivver ris
ne mair."
George Chatt,
Old Farmer
Poems, 1866, p. 87.
RISP,
grates.
to rasp, to grate. broken bone is said to risp Rispi*, crepitation in the surgical sense.
when
it
RISP-GRASS,
land.
It is
long rough grass, such as grows on marshy sometimes called sprat or sprot, which is also the
name
for rushes.
RISSOLT,
partly dried applied to clothing or to clothes " Th'or not dry but weel rissolt." After a " slight frost and wind, clothes are said to be gay weel " rissolt well on the way to being dry. See RIZZLE.
;
from the wash.
RIT,
"The
o
to cut a mark out with a spade. To score or mark. ice is aa ritten wi' them skatin on't."
RIT-TIT-O,
on a
a child's game, played by drawing a figure like an and intersecting it with lines. The enclosed spaces are numbered from one upward and the game is to
slate
;
580
touch blindfold with a pencil the highest possible figures. The winner is the player who in so many trials counts On each trial the following formula is the greatest score.
repeated
:
"Rit-tit-o; here
If I
we go, The jolly beggars all in a row,

miss
I
pitch
upon
this."
RIVE, a rent. " He's getten a big rive in his cwoat tail." Rive, to tear, to rend, to tear asunder as in the manner of
reav ; p.p. roven and wood. (Pt.ten. rove, rave, and " He rives an' eats like to voracious eating. Applied riven.) Also to plough especially to plough up old yen famished." " He's on rivin lea." or virgin pasture land.
splitting
"
Edward Dobson
;
neighbors
culpable 4d."
for riving out of twoe ridges of land further than his Court Rolls at Ulgham, 1619-1653.
RIZZIM, RIZM," a
isn't a
stalk of corn,
rizm on't
said
by
" Thor a blade of grass. who meant there was not a a hind,
old
blade of grass on the place. " I had this word from Thomas Neal, an when out of straw, that we had not a rizm."
"
husbandman, who
Note by Mr.
M.
said'
Dand.
Rizome, the head of the oat."
Halliwell.
RIZZLE,
II
to
harden by heat, to make

is
crisp.
Anything, such as straw,
moisture, quite dry, rustling.''
said to be nzzling, Jamieson.
when
it
is free
of
RO, ROA,
[W.-T.] raw, as meat that is under-cooked. another word. barefooted, the Row-fitted Ro gorlin [W.-T.] feet being red and raw with exposure. a raw or unfledged bird. See RAA GORLIN.
,
ROW,
is
Rouh (rough)
II 1 had better bee hangad in a withie or in a cowtaile, than be Bullein, Dialogue, 1564. E. E. Text Soc., p. 6, 1. 21. rowfooted Scot."
RO,
" Roive up the
ROWE
[W.-T.], to roll. Ro up to web an' wap't i' pyeper."
roll
or
wrap
up.
ROACH,
" to roughen or make uneven. gear hes getten " reached bi the shot a miner who was charging a (said by hole, when the powder exploded and damaged his tools).
Me
ROAFY
Howdy,
[W.-T.], Ralph.
staggarth
"Roaffie's
"Ralph's
stack garth.
Thomas Bewick, The
etc., ed. 1850, p. 10.
ROAK, ROQUE,
"
to grope, to
mine."
peck
at.
:
Roqueing at a
W.
Kelly, Teetotallers of the Tyne, 1854, P-
9-
581
ROAK, ROAN,
ROB,
"
a fog, a mist.
Rooky [W.-T.]
Halliwell.
foggy.
See ROUK.
a clump- of whins.
See RONE.
the
term in coal mining. The partial working of pillars in fiery collieries was commenced in Tyne collieries below bridge in 1795. The process was called
Greenwell, Gloss. Coal Trade, 1888.
'robbing the pillars.'"
ROBBER, a spike of thistle down. ROBIN-GRAY, a hat once fashionable

"
1
with ladies.
But when her Robin Gray she gat, She carried heart and a tegether."
pt.
iii.,
1829, v. 13.
ROBIN-RUN-THE-DYKE,
L.,
so called from
clivers.
its
the goose-grass, Galium aparine, habit of growth. Known also as

^
Lizzy -run-the-hedge, grip-grass,
bluid-tong^le ) tongue-bluiders, clavers,
and
ROCK,
To " spin off a rock" distaff. of material on the rock. quantity " Now it will be twelve o'clock And more for I've spun off my rock.
a
;
to finish off the
1 '
E. Chicken,
Collier's
Wedding, 1735.
ROCK-BRAKE,
ROCK-COD,
which
J.
it
the parsley fern, Allosorus

of the cod-fish
crispus.
;
the young when of a red colour assumes after lying some time among weedy rocks.
i.,
Johnston, Hist. Bwks. Nat. Field Club, vol.
p. 173.
ROCK-LARK,
tree pipit
is
the rock pipit, Anthus obscurus, Pennant.
The
locally called field lark.
ROCK-PIGEON,
the rock dove, Columba livia, Brisson. Known also as the wild pigeon. " This is a resident, and undoubtedly the true stock dove from which the domestic pigeon is derived." John Hancock, Birds of Northumberland and Durham, p. 85. the colesay. the marsh samphire, Salicornia herbacea,
ROCK-SALMON,
L.
ROCK-SAMPHIRE,
Frequent all along the coast in damp places, and formerly sold at Newcastle and at Berwick for pickling.
smith works his bellows.
the lever or long handle by which a blackThe cross or pivot on which it called the " roller."
ROCK-STAFF,
works
is
582
the turbot, Rhombus maxiwiis, L.
brat.
RODDAMS,
turbrat
Called also the
and
ROGGLE, to shake,
ROGUE-STOB,
post.
"
stole
t
to jumble, to shake often, to
go on shaking.
or
to
WHIPPING-STOB, the ancient whipping

John Marlay
for Irons
(Obs.)
1633.
is."
It.
pd
mending
to the whipping
"
1634.
Pd
and a new Iron
for whipping of six rogues, as. 1636. pd for the scokes Gateshiad Church Books. to the rogue stob, is. 4d."
ROGUE-MONEY,
of
an assessment for defraying the expenses apprehending offenders, subsisting them in jail, and (Obs.) prosecuting them.
" for By Vertue of a warrant granted for to Collect 4d of ye 1631. Paid to Raynold ffawcett 26th June [1631] for Rogue money, 01. 04. Rogue money, 01. 02. oo." Gateshead Church Books.
n.
ROLL,
in mining, a depression or sag in the roof.
Sometimes
called a horseback
and a
balk.
ROLLER,
the cross or pivot in blacksmith's bellows on which the handle works. See ROCK-STAFF. a carriage of larger size than a tram, formerly used " A railway volley" underground conveyance of coal. a large, flat, four-wheeled waggon, used for the street delivery and carriage of merchandize. Rolleyway, the underground horse-road in a pit. Rolleyway-man, the man who lays and Mining Gloss. Newcastle. Terms, 1852. repairs the rolleyway. He also re-rails tubs that may run off, and conducts the regular working of the underground lines.
coal was conveyed away (from the hewers) in corves placed on running on a narrow railway to the crane, where they were transferred to rolleys, and drawn by a horse to the shaft. The volley, which is drawn by a horse, is similar in construction to the tram, but Rambles in Northumberland, 1835, p. 41. larger."
trams,
"
ROLLEY,
in the
The
RONE,
a rank or thick growth, as a " rone of thistles," a "rone of whins or weeds."
ROOD, of wall building in Northumberland = seven yards. ROOF, REUF, the stratum immediately above a coal seam. ROOF-TREE, a ridge beam. Called also riggin-tree.
ROOK
ROOK,
[N.]
fog, mist.
See ROUK.
a rook."
a ruffian.
"
He was
See ROUH.
583
ROOMING-DOWN,
ROONDY,
J. C.,
extending the bottom of a bore hole. term used by sinkers.

" If the coals
large, applied to coal. be hewed or wrought pretty round, and large coals."
Collier, 1708, p. 38.
!"
Compkat
o'
"
"
Coal, co-al, roondy co-al
Street cry in Newcastle.
Lumps
roondy-coal
cum doon
pell-mell."
R. Harrison, Geordy
Black, 1872.
ROOP,
a hoarseness in the throat. Roopy, roopeet, hoarse, "He's sair roopeet" " Aa's that voopy aa thick of speech. can hardly taak."
a low lying,
i'
ROOSTER,
o'
boggy piece of land.

Shepherd at
greys doon
the
rooster there."
" Thor's a nest Woodburn.
ROOZE, ROOSE,
harrin."
to
salt
herrings slightly.
"
Thor
roosin
See REESTED.
" Rooze up, there; ye greet lazy lubbart."
or cylinder on which a rope
ROOZE,
to rouse. Roozer, a big lie.
ROPE-ROLL,
drum
is
wound
by a winding engine.
See JACK-ROLL.
ROPPLE,
confusion, as ropes so intertwisted as to be very " That twine's getten Roppled, ravelled. The term is also applied to a young man growing a' roppled" too rapidly. " Hoo he's roppled up." Compare RAFFLE.
difficult to unravel.
ROSAL,
"
resin.
See ROZZEL,
i.
1655, pd. for rosall
and frankinsence
for ye Church, is."
Gateshead
Church Books.
ROSE,
a tuft of bristles on a pig.

or
ROSE-BENT,
squarrcsus.
STOOL-BENT,
the
heath
rush,
Juncus
See
BENT and STOOL-BENT.

the
ROSE-LENART, ROSE-LINTIE,
Una
linota,
Gmelin.
rose.
The
lenart
is
male linnet, Cannavariously called brown,
grey, red,
and
,
ROSEY
called
[N.]
a rose.
Rosey-bus, a rose tree.
ROT-GRASS,
the
butterwort,
Pinguicula
vulgaris,
L.
So
In because it is reckoned prejudicial to cattle. Scotland the midge grass is called rot-grass because it is said Dr. Hardy, Botany of Eastern to give origin to the rot.
Borders, pp. 164, 213.
584
"
a term applied in the children's who fail to stand the ordeal.
;
ROTTEN-SHEEP, "
honey pots
[W.-T.]
game
of
to those
ROU
place or to the weather
cold, bleak, and damp especially applied to a raw. Brockett. See RAA and Ro.
ROUGHED, wrinkled
ROUH.
(Northumberland).
Halliwell.
Compare
ROUGH, RUFF, to trump at cards, to beat. ROUGH, as a "rough house," a house abundantly
with provisions.
supplied
ROUGINS,
the aftermath or second crop of hay or clover.
Compare FOG.
ROUH,
rough.
g.
Pronounced with
deep accent without
sounding the
ROUK, ROWK, ROOK, ROAK, "

accompanying
it.
a mist, a fog and the drizzle
Vender's a rook on the law."
ROUKY, ROOKY, damp
and foggy.
"A
rouky day."
It's
varry rooky weather." Of a continuous the weather it is said, " It's roukin on."
damp
condition of
ROUNDER,
a boring tool used for breaking or cutting off any projection which may have occurred in the hole.
ROUNDGE,
ROUNGIN,
great
(Northumberland).
noise, Halliwell.
violent
push
or
stroke
big, heavy.
"
great roungin fellow."
ROUT, ROWT,
"They shud
Elliott,
written for wrotit

te
wrought or worked.
Robt.
Pitman Can
nobbit get paid fur the wark thit they've rowt."

Parliament.
ROUT, ROWT,
to
bellow,
to
roar.
"Routing- Linn
"the
roaring Linn. " Sax poor

"
ca's stand in the sta' A' routing loud for their minnie." Ballad of Jamie Telfer.
The weary wind began to The sea began to rout."
rise,
o"
The Lawlands
Holland.
ROUTH,
or corn.
plenty,
Brockett,
abundance; especially applied to rank grass Compare FOUTH and ROUGH, 2.
585
ROVE,
seam-nail or a bolt.
an iron washer used for riveting on to the end of a See SEAM-NAIL.

shreds, disheveledness.
" A'
ti rovers
ROVERS, in
confusion.
"gone all to
the clouds
ROVIN,
wild, windy, as a rovin night are careering through the sky.
said
when
ROWAN, ROWN,
the roe of a
fish.
ROWAN-TREE, ROWAN-TRY
mountain ash, Pyrus
[N.],
ROWN-TREE,
the
aucuparia, Gaertn.
See WHICKANTREE,
WITCHWOOD.
"Used as a preventative against witches. In every gap ot their hedges a piece of it may be found, for according to old tradition where you have a stang of it nothing can trespass upon you." Hodgson MS.
rowan-tree, so called from its berries closely resembling the or roe of a fish, was also called witch-wood, witch-bane, quickbane, quicken, wicken, wiggan, witchen, wiggy, etc." W. Brockie, Legends and Superstitions, p. 117.
*
"
The
rowan
'
" If your whipstick's made ofrown, You may ride your nag through any town."
11
Woe
Without a
to the lad rowan-tree gad."
Old
sayings.
ROWK.
game
SeeRouK.
;
ROWLY-POWLY,
of
the act of rolling over and over also a fairs by rolling a ball, made with The thrower of the several numbered facets, in a bowl. highest number wins the prize of gingerbread or other confection stuff.
chance played at
"
My goods must go
throw
come
try
W.
at rowly-powly."
Stephenson,
d. 1836,
The Itinerant
Confectioner.
ROWORGIN,
ROYNE,
to
an organ (Northumberland). Probably a nonce word for a street organ. (Obs.)
Halliwell.
grumble or growl.
resin.
Brockett.
ROZZEL, ROSAL,
To
resin a fiddle
bow.
"
Noo
fiddler, rozsel up, an' set yorsel
away, man."
586
ROSIN, ROZZEL, ROSEL " "

warm your
to warm, to bask over a fire. Rosel yor shins." Howay, an' vozzel yor keslup." Applied " Weel rozzelt " also to the effect produced by drink. " " Aa'll rozzle hide for ye I'll flushed with drink. yor
hide
"
that
is
We stagger'd
To
rozzel
by a sound beating.
Hauf Meun,
glass."
off to the
wor nobs wiv a
"
W. Midford, The Masquerade. should pop in but the landlord, se handy An' he rosin'd wor gobs wiv a glass o' French brandy." R. Emery d. 1871, The Pitman's Ramble.
Whe
ROZZELT, ROZZELED,
begun to ferment
is
fermented
an apple that has
called a vozzel'd apple.
RUB
RUBBER, a robber. To (p.t. vubeet) [N.], to rob; "nibe his buttons" to challenge him to fight. Among boys this is done by the challenger rubbing his hand down the waistcoat buttons of his adversary.
soft stone, of various colours, used for rubbing over door-steps, window-sills, and the stone floors of
RUBBIN-STYEN,
kitchens.
RUBSTONE,
sandstone.
a mower's sharpening stone,
made
of fine-grained
" And whereas the town is an ancient town, and the Mayor and burgesses, time out of mind of man, have had a certain guild or fraternity, called the hostmen, for the loading and better disposing of commonly sea-coals and pit coals, grindstones, rubstones, and whetstones, in and upon the river and port of Tyne." Charter of Elizabeth. Welford,
Hist, of Newcastle, vol.
iii.,
p. 141.
RUCK,
"
a rick.
Compare RICK, RICKLE.

p. 38.
Two
2os."
herdcorne at Yetlenton, and iiii. boules and a bushell, Will of Robert Clavering of Callally, Nov. 30, 1582. D. D.
ruckes of
Dixon, Vale of Whittingham,
RUCKLE,
RUCT,
to rumple, to crease.
Brockett.
to eructate, as a
cow
does.
RUCTION, RUMPTION, RUPTION, "

cleaning a disturbance, a row. the hoose wi' sic a ruction gan on."
;
a turmoil, as in Thor's nee sittin doon i'
RUD,
to redden.
" Ther's
Rud,
ruddle,
1
red paint or red ochre used for
marking sheep.
some will ca me Parcy Reed, speak my praise in tower and toun It's little matter what they do now, My life bluid rudds the heather brown." Death of Pany Reed.
And
587
RUDGE,
to
push about.
See RUSH.
off
RUE-BARGAIN,
bargain repented
something given to be
of.
an agreement
Brockett.
RUE-SAIR,
"
to feel sore, but

"
He
nivver rued saw
oftener used in the negative. never regretted seriously.
RUG,
is
to tug, to pull, to drag with violence. A ntggin pain at the stomach is a gnawing, dragging pain. " He wis ruggin her hair." The backwash or under current of the sea beach
an' rive, to pull or drag, and tear. " Like the butter o Halterburn it would neither rug, nor rive, nor cut wiv a knife it was confounded." Proverb.
called ootntg.
Rug
1
RUMGUMPTION, " RUMMELGUMPTION,

common
sense.
a cant wordhes nee rutnmelgumption aboot him." Hence nungumptious, shrewd, sharp, witty.
He
" Had'st thou in thee the least Rumgumption, Thou'd scorn aw sik lyke Presumption." G. Stuart, Joco-Serious Discourse, 1686, p. 26. " Aw knaw that the Cockneys crack rumgumshus chimes,
To myek gam
of
wor bur and wor "parel." T. Thompson, Canny
Newcastle.
RUMMLE,
trench
to rumble.
"
vutmnlm soon' like thunnor."
RUMMLE-CUNDY, RUMMLIN-CUNDY,
filled
up
a drain or to the surface with loose stones to admit of
percolation.
See RUMMLE-STYEN.
a great,
RUMMLE-DUSTY,
careless person.
awkward woman
a
a reckless,
RUMMLE-STYEN, RUMBLE-STONE,
Generally called tumbler or
p. 301-
loose
stone.
tumbling-stone.
See RAMBLE.
" Blue clay and rumble stones one fathom."
RUMPLE,
RUCTION.
the rump.
"
"
Rumple byen
rump
bone.
RUMPTION,
RUN, RUND,
a confused noise,
a row, a confusion.
See
the selvedge of woollen cloth, list. Brockett. Run, the lengthwise course or the grain of anything. " Ye'll he' ti cut the claith bi the run o' the stuff."
a set of tubs in a pit.
RUN,
Nicholson, Ccal Trade Terms, 1888.
588
to
RUN-A-REEL,
go wrong.
(Obs).
" There's nothing there cou'd run-a-nel, If Maistress Property were weel."
p. 25.
RUNCH,
"
wild radish, Raphanus vaphanistrum, L. The weeds in the corn are runches, Raphanus raphanistrum, and not wild mustard, Sinapis arvensis." Dr. James Hardy, Hist, of Bwhs Nat.
Club, vol.
ix.,
p. 233.
RUNCHED, lumpy, swollen and hard. See RUNCHY, large, raw-boned. " A nmchy
long animal.
KALLUST.
beast
"
a large,
RUNG,
a round staff, the spoke of a wheel, the round wood bars in the sides of a cart, the step of a ladder. In a ladder the two longitudinal or side pieces are sometimes called the sheth, whilst the cross spokes are called the nmgs. Rungwheel a wheel made with rungs, which are driven by the
cogs of a wheel geared into thus worked.
it.
The "cog and
"
rung gin
was
" Drawing a rung out from the side (of the cart) he dismounted and gave battle to the intruders." Richardson's Table Booh, Leg. division,
vol.
i.,
p. 253.
RUNKLED, wrinkled, crumpled. RUNNELL, pollard wood. Brocket*. RUNNER, an arrangement in boring.
runner, for
" Small braceheads called topits to which to attach the rope drawing the rods." Greenwell, Coal Trade Terms, 1888.
by a
RUNNER, a
small stream.
Compare RYN.
RUNNIN-BAAK, RUNNING-BALK, a beam set lengthways, as distinguished from a cross beam. A balk set in the
direction of a drift in a mine, at its side instead of across it, to form a support for the cross balks. In Teviotdale the balk forming^ the wall-plate of a building is called a rannlebauk, and on it the couples or roof principals rest.
RUNNIN-FITTER,
RUN-RIG,
"
a coal fitter's out-door clerk

river.
personage well known on the quay and
formerly a
the open field system of cultivation before enclosures were made.
and tenure,
Lands are said to be tunrig where the alternate ridges of a field belong to different proprietors, or are occupied by different tenants." Jamie son.
589
RUNT,
a small sized ox or cow. dwarfish person. Runt, a " wizened kail runt." Applied stalk dried or hardened. aad runt" an old wizened person. thus to persons. Runties are common clay marbles. They are simply made of
"An
dried and
lightly
burnt clay.
See COMMONY.
Compare
See
SCRUNTS, SCRUNTY.
RUN-TH'-CRUNTLE,
CRUNTLE.
to
run foul of anything.
RUN-THE-RIG,
" O'er
to take a
mean advantage.
1801.
him there should none run the rig." Henry Robson, The Collier's Pay Week,
"
RUNTY,
undersized.
runty little chep."
See
RUNT and
SCRUNTY.
RUSH
RUSH,
RUSH,
rush
it
[N.]
a rash or eruption on the skin
also diarrhoea.
a small
patch of underwood
to push.
(Northumberland.)
" Aa'll
Halliwell.
a push
" Gi's a bit rush, will ye ?"
up
for ye."
RUSHER, made
RUSHER-CAP,
match."
of rushes.
See RASHER.
t
the marsh titmouse, PceciU palustris L.

to wrestle.
RUSSLE, RUSTLE,
RUSTY-COALS,
the
air.
" Thor's gan to be a
russlin*
coals discoloured
by water or exposure
to
RUT,
an'
a root. "Rutect oot" rooted out. " They're on ruttin " shawin tormits rooting up and topping turnips. Rutgrown, grown on its own root applied to sticks so grown as " sookers." distinguished from
;
RUT,
to
poke about
in search.
"
What
are ye ruttin on
amang
the cinders for ?"
RUTHER,
a rudder.
"
Rulher-st&ff, a tiller.
Brave
lads, let not
your courage
fail,
For, thanks to God, our Ruther's hail." G. Stuart, Joco-Serious Discourse, 1686, p. 71.
RUTTLE,
the sound heard in gasping for breath, especially in the dying.
5QO
RYE,
in
in place names, occurs in Rye Hill, near Rothbury, and Newcastle Ryal, Riall, or Ryall, near Stamfordham and Great and Little Ryle, townships near Alnwick.
; ;
RYN,
a very small stream.
" Out of the southest parte of the said mountayne (Cheviot) springeth and descendeth a lytle ryn, called Colledge." Survey of Cheviot, 1542. Coll. MS., Hodgson, Northumberland, pt. iii., vol. ii.
S.
The letter, sounded as z, is used for the verb to be in all persons of the singular present indicative when following the " Aa's a clever " Thoo's chep, aa's sure." personal pronoun. In other positions the full form is used. mevvies flaid." " " Is aa not ? " ." Is them taties S is also used good 'uns ? " Ye's " There's be nowse aa winnot de." for shall. get aall It is also used for have in all aa have." " We's be gannin." " Aa's deun'd." "Thoo's persons of the present indicative. In the third person, as in ordinary colloquial helped us." English, "He's gyen." It is also the common representative " of for me. used tell's o' whe was
s,
colloquially
Come,
there."
SAAT, SAT, SAUT

the the the
/
On Tyneside [N.] SOAT [W.-T.] salt. sounded, the vowel preceding being shortened as in German salz, the a being very short. At a christening first person met on the way to church is presented with a It is unlucky to parcel containing salt and currant cake. meet a woman first. When a child's tooth comes out it is sprinkled with salt and put into the fire, the person who has lost it repeating an incantation, " Fire, fire, burn tooth, and Not a give me another. Not a black one, but a white one. cruck'd one, but a strite one !" Or else " Fire, fire, burn Salt is often put on a byen, God send ma tuith agyen." cow's back immediately after calving. The custom of placing on the breast of the corpse a table plate containing salt is still very generally observed and the females who attend on such occasions say that it prevents the body from swelling. Also " one who deals in salt or Salter, Sauter, a salt maker.
, ,
is
salt fish."
nick,
(Obs.) Salter's-way, S alter' s -track, Salter'sof roads and trackways along which cadgers with salt formerly travelled. Salt-grass, sat-grass, grass-covered flats by the sea-side. Salt-kit, a salt box.
Bailey.
names
SACKIT, SEKKIT,
a stupid. Ah ye sackit, ye mind what y'or deein." Applied to a horse when he makes a stumble or used as a reproachful term to a child.
!
"
591
SACKLESS,
obsolete.
In this sense probably innocent, blameless. used, however, for useless, silly, stupid hence awkward in any kind of handicraft or work. Also a " He's a greet sackless" or "He's helpless or clumsy person. a greet sackless cuddy."
Now
11
It
byre.
was laied to his charge, the drivyng of kine hem But Christe knoweth he was sackless." W. Bullein,
Text Society, p. 7. " He raun be a sackless dog,
to his father's
1564, Dialogue,
E.E.
Far warse than ony dandy."

T. Wilson, 1826, Oiling of Dicky's Wig.
SACK'S-MOOTH.
When a miller formerly returned the price of the corn by the man who delivered it, he figuratively said he "sent it in the sack-mooth"
severe, bad.
SAD,
lad that."
" He's a sad " Aa've hed a sad tew wi'd." " He's iv a sad Sair is similarly used. way."
It is
SAD,
solid,
heavy, dense, compact.
commonly applied
to Dread that has not risen or to potatoes that are soapy in " The breed's sad as leed." appearance when cooked.
" The ballast there lay safe and sad, and that neither the wind could ever blow it off, nor the rain nor waves could wash it into the river." Gardiner, edition 1796, England's Grievance Discovered, p. 95.
SADDLE-BACK,
a balk or species of hitch in the coal strata described as the roof of the seam coming down into the coal without any corresponding depression of the thill, thus causing a nip. It is also called a horse-back.
;
SADDLE-BOARDS, SATTLE-BOARDS, SETTLEBOARDS,

the platform at the pit bank on which the
men
and tubs are landed from the cage.
SADEET
of
[N.]
hay or corn
compacted, settled down. A newly-built stack is not covered with its thatch until it has
solid."
"getten sadeet." " To sad, to become
Jamieson.
SAE,
seea,
so
common
spelling.
The
usual pronunciation
is
see,
and soowak.
See SAUGH.
SAF.
SAF,
natural death.
[W.-T.] meat from an animal that has died a Hog-saff is mutton of this description. Compare BRAXY-MUTTON and TKAIK.
,
SAFF
592
do
it."
SAFE,
" He's sure, certain. safe to " as deeth." there." Safe

clay, a soft clayey shale, often
" He's
safe to
be
SAGGER-CLAY, SAGRE-CLAY, SEGGER-CLAY,

which which
fire-
worked with a coal seam, of
it usually forms the thill. The potter's vessel, in his pots are enclosed during the process of firing in the kiln, is called a sagger. The clay of which it is usually made is hence called sagger-clay.
" Generally forming the floor of coal seams, we find a number of deposits of more or less siliceous clay, known as under-clay, seggar-clay, or thill, and often used as fire-clay." Professor Lebour, Geology of Northumberland and Durham, second ed. 1886, p. 45.
SAIM, SAEM, SEEYEM,

to fat in general.
" He's myest seyirfd
pig's lard.
But applied sometimes " almost choked up
with
"
fat.
SAIN, used
God
"
in the following sentence.
safe us, and sain us fra Serious Discourse, 1686, p. 6.
(Obs.) ony sike matter."
G. Stuart, Jocobeing the agent,
To
5am, to
make
the sign of the cross, to bless,
God
etc."
Jamieson.
SAINT.
The practice of abbreviating the name of a saint is a Locally, we have St. Paul reduced to very ancient one. the proper name of Sample, and in place-names St. Helen rendered as Sintlin, and St. Anthony as Stanton and Stantlin In Hollar's map, dated 1654, (St. Anthony's-on-the-Tyne).
St.
Anthony's appears as
St. Tantlins.
ST.
AGNES'S FAST, Jan. 21. To procure a sight of a Eat nothing all this day till going to bed, future husband. boil as many hard eggs as there are fasters, extract the yolk, fill the cavity with salt, eat the egg, shell and all, then walk backwards to bed, uttering this invocation to the saint " Sweet St. Agnes, work thy fast If ever I be to marry man, Or man be to marry me, I hope him this night to see." Eat a raw red I add another receipt for the same object. There can be no doubt that dreams herring, bones and all. and visions will be the result. Men sometimes try this plan to see a future bride. Bigge, Superstitions at Stamfordham. Trans. Tyneside Naturalists' Field Club, 1860-62, vol. v., p. 96. simpler form of incantation is used by girls who on going to bed place their shoes on the floor at right angles to each
: ;
other,
and repeat the following " I place my shoes in form of a Hoping my true love to see
:
;
T,
Not dressed in his best array, But in the clothes he wears every day."
593
SAINT CUTHBERT'S BEADS,
fragments of encrinital columns, the joints of the fossil radiate animal, washed from the mountain limestone beds. They are strewn along the beach by the action of the sea upon the outcrop of the stratum, in which they are plentiful, and look very like beads which have been turned in a lathe. The central hollow gives
further appearance of similarity. Holy Island they are picked up
:
the north-east side of the rocks, and were formerly regarded with veneration as being the handiwork of the saint
On
among
11
Fain St. Hilda's nuns would learn on a rock, by Lindisfarne, Saint Cuthbert sits, and toils to frame The sea-borne beads that bear his name." Marmion, canto
If,
2,
xvi.
ST.
CUTHBERT'S DUCKS,
11
the eider ducks.
He For centuries they have been known as St. Cuthbert' s ducks. lavished upon them special marks of kindness and affection. They were frequently his sole companions during the long hours of his solitary nights, clustering round him when he watched and prayed on the rocks which surrounded his home. They obeyed his every word, and became so tame and familiar with him that they would allow him to approach them at all times without fear and caress them with his hand." Rev.
Prov. Consitt, Life of St. Cuthbert, 1887, p. 82.
ST.
JOHN,
the
name
applied to two hazel nuts which have
intergrown with each other.
See CLUD-NUT.
ST. MARY, three hazel nuts grown into each other. When any one is fortunate enough to find a St. Mary he wears it
in his
cap as a great prize.
SAIR, SARE,
wound, or painful
sair place sore, Sair is also constantly used for " " Sair tews severe exertion or distressing severe, painful. " Aa hed sair tews ti' catch the train." "We've trouble. hadden sair tews ti' get hyem." " Bairns is sair tews, bliss " a them !" " Aa've had a sair day win him." "A sair heed
(adj.),
SAE
sore.
"
"a
spot.
headache.
"
sair
bairn
"
an incorrigible
child.
Sairish,
somewhat
sore,
somewhat troublesome.
Pricks of Conscience.
" Seke and sare."
" It raised sore
tews in Ratcliffe's breast." Sheldon, Minstrelsy of the English Border, 1847,
p. 406.
SAIR
"Sair fashed" (troubled or bothered). (adv.), sorely. "Sair hindered." "Sair changed." " Sair sowt efter." "Sair " Sair hadden missed " greatly missed. "badly held,
594
"
" S^wV-earnest or in a distressed condition of health. " Poor " Sair-off" failed in strength. earnest. really he's sair-off noo." man,
aad
"God
helpe,
the warld
1.
is
sare
chaunged."
Bullein, 1564, Dialogue,
E. E, Text
Society, p. 8,
10.
" Sair Sair
fail'd,
fail'd,
hinny, sair fail'd now, hinny, sin' I kend thou." Bell's Rhymes, 1812, p. 257.
SAIRY, SARIE, SAYREY, sorry, indifferent, poor. man " equivalent to the expression "poor fellow."
bit sairy
"
Sairy-
"His
staffe."
duds" (poor
I
"Now
W.
"
clothes). have neythyng but this
sarie
bagge
and
this
Bullein, Dialogue, etc., 1564.
Aw
wonder how thee fayther
gets yeh o fed, sayrey
man."
Thomas
Bewick, The Howdy,
etc., ed. 1850, p.
u.
its
SAITH,
growth.
the young of the coalsay fish in
larger stage of
See COALSAY.
"
SAL,
shall.
In very frequent use. Twee Blackeys sal mense
W.
the dor cheek." Midford, The Pitman's Courtship, 1818.
SALLY,
a boat
a boat or ship, in play, from side to side. In done by standing on a seat, with legs astride, and alternately resting the weight on each leg so as to sway the boat. Formerly, at the launch of a wooden ship, it was customary for the apprentices from the yard to be on deck, and, when the vessel was launched, to sally her. This was done by a rush or sally to one side, which caused a lurch. A rush back again brought her over to the other side, and this continued, the displacement of the weight on deck causing an alternate swing from side to side.
to
sway
it is
SALLY NIXON,
^
the term in alkali works for the sulphate of soda resulting from the decomposed nitrate of soda in " nitre pots." The name is probably a corruption of salis natron, an
alchemist's term.
SAMCAST,
wide.
century
"
is
a wide ridge of land. A samcast is about six yards " " is about three yards wide. rig ordinary " Land that has been anciently tilled and not ploughed within the last
An
in samcasts."
Hodgson
MS.
great intermixture of samcasts, rigs, buts, and doles of land gave a very primitive appearance to the whole and, indeed, evidence and ocular proof of very early colonization." Hodgson, Northumberland, vol.
;
The
iii.,
2, p.
90, note.
SANDBACK,
the chimney swallow,
Hinmdc
rustica,
L.
595
SAND-BRAYER, SAND-BEATER,
a heavy stone or flat iron for pounding the soft sandstone used in scouring and colouring door-steps.
[N.'J
,
SANDEET, SANDBLIND
applied to
dim
in sight,
men
near-sighted-
or animals.
or
SANDGATE-HEAT,
SANDGATE-RINGER
(from
Sandgate, the eastern suburb of Newcastle, inhabited chiefly by keelmen in former times), facetious terms applied to a tobacco pipe lighted by being thrust in the fire till it is Sandgate -rattle, a step-dance. See SHUFFLE. nearly red-hot.
SANDSCRAWLER,
SAND-STREEK,
SANDY,
arenaria,
the sand martin, Cotyk riparia, L.
the lowest stretch of planking, or garboard strake, next the keel of a vessel. the
meadow
is
called the mosscheepev
pipit, Anthus pratensis, L. and syety-Wull (sooty Will).
It
is
also
In
Holy
Island the sandy
the sanderling, the small wader, Calidris
L.
a great outcry.
SANG, a song. To "myek a sang" to make " What a sang yor myekin' aboot nowt."
SANG! " an
sang
!
" Maa " exclamation; spoken as sang!" or Sankers ! a similar exclamation.
Ba
SAPPY,
a gossiping moist, juicy, wet. sappy crack" " " talk over a glass. Sappy drinkin heavy and protracted " " The " a wet day. grund's varry sappy day drinking. It is also used to describe the sudden thump in a sappy." " fall. By gosh aa got a sappy tummel." " Aa'll tell thou mair when aw come back, For then we'll hev a sappy crack." T. Wilson, Opening Newcastle and Carlisle Railway, 1838.
"A
SARIE.
See SAIRY.
SARK,
are
known
The various parts of the garment a shirt, a chemise. as the sark-tB.i], sark-sleeve, sark-bieest, etc. " When I cam to Walker wark, I had ne coat nor ne pit sark."
Bell's
Rhymes, 1812, p. 36.
SARKIN,
when
the cleading of wood laid on the rafters of a house a strong and tight roof is required. The slates are laid over the sarkin.
596
to serve.
SARRA,
reet
When aa sarra'd me time (apprentice" sarra the seed " serve out the seed. To " sarra ship). the swine" serve out food to the swine. "It sarra'd him
To
"served him
And
I'm
"
"
right.
" I've sarrit
now
my
king seven years, luikin out for a pension."

1
W.
Midford, Local Militia Man, 1818.
SARSE, SES, CIRSE,

milk.
a circular sieve for straining butter-
See SES.
of
certies !
SARTIES, the pronunciation of the exclamation " Maa sarties ! but y'or myekin' a bonny gan on."
SARVOR,
a server, a small tray or salver.

,
SAT-COLLOP
SATPOKE,
salt collop. [N.] Anything not of a bulky description purchased for a big price is termed a sat-collop.
a glove in which the thumb only stands out, the hand and fingers being all contained in a single undivided poke or bag.
rest of the
,
SATTER [N.] a term used by children, expressing contempt. A turkey-cock is teased and irritated by the whistling and
shouting of boys,
"
who
repeat
Bubbly Jock, Bubbly Jock, Bubbly Jock the satter. Yor faithor's deed, yor mother's deed; ye canna flee nae fawthor."
[N.], a salting, a thin sprinkling.
SATTIN
has
Of
a field that
been thinly strewn with lime or manure, where an insufficient quantity has been used for its requirement, it is said to " hev only getten a sattin"
" Dinna to settle, to take a seat. gan stravaigin an' sattle." a seat, a settle. Sattle, Lang a long seat, like a form, with a back and arms.
;
SATTLE,
aboot
sattle,
come
SATTLE-BORDS.
See SADDLE BOARDS.
SATURDAY'S-STOP, the
;
space of time in which of old it was not lawful to take salmons in Scotland and the North of England that is from Evensong on till sun
on Monday.
New World of
Saturday
rising
Words, 1706.
(Obs.)
SAUF,
the willow.
See SAUGH.
597
SAUFEY-MONEY,
sum given
for salvage.
blackmail
Tyndale and Redesdale.
The
levied by the rievers of Scottish form is sanghie, the
(Obs.)
"Safer, the reward given for the safety of anything." Jamieson. " Many of the inhabitants of Northumberland and Durham, who were more especially liable to be plundered by those mauraders, paid them sattfey -money, or blackmail, in consideration that the said thieves should not steal their cattle, and that they should assist the payers in recovering their property, in the event of their being robbed by any other thieves from the same dale." S. Oliver, jun, Ramblss in Northumberland, 1835,
p. 132.
SAUGH, SAP, SAUF, SAUGH-TREE,

term saugh
is
the willow. The applied to willows generally, and not only to the Salix caprea and the Salix alba. The Salix cinerea is known as the grey saugh. The willow catkins are called palms. Compare WITHY. Saughy, abounding with willows. See
also SEALY, SELE.
"
They made a bier of the birken boughs Of the saw/ and the espin grey."
R. Surtees, Barthram's Dirge.
"
The
glossy palm gilds the saugh-tree."
R. Roxby, Poetic
Epistle, 1845.
SAUTER.
"
See SAAT.
saffron.
Northumberland saying.
SAVERNEY,
As
yalla as a sxverney."
SAW-BILL,
YARRELLS.
the
goosander, Mergus merganser,
Linn.
See
SAYBEE
"
a shallot onion, A Ilium ascalonicum, [N.] " onions and shallots. Ingins and saybees
,
Linn.
SCABBLE,
to dress the face of a building stone

;
blows from a chisel-pointed hammer the stone being laid on " bed " and the hammer strokes its given down its face. The tool used for the purpose is variously called a "scaplar" or " scabbier," a " wasp," a " whass," and sometimes a " bitch and pups." It is a hammer with a chisel point let
into either end.
by a
series of
SCABBY,
"
scabby-iQoi is at the top.
applied in coal mining to the roof of the mine. A when the coal does not part freely from the stone
roof,
roof
is
seam of coal is said to have a claggy top when it adheres to the and is with difficulty separated. It most frequently occurs when the post or sandstone rock, and is uneven or scabby, Green well,
Glossary of Coal Trade Terms,
598
shabby.
"
SCABBY,
A scabby fellow"
and
scaddeet
;
a shabby or
p.p.
scadden),
mean man.
to
scald.
SCAD
Scaddin
(p.t.
scadded
scalding hot. Scadded peas, boiled or scalded were formerly eaten out of a large bowl, and the peas. They one who obtained the last pea was supposed to be first married.
het,
SCAFFOLD,
SCAFFY,
in mining, the platform at the top of a winning.
irregular in character ; applied to a deposit of clay, " is applied to a deposit of stone, and suggesting as "raffety worthless or refuse stuft.
" Blue
scaffy
clay."
Borings and Sinkings, L. R., p. 219.
SCAIRSH,
scarce.
"
SCAIRSHLY, SCARSHLY,
is scairsh
scarcely.
When wark
and leevin dear."

T. Wilson, The Market Day, 1854.
SCAITH,
harm.
See SKAITH.
to disperse.
SCALE, SKAIL,
from a cart
Manure is dropped on land heaps which are subsequently Mole heaps scaled, that is, scattered evenly over the surface. are similarly treated, the cast-up earth being scattered The latter requirement occurs as a clause in broadcast. Scale is also applied -intransitively to certain farm leases.
in isolated little
the
dispersal of a company of people, especially to the separation of a congregation from a church or chapel. Scale, in mining, the dispersal of the ventilating current by its escape through the crevices in doors or brattice or a scale of air, a portion abstracted from the main current and allowed to escape through a door or stopping for the purpose of See REGULATING ventilating a waggon or rolley way, etc.
;
SCALE and SLIDE REGULATOR. " An aad poke is aye scalin." Newcastle proverb.
"
They
1627.
are also required to
scale,
mole, and dress the

p. 713.
Cow
Hill,
Moor,
and Leazes."
"
Mackenzie, Hist, of Newcastle,
Towne Towne
ffeilds, Sd.
Paid the Wayte for goeing a day with the scaylers in the Paid the Bellman for giveing warneing about the
to scale the
Towne
ffeilds
ffeilds, 2d.
1628.
Payd
to the piper for
goinge to the towne about the town, is."
withe scallers, and the bellman for going twis Gateshead Church Books.
" Our men lap on horsebak againe, and chaced the said Scottes notwithstanding a parte of the said Scottes kept themselfes to geders, and (when our men were skaled in the said chace) set upon the hynderende of our said chace." Dacre to Wolsey, July 8, 1524, in Dr. Charlton's North Tynedale, second edition, p. 46.
599
SCALE,
wooden
shovel, with three flat points at the bottom,

hills.
used for scattering mole
SCALE- A WAY
Brockett.
a disorder, a whitlow; a rash in children.
SCALEBREAK, SCALEBRIK, SKYELBRIK,
a sudden scattering or stampede, also the noise or commotion made by " Thor wis a a dispersing crowd. bonny scalebreak amang them when the soulgers cam." a thin dish used in the dairy for skimming
SCALE-DISH,
milk.
Brockett.
SCALE-DRAKE,
also bandganner,
the shieldrake Tadorna Belonii, Ray.
Called
skell,
and
skellduke.
See SKELL.
SCALLION,
young onion
in the stage of
growth before the
bulb has formed.
SCALLOP,
to
work coal
in the
mine
entirely
by the hand,
2.
without the use of gunpowder.
Brockett.
See SKELP,
SCALP, SCAUP, SCARP

piece of ground. are beached for
(the I in scalp not sounded), a bare shore bared at low tide, where vessels examination and repair but especially applied to bare oozy flats, suitable for the growth of mussels
The
and
oysters.
thin fossiliferous bed
composed
shells.
See MUSHEL.
The
flat
shore between
Low
chiefly of
and Tynemouth is called the Mussel Scalp. An oyster scaup has been formed of late years in Budle-Slake, near Belford. The Scappy, at Holy Island, was at one time an oyster
ground. " The most
interesting objects on this hill (Chatton Law) are some curious and mysterious sculpturings on the scalp of rocks protruding from beneath the soil." J. E. Boyd, Hist. ofBwks. Nat. Club, 1862, p. 337.
"
Lights
On
traceable."
the scalp of the rock where it dips into the Geo. Tate, Same, vol. v., 1863, p. 151.
hill,
four figures are
the Ship called the John and Margaret, late belonging to Miller deceased, and now lying upon the Scalp against Mr. the widow, etc." Jennison's Key, North Shields, in order to be sold by Advertisement, Newcastle Courant, No. 115, September i, 1722.
"Whereas
Bryan
SCALY,
band
resembling shale.
of
scaly
parting in a stratum
is
shale-like " " shivery parting.
material, and is distinguished from Scaling post, schistose sandstone.
a a
6OO
SCAM, SCAME,
is
a stain, a stigma, a blot, a mark, a blur. It constantly used as a term for the impurities in rocks and minerals. Seamy, stained, or having stigmas, blots, or patchy marks. A dog which has the hair off in patches, or a sheep which has lost patches of its wool, is called seamy. Paper having portions of the surface abraded is also called seamy. In mining, seamy post is sandstone having a patchy appearance from the inter-mixture of foreign substances, such as mica, arranged in very thin layers. Coal also is called seamy when it presents the appearance of impurities, such as deposits of lime or other matter, intermixed with its texture. Or, again, shale that shows intercalations of other substances in a patchy form is called seamy metal to distinguish it from a stratum having a homogeneous character. Seamy is also used " Ye as a term of contempt. seamy beggar." [N.], to stain. tyebelclaith an' scam'd
SCAM
it
" Th' bairn spilt the tye on th' " Sair seam'd" a'." badly stained.
SCAMMLE,
seammle
to scramble.
At weddings
money
after leaving the church.
it is customary to See SCRAMMLE.
SCANT,
scarcity, scantiness, poverty.
Through
scant,
To fight your way and want, and misery."

pt.
iii.,
"
v. 50.
SCAPLAR, a mason's pick. SCAPPY. See SCALP.

SCAR,
"
See SCABBLE.
a rough, bare precipice.
Compare CAR.
steep rock
;
'
Scar, an old word, signifying a Castle in Yorkshire took its name."
New World of Words, 1706. " At the head of Redesdale there are some scars, consisting of huge masses of disjointed and fallen rocks." Hodgson Northumberland, pt. ii.,
vol. i, p. 135, note.
whence Scarborough
SCAR,
in
a piece of furnace slag, scoria, or clinker.
SCARE,
patch of limited, irregular area, found "parting" is a very thin continuous stratum a scare is a similar, very thin stratum, which is not continuous, but occurs like a patch. Scares of coal, streaks
a thin, filmy stratification.

;
pipes.
scars of that material. They are also called coalScares of metal, patches of shale. Scares of brass, patches of iron pyrites. The word is also used to describe the condition of anything irregularly marked. Badly washed
or
little
clothes,
having imperfectly cleansed and patchy marks
left
6OI
" Also the on them, are said to be scared or " gaited [N.] occurrence of any mineral, as in the expressions, patchy " Thill scared " Courses of sand sometimes scared with coal," with black stone," " Leaf clay scared with sand," " Metal scared with post," etc. Compare SCAM.
SCARE,
SCARF,
other.
the edge of a " scarf" when it is visible in consequence of imperfect welding in a forged piece of iron. the weld in a chain, etc. so named from the two united ends being scarfed or tapered so as to overlap each
;
SCARP,
o'
a bare piece of ground.
See SCALP.
" That's a scarry horse
SCARRY,
yors."
easily scared or frightened.
SCARRY, marked
with scares.
,
See SCARE,
,
i.
SCAR SCART, "
" Scart to scratch. [T.] [W.-T.] to scratch the ear, as one does when puzzled and the lug " Aa'll in a dilemma. gar ye scart where it's not yuccy" make you scratch where it is not itchy that is, shall whip or " to scratch the surface merely, smack you. " Scart on
SCRAT
applied to finicking, temporizing, as distinguished from real earnest, work. " The hounds did scrauch an' shoot an'soiraboot." James Armstrong,
Wanny
Blossoms, 1879, p. 129. " Aw'm nyen o' yor scarters
Nyen handles
the pick like
and clawers Bob Cranky." Selkirk, Bob Cranky's 'Size Sunday, 1807.
:
SCARTINS,
scratchings.
poor penmanship,
any kind
of
markings or
SCATHERED FEET, feet

in the shoes.
injured from water and small coals
" It was, ne doot, a cooin sect
To
,\Vi"
see them hirplin cross the floor, anklets shaw'd and scattered feet, Wi' salve and ointment plaistered o'er." T. Wilson, Pitman's Pay, pt.
ii.,
1827, v. 16.
SCAUP,
It is
a bare place.
See SCALP.
Called covie and scaup. haunt on the Scaups or Scalps.
SCAUP-DUCK,
the Fuligiila marila, L.

its
probably called from See SCALP.
6O2
scrimp, short measure.
a
SCEMP, SKEMP,
SCHOOL, SKEEYUL,
"
company assembled
toss.
gambling game pitch and See SCUIL.
Schoolin,
to carry on the pitch and toss.
species of pitch
,
and
toss, called scouling, is their great
gambling
game,"
vol. vi
Dr. Wilson, Coal Miners.

p. 206.
Transactions oj Tyneside Field Club,
"
Scole, of pleyynge gamys, or werre, or other lyke."
Promptorium
Parvulorum, 1440.
SCLAT, SKLATE-STYENS,
made
flags.
of a schistose sandstone
rafters
the Northumberland slates, which readily splits into large They were regulately used on old roofs, pinned to the with mutton bones or oak trenails.
shallow, as a
sclate dish.
SCLATE,
Brocket.
SCLATER,
SCLOOT,
SCOB.
wood
louse.
Dr. Johnston, on Holy
"Sclaters were crawling on the paved floor." whs. Nat. Club, vol. vii., p. 32. Island. Hist, of
to squint.
i.
Brocket*.
See SCOUB,
SCON,
large,
to strike, to inflict punishment.
Brockett.
SCONCE,
Brockett.
a fixed seat on one side of the fireplace in the old, a short partition near the fire upon which all the bright utensils in a cottage are suspended.
open chimney
SCONE,
SCOOL,
SCOOR,
a thick cake of wheaten flour

to scowl.
baked on a
girdle.
Generally applied to a horse.
diarrhoea in sheep and cattle.
SCOOR,
to clear out a ditch, to earth up a dyke or fence by digging a channel along its foot and building and squaring up the earth so removed on its sides and top. The channel left at the foot is called the scoorage. to thrash with a whip.
to scour, to clean
SCOOR,
SCOOR,
"
by rubbing.
1683.
For
scooreing
used as a lectern.)
ye Eagle, is. od." (Scouring the brass eagle Churchwarden 's Accounts, St. Nicholas', Newcastle.
603
SCOOT, SCOOT,
hole."
It is also
the guillemot, Una troile, L. So-called near Spittal. known as the willock and wullemot.
to squirt.
Scooter,
" See hoo the waiter's a syringe, a squirt.
scootin
oot
o'
that
SCOPE, SCOB.
of
See SCOUB,
i.
SCOPPER, SCOPPERALT, SCOPERAL,

wood put through charm is suspended as
a seton. A piece the dewlap of a beast from which a a defence against the " quarter-ill."
SCORE,
and
a standard number of tubs of coal upon which hewers' score in Durham putters' prices for working are paid. consists of twenty-one tubs of seven hundredweights each in Northumberland of twenty tubs. The rate of wages per score
is
called the score price.
SCOTCH,
a chock or block of wood placed in front of a waggon wheel on the rail to stop or block it. A "sprag" is a block of wood made to be thrust in between the spokes of a wheel
to act as a brake.
"'To
scoat or scotch
a wheel.
'To
Shatch a wheel.'"
New World of
Words, 1706.
" To skid a wheel, to stop the wheel of a coach or cart with a hook at the descent of a hill." The same.
SCOTCH-AND-ENGLISH. The
children of this day upon the English Border keep up the remembrance (of the ancient feuds) by a common play called Scotch and English or The Raid. The boys of the village choose two captains out of their body. Each nominates, alternately, one out of the little tribe. They then divide into two parties, strip, and deposit their clothes,
called "wad," in two heaps, each upon their own ground, which is divided by a stone, as a boundary between the two kingdoms each then invades the other's territories the English crying, "Here's a leap into thy land, dry-bellied He who can, plunders the other side. If one is Scot." caught in the enemy's jurisdiction, he becomes a prisoner, and cannot be released except by his own party. Thus one side will sometimes take all the men and property of the other. History of the Roman Wall, W. Hut ton, 1802, p. 86. The game was still played in Newcastle within the writer's
; ;
recollection.
SCOTCH DRAPER.
See MANADGE-MAN.
604
SCOTCH-DYKE,
an ancient military work, said to stretch from Thorn Gate, in West Allendale, northward by Catton Beacon, and across the Roman Wall at Busy Gap. Compare CATRAIL.
a wet fog, a sea
fret.
SCOTCH MIST,
"
Such a thick
They
"
Scotch mist cam on, could not see their way, man."
W.
Scotch mist will
Armstrong, d. 1833-4, The Skipper's Mistake. weet an Englishman to the skin."

Hislop, Proverbs of Scotland.
SCOTCH STREET,
the
common
It
road by
a
;
Elsdon
from
Scotland to Newcastle.
was generally
mere trackway,
and, until the though in some boggy places it is paved making of the Ponteland road, was in regular use. It was also called the Salter's Way. Hodgson, Northumberland,
pt.
ii.,
vol.
i.,
p. 349, n.
SCOUB, SCOWB,
Scoubs, in thatching, wood, sharpened at
a sapling or "sooker" of willow or hazel. were short rods of hazel or other tough each end and then bent into the form of staples. They were put over the "temple rods" on the (hatch, into which they were thrust, the sharp ends of the scoubs penetrating to the flag, or turf flake, below and thus holding down the surface of the thatch securely. Scoubs, in " crab-creeves " fishing, the bent hazel rods used in making " A scob at the needle," a phrase applied to a (crab-traps). bad sewer. [Wooler.] a winter onion
that
is,
SCOUB,
sown
in
the ordinary garden onion

" Thoo's
autumn and transplanted.

to singe,
SCOUDER, SCOWTHER,
scoutherin a' the
41
to
burn.
breed."
anything in cooking
;
To mismanage
to scorch it."
Hodgson MS.
SCOULING.
SCOUR.
SCOUT,
scroggv.
See SCHOOL.
See SCOOR.
a high rock or projecting ridge.
Bvockett.
SCR AB- APPLE,
the crab apple, Pyrus mains, L.
Called also
"Scrab apples, a name given by Alnwick boys to fir cones with which they used to pelt each other in front of the castle on July fair Sunday. Origin of the custom unknown. They're gan to put doon the fair, so we'll hae nae mair fun firin' scrab apples."' Alnwick J. L. Luckley, Language.
605
SCRAFFLE,
and
a scramble or struggle, as in the act of scratching feeling with the hands in an attempt to find or clutch a thing. money is scrambled and the effort to obtain a share is a matter of difficulty there is said to be a scraffle. To scramble along or climb up with great effort to struggle with hands and feet. Applied to a man's circumstances, to struggle for a livelihood, to contend against bodily infirmity. " Hoo are " Aa's middlin ye thi day, lad?" tidy, hinny
When
just scrafflin
on just managing to get on with great effort. "When they scammelt the money at Bob's weddin, thor wis sic a scrafflin for'd as aa nivver seed."
"
"Aw graped my way

An' down the
stairs
out
i"
the dark,
Toby.
aw scraffleVd." W. Stephenson, Punch and
SCRAMMLE, "
a scramble, to scramble.
bride kyek neist, byeth sweet and short, toss'd in platefuls ower the bride lads and lasses scrammel'd for't Wi' airms and mouths stretch'd far and wide."
The
Was
The
pt.
iii.,
1829, v. 83.
SCRAN,
food.
" Sae weel she ettles what
aw
get,
Sae far she a'ways gars it gan, That nyen can say we are i' debt, Or want for owther claes or scran."
pt.
i.,
1826, v. 80.
SCRANCH, SCRUNCH, "

between the
teeth.
to
grind with a crackling noise
Scranchin the teeth."
SCRANCHIM, SCRANCHUMS,
thin cakes,
gingerbread baked in very
which
"
scranch or crackle in eating.

like
Another name
for these is brandy snaps.
Bring pockets
Ye'll get
a fiddle bag,
them cram'd wi' mony a whag Of pepper-kyek an' scranchim, O."

Song, Wreckington Hiring. Marshall's Collection, 1827, p. 178.
SCRANKIT,
shrunken, diminutive.
" In that small scranhit scrap of human mould Their orator, par excellence, behold." W. Kelly, Teetotallers of the Tyne, 1854, P- 2I
SCRAPER,
a fiddler a fiddle stick an instrument for bringing the dust out of a drill hole a piece of bent hoop iron used tor taking the wet off a horse. A very common term for a greedy,
;
acquisitive person. " Some wicked wag his
scraper, greas'd,
And
stole his rosin
(ill
betide
him
"
pt.
ii.,
!)
v. 7,
606
a scratch. To dig about with a small stick or piece as rag collectors do in dust heaps. "To scrat for a See SCART. to gain a precarious subsistence.
SCRAT,
of iron, " leevin
SCRAT,
a mean, penurious, or contemptible person.

to give mouth, like a dog. scraugh of a heron.
SCRAUGH, SCRAUCH,
hoarsely.
To
cry
The
SCREAMER,
martin.
the swift, Cypselus apus, L.
Called also the black
See SQUEALER.
" Aa wis [W.-T.] creased, crumpled, crushed. the crood." A variant of scrushed, which see.
,
SCREASED
sair screased
i'
SCREECH-OWL,
the barn owl, Strix flammea, called howlet, white-owl, or gilli-howlet.
L.
Variously
SCREED," a writing, a document. " He hesn't a screed ti'show for't." He signed the screed." A part or portion. " Just a sing us a screed o' yen o' yor sangs, Tom." A harangue wearisome discourse. " A lang screed o a sarmon." A long drink. A narrow strip of land; a narrow strip of material.
;
1
rend.
" Teer us off a screed o' that ti' myek a garten." To tear, to "Screed off that piece o' flannen." Compare SCRIBE.
SCREEN, SKREEN,
a large spout usually placed over the railway leading from a colliery. The bottom of the screen is perforated with gratings by which small coal is separated
from large. The terms screened and unscreened coal indicate whether such a separation has been made or not before putting the coal on rail. Screens were introduced about the year 1740 by Mr. W. Brown. They were at first made very narrow, but were enlarged towards the year 1770. T. J.
Taylor, Archeology of the Coal Trade, p. 195, n. Screener, screenman, the man at a colliery who fills railway waggons from the screens. He sees that the coal is clean as it passes out of the screen, and he "wales" out impurities.
SCREENGE,
When
leather."
ice is too
to crackle, as ice when it gives to the tread. weak to walk or skate on it is called "bendy-
SCREMERSTON CROW,
It is
the hooded crow, Corvus comix, L. as hoody, grey-backed crow, and corby. Locally called Scremerston crows, "because they frequent the coast thereabout in winter and spring." Dr. Hardy, Denham Tracts, vol. i.,
known
P- 35-
607
SCRETHY-HOLE,
"The
todde he
lair.
Gloamyn Buchte.
frae the screthy holes.'' James Telfer, 1824, Minstrelsy of the English Border, p. 188.
cam
The
SCRIBE,
o'
a pen."
is."
" He disna knaa hoo ti handwriting. myek the scribe "Just gi'z a bit scribe off yor han' to show whe aa
strip of
narrow
any material.
Compare SCREED.
SCRIBE,
a long and narrow strip of arable land, of about two in length by ten to fourteen feet in width, in the Common field at Newtown, Warkworth. In that town each freehold burgage had attached to it a half acre in Heather Leazes, or at the Moor also a ten and a scribe in Newtown, the foregoing being freeholds. To each burgage was attached a half acre of arable land in Newtown, and a half acre of old grass in New Close or in Gilden, held of the In February, 1892, scribes and tens at lord during pleasure. Newtown belonging to the late Colonel George Forster were put up for sale. The conditions of sale describe three scribes Each scribe thus as containing two roods and two perches. averages 8a6J square yards in this case over one-filth of an acre each.
hundred yards
SCRIEVE,
scriever
to write or or scrieve knife.
mark on timber with

"
a cutter called a
SCRIMP,
Nicely scrimpt not over-cooked. Scrimp meals" scanty meals. Scrimpy, " The aad miser's as scanty, miserly. scrimpy as can be."
"
to narrow, to shorten, to scant.
"
SCROG, SCROGS,
"He rough brushwood or underwood. went lowpin ower the scrogs." It occurs frequently as a placename. " The Scrogs" "Whittle Scrogs," etc. Scroggy, rough, unridded, left with the natural growth of brushwood.
"
Brown and heathy

ii.,
sloe thorn."
land, pt.
Hodgson,
i.,
vol.
rocky brows, scraggy hirsts of hazel and the NorthumberDescription of Woodside, Redesdale. p. 100,
knolls,
.
" Call at Scrogg House, round
And back by Walker quay."
Byker
fields,
Song, Lass of Wincomblee.
SCROGGY
"
jelly.
" [N.], a crab apple. Scroggv jelly" " bus a crab tree. See SCRAB. Scroggy
,
crab apple
SCROUNGE
to crush or squeeze together, as in a [N.] crowd. "What are ye scroungin us for? Is there no' room aneuf thonder ? " Compare SCRUSH, SCRUDGE.
608
SCROW,
" Thor'll be a a crowded or confused state. bonny comes in." " Next week she'll be scrow on when the train cleanin' the hoose, an' we'll be aa'll in a scrow."
SCROWS,
pools.
the small shrimp-like insect found in fresh water
Bvockett.
SCRUDGE,
Also a niggardly fellow. " He's an aad scmdge." to pack. or crush together
;
crush,
a packed
crowd
a variant of scntsh.
To crowd
"Ye
nivver see'd the church sae scrudg'd,

thegither,
As we war there
An' gentle, semple, throughways nudg'd, Like burdies of a feather." T. Thompson, Jemmy Joneson's IV hurry.
SCRUFF, SCRUFF,
collar.
scurf.
SCRUFFY,
scurvy.
" He the nape of the neck. tyuk him bi the scru/o' the neck." It refers either to the neck itself or to the coat "
SCRUFFLE,
the scvuffle"
a scuffle
to scuffle.
He
lost his
hankesher
Compare SCRAFFLE and SCUFFLE.

See SCUFFLER.
to
SCRUFFLER.
SCRUMFISH,
scumfish.
suffocate.
not infrequent variant of
SCRUNSH,
SCRUNTS,
to crunch.
See SCRANCH.
See RUNT,
;
the stumps of cabbage stalks.
2.
SCRUNTY,
small, mean, poor, bare, barren, poverty-stricken contemptible. Applied to persons, it means diminutive, undergrown, or ill-thriven or to characters, miserly, hardfisted. " He's a 44 poor, Lyuk what a little scrunty bit he's gi'en us." sitten-on, scrunty body." Compare RUNTY and RUNT. Scrunties, small playing marbles, made of common clay. Called also commonies and runts.
;
"
Mushrooms,
at Bellingham,
were found on a
scrunty,
heathery
bit
cir-
of land, where you would not expect them to cumstances." Hexham Courant, June, 1890.
grow under any
SCRUSH, a crush, a crowd. " " Whe are ye scrushin ?

"
To
crush,
mixture
to
crowd upon.
E. Corvan,
There was
d. 1865,
The Rise
scrushin, an' pushin, sic a in Coals.
o* folks."
609*
SCRY,
Border foray.
the rousing of the country, or hue-and-cry, in time of a (Obs.) " They found the flood too high to ford the gates of the bridge (at Haydon Bridge) shut against them and, as they fled on foot, they heard the deep opening mouth of the bloodhound, that made the welkin tremble, and the scry of the country people, headed by the bailiff of Hexham and the constable of Langley, pursuing them in hot-trod close
; ;
at their heels." "
iii.,
2, p. 380.
James's even, the 24th day of July, came Liddisdale men to the barony of Langley, to the number of six score. At six o'clock in the morning the scry rose through the country, and them that was next went forward in all haste." Letter, temp., Henry VIII. Hodgson, above, p. 386.
On
St.
SCUDDOCK,
"
Aw
a small coin or something of smallest value. wonder whe wad cared a scuddick."
W. Oliver, d. 1848, The Lament. " Aw'd getten the brass, every scuddoch." E. Corvan, d, 1865, Astrilly's Goold Fields. A llan 's Collection 1 89 1
,
SCUDGY,
SCUEVE,
a rough apron.
to shift
elwis scuevin on wi'
and screw about with the yor feet." See SCUIFF.

"
Scuffle
feet.
" Y'or
SCUFFLE,
to shuffle.
the cairds."
SCUFFLER, SCRUFFLER,
;
a horse-hoe for cleaning drill It is furnished with four or five strong iron hoes or crops. Each hoe is called a scuffler foot. Scuffle, to clean shares. with a scuffler applied to crops.
to bustle, to hurry.
SCUFTER,
the train."
"
He
scuftered
off
to catch
SCUFTER,
Newcastle
;
a policeman.
cant word formerly

to
common
in
now probably
"
obsolete.
SCUIFF, SKUIFF, SCUEVE,

other in walking.
"
knock one leg against the

Jamieson.
scuiffin
walker."
To
scttfi,
to graze, to touch lightly."
SCUIL, SKEYUL, SKYUL,

"
A scuil
o'
harrin,"
"
scuil o'
a school, a shoal of fishes. porpoises," etc.
SCUM, SCUM, "

gob
a darkening
to
gloom over the sky.

" Aa'll gie ye a scum on the
strike in the mouth. a blow on the mouth.

"
Come
Ye'll gie thor
England's foes, a countless crew, gobs ascummin." R. Gilchrist, d. 1844, A Voyage
to
Lnnnin.
6lO
to choke,
to smother.
tl
SCUMFISH,
smokin' till aa's wi' the stythe."
fair scumfished."
" The chimley's been Yen on them wis scumfished
" Katherine, daughter to George Errington, taylor, 1699, J une 2. St. Nicholas' Church Books, Newcastle, p. 18. scumfish d in a pan of water."
SCUNCH,
the cheek or aperture the frame of a door or window.
left in
a wall for receiving
SCUNNER,
aversion, disgust, contempt.
youthful bride;
" She's taken the pet or got huffed. gotten the scunners Scunner, scanner, to shrink, to flinch, to recoil in aversion or " he saa'd he scunnered at the verra seet contempt. " He nivver scunnart" never flinched. on't." did not " did not observe or pay attention to. scunner
groom, on being asked by the clergyman if he would take this woman to be his wedded wife, declined to do so and, on " being asked his reason, said he had tyen a scunner at her."
"
When
"He
11
He
didn't scunner
me
at all
Nowse mindin' then but

"
Nelly's jawin'." T. Wilson, Pitman's Pay, pt.
iii.,
1829, v. 41.
They
scunner self-denial."
W.
Kelly, Teetotallers of the Tyne, 1854, p. 26.
SCURRY,
to hurry.
"
Scurry in ower the hills." J. P. Robson, d. 1870, Sang
o"
Solomon,
ii.,
Northumberland
version, ch.
v. 8.
SCUTTLE,
SCUTTLE,
a scoop or baler for water, or a vessel for holding coals at the fireside.
a hat or bonnet of any kind
a cant word.
SCUTTLE, SCUTTOR,
to hurry off precipitately.

all
Compare
SCUFTER. " To scud, or scuddle away, to scamper or run away New World of Words, 1706. " Away she skuttors in hor coach."
J.
of a sudden."
P. Robson, The Tip Top Wife, 1870.
SCYTHE, SITE
blade,
the Scythe, in its old form, consists of the fastened to a long, light pole called a sned, and stiffened at the angle, where blade and sned meet, by the The grass-nail also prevents the throat of the grass-nail. scythe from being choked. The handles projecting from the sned are called nibs, and at the further end, on the mower's left, is the strickle, which acts at once as sharpening stone and counterpoise to the blade. Scythe-stitch, a twitching of the muscles of the arms, caused by using the scythe.
;
which
is
SE, SEE,
SO. " For his hair is brown, and se is thine, Your eyes are grey, and se are mine,
6ll
Thy
nose
is
taper'd off
like
se fine
Thou's
thy daddy, Johnny." E. Nunn, Sandgate Wife's Nurse Song.

Fordyce's Collection, 1842, p. 243.
"
Oh
hinny Nan, noo lizen me,

gliffed
An' thou shall hear what's
me see.''
Lament for
the Clock Fyece. Allan's Collection, 1863, p. 2.
SEA,, SOO, SOA, a water bucket.

(Obs.)
Called also a water-sea.
SEA-CAT,
the wolf
fish,
Anarrhichas htpus, Yarrell.
SEA-COAL.
Newcastle by
Coals in
London were
originally borne from
sea, and were distinguished the designation of sea -coal.
from charcoal by
SEA-CRAA,
the black-headed gull, Larus ridibundus, Called also peewit gull and picima.
the
Yarvell.
SEA-DEVIL,
common
angler
or fishing frog,
Lophius
piscatorius, Yarrell.
SEA-FRET, SYE-FREET
[N.], a damp fog from the sea. Applied also to a temporary thaw occasioned by the salt vapour during the rising tide. In North Northumberland "fresh" sye-freet is a short interval of thaw between frosts weather of short duration.
SEA-GULL, SEA-MEW,
the
common gull, Lams

catarractes,
canus,
L.
SEA-HAWK,
as a dirt
bird.
the skua, Stercorarius
L.
Also
known
SEAL,
the foot-print of the otter. a willow tree.
SEAL,
SELE.
SEALY,
abounding with willows.
See
SEA-LARK,
the ring dotterel, Charadrius hiaticula, L. the dunlin, Pelidna cinclus, L. See PURRE and STINT.
;
Also
SEALING-LINK
one board
vol.
ii.,
woodwork with
in another.
sealing-link is that in
which
is
groven
Welford, Hist, of Newcastle,
p. 513.
6l2
SEAM,
a stratum of coal. Each seam has its distinctive name. In the Newcastle district the most important are called the main seams, as " high-main," or first important seam met with on descending from the surface and "low-main," the seam at a lower depth in the series. Seams are also- distinguished by their thickness, as " five-quarter coal," " three-quarter coal," the quarter here meaning nine inches or quarter of a yard. Proper names, too, have been applied, either from the owner of the royalty, or as indicating the name of the coal owner who first wrought a particular seam, as Harvey seam, Townley seam, Beaumont seam, etc. The last-named is often called the " engine seam," with curious emphasis on the " " not otherwise given. Place-names are also applied gine as probably indicating the spot where such seams were first
;
extensively wrought, as Busty bank, etc.
See BROCKWELL.
SEAM, SEYME, SEEM,
a quantity of goods equivalent to a load that is, the load commonly carried by a pack horse. In old charters " seyme of salmon" is thus specified. A "seam of wood" is a horse load; of corn, eight bushels; of glass, 120 Ibs. (Obs.)
SEA-MICE
;
(pronounced sigh-mice], the small waders; the the stints, Pelidna cinclus and sanderling, Calidris arenaria,.L. P. mimita the dotterils, Charadrius morinellus and C. hiaticida, etc. They are also called pennymen near Bamburgh.
;
SEA-MINNOW,
SEAM-NAIL,
the
young
of
i.
the
carbonarius, Yarrell.
See
H ALLAN,
coal-fish,
Merlangus
a riail without a point, from one to one-and-aquarter inch long, on to which a rove is rivetted.
thin,
SEAMY,
thready; applied to thin deposits found as
partings between strata.
SEA-PARROT,
conlterneb
coast
all
the puffin, Fratemtla arctica, L. Called also Norvie. A resident frequent on the the year. It breeds on the Fame Islands.
and Tommy
SEA-PHEASANT,
SEA-PIE,
the pintail duck, Dafila acuta, L.
a term for pot -pie,
which
see.
SEA-PIN ER,
for several
a cold wind, without rain, blowing from the sea consecutive days. Pine, to dry, to desiccate. The north-east wind is a finer, drying up everything in its path. Its effect in retarding vegetation is a marked characteristic,
613
SEA-PIOT,
ostralegus,
SEA-PYET, the oyster catcher, Hacmatopus This is a resident in our district, and is L. abundant by our sea shore. Piot, a magpie.
to
sift
SEARCE,
or
strain
through a sieve.
See
CIRSE,
SEERSER, and SES.
SEA-ROARER,
when placed on
large whelk. the ear.
So-called from the sound
SEA-SALE,
LANDSALE.
coals that are shipped.
Compare SEA-COAL and

maculatus, Block.
SEA-SOW,
the ballan wrass,

the
Labrm
SEA-SWALLOW,
on the coast the
common
sye-swallow,
and sometimes
tern, Sterna hirundo. teenn.
Called
SEAT,
seat."
silt.
"
The
cuttin' wis
made through nowt but black
SEAT-AND-SADDLE,
and woman.
was
the equipment of a horse for a man was the pillion for the woman, which fastened behind the saddle.
The
seat
SEATH, SAITH,
advanced stage of
the coal-fish, Merlangus cavbonarius, at See COALSAY. its growth.

rushes.
an
SEAVES, SIEVES, SEVES,

sieve t
"
Hodgson
MS.
Candle-
a rushlight.
Seavy ground, such as
is
overgrown with rushes."
Bailey, Dictionary.
SEA-WARE,
rack or wrack.
belks,
sea-weed.
The
stick-like
Called in North Northumberland stems are called ware-wassal,
or bans, and their tops may-tops.
Compare MAY-WEED
and WASSAL.
SEC, SIC,
Sometimes the form is seckin. " Seckin a such. " such a disturbance or dust there was stoor thor wis on " At seckin a time." See Sic. on. going
working
also
broken
SECOND-WORKING,
working.
The
roof.
pillars
pillars in a coal mine ; called are left after the first
working to support the
SEE,
so.
Compare SE.
thout
"Aw
turn,"
aw wad dih see tee, see aw stept up an' began Thomas Bewick, The Upgetting, ed. 1850, p. 14.
ih
maw
614
SEE- AN '-SEE,
so-and-so, used for an anonymous person, or for the expression of indifferent health or bodily condition. " Hoo are " If ye ax see-an'-see ye knaa whe he'll tell ye." " " see-an'-see." thi day ? Just ye
SEED,
"
saw, seen.
seed it
11
Used
as p.t. and p.p. of the verb to see.
Aa
mesel."
6, v. 5.
Like a flock o' goats that's seed frae Gilead." Robson, Sang o' Solomon, Newcastle version, ch.
SEED-POOR,
ready
for
a furrow with a good "comb" on either side, the reception of the seed before harrowing-in
commences.
SEEDIN,
is
applied to cows and other animals rising prior to their giving birth.
when
"
the milk
SEEDS,
SEEK,
" It's nowther seeds nor meal oat husks. one thing nor the other.
neither
" to bring or carry anything. Hadaway seek the milk." " Aa's ti seek the watter in." Seekin is also used in the gan sense of going round to beg for help. " She'd been oot seekin " aal day asking for charity.
sick.
SEEK,
SEEL,
" Seek
ti
;
Seekenin, sickening
" deed sick to death. also childbed.
Seekness, sickness.
a saddle or pillion.
"
The hinds of Longhirst grange awoke, And looked towards Morpeth town
;
When
a knight with a lady on his seele, Like the wind came rushing down." F. Sheldon, Lord Hepburn.
Minstrelsy of the English Border, 1847, p. 97.
SEEM,
" to beseem, to suit in appearance, to become. " seems that, noo of a man with a new hat). With the (said " Mother qualification ill it means the opposite. says aa ill-seem a dorty face" (said by a servant who was told how
well she looked
He
when she was cleaned

2.
up).
SEEM,
north
a load.
See SEAM,
SEEMLY,
SEEP,
seemingly, apparently.
"
He
wis seemly gannin
when aa saa him."

to percolate slowly
;
an occasional form of
sipe.
615
it.
SEER, "
seer
"
sure.
" Aa's seer on't

lost."
"
sure of
" Aa's sartin
quite sure. Yer maist seer to get
James Armstrong,
Crossing the Cheviots,
1879.
SEERSER, SEESER, SISSOR,

of
wood about
about a foot in diameter. A hair cloth allows the " churn milk " to pass whilst the particles of butter are retained. It
is
a milk sieve, made of a rim six inches in height, bent into a short cylinder
also called
cirse
and
ses.
Compare
It
is
SILE.
SEESTA, SEESTHA, SITHA, "

" seest thou pause in a sentence. nowt inside."
meaning
"
When
look! see! an exclamation, commonly used as a mere aa cam in, seesta, thor wis
"
Finer,
seeste,
ne'er were bred."
pt.
iii.,
1829, v. 99.
SEET,
sight.
Light, night, right, bright, dight, are (in S., T.,

leet, neet, reet, breet, deet.
and W.-T.) similarly
SEET
SEG,
[N.]
soot.
Iris pseudacorus,
a sedge, but, specially, the yellow iris, or fleur de lis, L. S^-bus, a bush or clump of segs. Segs are tied up in bundles and used as floats by boys learning to swim. " Aa larned ti' soom on a bundle o' segs. A partially castrated bull, usually called a bull-s^. Compare RIGGET.
An
fat,
easy-going, lazy person. Seggy, soft-natured, easy-going. " greet seg." lazy woman is called a
SEG,
to sag or bend down, as a slack rope or chain, or as a plank bridge when weighted.
SEGGAR, SEGGAR-CLAY, " "

frequently forms the
thill
the stratum of clay which or floor of a coal seam. See
SAGGER-CLAY.
SEINDLE,
seldom.
"
(Obs.)
But
seindle
now ye can
her see." G. Stuart, Joco-Serious Discourse, 1686,

!
p. 28.
"
For sailors sei'idle pray, but when " There is nae help fra mortal men
The same,
p. 70.
SEIT,
" there's nee seit" comparison, as
SEKKIT,
a reproachful term used to a child.
See SACKIT.
6l6
self.
SEL,
Used
in all the
combinations of the word
as mesel,
thasel, kissel, for
myself, thyself, and himself, and worsels, yorsels, thorsels, ourselves, yourselves, themselves. For kissel (hiz-sel), the form "his aan sel" is frequently used. "He did it his aan " sel" For itself, " the sel on't is the common form. u The In North Northumberbairn can gan bi the sel on't noo." land the diminutive form selly is used.
" Since he's gyen Shields hezzent luik't like the Morris, Canny Shields, 1849.
11
sel
on't."
John
Selly' s
a queer dog."
Old saying.
SELE,
a marshy water-course, a stream creeping through reeds and rushes. Brockett, third edition. Compare SEAL.
SELION,
"
a strip of ploughed land. (Obs.) ridge of land which lies between two furrows."
Bailey, Dictionary,
second edition.
" 12 selions of land as they separately lie without the walls of the in the Castle-field (the Leazes), the Welflatte, in Elstwyk field." vol. i., p. 31.
town and 24 selions without the said town in -Deed of A.D. 1491. Archceologia JEliana,
" In the flat town fields the samcasts, sellions, ridges, and other descriptions of doles were divided by a rhyn, or rain (rein), a balk or stripe of unploughed land." Hodgson, Northumberland, in., 2, p. 402, n.
SELL,
a
a porpoise (Northumberland).
sold.
Halliwell.
SELLEN,
sellen
The common form

a bar of a gate.
of the p.p.
"
Aa wadn't
the horse for owt like that."
See SELT.
SELM, SELLEM,
SELT, SELD,
semment body
Compare ELLEMS.
sold; the p.t.
SEMMENT, SEMMINT, "

SEND,
impetus.
" It
supple, wiry, energetic. a tough, wiry fellow.
" He's a
cam
wi' sic a send."
SENNEN, SINNEN, SENON,

senons o' his leg wi' the
a sinew.
"
He
cut yen
o'
the
adge."
See HOWFSENNEN.
SERVE,
gas is said to serve when it issues more or less Serve, in a regularly from a fault, slip, etc., in a coal mine. game, is to bowl or throw to a player.
a circular sieve for straining butter-milk.
SES,
See SARSE,
CIRSE, SEARCE, SEERSER.
617
SESS, an
exaction, a levy, an assessment. " We'll pay, and ne'er complain, The Jail-Ctfss, Mr. Mayor."
The Newgale
Street Petition.
Marshall's Collection, 1827, P- 82.
SET,
loosening of it preparatory to its falling down. A difficulty, hed sic a set wi'd." a trouble, a fuss, a disturbance. " " What a set " Aa'd sic a set ti get there." yo'r myekin aboot " it." They had sic a set on i' the street as ye"nivver seed." The poker's A bend or inclination from a straight line. " The door winna shut close getten a set" it'sgetten a. set." Of a wall it is usually said it has a "set in" or a "set out," according to the direction of its deviation from a right line.
a tool used in rivetting. See HOBBY. A train of coal tubs or waggons. " Teum set" a set of empty tubs. A column of pump-trees, with buckets, etc., complete. The spontaneous giving way of coal in a mine for want of support, or the
We
" The doors admit the set to pass through the one before the other is required to be opened." R. Scott, Ventilation oj Coal Mines, 1868, p. 10 " S^-rider, a lad who goes with a set of tubs on an engine plane in a Nicholson, Glossary, 1888. pit."
SET,
a tub in a pit unfairly, as when the large coals are left intentionally hollow in the tub or corf, and the top carefully filled over in order to get full payment for as small as possible a quantity of coals. This fraud can only be practiced where the hewers are paid by measure in place of which payment by weight is now most generally substituted. Greenwell, Glossary of Coal Trade, 1849. A tub thus filled was See SET-GOT. To suit, to fit, to also said to be cundied. " It sets him weel" become, as in the expression, (said of a coat or garment tried on). To accompany. " If ye'll wait till aa get me top coat on, aa'll set ye doon the road." " Aa went " Did " ti set me lass hyem." No, Jack ye come bi yorsel ?" " Aa wad setten set us ti the lonnin end." ye, had ye ax'd us." To propel a keel by thrusting it along with a puoy. " He'll
to
fill
built
up and
set
or
row
se tightly."
'*
Aa was
settin the keel, wi' Dick Stavers an Mat, An' the Mansion-hoose Stairs we were just alangside." J. Shield, My Lord 'Size.
1
Bell's
Rhymes, 1812,
p. 22.
SET,
to
cause
ti
there?"
"What
Draw
onybody
used in the phrase, "What set ye ti gan set ye ti think it wis me?" "What set cum on sic a day as this?"
;
Wi' lad
what's
set te
here se
lyet,
in a seat
and crook thy
hoff."
pt.
iii.,
v. 25.
6l8
SET,
" set away," "set off," generally used in combination, as " You'll set the roof " set to put in motion. "set up," doon," " the order to draw doon" cause the roof to fall. " Set up " talk impudently. " If ye set yor gob "Set the gob up up. " " to set in S^-away up ti me, aa'll clash yor jaa" for ye." a call from the banksman in a motion. " S^-away, there colliery to the onsetter to send the cage going down away empty, as men are going down in the one then running " Set the set away"" start away the train or set of tubs. up. " Set (said to a competitor in a game or yorsel away, man "Set away" also means to dismiss. "He's a encounter). poor, useless body, but aa's gan ti set him away."
!
SETAFOOT,
a schoolboy game in mimicry of Border warfare, the foray, the raid, the capture, the release, and the pillage. (Obs.) Wright, Glossary.
to join with others in work.
SET-IN,
"
of the band (of bellringers) observed, that all hands were there, the clock had struck ten, and they had better set in." Richardson, 1830. Table Book, Leg. div., vol. ii., p. 147.
One
SET-IN, SETTEN-IN,
skin after work.
ingrained, as dirt in the pores of the
SET-OOT,
is,
a corf was slack that called down, " This The Aye, aye, lad," replied the onsetter. hewing price of a set-oot corf was deducted from the hewer's wages at the pay.
set aside, forfeited.
filled,
When
not sufficiently " corf's set oot."
the
banksman
SET-OOT,
husbandry, to commence the formation of a rig. ploughing, is commenced with "the settin," the horses being guided to poles measured off to the required width of the rig. This is called the settin-oot.
in
rig, in
SET-POT, a seated or fixed pot, with a The common wash-house arrangement.
fire
and special
flue.
SET-RIDER,
plane.
a lad who goes with a set of tubs on an engine Nicholson, Glossary, 1888.
SETS, SETTERS,
'
a posing or difficult task or problem. This may refer either to a matter Aa'll gi' ye yor sets, noo." of endurance or skill, or to the solution of a riddle, etc.
to set to, to
" If aa'd
SET-TEE,
begin in earnest.
set-tee forst
oney
thing as aa intended
ti
dee."
at the Door.
James Horsley, A Carriage
SETTEN,
the p.p. of sit. Sitten and apparently with indifference.
setten
are both used,
SETTEN-ON, unwaxed, ungrown, of diminutive stature.

puddings, etc., "bishopped," "The taties is
applied
11
Also
or
to
burnt in settin-on, aa fear."
when
cooking,
See SITTEN.
the Tyne, 1849.
Poor
setten-on
bodies are lengthened." Geddes, Ikeybo. Bards of
SETTER, ONSETTER,
the bottom of the shaft.
the
man who
sends the coal from
SETTER,
an officer on the Border, who, with a searcher, was Two watchmen responsible for setting the appointed watch. were at their posts by night and one by day with setters and searchers of the same. At Haltwhistle, Bellister, at the fords, passes, and other points on the Tyne, this arrangement was elaborately organized. (Obs.)
the large pieces of coal set round the sides of a coal cart, in order that a heavier load of smaller coals may be piled up in the centre. Compare SET.
SETTERS,
SETTING-STONE,
sadling-stone.
a whetstone.
Called also
settling
and
SETTLE-BOARDS, SADDLE-BOARDS,
the portion of the
heapstead at the top of a pit shaft, and between it and the screens. It is covered with iron or metal sheets for the easy passage of the tubs to and from the screens. Greenwell, See FLAT-SHEETS. Glossary of Coal Trade, 1849. " Draw me to bank to the settle-boards of ease, there shall I rest on the
heap of plenty."
Collier's Letter to his Sweetheart.
SETTLING, sediment. SETTLING-STONE.
See SETTING-STONE.
SEUGH, SHEUGH, SOUGH, a small stream or open gutter Aa've been howkin running through land. A surface drain.
'
a seugh to wise the watter away fre' the yet" drain to conduct the water away from the gate.
"
cutting a
Nor ever
better never lap a dyke clear'd a sheugh or syke."
Poems, T. Donaldson, Glanton, 1809, p. 173.
SEUT,
soot.
See SYUT.
the strong
p.t.
SEW
last
(see-oo),
of sow.
"
He
sew the onion seed
week."
620
the plaice, Platessa vulgaris, Yarrell. " Behold some others ranged all along,
SEWANT,
To
take the
seivant,
Dennys'
Secrets of
yea the flounder sweet." Angling (Eng. Garner,
i.,
171.)
SEWER,
sure, certain.
[S.]
,
" He's sewer on't."

,
See SEER.
SEYEM SEYEP
SEYME,
SEYPE,
SYEM
SYEP
[T.]
same.
soap.
2.
[S.]
[T.]
a load.
See SEAM,
to ooze or drain off slowly.

[S.],
[S.]
,
See SIPE.
soon.
SEYUN SEYUT
SH,
SYUN, SUIN
[T.]
SYUT
[T.]
soot.
the alleged pronunciation, sh for ch, as Shatton for Chatton for Chillingham, is probably a rustic joke. If it ever existed, it may have been a mere family peculiarity " There's as perpetuated in sayings such as, good cheese in Chillingham as ever chafts chowed," "The children o' Chillingham gied to the children o' Chatton a chair to sit on." These are mere catch phrases, and are common to both sides of the Border, with variations in the place-names to
and Shillingham
suit.
(See Dr. Hardy, Denham Tracts, 1892, p. 272.)

to sneak
off.
Compare
CHEESE.
SHAB,
Compare SNOOVE.
" Nelson
and he together, The springy French did lether, And gar'd them shab away." T. Thompson, New Keel Row.
Bell's
Rhymes, 1812,
p. 6.
SHABBY.
Applied to health when indifferent.
" He's varry
shabby thi' day."
SHAB-RAG, SHAG-RAG, a mean person. SHAD, an open field. See SHADE, 2.

"
Brocket*.
He
raced through reise and shad."

See SHOD. SHAD, shallow. " Cairt SHADE, a shed. shade," a cart shed. a detached portion. "Shades of ice" SHADE,
of ice floating loosely about.
" Shad watter."
detached pieces
621
SHADE, SHED,
the parting where the hair of the head falls on either side. A water shade is in like .manner the crest of land where streams part to one side or the other. Compare DEAL. To part, to divide, " Get the reddin kyem an' shade " get the tidying comb and part your hair. yor hair
[N.] to shuffle in walking. [T.] to do anything in a clumsy or feckless manner and from this a shaffle means an awkward effort, and shaffly " He com ineffectual struggling. shafflin alang wivhis stick."
,
,
SHAFFLE
Hence
SHAUGHLE
a poor
" He's oney
myed
he
shaffle
on't,
onyway."
"
poor
shaffly
body
'at
is."
SHAFT,
a vertical sinking, as a pit sunk from the surface " drift " or horizontal way into a mine. distinguished from a Downcast shaft, that by which air enters the mine. Upcast shaft, that by which it passes up, after traversing the workings of the colliery. Shaft frame, the elevated framework of wood or iron at bank. Shaft framing, the square framing at the top and bottom of the shaft into which the cage runs at the openings where the tubs are changed. Shaft man, a person employed to keep the shaft in repair. Shaft pillars or shaft walls, strong pillars of coal left round the bottom of a pit shaft. Shaft rent, rent charged for the privilege of drawing up the shaft the coal worked from another royalty by outstroke.
;
SHAFT,
The the handle of a pick, hack, shovel, or mel. handles of besoms, brushes, etc., are called "shanks," and of hand-hammers "helves." These distinctions preserve with accuracy the characteristics of each of the articles abovenamed the long smooth shaft, the rougher " shank," and the short "helve."
;
SHAG,
long-haired,
a covering of long hair. Shag hat, a hat with a very formerly much in vogue among rough nap Finely cut tobacco was formerly pitmen and keelmen. known as " rag baccy," not shag.
;
"
Winlaton Shags; the good

not." "
folks of
know
Denham
It a'
Tracts, edited
Winlaton are by Dr. Hardy, p.
so-called, but why I 68. See SHAGGY.
(The dog's coat) was ay a glossy raven black, her days upo' her back, was like a shag." T. Donaldson, Glanton, Poems, 1809, p. 177. " My good shag hat ne mair aw 11 wave." R. Gilchrist, Lamentation on Death of
Captain Star key, 1824.
off.
SHAG,
"
a piece broken
cole.''
Compare SHADE,
"
2.
Shags of Hodgson MS.
Bartholomew, 208.
Of oaten bread,
of tobacco.''
622
"
It's ye,
SHAGGY, term of contempt. SHAIKLE [N.] a shackle.

,
ye shaggy, ye,
'at
did
it."
See SHECKLE.
SHAKE,
a thickening or "belly" in a vein of lead ore, as where two lodes intersect each other and form a large thick or the cavity sometimes found in such places. deposit of ore Compare LOCK.
;
SHAKE-CAP,
a well-known game.
SHAKE-DOWN, SHAKEY-DOWN,
an extemporized bed,
made by spreading a bed-tick and bedclothes on the floor. SHAKES. Used in the common expression " He's nee greet " not a person of character or reliability. shakes, onyway
SHAK-HOLES,
soft
over a hidden spring.
quaking spots on the moors, generally Compare SHOG-BOG.

;
SHALLY-WALLY,
Brockett.
,
shallow-brained
a term of contempt.
SHAM-DOOR,
two
left
door half closed, or with a deal or a kind of trellis to partially stop the air. Nicholson, Glossary, 1888.
in mining, a off
;
SHANGY, COALY-SHANGIE, CULLY-SHANGEY,

riot,
a row, a fight.
"
Farewell,
Tyne Where aw've
brig,
and cannie
kee,
seen
monny a
shungy,
Blin Willy, Captain Starkey tee,
Bold Archy, and greet Hangy." R. Gilchrist, A Voyage
to
Lunnin, 1824.
SHANK,
a stem, the handle of a rake, besom, or fork. Pipe Buzzom shank, the handle shank, the stem of a tobacco pipe. of a besom. Anchor shank, the body or stalk of an anchor. As a cant term, applied to the legs. ** The mear plys her " shanks weel Collar shank, (said of a mare with good action). a rope to fasten up work horses in the stable. Shank-by en, the shin bone. Shank of a hill, the projecting part of a hill, or the narrow ridge, which, like a stem, joins the mass to the level ground. Compare SHIN. The handle of a blacksmith's S hanky -nagie, hand hammer is called a helve, not a shank. shank's nag, on one's own shanks. To take shanky-nagie is to
walk.
" His wrist
was
like
an anchor
shank.''
R. Gilchrist, Bold Archy
Drownded, 1824. " The Shanks of Keuntry Peasants."

1686, p. 24. " I on shanky-nagie
away
straight did rattle." Newcastle in an Uproar, 1821.
623
not.
SHANNA, SHANNIT, "

munna, shanna gan
the forms of shall

will not,
Ye winna,
you
must
not, shall not go.
SHAPE,
sittin
i'
" Aa's tired o' an attitude, set pose, or position. " this shape se lang a Tyne keelman whose (said by
portrait
was being
to
painted).
,
SHAPE, SHEP
to start
;
[S.]
SHAP
[N.]
show promise.
to put oneself into position " He's a clivver lad he shapes

, ;
weel."
" Gif it happens that any schapes for to ride." Acta Regia, vol. i., p. 395.
Indenture of 1324.
" Maw sons they shape to follow maw varra footsteps throo." George Chatt, Old Farmer, Poems, 1866, p. 88. " McGregor plays weel, Lambert weel can fling her But Harle shapes like this when puttin on a ringer." E. Corvan, d. 1865, Wor Tyneside Champions.
;
SHARD,
"A
a potsherd.
broken piece of any brittle or fragile substance. Within my recollection, many, in the lower parts of Newcastle, used to resort to the Quayside and other places, where they gathered up coals with the half of a wooden dish, called a shard. I have been told that it was not unusual for two of them to purchase a new dish, and split it for the purpose of making these shards.'' Brockett.
SHARE
"
[S.j,
SHARAN, SHAIRIN
The
skyet,
[N.],
cow dung.
Cow
sharn in Northumberland."
Hodgson
is
MS.
SHARE,
and cut
a slice.
bonny
skate fish
usually dressed for sale

hinny."
Street cry in Newcastle.
into slices or shares.

ha'penny a
share,
" Here's
SHARP,
styen,
to sharpen in frosty weather.

11
to point the tips
and heels of horse shoes

is
horse thus shod a sharpening stone, a whetstone.

Get his gear sharped
sharpeet.
Shavpin-
at the smiddy." T. Wilson, Pitman's Pay,
pt.
ii.,
1827, v. 86.
SHARP,
cutting, cold
applied to the weather.
SHARPS,
the finest quality of bran.
See TREET, CHIZZEL,
and BYE-BOOTINS.
SHARP-SET,
'
The And
quickly seated. dinner waits we snuff the smell a' sharp set, we warrent lang In dashin' in amang the kyel."
;
pt.
iii.,
1829, v. 84.
624
[N.],
SHAUGHLIN
SHAFFLE.
SHAFFLIN
[T.]
shuffling.
See
SHAVE
[N.]
a pulley wheel.
See SHEAVE.
for the chaffinch.
SHAVE-APPLE, SHAVEY, names

SHEELY.
See
SHAVER,
a wag.
"What
queer shaver he
is."
Young
in
shaver, a small, pert boy.
SHAW,
1
shady wood.
Frequent in place-names, as
Hares/wo;, Henshaw, Longshaw, Stagshaw (Stainshaw), etc. " Thor's Birken shaw, a birch covert or thicket. queer which means that a common saying, the shaw" folk i mysterious beings (fairies) inhabit the thickets.
"A
vol.
i,
shaw of birch and alder trees."

p. 84.
pt.
ii.,
"
Callaly Castle built on the height, Up in the day and down in the night Builded down in the shepherd's Shaw,
;
It shall
stand for aye and never
fa'."
Popular rhyme.
SHAW,
the green top or stalk of a plant. " Tatie " stalk and leaf. Neep shaw" a turnip top.
"
shaw" a potato
SHAW, to shave, to cut off, to abraid.

off turnip tops.
Shawin tormits," cutting shawed ancle or foot, an ancle or foot having the skin abraided.
" It was, ne doubt, a cooin seet, To see them hirplin 'cross the floor, Wi' anklets shawed and scather'd feet, Wi' salve and ointment plaister'd o'er." T. Wilson, Pitman's Pay, pt.
ii.,
1827, v. 16.
SHAW M,
SHEAF,
'
r to warm oneself close to the fire.
by thrusting a portion of the body

(Obs.)
a sheet of glass measuring a square foot.
at Hartlepool fourteen sheif of glass, at is. the sheif, 145.' ' 26 feet of glass at is. Thirty-six sheif of glass at is. a sheif, il. i6s.' " the foot. Welford, History of Newcastle, vol. ii., pp. 358, 360.
"'Bought
1
SHEAKLE,
a shackle.
See SHECK.LE.
SHEALS, SHIELDS, SHEELS, SHEALIN, SHIELING,

shields.}
temporary huts or shelter-places. (The d is not sounded in These sheets were built of sods and covered with
poles carrying roofs of turf or moor rushes. The cattle or " beelds" and "stells." sheep shelters are distinguished as
625
The term shields is applied to fixed habitations or towns occupying the sites of earlier temporary huts. It is from this circumstance that the important towns North and South Shields derive their names. They were originally the sheels
mouth of the Tyne. The term occurs in more than ninety place-names in Northumberof the fishing populations at the
land.
" All over the wastes (as they call them), you would think you see the Nomades a martial sort of people, that from April to August lie in little hutts (which they call sheals and shealings) here and there among their several flocks." Gibson's Camden, A.D. 1610. " In Kidland the erected or huts for their
ancient
shepherds
S.
shielings,
temporary
to
accommodation
their
in
own
summer, and on the approach of winter returned
houses."
Oliver the Younger, Rambles in Northumberland,
1835, p. 88. " To
many
shiel
or
shield, in
etc.,
and
of the fisheries on the Tweed is attached a building, called which the fishermen at certain seasons keep their nets, use as a dwelling." R. Weddell, Archaologia JEliana, vol. iv.,
P- 303-
SHEAR,
to reap corn.
Shearer, a reaper.
Compare BANDSTER,
BANDWIN, and CAMP. " Wor maistor's
corn is well shorn, Bless the day that he was born." Harvest rhyme.
SHEAR-BACK,
to enlarge a pit or other excavation by cutting or dressing back with hacks or picks. Nicholson, Glossary, 1888.
SHEAR-DARG,
a day's work in reaping. compare BOND-DARG, and BOON-DAY.
See DARG
and
SHEAR-GRASS,
long, coarse grass, triticwn repens, L. " It is called in Northumberland sheare-grass, because it cutteth handes that touch it." Turner, Herbal, 1548.
mennes
SHEAR-LEGS, shears;
two or three long spars lashed or bolted together, or with a crowntree at the top, and spread out at the base like the letter A, or like a large tripod used for lifting, boring, or masting purposes.
;
SHEARLING, SHEARING, a sheep at the time of its clipping.

See DINMOND and GIMMER.
"
Every time they are shorn, they add a year to their age, and are called two-shear, three-shear, etc., according to the times they have been clipped or shorn, and this holds good of all other sheep; for the age of
is not reckoned from the time they are lambed, but from the time of shearing for although a sheep is generally fifteen or sixteen months old when first shorn, yet they are not called shearings until once clipped, which is understood to be the same as one year old." George Culley, Live Stock, 1801, p. 20.
sheep
626
See SHETH.
in mining, thin deals Nicholson.
SHEATH.
SHEATHING,
placed between the joints
of tubbing in a shaft.
SHEAVE, SHAVE
of
any kind, as a
"
i
[N.] a pulley wheel. Applied to a pulley belt sheave, a rope sheave, etc.
,
1 '
Cast-iron sheave.
Inventory of Wallsend Colliery, 1848.
SHECK,
to shake. to interfere in one.
"
Hand
shekkin" a quarrel, or inclination
SHECKLE
a shackle
SHEAKLE, [N.] [S. and T.] the iron eye around which the end of a rope is bent and spliced so as to form a loop for the attachment of a chain or hook. The end link of a chain, made horse-shoe shape, with a screw bolt through eyes at its open end by which it can be attached or detached. The sling that fastens the double-tree to a plough-head or bridle. A cattle tie. "The " sheakle meakers o' the Woodside a term of reproach to the natives of the township of that name, in the parish of Elsdon.
,
SHAIKLE
Hand sfcrf&m, rough

"
usage.
in
natural wood, and the facility with which it can be obtained has induced the custom of twisting birch twigs in a peculiar manner, to serve instead of hempen bands for the purpose of These are called sheakles." Denham, Folk Lore of tying up cattle.
Woodside abounds
Northumberland,
etc., 1858, p. 50.
SHECKLE-BYEN,
the shackle bone, the wrist.
SHECKLE-CRAA, SHACKLE-CROW,
SHED,
to divide, to part.
an iron lever with a ring or loop at the end, used for drawing bolts from wood.
" S/^d yor hair."
See SHADE.
SHEEL,
a temporary dwelling.
See SHEALS.
SHEEL,
a peascod. To divest of the husk or shell. See SKILL. Sheet-barley, barley shelled that is, with the husks taken off. Sheelin-seeds, the husks of kiln-dried oats. See
;
SHILLING-HILL.
SHEELY,
the chaffinch Fringilla Calebs, L. Known variously as sheel-apple, apple-sheely apple-sheeler, shell-apple, shave-apple, The word "chaff" in chaffinch (t. shavey, and (rarely) skiff
,
may be compared
with SHEEL,
2,
and
its
connoted words.
SHEEN,
shin.
Aa'll rap yor sheens"
SHEEN
[N.]
shoes.
See SHOON.
627
a
SHEEP-TROW,
BEELD.
a sheep trough.
Sheep-rake,
Sheep-rot, the plant
marsh-pennywort, Hydrocotyle
sheepwalk. vulgaris, L.
Sheep-steU^ a shelter wall or enclosure for sheep.
Compare
Bvockett.
SHEETING,
the slope or waterfall of a mill dam.

Erica cinerea, L.
SHE-HEATHER, the SHE-HOLLIN [S.]

,
See HEATHER.
leaves of the holly tree leaves are called he-holly of the she-holly possess the in contradistinction. virtue, if gathered on a Friday at midnight, of revealing The gatherer must in dreams a future husband or wife.
the
upper
having no prickles.
The prickly The leaves
preserve unbroken silence until next day at dawn, and must collect it in a three-cornered handkerchief. Nine leaves must be selected, and tied with nine knots inside the handkerchief, and then placed underneath the pillow. See HOLLIN and
compare HE-HOLLIN.
SHELL,
sheep.
a growing turnip
when
half-eaten on the "brick" by
SHELL,
pump
bucket or clack before
it is
grathed.
Called
bucket shell or clack shell.
Green well,
Glossary, 1888.
SHELL.
See SKILL.
See SHEELY.
"
Shelly stone," "shelly metal," etc.
pale,
sickly,
SHELL-APPLE.
SHELLY,
poorly,
like shale.
SHELPIT, SHILPIT, SHILPY, "

ill.
nerveless,
Yo'r leukin varry shelpit thi day are ye weel " " He's a eneuf ? peeur shilpy thing" (said of a person pale and starved in appearance). It is also applied to drink that is weak, thin, and insipid-looking in colour.
a portion of a field ploughed by
itself.
SHELT,
Britten,
Farming Words, E.D.S.
Compare BRECK,
and
2.
SHELTY,
a Shetland pony.
for
" Pasture
their
Shelties
asses."
S.
Oliver,
Rambles
in
Northumberland, 1835, p. 249.

" There were no carts in our part of the country (between Corbridge and Woodburn) about sixty years ago all the corn and other goods to be consumed were brought on the backs of Shelties little shaggy ponies, not much bigger than a calf." Richardson, Table Book, 1845, Legendary
;
div., vol.
iii.,
p. 305.
628
shame. S hem, to [T.] [S.] to shame. Shem a ma I (shame be to me), an " She's Shem an' a bizen, a disgraceful object. bizen" Shem bin ye^ ! (shame upon you), an
,
SHEM, SHYEM
outdo, to put exclamation. a shew an' a exclamation.
" "
the
SHEYEM
See BIZEN.
Brockett.
Shem
astarn, not one."
God
shilde
"
you from
Feuer
Pestilence, 1564.
doole and shem." Bullein, Dialogue Against E. E. Text Society, p. 5, 1. n.

all
When we war
We shem'd the cheps frae
drest,
it
was
confest,
J.
Newcassel, O."
Selkirk, Swalwell Hopping.
i.
SHEP,
lutea.
to set oneself in position.
See SHAPE and FRAME,
SHEPHERD'S PANSY,
SHEPPINS,
sheppins"
the yellow mountain pansy, Viola

cuttings of cloth.
scraps
or
"The
tyeleor's
SHERRYMOOR,
fair sherrymoor"
"
" It was a a disorderly crowd, a tumult. a hustling crowd. The allusion is to quite the battle of Sheriff-moor in the rising of 1715.
The Bishop, though a patient man, And slawly mov'd tiv anger, Could, when the Sherry Moor began,
Restrain his wrath ne langer." T. Wilson, Captains and
the Quayside.
SHETH,
a sheath. foreign sailor wiv a gully iv a sheth biv his side." " Knittin sheth" the sheath worn within the
"A
apron string by
women when
knitting.
The
right
hand
needle rests firmly in the sheth as the knitting proceeds. It is sometimes made by tying a small bundle of straws but the old " knittin together, or by a quill sewn into a fabric " was a small piece of fine grained wood, perforated for a sheth distance of a few inches with a hole large enough to admit a These sheths were often of curious shapes knitting needle. and elaborately carved.
;
SHETH,
a group of parallel rows which stand at right angles to similar adjoining or intersecting rows. In the unenclosed town fields a group of parallel strips of ploughed land, which adjoined a similar group lying at right angles, formed a sheth. Hence the field names " Sheth" " Low Sheth"
Upper
"North Sheth," "South Sheth," "High Headland Sheth" The arrangement was necessitated by the lie of the etc. ground, the strips being made to allow of draining in the
direction of the ploughing.
* *
Waggon sheth, "the group
of ribs
62Q
" Tram sheth" the cross ties in a tram forming the framework. which connect the soles or main framework. " Plough sheth" the body or central part of a plough, to which all the other
Sheth, in a ladder, the broader steps, between the rungs, to bind the structure together. " Harrow sheth" the cross bars of a harrow, intersecting the "bulls" or longitudinal bars which run in the direction in which a harrow is dragged. " Sheth of boards," a group of cross workings in a coal pit. If we take the harrow
portions are fitted.
introduced
at
intervals,
as an illustration, the intersecting framework will give an apt example of the galleries of a coal mine worked on the pillar system. The bulls of the harrow represent the heedwis (headways) of the mine, and the sheth represents the boards in the pit. When a panel or division of a colliery is referred to, the group of parallel excavations which have been driven at right angles to the cleavage of the coal (the boards) are of as a " sheth of boards." Hence in
spoken
is
shething, mining, coursing or conducting the air backwards and forwards through a sheth of boards, the headways being closed for this purpose either by sheth stoppings (sheth walls), or, where in use as going headways, by sheth doors.
SHEUGH,
SHEUGH,
a ditch.
"
See SEUGH.
to " lay or place trees or plants temporarily in a hastily dug hole. They are thus treated in order to protect the roots until time allows for planting them properly and
permanently.
SHEYEM-FYEC'D,
shamefaced, or modest. It is sometimes used ironically by inversion for the opposite quality. " Gan away, ye shyem-fyec'd huzzy, ye" (said to a graceless woman). See SHEM.
to throw with an aim. " Shie a clot at him."
SHIE, SHY,
styens at ?"
"
"
Whe
are ye shyin
them
The
chep, astonished at the cry,

shy."
o'
Tuik up a styen and myed a
Song, Where are ye gawn
Sunday
7.
Allan's Collection, p.
SHIELDS,
a shelter place.
See SHEALS.
SHIELDS CAPON,. a
with egg sauce.
haddock salted and dried and eaten

"
SKIFFLE, SHIVVLE,
form there."
to shuffle.
Hi,
skiffle
up on that
630
SHIFT,
(shifts)
the time of working for one day where sets of men In a colliery the first period of relieve each other. working is called the fore-shift and the next the backshift, and the hewers themselves are similarly called the fore or back-shift according to their rotation in starting work. In factories, where continuous work is maintained, there is a dayand at the end of the week a doubleshift and a night-shift shift or a shift of twice the ordinary duration is sometimes worked, so as to turn the night men of one week into the day men of the next. short-shift is a day's work of fewer than the ordinary number of hours. Shift is applied to the relays worked by horses.
;
"
Four
shifts
spare
shift,
of horses, at two at a time and indeed you should have a or two horses more ready." J. C., Compleat Collier, 1708, p. 33.
;
" Like miners, faith, we'll try a shift, An' work by turns."
T. Donaldson, Glanton, Poems, 1809, p. 132.
SHIFT,
another.
To drive off forcibly. people's goods. " I was borne in Redesdale, in Northumberland, and came of a wight ridyng sirname called the Robsons, gud honast men and true, sauyng a little shiftyng for their liuing. God and our Leddie helpe them, silie pure men !" Bullein, Dialogue, 1564, E. E. Text Soc., p. 6, 1. 16.
"
remove with goods and chattels from one house to Shift, a removal. Shift was in former times applied to the process of removing and appropriating other
to
Hoo mony on
1
Hawks' s Men.
"
us will it tyek te shift them Allan's Collection, 1891, p. 546.

shift,
cheps?"
Stephenson,
Wey, we mun
It
howiver
sair
pains the hated word to nyem." " Then let me here in quiet end maw life, Without a shiftin day." T. Wilson, The Shifting Day, 1852.
SHIFTER, SHIFT-MAN,
a man who prepares the working places at night in a colliery for the men who come in at next shift. His work is of various kinds, such as timbering rolley-ways, taking up bottom stone, or taking down top
make height where necessary, setting doors, building stoppings, redding falls, and stowing away stone. Shifters work by the day or shift, as distinct from hewers, who work by the ton or yard.
to
11
Aw gat,
And
at forst, a shiftor place, then a deputy was myed." T. Wilson, Pitman's Pay, pt.
Hi.,
1829, v. 99.
SHIFTING RAVELS, SHIFTIN KYEVELS,
the men who are on turn for removal from one working place in a colliery to another.
63!
SHIFTING-MONEY,
being removed (that
of the
an
is,
workman removing from one

company
to
formerly paid to a colliery to another in lieu of having his furniture led) by the cart
equivalent
which he was removing.
Abolished
many
flat,
years ago.
Nicholson, Glossary.
SHIFTING THE FLAT,

SHIFT-WORK,
work
in a colliery, removing the or station, nearer to the working places. Nicholson.
work paid
for
by the day
or shift
also the
of a shifter.
unreliable.
fails to
SHIFTY,
fair
but
perform.
Usually applied to one " He's a
who promises
body
that."
reg'lar shifty
SHILFA,
name
for the chaffinch.
See SHEELY.
SHILL, SHEAL, SHELL,

or husk from peas or oats.
Promptorium Parvulorum, 1440.
to separate the outer case, pod,

other
lyke."
"Shyllynge, of coddyd cornys, as benys, peson, and
SHILL-CORN,
face,
by which the pore is enlarged and matter, the black head forming a minute
the obstruction in a pore of the skin of the filled with solidified

spot.
SHILLIN-HILL,
an eminence used for winnowing grain, where the wind was utilised for separating the chaff. Shillinseeds, the husks of kiln -dried oats, used for packing and preserving bacon in chests.
"A shilling-hill, as a place to deet or winnow the groats of oats from the husks that had been shilled off them, before machinery was invented for the purpose, was not an uncommon appendage to a mill." Hodgson,
iii,
pt.
ii,
p. 118, n.
SHILPIT, SHILPY.
See SHELPIT.
"
"
SHILVINS,
the upper frame at the sides of a coup cart, to which sideboards (additional rails or boards) are temporarily fixed and held by two iron loops. Also a long wide wooden " frame, placed on a long" cart when it is required to carry a large load of hay or straw.
[N.]
,
SHIN
SHIN,
the slope of a
hill.
Compare
shank of a
hill,
under
SHANK.
or SHIN SIDE, the call to a player, in the game of shinny, who has trespassed too far into the line of his
YOR
opponents.
See SHINNY.
632
cinders.
SH1NDERS,
SHINE,
object.
See SHUNDERS.
to
show a light or lamp or throw its light on any Used transitively. "Shine a low here, will ye ?"
SHINNY,
a game at ball, in which an equal number of opponents on two sides play with sticks, "curved at the ends,
" called shinny sticks. Two goals or pasts are marked off, the on one side driving the ball to the end of the field players where their past is situated, and those on the adverse side When the players of driving it towards the opposite goal. one side are successful in landing the ball within their past " Hail." As the sides face each other they they cry out strike in opposite directions, and the risk to the shins of opponents who advance too far from the line during a melee At these times the players call out " Shin " or is considerable. " Shin yor sides." Hence the term shinny is popularly derived from the risk of broken shins which attends the game. Grose says the game is called shinney-hah in Northumberland, but this term is obsolete. a kind of greave or leg armour worn on the shins by trimmers, etc., to protect the legs in working.
'
SHIN-SPLINTS,
I lost a'
my
The
shin-splints among the great stanes." Collier's Rant. Bell's Rhymes, 1812, p. 35.
SHIPBROKEN,
"
shipwrecked.
1640. Given to a poore Church Books.
(Obs.) seaman that was
shippbroken, 40!."
Gateshead
SHIPPEN,
SHIRE,
SHIRE,
a cow-house.
Byre
is
the more usual term.

Halliwell.
thin, scanty (Northumberland).-
to pour off a liquor so as to leave the sediment Halliwell. (Northumberland)

.
SHIRES.
shire,
In Northumberland,
the
three
shins,
Norham-
is
included as parcel of the Palatinate of Durham. "The Shire" the common appellation of Hexhams/wV^, which included the parishes of Hexham, Allendale, and St. John Lee. It was held as a franchise by the Archbishops of York and was a county palatine, as affirmed by the King's Council, 2ist It was united to Northumberland in Edward I. i4th Besides these there are Bamboroughs^m?, and Elizabeth. the Shire Moor, near Backworth.
and BedlingtonsAzV^, are detached portions of the patrimony of Saint Cuthbert. They were formerly
Islandshire,
633
SHIRL,
In driving forward a plough, the along. said to shivl the clods. To slide, as distinShirlin, in the game of guished from to jerk, a marble. marbles, is the act of sliding the marble, which is loosely
to
slide
is
ploughman
held for the purpose by the
thumb and
shudder.
forefinger.
Compare
shuddering
PURL.
SHITHER,
to
shiver,
to
.
Shitherin,
To shake violently as a terrier [Belford and Northward] shakes a rat. " Aa gat him bi the scruff o' the neck an' gav him a good skitherin"
SHITHERY,
SHIVE,
"
shivery, as in the sensation of cold in the skin. " Aa's aal " Aa'm a' iv a shither." shithery."
a slice.
heast, lass, an' bring him (poor T. Bewick, The Howdy.
fella)
Myeak
a skive of butter and
breed."
SHIVER,
a splinter, a flake of stone. Shiverins, Shivereens, very small fragments. "It's gyen aall te shivereens," equivalent to the colloquial " all to smithereens." See SMITHERS.
" Shivers or Splints of the 1708, p. 23. " and black
whin or hard stone."

mixed with coal."
J. C., Complecit Collier,
Grey
shivers
No. 214.
SHIVER,
"
shale.
;
by
Shale, shiver, or argillaceous slate for the same substance is known these names." S. Oliver the Younger, gambles in Northumberland,
1835, p. 42.
SHIVERIN BOOT, a shivering fit. See BOUT, i. SHIVERY, friable, broken, or disintegrated applied
;
to strata.
"
Grey
shivery post."
Borings and Sinkings, F.K., p. 91.

,
SHOAD-ORE
where
it
[W.-T.] lead ore found on or near the surface, has resulted from disintegration. It is found in all sizes from masses down to the size of peas and grains, " " usually in or near the beds of streams. To go a sheading
is
to go prospecting for shoad-ore.

" Rows of shock a pile or stock of sheaves. and stooks and gatens. Compare STOCK and GATEN.
SHOCK, "
gait
at the
"
SHOD, SHOAD, SHAD,

head of a stream.
Schold, schalowe, note
shallow
the shallow part of a river
deipe."Promptorium Parvulorum, 1440.
634
SHOE,
an iron plate flanged at the sides to fit upon a colliery It is attached to the cage, and slides on the guide-rod. guide so as to keep the cage perfectly steady in its ascent or descent in a pit. Shoes, fragments of the stalks of hemp or flax which adhere to the fibres and cause obstruction to the spinner In North Northumberland the pronunciation is of the yarn. shough'd, shoed. Shoughin- hammer, a smith's shough, a shoe
;
shoeing-hammer.
Compare SHOON.
SHOEHORN,
sellers at sales.
One employed to bid for the a helper on. Hodgson MS.

slider
SHOE-THE-COBBLER, a trick played upon a the ice. A lad follows another on a slide, giving
on
himself a
quicker start than the one in front of him, and, as he closes with his predecessor, he throws out one foot quickly so as to This feat collide with the other's heels and cause an upset.
is
called shoeing -the -cobbler.
SHOE-WHANG, SHOUGH-WHAING
a shoe
tie.
[N.], a boot Usually called a whang or whaing simply.
lace,
SHOG.
See SHUG.
SHOG-BOG,
and treacherous
a yielding or quaking bog, a green place, elastic to the foot, such as is common on the moors. The shog-bogs are not always to be trusted. Hence the common saying, " Aa've laired mesel deeper i' the shog-bog " got into more and more trouble. Used to describe a futile effort of any kind. Compare SHAK-HOLES.
SHOGGIN,
fat.
quivering, yielding.
"Shoggin wi'
fat," excessively
SHOON, SHUN, SHOUN, SHEEN
[N]
shoes
the
common
"He' ye no an aad pair o' shoon ti gi' us?" plural forms. Beggar's petition. "Item, paid for a payre of shone, i6d." Newcastle Municipal Accounts,
1566.
"
Ma
nice lang quartered shoon se clean." T. Wilson, Pitman's Pay, pt.
iii.,
1829, v.
3.
SHOOT,
the act)
Shoot,
to
:
shout.
there's
Landed
sor
?
aware that
to
"
no shooting here
Shootin,
Hullo, are you Poacher (caught in aa's nivver oppened me mooth."

proprietor
?"
:
"
fire
gun, to discharge a shot,
is
invariably
pronounced
shut.
See SHUT,
3.
635
a
shoulder.
SHOOTHER, "
o
1
to
shoulder.
ti
Shoother,
Shouther,
We'll stan' shoother
shoother."
" Aw'll shoother me gun." J. P. Robson, The Rifleman, 1870. " O'er her fair shoothers her linty locks flee." James Armstrong, Lizzie
the Glen, 1879.
SHOOTHER-CLEEK,
the hook on the "limmer" or shaft of a cart to which the shoother -chain is attached. The shootherchain is the chain connecting the "hyemstick" upon the horse's collar with the " shoother cleek-yoke."
a
SHOOTHER-FELLOW, SHOUTHER-FELLOW,
SHOOTIN, SHOOTIN-OOT,
"
partner or marrow in any work that requires the joint exertions of more than one man. Brockett.
the
common name
Is thee
for childbed.
shoutin oot ?"
What's the mayteer, sez the mistress ? T. Bewick, The Howdy, etc., ed. 1850, p. 10.
muther
SHOOTIN-LOAF,
a spice loaf made for and served to the See GROANIN. gossips at childbirth.
[T.]
,
SHORE
SHORE,
the dog
"
a sewer.
"
Common shore."
See SIRE.
to stop, oppose, or direct in turning, as to shore sheep,

It
if
for instance.
ye
shore
has the same meaning as weer. him that way." See WEER.
'
"Ye'll spoil
Shore, to threaten.
It shores rain.
"
Brockett.
SHORK
to make a gurgling noise. This term is best [N.] explained by the noise a person's shoes make when walking with them full of water. When a person has wet feet he " Me says, shoughs (shoes) is shorhin" Compare SLORP.
,
SHORROW,
SHORT,
SHORT,
spoken as
the shrew or field mouse.

In Northumberland ir and ur are always burst borst, burn bom, etc.
a shirt. or as
first forst, sir sor,
easily broken, as when anything breaks short off in It is $hprt bread, a Scottish cake, easily broken. Short is richly kneaded with butter, and stuck with comfits. applied to wrought-iron that fractures with a slight blow. If it does this when cold it is called "cold short" if when hot it is "red short." The presence of phosphorus or other impurity
the hand.
is
generally indicated by these terms. "A portion of pea-meal is mixed with the
of this mixture are not so short as those

'
made
barley, and the cakes made of barley alone." S. Oliver
Rambles
in
Northumberland, 1835, P-
J 6o.
636
" He was quite short wi' me." abrupt, ill-tempered. taken abruptly or unaware. short,"
SHORT,
"Taken
falls
SHORTWORKINGS,
SHOT,
or SHORTS, the quantity of coal that short of that allowed to be worked annually by the certain rent of a royalty. See OVERWORKINGS.
In ancient tenures certain taxes are a sum to be paid. " The reckoning at Kirk-shot," "Acre-shot," etc. specified as a tavern is here, as elsewhere, called the shot. "We boos'd away till the break of day, Then asked what shot we had to pay." Song, Till the Tide comes in.
Marshall's Collection, 1827, p. 70.
SHOT, SHOTTEN,
rid of, clear of. "Get shot of" get rid " If aa wis " We'll be of a thing. oney fairly shot on't." to get shotten on ye." glad
SHOT,
cold
is
a blast, a charge or cartridge of gunpowder. " Aa've called a shot. gettin a shot o' caad i'
also
A
me
slight
eye."
Compare FAST SHOT and STANDING BOBBY,
SHUT,
3.
SHOT,
SHOT,
a young pig.
" In the northern parts pigs are frequently called shots after being weaned." George Culley, Live Stock, 1801, p. 20.
a throw and haul in net fishing. Shot-and-shot-about, a term applied in net fishing for salmon. alternate casting " If the starting or landing place of a net belonging to one fishery is so close to another fishery, that nearly the whole of the net of the former is at one time within the boundary of the adjoining fishery, this is called shot-and-shot-about. The owners of fisheries on opposite sides of
;
the river are also entitled respectively to their shot-and-shot-about." R. Weddell, Archtzologia Êliana^ quarto series, vol. iv., p. 317.
SHOTS,
shots,"
beasts or sheep left out after prime animals are The portions of a flock of sheep or lambs rejected " by a buyer, who has liberty to select the tops," or best of the flock. The process of selection may go on until " first " third " second and even " fourth shots "
selected.
shots,"
shots,"
of.
have been disposed
Compare PALEY.
SHOT-STICK,
is rolled.
a round stick on which a paper cartridge case
SHOULE,
a shovel.
See SHUL.
month an mare."
SHOUN
[W.-T.], shoes. See SHOON. "Maws/town hes been mendin at the cobler's
12.
this
T. Bewick, The Upgetting, ed. 1850, p.
637
SHOUTHERS,
"
shoulders. See SMOOTHER. Roe was leanin on the hudsteahyn, wie his braid Jack
etc., ed.
shouthers."
1850, p. 10.
SHOVER-IN,
to
an assistant banksman at a colliery, employed push the empty tubs into the cage. Nicholson, Glossary,
1888.
SHOW,
appearance, indication. By the show upon a candle or lamp the presence of fire-damp in a colliery is A lamp shows when the flame becomes elongated indicated. or unsteady, owing to the mixture of inflammable gas with the air, or a candle when the pale blue "top" or lambent flame appears above its ordinary flame.
in a safety
SHRIEKER,
"
the black-tailed god-wit, Limosa tfgocephala, L.

J.
rare casual visitant."

p. 101.
Hancock, Birds of Northumberland and
Durham,
SHUFFLE,
a movement in a step-dance executed by tapping The double -shufflf, or Sandgate-rattle, the heels on the floor. an advanced stage in which two taps of the heels are given at each step Stepcut-and-shuffle, a variation of the dance. dancing was, not many years ago, a general accomplishment among the young men who assembled at street corners to wile away their time. See CUT, 4.
;
SHUG,
To
to
sway
its
violently, as trees in a violent gale of wind.
urge to
''What are ye
utmost speed, as a horse, etc. shuggin at?"
To
shove.
SHUGGY,
to
shug or sway.
boat
variant form of the foregoing.
SHUGGYSHOE, SHUGGYBOAT
constructed
like
a large swing [N.], seats across common at hoppins and fairs. To shuggvshoe is to sway or swing, or, as " to hike." it is usually expressed,
a
with
"
As we pushed off, loak a' the quay To me seemed shuggy-shooin,

!
An' tho aw'd niver been at sea, Aw stuid her like a new-un." T. Thompson, d. 1816, Jemmy Joneson's Whurry.
SHUL, SHOUL, "
a shovel. In daily use. " Len's yor shut." a shut o' yor aan." Shul-shank, a shovel Hadaway, get handle. Shtil-heed, the blade of a shovel. Shul, shoul, to " Aa'll shitl the coals in for shovel. threepence." Shul-byen, the shoulder blade i.e. spade bone, from its shape. Shul-mn, the ground surface traversed by the blade of a shovel in
:
638
lifting
and filling stones, etc., from a heap. If the surface is hard and even it is a "good shut-run" if soft and uneven, a
;
"bad
"
shul-run"
Aug. Paide for a shoule to the
fier,
1592. Accounts. " 1626,
2S."
Newcastle Municipal
March the 6th. It. paid ffor a shulle to the bellmane, 8d." Gateshead Church Books. " For puttin, or hewin, or handlin a shul, A'm iz strong iz a bull, ye cull." E. Corvan, d. 1865, The Jolly Keelman.
SHUNDERS, SMIDDY SHUNDERS, SHUNT, to settle an adversary by

"Aa'll seun shunt the likes
o'
cinders, smithy ashes.
thrusting him aside. cant word shunt, to avoid, is said to be derived from the railway term, but in the older sense it is still in common use.
him."
The modern
"
To
shunt, a
country word for to shove."
New World
of Words, 1696.
SHUT, a weld, the junction, by welding, of two pieces of iron. " Broken at the shut." " A flaa i' the shut."
SHUT,
to slide or shoot; as "shut up" or " shut down the " " if it be a sash, or " shut back if it be a horizontal In a trial in Northumberland for a burglary at Billy slide. Mill, where the house was entered by a slide casement,
window
the judge nor the counsel could understand a principal witness against the offenders when he stated that " shut the window he forswore
neither
they
himself.
It
was a
slide.
open." They thought " Shut the bolt" Hodgson MS.
shoot the bolt.
SHUT,
to shoot
p. shot; p.p. shutten.

is
for fishing.
Each haul
called a shot.
" He's a bonny
Also to put out nets Shutter, a sportsman.

shot
shutter,
yon chep
myest
his
fethor."
Shuttin, blasting.
Shuttin-fast, or shooting-fast,
blowing down
coal with gunpowder, without nicking, by which the coals are produced in a very inferior condition. Greenwell, Glossary, 1888. " Paid to Ro. Heslopp for mendinge a muskett, the locke being brokin, which was in shutin when my Lord President cam, 2s." Newcastle
Municipal Accounts, October, 1593. " And what was still warse, and to save their awn mutton, Young Tinley tell'd Jackson they had a' gone Si-shuttin." Battle on the Shields Railway, 1839. "To see them shut, then run, then shut ; And then fall doon or lie still O wuns it's better than a play,
;
The bonny Wallsend
Rifle."
Song, The Wallsend Rifle Corps. (Time of Bonaparte.)
639
SHUT,
diarrhoea in cattle.
to shudder.
SHUTHER,
SHUT-OFF,
more
is
See SHITHER.
to cut off. joiner planing a piece of wood, to be taken off, says, " Aa'll shut a bit mair off."
if
SHY,
" Yo'r unwilling, slow, backward. varry shy wi' that " o' yors "The to produce and share it. baccy unwilling folks is varry shy o' tornin up thi day" (said of a slow
gathering attendance).
SHYEM,
shame.
See SHEM.
SIB, intimate,
sib
" Thor near akin, blood relation. The phrase, " They are too s?&," varry together." applied to cattle, is used to describe breeding in-and-in but only when the quality or constitution of the progeny has deteriorated from the parent stock.
friendly,
;
SIC, SEC,
SICCAN,
" I
I
such.
S. Oliver the
"Siccan a fight as we had I ne'er saw in a* my days !" Younger, Rambles in Northumberland, 1835, p. 156.
was saw
at New Castle, where I trow ye ha' been, syke a Sight there, as ne'er yet was seen." G. Stuart, Joco-Serious Discourse, 1686.
"
What
a runnin theyres
meyhd
at sic
ateyme."
T. Bewick, The Howdy, 1850.
SICCANLIKE, SIC-LIKE,
ower fond
o'
11
such
gannin' wi'
boozy Bob
" like, similar. an' siccanlike raff."
He
wis far
Aw
so Jenny Gardner an' sum mare sic-leyke fwoak.'' T. Bewick, The Howdy, etc., ed. 1850, p.
n.
SICCANSO, SIC-AN'-SO,
similar, identical.
SICKER
by
"
It is frequently prefixed [N.], sly, inward minded. " He's a sicker yen." Sickerly, surely. gey." gey
SICKET, SIKET, SECRET,

rivulet.
a small syke, a small brook, a
Diminutive of
a schedule.
"
syke.
SIDDELL,
dumplin,
like
a sma' coal heap,

1
Wi' About made up the savoury
puil o' spice-kyel i the middle, pies and puddins, wide and deep,
siddell."
pt.
iii.,
1829, v. 109.
640
SIDDLE,
o'
" to slope, to dip downward. Just ayont, the seam The downward inclination of a coal begins to siddle" stratum is called the siddle. The sloping side of a declivity " He wis in a field is called the siddlins. plewin on the siddlins" The term sidhns is also applied to the side of a rig. To a ploughman it is the slope below his furrow, the fall of the ground from him. The general direction of the strips in open-field tillage lands was regulated by the siddle of the ground to admit of natural drainage. Compare FALLS and FA' AND FA' ABOUT.
" Sidlini, the term in records for sidelings or balks between or on the New World of Words, 1706. sides of the ridges of ploughed lands."
SIDE,
a scythe.
; ;
SIDE,
" Aa'll also steep. long tyek some o' this check In Newcastle, Percy Street was formerly a yard side." say, known as Side Gate or S^gate that is, long street. The Side is still the name of the long and steep acclivity which connected the lower with the upper town of Newcastle. The evident meaning has led to its application in other places where similar steep bank-sides are characteristic. Gateshead (gate's heed, or head of the road) is thus, not and Conside is a common form infrequently, called Gates^ of Consett. Side, as denoting extent, is constantly used in the expression " the country-s^," meaning either the adjacent district or the people living in a certain district. " The hyel country-s^ wis at the funeral." Side occurs in combination no less than eighty-five times in Northumberland
;
Corsenside, Catchers^, Woodsufc, place-names. Gregory, Archatologia sEliana, vol. ix., p. 69.
" My coat is very side," that is, very long also proud (North Country.) Bailey, Dictionary, second edition, 1724.
;
etc.
See
also steep.
"
Stepnesse, or sydenesse of a roof."
Promptorium Parvulorum,
Way,
p. 474.
SIDE,
to put in order, to tidy. To "side up the hoose," to "side the room," is to put everything in its proper place.
Hodgson
MS.
SIDEBOARDS,
cart,
removable boards at the side of a " coup " used to increase its capacity. They are fitted with
projecting"legs of iron which slide into two loops fixed in the " shilvins of the cart.
SIDEBONE,
a disease in the hoof of a horse.
64!
SIDE-OVER,
is
in coal mining, is to drive headways course, that to drive in a line with the cleat, through a pillar of coal
when working the broken.
SIDE-WEFER, SIDE-WAVER,
of a
loose material at the sides
cutting in stone or coal
ready to
fall
down
if
left
unsupported.
" A side-wafer, or a frame of stone, most dangerous to look at, as it appeared ready to drop." R. Scott, Ventilation of Coal Mines, 1868, p. 28.
" The sides of the shaft, where the strata were tender, had given way large side-wefevs had slidden off, and others were hanging dreadful to pass by." The same, p. 31.
;
SIDE-WIPE,
indirectly.
a blow on the side of the face applied metaphorically to a home thrust in an argument administered
;
SIDING,
and
in a pit.
a doubled portion of a
of
tramway where the empty

;
full sets
waggons have
to pass each other
a bye-way
SIDLINS,
a declivity, the side of a sloping bank.
See SIDDLE.
it
SIE, a drop.
"
Not a
sie left
"
(said of a liquid
when
has
all
evaporated or been
spilt).
SIGH,
"
to
become
larger.
little,
The shoon
are ower
but they'll sigh out."

,
Brockett.
SIGHT,
SIKE,
a quantity.
See SITE.
such.
See Sic.
"Ti
sike
time
is
J.
the day daas." P. Robson, d. 1870, Sang
o'
Solomon,
ch.
ii.,
Northumberland version,
17.
SIKE,
a small branch stream or drain.
See SYKE.
SIKES, SYEKS, an
the mettor wi ye ?"
exclamation.
" Sikes alive!
man, what's
'
" Syeks man, aw hope ye hevvint seen sum James Horsley, The Bacon Scare.
sporrits or bo-boggles.
SIKET,
SILE.
diminutive of
"
syke.
See SICKET.
Herring
sile" either the
spawn
of herrings or very
small herrings.
642
to strain through, to trickle. strainer. See MILK SILE. " When he read the three first lines, He then began to smile And when he read the next three lines, The tears began to sile." Ballad, Lord Dev went water's Good-night.
;
SILE,
SILL,
a stratum. The word is of special application to the great basaltic outburst traversing the county, which is called a whin sill, because sometimes seen, like a stratum, intercalated among stratified rocks. Sills-burn, a rivulet in Ridsdale, so named, probably, from the strata through which it runs appearing bare in various parts of its course to a considerable " The depth. In the plural it denotes the strata in general. sills are lying flat."
" The Grindstone Sill or Post." Lebour, Geology of Northumberland and Durham, second edition, 1886, p. 44. " 'Seven Sandstone and shale sills or beds. beds, or sills, of coal.' The grindstone sill.' " Mackenzie, Hist, of NorthumberThe slate sill.
' 1
'
land, 1825, vol.
i.,
p. 95,
SILL,
till
or until.
"
Keep on
at that job
sill
aa
set
thoo
another."
SILLER,
"
silver.
sillerless
man gans
fast
through the market."
Newcastle proverb.
Brockett.
SILLY,
term of pure, innocent, young, inoffensive. affectionate pity, often applied kindly in speaking of " The bit bairn's children. asleep noo, silly thing." " When we were silly sisters seven, sisters we were so fair." Old Ballad, Fair Mabel of IVallington.
a caul, or membrane, which have over their faces when they are born. The silly-hue is usually preserved, and is believed to sympathise with the person whose face it covered, so as to be dry when he is well and moist when he is ill, at whatever distance he may be absent from it. Silly means child's, or childish.
SILLY-HUE, SILLY-HOW,
some
infants
Hodgson MS. "In my fantasie

Society, p. 9,
1.
it is
happy
to the
Huntman when he have nethyng

E. E. Text
of the Catte but the

25.
sillie
skinne."
Bullein, Dialogue, 1564.
SIN, SINE, SEN,

fortnith sin'd."
since.
Sin'd, since then.
" It's mair nor a
" Sair fail'd, hinney, sin I ken'd thou." "
About twelve weeks The keelmen tuick't
sine,
Old song. was a fond trick, intiv their heeds for to stick." The Keelmen' s Stick. Song,
man,
it
Marshall's Songs, 1823, p. 10.
643
SIND,
wash out by rinsing. hinney." Compare RANGE.

to
"Just
sind oot the coffee pot,
SINDER,
pull'd th'
to put
asunder.
swdry."
Sindry, asunder.
"Somebody's
aad
mop
SINDRY,
SINE,
sundry, various, several.
"Aye;
aa've seen 'm catch
sindry troot."
to " sine a disperse its milk.
cow
"
the same as to
let it
go dry, or to
Hodgson
MS.
;
SINE,
afterwards.
to singe.
" Forst creep

is
sine
gan."
See SYNE.
SING,
thin,
Sung
the imperfect tense.
SINGIN-HINNY,
buttered.
It
is
a richly kneaded currant cake, rolled out
It is served up hot, sliced and girdle. an especial favourite in Northumberland, and is an indispensable item at every homely festival. It is called sometimes a spiced fizzer and a small-coal fizzev.
"
and baked on a
Hing on the
girdle
let's
hev a singin-hinny." Song, Ma' Canny Hinny.
SINGLE,
the small bundle of corn gathered and tied up by a " " Gleaning is often described as gatherin singles gleaner. or as singlin. Single is always pronounced sing-l, and singlin, sing-lin. Singles are bundled and carried home on the and afterwards " bittled."
"gatherer"
!
SINK
an oath.
"
Od
is
sink
"
ye
etc.
See EXCLAMATIONS.
is
SINKERS, men whose

wells.
special
work
to sink pit shafts or
under the direction of a master sinker. Sinkin, a shaft or "winning." Sinking-set, a set of pumps used in sinking a pit shaft. " Well, honest sinker, now thou hast coaled the pit, take thy wages,
and the labourers
J. C.,
The work
too,
with what thou sayest
is
customary to drink."
Compleat
Collier, 1708, p. 32.
SINNEN,
a sinew.
See SENNEN.
time, since the
at
SIN-SYNE, SINSINE, since then, since that " The last time aa saa last time. ye wis
aa've ne'er seen ye sin-syne"
Newcassel
" 'Tis mair than forty years sin syne." T. Wilson, Pitman's Pay, pt.
ii.,
1827, v. 19.
SIPE,
Hodgson
to leak, to ooze out, to flow slowly through a crevice. MS. Also to drain off gradually, or to the last drop.
644
Sipins, the
SIPIN,
"
a percolation. or vessel.
Sandy
F. K., p. 19.
droppings from a leaky cask

gravel, with a small siping of water."
SIPPLIN,
aller."
a sapling.
plants or sippleings, as we here call them, of oak, ash, or Compleat Collier, 1708, p. 35.
"Young
J. C.,
SIRE,
a sewer, a runner of water.

to sip.
;
See SHORE.
SIRPLE,
"To
sip often
to drink
when he drinks
fastidiously
by little at a time. and sparingly."
horse
is
said to sirple
Brockett.
SIRRAH, SURRAH,
a term of address; used only to a " De younger person or to an inferior animal. ye hear sirrah?" (said by a shepherd to his dog). It is me, " used applied to either sex indifferently. "Sirrah, minden in expostulatory speaking to a forward girl.
!
!
SISTA
SIT, to
"
" equivalent to see you
!"
an interjection.
"
;
See SEESTA.
Aa
fit, or the fit of a garment. dinna like the sit o' yor goon
The
it
coat
sits
him weel."
wants a tuck anunder
the oxter."
SIT.
"
" sit a biddin "is to refuse to obey a command. To the market," to expect too much and thereby lose an opportunity. "I doubt she has sat her market" (said of a girl too particular in her choice and therefore not likely to be married). To sit-on, to stick to the cooking utensil. " " The stuck to the bottom of the pan. dumplin's sitten-on not properly grown, Sitten-on, youth of stunted growth is called bit sitten-on creetur." See SITTEN.
To
sit
"A
SITE,
SEET, [N.], a large number; a great " Thor wis a site o' folk at quantity of objects seen at once. " He lost a site o' brass." the funeral." Also chance or " Thor's nee probability, as seght o' them comin the neet."
a hard substance
it
SEGHT
SITFAST,
his hand."
wound and prevents
which sometimes forms in a from healing. " He'd a sitfast in iv
SITH, SITHENS,
in the Darne Croke) sithens the said suppression." Property of the Nunnery of St. Bartholomew. Welford, History of Newcastle, vol. ii., p. 494.
since. (Obs.) "Before him Sir William Johnson, .Sir John Sadler, and Sir Thomas Langton, priests, deceased, did occupy the said house and waste (lying
645
SITHA,
see thou, see you used as an exclamation, often " When he " do cam, sitha, aa interrogatively for you see ?" didn't ken whe it could be." See SEESTA.
;
SITHORS,
scissors.
The
th
sounded heavy as
in withers.
SITTEN, SETTEN,
the p.p. otsit. Sitten-on, small, ill-thriven. sitten-on creatur" (applied to a thing." diminutive person). " Black szYfcw," near the time of incubation, applied to eggs under a hen when the birds are in the shell. " When a dumpling, hasty pudding, potatoes, etc., have sitien on to the bottom of the pan in which they are boiled they are said to be
"A
sitten-on
"A
bishopped."
p. 131, n.
S.
Oliver the Younger, Rambles in Northumberland, 1835,
SITTIN-UP,
keeping watch at night a custom yet observed with a corpse from death to the burial. See LAKE WAKE.
;
SKAIDLY,
SKAIL,
"
of a pilfering habit.
See SKYEDLY.
to disperse.
See SCALE.
SKAITH,
Glossary,
harm, injury.
the skath, and another hath the scorn."
One doth
"
Proverb, Ray's
E.D.S.
Wa's me that ever I was born, For I'se get baith theskaith and scorn."
"
The
G. Stuart, Joco-Serious Discourse, 1686, bits o' good we de
p. 49.
The verra happiest moments gie us, And mun, aw think, still help a wee
At
last frae
awfu" skaith to free us." T. Wilson, Pitman's Pay,
pt.
i.,
1826, v. 100.
SKARN, SHAREN,
hungry dog Hodgson MS.
"
dung
of cows.
See SHARE.
Northumberland proverb,
will eat a skarny
pudding."
SKEADLICK,
rocks, as in
a sneaking low animal or person.
See SKYEDLY.
SKEAR, SKEER, SKERR,

Green
scar.
Sheer,
another form of
a term applied to some coast Hadstone Sheers, etc. Probably See SCAR and compare CAR.
;
SKECKY, SKEKIE,
mettlesome, ready to start at an object " " That's a (said of one skecky mear applied to an animal. that shies at anything). The word was variously used as a not uncommon epithet applied to men. Its signification may have been descriptive of a proud, disdainful mien, or of a pugnacious character. Mr. Thomas Forster, of Alnwick and
646
Warenford, who died at Alnwick in 1813, a gentleman of eccentric habits, was known as the " Skecking Laird." Only a few years ago, a workman named Forster, a relative of the above Forster, died at Alnwick. He was usually* called the skecker by his comrades in the shop. A policeman at Warkworth was known as " Old Skeck."
SKEDADDLE,
"
The American War familiarized this term in 1862 had been commonly used on Tyneside long before.
The word
fifty
to disperse in flight, to retreat precipitately.

;
but
it
was constantly used in Winlaton in my youth, Note by Mr. Isaac Jeavons, 1891. In Dumfriesshire it was currently applied to the wasteful overflow of milk from an ill-balanced milk pail." Mackay, Dictionary of Lowland
skedaddle
between
11
and
sixty years ago."
Scotch, 1888.
SKEEL,
a vessel containing about six gallons, constructed of wooden staves, hooped with iron, one of the staves being made longer than the rest and carved so as to form a handle. The diameter of the skeel is greatest at the bottom the taper towards the top giving steadiness to the vessel when it is filled and balanced on the head, where it is always " " carried when full. A " weeze or " skeen forms a circular pad for the head in carrying water whilst a flat board or wooden trencher, called a " stiller," floats on the surface to prevent splashing over the edge.
straight
;
"
1652.
stoole for the skeeles."
SKEEL, SKILL, SKEEL,

Hodgson
to
shell,
he' nee skeel o' that
approbation, regard, good opinion. " no good opinion of that man. chep
to
"
Aa
take
the
shell
or
husk
off corn.
MS.
skilful,
SKEELY,
SKEEN,
adept, sagacious.
the round pad which a maid puts on her head in Weeze is the more general name. carrying a skeel.
shying, easily scared.
SKEERY,
"
The
horses were skeery."
See SCARRY and compare SKECKY.
SKEET, SK1TE, SKEATE,

glance off as a water. " Aa'll and drakes.
flat
to skate,
to slip,
to
skid,
to
stone does when thrown on the surface of sheet ye," a challenge to the game of ducks
647
SKEETS,
guided.
the shaft timbers in a pit on which the cage is " Skeetin-dyels," deals erected to fend off a kibble or bucket in a shaft.
the stump of a branch.
Brockett.
SKEG,
SKEIR-WARE,
nodosus.
the marine algae, Fucus serratus and Fuciis

2.
See WARE,
SKELF,
the old Northumbrian mode of pronouncing shelf. Hodgson, Northumberland, pt. ii., vol. Hi., p. 195, n. Compare SKARN, SKEEL 3, SKELL-DUKE, and SKIMMERIN.
shieldrake, Todovna Belonii, Ray.
bandganner.
SKELL-DUKE, SKELL, the

Also called the
"
It
scaledrake
and
Holy Island and Bamborough." and Durham, p. 150.
breeds in rabbit holes on the sandy links by the seashore between John Hancock, Birds of Northumberland
SKELLET,
SKELLY,
required
an iron pot with feet, like a " yetlin," but differing from a yetlin in having a straight, instead of a bow, handle.
squinting.
Skelly,
From the effort squint. observer, the telescope is Similarly, a kaleidoscope is facetiously called a shelly scope. " " gleed, asquint. humorously called a gleediscoup " She struck me wi* surprize while she skelly'd wiv' her eyes."
to
by an inexperienced
W.
Midford. The Pitman's Skellyscope, 1818,

shelly
p. 53.
"
Wiv
her snipy beak, an'
een."
p. 170.
Robson, Lovesick Collier Lass. Bards of the Tyne, 1849,
SKELLY,
Yarrell.
the small river fish dare or dace, Leuciscus vulgaris,
SKELP,
a sharp slap. "Aa'll gie ye a skip o' the lug." To slap smartly with the flat hand to thrash soundly to make in mining, to use the or cause any very rapid movement pick in pulling down or hewing coal, instead of kirving, nicking, and wedging, or bringing it down with powder.
; ; ;
" I
canno
tell
canno
tell a'
gat a skelp, and some gat a claw; But they gar'd the Featherstons haud their jaw, Nicol, and Alick, and a'." Surtees, Death of Featherstonhaugh. Border Minstrelsy, fifth ed., 1821, vol. i., p. 241.
Some
"
Wor
The words cam
tongues becam' ne cripples noo, skelpin rank and file." T. Wilson, Pitman's Pay,
1
pt.
iii.,
1829, v. 70.
648
SKELPIN,
a cant term applied to anything very large. " She's a " It's a skelpin lass." Skelper is similarly used. noo." skelper,
SKELPIN-THE-HIDE-AND-TALLOW,
;
carousing till the a custom observed value of hide and tallow are consumed when a "mairt" had been found to weigh more than had
been anticipated.
(Obs.)
SKEM, SKEMMY,
skem."
a term of contempt. Also the blue rock or any other
"He's a
reg'lar
common
breed of
pigeon.
"For
there's a
chep that skemmies breeds." Robson, Bards of the Tyne, 1849,
p. 113.
SKEP, SKIP,
a basket of wicker work, rushes, or straw, used " produce. Bee-skep" a beehive made of straw. The word is applied generally and may be used as the name of any handy receptacle. A coal skep is a coal scuttle. A meal skep is the dish in which oatmeal is kept. The skep was formerly a measure of varying quantity in each It sometimes contained twelve bushels, of sixteen locality. gallons to the bushel and upwards.
for carrying agricultural
SKEULIN,
"
What
See SKYUL. schooling, knowledge. dis a plewman want wi' skeulin, aw wad ken ?" Geo. Chatt, Old Farmer, poems, 1866,
"
p. 86.
SKEW,
the roof line of a gable. Skew-blocks," the corbelled blocks on which the water-tabling of the gables rest. To throw aside. " Divvent skew the things aboot that way." " Skewin a stone" is the art of throwing a flat stone with "side" on it, so that it cuts the air and holds a straight
course.
to slide. The wheels of a locomotive skid when they revolve without biting or adhering to the line. A waggon wheel is skidded or caused to slide by chaining or spragging it.
SKID,
SKIDDER,
SKILL.
the
common
2.
skate, Raia
batis, Yarrell.
See SKEEL,
SKIMMERIN,
shining clean.
"
shimmering.
" Skimmerin clean"
polished and
Lac't (laced) about wi' shimmering- tinsel." Discourse, 1686, p. 24.
SKIN,
" Aa'll skin to flog violently. ye Skinnin, a thorough thrashing.
if
aa get ahad on ye."
649
cards.
SKIN-ABYUN-SKIN,
to
trump over your adversary's
SKINCH
the cry for parley in a boys' game. This appears have superseded the old form, " King's shouted out when a truce is called in a game. speech,"
!
of late years to
SKIN-FLINT,
lean, or
mean
person, a miser.
Skinny-flint, a thin,
bony person.
very small.
Skinty bit, a very small piece.
SKINTY,
goose.
SKIP-JACK,
a child's toy
made
of the
merrythought bone of a
SKIPPER,
the leading hand on board a keel. The crew of a keel consisted of three men and a boy the men known as " " bullies," their senior called skipper, and the boy peedee." " 1618, an information was made in the Star Chamber May i6th, against several hostmen and skippers of Newcastle-upon-Tyne for Brand, History of Newcastle, vol. ii., p. 278. adulterating coals." " An Act of Parliament, 1788, for establishing a permanent fund for the relief and support of skippers and keelmen employed on the river Tyne." Mackenzie, History of Newcastle, p. 550.
;
SKIRL, SKREEL,
childish rage
to cry
excessively.
continuation of
and
grief.
Hodgson
MS.
It
SKIRL-NEAK'T,
Coquetdale
;
name
A common stark naked. usually applied to children. of a place near Wooler.

the two pieces of
expression in is also the
SKIRVAL,
1
wood
acting as a keel in cobles.
SKIS-THURSDAY,
wrights
our Lady-day in Lent. Books of ShipCompany, Newcastle, 1630. Brand, vol. ii., p. 343, n.
,
(Obs.)
" Skirisfurisday Skyirthurisdaye, the Thursday before Good Friday. " Called, in England, Maundy Thursday." Jamieson, Scottish Dictionary.
SKITE, SKITE,
SKITE,
a kite.
See SKYET.
"
a forcible slap.
Aa gav him
skite o'
the lug."
to throw or to shoot with a jerk, as in throwing a flat stone that tips along the face of a pond. " Aa can skite a styen farther nor 'ee." "The styen hit the top o' the waal
an' skited reet off."
To
fly hastily.
See SKEET.
Compare
SKUTTOR.
SKITE, SKYTE,
to squirt.
See SCOOT.
650
to
SKITTLE,
aboot."
run about without
aim.
"He
:
gans
skittlin
SKIVE,
to shave or pare leather. Shoemaker " Hoo did ye come to spoil them soles that way?" Apprentice: "Aa skived them, sor."
SKLENDER,
SKLENT,
fell."
slender.
Occasionally used by old people.
"The
to slant, to glance. sun's sklentin"
"The
"He
styen sklented off as
it
sklented oot o* the side o'
his ee."
SKOGGER,
SKOUT,
the leg of an old stocking, applied to keep snow out of shoes. Hodgson MS. A variant of hogger, which see.
the auk is so-called in Pennant, Tour in Scotland, ed. 1790,
Northumberland.
i.,
See
(Obs.)
48.
Halliwell.
SKREEN
ment
(a form of spelling screen, which see), the arrangefor sifting or screening coals at a pit.
" Small coal skreening apparatus with Inventory of Wallsend Colliery, 1848.
gangway, &c., complete."
SKREENGE, SKRINGE,
to squeeze violently.
Brockett.
SKRIEGH
[N.]
"
a shriek.
See next word.
The
owlet gave an eerie skriegh." Minstrelsy of the English Border, 1847, p. 406.
;
SKRIKE,
hear."
to shriek
a shriek.
"
The
skrikes
on her wis aaful
ti
SKUDDY,
SKUG,
"
naked.
a shelter.
To
seek covert or shelter.
SKUMFISH,
Wood
11
to suffocate.
embers, the snuffing of a candle, sulphur, &c., have skumfishing effluvia in close rooms." Hodgson MS.
She thout she wad
ha' been skumfeesht wi' the steyth." T. Bewick, The Upgetting, ed. 1850, p. 15.
SKUNNER,
SCUNNER.
to flinch from.
"She
nivver skunnered
it."
See
651
3,
SKUTTOR,
SKITE,
3.
to hurry
11
off.
Compare SKITTLE, SCUTTLE,
and
Away
she skuttors in hor coach."

J.
P. Robson, The Tip Top Wife, 1870.
SKYBELT,
a lazy, useless, ne'er-do-well.

[T.], pilfering
SKYEDLY
thievish,
SKAIDLY [N.], of [S.] Applied especially to a propensity. sneaking, voracious dog or cat, and occasionally to men of "A " That's a similar disposition. skaidly skyedly beast." " tyke." Greyhoonds is myestly aall on them skeyedly"
,
SKEYEDLY
SKYEL,
SKYEL,
SKYET,
to disperse. to scale.
See SCALE,
.1,
and SCALEBREAK.
Skyels, scales of a fish.
a kite.
"Paper
skyets,
penny
pies, an* huil-doos."
W.
Midford, The Pitman's Courtship, 1818.
SKYET, SKYEAT,
a skate fish.
skyet,
See SKIDDER.
ha'penny a share, hinny."
Newcastle
street cry.
" Here's yor bonny
SKYLARK, to play
SKY-SCRAPER,
pranks.
a niggardly person.
also
SKYUL
etc.,
[T.],
SKEE-YUL,
a school.
SKUEL, SKUIL, SKULE,

at pitch
group of gamblers
and
toss is called
a skyul.
SLAB-DASH, SLAP-DASH,
to stencil in colours
to whitewash, to paint roughly, on a plaster wall a method of decoration much used before the introduction of cheaper wall papering. An imitation of marble was sometimes made by splashing on
;
colours.
SLACK,
small or dust coal.
SLACK,
"
still
Ye come
a hollow, a depression on the surface of the ground. " The snow's ti where thor's a slack i' the road." i' the slack" lyin
SLACK,
impudent, loose, or
Says he
"
idle talk.
"
Had
yor
slack
"
hold
your tongue.
Read
this,
J.
and haud yor
slack."
P. Robson, Skipper's Almanack. Bards of the Tyne, 1849, p. 152.
652
insufficient in quantity or
SLACK,
here."
filled.
volume.
"
The
;
air's slack
"
He
Not
slack" that is, insufficiently busy, or in indifferent employment the opposite
sent
up two tubs
1
of "flush." "Are ye very thrang thi day?" "No, hinney, Listless in bodily condition, trade nivver was se slack.' " Aa feel that slack aa cud lie doon." as in hot weather. " Put mair coals on, the oven's getten Inadequately heated.
slack."
SLACK- WATTER, smooth water, where the current is

SLAB, SLAY,
11
not
felt.
the sloe; fruit of blackthorn, Slay bus," a sloe bush.

"
Pmnus
spinosa,
L.
When
the slae tree

barley,
is
Sow your
whether
white as a sheet, it be dry or weet." Old saying.
SLAFE,
SLAG,
its
narrow,
mean
looking
said of cattle.
pyrites, generally
a thin bed or band of coal mixed with lime and iron known as brat. Probably called slag from apparent resemblance to that substance.
SLAGER, SLAIGER, "to

SLAIN,
rust or that wheat."
soft,
besmear, bedaub.
slaiger'd
in doing anything. place." Compare SLAIRG.
He
To make a mess the paint ower the hyel

lot o' slain
smut
in grain.
" Thor's a
amang
SLAIRG,
sloven.
wet mud, "
clarts."
Compare SLAGER.
SLAISTER,
a mess, a slovenly way of doing things. Also a " He's a reg'lar slaister." To bedaub, to do anything in a dauby or untidy fashion to walk with an awkward and slovenly gait. To slaister a person is to mess him by giving him a thrashing. The word seems always to denote some form of mess caused either by want of skill or want of " Them tidiness. painter cheps gets badly endwis, an' " He cam they've been slaisterin on for a week at the job." slaisterin alang an hoor ahint the time." Slaistrel, a sloven. " Clean the yaird up, ye greet slaistrel, ye."
;
SLAKE,
a large
mud
flat
composed of
;
sleek (ooze),
alternately
bare by the tide as Jarrow Slake on the Tyne, Fenham Slakes, the flats near Holy Island. In 1670, the forms Jarrow-s/zfo and Jarrow-S/yfo occur. Brand, vol. ii., Slakes are formed where the absence of rapid currents p. 27. allows the deposit of fine sediment.
left
covered and
653
SLAKE
The enterospecies of seaweed, Entevomorpha. the bed of the lower part of the Tweed during the summer, and are well-known to our fishermen under the name of slake, for, by clogging his nets, they offer a serious obstacle to his work. Johnston, Botany of the Eastern Borders, p. 287.
[N.]
,
morpha
fill
Compare SLAUKE.
SLAKE
bucket
[N.]
a habitual drunkard.
slush.
Known
also as a slush-
and a
SLAKE,
SLAP,
to smear, to wet, to bedaub.
to enter at a breach or opening. " They're looking where to find a gapp And, if they find it, in they'll slapp."
p. 35.
SLAPPING,
STRAPPING.
"
Stopper,
tall,
strong,
strapping.
Brockett.
See
STRAPPER and
any large object."
SLATE,
a stratum that splits or slices easily. The finegrained and thinly laminated sandstone used for roofing in old houses is also called slate, and the large slabs into which it is dressed are known as Northumberland Slates. The beds from which it is obtained are called slate-sills.
" There are three varieties of coal the slate or common coal, the Cannel or Splint Coal, and the Coarse, also called Splint Coal." Mackenzie, History of Northumberland, 1825, vol. i., p. 82.
;
SLATE,
to thrash a person.
It
means to damage an antagonist

;
effectually, as with a stroke. Also " to set a dog loose at anything
as sheep, swine, &c."
Brockett.
SLATTERY,
SLATY,
wet, rainy.
;
"
slattevy
day."
like shale
where other and harder deposits alternate

I
with a seam of coal a slaty coal is the result. " The Stone-Coal is subject to be a little Slaty, as
Compleat
Collter, 1708, p. 19.
am
told."
J. C.,
SLAUKE,
latissima,
the sea- weed green laver, Ulva lactuca and U. The edible sea-weed, which continued to be L. sold in Newcastle for food or pickling, is the purple laver, " Rag Porphyra laciniata or P. vulgaris, Ag. At the weekly Fair " in Sandgate it was a regular article of sale, collected by the Irish who lived in the low parts of the town.
It is called in Northumberland slauhe : whyche in lent the poore people sethe, and that with lekes and oyniones. They put it in a poot, and smoze it, as they call it, and then it looketh blake, and then put they oyniones to it, and eat it." 'liitner, quoted Johnston's Botany of
"
Eastern Borders, p. 286.
654
.NORTHUMBERLAND WORDS.
SLAVERIN,
"
slaverin, "
slavering. Applied as a term of contempt " slaverin " slaverin hash," cull," equivalent to boobyish, as
or slaver-haggish."
is likewise fined for calling Wm. Johnson, one of the Stewards, slavering hash, and deniing to meete 35. 4d." Books of the Bricklayers' Company, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Nov. 28th, 1665. " Wor Geordy, one day the greet slaverin cull He wad be a noodle, and act like a full." Ed. Corvan, d. 1865, He wad be a Noodle.
Henry Hedley
SLAY,
sleek.
the sloe.
Usually written
river
is
slae,
which
see.
SLECK,
smooth
mud.
slake
.
"Sludge"
wet,
muddy
is a large expanse of deposit, but not necessarily
fine and smooth as sleek. " Sleek or soft and smooth
earth, deposited in silent corners of rivers in a flood. Jarrow Slake, especially in the Salt Meadows by the side of the Don, contains an almost inexhaustible quantity of fine sleek clay, well adapted for making a ware similar to the terra cotta of the ancients." Hodgson MS.
SLECK-TROW,
"
the trough containing the water in which smiths cool their tongs and temper steel. "Slake, to quench and trow, trough." Hodgson MS.
;
the time for parading nigh hand grows, A' wesh thirsels clean i' the sleek trows; Fling off their black duddies,
When
And
to drill run the
Leave hammers and studdies, bonny Geatsiders." J. Shield, Bonny Geatsiders.

(Volunteer song of 1805.)
SLED,
a sledge. Drees," or sleds, were in use for many purposes where wheeled vehicles are now generally adopted. They are still used for heavy weights where roads are not available. Skdder, the former name for the under-banksman
at a colliery.
"
"The sled, on which the Corves were drawn previous to the introduction of wheels and rails, is still used occasionally in leading to a stow board." Nicholson, Glossary Coal Trade terms, 1888.
SLEE,
cat."
sly, astute, crafty.
"
On
the
slee
"stealthily.
furred.
SLEEKIT
SLEEP,
[N.]
smooth skinned or smooth
"
sleekit
become quite motionless.
applied to a peg top, which in spinning appears to It is then said to sleep.

[N.], sleepy, drowsy.
SLEEPERY
655
SLEEPIN MAGGIE, the

Linn.
red meadow clover, Trifoliumpratense, Britten and Holland, English Plant Names, E.D.S.
to sleep
in
;
SLEEP-THE-CAALER,
after the callev
literally
to
sleep on
has roused the slumberer.

"Sleet
o'
SLEET,
sleight, dexterity.
hand."
SLEICHER,
SLENT,
aslant.
a skulker, a sneak.
slant, oblique.
"
It's
on the
slent"
aslope.
Slenty,
See TOPS.
a bloodhound. (Obs.) known by the scent." Jamieson. man which led him, to go make enquirie
;
SLEUTH-HOUND, SLOO-HOOND,
"
Sleuth, the track of
man
or beast as
" Paide for a sloohound

for
and a
Newcastle Municipal Accounts, 1.592, Aprill. " Paide for the charges of a bitch and a dogg one from Denton, and one other from Chester [le Street] to followe the sents and trode of those which broke the towne chamber dore paid to the man of Chester for his bitch, 203. his owne paines, 2s. paid him of Denton, for the The same, anno 1595. 325." dog, IQS. " In 1616, a commission was sent to Sir Wilfrid Lawson and Sir Hutton, stating that horrid disorders daily increased in the Borders, and that slough-dogs should be provided, according to the King's proclamation." W. Hutton, History of Roman Wall, 1802, p. 100. " Sharp is the sturdy sleuth dog's fang." Ballad, The Fray o' Plautwessell.
James Watson,
53."
Wm.
SLEW, SLUE,
to turn or swing anything round, as the jib of a crane slews its load. " He slewed him reet roond aboot." " The more or less north-easterly strike prevalent in the strata
throughout the southern part of Northumberland undergoes a powerful twist or slew along the west side of Coquetdale." Hugh Miller, Geology of Otterburn and Elsdon. Geological Survey Memoir, 1887, p. 16.
SLICE,
a small square shovel used coals on to his fire.

"Slyce, spatula."
by a blacksmith
for
putting
Promptorium Parvulorum.
SLICK, SLEEK,
smoothly, cleverly.
and slick he twirls the stick." James Armstrong, Wanny Blossoms, 1879,
p. 29.
" Sae neat
SLICKENED,
Used to describe the appearance polished. found on the planes of bedding where a fault in the strata has occurred. Slickenside, the polished rock surface caused by two sides of a fault rubbing the one against the other during upheaval or subsidence of the rocks.
656
SLICK-STONE, SLEEK-STONE,
a polishing stone, or a piece of solid glass with which floors were formerly rubbed to give them a glossy appearance. Slickstones were sometimes made with a stalk or handle. (Obs.)
(p.p. of slide), slipped. celebrated figure, called Robin of Risingham, which was cut in high relief upon a huge block of sUdden sandstone." Hodgson, Northumberland, pt. ii., vol. i., p. 165, n.
"
SLIDDEN
The
SLIDDER,
to slide with jerks.
" The winder
sliddered
doon."
See SLITHER.
SLIDDER, SLIDDERY,
"
My
tongue
is
unstable, slippery, smooth. grown sae slip and slidder."

SLIDE,
which
mining, the moveable brattice end in a board, so as to be drawn across the tramway to the opposite side, in a sloping direction, for the purpose of throwing the air up the board at nights, when the pit is not working. Slide-regulator, Sliding -scale, in mining, a framework made with two sliding latticed panels, sliding past each other, and thus opening or closing to regulate the scale of air. See REGULATING SCALE.
in
is
made
SLIDES,
cage guides fixed

a slide on ice. "
in a pit shaft.
See SKEETS.
breed a
slidcy."
SLIDEY,
Howay,
lads, let's
SLIDING-DEALS.
SLIME,
or
See SKEETIN-DYELS.
a mixture of sand and See SLUDGE, i.
soft lead ore in
SLUDGE,
,
process of washing.
SLINE
SLING,
[W.-T.]
a joint in stratified rocks.
Also called a
back.
or PLOO-SLING, the swivel and hook attachment by which the double-tree is slung from the plough head, or "bridle"; and the similar attachments by which the
"swingle-trees" are
double-tree.
again,
heavy
Sling, a chain weights in lifting.
in turn, connected with the with loops used for putting round
SLINGE,
SLINGY,
SLINKY, "
fella
to slink, to sneak.
Compare SLEICHER.
a lazy, useless fellow.

" He's a of a slinking, deceitful character. slinky that is, a schemer in evading his work.
657
SLIP, SLIP-DYKE,
a dislocation of the strata in a pit where a portion of the strata have apparently slipped down. A " " whin-dyke is where an intrusion of basalt has occurred. Where the fault is slight, and the elevation or depression amounts to a few inches only, it is called a " hitch." In the language of the workmen all these disturbances are expressively classed under the name of "troubles."
"
The
small
collieries."
slips, hitches, and troubles so constantly met with in Lebour, Geology of Northumberland and Durham, second ed.,
1886, p. 134.
SLIP, an
outside covering, a child's pinafore. Pillow slip, a pillow case In general use. Slip was formerly used for a scabbard, sheath, etc., and the maker of such things was called a slipper, a term now obsolete.
" Elizabeth, wife of George Heslop, sword-slipper." 1580, Nov. 16. Interments, St. Nicholas' Church, Newcastle.
SLIP, "a
lass
slight or slim person, a
growing
"
girl.
bit slip iv a
a young, slender
girl.
SLIP,
hank of yarn consisting

SPINEL.
of twelve " cuts."
CUT and
SLIP,
SLIP,
glib.
Compare
See quotation under SLIDDER.
to run or he's gettin on."

,
walk
"
hastily.
slip
" Aa'll
slip
doon an' see hoo

he's wanted."
Just
ower
an' tell
Bob
"
SLIPE
[N] slippery. Slippy, slippery. the flags is that slippy.'"

quick.
Aa canna waak,
be quick.
SLIPPY,
"
Leuk
slippy
noo
"that
is,
SLIPPY BACKS,
See BACK,
3.
four or five inches in a
vertical planes of cleavage occurring every seam of coal. Gresley's Glossary, 1883.
SLIPPY-PARTING.
SLIPS,
at
See SLICKENED.
flat iron bands encircling the wood of a swingle-tree each end and in the centre, to which S shaped links are attached to connect with the plough or other implement at one side and with the horse gear at the other.
SLITHER,
slip.
a slide.
"
"
Hi, lads,
away,
let's
hev a
slither:'
Slither, to
She
slithered
like the
J.
snaw i' the street." P. Robson, The Kittlin Legacy, 1849.
658
the p.p. of slit. the neck to the boddom."
(*
SLITTEN,
o'
"His
coat wis
slitten fre
the nape
SLIVER
let in
long), a thin strip, especially a thin lath or tongue,
between two grooves, in order to make an air-tight A cross-piece on top and bottom of a cart heckboard. joint. The can for receiving yarn as it is spun.
SLOACH,
SLOAT,
to drink in a vulgar, greedy way. Also a fellow " He's a drinking more than his share. greet muckle sloach."
off the skat
the neck in a carcase of beef. ti myek a pie."

to slake lime by with drink.
"
Aa want twee pund
SLOCKEN,
appease
slockent."
thirst
mixing it with water, to slake or " Aa've sic a drooth aa canna
" 1654 Paid for making the church cleane, the pewes, &c., after the lime was slockned in the quire, 8d." Church Books of St. Nicholas,
Newcastle.
SLOG,
to strike with great force. Used in describing the blows given with a sledge-hammer. " They slogged away at the anchor shank." See SLUG.
SLOGAN, SLUGHORN,
YET-YET
!
a gathering cry for war, the shout See YETraised at the attack, or the watchword of a clan.
"Then
raise the Slogan with ane schout,

it
!
Fy, Tindall to
Jedburgh's here." The Raid of Reedswire.
SLOGGER,
to
fit
to hang loosely or to become loose through work, Stockings or clothes that fall slack loosely or untidily. are said to slogger. The part in a machine that shakes or works in a loose manner is said to slogger. pair of loose loose, slippers down at heel are also said to slogger. undress jacket is called a " sloggerin jacket." S loggers, loose a person disorderly in dress. trousers
SLOGGERY,
(said to
loose, shaky.
"
Dinna had
it
sloggery like that
"
one who had a loose, irresolute hold of an " The crank's workin a' sloggery."
article).
SLONK,
a depression in the ground, like a "swallow
hole.''
Compare SLUMP.
SLONKY,
SLOOM,
long and lanky.
a doze.
See SLUM.
659
SLORP,
food
to make a sucking noise with the mouth as in taking " He with a spoon or in drinking. slorped his tea." to boots or shoes when they make a Intransitively applied similar sound. "Them shoes slorps at the heels." "Slorpin " an' eatin drinking noisily with the mouth full of victuals or like a glutton. "Slorpin an' greetin" crying and making a sobbing sound. "Slorp 0' Tuggal," a Northumberland saying applied to a person having a slovenly appearance in the feet. By "Slorp o' Ttiggar* is meant a clog and a shoe, or a similar incongruity on the feet. Tuggal is a township in the parish
;
of
Bamburgh.
a door bolt.
SLOT,
door.
To
"slot the door," to shoot the bolt of a
" Two slotes for the dining chamber door." History of Newcastle in XVI. Century, p. 358.
Account of 1560, Welford,
SLOT,
to cut a groove in anything.
SLOTHER,
thick fluid.
Compare SLUTHER,
i.
Slothery,
messy, slatternly.
SLOWF
(the pronunciation of slough), a
miry place.
Called
SLOWPEY,
SLUDGE,
SLECK.
a slop garment, a kind of smock frock.
sometimes a smokey.
for draining off the
wet sediment or mud. Sludge-cock, a cock sediment from a steam boiler. Compare Sludger, a tool which screws on to the end of a
soft, It is
bore-rod to extract the sludge.
of cylindrical shape,
having an auger-like screw at the bottom and a clack or It differs from a valve to retain semi-fluid material. " wimble," which is used where the triturated matter is in a dry condition, in having the retaining clack. Sludge-ore, the ore of lead so finely pulverized that it cannot be submitted It is deposited in to a stream of water without loss. Also called receiving tanks and then carefully treated.
slime.
SLUG, SLOG,
to
strike
" Touch us, if ye dar, an' is a dire beating.

" Gi'e
violently, to overcome in a fight. aa'll slug ye." slug or a sluggin
them every yen a
slug."
pt. Hi., 1829, v. 34.
SLUGHORN.
nor slum."
See SLOGAN.
SLUM, SLOOM,
a light sleep. " Aa've getten nowther sleep Slummin, dozing. See DOVER.
660
a bog or wet hole.
to slip,
to fall
SLUMP,
See SUMP.
into
SLUMP,
place.
plum down
any wet or
dirty
Ray,
Glossary, E.D.S., B. 15.
" Newcassel hes fairly slump't into disgrace." R. Gilchrist, 1835, Song of Improvements. Bards of the Tyne, p. 416.
SLUSH,
melting snow or soft wet mud. Slush, Slushbucket, a fellow, a gluttonous eater and drinker. Slush-coal, Sluice-coal, soft, messy, or pulverized coal. Slush-kit, a half barrel in which grease produced in cooking, etc., is stored. " The road's Slushy, sloppy from half melted snow. varry
drunken
slushy."
SLUTHER,
41
slough or muddy deposit. Compare SLOTHER. The shoes had got loosened and had stuck in the tenacious clay
Simpson, History of Bwhs. Nat. Club,
of
the sluther or slough."

p. 312.
vol. vi.,
SLUTHER,
" She sluthered to huddle in a disorderly manner. the things together." Sluther -ma -giillion, a great, loose, untidy "He's a greet sluther-ma-gullion." Elsewhere sort of fellow. the form is slubberdegullion. See Hudibras i, iii., 1. 886.
"Slutherment, Sludderment, dirt,
filth,
nastiness."
Brockett.
SMAA, SMAAL,
small coal coals that pass through the screen bars before their further separation into nuts, etc. Small-leader, a leader of small coals, a lad employed to "put" " stow-board." GreenwelL small coals from the hewer to a
;
SMACK,
flatly,
"
suddenly and with a resounding blow. The bairns lap ower the bed wi' fright
Fell smack
upon the
floor,
man."
W.
Midford, X. Y. Z. at Newcastle Races, 1814.

2.
SMAIRG,
to besmear.
Compare SMOOR,
SMALLY,
ear.
" He's very small, of stunted or immature size. a bit smally body onyway." "The tormits is smally thi oney
SMART-MONEY,
who have
11
money paid weekly by masters to persons received an injury at their work. Men who are injured while at work in the pit get a weekly allowance
is
of five shillings from the owners of the colliery. This money." Trans. Tyneside Nat. Field Club, vol. vi., p. 206.
called smart
66l
SMASH
a characteristic expletive. It is used in many combinations, and is expressed to give vigour or emphasis. " Smash ! let us we'll and see
!
Jemmy,
buss,
off,
Newcassel
Races." Also spoken as Odsmash ! Adsmash sark ! Smash me hart ! or Deel smash me hart !
Gad smash me
SMASHER,
smasher,''
a pasty or tart made of fruit. A " grozer a round standing pie made of " grozers " (goose-
berries).
SMASHER,
dimensions.
cant
word
for
anything
of huge or gross
SMATTER,
"
to smash.
Wor
Ralph
that
'11
smatter a their ribs,
Smatterin, a complete smash up. he is se strang, begox !" R. Emery, Bards of the Tyne, 1849, p. 281.
1
11
Aw own
aw was
fairly
deun and
smatter' d very sair."
The same.
SMEEDE,
smooth.
" Smeede letch."
This often occurs
in
place-names.
SMEETH
(the th as in seethe), to smooth.
SMIDDUM,
through a sieve, collected of washing the refuse ore.
small particles of lead ore which have passed in a tub or cistern, in the process
SMIDDY, SMITTY,
snug
a smith's shop; applied also to a small, house or location and again, by inversion, to a common or mean-looking place. " Ye've a warm smiddy doon " It's i' the huddock there." oney a poor smiddy, onyway aa wadn't he' sic a hoose." Smiddy shunders, smithy cinders.
;
SMITTY GUM, SMIDDY COOM,

iron
.the
scale
which
falls
off
when
it is
worked
hot.
Compare COOM.
Bullein,
SMIT,
to infect.
afraied of eche other for feare of smityng." Dialogue, 1564, E. E. Text Society, p. 8, 1. 19.
"Thei were
SMITHERS, SMITHEREENS "

splinters,
*
(the th
as in
wither),
ti
He's broke the pot aal minute fragments. See SHIVER, i. It's gyen aal ti smithereens." smithers"
SMITH OF KIND,
an
unbroken
line
one who
is
the seventh in descent from

father
of blacksmiths
and
son.
See
HEART-GROWN and BLACKSMITH OF KIND.
662
SMITTAL, SMITTLE,
is
It infectious, catching, venomous. also applied in describing either a likely place to catch a " It's a smittal fish or a likely bait for catching. spot for a salmon." " That's a smittal flee for a troot."
"The toad is very smittle, in plain English venemous." Legends and Superstitions, p. 142.
" It's smittal
W.
Brockie,
when owt
o'
that kind's started." Geordy's Last, 1878, p. 7.
SMOCK-RACE,
which
girls
chemise.
a race formerly common at the hoppings in prize being a new smock or (Obs.)
competed, the
SMOKEY
SMOKEY,
SMOOR,
[N.]
a kind of smock-frock.
See SLOWPEY.
the hedge sparrow.
See SMOTTY.
to smother.
SMOOR,
to
smear
or
daub
(Northumberland).
Grose.
Compare SMAIRG.
SMOOTHY
warm.
sounded as in thin), dank, damp, and and moist condition of the atmosphere " It's a smoothy day." frequently experienced in autumn.
The
(the th close
SMOTTY,
the hedge sparrow, Prunella modularis, L. also hedgy, spowey, smokey, bluey, field-sparrow, fieldy, etc.
Called
SMOUT, SMOOT,
rabbits in a fence.
a hole
made and frequented by hares or See SMUT-HOLE.
SMOUT,
SMOZE,
a smelt; anything small.

a
method of cooking.
See quotation under SLAUKE.
SMUDGE,
To "smudge to laugh in a suppressed manner. " Also to smoulder as a is to laugh inwardly. See SMUSH. fire of field weeds does.
and laugh
Aw fancy
" She smudgin said, ye mun ha'e yor way." T. Wilson, Pitman's Pay, pt.
iii.,
1829, v 7 2 -
SMUSH,
to burn without flame or
any appearance of
fire
except smoke.
Hodgson
MS.
SMUT-HOLE, SMOT-HWOLE, SMOOT-HWOAL, SMEYUT-HWOLE, SMOUT, the run or track of a hare

through a hedge
;
a tiny hole in a rabbit burrow
not the
main entrance.
663
SNAA,
"
snow. On a fall of snow it is said that geese are being ploated," and the following doggerel is sung by children as they dance and catch the feathery flakes
:
"
Keelmin, keelmin, * ploat yor geese Caad days an winter neets."
'
This legend of the snow is a very widely diffused one, and in Hesse, when it snows, they say, " Mother Hulda is making her bed" this, as it is shaken up, causes the feathers to fly about. See various sayings under FLOAT. Snaa-bmsh [N] ., melted snow. " The snaa-brash has ruined me shoes." See SLUSH. Snaa-read, Snaa-wreath, a snow-drift.
;
SNAB,
the projecting part of a
hill.
SNACK,
CHACK.
a snap of the jaws, a slight or snatch meal.
See
SNACK,
" She snacked it to snatch, to snap, as a dog does. up afore aa could rich't wi' me hand." snackin horse, one that bites. Snacky, Snack-apple, the game of snap apple.
snappy, ill-tempered.
SNAFFLE,
to take unfairly
"
to steal.
The brawls aboot a lyin-tide Or snaffled torns (far warse te
bide)."
T. Wilson, Keelman's Tribute, 1839.
SNAG, to hew or NOG and SNED,
cut roughly with an axe.

2.
Brockett.
Compare
SNAITH.
cuckoo's
See SNED.
torquilla,
SNAKE-BIRD,
SNAP,
baked
the wryneck, Yunx maiden and cuckoo's mate.
L.
Called also
a small gingerbread cake. When made very thin brittle they are called brandy snaps or scranchem.
and
SNAP,
a small pick used by lads employed to separate the brasses from the coal.
SNAPPY,
querulous, ready to catch at
trifles.
SNAP-UP,
to catch up hastily, to lay hold of in haste. "When aa gat there the pick on them had aall been snapped up." " He snapped us up afore aa could say a word."
664
SNARL,
made
a slip-loop used for catching rabbits or hares. It is of fine wire and set in the run of the animal. Hence "te snarl rabbits." Snarl, Snot-snorl, a ravelled, knotted skein. The kink in a rope is caused by the snarl or sharp bend of a
loop.
SNARLY,
crabbed
in
temper, cross.
"Just pinched to deeth, they're tarn and snarly, A' yammerin on frae morn till neet." T. Wilson, Pitman's Pay, pt. ii., 1827,
v. 50.
SNASH
SNECK,
The
(used for snack), to snap as a dog. " Dogs ha' snasht their Haunches."
See SNACK,
2.
G. Stuart, Joco-sevious Discourse, 1686,
p. 67.
latch or light fastening of a door or gate. from outside either by a flat thumb plate and lever, or simply by putting the finger through a hole in the door, or else by a piece of string passed from the latch through a gimlet hole to' the outside. Sneck-bow, a cross-bow. The string is held in a notch and liberated by a sueck arrangement in discharging the bolt or dart. Sneck-hole, the hole for inserting a finger to lift the sneck. Sneck-key, a doorSneck, a cant name for the nose key for lifting the latch. probably so-called from the resemblance of the projecting catch of a sneck to a nose. Sneck, to fasten the latch or hand catch of a door. Sneck-draan, long-nosed or visaged, hence applied to narrow-minded or mean people.
lift
the
sneck is lifted
"
1560.
James Trughet,
for
snecks of his
own iron,
is."
making five bands, four hooks, and four Welford, History of Newcastle, vol. ii., p. 358.
i.,
"A skin-flint,
sneck-drawn dog." T. Wilson, Pitman's Pay, pt.
1820, v. 53.
SNED,
the pole of a scythe. the sned are called " nibs."
The
small projecting handles on
.SNED,
to cut off or lop the branches of a tree or the tops of After a tree is cut down it is snedded, or divested of all its branches. Used figuratively, to rate, to scold. " I did sned him" snubbed and scolded him. "He ga the dog a " good sneddin reproved and scolded him. Snedeet, cropped or pruned bare. "Them busses is snedeet" trimmed bare. " Sneddin tormits," lopping turnips so as to leave the clean
turnips.
bulb only.
SNEESHON,
" I
a pinch of snuff. (Obs.) drew my box, and teuk a sneeshon."

G. Stuart, JocorSerious Discourse, 1686,
p. 13.
665
SNEEVLE,
"
snivle, to snuffle, to talk through the nose. applied contemptuously to a wheedling and " She's a insincere person. poor smevlin thing."
to
Sometimes
Synvelard, or
he that spekythe yn the nose."

;
Promptorium.
SNELL,
thi'
sharp, keen
day."
"She
"
" It's applied to the weather. gey snell blaas snell thi' day wes' he' snaa, aa think."
;
And ance
upon a day, cauld day and a snell."

it fell
The ballad of Tarn Lin;
SNEUD, SNUD, SNOOD,
in river fishing, the short pieces of twisted hair or cord to which the hooks are attached in a In sea fishing the sneud is the short line fisherman's line. which carries the hook. It is spliced on to the " back " or " u long deep-sea line, and the hook is attached to it by a wip or line of hair. .In net fishing, the sneuds or snuds are the
cords which fasten the bosom Compare SNUD and TAWM.
of the net to the hauling ropes.
SNEUL,
a hang-dog looking person.
See NOOL and NOOLED.

.nostrils.
SNEULLS,
SNIBBLE,
roads.
the internal lining of a sheep's

for scotching
Brockett.
a bar used See SPRAG.
tram wheels on inclined
SNIBLET,
tie,
which
the small piece of turned wood on the end of a is slipped through an eye at the other end.
to snift, snuffle, or snort, as
in the head.
It
is
cow
SNIFTER, SNUFTER,
with a cold
one does
SNIPE,
the beak of a bird, a snout.
sometimes used
sarcastically for a
man's nose.
covetous.
Brockett.
SNIPPY, SNIVY, mean,
SNIRRELS,
"
nose.
' '
the nostrils (Northumberland).
HalliwelVs Diet.
Compare NOSE-TIRRELS and SNORE-HOLES.

Snirle, an iron Brockett.
instrument for holding a bull by the gristle of the
SNIRT,
to break off the angle of a hewn stone; to flake off a piece of stone with a lever or with the application of pressure.
SNOAK,
to smell
"
and
sniff as a
dog does.
See SNOWK..
There thou's lyin like a hog, That's happy snoakin in a bog."

J.
Rowell, The Caller.
666
SNOB,
a shoemaker. The Castle Garth at Newcastle was " tenanted almost exclusively by snobs and " stangies (shoetailors).
"
makers and
run away amang the snobs An' stangies i' the Garth, man." R. Emery, The Owl, 1826.
Now
SNOB,
to take or catch.
" Aa'll snob her
"that
is,
a rabbit,
hare, etc.
SNOD,
of being "
trim, spruce, neat. Applied to character, it means "He's gey snod," " He's a gey clever, careful, tactful. snod gannin chep," or " He's a snod fellow," all represent a safe man. Hence to keep a matter snod is to keep it to oneself to keep a discreet silence with regard to it. It is sometimes used in slight disparagement, as when the virtue
" gey snod suggests the use of "
it
for self-advantage.
shave and look bonny, And go to my honey,

I'll
As
snod as
you
like."
T. Whittle, Humorous Letter.
SNOOD, SNOOD,
SNOOK,
at
see
a a
SNEUD.
or ribbon
fillet
worn by maidens.
See SNUD.
Holy Compare
beak-like, projecting headland; as "The Snook," " The Snook" near Sea Island, and Houses, etc. which has the same meaning in Ebb's Nook, nook,
is
Blyth's Ncok, and
probably the same word.
SNOOT,
a snout, the nose, the peak of a hat.

to snuff
11
SNOOVE,
and smell, to crouch.

fight,
Ratcliffe.
"
The dog cam
snoovin near."
My husband snooves awa from For greed of yellow gold."

Young
Minstrelsy of English Border, 1847, P-
44-
SNORE-HOLES,
a
the holes in the wind-bore at the bottom of
pump
to
admit the water.
SNORK,
SNOT,
"
to snort as a horse does.
the burnt wick or snuff of a candle. Snot, to snuff or " trim a candle. " Snot the candle, will ye ?
Snytyttge of a
nose or candy 1."
Promptorium.
line.
SNOT-SNORL,
"
The
rope's
a'
a kink or twisted bend in a rope or run inti snot-snorls." See SNARL.
667
SNOTTER, "mucus
that
from the nose, a wasted candle, a candle See SNOT, i. Snotter, to snivel, to to bubble and cry," as it is called. Snotter-box, the nose, a cant word. Snotter -clout, a pocket handkerchief.
has blubber
sweeled."
'
"
As weel as
For dishclout serves her apron nuik, snotter clout and duster."
pt.
i.,
1826, v. 59.
SNOTTY,
"
Ye
snotty dog,
snobbish, contemptible, imbecile. put in your tram, and dinna stand there squeekin
T. Wilson, Pitman's Pay, pt.
ii.,
like
a half ringed hog."
1827, v. 33.
nivalis,
SNOW BUNTING,
Called also
the snowflake, Plectrophanes
L.
cock-o'-the-north
and
oversea linnet.
SNOWK, SNOAK,
burrowing in search of animal does.
the peculiar sneezing sound made by dogs to sniff, as a dog or other rats, etc.
;
SNUD, SNUDGE, SNOOD,

by maidens.
See SNEUD.
fillet
or ribbon formerly
worn
"Snodde (in old records) a smooth roll or bottom of thread, silk, &c., from the Saxon word Snod, a fillet or hair-lace, us'd by women to smooth up their hair, which in the North Parts of England is now call'd a snude, and in Scotland a snod." New World of Words, 1706.
SO
[W.-T.]
saw.
"
Aw 50
nowse he wis leukin
at."
etc., ed. 1850, p. 10.
SOA,
or
a vessel for carrying water.
See Soo.
SOAK,
water.
which
a small spot of marshy ground in which a spring rises, is kept moist during the winter by the action of
Brockett.
fat
SOAKY,
trace
and
lazy.
SOAM, SOWM, SOOM,

is
a chain or rope trace. The plough The tram in a called a sowm-cheyn (soam-chain). a colliery was formerly hauled along by a soam, a rope trace fathom long, hooked at one end to the tram and spliced round a piece of wood at the other by which a hold for the
hand was obtained,
SOAP,
a fire-brick resembling a bar of soap, measuring nine inches long by two and a half inches square. It is also known as a closer.
668
[W.T.]
salt. , " Crowdie an" milk, or taters an' soat." T. Bewick, The Howdy,
'
SOAT
etc., ed. 1850, p.
n.
SOB,
to
lull,
to
grow
" calmer, as
The wind has
sobbed."
SOBBLE,
to belabour, to thrash in a stand-up fight. blows," heavy blows with the fist.
" Aw'll sobble thy body."
J. Selkirk, d. 1843,
" Sobblin
Bob Cranky's
'Size
Sunday.
Bell's
Rhymes, 1812, p. 26.
SOCK,
a ploughshare that is, the front, pointed, and cutting " part of a plough immediately behind and below the cooler" " sheth." It fits on to the plough In shape it (coulter). resembles one half of a socket arrow-head the feather (called the sock-feather) being on the right or cutting side. The angle of the socket on the same side is called the " little heen." Sock-mould, the rough forging from which the sock of a plough is shaped and finished on the anvil. The sock-mould is made by a forgeman under a forge hammer. The sock is completed by the blacksmith.
;
SOCKIE,
or a
a sloven.
Northumberland.
;
Hdliwell.
SOD, SODDS,
a rough saddle originally a sod of heather, sod or piece of turf merely thence applied to an extemporized saddle of cloth or skin stuffed with straw.
;
Compare PAD. " He was allowed

pillion or sodds."
W.
to get her safely
mounted behind him on a well girt Brockie, Legends and Superstitions, 1886, p. 39.
'
SOD,
a sot, a clumsy fellow.
He's a greet
sod.'
SODDY,
battered and mauled.

" His body was soddy, and sore he was bruised, The bark of his shins was all standing in peaks."
Sawney
Ogilby's Duel.
Northumberland Garland, p. 208.
SODGER
beetles
When one of these picked up and thrown high in the air, whilst the following couplet is repeated " Reed, reed scdger, fly away, and make the morn a sunny day."
[N.],
the scarlet ladybird.

it
is
found in spring time
is
SODS,
SOE,
soap suds.
a water bucket.
See Soo.
669
foggy
SOFT, SOFTISH,
Here's a the week."
is
11
soft. day."
applied to damp or " We've hed nobbut
weather.
softish
Applied also to a simpleton. " Eh man, ye are weakly and is easily tired.
full
weather aall Soft dud, one who

a soft
dud"
SOGGIE,
SOIL,
Yarrell.
of flesh
Northumberland.
HalUu-tlL
the fry of the colesay or coal-fish, Mcrlangus carbcnamts,
See HALLAN and POODLER,

the
SOLDIERS' FEATHERS,
meadow
cat's
tail
grass,
Phleiim pratense, L. Also called Botany of Eastern Borders, p. 211.
Timothy grass.
Johnston,
SOLE,
sill
the bottom framing of a waggon, that part to which the bearances for the wheels are attached, and into which the "sheths" are inserted. The threshold. " Window-so/^," the
of a window. Sole is applied generally to any floor-like The field has a good sole when it is even or level. surface. The sole-cloot in a plough, the flanged piece of iron fixed on the bottom of its near or left side. Compare REEST-CLOOT.
SOLIDS,
moss,
in mining, the solid rock as distinguished
from
soil,
drifts, etc.
"
The borehole never reached
the solids"
SOLITARY SNIPE,
Called also the double
the great snipe, Gallinago major, Gmelin.

snipe.
SO-LONG
the present
a parting salutation, equivalent to " Good-bye for "

!
SOLVAGEE, SOLVAGEE-STRAP,
a sling made of rope yarns bound round with "serving." It is used for lifting fine building stone, etc., its softness preventing abrasure of the surface which it surrounds.
SOME,
somewhat. "She's some better thi day." Some is also " and "twosome" for four, used in " fowersomc," " threesome and two people or things in company. three,
a
SOMMERING, SUMMERING,
uplands.
summer pasture
in the
See SUMMERING.
[N.] (diminutive of sow), a familiar term for a fet, sunny?" a familiar salutation.
SONNY, SUNNY
fellow.
"Well, Jack, what
670
lucky, good looking, jolly, pleasant. " Better be Newcastle proverb. sonsy than soon up." " Aw cannot help remarkin here, How verra different things are now ; want that sonsy hearty cheer, That we on sic occasions knew." T. Wilson, Pitman's Pay, pt.
SONSY,
We
iii.,
1829, v. 86.
SOO, SOE, SOA, SEA,

"
So, soa, a tub with
a water bucket.
to carry
two ears
(Obs.) on a stang." Ray.

carry water withal xi d."
" Paid for

Mariner's
ij shols (shovels) and a Company Accounts, 1540.
soo for to
SOOK,
joke.
a take
"
in,
What
a betrayal.
Usually applied to a practical
asook!"
SOOKER, a
is
;
It sapling or shoot from the remains of a cut tree. " rutdistinguished from a young tree, the latter being " as a " rut-grown esh," oak, etc. grown
SOOKIES
[N.] certain kinds of clover. White sookies, the white . Wild sookies, the Trifolium medium, L . clover, Trifolium vepens, Called also cow grass. The flowers are also called sticklers, and
,
are sucked by children for their sweet taste
hence the name.
SOOKIN-TURKEY
peevish person.
[N.]
a term of contempt for a childish,
SOOM,
SOOM,
the air-bladder of a
a trace rope.
fish.
See SOAM.
SOOM, SOUM,
11
to swim.
dives like a duck."
Collier's Farewell.
Aw sooms an' aw
Bards of
the Tyne, 1849, p. 457.
SOOPLE, SOUPLE, SWIPPLE,

a
flail.
the loose, swinging
arm
of
SOOPLEJACK, SpUPLEJACK, In the

"
buck
"
game
or
of trippet
and quoit a
a supple switch or cane. sooplejack was spliced to a
wooden head.
fish,
SOOTER,
the
whiting-pout, Morrhua
lusca, Yarrell.
SOOTH,
lik,
south.
Soothmast, southermost.
;
like a southern
swarthy.
Bvockett,
under
Soother-like, SootherSoutherlick.
SOOTHER, SOUTHER, solder.

soldering iron.
"Sootherin iron," a plumber's
67!
SOOTY,
hitch.
applied to dull, dusty, soft coal often found near a

Greenwell.
SOOTY-WILLY, SYETY-WULLY, the meadow pipit, Anthus

pratensis,
L.
a
See MOSSCHEEPER.
SORROW,
sorrow, ye."
maw.
Sorrow, a disobedient child. Sorrow-a-bit, not a bit, not a piece.
"Ye
little
SORT,
'ee
a quantity, a rather small number of things. " Hev seen ony lennarts ?" "Aye, thor's a sort flyin." Compare PAIRT.
SOSS,
puddle, anything foul or muddy.

Brockett.
"
The
beer's as thick
as soss."
SOSS, a heavy fall the sound made by the fall of a soft body. " The poor creature fell to the ground with a soss." Soss, " He cam doon soss." plump down.
;
SOSS,
to lap like a dog.
Soss, a call of
dogs to their meat.

"
Brocket*.
SOTTER,
a cluster of pustules or pimples.
A setter o' scabs."
SOTTER,
Hodgson
boilin."
MS.
the noise of the steam bubbles in boiling pottage. " It's sotterin an' Sotter, to gurgle in boiling.
SOUGH, SOUF,
the sound or sigh of wind as heard in passing The phrase, " Keeping a calm through trees or a crevice. careful of what you say. sough," means being " " Hear ye the sough o' the wind, gude man ?
Ballad, The Ill-matched Pair.
SOUGH, SOUGHEAD,
See SEUGH.
11
an adit
level for draining a
coalmine.
soughs, surfs, &c."
Horizontal tunnels which were variously termed adits, watergates, Galloway, History of Coal Mining, 1882, p. 25.
SOUR-CAKE,
it
a cake made of rye, which was leavened until gained a considerable degree of acidity, and made up about an inch and a half or two inches thick, and baked on a girdle.
the small dock, Rumex
acetosa,
SOUR-DOCKEN,
chewed
L.
Often
for its pleasant acid taste.
SOUR-MILK,
buttermilk.
672
the ear; properly that of a pig. Hence of pig's ears, etc., fried. Brochtt.
,
SOUSE,
souse,
a dish
composed
SOW
[N.]
a long stack.
" A bean sow" a stack of beans thus
shaped.
SOW- AN '-PIGS,
a mason's hammer with five or six points let into the end, used in flat dressing the face of a stone. Where one chisel point only is let into each end the hammer is called a "bitch and pups," and in this form it is used for what is technically called "scabbling" the surface.
SOWANS, SOWENS,
a dish made from the seeds or inner husks of oats, which are soaked in water till they begin to The water is then strained off and they are turn sour. This process is repeated a steeped again in fresh water. third time, and then the sowens are boiled and ready to eat. Fish liquor with a little salt is often used in preparing this It is common in Scotland, Northumberland, and North dish. Cumberland. In some parts it goes by the name of chimins
and
is
differently prepared.
SOWIE-SOWIE,
SOW-KILN,
the call to sheep.
an ancient limekiln, formed by scooping out a circular hollow on a hill side with one side of the circle open To retard combustion, sods were laid to the fall of the hill. No masonry or over the charges of limestone and fuel. building was used in this primitive kiln, which was also called a bole. Compare BOLE-HILLS.
a chain used in horse harness.
SOWM-CHEYN,
chain.
plough
See SOAM.
SOWNEY,
wet, damp, raw. "Sowmcy, oppressively close and damp."
Nicholson, Folk Speech of
East Yorkshire, 1889.
SOWS-BRANKS, SWINE-BRANKS,
passage through a hedge gap.
an arrangement of sticks strapped across the necks of swine to prevent their

unworthily procured.
oleraceus,
SOW-SILLER, money
SOW-THRISTLE,
SPAAD,
the sow thistle, Sonchus
L.
to stretch, or spread, or splay out. Applied to the chevrons of a roof in which the tie-beam is set too high to counteract the outward thrust. " Aa doot she'll spaad" See SPALDER.
673
SPADES,
P- 173-
shape of the
.
the Polygonum convolvulus, L. Called spades from the leaf. Johnston, Botany of the Eastern Borders,
.
SPADGER, SPAG, SPRUG, SPUG,

house sparrow, Passer
various names for the
domesticus, Brisson.
SPAE,
,.
to interpret, to foretell. tell ye a lot o' nonsense ta begin wi', an" spae yer fortune by yer ban!." James Armstrong, Crossing the Cheviots, 1879.
" She'll
SPAIL
SPAIT,
[N.]
a chip, a splinter of wood.

(pron.
'speyet)
See SPYEL.
[T.]
,
SPATE
"
[S.]
SPYET
1
a flood, a
sudden fresh on the

Tears in
river.
See SPEAT.
frae her e'e."
spa-its fa' fast
Ballad, Jock o the Syde.
SPAK-UP,
.
replied.
"A man
'
spak-up."
Aa
spak for ye
"
interceded for you.
SPALDER,
do that are not " See SPAAD.
to spread abroad loosely. " tied at the bottom.
To
splay out, as beams Spaldert, thrust apart.
SPAN,
" a newly-weaned, and thus an ill-tempered child. nivver saa sic a span as that bairn is." Compare SPEAN.
Aa
SPANCEL,
SPANE,
to
a fetter, especially a rope to tie a cow's hinder
legs.Brockett.
wean.
See SPEAN.
;
SPANG, a bounding leap to " He garred it spang alang." " He a three 'eer aad." gans
about.
He spanged ower the yett like " goes bounding spangin aboot
bound, to leap with a spring.

"
SPANG-AND-PURLEY-Q,
a mode resorted to by boys of measuring distances, particularly at the game of marbles. It means a space and something more. Brockett.
SPANGHEW,
To to strike with violence, to beat severely. toads, etc., is to set them on a flat stick, balanced spanghew across a fulcrum, and to strike the end so as to jerk the victim high into the air. cruel boys' trick. "'Then aw spang-hew'd him weel, the gobby young cull, But he danced like an imp full o' glee."
E. Corvan, d. 1865,
Astrilly's
Goold Fields.
674
spots of white spar found
SPANGLES,
rocks.
embedded
in stratified
See SPARKLE.
SPANG-NEW,
brand new.
Compare SPLEET-NEW.
SPANISH-JUICE,
liquorice sticks.
SPANKER-EEL,
the sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus, Yarrell. Called also tamper and ramper-eel.
ill-natured,
SPAN NY,
bairn."
"
spiteful.
poor spanny sort
o'
See SPAN.
SPAR, any
is
thus,
when
rock substance with a crystalline appearance. Coal it occurs in bright particles, called "coal spar."
;
SPAR, a " Them

SPAR,
contention applied to a wrangling argument. twee nivver meets but thor's a spar atwixt them." Spar, to argue, to dispute. Compare SPURN.
a rafter.
In old houses these are often unsquared poles
merely.
SPAR, SPARE, SPEAR,

purpose.
" to bar or fasten a door. Spare the The term yett," "Spare the door*," are still in common use. originates in the heavy oaken beam, bar, or spar used for the
SPARBILL,
of boots
a small, square, headless nail, used in the soles Sparrow-bills, the large kind of similar nails, used for heels of boots, are known as bills simply.
and shoes.
SPARE,
by
in mining, a wooden wedge, six to eight inches long six inches broad, and from one inch thick tapering on one side to the end. Used in cribbing or tubbing, and driven in between a " baff-end" and the crib or tubbing plates.
SPARK,
a small spot of mud.
" Thor's sparks aall ower yor

"
claes." Spark, to spatter with spots. sparkt us."
The coach gan
past
SPARKLES,
"
p. 79.
stratified rocks.
small specks of spar or glittering material in Also called spangles.

sparkles of coal at top."
Black stone with
SPARLIE,
peevish.
Halliwell.
Compare SPANNY.
SPARLIN,
the smelt, Osmerus eperlanus, so-called in Newcastle,
675
SPARROW-DRIFT,
SPART, SPRET,
aboot."
very fine or dust shot.
the rush.
"The
grun's varry sparty here
"Spret, spretty-grasses, a general term for the succulent products of the or bog land, but chiefly for the different rushes (juncus) which are cut for bog hay." Sir W. Elliot, Hist, of Bivks. Nat. Club, vol. viii.,
meadow
P- 453. * " There is not
much danger
of lairing
where
sprats
grow abundantly."
Johnston, Botany of Eastern Borders, p. 199.
SPARTLE,
flat
a wooden spatula about the size and shape of the hand, used by thatchers for raising up old thatch in order to insert fresh wisps in repairing the roof.
turf used in bedding stone. A "stone and spetchel" dike is one made of stones laid in horizontal rows with a bed of thin turf between each of them. Hodgson MS.
SPATCHEL, SPETCHEL,
SPATE, SPEAT,
of rain.
a sudden flood See SPEAT. a plough spade.
in a river.
heavy shower
SPATTLE,
See PADDLE.
(Obs.)
SPAUGHT,
"
Sir, here's
a fellow almost at his growth. a spaught that came fra Taunton."
SPAULD,
"
a limb.
killed a ewe last night, an' dye, she was a rook ! she ran out of the house after feyther had the spaulds cut off her." Richardson, Table Book, Legendary Div., vol. i., 1842, p. 107.
We
SPAULINS,
the smaller pieces
filling in
the core of a dry wall.
SPEACE,
SPEAL,
milk.
"
the curlew.
[Holy Island.]
See WHAUP.
a chip of wood.
See SPYEL.
SPEAN, SPYEN, SPANE, "

The
of its grain is exhausted, and it is obliged to collected by its own roots." Brockett.
to wean, to deprive of the mother's bairn was spean'd last week." Speaned, weaned. Young corn is said to be speaned when the saccharine, milky juice
depend on the nutriment
SPEAR,
made
a spar, a wooden bar in mining, a pumping rod, Memel or pitch pine, etc. " Wet-spears " are those which, working within a column of pumps, are constantly " immersed in water. " Dry-spears are those which pass down
;
of
676
" bucket-sword."
to the top of each set. Greetiwell. Spear-plates, flat plates of iron used for joining the ends of two spears together. The spear is connected with the bucket by an iron rod called the
Compare SPARE.
"
It
SPEAT, SPEET, SPAIT, SPATE,

flood a heavy torrent of rain. rain just efter we left."
;
a sudden freshet or river com on a reg'lar speat o
"The word speet, meaning a spout, or torrent, or, as they say, a great downpour of rain, is an old Northumberland expression, which Turner,
after long absence from the county, had not forgotten for he mentions a kind of cress which grew in such places as great heapes of stones are casten together wyth the myght of a great spat or floode,' in the river Wansbeck." Herbal, second part, "Collen," 1562 (for 1568), fo. 35.
; '
p. 460, col.
ii.)
pt.
ii.,
vol.
i.,
p. 112, n.
(See also pt.
ii.,
vol.
ii.,
SPECKLED-DIVER,
Colynibus sepientrionalis,
lion.
L.
the young of the red-throated diver, The adult 'bird is called the loon or
SPEEL, SPEAL, to climb, to mount, " He speeled the tree like a cat."
"
to
move with
speels
;
agility.
Ower his arm hung a basket thus onward he And enter 'd Newcassel wi' Cap at his heels."
W.
Midford, Cappy, 1818.

rufa, Brisson.
SPEETHE,
ye cam."
the
common
godwit, Limosa
"
SPEIR, SPEER,
to ask, to inquire.
He
speered
aboot
it
afore
"Ye speer the gate Discourse, 1686, p. 14.
ye kenn right-weel."
G.
Stuart,
Joco-Serious
SPEKNEL,
an aromatic plant, Mettm athamanticum, Jacq. Called also houka. In Baker's Flora, 1868, it is said to have been then recently gathered near Thockrington.
" I neuer sawe thys herbe in Englande sauynge once at Saynte Oswaeldes [near Hexham] where as the inhabiters called it fpeknel" Turner, Herbal, 1548. " I saw it also growyng in Newcastel in a gardin in greate plenty, where as I learned that it was called spicnel." The same, edition of 1551
,
P-57-
SPELK,
" Aw've a small splinter. getten a sfelk i' my hand." like lath and similar words, to describe a very thin Applied, " Nobbut a bit " He's shrunk tiv person. spelk ov a chep." a spelk" See SPILE and SPYEL.
"
Spelk, in
Northumberland, a
Kennett MS., quoted
Ha lliwell.
sfelck is
any swath, or
roller, or
band."
677
SPENCE,
an inner apartment, a country parlour. Brocket*. In a house of two apartments, the outer or "but" end was the kitchen or general living room; and the "ben" end was the spence.
a corner. In a keel it is applied to a corner of the sheet or sail also to a corner in the huddock or cabin.
;
SPENCER,
SPENDERLY,
body."
spindly, slim, slender.
" He's a
little spenderly
SPETCHEL.
SPICE,
any
food.
See SPATCHEL.
or the admixture of currants with currant cake. Spice-dumplin, currant Spice-kail, broth with currants in it. Spice-loaf,
gingerbread,
Spice-cake,
dumpling. rich, Christmas loaf. Spice-nuts, gingerbread nuts. Spice-wig, a tea-cake with currants. Spicy-flzzer, a cake almost black with currants, baked upon a girdle.
Spiced, wigs prevail on Sunday, and the singing hinney makes its appearance on grand occasions." Wilson, Coal Miners of Durham and
"
Northumberland.
Trans. Tyneside Field Club, vol.
vi., p.
206.
"A
good
specye suet
keayk." T. Bewick, The Upgetting, ed. 1850,
p. 13.
SPIDERT, SPYTHER,
a spider.
" It is very unlucky to kill a spider. On the other hand, if a spider happens to get upon your clothes, it is lucky to let it crawl all over you and get away safe. Even to shake it off is a mistake." Brockie, Legends
and Superstitions, 1886,
p. 139.
SPILE,
piles.
To drive foundation a pile-driver. "Thor's a spile run into ma The peg used in ale casks. A spile-wedge is a halffinger." wedge, that is, a wedge tapering on one side only. Compare SPARE, SPAIL, SPYEL, SPELK.
a
wooden
pile, a splinter of wood.
Spile-driver,
SPINK,
"
casual visitor in our district, met with only occasionally, in and winter." Hancock, Birds of Northumberland, p. 52.
the goldfinch or gold spink, Carduelis elegans, Stephens. autumn
SPINKS,
pratensis,
L.
the lady smock or meadow bittercress, Cardamine Called also pinks, bog spinks, and cuckoo flower.
SPINNEY-WYE,
a boys'
;
and seeks concealment

out " Spinney'-wye ."
game in which a "side" goes out the pursuers then start forth, calling
678
SPINNLE, SPINEL;
spinnle,
in spinning terms four hanks make a and twelve cuts are a hank or " slip," and so many threads make a cut. These terms are now unknown save to
old people.
A
to
spinning-wheel
is
a curiosity.
SPINNLE,
SPIRE.
grow spindley,
to shoot
upwards more rapidly
than the strength of stem can support. Spinnelt, overgrown, grown tall and weakly, like a plant for want of light. Compare
SPIRE,
"
to attenuate. A tree or plant which shoots out in length and not proportionately in breadth is said to spire.
To
spire,
to
grow up
to
an ear as corn does."
New World
of Words,
1706.
SPIREY, SPIRY, SPIRIN,

4<
dry and cold^pining, ungenial. wind," a wind that dries the moisture up rapidly. " " The rose tree 's deed. Ye see aa Spiry weather." planted " It's a fine " What it i' spiry weather." spirey day." spirin weather thor's not a bit o' spring on the grass, an' thor's
spiry
nowt grouin."
11
Hodgson
March weather MS.
is
often spyry (that
is)
harsh, angry, and ungenial."
SPIT, a
tool used by drainers, in form like a long and very narrow spade. Hence the depth of a drain cut is described as one spit or two spit deep.
SPIT,
or SPIT AN' IMAGE, likeness. Applied either to a " He's the person or thing. varry spit an image on his fethor." " The twee boxes wis one just the spit an' image o' the tother."
1
SPIT,
to drizzle intermittently.
;
drops or driblets applied to rain or snow when " It's intermittent drops or flakes. spittin on."
Spittin t falling in occasional it falls in
SPIT,
" In the boys' game of " bedstocks a capture is immediately followed by the captor spitting over the head of his prisoner, after which no escape is attempted until the bay is reached.
spittle.
(inter se) of spitting their faith, or as they also here, their saul (soul), when required to make asseverations in a matter of consequence. In combinations of the colliers, &c. in the North, for the purpose of raising their wages, they are said to spit upon a stone have, too, a kind together, by way of cementing their confederacy. of popular saying, when persons are of the same party, or agree in " Brand, Observations on sentiment, They spit upon the same stone.'
"
Boys have a custom

it
'
call
We
'
Popular Antiquities, Newcastle, 1777, p. 101,
n.
SPLAICE, SPLAYS,
the plaice, Platessa vulgaris, Yarrell.
679
SPLAIRGE,
"
to splatter.
Halliwell.
SPLATTER, PLATTER,
Then he jumped on
a splash and splutter.

!
Ne
grunstan wes
to fetch her, my eyes what a splatter, there, for he fund it wes waiter." W. Armstrong, Floatin Grunstan. Allan's Collection, 1891, p. 219.
SPLATTER-FYECED,
FYECED.
platter-faced.
Compare DISH-
SPLAUTCH,
its
to let a soft substance fall heavily, applied to

floor.
impingement with the

[N.]
,
Halliwell.
SPLEET-NEW
SPLET-LINK,
SPLET-RASIN,
brand new.
a split-pin or cotteril.
a niggardly person. Often applied to a small dealer so exact in his transactions as to split a raisin in order to give exact weight.
SPLINT,
a defence for the leg.

,
See SHIN-SPLINTS.
SPLINT, SPLENT
stony coal
coal and
;
[N.] a splinter, a flake of stone. A hard, a bituminous shale, intermediate between cannel
coal.
common
SPLISH-SPLASH,
in a splashing manner. splish-splash like that." Splishy -splashy, wet, with rain. See PLISH-PLASH.
Dinna come on dropping and dank
"
SPLIT,
"
a division of the main ventilating current in a
pit.
Splitting the air," dividing the air in a mine into different portions, each ventilating a separate district.
SPOACH
trifles.
(often
spoken as
sproach), to
"He's elways gan
spoachin
pick up unconsidered aboot." Spoacher, a
poacher.
SPOONE, SPONNE, SPUNE,

(Obs.)
viis. vid.'
probably sarking
for a roof.
Itm. paied for my pt of iiii hundrethe and a half of spoone Itm paied for caryeing the spune in to the churche iid.' Itm. paied for caryeing the spune in to the church and pylling it iid.' For layinge on of the sponne vs.' 'For 120 sponne xiiiis.' Nayles to " Ryton Church Books. lay on the sponne with is.'
"'1606.
'
SPOUT, SPOOT,
a large shoot for shipping coal. loading places are called the staiths or the spouts. x
Coal
680
SPOWEY,
the house sparrow, Passer domesticus. as spadger, spag, spmg, and spug.
to climb, to clamber.
Brocket*.
Known
also
SPRACKLE,
SPRAG,
a short, strong bar of wood. A sprag is used instead of a break in a wheel. It is also the name of a short prop used by pitmen for keeping up the coal during the work of To insert a wedge or chock. To spmg the jud in a kirving. coal mine is to wedge it up securely. To sprag a waggon is to insert a chock through the wheel spokes till it projects and jams against the frame of the waggon, and thus stops the revolution of the wheel.
lively, active, ingenious.
SPRAG,
Brockett.
See SPRUNT.
SPRAT, SPROT,
"Spreats, sprats,
the rush.
See SPART and RISP-GRASS.

is
such long grass as
grown
in
Hodgson MS.
watery places."
SPRAT-BARLEY,
a kind of barley with a flat ear and very long beards, Hordeum vulgare, L. See BATTLE-DOOR and BEAR.
speckled,
spotted.
Spreckley
t
SPRECKLED,
spreckley hen."
spotted.
"
SPREED,
SPREET,
sail of a
to spread.
spreed,
an entertainment,
literally a
spread board.
the boom, a long pole used to spread or stretch the
wherry.
SPRENT,
when
knife.'
'
the eyes into which the bolt of a chest-lock passes Also " the steel spring on the back of a clasplocked.
Halliwell.
SPRENT,
SPRING,
"
to sprinkle, to splash.
" Yo'r sprentin the watter aal
ower the place."

a dance tune.
G. Stuart, Joco-Serious Discourse
t
Take a Spying of thine awn Fiddle."
1686, p. 27.
SPROACH,
to seek or hunt about.

to
See SPOACH.
SPROWL,
tramp down.
the house sparrow.
SPRUG, SPUG,
See SPADGER.
68l
SPRUNT, SPRY,
"
smart, spruce.
;
Thou can get on thee sister's shoun and ony thing else of her claiths and mheyk thee sell leuk varra sprunt wouth them." T. Bewick, The
Upgetting, edition 1850, p. 13.
SPUNK,
" Thor's not a a spark, a match, touchwood. spunk i* " Gi's a the grate." spunk" give me a match. Spunk was specially applied to the thin splint of wood tipped with sulphur, formerly used to obtain a flame from tinder, and till recently sold on market days in Newcastle by street
hawkers.
SPUNK,
thing."
a poor diminutive person. "
" He's a
wee
spunk
o'
SPUNK,
pluck, stamina, energy.
He
hes nee spunk at a'."
SPURGIN-LAUREL, the spurge laurel, Daphne lanreola, L. SPURLIN, SPORLIN [S.] SPURRIN, SPURN [N.],
,
" " Cairt Keep oot o' the spyrrins" cart ruts. spurlin (addressed to a cartman, cautioning him to keep out " of the ruts). keep clear of the old ruts Clip the spurlin" the horse with his feet upon each rut alternately, by driving so that the wheels may close and level the ruts again.
wheel
rut. "
SPURN,
a contention, a fight. (Obs.) " This was the hontynge off the Cheviat That tear began this spurn : Old men that knowen the grounde well yenoughe,
;
Call
it
the Battell of Otterburn.
At Otterburn began
Uppon
monnyn
this spume, day."
Chevy Chase.
SPURT,
"
a short-lived commotion.
bit of spurt
deeth
cam
to
was mhead about them for a whyle after they deed them at last, an' they, leyke other fwoak, were seun
;
forgotten."
T. Bewick, The Upgetting, edition 1850, p. 14.
SPYAIN, SPYEN,
to
wean.
See SPEAN.
SPYEL
" Aa's a chip or splinter of wood. just getten a few spyels for the mornin's fire." Spyels or spails are usually chips from an axe cut. Spyel-basket, a basket made of wooden for carrying food to cattle on a farm. spails, oak preferred,
[S.]
,
SPY-FARLEY,
wonderful tales See FARLEY.
a
;
marvel-monger, one an inquisitive person.
who
sees and retails " He's a spy-farley"
SPY-GLASS, SPYIN-GLASS,
a telescope.
682
[S.],
SQUAAK
"Hunt
else the
SQUACK
no' follow."
[N.],
:
the hare" boys shout
to cry out. In playing "Squack, squeak, or squallow

;
dogs
'11
SQUAB,
a crab apple. The tree, Pyvus mains, L., squab tree or scrab-apple tree.
is
called a
SQUAB, a young nestling crow. SQUAB, SWAB, a soft stuffed
cushion or stool.
apus,
SQUEALER,
screamer
and
the swift, Cypselus black martin. the quinsy.
L.
Called also the
SQUINCHES, SQUINSHER,
SQUINT,
an extinguisher
for a candle.
a peep, a glimpse (not associated with obliquity or " " Let's hev a defect of vision). Tyek a squint." squint at
the papers."
STA, STOW, to surfeit. dumplin till we war staa'd

fair staw."
Start d, surfeited.
on't."
"
We
"
gat hard
" He's a
A'm
fairly start d o' broth."
STA, STAA, STAW, an annoyance,
a nuisance.
STAA, STAW,
Staa-fed, fed
stall.
;
by hand
" Put the powney inti the staa." hence pampered. " He's staa-fed or he
waddent be see saacy."
STAAP, STAUP, to stamp the feet, to walk in an ungainly " What are fashion. ye deein, staapin an' kevellin on there ?" " He staups an' stares aboot." Compare STEBBLE. Staapin, awkward in gait. " What a staapin waaker that lass is."
STACKER,
to stagger.
Stackery, unsteady.
" Stackerin like a
drucken man." " Up
stackend Larty for a blow." J. P. Robson, Hamlick, Prince
o'
Denton.
STACK-TOPPIN,
the ornamental terminal of plaited straw which surmounts a corn stack.

the ends of the ropes of a fishing net.
to depasture.
STAFF-ENDS,
STAFF-HERD,
"
It is
if it shall happen the cattel or sheep of the one to be staff-herded, or to remain depasturing upon the ground of the etc. opposite Realm," Treaty dated 1563. Leges Marchianim, 1705, p. 138.
agreed, That
Realm
683
STAG, STAIG,
staig.
the young of a male animal. Applied to a year's old stallion, to a young unbroken horse, to a young righting cock, and to a gander. gelded bull is also called a
See STEG.
a stack garth or stack yard.
"
STAGARTH,
O
th
1
way
fra
our hoose te Roaffi's staggarth deyke." T. Bewick, The Howdy, etc., ed. 1850,
p. 10.
STAGING,
Halliwell.
standing
quite
upright.
Northumberland.
STAGNATIT,
11
dumbfounded.
'
Stagnate, to astonish. " Kame
I'll
stagnate her wi'
my
"
story.'
Brockett.
Wully stood stagnatit."

J.
Armstrong, Tarsetearian Fox, 1879.
STAIG-WIDDY,
laid aside
man whose
wife has
become invalided
or
from any cause.
STAIRS,
A. OF, a staircase with two landings. pairs of stairs is often spoken of, however, when only a straight flight of steps is meant. Compare the expressions, "pair of drawers" for a chest of drawers ; "pair of cards,'' a pack of
PAIR
cards; "pair of bellows'" for a "pair of organs" for an organ.

"
bellows; and the old form,

Brockett.
Stair-heed, the landing of a staircase."
STAITH
(pronounced steeth), an elevated platform at the waterside from which coals are shipped by a spout or drop. Also called a dyke. Staithman, Steethman, the man who overlooks the shipping of coals sometimes called the He takes account of all coal shipped and of the offputter. arrangements necessary for the despatch and arrival of the trains of coal waggons at the staith.
;
STAKE.
STALE,
a
See STYEK and following words.
march
'
in order of battle.
stale
(Obs.)
Dungyon a myle from My brother Sir Cristofer wt two thousand horseman and Jedworth.' three hundred futeman with bowes for savegard of the host in strayts come in a stale to Dykerawa.'" Thomas Dacre to Henry VIII., 1513. Hodgson, Northumberland, pt. ii., vol. i., p. 160, n.
to
"'I come wt a
a place called the
STALL, to
"
choke
Northumberland.
fill
Wright's Gloss.
Brockett.
See STA.
Staul, Stall, to
to a loathing, to surfeit."
STAMP,
in a
a hole
made with
a pick for the insertion of a
wedge
bed of coal or stone.
684
a stanchion.
STANCHEL, STAINCHEL,
An
iron
window
bar, hinge hook, or iron let into stone. " Paide for 4 iron stanchels, with hookes on them
for the hinging of the semynaries 4 quarters of 4 yattes, 33. 2d." Newcastle Municipal Accounts, August, 1592. " Paide for fier and coles for melting the lead to set the iron stanchels M The same. of the yate fast, 8d. for the
" Pd. for a band for the Ankeresh dore and a stanshatt 1643. windowe and sodering and nayles, 2S." Gateshead Church Books.
STAND, STAN,
"
1
to cost, to run or reckon
up
to.
in six or seven
These ten horses must at least in these parts stand you pounds a piece.' J. C., Compleat Collier, 1708, p. 33.
STANDAGE,
STANDEE,
"
a reservoir or space for water to accumulate in a pit during the suspension of a pumping engine from work.
the former
name
for a pillar or
support of coal.
shall so work the mines as he leave standers for the upholding of the grounds thereof." Award 2ist October, 1605. Wei ford, History of Newcastle, vol. iii., p. 170.
He
STANDING
stannin.
in the following words is always pronounced a Standing -Bobby, Standing-shot, or Blown-out-shot blasting charge of gunpowder which has exploded in its place but has only resulted in blowing out the stemming of the charge instead of blasting the coal or stone. See also FASTSHOT. Standing-corf, the first corf a hewer produces. StandingStanding -gauge, a lath fire, ignition of the solid coal in a pit. or piece of wood cut to a certain size to work to. Standingas much as a man can lift straight up from the ground. lift, Standing-lowe, a* candle left in a position in a pit so as to be beyond the reach of accident. Standing-pie heel or Stannin-pie It is esteemed a heel, the bottom crust of a standing pie. delicacy from being saturated with the gravy. Standing-set, in mining, the fixed, as distinguished from the adjustable, or In sinking with pumps when the sinking, set of pumps. sinking-set has become of sufficient length, the top standing-set is placed in a cistern and pumps to bank the water delivered into it by the sinking-set continued downwards with the Greenwell. sinking. Standing-set bunion, the beam on which rests the cistern above-mentioned. Standing-stone, an unhewn monolith set up in pre-historic times. Many of these occur in Northumberland. "Standing Stone" is the name of a house near Matfen, so-called from a neighbouring monolith.
,
STANDISHER, STANDART, "

standishers
one of standing.
The ''Old
old inhabitants.
685
STANG, STING,
rai],
a pole, a post, a piece of timber, a shaft, a the side piece of a ladder, a stump. " Cairt stangs," the beam and "limmers" or shafts of a cart. "Gap stang," a loose rail laid across a gap in a hedge, serving the office of a The pole of the old "drees" used in Northumberland gate. was called a stang. " The stang of a tyuth " the stump of a
tooth.
church,
See KIDING-THE-STANG.
loth,
1668.
"Feb.
but
giving
Company of Newcastle.
John Bolam for not carrying Clem. Browne to the stang to another fined 135. 46." Smiths' Brand, vol. ii., 1789, p. 319, n.
,
STANG, STANK
[W.-T.] a sting. "The stang o' a bee." Also a sharp shooting pain, especially the sudden spasm of pain felt in toothache. Stang, to sting, to prick. Stang, stob, and steek are all used for the action implied by thrusting in a pointed instrument. Compare STANGY, a tailor STOB-MAT, and STEEK, 2.
;
STANGER, STANG-FISH,
vipera, Cuvier. " The fishermen consider the
this little fish dangerous,
the
lesser
weever, Trachinus
wound inflicted by the dorsal spines of and bathers are often injured in the foot by
treading on the raised spine of the fish lying buried in the sand." Howse, Nat. Hist. Trans., vol. x., 1890, p. 347.
STANGIN-ETHER,
STANGY,
the dragon
fly.
See FLEEIN-ETHER.
a tailor. Formerly a common term in Newcastle, where the shoemakers and tailors, congregated within the Castle Garth, were always called " snobs and stangies."
"
Noo run away amang the snobs And stangies the Garth, man."
1
R. Emery, The Owl, 1826.
STANK,
an embankment lor damming back water. Stank, to " Hawden build a weir or dam. " To stank the water course." a place of meeting on the Borders in former times. Stank," " The " Stank Well," a place-name near Harlow Hill. S tanks," a pool behind the walls at Berwick. " Stank Tower,"
Newcastle.
" Theyr was a great stank cast of other syd Sir Christopher Ridley, letter A.D. 1572, quot vol. iii., pt. ii., p. 273. "
(of the Roman Wall) Hodgson, Northumberland,
"The
p. 309, n.
stank or
wear of their water mill."
The same,
vol.
ii.,
pt.
ii.,
STANK,
(Obs.)
to
sigh,
to
moan,
to
gasp
for breath.
Brockett.
6&6
KORTHUMBERLANb WORDS.
STANNERS,
Tyne
margins of river beds covered by flood deposits " The S tanners " occur on the west side of stones and gravel. of the Coquet at Warkworth and on the south side of the
at Corbridge.
" Stannersground on the Wansbeck. " burn," a hamlet in North Tynedale. Stannerton," the local name for the village of Stamfordham.
"High" and
"
Low
Stanners" are two
parcels of unenclosed
STAP,
a cask stave. " A'll a stap oot o' yor bicker" " tyeak lessen your allowance. Bicker," a wooden crowdy bowl, " " He's the originally built up of staps. gyean a' te staps ultimate condition of a drunkard or a spendthrift that is, he has gone all to pieces like a broken barrel.
;
STAP.
See STOP,
i.
STAPLE, STAPPLE, STAPEL,

an underground
pit or
a well, a small pit-shaft, a shaft within a pit, sunk from one seam to another. A " blind pit " or staple is often thus sunk within a mine itself to connect two seams, or for exploratory " Counter-balance purposes where a slip-dike is encountered. a small pit sunk from the surface for a balance weight staple" to work in. A "jack-head staple" is sunk for the jack-head or high set of pumps to work in when the pumping engine has a back beam. " With sinking staples and driving drifts,
You're often put to
all
your shifts."
Trade, 1818.
John Adley, song, The Coal
STAR,
the pupil of the eye.
"A
star in the eye,"
a cataract.
STARE, STARN, a star. STAR-GRASS, the woodruff,

by housewives,
dried,
Aspemla
odorata,
L.
and
laid in linen chests for its
Gathered sweet
stiffen.
scenting properties.
STARKEN,
Starch
it
till
is
to become stiff in consistency, to cause to mixed till it starkens. To starken an egg is

Starkent,
to boil
a term used by shepherds for young lambs that are becoming strong enough " Th'or to skip about. gettin starkent a bit, an' beginnin ti See STORKENED. play."
it
stiffens.
strengthened
STARKIN,
STARN, "a
quick
as,
" He's going at a starkin pace."
" He cannot see particle, a very little quantity. a starn cannot see even a little (said of a person who sees badly or not at all). "Not a starn" not a little bit.
Compare STIME.
687
too
STARRISH,
START,
powerful as medicine that strength of the patient. Brockett.

;
is
much
for the
the lever or beam to which the horse is yoked in a " Double start gin," one threshing machine or a colliery gin. " with two yokes or levers. Single start gin," one with a When the beam is overhead the yokes which single pole. depend are called starts. When the horse is yoked in front (not under), then the beam itself is called the start. Compare
STEEL,
i.
STARTIN-MONEY, money "

STATION,
been fixed.
lantern,
paid to a hewer when called upon to put," conditional upon putting at least a score of tubs of coals. Nicholson, Glossary of Coal Trade Terms, 1888.
in a colliery, a place
where a caution board has
is allowed to take a candle, tobacco pipe, or material or apparatus The term is also applied to the place for obtaining a light. where tubs are taken by the horses from the barrowman or
Beyond
it
no person
naked
light,
putter.
Compare FLAT and CRANE.

the stave of a cask.
to
STAUP,
STAUP,
See STAP.
See STAAP.
over the
walk awkwardly.
STAVIES, STOVIES, potatoes cooked in a "yetlin" " fire. Hey lass, is the stavies no ready yit ?" See
!
STOVE.
STAW.
See STA.
,
STAY
[N.]
steep.
Compare STEE.
Proverb.
" Set a stoot heart tiv a stay brae."
STEAD,
a place.
See STEED.
See STEEL,
i.
STEADLE,
begun and
or the part the barn.
a hay-fork.
STEADLE, STEIDEL, STYEDDLE,

left
left
a portion of a stack unfinished on account of wet or other causes standing after a portion has been carried into
;
" StadMe, the bottom of a corn or haystack, a mark left in the grass by the long continuance of the hay in bad weather." Bvockett,
STEAHYN
English."
[W.-T.]
a stone. boys'
See STONE.
STEALY-CLAES,
game
similar
to
" Scotch
and
688
a
stir,
STEAR,
word.
a confused bustle.
clerk
Steary,
probably a related
a great bustle and stear." The Midford Galloway's Ramble. Northumberland Garland, 1793, " She laid on whisky -whasky, and held like a steary." Sawney Ogilby's Duel.
"
The
made
pt.
ii.
Northumberland Garland, p. 208.
STEAVE, STEEVE, "

strong,
stiff.
firm, stout. Tell muthor te

i.
"
steeve
fellow."
Steavin,
myek
us a good
steavin fat
crowdy."
Compare STIVE,
to
STEBBLE, STEVEL,
uncertain step or in an
awkward
stagger, to go about with fashion. See STEVEL.
an
STECH,
to
fill
"
May
to repletion. Compare STIVE, 2. ye ne'er want flesh an' kail To stech your wame." Donaldson, Poems, 1809,
p. 127.
STEE,
a ladder used as a stair- in farm houses. The servants' attic rooms in old houses are usually reached by a stee from the kitchen. " The means of communication is by a short ladder or stee, as it is styled in those parts (Tindale), usually occupying a prominent position
in the
p. 252.
midst of the
floor."
Richardson, Table Book, Leg. Div.,
vol.
ii.,
STEED, STEDE, STEAD, STID, "

Dunston
Steads."
place, a dwelling place. place-names, is synonymous Thus Newstcad, near Bamburgh, occurs as with biggin. " Novum Locum qui dicitur Newbigginge" in a charter dated
Stead,
in
A.D. 1230.
Nostell Cartulary, folio
121 b (Batesori).
;
Fortystead in
three place-names occur in
Northumberland with
combination. the same as Steedin, Steading, a building steed, but generally applied to a group of farm or other Steed is in constant use in such buildings, or to a hamlet. expressions as "door -steed," doorway "fire-steed," a fireplace "farm-steed" or " ste^-hoose," a farm place (or building);
;
s',"
" middenon-steed," a place built on (to a main building) the place for a midden or ash-pit; " heap-steed," the " "steed (or stead) horse is place where a pit heap stands.
;
"
a horse employed upon a pit
'*
'
heap-steed.
STEEK, STICK,
"Aug.
30,
a strike or labour dispute.
1768, mention occurs of what is called a stick in the language of tlie coal trade, that is, a combination among the keelmen of Newcastle." Brand, History of Newcastle, vol. ii., 1789, p. 309, n. " The pitmen about to make a stick for higher wages," 1825.
Mackenzie, History of Northumberland, vol. i., p. 209. " Strike, a more general cessation from labour than implied by Greenwell, Glossary, 1849.
stick."
689
STEEK, STEAK, " STREEK, STIK, a He let down the steeks loop in knitting.
undid the loops on the needles. " To keep steeks," to be able to compete; a comparison taken from tailors sewing together. " To stick a Steek, Stick, to stab, to prick, to stick or push in.
"Wight-Wallace could hardly have with her kept steaks"
T. Whittel, Sawney Ogilby's Duel. Northumberland Garland, 1793, p. 208.
"
stitch in sewing, a " in the stockings
pig," to cut its throat.
A steek in time saves nine." Proverb. " Ahint their lugs, the Custom's sparks Ye see ne langer steekin
Their
idle pens."
T. Wilson, Captains and
the Quayside.
STEEK,
" Steek the heck "
" Steek the to shut, to fasten. yet" shut the gate. fasten the door. Compare SPARE.
" Steek the stable door
when
the steed's stowen."
Newcastle proverb.
STEEKER,
a staff with an iron prong at the end, used for
lifting turnips, etc.
See JAGGER.
,
STEEK-HAUD
on to
fight.
[N.]
take hold.
Used
to a
dog
in
egging
it
STEEKIN
using a
O' rock fissure.
CLAY,
From this
a thin strake or infiltration of clay in a a candlestick is often improvised by
soft piece of clay.
STEEL,
The
" start
tiller "
;
the handle of a rake; a common term in Allendale. or handle of a rudder was formerly called a steel or and steel was formerly applied to the body of an
arrow or shaft made of wood.
STEEL,
a steel-yard or weighing lever. " Never weigh honour on the steel."

Seton's Sons.
Minstrelsy of the English Border, p. 22.
STEEL,
the name applied to several rocks on the sea coast of Northumberland, as the "North" and "South Steel" at It also occurs in many inland placeCoquet Island, etc. names, as "Steel" or "The Steel" in Hexhamshire, at the extremity of the long point or tongue of land formed by the junction of the Rowley Burn with the Devil's Water.
"
Steel, in
where the ground declines on each
Liddesdale, the lower part of a ridge projecting from a side." Jamieson.
hill,
690
STEEL MILL, a
disc of steel revolved by a set of multiplying gear turned by a handle. See quotation. " As the fire-damp would have instantly ignited at candles, they lighted their way by steel mills, small machines which give light by
turning a plain thin cylinder of steel."
The Felling Explosion, 1812, Hodgson. " Mr. Spedding, about the year 1760, devised the steel mill'' Taylor,
Archeology of the Coal Trade, p. 203.
STEEPIN,
thing.
very wet
applied to a rain which
steeps
every-
Brockett.
STEEPLE,
down
the
to raise
up the
fore part of the
plough by pressing
''
stilts.
STEER,
"
" a young ox. Compare STIRK and STOT. A was an unbroken ox a steer one broken to the yoke.
;
stot
At
n.
three,
the
name
he is called a three-year-old steer and at four he first takes of ox or bullock." George Culley, Live Stock, 1801, p. 17,
;
and
STEER,
strong.
"
"
The parson hes
a varry
1
'
steer
voice."
p. 39.
knicht full stell was he and steer. Halidon Hill. Minstrelsy of English Border,
STEETH.
STEEVE.
STEG, "
steg
See STAITH.
See STEAVE.
a gander.
The month
month."
"A
fond steg"
of incubation is called the applied to a stupid fellow.
Compare STAG.
"The Elsdon
folks, like diein stegs,
;
an' curlew eggs Ye'll get for supper there." Geo. Chatt, 1866, At Elsdon, p. 53.
And hather broth
At ivvery stranger stare
STELL, STILL,
" The members proceeded to

vi., p.
the water channel running through a marsh. Morden Carrs, where some rare plants
in the stells."
and mollusks were obtained

Nat. Field Club, vol.
24.
Greenwell, Trans. Tyneside
STELL,
an enclosure for cattle generally a circular wall with " A caud stell." a narrow opening at one side. "Justweeor the gimmers doon intil the stell."
;
STELL,
the deeper part of a river where net fishing for salmon can be carried on. There are several stells on the river
as
Abstell,
Tweed,
Sandstell,
Ellstell,
Cutwaters^//,
and
6gi
Hallows^// (the last referred to in a writ of Bishop Flambard The abbot and between 1099 and 1128 as Haliwareste//*). convent of Dunfermline in 1480 claimed the fishing place called the Aldstelle on the Tweed given to them by David I. " S&//-net," a Tweedside fishing net.
" Our stake nets,' which are present modes of fishing (excluding only of very recent origin) are by stell nets, wear, shot, and ring or bob The wear shot net is rowed by means of a boat into the river in a nets. circular form, and is immediately drawn to the shore. The stell is a net of a similar shape, and is likewise rowed into the river, but in a semicircular shape." Weddell, Anhaologia JEliana, vol. iv., qto., p. 302.
'
STELL,
hard visaged, grim.
See quotation under STEER, See STELL, See TURN.

2.
2.
STELLIN, STELLING,
a cattle fold.
STEM, STEM,
to put a vessel
on loading turn.
the
drill
to after the
hole with clay or soft shale also to dam a stream of water. Stemmer, a brass or yellow-metal rod for ramming down the clay, etc., in a blast hole. It is used along with a pricker. Stemming, the stuff beaten down upon a charge of powder in a blast hole. Stemming -gear, the set of tools used for the purpose.
tamp
or
fill
powder has been put
in for blasting
STEM MEN,
stamina.)
strength, pith, soundness of constitution.
(Qy.
STEND,
a stick used by butchers to keep the breast of a carcase open.

Brocket*. to stride, to walk with long strides. away," to step out, to walk away quickly.
STEND,
stend
"
To
STENG.
See STANG.
the rush of
Halliwell.
STENKRITH,
water in a narrow
channel
Northumberland.
STENT, STINT,
an allowance of pasturage limited to the Also a piece of work grazing of three sheep or one horse. The freemen of to be accomplished within a given time. Newcastle are the stint holders of the Town Moor and Castle Leazes. A stent for cows formerly formed part of the hind's Shepherds and hinds were principally paid in wages. "kind." Men who could afford it were allowed to have two cows kept (with the usual allowance of corn) with pasturage in summer and hay and straw in winter. When found
6Q2
inconvenient
by the farmer to have two cows, and one only was kept, then the hind was allowed a money payment This averaged $ in lieu of the keep, or stent, of one cow. " deef stent." Compare DEEF-STENT. yearly, and was called a " Aa's stented tiv an oor at dinner." Stent, to stint, to limit.
STENTON, STENTIN,
winning headways.
"
a passage between two headways in a pit through which the air circulates until another is holed further in-bye. Stenton-wall, the pillar of coal between two
Glossary Neivcastle Mining Terms, 1852.
Stentings are openings between two parallel headways, for the same use as walls." Mackenzie, Hist, of Northumberland, 1825, vol. i., p. 91.
STEP,
a walk; to walk. "Step over to Gateshead." Let's hev a step." dance.

*
Also a
" Aw'll tyek a step ower te the Wear, And call at Tyne as aw come back."
T. Wilson, The Shifting-day, 1852.
STETCHELLED,
STEUK,
"
crammed
full.
See STECH.
stuck, transfixed. Dinna sit there leyke steuke and

transfixed.
as
if
sit and say nowse" T. Bewick, The Upgetting, ed. 1850, p.
do not
13.
sit
there
STEVEL, STEBBLE,
"
We stevell'd
"
to to the cabin."
stumble
in walking,
to
stagger.
Muzzy cheps
as leyt frae town they stevel." T. Wilson, Oiling of Dicky's Wig, 1826.
STEW,
" She's hevin commotion, disorder, distraction. " He wis iv a an' sic a stew thor's on." the whitewashers,
fuss,
bonny
stew
"
in great perturbation.
i.
STICK.
their
See STEEK,
STICKLER,
gowns
an apron or "
or dresses.
"
slip
worn by women
a
to protect
STICKLER, "
STICKLY,
hair."
a knotty That's a stickler"
point
thing
difficult
to
solve.
pen-feathered,
starting
up;
as
"
Stickly
i'
the
STICK-STACK,
STICKY, having
tough.
a stack of firewood.
woody-fibre in sticks or layers

etc.,
Applied to vegetables, as celery,
when
stringy. fibrous and

;
693
STICKY-GRASS,
the cock's-foot grass, Dactylis glomerata, L. Called also fox -foot. " As the leaf feels rough, and does not draw smoothly across the back
of their little hands, children call the grass Stickey-grass and they use it to bleed each other in the tongue." Johnston, Botany of Eastern Borders, p. 216.
;
STICKY-STACK
object
stick
it
[N.] a game played with a wood pin, the being by running up the cut side of a haystack to
,
highest.
See also TWIKES.
STIFE,
a choking fume.
variant of
stythe.
STILL-AN-ON,
notwithstanding, nevertheless.
STILLER,
skeel
a float placed on the surface of the water in a to prevent the contents from labbering over when the vessel is carried on the head. The stiller is commonly a flat piece of board. Sometimes a wooden trencher or a wooden bowl is used.
the
STILLING,
above the stone head.
walling of a pit shaft within the tubbing Gresley, Glossary, 1883.

[N.],
in
STILLIARD, STILL-YERD
yard
for
STILL-YARD,
weighing goods,
still
common
a steeluse by butchers and
travelling vendors.
STILTCHIN,
STILTS,
narrow-minded, mean.
the shafts of any implement terminating in a pair of handles. "Plough stilts," the wood or iron shafts attached to the body of the plough and terminating in the stilt handles. The shafts of a wheelbarrow and of other implements are known as stilts.
"
I'll
leave to
11
him my hind
stilts
Her
be stilts unto his plough." Robin Spraggon's Auld Grey Mare. she was not able to handle." G. Stuart, Joco-Serious Discourse, 1686, p. 48.
legs to
STIME,
a
a particle.
"
Aa canna
see a stime"
"They
hadn't
stime o'
breed
i'
the hoose."
Compare STARN.
STING,
a post, a pole.
See STANG, and compare STOB.
STING,
To to cover or thatch a stack with straw or rushes. repair thatch by thrusting portions of straw into the old part with a sting or forked instrument made for that purpose.
"
To
sting, to
thatch
"
(Whelpington).
Hodgson MS,
694
the
STINKIN TOMMY,
arvensis,
common
rest
harrow,
Ononis
L.
STINT.
STINT,
"
See STENT.
the dunlin, Pelidna cinclus, L. Called also sealark. and the commonest of our sandpipers." Hancock, Birds
resident,
of Northumberland, etc., p. 117.
STIRK, STORK, a young beast, ox, or heifer. Stirk is common gender, but formerly was applied to the male animal
specially.
a
is called a bull calf until turned of a year old, when he is called or yearling. When castrated or gelt he is called an ox, or stotcalf, until a year old, when he is called a stirk, stot, or yearling." George Culley, Live Stock, 1801, p. 17.
"
He
stirk
STITCH,
side."
an acute, sudden pain.
" Aa've getten a
stitch
i'
me
STITCHES,
leathern thongs used to fasten the weights on the

nets.
Brockett.
bottom of salmon
STITCHES,
narrow ridges of land.
STITCH-STICK,
used in fastening the stones on the " ground-rope salmon net.
a stick generally semicircular in section

"
of a
STITE, STEIT, ASTITE,

ye as me."
"
fellow like
"
me may
Aw
meet
" Stite as soon, just as well. stite myek up a sang."

steit
Ha'e day about alang
wi' others."
ii.,
T. Wilson, Pitman's Pay, pt
1827, v.
n.
STIVAT, STIVET,
stivat."
stiff,
"
useless, stupid person.
"
An aad
Hadaway, thoo greet stivat, thoo." "No stivet e're lived was so much misused."
Sawney
Ogilby's Duel.
Northumberland Garland, 1793.
STIVE, STIVE,
strong, muscular.
to stuff.
Brockett.
See STEAVE.
Compare STECH.
kail,
" Set on the pot wi' flesh an'
To
stive
his
wame."
STOB,
a short post, a stump, a stake, a gibbet, a short upright fender placed on the kerb of a street to ward off vehicles from a footpath, or the same placed in a lane to prevent cart traffic.
695
" Rogue-stob," the name of the now obsolete whipping-post. " Stob " -fence," a stake fence. Stob-me\\," a heavy hammer for driving posts into the ground. "Stob-mill," a windmill " " " " pivoted upon a central post. Stang or sting is usually stob generally to applied to a pole of considerable length a truncated or short pole or post. By oblique application stob is applied to persons of an obstinate, stupid character. "He's a greet fond stob" or "He's as fond as a stob" See
;
HOBBY.
" Spicer Lane still retains the old stone projecting stobs against the bases of the houses all along." Charleton, Newcastle Town, 1885, p. 318. 11 In former times, a pilgrimage was sometimes made from this place to Winter's Stob, or gibbet, for a piece of the wood to rub the tooth with" in toothache. Bigge, Superstitions at Stamfordham. Trans. Tyneside Nat.
Field Club, 1860-62, vol. v., p. 90.
STOB,
a pointed, wooden stick for thrusting apart the seams of canvas in order to push cuttings of cloth through the interstices in making "stob mats."
stubbly, unshaven.
STOBBY,
STOB-FEATHERT,
STOB-MAT,
STOCK,
unfledged;
applied
to
bird
with
feathers not yet out of sheath.
a hearthrug or mat made of cloth cuttings of various colours. See STOB, 2.
often
the side frame of a bed. " Then up aw scrammels ower the stocks."
J.
P. Robson, WorMally.
STOCK-AND-FEATHERS,
a tool formerly used by lead miners, particularly in wet situations, where gunpowder was difficult of use. See a drawing of the tool, Archaologia A? liana, vol. i., p. 185. Also known as stook and feathers, stob and feathers, plug and feathers, and fox wedge. a custom at weddings, now obsolete was attended by her tire women, who removed the stocking from her left leg and returned with it to the assembled guests. It was thrown among them, and luck fell on the person on whom it lighted, for it was supposed to indicate the one next to be married. Compare THRAAIN THE
STOCKIN-THRAWIN,
The
bride
STOCKIN.
STOCKY,
the stockdove, Columba anas, Yarrell.

;
STODGY,
Y
often applied to thick-set, strong stature, but of compact and strong body.
men
of short
696
take anything " next the stomach"
is
STOMACH. To
it
to take
fasting.
STONE.
A stone of wool in Northumberland was twentyfour or eighteen pounds. Britten, Farming Words, E.D.S.
,
,
STONE forms, STANE [N.] STEEYEN [S.] STEEN, or STEAHYN [W.-T.] STYEN [T.] " Filterin styen,"
,
" Knock styen" the jamb of a fireplace. " loose surface stones in a ploughed field. Lair, or styens" " Mere lare, styen," a tombstone. styen," a boundary stone. "Trou styen," a stone trough. "ThrufTsz^w," a tie-stone in a wall, a grave cover. Stone, Styen, to gather stones off arable land. "They've been on styenin the field." "Sz-y^caad," cold as stone. Stone-canch, in mining, the canch or step formed by a bed of stone or by a stratum which is being worked along with a seam of coal. When two strata are worked alternately the miner gets forward with the coal working, and a canch of stone is left. See CANCH. Stone-claker, Stane-chacker, the stoneThe whinchat, Pratincola rubetra, chat, Pratincola mbicola, L. L., is also known as stane-chacker in North Northumberland. Stone-coal, originally pit coal, as distinguished from charcoal. Also coal traversed by a band of stone. Styen-deed, dead as a stone. Stone-dike, Styen-dike, a stone Styen-deef, stone deaf. wall. See SPATCHEL. Stone-dike, in a Stone-and-spitchil-dyke. colliery, the interruption of the coal seam by the occurrence of a "wash" that is, a denudation of the seam by the action of water, the valley so produced being filled up with river Also called a balk. Compare STONE ROLL. Stonedetritus. an excavation in a colliery which is driven through the drift, strata adjacent to the coal. These drifts sometimes connect one seam with another or carry the working on through a fault to the coal beyond. Stonegate, Stanegate, the stone or The ancient road between Newcastle and paved road. Carlisle was called the " Carelgate," and, in going westward, it entered upon a portion of the paved Roman Street, which it followed from Fourstones. This is the Stanegate. Stonehead, the first stone reached after sinking through the loose Stone-men, men employed in a deposits of the surface. colliery in driving stone drifts (or in) taking up bottom, or taking down top stone to make height for horses, etc. Nicholson, Coal Trade Terms, 1888. Styen nyekt, stark naked. Stone plover, the great plover, (Edicnemtis crepitans, Temminck. Stone-putter, a person employed in a colliery in "putting" stones from a drift or canch to a stow-board. Nicholson, Coal Trade Terms, 1888. Stone-roll, an occasional phenomenon
a water filter " curbstone.
made
Hud
of porous sandstone.
" Glent
sty en"
in a coal
697
seam, where a channel has been cut in the coal " " by a powerful current action, and the roll of denudation thus made has been filled by a deposit of solid sandstone.
Compare STONE-DIKE. Stoney, Styeny, a hard, glazed marble The softer playing marbles are called used in boys' play. commonies and muggies. Stoney, Styeney, Stone-naig, an entire This is often used for horse. Stoney-rag, Steamy-rag, lichen. dyeing eggs at Easter.
STOOK,
top.
a pile of corn sheaves consisting of set together, six on each side, with two hood
twelve sheaves sheaves on the

of ordinary or
The
stock is
made when
the corn
is
moderate length. When it is short a "huttock" is made, with ten sheaves set two and two, five on a side, having two hood sheaves, one at each end, to cover them. The length
of the straw in these covering sheaves regulates the making " of a stook or a " huttock according to the number of sheaves
that can be covered by the two hood sheaves. When the corn is very tall sometimes as many as fourteen sheaves are put together and two hood sheaves. Hodgson MS. The line in which they are set is taken from the shadow of the sun A " gaitin " is a single sheaf set up on at one o'clock p.m. Two stocks of twelve sheaves each go to its end alone to dry. make a thrave. Wheat was stocked^ oats and barley were " braid-band " that " gaitined,'' but barley was often laid in / is, spread thinly over the band and so left to dry.
;
STOOK,
"
the remains of a pillar of coal after

"
it
has been
jenkined."
They jenkin
And
a' the pillars down, efter tyek the stocks away."
pt.
iii.,
1829, v. 14.
STOOL,
the shank of a rake or fork for hay.

i.
Hodgson
MS.
See STEEL,
"
STOOL, STYUL,
Wheat when
it
to sprout out.
shoots vigorously out into
many stems
is
said to
stool well."
Hodgson MS.
STOOL-BENT,
squarrosus,
L.
or ROSE-BENT, the heath rush, Juncus See SPRATS, RISP-GRASS, and BENT.
" Spreats and stool-bent in moist places always indicate the spot where the pedestrian may be sure of firm footing." S. Oliver, Rambles in Northumberland, 1835, p. 165.
STOOND,
a violent pain, especially the stun felt on receiving a severe blow, or the pang from an aching tooth. Stoond "Aa jammed me hand to pain. (intransitive), to ache,
698
yisterday,
an'
it's
crack (as in stonebreaking). " He stoonded the styen." When a stone is shattered "houltered."
a
fixed post, a
stoondin yit."
(Transitive)
it,
to bruise,
to
it
but didn't brik is said to be
STOOP,
tankard.
support,
small keg,
a drinking
See STOUP,
and
2.
STOOR, STOUR,
and noise
;
a tumult, a great disturbance with fuss dust in motion. Stoory, dusty.
"
"
When
Two
aa cam
hyem
sic
a stoor wis on."

5.
His Other Eye, 1880, p. veterans still, midst dust and stour, Conned o'er the days when they were young." T. Wilson, Pitman's Pay, pt. ii., 1827, v.
;
9.
STOORDED, STOURDED,
like."
said of sheep that suffer silly from the "sturdy," and look dazed and sickly in consequence. "That yane's stoorded, aa doot he leuks tarrible douthord
;
See STURDY.
of a red-hot poker oatmeal and sugar.
STOORY,
in
it
beer sweetened and then heated by the immersion or ale warmed and mixed with a
;
little
STOOTHIN,
"
a lath and plaster partition formed of wooden uprights with laths nailed across on which plaster is laid.
STOP, S*TAP,
to push, to thrust, to stuff. Stop in, to thrust in. Stop in the poker." "Stop the key i' the door." Stop oot, to thrust out. "Stop them well wi' straw."
"
G. Stuart, Joco-Serious Discourse, 1686, p. 43. They'll aiblins stap you i' the fire." T. Donaldson, Glanton, Poems, 1809, p. n. " Had up the low, lad, deil stop out thy een." The Collier's Rant. Northumberland Garland, 1793.
STOP,
to stay, to dwell.
"Where
are you staying? are you living?

"
"
Whe
are ye stoppin?" where are ye stoppin wi?" with whom
O aw cum oot iv Heaton the place ye weel knaw, Maw wife she stops there, an' maw bairns an' a'."
Pitman's Ghost.
Bards of the Tyne, 1849,
p. 405.
STOPPIN, STOPPING, walling put into any passage in a pit to block it up so as to carry the air forward. Mining Glossary, Newcastle Terms, 1852.
much
J. C.,
" This care of the air dispersed, or too
must be taken
much
in general, that it be not too liberty given for want of stoppings.*'
Compleat
Collier, 1708, p. 46.
699
STOPPLE,
a tube of small bore. tobacco pipe.

" If
"
Pipe stopple? the tube of a
he hadn't bad teeth he wad eaten the stopple." W. Armstrong, d. 1833-4, The
Glister.
STORKENED, STURKENT, STARKENT,

set
strengthened,
up.
cover for
"
Newly-hatched chickens are often kept under a day or two until they are " weel storkened"
lad
"
storkened
stout,
but
not
yet
come
to his
full
strength.
See STARKEN.
Ray, North Country Words, E.D.S.
food.
"Stnrken, to grow, thrive."
STORKENIN, STORKNIN,
storknin"
"A
good
supply of
STORM. When
a snow-storm continues intermittently from " feeding-sforw," the snow on the day to day it is called a ground being fed by repeated falls. At "kittle" times in the
farmer's operations the occurrence of a snow-storm receives a special name; hence the "lambing storm" the "peewitstovm" or " teufit-sfonw."
STORM-COCK,
bird
is
the missel-thrush, Turdus viscivorous, L. This as the missel-dick, mezzle-thrush, mezeltoethrush, and in North Northumberland as the red-rumped thrush.
also
known
STOT,
a castrated ox of any age up to the second year, and unbroken to the yoke. See STEER, i. " One cow three stottes & two quies the goodes of Sr Arthure Grey,
Knight."
1628.
Calendar of Prisoners Archciologia SEliana, vol.
in
i.,
High
p.
Castle
of Newcastle-upon-Tyne,
158.
STOT,
The hailstones wis stottin off the hoosehigh tops." yor baal stot?" Stotty-ba\ Stotty-baal> a stotting or bouncing ball. Compare KEPPY-BA'.'
to rebound.
"
"
Hoo
will
STOT-PLOUGH.
STOTTERIN,
aboot some
See FULL-PLOUGH.
" He's elwis gan
stotterin
tottering, staggering. way or other."
STOUND.
See STOOND.
STOUP, STOOP,
a drinking tankard or pot. Stotips were anciently made of wood staves. Small kegs or barrels were also called stoops. Compare STAP.
7OO
STOUP, STOOP,
or support.
the post of a gate. Hodgson MS. A stay Said of a grown-up girl, "She's a greet stoup tiv her mother" or " That aadest lassie '11 be a greet stoup to
Peggy noo."
is,
Used
as
one
"
who
is
immovable as a
also for a stupid or obstinate person that " " Ye post. greet stoup, ye!
;
Compare STOB.
men and Tho Comptons when they brought
:
1653, paid for
two quarts of beare bestowed on John Willowbie's

14 greate stoupes to be set Gateshead Church Books.
at the
two dung middings, 4d."
STOUR.
See STOOR, also STOWER.

theft.
STOUTHE,
vol.
ii.,
Compare STOWEN.
"Jan. 14, 1524: Northumberland is in good order, and no hurt has been done by stouthe nor reif since you left." Welford, Hist, of Newcastle,
p. 81.
STOW,
STA.
to surfeit, to sicken.
" Dinna stow
him
"
!
on't."
See
STOW
11
(imperative), stop.
"Stow
that,
now
Stow, to crop, to lop, to cut off."
Brockett.
STOW,
of
it
in mining, to
pack waste material
in disused parts of the mine, or to
in order to dispose pack up stone in
hollows behind walling and above arches so as to make a Stow-board, in mining, a worked out compact structure. "board" used for stowing away stone and waste (spoil or "deeds") from the mine. Stower, a shifter, a workman in a pit who stows or packs up stone. Stow-tub, in a pit, a small tub or kibble in which stones are led away to the stow-board. " The packing is done by a class of men called stowers." Newcastle Daily Chronicle, November 23, 1886.
STOWEN,
stolen.
"
Goods owther strayed
or stowen."
STOWER, STOUR, STOOR,
Ye a hedge-stake or a post. better put a stower in, or the beas'll be through the dike." " Dike-stower" a stake driven into a sod-dike. These stakes are placed at close intervals, and woven through and through " with "rice" forming " rice- and- stower." Gate-stoor," a
Compare ESTOVER and STOUP,
2.
gate-post.
STRAA
[T.],
,
STRAY
[N.],
STREE, STREA
[S.]
STRO
[W.-T.] straw. At a hiring, the hinds who are waiting for an engagement are distinguished by their having a small " piece of strae in the mouth. Sra#-wisp," a handful of straw
;
jOl
used to light a fire or a straw-rope put round the ankle in " Sfow-deeth," a death on straw that is, in dirty weather. " as opposed to a death by violence. bed, Stfra-rape," a rope of straw.
old practice in money lending was to give a straw bond.' This of straws bound together lengthwise, and then divided The with a knife the lender and the borrower keeping one half. practice existed in the latter part of last century." G. H. Thompson, Hist, of Bwks. Nat. Club, vol. ix., p. 180.
11
'
An
was a number
;
STRABBLE,
"
anything that hangs long, loose, and straggling.
Down
The
his frosty chin in thousands float
strabbles of
mine ancient
W.
billy goat." Kelly, Teetotallers of the Tyne, 1854, p. 15.
STRAIK, STRAKE,
The
strake."
a stripe, a streak, a stretch of anything. lines or stretches of planking or plates in a ship are
called stmkes, the lowest one next the keel being the
"sand
See STREEK.
STRAIK, STRAKE, STRICKLE,
a scythe sharpener, made of a flat or square piece of wood, rounded at the handle, and about twelve to twenty-two inches in length. The squared part is dinted to make a holding surface, and this is covered with grease or tallow, and then powdered over with sharp, coarse sand, or coarse emery. See STREEK, i.
STRAIKIN,
shillings.
" Paide for the
coarse linen formerly used for shirt-making. borde wages of a boy which was cutt of the stone, four Paide for a straikin short to him and for sewing ytt, sixteen
The same.
pence."
11
Newcastle Municipal Accounts, 1593.
shirt of straykinges."
STRAMP,
an iron plate worn by drainers on the sole of their to bear the thrust of the spade while digging. clog
" Dinna to trample upon. (p.t. strup), to tramp, ower the clean floor." " He strup on me taes." To stramp conceal it by stramp an article, to put the foot on it so as to
STRAMP
treading
it
into the soft ground.
STRAMP-STREENER,
trampling.
one
who
cures
sprains,
etc.,
by
" A on the part affected, person skilled in this art, stamps with the foot and after the first pang it is said to be painless. W. R., of Belsay Lake limb House, stramped, for sprain, the arm of J. T., and cured her. The ought afterwards to be bound up with an eel's skin." Bigge, Superstitions
at
Stamfordham.
Trans. Tyneside Nat. Field Club, 1860-62, vol.
v.,
p. 90.
702
STRANGERS,
in
the filmy scales of soot on grate bars, observed winter evenings without a candle, which are said to indicate the probable arrival of strangers. Hodgson MS.
STRAP,
a cluster, a currants.
bunch
especially applied to red or white
STRAVAIG,
a stroll. " Let's hev a stravaig aboot the toon." an itinerant. Stravaig, to stroll, to wander about. Stravaiger, "The faws went stravaigin wi' their cuddies" the gipsies went strolling with their donkeys.
STREAMERS,
"
the aurora borealis.

eiry blood-hound howl'd streamers flaunted red."
Called also in South

leets.
Northumberland Lord Darwentwatter's

The The
by night,
The Cout of Keeldar.
STREAMERS,
STRECK,
minnows
at
spawning
in
time.
These
fish
congregate in great numbers streams to deposit their ova.
the
shallow,
"
gravelly
self-complacent, vain, conceited.
That
lad's
some
streck o' his
new
claes."
STREEK, STRICKLE,
the strike or straight roller used for passing over the top of a measure of corn in order to strike or level it evenly. Also applied occasionally to the measure of corn itself, a streek being understood for a bushel. " Streeked " measure," exact measure as distinguished from heaped
measure."
STREEK, STREAK, STRECK,
to stretch or lay out. Streekin-board, a stretching board, used for laying out a corpse. " When a person is dying, the neighbours are called in during the expiring moments, and continue to assist the family in laying out, or streaking the corpse, which is placed on a bed, hung around and covered with the best linen the house affords. It is also customary to set a pewter plate, containing a little salt, upon the breast of the departed, and also a candle in some particular place. The looking-glass is covered and the fire extinguished where a corpse is kept and it is reckoned so ominous for a dog or cat to pass over it that the poor animal is killed without mercy. The coffin is left unscrewed till the time of burial." Mackenzie, Hist, of Northumberland, 1825, vol. i., p. 205.
;
STREET, a high
Street."
The Stamfordham road is called " The The old Newcastle and 1814.) Carlisle pack-horse road was called " Hee Street" or " Carel Gate." The road at West Glanton is " Deer Street," and at The Watling Street traverses the Callaly "The street way."
road.
(Hodgson MS.,
county from Ebchester to the Border.
703
STRENKLE,
"
strenkle p. 10.
to sprinkle.
shive
Bring him a
oh butter
an' breed
cut
him a good counge,
an*
a leapyt ov sugar on't."
etc., ed. 1850,
"
Strenkelynge, or sprenkelynge, Aspersio."
Promptorium Parvulorum.
STRESS,
"
1631.
a distraint, a distress warrant.
(Obs.)
Rec. for a gun of Robert Branlinge that ye ould churchwardens tooke for a stresse, 2s."Gateshead Church Books.
STRETCHER,
STRICKLE.
the bar which keeps the chains apart between the horses in ploughing.
See STRAIK,
2,
and STREEK,
i.
STRIDDLE,
to straddle, to stride across. A useless person is described as " gan striddlin aboot." " Striddle-legs," astride. " He sat down stridelegs on a stone."
J.
Donaldson, Glanton, 1809, Poems,
p. 150.
STRIKE,
A measure when filled with wheat full to the top. or other measured commodity was streeked across the top This was streeked or strickle with a level or strickle.
measure. Compare STRAIK, 2, and STREEK, i. "In former agreements between coalowners and workmen,
it
was
stipulated that the specifiid coal tubs should be filled strike or woodfull." Green well, Coal Trade Terms, 1888.
STRIKE,
sinking
pit.
to land a kibble on to the scaffold at the top of a Nicholson, Coal Trade Terms, 1888.
(intransitive), to appear on the skin Strucken-oot, covered with a skin eruption.
STRIKE-OUT
eruption.
as an
STRIKER,
the
assistant
to
blacksmith
who
s.v.
wields the
sledge-hammer.
STRIKING-DEALS.
STRIP-THE-DEED,
See SKEETING-DEALS,
SKEETS.
to take a birse from a shoemaker's thread when the length has been used up, so as to put it " birse" is the strong bristle which upon a new lingle. The forms a point stiff enough to pass through the stitch holes bored in the leather.
STRITER, STRIGHTER,
a hind
who
"sets out" land.
STROANIN,
the groaning and straining of a horse.
704
an appetite.
"
STROKE,
The
bairns hes a gran' stroke"
STRONG, "
Strong post,"
hard. Applied in mining in opposition to mild. " Strong grey metal," etc.
cold and stern in man," an obstinate,
STROONGE, STROONCH, STRUNGE, "

mien or outward bearing. sour, reserved man.
Stroonge
STROOP,
"
the spout of a vessel. " Kettle stroop." " Stroopit A mischievous child is often called a pot," a spouted pot.
little stroop."
STROTHER, STRUTHER,
grow.
Strothers" is of common occurrence as a field-name, is still in use as the term for a bog in North Tindale and Tarset. Hodgson MS. It also occurs in Beadnel Strother, Longstrother, and in about ten other place-names in
"The
and
a marsh or swamp where rushes Hodgson, Northumberland, vol. iij. pt. ii. p. 326, n.
strother
Northumberland.
STROW, "
litter,
confusion.
"
What
The hoose
a strow ye hev
o'
the floor."
is iv
fair
strow"
Compare HOWSTROW.
STRUM, STRUM-BOX,
of a suction pipe.
a perforated cover to protect the end
STRUM,
a low musical note like the tap of a drum. " Gurlin thro' the glens o' Reed Wi' a weird and eerie strum,
When
The
round yon auld cot winter winds they come." James Armstrong, Aid Crag, 1879.
STRUNT,
a pique, a pet. "He's teyun the strunts" taken the pet. Stninty, petted, easily piqued, as " He's a varry strunty chep."
STUBBLE-FOOR,
grain crop, the
After a a stubble field once ploughed. when ploughed in the autumn, is said When the cross or second to be "lying in the stubble-foor." furrow for root crops has been made it is no longer so Stnbble-wund or Stubble-wun ; when a company designated. of reapers get to the end of their ridge or "land" before those that are prior in order they are said to be stubUe-wund or to stubble-wtm them.
field,
STUBBS,
old horse-shoe nails.
75
STUCKIN, STUCKEEN,
a pole, a small stake or post inserted at a gap in a hedge. " Net-stuckins," the stakes used for drying nets on.
a prop, a support
gi'd studwnent."
;
STUDIMENT,
it
also stability.
"
He
lashed
wiv a rope to
an
STUDY,
anvil.
STUMP,
a blockhead.
" He's a reg'lar stump"

wholly, entirely.
See STOB.
dog's eaten the
STUMP-AN'-RUMP,
"
The
meat up stump -an' -rump."
STURDY, STOORDY,
by entozoa
in
a disease in the head of animals caused the brain. It is cured by trephining and removing. To a stupid person the advice is often tendered, " Get bored for the sturdy" See STOORDED.
" Tak'
my
advice, noo,
Get boor'd for the
sturdy,
and mind what I say, and do not delay."

1872.
James Armstrong, Anither Sang,
STY
a cry used to drive pigs out of mischief.
STYEAVE,
to fray by heavy blows. iron bolt the end becomes styeaved up.
By hammering
at
an
STYEK-AND-RICE-FENCE,
a fence formed by driving stakes into the top of an earth dyke about eighteen inches or two feet apart, and then winding thorns round them, which " made of saugh, hazel, or any are secured by a " yeather wood. " He's a good styek-arf-ricev" a good hand at pliant this work. Styek-and-yeather, to form a fence as above.
STYEN.
See STONE.
STYTHE, STIFE,
any very choking fume or smoke. It is especially applied to the gases productive of, or resultant from, a colliery explosion. " Through smoke, and styth, and swelterin heat."
pt.
ii.,
1827, v. 23.
STYUK, STYUL,
a stock, a simpleton.
2.
"
Thoo
greet styuk"
Compare
STOB, and STOUP,
to spread out or thicken, as young corn when sprouting and separating into several stalks as it grows, " It See STOOL. styuls weel."
706
" So-so." equivalent to the cant expression " of doubtful character.
SUCH-AND-SO,
" She's oney
such-an'-so
SUCKLERS,
white clover.
See SOOKIES.
Brockett.
SUDDLE, SUTTLE,
to soil, to tarnish, to sully.
SULPHUR,
well.
fire-damp in a pit. Sulphur -well, a spa (Obs.) Sulphury, in mining, any rock mixed with iron pyrites. Sulphury, Sulphvy, sultry. 11 A misapprehension for sultry, from a notion that, in hot sultry
weather,
with
atmosphere."
thunderstorm, Embleton MS.
there
is
smell
of
sulphur
in
the
SUMMER,
" Bresta main beam in a building. summer," a chimney beam or chimney-piece. Compare PAN-PIECE.
SUMMERING,
depasturing sheep on the uplands. Summerings, Sommerings, pastures on the moors so-called from their being occupied only in the summer months. " Item. I give and bequeath unto my sonne September 13, 1664. William Widdrington and his assigns, the lease and interest of all my summering grounds in the parish of Symonburne, wch I hold of the Rt. Honble the Earle of Northumberland." Will of Sir Henry Widdrington,
;
of Cheeseburn Grange.
SUMP, SUMPH, A bathing pool

"
a puddle hole, a pool, a hole with water.

in the
river Aln below Alnwick is called Sump, in mining, the well into which drainage is run, forming the standage from which the pump draws or the deepest part of a collection of water from which it can be baled or pumped. Sump, that portion kept a yard or more in advance of the drift or pit, in driving a stone drift or sinking a pit, to enable the gunpowder or other explosive to act with greater advantage upon the parts left. Greenwell, Coal Trade Terms. Sump, the part of a wide board which is first-kirved, nicked, and shot down. Nicholson, Coal Trade Terms, 1888. Sumper, a large tool used in drilling
The Sumph."
;
Brockett.
holes in quarries. Sumph, a secondary shaft in a mine. A lead mining term. Sumph, a dull, stupid person. " He's a reg'lar sumph." Sump-shot or S limping -shot, a charge of powder for bringing down the sump or for blowing the stone up in a sinking pit. The hole for this shot is drilled at an angle more or less acute, so that on a vertical face of wall its explosion blows out the lower portion of the face, making a cavernous recess below, and rendering the bringing down of the top comparatively easy. In sinking a shaft a sumping-shot is used, the hole being drilled at an angle less than a right
angle,
707
and the explosion blows a portion of the stone upward. " He cam in Sump, saturated with rain or moisture. sump wet." Sumpy, wet, marshy, as " Sumpy ground." "The sand was sumpy." " It's a varra sumpy road." "It is a very good caution, even in a coaled pit, to put down a bore
rod, about a fathom, for a sump."
Compleat
Collier, 1708, p. 14.
SUN-CHEEK,
the south face of a lead vein.
SUNCKAT, SUNCKET,
Discourse.
somewhat.
(Obs.)
See SUNKET.
"I's sunckat beuk-learn'd."

"
G. Stuart, Newcastle, 1686, Joco-Serious

sel'."
Now
ye leuk sunckat like your
The same,
p. 50.
SUNDAY-STONES, banded deposits of sulphate of barium, etc., found in certain colliery water pipes. The coal dust produced during the daily working of the mine causes a discolouration in the deposit in course of formation. But on Sunday this
cause is in abeyance. Hence a polished section of the material exhibits the deposits separated by distinctive bands which indicate the days of rest and give the name Sundaystone to the material.
SUNDERLAND,
place-name, land lying to the south of a "North Sutherland" is spelt in early particular place. charters Stttherlannland, that is, no doubt, land south of The prefix " North " was probably a later Bamburgh. addition made so as to distinguish the smaller place on the coast of Northumberland from the large town on the
Wear.
" Sunderland-fitter, a jocular Brockett.
term at cards
for the
knave of clubs."
SUN-DOG,
well
an isolated spot of prismatic colours, usually seen It is considered by the fishermen of the north-east coast as a sign of approaching storm. When the lower portion or stump of a rainbow is left visible it is called a " weather-pillar," " weather-gaa," and "weather-bleat." It also is an indication of wet and storm.
up
in the northern parts of the sky.
SUNG
SUNK,
(the p.t.
fire
;
and
p.p. of singe), singed.

is
"
Somebody's ower
near the
thor claes
sung."
for a
a straw
pad formerly used
pack saddle.
Compare
SOD and PAD.
SUNKET,
"
a small number, a small quantity. See SUNCKAT. Ducks, turkeys, and pigeons in sunhets are seen."
Song, Framlington Fair.
708
to snuff the air.
Halliwell.
SUOAK,
SURF,
See SNOAK.
for
an ancient draining a mine.
name
for an adit or horizontal tunnel See SOUGH, 2.
SURFEIT, SURFET,
from an explosion.
explosive gas, or the gases resulting
"An
ignorant man, by his ignorance
may be
Surfet, which is another dangerous sort of bad air, like lightning, -which blasts and tears all before it,
burnt to death by the but of a fiery nature if it takes hold of the
candle."
J. C.,
Comphat
Collier, 1708, p. 23.
mining, the pressure exercised by pent up gas of any kind easing itself off with some force, frequently rending the roof, sides, or floor of the seam this often takes place without any sudden outburst of Green well, Coal Trade Terms, 1888. gas."
Surfeit, in
;
SURHED. To surhed a
the posture
it
stone is to set it edgewise, contrary to held in the quarry. Halliwell.

soft cushion.
SWAB, SQUAB, a
See SQUAB.
SWABBY,
fat,
corpulent.
SWAD, SWOD,
coarse coal or black stone
when
it
occurs
it
at the bottom of a seam of coal. called brat. Compare BRAT, 5, and SLAG.
When
at the top
is
SWAD,
SWAP.
a pod.
"
pea-swad."
"
bean-swad."
Compare
SWAGE, SPRAINTS, SWAGE,

SWAIR,
excrement of the
otter.
to form the groove in a horse-shoe in which the nails are fixed. To form any groove in iron. The tool by which grooves are formed in iron is a swage.
square.
" Great swair oak trees, strongly bound and joined together with great tenons of the same." Bowe's Survey of North Tynedale, 1542.
SWALE, SWALL,
"
1640.
a plank of wood.
(Obs.)
Paid John Cock for 12 swalls for formes for the church, ics." Gaetshead Church Books.
" It. paid for 20 swalls to be scaffolds, one shilling." 1648. Barber Surgeons. Archaologia JEliana, vol. xv., p. 252.
Embleton,
SW ALLEY, S WELLY, in coal mining, a
gradual depression
or dish in the strata. In the bottom of the dish the Gnenwell. See SWELLY. coal is usually thicker.
seam of
709
SWALLOW-HOLE, SWALLEY-HOLE,
a depression or a hole where water disappears underground. Swalley -holes frequently extend over and follow the outcrop of a stratum of limestone on the moors. See WATERFALL-HOLES, WATER-
SWALLOW-HOLES, and WITCH-HOLES. "From the lake of Grindon, in Northumberland,

and flows about two miles
in a fissure of its rocky Swallow-Hole." Denham, 1858, Folk Lore, tract
T
a small burn issues, in a westerly course, when it is suddenly lost passage in the limestone, popularly known as a
x., pt. iv., p. 18.
SWALLOW -TAILED-SHELDRAKE, the

Harelda
glacialis,
long-tailed duck,
L.
It is also called coal-and-candle-light
and
Jenny Foster.
SWAMISH, SWEAMISH,
HOWL.
shy,
awkwardly
"
bashful.
Brockett.
SWAMP, hollow sounding, empty.
A swamp belly." Compare
SWANG,
and
a rich, flat piece of ground at the foot of a declivity, liable to be flooded. Sometimes applied to wet, rushy land through which water runs slowly. "TheSwang" at a Sheriff Hill was a grassy flat lying between two slopes favourite resort for bowlers before the enclosure of the
;
common.
SWANKY, SWANKY,
SWAP,
pods.
a tight, strapping young fellow or
girl. " At e'en at the gloamin, nae swankies are roamin." Flowers of the Forest.
small beer.
to
an immature and partially-filled pod. Applied " a common saying. "Swaps is sweet
to slam.
the door, in
pea
SWAP,
"
To swap
common
language,
is
as
much
i.,
violently."
Mackenzie, Hist, of Northumberland,
vol.
as to say, shut 1825, p. 149, n.
it
SWAPE,
the long oar formerly used at the stern of a keel on the Tyne. The keel was rowed by a single oar at the bow, which was worked by two "bullies" and the "peedee" usually upon the port side of the vessel whilst the swape was worked by the skipper at the stern to steer the course The swape was thus the stroke oar. required.
;
Sweype, or swappe, or strok." Promptorium Parvulorum. They call the great oar, used as a kind of rudder at the stern of the Brand, Hist. of.Newcastle, vol. ii., 1789, p. 261, vessel, the swape."
"
.
"
710
SWAPE, a
altered
rope laid transversely to prevent the ropes extending from the top of a stack to the eaves from having their position
by the wind.
an instrument used
in
SWAPE,
spreading manure.
Brockett.
SWAPE-CHURN,
SWAPES,
at a sharp turn.
an old upright churn, which was wrought a lever and a half revolving axle. by
curved plates used
for laying the
railway in a mine
SWARBLE,
SWAREY,
fellow.
to climb up the bole of a tree by the muscular action of the arms, thighs, and legs to swarm. Brockett.
;
useless, Brockett.
worthless.
"
swarey Jack,"
a useless
SWARFE,
SWARL.
to faint, to swoon.
Brockett.
See SWIRLE.
to
SWARM,
mount a
tree
by embracing
it
with arms and
legs.
SWARTH,
sward, the surface of grass land. In sinking a pit, the stonehead, or stratified rock, is said to be so much below the swarth being here the surface of the alluvial the swarth or surface deposits.
;
SWAT, "
He
to squat, to crouch for concealment. "Swat doon." swat doon on the grund." " D'ye see yon hare lyin
swateet ?"
Compare CLAP,
and
3.
SWAT,
squat, short.
Compare SWEETISH.
SWATCH,
a sample, a piece of anything cut off as a sample.

11
Here's just a swatch of pitman's
life,
Frae bein breek'd till fit to marry." T. Wilson, Pitman's Pay,
pt.
ii.,
1827, v. 78.
SWATCH, SWATH,
SWATTLE,
to swathe, to swaddle.
Brockett.
to tipple, to guzzle.
Compare WATTLE.
1
Swattkr,
a guzzler, a drunkard.
" At the sign o' the
To mourn
"
their hard case
Coach they byeth caa'd it befel, an to swattle some yell."

R. Gilchrist, The Skipper's Erudition.
swattler."
Thou sweet tongued
W.
Kelly, Teetotallers of the Tyne, 1854.
711
SWEARLE,
cast.
or
SWEEVEL-EYE,
an eye with a particular
Brockett.
SWEATREE,
(Obs.)
"
a contrivance formerly used for
moving
stones.
One
sweatree
stones."
with two rollers, for taking and laying down Welford, Hist, of Newcastle, vol. Hi., p. 298. Halliwell.
lair-
SWEE, SWEE,
out of the perpendicular.
Compare SWIN.
Swee,
a children's Sweigh, to see-saw.
see-saw or cross-plank.
Swey,
SWEED, SWEETH,
by the scythe.
a swathe, a row of
mown
grass as
left
SWEEL,
a gust of wind.
"
The wind cam
wi' sic a sweel
roond the corner."
SWEEL,
SWEEL,
a swivel. a
flat,
shallow basket.
See SWILL.
SWEEL,
to blaze, as a lighted candle does in a wind, or as a torch of tar does. Hodgson MS. Also to melt and gutter like a wasting candle.
"
The unsnuffed lights are now burnt And dimly in their sockets sweelin."
"
low,
pt.
ii.,
1827, v. 2.
SWEEL,
at it."
to roll about with laughter.
He sweeled
an' laughed
SWEEPLE,
14
a cudgel or short stick.

's
See SWIPPLE.
He
teuk a Sweeple up in
neef."
1686, p. 43.
SWEER, SWEIR,
pairt
win his money." " wis deed sweers ti move."

" Yet sweer
is
unwilling, loth, obstinate.
"He's
*
sweer
ti
He
wis sweer
ti
gan."
The
beast
That's
fitting for
she to don the dress a bride."
Robert White, Lady Jean, 1842.
SWEETISH, SWATISH,
"A
See SWAT. squat, low. round hill, probably natural, as some of the ground below is thrown into undulations of a sweetish form." Minutes of a Journey, Rev. J. Hodgson, 1814.
Z
712
S WELLY, SWALLY, a gradual depression or "dish" in a stratum by which it is swelled or thickened out over a limited area. A small basin or arch in the strata produced by
undulation.
ancient coal-measure miniature Swellies, or local thickenings of coal Lebour, Geology of Northumberland and Durham, second valleys, in fact." ed., 1886, p. 52.
"
SWEORD,
SWERLE,
SWIRLE.
hesitation.
a sword, also a stalk of the yellow
iris
or segg.
to roll from side to side in walking.
Brockett.
See
SWIDDER,
SWIGGY,
to doubt, to hesitate.
Brockett.
Brockett.
Swidders, doubt,
See SWITHER.
a swing.
Compare SHUGGY and SHUGGY-SHOE.
SWILL, SWEEL,
open basket used ordinary swill is a very wide and shallow "basket, round or oval in shape. " Like like a litter of whelps in a swill whulps iv a swull a common saying expressive of a mixed up condition. Swills, carried on the head, and reversed in wet weather, were
[N.], a large
for carrying clothes, potatoes, etc.
SWULL
The
facetiously called in Newcastle Quayside umbrellas. " There was scrushin, an pushin, sic a mixture o' folks, Wi' sweels, pillow slips, cuddy cairts, an' lang pokes." E. Corvan, d. 1865, The Rise
in Coals.
SWILL,
to rinse or
wash
out.
Brockett.
Swillins,
rinsings,
hog-wash.
SWIN, SWUN,
to cut diagonally or taper wise, to gore.

"
?
ye swinnin the end

she cuts her stuff
"Are an enquiry made of a dressmaker as See GORE. to an angle to make the gore.
is
SWINE-BRANKS,
an arrangement of sticks strapped across the necks of swine to prevent their passage through hedge gaps.
a pig-stye.
SWINE-CRIEF, SWINE-CREEVE,
CREEVE.
See PIG-
SWINE-SAIM,
hog's lard.
SWINE-THRISSEL,
the sow-thistle, Sonchus
oleraceus,
L.
SWING,
a long and strong rope by which a fishing-boat rides attached to the fleet of herring nets when let out at sea.
713
SWINGLE-TREE, SWINGLER,
bar in horse gear.
a single-tree or draught
SWINNEY,
SWIPE,
Brockett.
7
small beer
Newcastle.
Halliwell.
(Obs.)
dregs.
to drink off to the
very bottom.
Swipes,
SW IPPLE, SWUPPLE, SWINGLE,

which
strikes the straw in threshing.
the
part of a
flail
SWIRE,
the hollow or declination of a mountain or hill, near Like the term " neck of land," the swire is the summit. the lower neck which connects the higher eminences in a The word occurs in Reed-swire, between chain of hills. Carter Fell and Hound-law in Acobe-swire and in White;
;
swire in
Northumberland.
SWIRLE
(pronounced sworl and sworel), an eddying blast of wind, a whirl of water in a stream or pool, a curl or turn in the hair.
" Applied to express the gliding of a small runner of water and to the motion of a snake or asp as it glides from its basking place into a thicket." Hodgson MS. "The Swirle. a small runner that emptied itself into Sidgate" (now Percy Street, Newcastle). M. Phillips, Archaologia JEliana, vol. xiij.,
p. 234. " runner of water, called anciently the Swirle, at present, vulgarly, the Squirrel, divides Sandgate, near the middle." Impartial Hist, of Newcastle, '1801.
SWIRT,
"
to squat as a hare.
to
See SWAT.
"
SWITCH,
He
go quickly.
He
switched past like a shot."
wis gan at a switchin rate."

large.
SWITCHIN,
"
Twe
cheps, wi wings se switchin." R. Emery, Pitman's Dream II.
p. 188.
SWITH, SWISH,
an exclamation, imitative of the sound of a
sudden, swift stroke. " The farmer
returning from market, he wades Thro" glaure, and follows a light that he nears, When smith in a bog hole he's owre to the ears." The Ladye of Barmoor.
Minstrelsy oj the English Border, p. 54.
714
;
SWITHER, SWUTHER, a perplexity

state
;
a palpitating, nervous
a faint.
" It
Compare WHITHER, WITHER. set ma heart a pitty-pat,

put
And
me
in
a fearful swuther." T. Wilson, Pitman's Pay, pt.
iii.,
1829, v. 13.
SWORD,
sword."
the connecting rod between the treadle and the crank
of a spinning-wheel.
The
connects the spears with the bucket
iron rod, in a mine pump, which called the " bucket;
SWORD-DANCERS,
who annually
" perform. They are armed with wafters," which are held aloft and woven into intricate forms in the dance.
companies of men,
in
fantastic dress,
SWULL.
See SWILL,
i.
SW UN,
T
aslant, off the perpendicular.
See SWIN.
fellow."
SWUTHERIN,
WITHER.
strong.
"A
swutherin
Compare
alive
"
!
SYEKS SYKES "

!
" For
a' syeks I
etc.
an exclamation, varied as " Syeks See SIKES.
SYEUT,
soot.
Syeuty, sooty.
pipit.
SYEUTY-WULLY, the meadow

SYKE, SIKE,
See MOSS-CHEEPER.
a small rill, the feeder of a burn. As burns are the tributaries of rivers, so, in turn, are sykes the tributaries of burns. They are thus the uppermost ramifications of the watershade.
"
The mill
syke
the
or
in the Castle Leazes, commonly called Chimley Mill, upon rivulet." Bourne, quoted Mackenzie, Hist, of Newcastle,
p. 711, n.
"
When aw was young

I
and
;
lusty,
But now aw'm awd and
could loup a dyke
stiff
An' can hardly step a syke." Song, Sair Fail'd Hinny (old version).
SYLES,
the principal rafters of a building.

a red deposit from chalybeate water resemblance to rusty
SYMMONS, SIMMONS,
foutid in old colliery workings. From its iron it is also known as reed and canker.
715
SYNE,
thereupon, afterwards.
11
Simey Haa gat lam'd of a leg, An' syne ran wallowin hame."
Surtees, Ballad of Featherstonhaugh.
TA, TE, TI
(the vowel very short), to, as sign of the infinitive, or as a preposition where the word following begins with a consonant (otherwise tiv, til, or tin are used). Te is also used " te-morn " or " the morn," to-morrow. occasionally for the, as " Ta or te is also used for tkou. " What thinks ta?" " Seesfo ? seest thou ?), used in query, or as a mere interjection. (literally,
"
What canny
little
weyges we used ta hae ta pay." George Chatt, Old Farmer, 1866.
TA,
TAE TYEN
[T.],
[N.], TEYEN [S.], (pronounced toy), TO, the one as distinguished from the other.
TONE
Compare TEAN.
" The ta side seem'd merry, the t'other side moan'd." Joco-Serious Discourse, 1686. " For the trespasse thou hast me done, The tone of us shall dye." Battle of Otterburn.
G. Stuart,
TAAM, TAWM,
fishing.
TOWM
go to
[W.-T.],
a rod line of hair for
Compare WIP.
to doze, to " He'll sleep. syun taam ower." following words.
slit
TAAM,
Compare DWALM and

into five
TAAS, TAWSE, " "

toes
a broad leather strap, having one end or fingers used for smacking children.
;
TAB,
the end of a strap outside the buckle. a tatter, a torn piece of garment.
part of the entrails of a sheep and pig.
flap of anything,
TAB,
TACK,
a small prop of coal, sometimes left in kirving a jud, it until the kirving is finished, excepting knocking out the tack. A punch prop or sprag is sometimes used for Green well, Coal Trade Terms, 1849. Tack, the same purpose. stitch. a Tacksman, the holder of a Tack, a lease.
to support
temporary
"
lease.
The fishermen
Island.
Holy
Hist, of
receive from the tacksman 6d. per stone." B whs. Nat. Club, vol. vii., p 36.
Johnston,
716
nailed with tackets.
TACKETY,
"Tackety byuts."
TACKLE,
to accost. Also to undertake a job generally " Aa'll tackle that suggesting a difficulty to be overcome. job the morn." And to engage in conflict with an antagonist.
;
TAFFY
(toffy), candy made from a mixture of butter, or dripping, and sugar, baked till quite hard. Claggum is the same, but with treacle as the ingredient instead of sugar.
TAGAREEN,
marine stores. A " tagareen man" has a floating which he rows about the tiers of ships, announcing his shop presence by a bell. His dealings are carried on by barter or and old rope, scrap-iron, or cash, as may be convenient other similar unconsidered trifles, are exchanged for the crockery or hardware with which the boat is stocked.
;
TAIGELT,
"
encumbered, hindered, delayed. To taigle, to tarry to delay to procrastinate. Now dinna taigle.' "
' ;
;
Jamieson.
TAIL, TAIL-END,
*
" 7^7-bord," the back board Cairt-fotf," the rear of a cart. " of a cart. Tail-crab," the capstan on which the spare rope
of a crab is wound. Tail-end," the shallow end ot a pool of water. " Trt*7-pipe," the suction pipe of a pump. " Tail o' the " week," the latter end of the week. Tail-rope" the rope by which the empty set of tubs are drawn back into a mine, the rope which hauls put the full tubs being distinguished as the "
'
the rear extremity in the following terms.
main-rope."
TAILOR'S MENSE,
manners.
Brockett.
a small
portion
left
by way of good
TAISTREL, TYESTRAL,
villain, a loose fellow, a
a sour-tempered churl, a rascal, a contemptible person. Often, like the word villain, used playfully in speaking of an ill-mannered boy or of a person given to play pranks.
TAIT! an
exclamation of remonstrance.
that."
"Tait!
man
alive,
ye manna de
TAIT, TATE, TYET,
a small wisp or lock a small quantity " tait of straw," a handful. of grass, hay, straw, etc.
;
TALLY,
to keep count of goods. In delivering cargoes, one of the porter-pokemen usually " keeps tally." The number of bricks, or cheese, or bundles is counted as they are passed from hand to hand, the last man but one repeating the If the articles are counted singly they are figures aloud. but instead of calling out called out up to the nineteenth "twenty" the word tally is substituted; thus "eighteen, The score is then marked by a simple nineteen, tally." After four strokes are line drawn with a piece of chalk. made, the fifth is drawn through them diagonally from left to right, like the cross-bar of a field gate, and the symbol one hundred is thus indicated. In counting articles that can be lifted in groups the tale is thus five, ten, fifteen,
;
made"
tally."
TALLY,
iron
to crimp with a " tallyin-iron." Tallyin-iron or Tally" (probably Italian" iron), a hollow, round cast iron about an inch and a half diameter and nine inches long, one end open to receive a heater the other smoothly rounded. It is mounted on a stand and used to make the series of wavy smaller iron is known as a folds in women's caps.
;
"
piping iron." " 'Twad ha'e dune yor een good, iv a Satturday To've luik'd at wor kitchen se canny
;
neet,
The
pan-lids, an' tallys, an' snuffers, se breet,
Luikin doon frae the shelf on thor Nanny." Letter. J. P. Robson, Nanny Jackson's Bards of the Tyne, 1849,
p. 236.
TALLY-I-O
rhyme.
THE GRINDER,
It is referred to in
the owerword of a song or Swalwell Hoppin, where "The

:
kilted lasses fell tid pell mell, wi Tally-i-o the Grinder, O." child's song in Newcastle used to have this refrain
"
see the dogs dance; Aa went ti' France When aa cam back the ship was launch 'd,
ti'
Tally-i-o the grinder."
TAM-THOOM
c&ruleus,
(Tom-thumb)
[N.], the blue
titmouse, Parus
L.
TANG,
the part of a knife or other instrument which runs up into the handle, the pointed end of a shoe-lace, the tongue or projection of a thing.
TANG, TANGEL, TANGLE,
sea-weed applied to sea-weed generally; and especially to Laminaria digitata, L. "He's getten fower cairts o' tangel led for manner" (manure).
;
TANG,
a noise by striking a metallic surface. tang bees when swarming by beating on shovels, tea-trays, or tin vessels, to induce the swarm to settle.
to
make
Countrymen
TANG, TENG,
"
to sting.
Brockett.
Tang, Teng, a sting, an acute pain."
TANG-O'-THE-TRUMP
Used
the tongue of a Jew's-harp. [N.] figuratively for the active partner in a commercial firm, or the principal person, or chief spokesman, in any outbreaking of popular violence. Brockett.
,
TANK, TANK-WASTE,
the insoluble sediment from the dissolving tanks in alkali works.

[N.], an icicle.
TANKLET
TANKEL.
See ICE-SHOGGLE and TINKEL-
TANKLIN,
dangling.
"
He toss'd the grey gyus ower his back, An her neck it hung tanklin doon, O."
1
Old rhyme.
TANNERS,
TANSY,
"
roots, as the tanners of a tooth, corn, etc.
the village feast held on Shrove Tuesday. The fund was expended in refreshments for the (football) players after the game was ended, consisting of hot ale and cake, ad libitum, the
'
called
feast being followed "
The Tansy:
by a dance. This feast the villagers (of Rothbury) D. D. Dixon, Shrove-tide Customs, p. 4.
TANSY-CAKE,
a girdle-cake flavoured with tansy. Tansypudding, a pudding made of flour and eggs and seasoned with tansy. It is still occasionally met with. Tansy-tea^ an infusion of the herb.
tall,
TANT,
high in the mast a sea term. " The Quayside always was too big, As scullers have attested Tant ships that come with rampant
;
;
rig,
Against
its
sides are rested."
R. Gilchrist, New Song for Barge Day, 1835. Bards of the Tyne, p. 397.
TANTER,
TAPE,
to quarrel.
Brockett.
(applied to a farm worker who has instructions from his superior to order his fellow- workmen).
authority.
"
He
hes the
"
tape
TAPPET,
a piece put on a shoe.
TAPPY-LAPPY,
"Aw
so oad
running blindly at top speed or rushing " The twee boxers went ti'd aimlessly and furiously. tappylike a lowse winda shutter flappin i' the wind." lappy,
Mary commin
tappy-lappy our the Stobcross Hill."
T. Bewick, The Howdy, 1850, p. 10.
TAR,
a taw, the medium size of marble used to shoot or fire with in boys' games. It is smaller than a " bullocker " and larger than an ordinary sized marble. See ALLEY, BULLOCKER. " Set on tar" to relieve any one who has got into low water and enable him to go on again.
fierce,
"
TAR.
TARN,
crabbed.
-
Just pinch'd to deeth, they're tarn and snarly." T. Wilson, Pitman's Pay, pt. ii., 1857, v
5-
TARRIBLE,
degree.
terrible. Used constantly as a mere adverb of "It's a tarrible wet day," "He's tarrible slaa win his " It's a tarrible bad " Thor's a tarrible site o' wark," job," i' that weeds crop," etc.
TARSET-AN-TARRABURN,
or rallying cry of
YIT, YIT, North Tyne men.
YIT
a slughorn
" Upwards of fifty years ago the old people used to relate how, in their early days, young men from the districts beyond Bellingham came to Stagshawbank in groups or clans for no other purpose than to provoke a fight, which they never failed to do. When the well understood battle cry of 'Tarset and Tarraburn, yet yet, yet !' resounded through the fair, then dogs and human beings joined in a scene of wild confusion."
{
R. Forster, History of Cartridge, 1881,
p. 45.
TASH,
TAT,
to
a moustache.
"
Him
wi' the task."
mat
to
together.
" In tats"
in
clumps or matted masses.
TATH,
"
manure.
Tathing, on a piece of land.
dropped.
A tuft grown where dung has been manuring by the droppings of cattle fed
Hodgson MS.
Tath, rich soft grass without seed stalks."
TATIE
Taties-an'-ddb, potatoes (a long), TETTY, a potato. boiled in their skins. Tatie-apple, the fruit and seed of the potato. Tatie-champer, a Tatie-boggle, a scare-crow. Tatie-graip, a potato masher. Tatie-garth, a potato garth. fork with flat prongs, used for digging potatoes. Raa-tetty, an uncooked potato carried in the pocket as a cure for
720
"Just the
tatie" tatie" just the thing, exact, suitable. not to be trusted. Tatie-pit, a long
rheumatism.
"He's not the
ridge or conical heap of potatoes, carefully thatched with straw or dried fern, and covered with soil to exclude frost. Tatie-lot, a thousand yards of potato drill allotted to a hind, " one of his " conditions or wage payments.
TATTER-WALLETS, TATTER-WALLOPS,
malion, a ragged person. wears a much-torn dress.
tatterde-
Often applied jocosely to one
who
TATTERY,
TATTY,
Ragged.
fleece.
frayed out.
" She had on an aad

"
tattery
goon."
What a tatty heed Nanny hes." matted, tangled. Tatty -Jack, a sheep with a ragged and tattered
bold, impudent.
tail
TAUNTRIL,
"To
1686, p. 26.
turn thy tauntriVs
on me."
TAVERN,
"
1580.
probably to erect a cottage (taberna) and apportion a piece of land with the same. Cot or cwot-lands are cottage allotments. See quotations below. (Obs.)
Regality of
Hexham.
Six score copyholders unfurnished,

'
are
bound by their copies to find horse and armour, who taverne their Bain, land,' and give it by will as though they were freeholders."
i.,
Border Papers, vol.

"
p. 22.
any Inhabitant here hath gotten anye Interest in a Tent beinge scant sufficient for the menteignaunce of one pson yf he chaunce to dye having two sonnes he devydeth the said Tent betwixt them bothe and thus the taverninge of the Queynes land ys hinderance for kepinge of hors and armor." Berwick, 1575. Letter, Sir John Forster. Rec. Off. Foreign, Eliz., vol. cxxxiv., No. 153 Quoted, Creighton's Northumbrian Border, App. iij., p. 35.
When
TAWPY, TAUPY, TAPPY

rollicking,
a [N.] a headstrong, untidy girl a foolish and sluttish garrulous young woman woman. " She's a reg'lar tawpy." " She's a greet tappy, an' a canny bit throwother ti boot."
, ;
TE.
See TEE.
or
TEA-CAKE,
with yeast.
WIG,
a sweet cake with kneading,
raised
TEAKERS,
a running of watery matter from Northumberland. Halliwell. See TEICHER.
sore
721 "
TEAN, TYEN,
the
tean,
and what
one of two, as opposed to tother wi' the tother." See TA, 2.

tithed.
What
wi'
TEAND, TEIND,
P- 377-
" Robert Lewin, of Newcastle, Nov. 26, 1562, bequeaths to his wife the teand corn of Ravensworth, etc." Welford, Hist, of Newcastle, vol. ij.,
TEASER,
a
a care, an annoyance, a difficult problem.
" That's
teaser for ye,
noo."
TEASER,
The glassa fireman at a glass-house furnace. house teasers wore broad-brimmed felt hats, with arm-guards and greaves of the same material, to protect them from the " hand-hats" of thick felt, to scorching fires. They also wore enable them to hold the long iron teasing pokers, etc.
" You must have furnacemen The Coal Trade, 1818.
to teaze
and rouse the
fire."
John Adley,
TEAVE, TYEAV,
TEE,
This
to walk heavily through dirt or snow. " Tired wi' teavin through the snow." Hodgson MS.
the letter T, as in the expression " is probably short for tittle.
It fits
him
tiv a tee."
TEE,
to, too, also. in earnest.

"
" Buckle tee" to buckle to or start

lots o'
work
We'd
bonny
lasses, fe."
pt.
iii.,
1829, v. 30.
TEEDY,
chil< Id."
" She's peevish, fretful, tedious to do with. " As varr teedy as a varry teedy wiv her bit teeth, poor thing."
cross,
TEE-FAA, TEEFALL,
lean-to roof.
"
Tee/all,
buttress,
sloping
support,
a
in
See TUEFOLD.
mode
of building in
Halliwell,
the penthouse form,
common
Northumberland."
TEEL
[N.], a blue, marly clay, commonly called blue teel, one See of the unstratified clays of the boulder-clay formation.
TILL.
TEELYTOON,
a teasing, fretful, wearisome child.
722
TEEM,
to pour out, to empty. In loading ships with coals the contents of the waggons are said to be teemed down the loading spouts. Teemin bye, or teemin ower, is laying coals aside at bank instead of sending them away in " teem waggons. In a heavy downpour of rain it is said to an' rain." the man at a coal shipping staith who Teemer, lets the coals out of the waggons. Teemin-hack, a fork with teeth set at right angles to the shaft, used for hauling " Teemin stable manure out of a cart in the field. muck," " Teem the emptying manure from a cart with a teemin-hack. waiter oot o' that pail." Compare TYUM.
TEEM,
to strike out a bolt from a bolt hole with the aid of
another bolt.
TEEM
TEEN,
"
[N.]
thin.
" He's varry teem leukin."

a birdies, and teen and tears wi' me." A. C. Swinburne, The Tyneside Widow, 1888.
1
grief.
Weel be
wi' you,
TEEP
[N.],atup.
TEER, TEAR, "to work
at high speed, to run quickly, to eat He's tearin through wi'd." " He cam tearin voraciously. " He'll tear " Tearin an' eatin." alang." through his bait." 11 teerin fella," a headstrong, swearing, tearing man.
TEER WAR,
ascend the
a signal that
men
are ready at the bottom to
pit.
Mining
Gloss. Newcastle Terms, 1852.
TEESICKER, TEEZIKER, an overpowering quantity. When a man has got a task that overtaxes him, or an overdose of medicine or too Uesicker"
much
drink,
it is
said,
"He's
got a
TEETHRIFE, toothsome. TEHEYTEED, tatted, matted

and combined
locks),
(as
when
the hair
is in
matted
unkempt.
T. Bewick, The Howdy, ed. 1850, p.
10.
" His teheyteed hair stannin up."
TEHUHM,
empty.
See TYUM.
TEICHER, TEIGHER,
It is to ooze from the skin. generally used in the participial form, teicherin (pronounced A newly-broken skin on which matter is just tie-heerin). forming is said to be teicherin, as when maggots are on the skin of a sheep, or when a watery humour issues from a
wounded
place.
723
TELLERS,
tell
the successive strokes on a church bell, rung to the sex and age of a person just deceased. It is usual at village churches to knell the sex of an adult by nine strokes for a man, or six strokes for a woman, repeated on each of three bells. For a child three strokes are given and similarly Then follow a number of strokes on the treble repeated. bell to indicate the age, each stroke counting one year. In some places the age is given first.
"
4
The
length of the
toll
gives the age of the departed
this is followed
by the tellers, nine strokes for a man. Hence the proverbial expression Nine tailors (tellers) make a man,' &c." R. Blair, Proceedings Newcastle
Society of Antiquaries, vol. iv., p. 302.
TELLY-PIE, TELLYPIOT, TYELPIOT, TELLYPIETIT, a

"
tell-tale. Telly, talkative, and pie or piot, a magpie. Tellypie-tit, yor tongue shall be slit, an' aall the bairns i' wor street shall hev a little bit," is the children's rhyme shouted after a tale-bearer.
TEMPLE RODS,
TEMSE,
TEN,
a sieve.
long hazel rods used in holding thatch, the ends being held down by "scoubs."
down
See TIMSE.
a piece of arable land in the common field. To each freehold burgage at Warkworth was attached one ten and " one " scribe of land in Newtown. The tens measure from eighteen yards long by eight and a quarter yards wide, or about five perches upwards, to six and a half perches in area. Their size has varied by gradual encroachments upon road or waste lands as circumstances permitted. See SCRIBE. a measure of coals upon which the lessor's rent or In the seventeenth century the term meant is paid. It now means ten score bolls, barrows, or corves of coal. usually about fifty-one and three-quarter tons, but varies in
TEN,
royalty
places.
TENDER,
in a pit,
the former
name
for
a small rapper or
signal rope.
TENDER,
mind."
Also a soft friable, as coal that is easily broken. " The or crushed condition of strata. top's varry tender
t
TENNEL,
to die
away
applied to trees.
Brockett.
TEN-O'-CLOCK,
a light repast taken at that hour in the field, " " He' ye had yor ten-o' -clock yit ? especially at harvest-time. " Fower-o'-clock," the same at four p.m.
724
a strong nail
;
TENPENNY-NAIL,
its
probably so-called from
weight (ten pennyweights).

;
TENT,
in the expression to " care take care of, take heed to. guard,
Tyek
tent"
To
tend,
"When
Foxes preach
"
tent
well your Geese."

lad
G. Stuart, Joco-Senous
Yon yauld
That
tents his flocks
on the mountain side." James Armstrong, Fair Joan, 1879.
TENTALE,
of coals.
rent paid to the lessor of coal at so

2.
much per
ten
See TEN,
TETHER-GRASS,
TEUF,
the Galium aparine, L.

difficult.
tough, tedious,
"
"
A
'
teuf job."
'
Teufish, in
good condition, strong, tough.
He
1
stares
i'
maw
Aw's
teufish,'
fyece an' says How d'ye de ? says aw, Canny man, how are ye
'
'
"
T. Moor, The Skipper's Dream.
TEUFIT, TUIFIT,
the peewit, Vanellus cristatus, Meyer. " Called also peesweep, lapwing, and crested lapwing. Teufit " is the name of a farm near Ponteland. Hill Teufit-land, So-called Tuifit-land, cold, damp, bleak and barren ground. from being the common haunt of the peewit.
a laboured effort.
TEW,
as frequently used in a plural form, as u sair tews" excessive *' exertions. Man, we'd sair tews amang us to manage wor " reached the Moor wi' sairish tews." Tew, Tue, keel."
" Aa'd a hivvy tew
ti
get here."
It is
We
and struggle with a difficult undertaking to work laboriously and continuously to suffer distress through work *' to crush and crumple a dress. Aa've or rough handling "Tew'd ti deed," tew'd at the job till aa's paid" (beaten). " Tewin on" "Tew'd ti bits" overcome with exertion. "Me goon wis aal tew'd" my dress was all struggling on. rumpled and crushed.
to toil
; ; ;
TH.
In Northumberland the initial Th is always retained, The medial th often and is never shortened to a mere T'. becomes d thus hather and hadder (for heather), slither and slidder (to slide), weather and wedder (a sheep), are 'almost
;
equally
common.
thatch,
" Thack hoose
THACK, THAK,
See THEAK.
"a thatched house.
725
a' thae smeyuk Compare THAME
THAE, THEE,
thonder?" and THOR.
those,
that.
''What's
folk," etc.
"Thee kye," "Thee
THAIRM, THARM,
thairm."
"
catgut,
fiddle-strings.
"As
dry as
Lovingly plied hair and thairm together" (that
is, played the fiddle). Northern Minstrels' Budget.
THAME,
"
them, those.
train'd to
Thame days the sarvin lads was
de yen's biddin."
Geo.
Chatt, Old Farmer, 1866.
THARF, THARFISH,
forbidding.
" She's like liver in texture. Tharfly, slowly, reluctantly. " tharfly (said of a clock that appeared to be ready " " to stop at any moment). spoke tharfly aboot it spoke
lumpish, heavy-countenanced, " sad," heavy, Applied to substances it means
gan varry
He
with hesitance or reluctance.
THARF-KYEK, THAAF-KEAHYK, THAF-KYEK, THARTH-KYEK, THAUGH-CYEK, THARFY, an

unleavened cake made of barley-flour and wheat-meal with milk, rolled out very thin, and hung over the fleaks in the A thicker tharf-cake was kitchen or baked on a girdle. sometimes made of hinder-end wheat, pea-meal, and dressed
"
chisel,"
"
baked in the oven. They had twoalve bayrnes, an' brout them o up
1
ti
men and women,
an' tho' they never gat owse better than thaaf-keahyk, crowdie, an* milk, or tatees an' soat, they war as reed-cheekt an thriven, an' leuked better than the swire's bayrnes, or ony gentlemen's on Teyneside." T. Bewick,
The Howdy,
etc., ed. 1850, p.
n.
THAT
"
(adverb), so. that dark we couldn't see 'Twas an awful dark neet, aw mind what we wor taakin aboot." E. Corvan, The High Level. "Trouts that thick i the Thrum below Rothbury." Rambles in
;
1
Northumberland, 1835, p. 69.
THE, THI
or * short), is heard in " Jfo-day," to-day; or " the -morn's morn," to-morrow; "tffo-neet," to-night; "the-noo" or "ye-noo," now, just now; "ffo-reckly" or " z^-recklies," directly, instantly "//^-gither," together.
(e
"the-mom"
THEAK, THEEK, THAKE, THAK,

Thak-nails,
pins or stobs for fastening
also strabrods.
Compare SCOUBS.
also to thatch. thatch. Called Theaker, a thatcher.

;
thatch
down
THERE-OR-THEREABOUTS,
just about, approximately.
726
THIEF AND REAVER BELL.
At the time of sounding the curfew on the evening of the day on which each fair was proclaimed, the great bell of St. Nicholas was rung, and called by the common people the thief and reaver bell. It was meant as announcing that the fair had begun, all people might freely enter the town and resort to it, no process being issued from the mayor's or sheriff's courts without affidavits being made that the party could not at other times be taken. Richardson, Newcastle Municipal Accounts, p. 90.
the floor of a coal seam.
laid to "
THILL,
On this, flat deals of beech " form the " ways for the sleds or trams. A holey thill was one of these tramways when worn into holes by the passage of the trams. The underlayer of a coal seam frequently consists of a thin bed of firehence thin strata of that material are called thill, clay irrespective of their position with regard to a seam of coal or any stone partaking of the nature of indurated clay is Thus " thilly metal," " metal thill" " limestone called thilly. thill" " sand thill," " stone thill," " thill stone," etc. "The Thill, or bottom under the coals you would work." J.C., Compleat
wood were formerly "
; ;
Collier, 1708, p. 14.
"
The
thills
or underclays of coals."
Lebour, Geology of Northumberland,
etc.,
second
ed., 1886, p. 12.
THINK-ON,"to
think-on."
remember, to recollect, to remind. oney thouten-on." " Thou mun think on of onions tee."
If aa'd
"
Aa
didn't
T. Wilson, Market Day, 1854.
THINK-SHYEM,
" to feel ashamed or abashed. Wey, man, common should think shyem!" Thinksta, thinkest thou ye " don't colloquial form, generally used interrogatively for you "What "It'll be as well to de'd, thinksta?" think?"
;
thinksta t
noo?"
THIRL,
to bore, or drill, or perforate with a light, swiftinstrument, and hence also intimately to penetrate moving the affections. Hodgson, Northumberland, pt. ii., vol iii., An old Thirlins, passage-ways in coal mines.p. 149, n. term.
THIRLAGE
A bondage. Hodgson MS.
"
(used
common
by metathesis
expression
for
thralage),
thraldom,
in
Northumberland.
Compare THRALAGE.
pt.
ii.,
Thirlage to this day means that service of certain lands, the tenants of which are bound to take their corn to grind at the lord's mill."
vol.
iii.,
p. 149, n.
727
THIRLWALL,
former times.
one of the names given to the
Roman Wall
in
THIRST,
a thrust.
See THRUST.
a round stick, usually of willow, peeled fifteen inches long and three-quarters of an
THIVEL, THYBEL,
about inch in diameter
;
or barked
used to
stir
porridge.
It is also called
a porridge
pirtle.
THOCK,
"
to breathe heavily or pant with exertion. little Andra Karr, plishplash throw the clarts, thockin and blowin." T. Bewick, The Howdy, etc., ed. 1850, p. 10.
Here cums
THOFT, the thwart or seat athwart a boat. THOLE, to bear, to endure. " Aa canna
To
;
thole nee langer." wait enduringly, to wait for, to defer, or deny oneself of a " No, thank ye aa think aa can thole." Used requirement. also in rallying one whose person or character requires
improvement.
" "
We can
He
aa
thole
amends."
Northumberland proverb.
that hath a
good crop
may
thole
some
thistles."
Newcastle proverb.
THON, THONDER,
*'
yon,
yonder.
is
"
Whe's
"
Whe's
thon
hoose ower there
chep?" "
?
who
yon man?
De
thon ?" or ye see thon
" Thonder he comes." J. P. Robson, d. 1870, Song of Solomon,
Northumberland
version, ch.
ii.,
v. 8.
THOO,
wilt.
sometimes shortened to tu or ta. Thoo'll, thou thou art or thou shalt. Thoo is only used by Used in intimates, or by a superior or senior to an inferior. any other way it expresses the greatest possible contempt for
thou
;
Thoo's,
the person addressed. " That no man of the said fellowship use any unfitting or any vile words of occasion of any strife or debate, as to thowe or belie one another, or draw any dagger, &c." Saddler's Ordinary, A.D. 1533. Welford, Hist,
of Newcastle, vol.
'
ij., p. 136. " Mendicus : God save my gud maister and maistresse, the barnes, and all this halie houshade. Our Father whiche art in heaven, hallowed bee your names, your kyngdome come, your willes be doen in earth,' &c. Methinke I doe heare a good manerly Beggar at the doore, and Civis : He thous well brought up. reverently he saieth his Pater noster not God, but yous him. " Bullein, Dialogue, 1564, E. E. Text Society,
'
How
p. 541
Wour
dance began awd buck-tyuth'd Nan,' An' Geordy thou'd Jen Collin, O."
J. Selkirk,
Swalwell Hopping, 1807.
2A
728
THOOM-ROPE,
it
a short straw-rope, extemporized by twisting on the thumb of the right hand whilst the length required is drawn evenly through the left hand. It is used for securing bottles of straw as they are brought from the stack.
THOOTLE, "
langer
" Aa to endure, to wait. cannot be put off any longer.
canna
thootle
na
THOR, "
are.
THIR,
a'
THUR
what are
What's
thor"
Thor, thors, their, theirs.
those ? " Some Thorsels, themselves.

all
[N.],
THAE, THEE,
o' thor
those.
days." Th'or, they

Elliott,
"Tell thor greet folks what we're thinkin aboot." Pitman gan ti Parliament.
Robert
THOUT, "
much
a thought, a small quantity of anything. was ashamed or bashful.
"
Aa
thont
THOWEL,
THRAA,
fault.
a thole-pin.
See THYEA.
THOWLESS,
wanting in energy, useless.

of vertical displacement of a Doonthraa, the low side of a rise hitch or elevated side of a fault smaller than an "
fault.
;
the throw or
Upthraa,
amount
stratum occasioned by a
a
applied
when
this is
upcast."
THRAA,
to turn by force, to twist. A fowl is strangled by " " Thvaa the "thraain an' reein its neck. key" turn the " Thvaa the mooth " to twist the key in its lock. mouth, to make a wry face. Deed-thraa, death throe, the last agony. Thraa-cruck, a crank with a hooked end, used for twisting strawAn old sickle is sometimes made into an extemporized ropes.
thvaa-cvuck.
THRAAIN -THE-STOCKIN, THRAAIN -THE-BRIDE-
KYEK. Customs formerly in vogue at weddings. When the bride returned from church and had arrived at her new home, she was lifted down from her horse before the door and some cake was thrown over her head for luck. Sometimes the plate was also thrown along with the cake. At a later stage the bride's stocking, taken off the left leg, was thrown by her over her left shoulder among a waiting party of lads and lasses. The one on whom it fell was to be the next married of the company.
a
flail
THRAIL,
729
difficulty.
THRALAGE, thraldom, bondage,

times written
thirlage.
pecuniary
"
?
Some-
THRANG,
"
busy.
" Are ye thrang the day
thrang as Throp's wife Old saying. cloot."
As
when she hanged
hersel wi' the dish-
THRAVE, THREAVE,
a measure of corn or straw; applied also as the term for a portion of tillage land (query, as much as produced a thrave of corn). thrave of straw equals two stooks of twelve sheaves each, that is twenty-four sheaves,
ninety-six
"
1571.
pounds
in weight.
Thos. Cuthbert of Howick deposes that a thrave of wheit would be but a keninge of corn for that ever a thrave wold be but a kening of corne of no [sic] grain." Depositions at Durham Consistory
Court.
"
Item,
taken by the Scottish Army, A.D.
1643
(at
Nafferton
in
Northumberland), Imprimis, of hard corn seventeen score thraves, at two thraves a boll, &c. Item, of oats twenty-three score thraves and seven odd, at two thraves a boll." Hodgson, Northumberland, pt. ii., vol. i.,
p. 219, n.
THREAD,
a horizontal parting in a stratum.

threads
Thready, filmy,
R. Scott,
in thin layers. " White
post, or freestone without Ventilation of Coal Mines, 1868, p. 35.
or
facings."
THREAP, THREEP, THREPE,
to aver with pertinacity; especially used in speaking of persistence in a false accusation or assertion. threaped threaped doon through." " He a lee i' me doon
"He
"He
thump." "To threap or

"
to persist in
fyess." threaped threap down (North-Country word), to affirm positively, a thing obstinately." New World of Words, 1706.
Yet
still
aw
When aw's
threep't
cannot help but wonder, out o' what's se clear." T. Wilson, Pitman's Pay, pt. iii., 1829,
v. 38.
THREAP-LANDS, "THREAP-GROUND,
" debateable lands ownership of which
on the Border
disputed.
a name for the the term for land the
is
" All the claymers and chalongours of the landez callid Eatable landez or Threpe landez." Truce of 1449, Rymer's Collection, vol. xii., p. 244.
" Threapvfood, as its name imports, had once been debateable land." Hodgson, Northumberland, pt. ii., vol. iii., p. 369. "Part of Wooler Common is still undivided, owing to disputes
It is called Threap-ground.' Denham, Folk Lore of respecting it. Northumberland, etc., 1858, p. 55. From Dead Water, North Tynedale, " a long tract of land stretches southward, which was formerly Debateable Land, or Threap Ground but which, in 1552, was divided by agreement between the proper officers of
1
both nations,"
Mackenzie, Northumberland, 1825,
vol.
ii.,
p. 257.
730
a thrust, especially applied to the of pain in the bowels felt on pressure.
THREAST, THRIST,
internal
"
Aa
sensation feel a thrist."
See PREESE.
THREE-HOLE-TEAZER,
a game at marbles, played with three holes scooped in the ground. a seam of coal about threequarters of a yard in thickness. Three-quarter-man, a wellIn collieries, the trams were formerly grown, strong lad. dragged along by a boy who held two "soams" in his hand " and pulled, whilst a stronger lad " put from behind. The a "foal," "foaley," or " quarter-man," boy in front was called and if there were disparity between the two the stronger lad behind was known as a three-quarter-man. If the two lads were of an equal strength they were called "half-marrows."
THREE-QUARTER-COAL,
"The
foul or
3 Quarter Coal
about 3 Quarters thick or more,

Compleat
all
which are
bad Coals, and not worth much."
Collier, 1708.
THREESOME,
by three persons.
three together. Threesome reel, a reel danced So also twosome and fowersome.
THREE-THRUMS, "the
singin t hree -thrum s P
purr of a cat.
"
D'ye hear pussy

"
See THRUM.
THREEVELESS,
bootless.
" his errand," one where the messenger is sent with fingers with insufficient information, and consequently in his mouth"
sleeveless, useless, bootless.
threeveless
THREGH, THRE
market.
from. [N.] " 'im comin thregh the market

,
variant of fve\
9
"
Aa
kept
met him coming from the
THRIBBLE, THREBBLE,
thribble
threefold.
"Ye've paid
just
as
much
for'd as
ye owt."
tin,
THRIFT-BOX,
an earthenware,
or
wooden receptacle
for
children's savings.
THRIMMEL, THRIMLE,
fingering.
"
"
to squeeze out between finger and thumb, as money is dealt out especially to finger in a niggardly manner, to dole out or pay with careful or reluctant
;
He
thrimmel'd out
what he'd
to pay." T. Wilson, Pitman's Pay,
pt.
i.,
v. 67.
The
parish now, wi' miser's care, Mun thrimmel out some sma' relief."
The same,
pt.
iii.,
v. 53.
73!
in the hand. are similar terms
THRIMMEL,
To
to catch fish
by clutching them
or to
kittle,
guddle, to gump, to tickle, applied to the operation.
THRIMPT,
Monny
pressed closely. " His hands in his kwoat pockets, beayth thrimpt owr his thees."
etc., ed. 1850, p. 10.
T. Bewick, The Howdy, " oh them
thrimped in."
The same.
THRISSEL, THRISTLE, "

carduus.
Queen Anne's
thrissel,"
the C. Mariamis.
his "
"
a thistle, any plant of the genus thrissel" Carduus nutans. "Milky
Bog
thrissel" the C. Palustris.

buffoon, walking in the
tree, vol. ii.
"Old Sandy Armstrong, a cunning

Capheaton, and laying what a muckle thristle.'
woods
at
hands upon a large holly

Raine, Life of Hodgson,
exclaimed, 'Ah,
THRISSEL-COCK, THROSTLE-COCK,
Turdus musicus, L.
mavis.
the song thrush, Called also grey bord and (on the Border)
THRIVEN,
thriven"
well nourished.
They leuked reed cheek'd

to thrive.
Brockett.
an'
THRODDEN,
throddy,
to
make grow,
Hence
throdden
and
plump,
froth.
fat,
well thriven.
THROF,
"
Throf, a curious metathesis for froth, peculiar, northern district." Embleton MS.
it
is believed, to this
THROPPLE,
the wind-pipe properly, but commonly used for " " Let's wet wor the neck, the throat. let us thropples drink. Thropple, to throttle, to grasp by the throat.
[S.]
,
THROUGH, THRUFF-STYEN
THROWF
;
[N.]
through stone, a bond or tie-stone going through the entire thickness of a wall. Probably confounded with through, from the gh side to side, and thruff, a stone coffin or grave slab having usually the sound of /in the dialect. See THRUFF.
THROUGH-GAN,
To
a thorough reprimand or taking to task. take a person through-hands, to reprimand or examine a person. a season of difficulty. "
THROUGH-GYET,
gvet that
What
a through-
man's had."
732
;
THROUGH-OTHER,
;
a place or person badly arranged without a plan hence applied to an aimless and confused condition of mind. " A varry through-other place this, mistor." " He's a through-other body."
THROUGH WAYS,
11
through-and-through.
T. Thompson,
Gentle, semple through-ways nudged, Like burdies of a feather."
Jemmy Joneson's Whurry. Allan's Collection, 1891, p. 51.
THRUFF,
originally a stone coffin. Now applied either to the " table " long stone slab laid on a grave or to the so-called once common in churchyards. See THROUGH. tombs,
" Roger Headley of Newcastle desires to be buried in St. Nicholas' Churchyard, nigh unto the throughe within the churchyard on the south
side."
Will, 1561.
Welford, Hist, of Newcastle, vol.
ii.,
p. 369.
THRUM, "
The cat's happy d'ye hear hor thrumminP " name at Rothbury for the narrow rocky channel of the Coquet. " To thrum " is to drum, to make a " drumming noise, and the common saying at Rothbury, It's
to purr.
"
"
The Thrum
is
the
hear hoo the Thrum's roarin," suggests that the name originates from the thrum or sound made by the cascade. Strum and thrum both mean making a noise. Thrum, the thread end of a weaver's warp. Thrums or waste ends of threads were sold as ties for bags, " We'll never care a thrum." Thrummy Cap, puddings, etc. the name of a well-known local sprite, who was supposed to wear a cap or bonnet made of parti-coloured thrums, or weaver's ends. He haunted especially the cellarage of old mansions.
gan to be bad weather;
THRUNTY,
THRUSH,
short, thick-set and sturdy. a healthy, well-conditioned child.
"
thrunty bairn,"
a traditional sprite or boggle.
See HOBTHRUSH.
THRUSSEN
expression appeared.
"
(p.p.),
thrust.
It is
The buds hes
thrussen
used intransitively in the " the buds have oot
THRUST, THIRST,
colliery
when support has been

;
;
the crushing down of the roof in a too far worked out.
THUD,
a dead, heavy blow also the sound caused by a dead blow applied also to the dull and heavy report made by the rending of the strata far overhead when the coal has been extracted. Greenwell, Coal Trade Terms, 1888.
"
Ye wad thought his feet was myed He gaw sic thuds wi' dancin, O."
o'
styen,
Song, Wreckington Hiring.
733
THUMB. To
avoid the power of the evil one it was formerly the custom to clasp the hand over the thumb. This prevailed all over Northumberland. The power of the rowan tree was Even the thumbs imperfect without this added precaution. of the dead were carefully doubled within the hand in order to avert the evil spirits.
large, hearty.
" Here's thumpin luck to yon toon, Let's have a hearty drink upon't." W. Watson, Bards of the Tyne, 1849, p. no.
THUMPIN,
THUNNOR-CUP, THUNDER-FLOWER,
Papaver
rhceas,
the field
poppy
Wall.
L.
See COCKENS.
THWARTNER, a name formerly given to the THWART-SAW, a cross-cut saw. Brocket*. THYEA [N.] the thole-pin of a boat.
,
Roman
TID,
to
it.
INTID,
"
into
it.
OOTIND,
mell."
J. Selkirk,
out of
it.
The
kilted lasses
fell tid pell
Swallwell Hopping.
TID, MID, MISERA, CARLIN, PALM, PASTE-EGGDAY. The Vulgar here in the North give (these) Names to
Sundays in Lent, the first of which is anonymous. I suspect that the three first are Corruptions of some part of the the beginnings of antient Latin service on these days, perhaps " " Te Deum," "Mi Deus," Miserere mei." Psalms, &c.
Brand, Popular Antiquities, 1777, and PASTE-EGG DAY.
p. 328.
See CARLIN SUNDAY
TIEHEERIN
TEICHER.
[N.], discharging matter from a
wound.
See
TIE-POT, TIE-TOP,
a garland.
fingers
Brockett.
TIFFLE,
Jamieson.
"
to
employ the
much about
anything.
Brockett.
To
entangle, to
mix and knot threads
together, to ruffle."
TIG,
a sharp blow or bat. LAST-BAT-POISON.

"
Tiggy,
the
game
of tig.
See
TIGHT.
TIL,
to.
As
"
tight
just as soon.
See TITE, ASTITE, STITE.
See Tiv.
734
TILL,
[N.], hard shale, platy or splitting into plates in the lines of the stratification. Also boulder-clay. See
TEEL
a
TEEL.
TILLER,
11
waggon break
called also a convoy.
lever of wood, called a Convoy, or Tiller, is applied to both the hind wheels of the waggon which regulates its velocity." Mackenzie, Hist, of Northumberland, 1825, vol. i., p. 148.
A strong crooked
TIME,
" Aa apprenticeship or time of engagement to serve. sarved me time tiv a shoemaker." Time, the journey once across a field in agriculture. Time-aboot, a double journey in field work, extending from heedrig to heedrig and back again.
Compare LANG-LANDIN.
TIMMER, TIMMOR,
beams
" Cross timber. timmors," the cross of a building. to personal qualities it means Applied " He's no' the timmer o' that man." size, strength. Support, victuals are called belly-timmer. Timmer -leader, the man food, who leads or conveys timber, etc., to the working places in
pit.
TIMMERSOME, timorous. Brockett. TIMMER-TYUN, a poor, thin voice.

TIMSE, TEMSE,
a sieve. A square timse, with a fine hair bottom, was formerly used for sieving flour or meal. Timsesticks, the small frame supporting two laths or sticks on which the timse slides. The timse-sticks were placed on a table or sometimes fixed on the meal ark. Timse-breed, bread made from flour thus sifted. The dressing of flour and meal was formerly done largely in the house.
to.
TIN,
See Tiv.
"
TINE,
to lose.
For
The ane
to tine the gear and Simmy too, to the tither's nae relief."
Ballad, The'JFray
o'
Hautwessel.
TINE,
to shut, to enclose.
Brockett.
TING,
urticaria, a quick and fatal disease in cattle, formerly very prevalent, and still not uncommon. In this disease the blood is found curdled or coagulated at death.
TINGAL,
prevent
it
a patch of
leaking.
wood put over
a rent
in
a coble to
735
TINKEL-TANKEL,
TINKER,
gipsy.
an
icicle.
[Alnwick]
See ICE-SHOGGLE.
the ten-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus pungitius, L.
TINKLER,
a tinker, an itinerent vendor of earthenware, a See CRAMER, MUGGER.

"
A stalwart tinkler wight was he, An' weel could mend a pot or pan." Roxby, Reedwater Minstrel, 1809. away
;
TINNEL,
TINT,
to die
applied to trees.
Brockett.
went.
" Safe ower the bar a-heed we tint The day was fine an' sunny An' suen we left afar behint, Wor land o" milk an' honey."
;
R. Gilchrist,
d. 1844,
Voyage
to
Lunnin, 1824.
TINT
See (p.p.), lost. " It had tint

"
TINE,
its
i.
companion."
Sheldon, Minstrelsy of the English Border, p. 180.
TIN'T,
to
it.
He
went on
tin't."
TINY-TINY,
the proclamation when anything is found. claimant answers " miney-miney." See TINE, i.
tipsy.
The
TIPPED, TIPT,
TIPPLE,
lightly. " farrest
to topple, to throw over, to fall over; to touch of trippet and quoit is played either as batter" or "tippler saves." Brockett.
The game
TIPPY,
smart, fine, modish, tip-top.
"
Tippy Bob."
Brockett.
TIP-TAP-TOE,
TIRL,
a child's game, played on a slate.
to strip off, to tear off, to produce a noise like the sound of tearing or flaying anything. To " tirl the bed-claes," to off the bed-clothes. To " tirl a stack," to unthatch it strip preparatory to threshing the corn. Slates are said to "come " tirlin doon when they are stripped off in a gale. " Tirled To heels up," suddenly overturned or turned inside out. " tirl at the " tirl at the door," to pin," to make a tearing or " or door handle with a "titling grating noise on the "pin Doors were formerly provided with a long, notched, ring."
736
iron handle on
which a loose iron ring was hung. Instead of rousing the house with a knock, the caller tirled the ring up and down the notches of the " tirling pin," or handle, and produced the sound from which the apparatus took its name.
"Winds loud blew, And threat to tirl
"
wi' fury flew, the riggin." Lewis Proudlock, Cnddie and his Crawing Hen.
When
She
tirled softly at
she came to Lord Beichan's gate, the pin." Lord Beichan. Northumberland Minstrelsy, p. 67.
tirsin
TIRSE,
TITE,
to truss.
" He's
hay."
In the sooner
soon, lief, willing usually joined with as. " Titer him nor me" comparative form titer is used. See ASTITE, STITE. or rather him than myself.
;
TITLARK, TITLIN,
It
the meadow pipit, Anthus pyatensis, L. consorts with the cuckoo, and is sometimes called cuckoo's titlin hence the phrase " gowk and titlin" used to describe an incongruous pair or association of any kind. The bird is also known as mosscheeper, syety Wull (sooty Will), and Sandy.
sister.
"
TITTY,
Care wiv his bleer-e'ed
titty
Grief."
pt.
iii.,
v. 23.
TIV,
used when a vowel follows. The alternative forms of to the preposition are ti (before a consonant), and tiv, til, or tin (when followed by a vowel or mute aspirate). Tiv is sometimes used for until. " Deeth winna come tiv he's ready." Aw waddent let him gan tiv aw browt him ti maw muthor's hoose."
;
11
J.
G. Forster, Song of Solomon, Newcastle version, ch.
iii.,
v. 4.
TOCHER, TOUGHER, TOWCHER,

"
dowry.
a reckoning of 400!. between me and my son, William Brandling, I will that he shall have zool. of it as towcher and marriage money, which I gave him with my daughter Anne." Will, Welford, Hist, of Newcastle, vol. ij., p. 433. 1569. " It's no your Tougher I account, Tho ye're nae warse for having on't." G. Stuart, Joco-Serious Discourse, 1686, p. 30.
Whereas there
is
TOD, DODD,
a fox. Tod's-tail, common Tod-hole, a fox hole. club moss, Lycopodium clavatum, L. Tod occurs in place-names, as Tod burn, township in the parish of Long Horsley Todridge, township in the parish of Hartburn also a hamlet near Bingfield, etc. See DODD, 2.
; ;
737
TODDLE,
to
walk
quietly.
Aa'll just
be toddKn."
to
TOD-LOWREY, an expression used " My word, here's Tod-lowrey comin."

TOFT.
frighten
children.
Brockett.
It appears most probable that it was a piece of ground on which the cottage and offices of a servile holder It may have got stood, perhaps including a small garden. its name from the clump of trees amongst which each cottage
was placed.
adjoining.
"
the one the
generally found in conjunction with croftum, the other a small close Greenwell, The Boldon Buke.
It is
home and garden,

toft,
One
burgage, one
and a
croft in Aydenbrigges."
Inquest at
Cartridge, 10 January, 1583.
Harleian MS., 759, p. 43.
TOKEN,
mark
a disc or strip of metal or leather having a distinctive number on it. In a colliery each hewer attaches his token to the corf or tub of coals as it is hewed and sent out-bye, in order that his work may be identified and duly reckoned to his credit on its arrival at bank. Token-cabin, the office on the heapstead where the tokens are examined and sorted by an account-keeper called a token-man, whose assistant, called a token-lad, removes each token from the tubs as they are teemed by the banksman.
or
TOM-AND-JERRY,
its
a catcall.
at
TOM CANDLESTICK,
TOMMIES
an upright pole, etc., with pincers head to hold rush candles. Hodgson MS.
AN' BESSIES,
the country
name
given to the
Christmas sword-dancers.
TOMMY, a little loaf. Brockett. TOMMY-ALLANS, the Sclavonian A not uncommon winter visitant.
grebe, Podiceps auritus, L.
TOMMY-LODGER, a loach.
and
beardy loach.
Called also
lie
loach,
Meggv lotchy,
L.
Called
TOMMY-NORIE,
also coulter-neb
the puffin, Fratercula

sea-parrot.
It is also
arctica,
called Tommy-noddy, a name which is commonly applied to people of abnormal " Tommy -noddy ; big appearance and of dwarfish stature. heed an' little body" a street-boy's gibe.
and
TOM -TIT,
the blue titmouse, Parus caruleus, L.
Also called
blue-bottle, blue-cap,
and
ox-eye.
738
a toffy
TOM-TROT,
called
grass
made with
treacle.
See CLAGGUM.
TONGUE-BLUIDERS,
and
tether-grass.
a name for Galium aparine, L. Also Robin-run-the-dyke, Robin (or Lizzie) run-the- hedge, grip-
TOOBERIN
tooberin,"
[N.]
a beating, a shaking.
" Aa'll gie yea good
TOON,
a town ; but constantly applied to a steading or group of farm buildings with the adjacent cottages. Toon-gate, the Toon-heed, Toon-foot, the upper and lower village street. extremities of the village street. The suffix -ton in placenames is prevalent in Northumberland and little less so in the county of Durham. In Northumberland it occurs nearly two hundred times. In forty-eight of these the form is
;
-ington (Wallington, Ovington, etc.).
TOOT,
to look out.
Tooting-hole, a
spyhole or loophole.
See
TUTHILL.
TOOTLE,
hair."
to play the flute, to play a tin whistle.
TOOZLE, TOWZLE,
TOP,
" to rumple or ruffle. Toozy, Towzy, in disorder, shaggy and
He
toozled a'
me
unkempt.
in mining, the portion of coal that has been kirved and nicked and is ready to be blasted or wedged down. Top, the blue flame above a candle or lamp, variously called the top, cap, or show, whose appearance indicates the presence of fire-damp in the mine. Top, in spinning, the quantity of flax " rock " at a time. put on to the
" If
ma
top
comes badly doon."

pt.
i.,
1826, v. 75.
TOPIT,
the instrument which is screwed into the top length of a set of boring rods, under which is fixed the runner for Nicholson, Coal Trade lifting the rods with the jack-roll. Terms, 1888.
a story that excels, anything superior.
TOPPER,
TOPPIN,
head
;
See CAPPER.
the top knot or the tuft of hair on the top of the
also a wig.
" Stolen or taken out of a stable in the Walk Knowles, &c.,a dark Bay Gelding (having), a black main, a toppin Part long, Part short Hair, &c." Advertisement, Newcastle Courant, December i, 1722. " Her toppin pinned and padded neat." T. Wilson, Pitman's Pay, pt. iii., 1829, v. 12.
739
TOPS, TOPS.
roll
the best sheep or lambs in a flock.
Compare SHOTS.
In playing with peg-tops, if the top spin aslant and " it is called The player next in turn is slenty." entitled to take " slenty one" that is, the top being laid in the ring or "boorey," one shot at it is taken. If the top fails altogether to spin it is called " deedy-three," three successive shots being allowed, the object being to peg it and " Ivverlastin " is when a split it. top fails to roll clear of the ring after spinning, when it must lie till it is either split " " or knocked out of the " boorey." is the Hangy-nine become penalty of nine shots incurred when the top has " " entangled or hung in its string. Missy-boorey-ten means ten shots for missing to spin within the boorey.
away
TOP-SAWYER, TOP-SAAYOR,
the man who stood on the log and guided the cut when sawing was done by hand in a saw-pit. The bottom-sawyer, or man in the pit below, simply pulled down the saw, and wore a mask to save his eyes from The head or chief in any kind of the falling sawdust. business is from this sometimes called a top-sawyer. the head
TOPSMAN,
bailiff.
man
or
(Brockett.)
The head man
manager, the chief hind or in charge of a drove of
cattle.
" Cattle came periodically in droves, or drifts, sometimes extending a distance of two miles. They were always under the charge of one man who was called a topsman, and who had a pony to ride on." Forster,
Hist, of Cartridge, 1881, p. 100.
TOP-TAILS, head
the seat."
over heels.
"
He was
tossed
top-tails
over
TOP-WATTER,
coal mine.
water percolating through the roof of a
TOR.
"
feet
a conical
hill.
Kirknewton Tor
of the Tors, conical
to
is
the chief of
Newton
Tors.
The towering peaks

above sea level."
hills,
James Hall, Guide

straight. "
reets
bit wife,
J.
the highest being 1,762 Glendah, 1887, p. 69.

to
TO REETS, right, "

mended.
" Put
to
nets"
put right or
Keep
Peg,
to
keep orderly.
Secret.
"
Noo
maw
had kept a' things to reets." P. Robson, d. 1870, Bob Stacker's Bards of the Tyne, p. 212.
fall.
TORFEL, TORFLE,
'To
to founder, to die, to
Brocket*.
pine away, to die; to relapse into disease."
Jamieson,
740
TORMIT,
Tormit -brick, a break or partition in a a turnip. Tormit -mornin, one of the turnip field netted off for sheep. " gaady-days" formerly kept by pit lads. Tormit holidays or See GAADY-DAY. shaw, a turnip top. Compare NEEP and
NEEP SHAW.
TORN-THE-TYENGS,
TOSH,
to turn the fire-tongs.
on a journey one of the family turns the

a projecting or unseemly tooth
[N.]
, ;
In setting out fire-tongs for luck.

Brockett.
a tusk.
TOSSELL, TOSSLE
TOTE,
all,
to rumple.
tote"
See TOOZLE.
whole.
"
The whole
Hodgson MS
" Tote
and whole."
TOTY, TOATY, bad

"
91
totey
body.
Hodgson
tempered. MS.
irritable,
TOUCHOUS, TOUCHIS, "

Mind hoo ye speak
tiv
touchy, easily offended.

totichis."
him, he's varry
TOUCHY,
touchpaper.
Called also matchy.
It is still
carried
for
by old hinds, and ignited by using a

lighting pipes in the fields.
frizzle
and
flint
TOUGHT,
TOUT,
TOVE,
a struggle, an altercation.
"
We hed
a sair tought"
to spy, to look out.
See TOOT.
Brockett.
TOUTED,
followed or pursued.
to make a dense smoke. Tovin, making a great smoke " Here he comes, tovin an' smyukin," said by burning briskly. of a man smoking a pipe.
[N.]
,
TOW
a small rope or painter.
Tow
to tease,
See OTHER
Tow
A
employment.
TO TEASE.
" His horse
;
better never
hang
i'
leather,
Nor ever drew i' tow or tether, 'Tween Tyne and Tweed."
Poems, T. Donaldson, Glanton, 1809, p. 63.
TOWEN, TOWN,
"
to subdue, to tame.
;
To
' '
horse.
tame, especially by beating Jamieson

.
as to
towin,
or town, an unruly
"Aw think,
And
says Dick, aw wad her towen, verra suin her courage cuil." T. Wilson, Pitman's Pay, pt.
i.,
1826, v. 64.
741
TOWLING,
among boys
whipping and teasing horses. A former practice at Newcastle Horse Fairs. Bwckett.
TOWT, TOWTCH,
"
old rope, oakum made of old rope yarns teased out. Also pieces of spun-yarn or a single strand of tarred rope cut into convenient lengths and used as lashings.
Their physic, they say, in a trice, Snaps ev'ry disease like a towt ;
But the best
Ye can
get
on't a' is their advice it free gratis for nowt." Quack Doctors. Ross, Songs of the Tyne, p. 8.
TOW-WUDDY,
trailed.
the piece of chain by which harrows are In Scotland this is called trodwiddie, and the backband or chain of a cart-horse is called a ngwiddie. The " " widdy or willow was in former times used instead of rope.
See
WIDDY and CUT-WILLEY.
TOYTE,
to totter as in old age.
TRADGY,
a boys'
game
and formerly called
at ball, otherwise pie ball locally.
known
as rounders,
TRAICKLE-WOW,
TRAIGLES,
traik efter
treacle beer.
slovenly, untidy work.
TRAIK, TRAKE,
them."
a walk, a set journey.
"He
hed a lang
Compare RAKE and OUTRAKE.
TRAIK, TRAKE,
the carcase of a sheep that has died a It is also known as fa' en meat (fallen meat) natural death. Traik is a general term for all dead mutton, as and saf.
distinguished from butchered mutton it is often salted and " used for food. Braxy," on the contrary, refers to death from a specific disease.
;
TRAIK,
to look languid as in bad health, to appear pale and consumptive looking. Traiky, unwell, in declining health. " To drop the wings as do poultry out of health." Brockett.
in mining,
TRAIL-JUD,
an excavation made narrow at
first
and then increased
to the required width afterwards. "Drive forward three or four yards narrow, and then take offajud sideways to make the board the proper width." Greenwell, Coal Trade
Terus, 1888.
TRAIL-POKES, TRAIL-WATTLES,
a very slow person.
742
TRAM,
as " square wooden rails laid in two right parallel The tops lines, and firmly pegged down on wooden sleepers. of the rail are plained smooth and round, and sometimes covered with plates of wrought iron. About the year 1786 cast iron railways were introduced as an improvement upon the tram or wooden railway." Mackenzie, History of Northumberland, 1825, pp. 146-7.
describe
I
the sledge or carriage on which corves or tubs were Trams and tubs are now made in one. formerly carried. Sometimes tram was applied to the two lads in charge of it "Half a tram," the work of one called a "tram of lads." Horney-tram, a tram putter where two are engaged on a tram. having 'four iron horns and used for conveying pit-props, etc. Tram-plate, an angle-shaped rail on which trams were run before flanged wheels became general. Trams [N.], cart or barrow shafts. Tramway, originally a tramway of timber
;
" The wages for the barrow-men is usually about twenty pence, or two and twenty pence a day for each tram (that is to say) for putting so many loaden corves, as are carried on one sledge, or tram in one day to the pit
shaft."
1708. J. C., The Compleat Collier, p. 39. " Weill batterit with a barrow tram."
Dunbar,
"
d. 1530,
Maitland Poems, p. 93.
There
Twee
my horse, and there is my tram ; horns full of grease will make her to gang." Old song, The Collier's Rant.
is
Northumberland Garland 1793.

',
" Trams
now
a run on metal ways." T. Wilson, Pitman's Pay, pt.
ii.,
1827, v. 67.
TRAM,
to take a conveyance.
"
why he from Durham came, Can tell yon best himsel, But home again he'd better tram,
Liddell,
Or, we'll send him to hell." Northumberland
election squib, 1826.
TRAMP,
thrust.
the part of a spade on which the foot is placed to Tramp-clog or Tramp, an iron plate worn by drainers It is a piece of iron plate as a guard to the boot in digging. fastened by straps and buckles to the instep of a boot sole, and used as a guard where the spade is trodden in digging.
a person
TRAM PER,
and
who
selling things
he carries about.
earns his livelihood by tramping A beggar. Hodgson MS.
TRANCE,
"
a passage in a house.
Westgarth Forster, Section of Strata,
A trance or passage into a house."

ed., 1821, p. 242.
second
743
TRANSLATOR,
a Castle Garth cobbler. Worn boots and shoes were bought and cobbled, or translated, into wearable articles by those now nearly obsolete craftsmen, whose shops lined the Castle Garth Stairs in Newcastle, and divided the Black Gate shops with those of the old clothiers. " But man, when the Garth aw espied, Aw was nowther to had or to bin, man For translators and tailors aw cried, But the devel a yane aw could find, man."
;
Song, The High Level Bridge.
TRAP-DOOR,
an air-door in a >pit. and shuts the air-doors in a pit.
Trapper, a
boy who opens
" In the olden time, the early years of a pitman's life that is, from the time of his taking his seat behind the door until he took up the picks to hew or in other words, from his being a trapper at six years of age until he became a hewer at about twenty were nearly all spent belaw,' with frequently only very short intervals for rest." T. Wilson, Pitman's
'
Pay, preface, 1843.
TRASH,
to
" Ye'll trash the

fatigued or
wear out with overwork, to fatigue excessively. " Aa's trashed ti deed " life oot on't."
worn
to death.
in a
pit.
TRAVEL,
board, a
to
walk
travelling-road
or travelling-
road provided for the workmen in a colliery to go to and from their work without going on to the engine plane. Travelling-money is an allowance sometimes paid when the working places are a great distance from the shaft. Nicholson, Coal Trade Terms, 1888.
TREE-CREEPER,
bird
is
wood
This the creeper, Certhia familiaris, L. a resident, found throughout the district wherever Hancock, Birds of Northumberland, etc., p. 30. prevails.
TREED,
an injury caused by trampling. When a horse has injured himself by setting one foot on another he is said to have " getten a treed." Treed-road, a beaten path.
a flower-pot.
is
i.
TREE-POT,
TREET,
called "sharps
the second quality of bran. The finest quality " and the coarsest " chizzel." See CHISEL,
TRENAIL,
and
is
Used in building tree nail, a wooden nail or pin. old frame houses and ships. The trenails of a cart are the " " bolt " is made of metal, wooden " stours round its sides.
distinguished from a
trenail.
TRESSES,
2B
the frame of a table.
"
The
tyebl
tresses."
744
This strong form (p.t. of treat; p.p., tretten), treated. " The bairn had been always used. badly tretten." " They'll myek the cheps 'mends for the way they been tret."
Battle on the Shields Railway.
TRET,
is
Bards of
the Tyne, 1849.
TREWES,
truce. "Days of trewes," on the Border, were those when the commissioners of both kingdoms met for the redress of grievances, during which time a truce was observed. The articles agreed upon were styled " the laws
of trewse."
(Obs.)
TRICK-HOLE,
by a layer of
a trap filled with water or mud and concealed turf supported by small twigs. boys' game is to place this in the path of an unwary passer.
TRIFLED,
or grain.
beaten
"
down with wind

trifled
or rain
The
applied to grass
corn's that
thor's
nee gettin't cut."
TRIG,
the starting line in a race, which may be either a stretched cord, a stick, a post, or an imaginary boundary. " " Toe the " Come trig keep your toe on the starting line. " is shouted when a false start has been back ti the trig made. To " stand her trig" to " stand his trig" to stand ready to begin either at a social dance or on the bowling course. Trig, neat, spruce, true, reliable. Trig, to brace up, A contracted sinew is said to be trigged. A nut to tighten. screwed up until it is quite tight is also said to be trigged.
"
" Trig as a lennard (spruce as a linnet). Newcastle proverb. " Hail, rain, or blaw, 'mang sleet or snaw, ye'll find wor boolin men Watchin the trig."
Ed. Corvan, Tyneside Champions, 1862.

"
"
My
loyalty's trig."
Your courage
is trig,"
R. Emery, Sandgate Pant.

Allan's Collection, 1891, pp. 49-299.
TRIM,
TRIM,
to castigate.
" Aa'll trim yor jacket for ye."
to cast in and level the coals as they are loaded at the of a ship. Trimmer, the man who trims or spreads the coals in a ship's hold as they are shot in from the drop or
hatchway
spout.
"A
set of
men
called trimmers,
the coal, or trim the cargo."
who with shovels and rakes distribute Greenwell, Coal Trade Terms, 1888.
TRIMMING,
hair dressing. The term occurs throughout the books of the Company of Barber Surgeons at Newcastle.
745
TRINCKUMS, "
He
odds and ends, trinkets

on the table."
(?).
laid his trinckums 1686, p. 60.
TRINKLE, TRINDLE, TRINNEL,
to trickle; applied to the action of stones or earth in running down steep planes. To throw any material in heaps so as to separate or examine it as it gravitates in this manner.
"
I
employed two steady men

i.,
to dig
and
trindle
the earth adjacent."
Archceologia jfEliana, vol
p. 100.
TRINNILIES,
TRIPET,
kitchen
small coals, but not dead small.
CHINNEL and CHINNELY.

fire for
Compare
an iron grating placed on the top of (and across) the pans to rest on. A trivet.
TRIPPET,
a trap or piece of wood made with a shallow pocket at one end for a ball, pointed at the other, and set up at an angle, so that on being tripped or struck the ball is jerked up in the air. Trippet- and -quoit, the game in which it is used, played with a ball or quoit, called a "liggy,"
The player holds in his hand a originally a ball of wood. flexible hazel-stick or cane, to the end of which is spliced a " heavy wooden head called a buck." The trippet is tapped when the quoit or ball springs into the air, and is smartly, struck in its descent, the object being to drive farthest. The distance is measured by paces or by the number of rigs across which the quoit or liggy has been driven.
"
On
cock-fight, dog-fight, cuddy-race,
Or pitch-and-toss, trippet-and-coit, Or on a soap-tail'd grunter's chase,

They'll risk the last remaining doit." T. Wilson, Pitman's Pay, pt.
i.,
1826, v. 28.
TRIVEETCH,
in a stable.
TRIBEETCH, a partition between two stalls Triveetch-post, the post at the rear end of a stall.
TROD,
The
"
a beaten path, a track. The treading part on a stair. bearing or wearing rim of a flanged wheel, which is said that is, so many to measure so many inches "in the trod" inches diameter not including the flange. See HOT-TROD.
;
They may
hounde the
advyse," "A.D. 1563. Parties grieved to follow their lawful trade with hound and horn, with hue and cry, and all other manner of fresh pursuit, for the recovery of their goods spoiled." Nicholson, Leges Marchiarum,
p. 127.
lawfully follow their (stolen) goodes either with a sleuth by such other meanes as they best can Sir Robert Bowes, 1551.
trodde thereof, or ellse
" This path, or trod as it September 2, 1887, p. 6, col.
is
i.
locally called."
Newcastle Daily Chronicle,
746
TROKE, to truck, to negotiate with, to be on familiar terms. " He winna troke wiv him " will have no dealings with him.
TROLLY-BAGS,
" There's Sandgate for
a part of tripe. " Tripe and trolly-bags." aud rags,
you, hinny burd
And Gallowgate
for trolly-bags, you a."
Old nurse song.
Allan, Tyneside Songs, 1891, p. 30.
TROON, TRUNE, TROWEN,

trowel.
a mason's or bricklayer's
TROONS, TRONES,
applied to the common spring-balance. let's wee (weigh) this cabbish."
weighing scales, steelyards sometimes " Bring the tvones an'

;
TRONER,
Newcastle.
an
official
weighman
formerly
appointed
in
TROOTENS,
small trout.
"Bye! what
a lot
o' trootens."
TROUBLE,
break
in the
a fault or hitch in the strata of a pit also any subterranean continuity of a bed. Hugh Miller,
;
Geol. Survey Memoir, 1887.

" Troubles may be denominated dikes of the smallest degree, for they are not a real break, but only an approach towards it which has not taken a full effect. The strata are generally altered by a trouble from their regular site to a different position." Brand, Hist, of Newcastle, ii.,
p. 680, n.
TROW, TROU,
stratified
a trough also a dish or depression in rocks. Sleck-trow, a blacksmith's stake-trough. Trow-styen or trow-steahyn, a stone water-trough usually set under a pump or pant. Compare, in opposition "to trow, " = "= the of " b
; 1 '
pronunciation " through = thruff.
rough
broof,
plough
pleuf,
" Sit doon, Andra, on the trou steahyn."

ed. 1850, p. 10.
etc.,
TROWS,
a net. One man usually guides the trows with a pole or bang, whilst another stands with one leg in each trow, holding a leister in his hand ready to strike the fish. S. Oliver the
a double boat, consisting of two single, narrow, flatbottomed boats, each about ten feet long, fourteen inches extreme breadth, and twelve inches deep, united at the stem and diverging by an angular curve towards their sterns, which are braced together at the top by a piece of flat board. The trows is or was used in the North Tyne in spearing salmon in parts of the river where they cannot be taken with
Younger, Rambles
in Northumberland, 1835, p. 154.
747
TRUNKS,
small hoop nets for lobster catching. Each net is its mouth is kept extended by a hoop or ring of the same diameter. The ring is hung horizontally and the net is suspended just clear of the ground. A piece of fish, generally a piece of sand-dab, is placed in the net as bait. S. Oliver the Younger, Rambles in Northumberland, 1835,
about a foot deep, and
p. 210.
TRUNK-STAITH,
In a coal-spout at a shipping place. former times a coal-staith was called a "dyke," or trunk if a shoot or spout was used, and a "drop" if the waggon was lowered and discharged over the ship's deck.
"When
the waggons are emptied into a keel or vessel by a spout,
it is
called a trunk-staith."
Brand, Hist, of Newcastle, 1789,
vol.
ii.,
p. 256, n.
TRUP, TRUPPEN (pret. and/./, of tramp), trampled. TRUSSING-COFFER, a pack saddle probably of the
;
kind
that
"
we now
1437.
call a
portmanteau.
(Obs.)
Some thieves had entered a chamber in the inn of John Thornton, of Newcastle, where John Bonner, of Berwick, was lodging, and stole two chests, commonly called trussing-coffers, containing twenty marks in gold and more, and various obligations, &c., belonging to Bonner." Welford, Hist, of Newcastle, vol. i., p. 298.
TRYIN THE CANDLE,

mine as
to
judging by
its
appearance in a
the
air.
the proportion of gas present in Nicholson, Coal Trade Terms, 1888. See TOP.
TRYST, TRIST,
a place of meeting, a concourse of people, as

;
at a fair or cattle sale, etc. to appoint a meeting place. " At Alnwick there was a try sting tree by the side of the high carriage road, from the bridge at Filberthaugh to Hulne Abbey. In 1624 this tree gave its name to the wood in which it stood, which in a plan of that " Dickson, 1857, Hist, of B whs. year is called the Trysting Tree Wood.' Nat. Club, vol. iv., p. n.
'
At the base of the

party.
cliffs,
"where we were
trysted to
meet" the other
The same,
vol. vi., p. 180.
TUB,
originally a mining bucket, now specially applied to the open-topped box of wood or iron, mounted on wheels, in which coal is brought from the face to the surface. It has " supplanted the old corf," which was a basket carried on a tram. The tram and tub are now, in most cases, a single The tub, containing twenty-four pecks, has an structure.
inside
measurement of three feet in length, thirty inches in and twenty-six in depth. Tub-loaders, hewers who hew and fill the empty tubs at times when the pit is not drawing coals. "As to drawing of water, we generally draw it by tubs or buckets."
width,
J. C.,
The Compleat
Collier, 1708, p. 28.
748
a cant
TUBBER,
means
name
for a cooper.
Brockett.
TUBBING,
the circular water-tight casing in a shaft by of which water is tubbed or held back in the waterbearing strata cut through in sinking.
a small tub, a butter tub, or other small " kit."
TUBBY-KIT,
TUBE,
the upcast from a pit carried from the shaft, from a few fathoms below the surface, into a separate outlet, surmounted by a high chimney. It is also called a cube or
cupola.
TUCK,
the
fish, father-lasher, Coitus bubalis, Yarrell.
TUCKS,
TUE.
the posts used for holding weiring at a river side.
See TEW.
TUEDIAN,
in 1856,
characteristic of the Tweed, a term proposed by Mr. George Tate, of Alnwick, as a name for the lower part of the carboniferous limestone series of rocks on the south side of the Border that part of the series between the productal and encrinital limestones and the Upper Old Red Sandstone. Sections of this group of rocks occur in Northumberland at Garmitage Bank and Crawley Dene, six to nine miles west of Alnwick also in Biddleston Burn and below Linn Brig on the Coquet.
;
TUEFOLD, TWOFOLD,
"
'
1
a small outhouse.
See TEE-FAA.
Reed, of Mark Hobson for a year's rent for a Tuefold, 2s. 6d.' 1664. Paid for draweing of one Lease for Edward Wilson for the 1673. Churchwarden's Books, St. Andrew's Twofold aback of the church, as. 6d."
'
Church, Newcastle.
TUFT,
a bed of fine-grained, siliceous stone, like ganister, which occurs in the carboniferous series below the Great
Limestone.
It is also
known
"
as water
sill.
TUG,
to rob, to destroy.
To
tug a nest."
Brocket.
TUIL,
a tool, a simpleton. See TYUL. " This was wark for try in mettle, Here every tuil his level fand."
pt.
ii.,
v. 68.
TUING,
hard-working, energetic.
"
See TEW.
,
By Jove
thou
is
a tuing sow." E> Chicken, Collier's Wedding, 1729.
749
TUMBLER/TUMLER,
loose condition.
a boulder, a detached block of stone. Tumbler beds, strata of loose material. The upper portion of the Great Limestone (in the mountain or carboniferous limestone) is called the tumbler limestone or tumbler beds, from
its
Tumbling
stones, loose,
broken stones.
" About sixteen feet of the upper part of the Great Limestone is called the Tumbler beds." Forster, Section of Strata, 1821, p. 103. " There was a space of about twelve inches between each, filled up with tumbling stones, apparently to support the flags." Archceologia, jEliana,
vol
i.,
p. 101.
TUMBLER, TUMLER, a falling catch. TUNDER, tinder, Tunder-box, tinder-box.

"
The tunder was made by burning shreds or cuttings of linen. These burnt particles glowed when a spark was struck among them, and "
by blowing the glow spread rapidly. A spile tipped with sulphur was then thrust into the glowing embers and a flame was thus obtained. These " spiles," tied in bundles and ready tipped for use, were regularly sold and hawked in Newcastle till after the middle of the present century.
slender, weak.
TURBLIN,
TURBOT,
roddams.
the common land coast, Hippoglossus

the turbot,
name
for halibut
on the NorthumberCalled also
vulgaris,
Flem.
TURBRAT,
Rhombus maximus, L.
TURF-GRAFT,
"All
their
A.D. 1624.
a turbary or peat digging place.

att
sommeringes and sommering
Gatehouse, par. Bellingham with all Bellingham Deeds, places, turfegrafts, &c." Avchceologia, JEliana, vol. vi., p. 151.
landes the
TURN, TORN,
the order in which vessels are arranged to load at a coal-staith. Turn-book, a book formerly kept for the purpose at the Turn Office in Newcastle. Turn Act, an act passed in May, 1810, for regulating the loading of ships with coals at Newcastle.
" The sailors riding for their turns was one of the most laughable scenes that can be imagined." T. Wilson, Captains and the Quayside,
1843, n.
TURNING AWAY,
SWAPES.
commencing an excavation
in a mine.
TURNS, curved plates, used at a branch-off tramway. Compare
TURNTHRAA,
a lathe.
75
a truss of hay, etc.
TURSE,
TUSHALAN,
Plant Names.
the
colt's
foot,
It is also called dishalagie

tussilago.
mispronunciation of
Tussilago favfara, L. English " ; like tushalan," a Its general name is foal-foot.
TUTHILL,
Of frequent TOTE-HILL, an eminence. occurrence in place-names. The Tuthill-stairs in Newcastle ascend the eminence (called Tout-hill in Bourne's map, 1736) from The Close to Clavering Place. A field on the farm at Ulgham Grange is call the Tyut-hill. In old formal gardens a tout-hill was an artificial mound formed for the purpose of commanding a prospect. The word has nothing to do with It is the same as toot, to peep, to toot, to wind a horn. spy. "In a field, a little to the north-east of Hartington, there is a small
conical hill, apparently natural, but artificially terraced, which the Tote-hill." Hodgson, Northumberland, pt. ii, vol. i., p. 286, n.
is
called
TWAESOME, TWEESOME, TWOSOME,

together.
twee, in
11
In S. Northumberland two
tow.
is twee-yh,
two persons on Tyneside
N.
wad
Tweefad, twofold.
ha'e gar'd ye split your sides till hae seen a twae-some, when they grappled, rowlin ower and ower i' the water." S. Oliver the Younger, Rambles in Northumberland, 1835, P- 156. " Sair these twosome did regret
It
For canny
Billy's death,
man."
Robert Nunn, Luckey's Dream.

TWANG,
taste.
a sudden paroxysm of pain a pang. A quick pull, a sudden seizure a tweak or twitch. A slightly unpleasant
;
Brockett.
TWANK,
'
to punish with a strap or cane. a punishment.
T wanks
or twankin,
TWIKES, TWIKEY,
a game played with pointed stakes called twikes. The game is played by throwing a twike, which sticks into the turf. The opponent has to dislodge his adversary's twike and at the same time to fix his own into the soil. In another form of the game each player selects his home or base at ten or twelve yards' distance from a central spot. They then stand in the centre, and proceed to throw their pointed twikes until one fails to stick into the ground. The misser must then run to a fixed spot, whilst his companions commence to dig up the turf from his At the end of the game base, and to carry it to their own.
each player has presumably a hole and a heap of this acquired turf at his base, and if the turf when laid down A similar fails to completely fill the' hole a fine is inflicted.
game
in
some parts
is
called sticky-stack.
751
legs.
TWIKLE,
Halliwell.
to
walk awkwardly, as
if
with a twist in the
TWILL,
yarn on.
TWULL
TWULT
quilt.
[N.], a quill, a quill-pen, a spool to
wind
TWILT,
over a
[N.]
a quilt.
Twilted, quilted.
"
Her
Twitt, to quilt, to stitch fine twitted petticoat."
Twitting frames, the stretching Twitter, a quilt maker.
frames
used
in
quilting.
TWIN,
other.
to part in two, to divide, to separate one from the

"
In constant use. The Lawlands o' Holland hae

"
twinn'd my love and me." Old ballad, The Lawlands o' Holland.
;
Then With
out he drew a Gully-knife

that he twinn'd
me and my
Life."
p. 58.
TWINE,
to twist the mouth, to cry petulantly as a child does. Hence twiney, Twisty -twiney, a constantly crying child. " " She's but that applied to an invalid. twiney, poor body in a peevish, complaining condition through bodily is,
weakness.
When
"What afyece, begok! Had buckle-mouth'd Jock

he twined his jaws
J.
for the baccy, O." Selkirk, Swalwell Hopping.
TWINER,
ropes.
a hook-shaped instrument used See THRAA-CRUK, s.v. THRAA, 2.
for twisting straw-
TWINEY,
" a rope maker, doon the grund." twiney gan

;
He waaks
backwards
like
an aad
TWINTER,
some
"
two winters applied to a two-year-old steer in places, but usually to a two-year-old ewe.
sale,
For
gimmer
twinters."
Auctioneer's advertisement, 1887.
TWIST,
the junction of the inside of the thighs of a sheep.

Stock, 1801, p. 104, n.
George Culley, Live
TWIST,
Hodgson
griping,
twitching
in
the
bowels,
heartburn.
MS.
to cry.
TWIST,
See TWINE.
TWISTER,
a puzzle, a difficulty.
752
TWITCH,
This
is
a short staff having a loop of cord at the end. passed over the upper lip or nose of a horse and twisted until it becomes tight, and by it the horse is held during an operation.
in lead mining, the condition of a vein
TWITCH,
when
the
two sides or cheeks come close together, leaving little or no space between, and consequently causing a diminution or
failure of the lode of ore.
"The
in
twitch,
part.
when the sides of the vein come together is either total or Some of these twitches carry a small rib of solid ore right
Westgarth Forster,
Section of Strata,
through."
second
ed., 1821, p. 236.
TWITCH-BELL, TWUTCH-BELL [N.], TWITCHYBELL, an earwig. The names codgv-bell and forky-tail are
also used in
N. Northumberland.
to truss
TWITCH-UP,
up a bundle of hay or other material.

Called
TWITE,
the mountain linnet, Cannabinaflavirostvis, L.
also the heather -linty.
TWIZLE,
names
"She
"
to plait, to twist or double by twisting. In placeTwizell is a township in the parish of Morpeth, and Twizel or Twisel a township in the parish of Norham.
twizles
her hair."
Hodgson MS.
Hzu-twysle (now Haltwhistle), at the junction of Hautwysle Burn with the Tyne, possibly derives its name from the twizle of the two streams at that point. Twyford, at the junction of the North and South Tyne, has the same meaning." Hodgson MS.
TWYEE,
TYED,
toads.
or
TWYEE-AH-HA
the call
to a horse
when
coaxingly addressed.
a toad.
Tyed-riddins, Tyed-red, the spawn of frogs or Tyed-styul) Paddock- sty ul, a toad-stool.
TYEK,
catch.
a take or sudden painful sensation, sometimes called a " Aa've getten a tyek i' me side."
to take (pret., teuk or tyuk
;
TYEK,
Tyek doon, to set to take after, to show a " He likeness of. Tyek had, to take tyeks efter the fethor." call her bye, take it to one side or put it away. hold. Tyek from the banksman to the breaksman meaning that the cages are no longer required, and may be removed to any part of
p>p>, tyen).
down, to rate soundly.
Tyek
efter,
off,
the shaft most convenient to the breaksman (Nicholson). Tyek " The a caricature. Tyek off, to shorten. days hes begun ti tyek off." Tyek off, Tyek yorsel off, Tyek yor kite, begone, go
753
Tyek on, to become attached to, also to manifest away. concern or grief. " Bella an' him's tyen on:' " She did tyek on badly when she lost the bairn." Tyek tent, to take care, to use foresight. Tyek through hands, to reprimand. Tyek time, " to wait. Tyek time, till aa fetch ye the galloway." Tyek up, " The weather '11 to improve. tyek up yit." Tyek is somebut rarely, spoken on Tyneside as check. times,
TYEL-PIOT,
a tale-bearer.
one, in opposition to tother See TEAN, TA, tyen was like Hob Fewster's cowt."
Pitman's Ramble.
2.
TYEN, TEAN,
"
The
TYET,
a wisp or handful of grass, straw, etc.
See TAIT,
2.
TYUK, TUIK, took. Pret. of tyek, but used in the sense of " He " Ane tuik him on the struck. tyuk him sic a bat."
heed."
TYUL,
Y'or oney haddin him a tyul trouble, worry. only " had a fash " is to holding him a tease. To give one trouble. To had a tyul is to cause worry, trouble. Tyul, a tool, a simpleton. Had tyul, a hindrance, an annoyance.
[T.],
"
"
TYUM
"
TOOM, TEEYUM
train of tubs.
;
[S.
and W.-T.]
tail,
empty.
Tyum set, an empty

making a furrow
Tyum
returning without
a ploughman's term.
Newcastle proverb.
A tyum porse myeks a blate marchant." "A house-fuh of bayrnes, an' mebbies
them."
"
but a tehuhm cubbard for T. Bewick, The Howdy, ed. 1850, p. ir.
Te Staincheybank and Hexham Where there's galore o' temptin Te myek the pocket tyummer."
fairs,
wares,
T. Wilson, Opening of Railway, 1838.
TYUP, TUP,
a ram. Shearlin tyup, a ram once shorn. Tyup, the head of a forge hammer or of a heavy rammer. Tyup, the name formerly given to the last basket, or corf, sent up out of the pit at the end of the year. It originated in the ceremony called " Bussin the tyup," which accompanied " sendin away the tyup" for the last time before the beginning of the holidays, or " gaady days," then customary at Christmas as well as when the binding time was over. The tyup was a ram's horn, used as token all .through the year, and sent up with every twentieth corf, or the last in every score. But, before laying the pit in for holiday time, it was usual to draw all the corves to bank to be dried and fettled. The last
754
corf was half filled with clay, and on this the tyup was laid, whilst as many lighted candles as possible were stuck into " the clay. The tyup thus " bussed was sent away to the surface as an expression of rejoicing, and its ascent in the shaft was eagerly watched.
TYUTH-AN-EGG,
the
tooth and egg, a humorous perversion of of the alloy known to metallurgists as tutenag, composed of thirty parts of copper, thirty-one parts of zinc, and nineteen parts of nickel. It was formerly much in vogue for showy ornaments and in later times was used in the manufacture of tea-pots. Hence the name " a tynth-an' -egg
name
tea-pot."
"
Ma breeks o' bonny velveteen, Ma stockins clock'd a' up the leg, Ma nice lang-quartered shoon se clean,
And
buckles, reel tyuth-an'-egg." T. Wilson, Pitman's Pay, pt.
iii.,
1829, v.
3.
UG,
a feeling of nausea, an object of disgust, a bad or grotesque " " What an ug yeVe myed yorsel Ug, to feel appearance. also to cause disgust or nausea. abhorrence or disgust " He was ugged wi' eatin the stuff." Ugsome, frightful-looking, " He's an ugsome body." Applied familiarly to disgusting. any nasty, disgusting habit, as when a child is reproved: " Leave off it's
!
that,
ugsome."
UGLY,
UKEY,
a sunshade.
itchy.
See BONGRACE.
See YUCK.
UM-HUM,
a murmur of assent. Close the lips and try to say urn-hum, or uh-hu, and you have this very curious localism. This is a shibboleth by which a Northumberland man frequently discovers himself to a stranger.
UNAXED,
"
Thame
uninvited, unbidden. 'at comes unaxed sits unsarved."
Proverb.
UNBEKNAAN, UNBEKENT, " "

He did
it
unbeknaan tiv us
it,
without the knowledge of. without our knowledge, without
our knowing about
UNBETHINK,
(Obs.)
"
to
bethink,
to
call
to mind,
to
remember.
When
I unbethink me of thea frights and fears This peur auld gray-beard hings dreeping wi' tears." Joco-Smous Discourse, 1686.
755
UNBOWSOME,
UNC, UNK,
unable to bend or stoop down. Applied to corpulent people or others who are stiff in the back or unable " He's to stoop down. byeth ungainly an' unbowsome."
strange.
i.
"
What
UNKED and UNCO,
he' ye unc at
"
Rotbury
See
UNCANNY,
uncanny
way
supernatural, ungentle, rude. win her." " An uncanny fall."

'
" She hes an " An uncanny
knock."
" Both Tarsett and Dally Castle were said to be haunted by something uncanny" S. Oliver, Rambles in Northumberland, 1835, p. 158.
_ -%"
UNCO, UNKA, UNCUTH, UNCOUTH, "

uncommon. (May 12) it
an
It
unknown, strange,
unco seet." At the flitting term " Ther'll be is often remarked: mony a yen iv unka place thi neet." Compare UNC, UNKED.
was an
"But yet it was an uncouth thing" (an Joco-Serious Discourse, 1686, p. 22.
11
unknown
thing).
G. Stuart,
Uncos, Unkits, Unltids, news, strange things."
Brochett
UNCO,
"
very.
"
He was
[N.]
,
unco lang
i'
comin."
unrestrained,
UNCRUBEET
The hedge
uncurbed,
"
uncropped.
is uncrubeet
untrimmed.
in mining,
UNDERCAST, UNDERGATE, "

crossing.
an
made in the floor. An overgate " or "overcast" is one made overhead. Greenwell, Coal Trade Terms, 1888, word
under slates of the double row of slates
air crossing
UNDER-EASING, the
usually laid at the eaves of a roof.
UNDERLEVEL
to
DRIFT,
a drift driven from a
pumping
pit
unwater dip workings.
"An underlevel drift is driven perfectly level in the stone beneath the seam, between the lowest point of the standage and a point above the bottom of the sump." Greenwell, Coal Trade Terms, 1888.
UNDER-RUG,
the backwash or outward under-current near rocks against which the waves beat. Called also ootrug. the
place
in
UNDER-THE-TOP,
a coal mine where, in

is left
consequence of a bad "roof," a part of the coal in the form of an arch,
cut
75$
clandestinely.
UNDERTHOOM,
kandeet,
Almost similar to under ;
but usually applied to circumstances of more trifling nature. " She's a cunnin bairn that she's aye workin undertkoom."
UNDERVIEWER,
colliery,
one immediately under the viewer at a general superintendence underground, and to whom the overmen and deputies report. He is the responsible manager of a colliery in the absence of the viewer.
who has
UNDOOTFA,
UNFAA,
doubtful.
a severe cold, attended with stiffness in the joints A complete prostration from cold, a cold shivering fit, often accompanied by feverish " She's symptoms. tyen an unfaa."
and general soreness over the body.
UNFEARY,
"
infirm, feeble,
weak.
Sawney grew weary, and

Being auld, and
fain would been civil, unfeary, an' fail'd of his strength." Sawney Ogilby's Duel. Northumberland Garland, 1793, p. 207.
UN FEEL
unpleasant, uncomfortable; [W.-T.] generally to the state of the weather.

,
applied
UNHANK,
UNITH,
1613.
"
to uncouple.
not easily, hardly, scarcely.
Nares.
great and admirabi funerall for old Mr. Selbie at Newcastle. Ther wer assembled in the church 1,000 at leest in myn opinion, for the church could unith conteyn all without thronge." Welford, History of Newcastle, vol. iii., p. 200.
UNKED, UNKET,
form of uncuth. "Keep off strange. " he kens yor unked (said in warning to that bullock, bairns some children). Compare UNCO, i.
;
UNKEMPT, UNKAIMED,
generally untidy appearance.
uncombed
hence applied
to a
UNLISTY, listless.
Embleton
MS.
in
UNMACKLY,
ill-shapen,
clumsy
appearance.
Brockett.
UNRESTLESS,
restless.
speaking of a patient.
" He's had a varry
very
common
expression in
neet."
unvestless
UNSCREENED,
applied to coals sent the small coal screened out.
away without having
757
UNSE, OONCE,
an ounce.
;
UNSEL,
a self-willed, naughty, worthless person applied to a child.

to unlatch a door.
generally
UNSNECK,
UNSONSY,
"
unlucky, unfortunate.
th'
Compare SONSY.
Almighty's Anointed." G. Stuart, Joco-Sevious Discourse, 1686, p. 6. " Unsoncy yance, unsoncy aye" unfortunate once, unfortunate always. The same, p. 43.
They're unsonsy that mells with
UNTHANK,
in place-names, occurs at least three times in

;
Northumberland as a township at Alnham, and again in the extreme south-west of the county, near Haltwhistle. Query, land not thenked or hedged ?
UP,
"
to
lift
He
up, to take up. up'd wiv his nief.".

aloft.
"
He
ups
wiv a stone an' hat him."
UP-A-HEET,
"
The
fiddler up-a-heet."
Song, Wrechenton Hopping.
UPBRAID,
UPCAST,
to retch, to vomit.
See BRAID,
2.
a fault, dyke, rise hitch, where the further strata are thrown upward. Upcast, Upkest, the shaft up which the return air passes after it has coursed through the pit.
to upbraid, to reproach, to bring
if
UPCAST, UPKEST,
an example.
up as
11 Yor elwis upcastin yor greet cosin Jim, just as ekwil te him." R. Elliott, Jack Robson's Curtship.
thor wis nebody
UPCASTING,
GLEAM.
a rising of the clouds above the horizon especially as threatening rain. Brockett. Compare WEATHER;
UPEND, "
to
lift
up on
to the end, to hoist
Upend the leather."
"
end up, to
set erect.
Upend the
bar'l."
UPGETTIN,
the reception held on the recovery of a matron
after childbirth.
"There was sic clatterin an sic din when they o gat fairly startet. There was the skeulmaister's weyfe, the howdy, Tibby Bell, Jenny the gardner, an Betty Kell, an Mary Nicholson, an some aw dident ken. An there was posset, a good speyce suet keayk, an honey, an bacon T. Bewick, The Upgetting, ed. 1850, p. 12. collops, and frummety."
758
UPHAD,
UPON,
" to maintain or uphold by argument. the varry opposite." " He's a real good chep,
spite o' ye."
He
aa'll
uphadded uphad i'
engaged
in.
"
What
are ye upon ?"
Compare ON,
2.
UPPUTTIN,
upputtin."
accommodation, convenience.
"They hae ne
UPSIDES,
see."
on equal terms; abreast of, even, quits. " He thinks he's deun the trick but aa'll be upsides win him, ye'll
;
UPSTANNIN,
wage paid
standing.
where the roof has not

continuously
fallen.
In mining, applied to old workings Upstannin wage, a standing
whether
work
is
Upstannin wages, a term in harvest

to be paid full rain or not.
when
done or not. a labourer hires
wages whether prevented from working by
UPTAK, UPTYEK, "

He's slow
i'
understanding, intelligence, perception. " the uptak." Gleg i' the uptak "quick in
understanding.
UPTHROW,
a rise-hitch smaller than an upcast. Coal Trade Terms, 1888.
Greenwell,
URE, UTHER,
US, used
for me.
s
the udder of a
"
cow
or sheep.
"He
When ye gi's ? been wi huz aall neet."

USSEL,
balk."
gov "
ne answer."
to me. Sometimes shortened, as, " What'll "us" is intended the word is huz. " He's
us
Wiv
"
with me.
" Tiv us "
the short cords in a herring-net that attach
it
to the
VACANDELL, VANCANDELL,
(Obs.)
at
vicontiel, or sheriff's rent.
"Dilston, Dec. 12, Ralphe Reed, the Vancandell rent of Dilston, due Michaelmas, being the yeare Francis Bower, Esqr., was sheriffe, 6s. 6d." Anhaologia JEliana, vol. i., Radcliffe Household Book, 1681-1682.
new series, p. 107. " One yeare Vacandell."
The same,
p. 106.
VAGUING,
listlessly.
"
idling.
"
Stravaigin
is
the act of walking about
759
VAIRGE,
as Barge
"
a barge.
Thursday,
Vairge Day, barge day,
commonly known
Ascension
Day
from the procession of barges held on on the Tyne.

i'
When the Mayor's vairge, an' whurries, an' keels thor Was seen biv glad croods, thro' maw arches to glide."
J.
pride,
P. Robson, Old Tyne Bridge. Bards of the Tyne, 1849, p. 104.
" Suin aftor, 'twas on the Vairge Day." W. Midford, Local Militia-Man, 1818.
VANTISH,
and ready
advantage
1
but in
mining possibly
ventage
or
aperture is meant. "In mining the 'jud, a portion
of the
seam of coal kirved, nicked,

Greenwell.
for blasting, is called vantish."
^Vantage or Sump, the side of a 'board' which has been kirved, nicked, and shot down, the remaining half being called the back-end." Nicholson, Coal Trade Terms, 1888.
VARRA, VARRY,
Used frequently as an intensitive very. " He wis wrout ti the varra word, as in the expressions, " It cut the varra leather intiv ee's thee." byen." through " Yen neet aw cam tiv Elsdon,
Sair tired efter dark
;
Aw'd
travell'd mony a leynsome meyle Wet through the varra sark."
Geo. Chatt, At Elsdon, poems, 1886,
p. 53.
VAST,
" a great deal, a quantity. Sixpence did not seem a " Aa's a vast vast" " Thor wis a vast o' folk i' the chepil." better thi' day." " How way hehaym wouth th'; thou theayks a vast oh caaling on."
T. Bewick, The Upgetting, ed. 1850,
p. 12.
V-BOB,
a spear or beam working with a so-called from its shape.
pumping engine
VEND,
of
a regulation which formerly existed in the coal trade
Tyne through which a limited sale was arranged for each " management of colliery by the trade, who conducted the the Vend.' It is now applied to the whole quantity sent
1
from a
colliery.
"
They were not hampered then wi' The turns were ready nyen need
;
vends
wait."
pt.
iii.,
1829, v. 115.
VENNEL, VENAL,
paved runner
in
;
an
still
in
common
alley, a lane, also a drain, an open Vennel use in country places.
Newcastle was a chare or narrow thoroughfare.
"A
P- 383-
vennel called
Bower Chare."
the
Welford, Hist, of Newcastle,

of the
vol.
i.,
"
1588.
vennel called
Heade
Broade Chaire."
Local
Archaologia Mliana, vol. i., new series, p. 41. "1641. Paid Strother for making cleane the common vennell before Widdow Wilson's doore, is." Gateshead Church Book.
Muniments.
2C
760
[N.]
,
VENOMLESS
VENT,
venomous.
in otter hunting, the rising to the surface of the otter for breath, when it is said to " give vent."
VESSEL,
a waggon or tub used in the groves or lead mines in Allendale and district.
VIAGE, VAGE,
11
journey either by land or by water. Stoney Viage" a place-name on the old pack-horse road " near By well, where probably the " stoneys or galloways, used as pack-horses, completed a stage or viage.
a the chief manager of a colliery. "And now I must leave you to your Viewer, Man, who is to take charge of a regular working of
Collier, 1708, p. 31.
VIEWER,
Compleat
or Head Under-over the colliery." J. C.,

duty,
'
"
Officials
and
men have each
their
distinct
clear
:
and
unmistakable. Viewer, They rank much in the following order off handed under-viewer, overman, back overman, deputy, hewers, The viewer is supreme, and the men,' putters, drivers, and boys. under-viewer sees that his orders are carried into effect." Wilson, Coal Miners of Northumberland, etc. Trans. Tyneside Nat. Field Club,
vol. vi.,
203.
VIEWLY, VIEWSOME,
VINE,
a lead-pencil.
comely, of
fair
appearance.
" It's
nowther viewly nor useful" monument).

KEELYVINE.
(said in
reference to a local
" Len' us yor vine."
See KEEL,
2,
and
VIRIDEN
"
possibly
viride,
a robe.
(Obs.)
Welford, Hist, of
Unam robam
de Viridi."
Blount.
" viriden, or ten shillings in lieu thereof." 1502. Newcastle, vol. iij., p. 2.
VOIDER,
etc.,
a kind of table basket for dishes, plates, knives, taken away from the table a basket for soiled clothes.
;
(Obs.)
"A butler's
"
1707.
tray."
for
Brockett.
Paid
a voider for ye
sirplices,
is.
2d.
:>
Boyle, Church of
St. Nicholas, Newcastle, p. 94.
VOKY, damp,
" The aad Brockett. moist, juicy. body used the loaves o' breed on the floor to keep them elways to put Bread made of maslin is called " voky breed," from its voky." " He moist character. always oiled his flute to keep't voky" " Brockett, is also used in the sense of gay, cheerful." Voky
761
W A ADEN, young and

lad."
This word is variously spelt waden, " He's a wanden, waudon, and waddin. bang, yawl, waddin " of a person who is able, powerful, and swift of chep (said
Hodgson
foot).
MS.
active, vigorous in limb.
"A
waaden
WAD,
and
a pledge. The term is used in the game of " Scotch English," where the clothes of the competitors are deposited as wad. See SCOTCH AND ENGLISH.
to wager.
" I'se
WAD,
wad a pund, when night comes round, " That, creel for creel, we bang em a' Doubleday, song, Up
!
the Wreigh.
WAD,
would.
WADDENT,
meadow
would
not.
Geo. Chatt,
" Across the Old Farmer.
rigs his scythe
wad foremost ean."
WADDLE,
WADGE,
to bargain. servants' register office.
Waddler-wife, a (Obs.)
woman who
kept a
a wedge or slice of bread.

sad, sorrowful.
left
WAE, WEE, WAESOME,

"
" I'm wae for to see the'
oot
th' cauld."
can
sic
James Armstrong, Northumbrians waesome news be true ? "

R. Gilchrist, Bold Archy.
Pride.
WAEDEUM, WEDOM,
sorrow, woe.
(Obs.)
" " I have nething but wedom, weladie, wees me ! W. Bullein, Dialogue Against the Feuer Pestilence, 1564. E. E. Text Society, p. 7. " Their waedeum seem'd vanish't."
Discourse.
WAES ME WEES ME " woe is me "

!
a common exclamation " Waes me ! but dear me as usually heard. equivalent to the lad's gyen off wivoot us."
!
!
WAFF,
a puff or rush of wind. " The waffs' the train "the rush of air caused by a passing train. " To waff oot a " is to put out a candle with a waff caused by a cannel movement of the flat hand or of some fan-like article. rapid " Aa just gat a waff Waff is also a passing view, a glimpse. on him " got a glimpse as he passed rapidly. When a person is dying his waff or apparition is believed to appear to near relations or to friends at a distance, sometimes in
762
remote places. The apparition is a portent that the person thus seen is about to die. A man is said to have spoken to his own waff without receiving an answer, and to have died next day. See Rambles in Northumberland, p. 96 Trans. Brand, Popular Antiquities, Tyneside Field Club, vol. v., p. 93
;
1777, p. 99. Compare DEETH-HEARSE. Waff, applied to a " scent or smell, is equivalent to a whiff. waff o' caad " a passing cold or chill. the movement of a large Waff, flame from side to side." Halliwell. A waif or vagrant is called a waff.
"A
WAFF, the
bark of a puppy.
dog
"
woughs," but a puppy
waffs. " The elder folke and well growne barked like bigge dogges, but the children and little ones waughed as small whelpes." Holland's Camden,
ij., 1
88.
Quoted Davies'
Gloss.
WAFF, WAUF,
sea-sickness.
"
sick, dizzy, especially as in the sensation of

wauf,
The hey kin made me vurry
Me heed
turned duzzy, vurry." T. Thompson, 1823, Jemmy Joneson's Whurry.
WAFFLE,
to waft about, to waver, to walk hesitatingly, to " He " He act with indecision. waffled his hankerchor." " waffled on." poor wafflin body." Waffler an undecided or changeable person, a man unsteady in his gait or drunk. Waffley, inconstant, unreliable. Waffy, weak, tottering. " " Aa's a common expression used by varry waffy thi' day " invalids. waffy smell," a sickly nauseating smell.
"
Here
wafflers
needn't
mind
their steps."
T. Wilson, Oiling of Dicky's Wig, 1826.
WAFFLER,
"
So
called
the green sandpiper, Totanus ochropus, L. from its undulating odd flight." Brockett.
WAFTERS,
swords made with blunt edges for performances. The swords used by Northumberland sword-dancers are of
this character, with handles at
each end.
WAG, WAG,
truant.
"
Play the wag," to play truant from school.
to shake hands, to wave, to swing backwards and forwards like a pendulum, to beckon. " Wag the tongue," to " chatter, to prattle continuously. Wag at the waa," a Dutch or caseless clock in which the weights and the wagging pendulum are visible. ''Let's wag hands." "Yor dress's " The fellow " The fiddler's waggin ahint." wagged his hat." elbow wagged a' neet."
763
WAGGLE-GULL,
gull,
the young of the greater black-backed
Lavus marinus, L.
the pied or common wagtail, Motacilla Called also waiter waggv.
Yarrellii.
WAGGY,
Gould.
WAIGLE
heavy
[N.], to stagger along unsteadily, as in carrying a " Aa could " load. hardly waigle wi' the poke." Tyek " care, Tom, yor waiglin (said to a man walking out of step in carrying a heavy weight with a mate). Waigly, unsteadily.
collector of tolls on wains. collected from wains. (Obs.)
" 1626.
Ite
WAIN MAN, the

Church Books.
Wain-money,
tolls
Recaved
of the hie
ward
ffor
wane money, i6s."
Gateshead
WAIRN-IN,
told or
to
caution,
to warn.
"He
wes wairn'd-in"
warned beforehand.
[T.]
,
,
WAIRSH, WAIRCH
[W.-T.] insipid, wanting flavour, as food without salt. Applied figuratively to a low, weakly, or delicate condition of body. Of a frail-looking man it is "A wairsh tyest i' the said, "He's varry wairsh like." " mooth a sickly taste experienced by an invalid. In constant use. Compare WELSH.
" Werish (old word), unsavoury."
"
WEARSH
WAIRESH
[N.
and
S.]
New World
of Words, 1706.
Life
wad be
varra wairsh without the lasses." T. Wilson, Pitman's Pay, pt.
iij.,
v. 6.
WAIT, WE-YET "[S.]

to "surely" or
WYET [T.] WEET

,
[N.]
equivalent
is'nt it
" Wait Wait ye war, noo ?" surely you were, now ? " " " was't indeed it was, or truly it was. Wyet will he " " Ye're no doubtless he will. gaun there thi day, weet ?
" Ki leeve i' yen raw, wyet, Geordy, I' yen corf we byeth gan belaw, wyet." J. Selkirk, d. 1843, Bob Cranky's 'Size Sunday.
'
so?" a very common exclamation. "
We
WAITER-ON,
sinking
pit,
person who attends as banksman at a attends to the signals and other work about the shaft top in the absence of the banksman. Nicholson, Coal Trade Terms, 1888.
a
or
who
WAKE.
See LAKE-WAKE.
764
WALE, WEYEL, WYEL, "

sort, to
the choice, pick, or best of The wale of the brave," the bravest of the brave. anything. " The wale of the family," the best of the family. Wale, to
potatoes,
pick out. "They're on walin taties" busy sorting by separating them from the soil, sorting large and small and bad from good. " Wale me an orange " pick out an orange for me. To " wale one's way," to pick out one's way, as in darkness or perplexity. Waters, coal sorters, who pick out stones, pyrites, etc., from coals.
"
P"or raisins
Through and through the bowl they wyell, how they stretch and strive."
pt.
iij.,
1829, v. 112.
WALK, WAAK,
game
cocks, etc.
up a young animal.
to take charge of, to watch over and bring Applied to the rearing of pups, young
WALKEET, WACKEET, WAUKED,
a very common term for long hair that has " tatted " and has to be cut out.
matted, entangled;
matted
or
WALKER,
"
1465.
a fuller. The Walk-mill, a fulling mill. obsolete, except in place-names which retain the this industry.
word
is
name
of
Thomas Stephenson,
walker,
and John Cook, mason, both of

iij.,
Gateshead."
Welford, Hist, of Newcastle, vol.
p. 354.
" Fullers and dyers, called anciently walkers."
Brand, vol.
ij.,
p. 320.
WALKRIFE, WAKERIFE,
WALK.
"
watchful,
wakeful.
Compare
It acts as a composer even upon the most wake-rife student who is anxious to read." S. Oliver the Younger (W. A. Chatto), Fly Fishing,
1834, p. 76.
WALL,
in mining, a
colliery.
passage or opening made between each
Walling-crib, a crib or circle of masonry or walling material faced round a shaft where the strata are without sufficient cohesion to form the plane of the sides.
" the distance between two boards." Wall, the end of a pillar Nicholson, Coal Trade Terms. " The holing or communication at the end of a pillar between two boards several walls in a line form a headways course." Greenwell. " the face of a
;
board in a
Wall-face,
working place."
Nicholson.
WALL
[N.],
WELL
[S.]
to weld.
765
WALLER
teugh job
;
(the a short), to struggle confusedly. but he wallered through."
"
It
was a
"When the baa gat inti the burn, the tummellin and the walkrin aboot, sometimes ower heed an' lugs, amang the wetter, was fit te meyk ye splet yor sides wi' laughin." D. D. Dixon, Shrovetide Customs at
Rothbury, p.
5.
WALLEYDRAG, WALLEYDRAIGLE,
WALLOP,
a draggletail, a The word is sometimes used as a verb, wastrel, a wanderer. as " What are ye w alley -dvaiglin aboot here for ?"
to move rapidly with a gurgling or rattling noise. Applied to the clatter of a horseman or the noise of ebullition in boiling, especially the boiling and bubbling of broth or " porridge. Howay to yor yetlin here the poddish is
;
wallopin an' boilin." 11 He rade and walloped owre the green." Black Adam. Minstrelsy of English Border, 1847,
p. 417.
WALLOW, to roll in walking,

manner.
to walk in a lumbering helpless See WANDLE, 2. " Symy Haw gat lamed of a leg, And syne ran wallowing hame."
R. Surtees, Ballad of Feather stonhaugh.
WALLOW,
11
weak,
insipid,
tasteless.
Wallowt,
withered.
Compare WELSH. When first
she looked the letter on,

;
She was baith red and rosy But ere she read a word or twa, She wallowt like a lily."
Young
Ratcliffe.
-
Minstrelsy of the English Border, 1847, P- 4 8
WALLY
"
an exclamation.
!
Wally
Tony, what
is
that ?"
1686, p. 62.
WALLY,
Schoolboys out for a day's jolly, merry, happy. "a wally time on't." holiday are said to be having
to turn topsy-turvy, to turn over and to spin a coin, to wriggle or twist about like a worm, over, " The bord wammelt ower an' to sprawl or toil in walking. " Aa'd a sair " He wammelt his shillin." ower as it fell." " He wammelt the stairs wi' the set ti wammel up the hill." up " He went wammelin seek o' floor on iv his back, onyhoo."
WAMBLE, WAMMEL,
aboot."
Compare WANDLE,
2.
766
WAME
[N.] , [T.] , the stomach, the belly. a belly-band or girth. Brockett. " Provision baith for Back and Warned
WYEM
Wame-tow,
"
Aw hammer on
till
efternuin,
pt.
i.,
Wi' weary by ens and empty uyem."

1826, v. 49.
WAME, WAIM,
" It
is
the entire salmon roe.
that is, as it is taken from the fish in the provincially termed the waim; or it is reduced into a or else it is converted to single particles, termed beads." paste Armstrong, Curing of Salmon Roe.
either cured entire

is
form of what
;
WAMEREL,
is
a restless or
addressed as " a young wamevel" " Whatever ails thee thi day ? Nowse can aa dee ti keep thee quiet, thoo wheengin wamerel" (nurse to a child).
;
wayward
person.
restless child
WAMPISH,
to entangle said of a rope that has become " Man ravelled. it's a' wampisWd" " Aall the interlaced. Wampisht, intricately pairts wis wampisht together" (said of an iron gate of intricate design).
mixed together and
WAN,
"
a wand, an osier. only making essay yet.
" He's oney peelin his wans yit"
WANCHANCY,
unlucky, evil boding,
ill
betiding.
(Obs.)
Brockett.
Applied in Northumberland to a mischievous boy or girl." " He spurr't up a rise, and saw wi' surprize, A horseman in black abreast o' him ride, A wanchancy face, and a pair o' redde eyes, Tho' Mordyngton raced, yet he kept at his side."
Mordyngton's Chase.
WANDED, WENDED, plaited, interlaced, interwoven.

gate's wanded wi' thorns, so
"
"The
nowt can get
in."
Her bongrace was
of wended straw."
Song, The Northumberland Bagpipes.
WANDLE, WANNEL, nimble, WANDLE, WANNEL, "

effort.
ingenious and handy man who is active, and can turn hand readily to any useful purpose." Hodgson MS.
handy.
"
wandle
man
is
an
his
Aa can
"
to walk with weariness or painful hardlies wannel hyem."

she was not able to handle, weak as she could u'andle."
Her
But
stilts
e'en as
G. Stuart, Joco-Sericus
767
WANDY, WANKLE, WANKELLY,

long and
flexible
;
like a
wand.
Brockett.
W'or changeable, precarious. " hevin a varry wankle harvest this 'eer." Man, it's wankle " The weather's A man hay weather !" wankelly the noo." who is not to be depended upon is said to be a wankle. " He's
rether a wankle, that yen." An undertaking too precarious }1 is said to be "ower wankle. It is also applied to a feeble " She leuks nobbut wankle." bodily condition, as
"
Your Wankle Leggs canno" support ye."

WANTS,
a job."
need
the plural form
is
general.
" Aw's
i'
wants of
" In very great wants." April 29.
Books of Keelman's Hospital, Newcastle, 1742,
WANWAIRD, WANWEARD, WONWEARD, WANGWARD, WANWAY, a good-for-nothing, profligate, or

worthless person, a wastrel. Wonweard, unlucky, unfortunate. " " A wonweard (said of a grocer who had been grosser unfortunate in business).
WAP,
a rap, a sharp blow. " Gie him a wap on the lug." A " What a noise, a riotous disturbance, a melee. bonny wap " To y'or kickin up there." wap off," to strike or cut off by a quick stroke.
to wrap, especially to wrap up protectively. Just " " Wap't up i' broon paper." wap a string aboot it." Wap, a wrappage, turns of string or line served round a rope or other string. Wappin, a wrapping or covering. " Wapped up shammy leather."
i'
WAP,
"
His Other Eye, 1880,
p. 8.
WAPPER,
what a
an exaggerated thing, something huge.

huge, great.
"
Bah
wapper."
WAPPIN,
WAPPIN,
"
wappin tormit."
a small hay-cock,
commonly
called
a.
foot-cock.
WAPPY,
a wasp.
WAR, WAUR, WAR, beware, "
worse.
War
an' war,
worse and worse.
" War belaa " look out below. look out. " look out. War the byul " beware the bowl. " War oot " He set also a shortened form of aware. War is away afore aa wis war." " Aa wasn't war o' yor comin."
768
WARDAY,
a week-day or work day. " Aa've deun'd Sundays and wavdays this thorty eer." Probably war (or worse) day. " " Aa Sunday is often spoken of as the good Sunday." waddent he' minded if he'd dyun'd iv a wavday ; but it was the good Sunday, ye see." Compare WAR-HAND.
assigned, set out, awarded by commissioners to carry out the division of common lands. Warded roads, the roads thus set out.
WARDED,
appointed
WARDEN,
a joint in a rope made by overlapping the two ends and wrapping them together, as distinguished from a
spliced joint.
WARDENS OF THE MARCH,
the officers formerly in
charge of the Border, which was divided into the wardenries of east, middle, and west marches. The warden of the middle march had two deputies under him, one of whom was " " of North Tynedale and the other of Ridsdale. keeper There were also two subordinate officers called wardensergeants or land sergeants, whose duty it was to serve warrants and apprehend offenders.
WARD-MOTE,
a meeting of the principal inhabitants of a ward. Compare MOTE-HILLS. The word ward-mote is still in constant use." Richardson, Table
Book, Leg. Div., 1846, vol.
iii.,
p. 21, n.
WARE,
earthenware.
Ware-heft, a composition knife-handle.
WARE
"
(pronounced way-ar), sea- weed.
sea-wrack.
Ware
Waar,
wassel,
belk,
or bans
marina.
is
Called also sea-ware, the long stick-like

Ray,
substance of the Laminaria

Weir,
Sea-wrack,
Collection, 1691.
digitata.
alga
Northumberland."
WARE,
to spend. " I trow our labour were well wair'd." G. Stuart, Joco-Serious
"
shilling
aw thought
hoose aw'd ware." T. Thompson, d. 1816, Canny Newcastle.

at the play
WARE-CORN,
barley or oats.
Distinguished from hard-corn.
WARE-GOOSE,
the Brent goose, Bernicla brenta, Bvisson.
Also
called the black goose.
769
WAR-HAND,
'
the
left
or worse hand.
Compare WARDAY.
" In a rencounter in Ovingham Churchyard, Wm. Surtees. of Broad Oak, lost the use of his hand by a spear wound, and acquired the name of Willie with the war-hand.' This appellation must not be understood to have any reference to the man's military prowess or proceedings. The hand he had lost was his right but his left, his war, or worse, hand, remained, and from it he acquired the name by which he was distinguished from some other Willie Surtees. These distinctive names were common and very characteristic and amusing." Raine, Life of
;
Surtees, p. 89.
WARK,
in
a swathe or breadth of grass or corn cut by a mower one landing or sweep of the scythe. " Y'or tyekin ower wide a wark"
WARK,
an uneasy sensation as of an active inward pain. Tyeuth-wark, toothache. Heed-wark, headache. Wark, to ache in the manner above described. Doctor: "Is it a pain?" Patient " No." Doctor : " Is it an ache ?" Patient " No it's warkin."
:
:
"
Maw legs were warkin'

Mony
fit
ta brik."
p. 53.
Geo. Chatt, At Elsdon, poems, 1866,

11
a weary warkin' by en." T. Wilson, Pitman's Pay.
WARK,
task.
work. Wark-set, a difficult Work-folk, work-people. " Ye'll he' Wark, yor wark-set there, marra, aa think." a fortification applied to places having works or forts, as
;
At Wark, in North Tyne, the conspicuous feature is the mote-hill where assizes were held in the thirteenth century.
in Warkvfoith.
"
Were,
found
in
ancient
charters
signifies
castle."
Blount,
Dictionary, 1717.
WARKWORTH-TROUT,
See also WHITTLING.
the bull-trout, Salmo
eriox, Yarrell.
WERMpT, WORMIT, wormwood, Artemisia WARMpD, L. This is one of the commonest ballast absinthium
plants,
but
it is
also found far inland.
WARN, WARND, WARNT,

I
warrant.
" Aa's
warn"
hes-int been
warrant, suppose. "Andra Karr wiv his teheyteed

int this
hair
aws warn a keahm

The same.
twe months."
etc., ed. 1850, p. 10.
"
Aw warnt he hesint
to
brokken his
fast to-day."
WARN,
"
summon.
March 4. Committee being warned, these following were 1741-2. absent or short," etc. Books of Keelman's Hospital, Newcastle.
77
a mill dam in a stream. Warren-heed in the Pont, a few miles below Ponteland, forms the dam for Kirkley mill-race. a
sprite
WARREN-HEED,
WARRICOE, WIRRIKOW,
Compare Kow.
"
or
local boggle.
Where
And
harpie, imp, an* warricoe, goblins dwell."
WARRICK,
screw, the
to cramp or fasten with ropes or chains. Warrickscrew used for warricking or tightening the chains passed round a waggon-load of round timber. Ropes are wavricked by passing one end of a lever through a loop and heaving it tight. The end of the lever is then tied down.
WARSEL, WORSEL,
"
a struggle; to wrestle, to struggle.

a warsel through." T. Wilson, Pitman's Pay, pt. they
iii.,
We've had
sic
v. 55.
"
Had
To
They wadn't
slave and drudge like lang syne cheps', worsel out a day." The same, pt. ij., v. 69.
WARSE-LIKE,
seed."
worse looking.
"A
warse-like place
aa never
WARSEN, to grow worse. " He's sair warsent" WASH, WESH, the detritus, gravel, clay, or
water-worn
stones encountered where a coal seam has been abraided and heaped over by a glacial or riverine action in late Such a wash is found in the Team geological periods. Valley, where the loose material has cut off the strata at each side of the valley at a considerable depth from the
surface.
WASP, WHASS,
SCAPLAR.
a mason's pick with two
flat points.
See
WASSAL,
"
of the
the stems of the sea-weed, Laminaria
digitata,
Lam.
Compare MAY-WEED.
See WARE,
2.
The laminaria sheds its upper part in broken weather, about the end month of May this, when washed ashore, is known as May-tops. The stems themselves become detached from their rocks about October, and are locally named belks or wassal." J. Crawford Hodgson, Hist, of
Bwks. Nat. Field Club,
vol. xiv., 1892, p. 115, n.
WASTA,
you ?"
wast thou
is
Used
in
common
" speech as
Were
used.
77!
WASTE, WYEST,
in coal mining, old workings and airways. Master-wasteman, the man in responsible charge of the wastes. Wastemen, men employed in the same. Waste-boxes, boxes in which the waste water of the pumping-pit is conveyed from the rings.
WASTLE,
a twig, a withy.
Halliwell.
WASTREL,
a good-for-nothing fellow.
!
WATCH HERE
WATER.
" salutation " What cheer ! which the equally familiar enquiry,
the pronunciation of the very common is the usual response to
"How
there?"
Brockett gives "Waiter, or Waeter, the Newcastle It is spelt Waiter in The Pitman's pronunciation of water" Pay. In combination, however, and frequently in common speech, it is shortened to Waiter or Wetter thus, waiter-side,
wetter-rat,
etc.
At Rothbury and Alnwick Witter
prevails,
the extreme North Waiter and Waitah are the common sounds. " Water, as 'The Coquet Water.' The Northumbrians use the above expression in a peculiar sense signifying thereby the district of the country immediately adjoining the river bearing that name." Dr. Hardy, Denham Water-ask, the newt. Tracts, Folk-lore Society, 1892, p. 313. Water-bite, a biscuit or piece of bread provided for eating This was invariably carried by bathers. after bathing. Water-blast, the rushing out of compressed air through water Or the sudden eruption of compressed gas from in a mine. In lead mining, the rise workings of a flooded colliery. a Water-blast is a stream of water allowed to fall down a shaft in order to carry down along with it a current of air. Water-brash, Water-blobs, bubbles on the surface of water. an eructation of water from a disordered stomach. Water-carses, Water -clearer, Waiter-clearer [N.], .Waiter-carses, water-cress. the water spider. Water-crow, Waiter-craa, the water ouzel Called also waterpiot. Waterfallor dipper, Hydrobata cinchis, L See the common name for swallow-holes. holes [W.-T.]
and
in
SWALLOW-HOLE,
WATER-SWALLOW-HOLES
(below),
;
WITCH-
HOLES. Water-foor, Waiter-foor, a furrow made by the plough to drain off surface water. Watergate, a dry stream bed also a road or passage leading to a watering place. Watergate, the level access to a mine. Water-goat, a rail across a river to giving Water -golland, the marsh serve as a fence. Hodgson MS. It is also called yalla gowan. marigold, Caltha pahstris, L. See GOLLAN. Water-jags, chicken-pox applied also to any a Water-level, horizontal watery eruptions on the skin.
; ;
772
colliery
term
for a stratum that is not inclined at all. the measure formerly in use for sea-borne coal. Water-scale, the direction in which a stream runs from the water-shade. Water-side, the whole vale through which a river runs. Brockett. Water-sill, a bed of finegrained sandstone lying immediately below the great limestone in the south-west of Northumberland. See TUFT. Water-soo, Water-sea, a water-pail. (Obs.) Water-still, a channel for water flowing through a marsh. See STELL. Waterswallow-holes ; called also Witch-holes, Water-fall, or Swallowholes circular surface depressions caused by the percolation of water through limestone. Waiter-tyeble, a water table. Waiter -tyeUin, the embanking of a hedge by cutting sods and turning them upside down on the roots of the hawthorn and trimming the edge downward. \Water-waggv, Watter-waggy, Waitery-wagtail, the pied wagtail, Motacilla Yarrellii, Gould.
Water-measure,
"
Gar warn the water, braid and wide, Gar warn it soon and hastily, They that winna ride for Telfer's kye, Let them never look in the face o' me
Jamie
Telfer.
"
!
Border Minstrelsy, vol.
i.,
p. 144.
"
From Hareup Watergate up

The
the Watergate to
a Watergate to the foot of Hareup wood, &c." 1680. Hist. ofBwks. Nat. Club, vol. v., p. 255.
"
tunnels,
then into Bounders of Old Bewick,
Hareup
Hill
drainage of the mines was effected by means of the horizontal which were variously termed adits, watergates, soughs, surfs, &c."
Galloway, Hist, of Coal Mining, 1882, p. 25. " Water, or Newcastle or Sunderland Measure, is generally reckoned double the measure of a London Chaldron, or more." J. C., Compleat
Collier, 1708, p. 17.
" Hardun Edge follows the drift road to the Broken-moss, takes the water scale of the hills between the two parishes, and ends at Harehaugh." Hodgson, Northumberland, pt. ii., vol. i., p. 151, n. " Paide for 2 girdes to a water-sea, 2d." Newcastle Municipal Accounts* January, 1593. " Paid for ii shols (shovels) and a 500 for to carry water withal xid." Mariners' Books, Newcastle, 1540. " A hollow west of the lake is traversed a stratum of limestone
by
full of water-swallow-holes, but covered with a rich red soil." Northumberland, iii., 2, p. 327, n.
Hodgson,
WATLING STREET.
Northumberland, where
almost entire length,
south,
is
course of the road through used for traffic along its from Ebchester (Vindomom), on the
it is
The
still
(Corstopitum), Stagshaw Bank, Portgate (where it intersects the Roman Wall), Bewclay (see COBB'S CAUSEY), Risingham (Habitancum), High
by Whittonstall, Corbridge
Rochester (Bremenium the starting point of Iter I. in the Antonine Itinerary), on to Chew Green (Ad Fines), whence it crosses the Border and enters Roxburgh.
773
WATTLE,
drinking.
to
"
drink.
"To
wattle
away," to
consume
in
Compare SWATTLE.
The girl's mother lost two butter firkins They wattell'd away so much cream." Thomas Whittle, The
Insipids.
WATTLING,
the covering or corving of hazel rods on the rafters of a house on which the flags of turf were laid to receive the outer covering of straw or heather for thatch.
WATTY, DAFT- WATTY, "

What
an indiscreet or foolish fellow. " are ye deein, ye daft watty ?
WAUALL,
dog.
the claw-like projection a little above the foot of a Shepherds usually amputate the waualls of whelps which are intended to be kept for, if allowed to remain, the dog is liable to be caught by the wawll and injured when on
;
heathery ground.
WAUDON, supple. WAUF. See WAFF.
HalliwelL
See WAADEN.
WAUGHT,
a large draught. "A waught also to the deep thrust of a weapon.

" Stout
Ilk
o'
drink."
Applied
Heaton
cried,
'
My laddies up,
pay a Scotch thief's hide, They'se get a waught o' a Border spear, " That's wearisome to bide.'
Heaton''s Raid. Minstrelsy of the English Border, 1847, P- 37 8
-
WAUKED,
sometimes.
"
bound or matted See WALKEET.
together, as a fleece of wool
is
WAVE-CHILD,
Books, 1681-2.
a waif, a foundling.
child
(Obs.)
il.
Mantayning a wave
in
Dilston,
8d."
Radclyffe Household
WAW, WOU, "

manner.
to whimper or complain in a whining petulant He's been wawin on till aa's fair sick." Wow is " What's the beast wowin for ? " also the mew of a cat. " She's wowin to be in." See WOWL.
WAX, "
" He's waxed sair sin aa seed him last." A hoaf-waxed lad " half-grown, a hobble-de-hoy. " He's waxin a fine lad."
to
grow.
WAX-DOLLS, common
fumitory, Fumaria
officinalis,
L,
774
WAX-END
waxed
(pronounced waax-end), the end of a shoemaker's thread, tipped with a strong birse, or bristle, to enable it to be thrust through the holes bored by the elshin, or awl, in the shoe-leather. See LINGEL.
WAXIN,
an exudation from the teats of a mare or cow a few days before parturition takes place.
WAXIN-CHURNELS,
body generally.
growing kernels, or enlarging lymphatic glands on the sides of the neck, popularly believed to be indicative of the increasing growth or waxing of the
the greater plantain, Plantago major, L. also rattan-tails, spikes, wayfron.
speed, headway.
"
WAY-BRED,
Called
WAYGATE,
He myeks
;
little
waygate."
WAY-GOING-CROP, WAY-GANNIN-CROP, the last crop before a tenant quits his farm familiar in auctioneers' advertisements.
" Where a tenant quits on the i2th of May, he is allowed to have a this is called the crop of corn from off two-thirds of the arable land way -going-crop the entering tenant has the straw, and leads the crop into the stack yard." Bailey and Culley, Agriculture of Northumberland, 1813,
;
p. 24.
WAYLEAVE,
leave obtained by payment for a way through land for the carriage of coals from the pit. "Another thing that is remarkable is their wayleaves ; for when men
have pieces of ground between the
to lead coals over their ground." vol. i., p. 265.
colliery
and the
the
river,
North, Life of
they sell leave Lord Keeper Guilford,
WAYS,
for way. Wayses, ways here," etc.

"
used
"
Gan
ways.
yor ways hyem,"
"Come
yor
Aa
wayses, fore ways, side ways, hint
ways." His Other Eye, 1880,
p. 2.
WAYS,
the travelling roads in a pit. These are distinguished variously as travelling-ways, horse-ways, barrow-ways, volley-ways, heed-ways (or wis), winning heedways, t yam- ways. " The horseway up west, and tramway up north along the westernmost
headways."
Root. Scott, Ventilation of Coal Mines,

;
p. 18, 1868.
WAYWAND, "
Aye,
she'll
an out-of-the-way person a poor lost creature. be some poor waywand, aa's warn."
surveyor of highways appointed annually
WAYWARDEN, the
in
each township.
775
WE
WE,
[N.],
us.
WI,
'
WIV
[S.], with.
Haw- way wi we"

moist.
This
is
Spittal
and Tweedmouth.
Hodgson
left
perhaps peculiar to
WEAKY, juicy,
WEALS,
MS.
on the
skin.
the marks of blows
WEAR, WEE-AR,
" Gan to turn, to cause to veer, to guide. " He's oot wi' the collie an' wear the sheep off them tormits." " Wear them weearin the sheep intil the stell." sheep inti the " The field there." wis ill to weare." yowes
WEAR-BUIST, WERE-BUIST, a stick

in a byre to prevent their encroaching
placed between cows on each other.
WEAR, WEER,
the landing place and fishing ground at a salmon-net fishery. At these places it is necessary to have a shelving shore and a bottom cleared of all large stones, etc., to allow the free working of the net. Compare YARE and STELL.
WEAR, WEIR,
a structure of stone mixed with rice (brushwood) for protecting a bank from the wash of a stream or an arrangement of stakes and wattle for the same purpose.
;
WEAR, "
late
" It wears to time in the phrases " " He's wearin " He up growing up. wears well" lasts well, applied to vigour retained in age. " A wearin' away," a consumption.
commonly applied
grows
late.
"
Wor
And
wearin'
bairns are now a' men and women up the warld te knaa." T. Wilson, Pitman's Pay, pt.
;
iii.,
1829, v. 119.
WEAR-SHOT NET,
11
method
of
salmon
fishing.
The
wear-shot net is
circular form,
vol. iv.,
and
is
rowed by means of a boat into the river in a immediately drawn to the shore." Archaologia JEliana,
quarto
series, p. 302.
WEATHER-GAW
[N.] the stump of a rainbow. Sometimes called a weather pillar, and, in West-Tyne, a weather-bleat. It is looked upon as the precursor of wet and storm. weathergaw is also a short spell of fine weather, generally a day, " This is a fine preceded and followed by storm. day efter the storm." " Aye, but aa doot it's a weather-gaw." Compare
,
SUN DOG.
2D
WEATHER-GLEAM,
WEBBIT,
forst,
a clear line of light contrasting with
dark sky above, seen as an after-glow at sunset. UPCASTING.
Compare
a common form answering to well but, why but, " * or but simply. Webbit, aa'll see Webbit, aa winna gan."
noo."
WECHT.
WEDE,
SeeWiTE.
"
weeded, extirpated.
The
flowers of the forest are a*
wede away."
WEDGING-CRIB,
in mining, the foundation crib in a shaft

rests.
on which tubbing or walling
WEE, WEENY,
up a
wee,
" Move size, short in time. a wee bit thing at the time." just "Bideaz^." " Ye'll he' ti wait a wee bit langer." "Aa'll hev just a weeny bit o' cheese." Weeny is commonly used in an affectionate way when applied to a child. Wee thout, a
diminutive in
bit."
"She was
very
little.
" If they
wad when at roads agyen, Myek them a wee thought straiter."

T. Wilson, Oiling
o'
Dicky's Wig, v. 64.
WEED A,
a widower, a widow. indiscriminately called weedas.
Men and women
are
WEEDEEK, WEEDICK,
a weed hook, an implement for cutting or uprooting weeds in corn. The present form of weedeek is a simple chisel point socketted on a long staffer shank. The old type of weedeek had a sharp point with a barb at one side. It was used with a pulling motion, and thus uprooted or cut the weed.
small, puny.
WEEDY,
"
weedy thing.
WEEK,
a corner.
"
The
weeks o' the
mooth."
WEEL, WEIL, " "

The Weel
is
a deep, still part of a river. a whirlpool a deep pool in the Coquet immediately above Brinkburn. " Bool's Weal," a similar pool at Warkworth. " " The weel the hollow in the thigh. (or weil) o' the thee
;
" A weil or wheel, as the word is sometimes written, is a still, deep part of a river, where there is mostly an eddy." S. Oliver the Younger, Rambles in Northumberland, 1835, p. 56, n.
777
WEEL,
well. In combination, Weel-handit, clever, expert ; WeelWeel-kerfd, well-known. especially applied to females. In addition to Weel-ti-dee, well-to-do. put-on, well-dressed. the ordinary adjectival and adverbial meanings of the word, weel is used as a kind of benediction.
" Weel
"
may
the keel row, that
my laddie's
in."
Keel Row, old version.

weel
I
;
and weel for a' lovers wot weel may they be And weel and weel for a' fair maidens But aye mair woe for me my love, But aye mair woe for me.
;
A. C. Swinburne, Tyneside Widow, 1888.
WEELET
on him ! smon-thee
an exclamation. Week me O' THE Weelan exclamation expressive of admiration. ! an exclamation well betide thee
!
FELLOW
WEENT, WEENED
"
(p.t. of ween),
thought.
Perhaps she wemt."
WEET,
moisture, fine rain.

"
11
Gowans sweet
in the dewy weet." James Armstrong, Flower
o'
Kielder, 1879.
The
sleet
and misty
weet are falling."
The same,
Yarrow.
WEET.
See WAIT.
WEEZE, WEASE,
a circular cushion used on the head by milkmaids, or water-carriers to protect the head fishwives, from the basket or pail carried upon it. Also a washer or packing-ring used in coupling the flanged joints of pipes. " A weise is a circular pad, commonly made of an old stocking, but
sometimes merely a wreath of straw or grass, to save the head from the pressure of the pail." S. Oliver the Younger, Rambles in Northumberland,
p. 106, n.
WEFER.
See SIDE-WEFER.
WEIL. SEE WEEL.

WEIR, WEER.
See WARE,
2.
WELK.
"
See quotation.
hare turned round to gaze, seated on its haunches, and welking its Dr. Hardy. Richardson's Table Book, Leg. long, soft ears to and fro."
Div., vol.
ii.,
p. 373.
WELL,
PANT.
any place from which water
is
obtained.
Compare
WELL [S.] to weld. " A wellin heat," a welding heat. WELLADAY a very common exclamation.
,
!
"Alas! alas! and

p. 28.
well-a-day."
" Mendicus : 'I have neythyng but wedom, we ladie, weesme." Uxor: Give God onely thanks. We have no commandment to honor our Ladie but Christ onely. " Bullein, Dialogue, E. E. Text Society, p. 7,
'
1
1.
22.
WELLANEAR,
sin syne."
very near, almost.
" Wellaneav a twel
month
WELL-EE, WELL-EYE,
a quagmire, the orifice of a well.
WELSH,
saltless, insipid. Compare WAIRSH. " Welsh and wallow are synonyma. Broth and water, or pottage without salt, are wallow or welsh. A person whose face has a raw, pale, and unhealthy look, whom a keen frosty morning pinches, or to whom it gives the appearance of misery and poverty, has a welsh and wallow face. A welsh day is the same as a sleety day, when it is neither thaw nor frost but " a wallow day " is when a cold, strong and hollow wind prevails. Wallow, applied to the state of the weather, is, I think, only applicable in a rugged and mountainous country." Hodgson MS.
;
WELT,
the ribbed part at the top of a stocking.
Hodgson
MS.
WENDED.
SeeWANDED.
Wented milk, milk kept
till
it
WEN TED.
sourness.
be approaching
"
Hodgson
MS.
It is also called gone milk.
WENTEN
WESHER,
doorway
(p.p. of wend),
went.
Still in
constant use.
He
should he' wenten hissel."

a piece of wood fastened across the bottom of a keep the rain from flowing underneath.
to
WESHINS,
of a waste kind.
the contents of a pig's tub, pig's meat, anything "As daft as weshins" is a saying of not very
obvious meaning.
WETHEN, WITHEN,
WETHER, WEDDER,
"They
a twisted or turned round about term applicable to corn tossed about by wind and weather.
;
a castrated ram.
are called wether-lambs, while sucking; then wether-hoggs, until shorn or clipped, when they take the name of shearings, &c., until they are shorn a second time, when they are young wethers, or two shear wethers; then three or four shear wethers or more, according to the times they are clipped or shorn." George Culley, Live Stock, 1801, p. 18.
77Q
"
WEY-WEY,
noo, see
'at
an expression of impatience or regret. ye dee'd better next time."
Wey-wey
WHAAP, WHAUP,
off,
" Tom's not far to whistle, to whine. aa can hear him whaapin." " What's thoo whaap-whaupin aboot ? " (addressed to a child, or anyone making a tiresome
or
monotonous complaint).
WHAAP, the curlew. See WHAUP. WHAG, a lump, a large piece, a large
WHANG.
11
slice of bread.
See
Bring pockets
Ye'll get
like
a fiddle bag,
wi'
them cram'd
mony a whag." Wreckenton Hiring.

WHAM, in place-names, occurs in South-west Northumberland,

as
W'hit-wham,
see.
Wham-lands.
Probably the same as wheam,
which
WHANG
a [N.] [T.], [W.-T.] large slice ; a strip, especially a strip of hide used as a thong " heudin " of or lace. Shoe-whang, a shoe-lace. The end or a flail is lashed to the wood with a whang. Whaings, lashing or castigation with a leather strap. "To tine the whinger " for a ha'penny whang to lose the knife for want of a halfpenny strap or girdle is an old Scotch proverb.
, ,
WHEANG
WHAING
"
Your milk cheese

them yence
i'
whangs and flaps." Song, The Tinker's Wedding.
" Let
Nae
get him into their taings weel, fear but they'll give him his whaings weel." J. Shield, Bonny Gyetsiders. Marshall's Songs, 1827, p. 25.
WHARRY,
quick
a quarry.
quite.
and
So also Which and White, spoken for Compare the old hard sound in quhen, quig,
in
and
quhair,
now spoken
the
dialect,
as
in
colloquial
English, when, whig, where.
WHASS,
T
a mason's pick with two wasp and scaplar.
flat
points.
Called also
W HAT-E-WHEY-BIRD,
WHAT-FOR,
"
one of many names by which the
whitethroat, Curruca cinerea, Brisson, is called. This used near the Border. See WHUSHIE-WHEY-BEARD.
name
is
why, wherefore.
Tim
Occasionally what-for-because.
We a'
ha'e wor likins, what-for should'nt

Tunbelly.
Tim ?
"
780
WHATTEN," WHATTENA, WHAT-LIKE,

!
what, what Whatten claes he' ye putten on thi day?" kind of. " " Whatten-a wark he's what a pother he's making. myekin " What-like hat had he on ?" " Divers men will say, and especially Northern men, to one that doth anything unhandsomely, Whaten a Nash it is for What an ass it is and an ass, all men know, hath not a good wit." The Trimming of Thomas
!
;
Nashe, 1597, p. 27.
WHAUP, WHAAP,
"
or curlew, Numenius arquata,
LANG-NEBBED-WHAUP,
.
the
See WHAAP.
fell."
Many a cock of sable hue, Snipe, whaup, and gor-cock
Robt. Roxby, Lay of
the
Reedwater Minstrel, 1809.
WHEAM,
snug, sheltered, impervious to the wind.Brockett.
"to whom does it WHEEL. SeeWEEL.

aa'd
?
WHEE
[S.
and T.]
WHAE or WHAY
belong
?
[N.]
who.
" Whee's
Whese or Wheeze, whose.
WHEEN,
WHEEP,
" Aa hevn't seen him these a few, a good number. " "A that is, for several days. wheen days gey wheen" a considerable number.
to
throw anything suddenly and violently round

one
at
arm's length.
WHEEPEE-LEEKIE,
who
will turn
anyway
for a trifle.
WHEIET
people.
(why-et) t quiet.
Occasionally heard spoken by old
WHEMMLE, WHAMMLE, WHUMMLE,
to turn anything as completely over, to turn a vessel upside down so " to cover " Whemmle a swill ower the hen invert a up anything. basket over it. Hens that persist in "clocking" when not wanted to do so are thus treated, generally with success.
WHETSTONE,
WHEW,
motion
this.
of or strata argillaceous and siliceous hazle-stone in the carboniferous limestone formation.

to move quickly, the sound of The whistling sound in the air.
"
WHETSTONE-SILL,
anything in rapid made to resemble
Compare WHITHER.
The Rabble rowt sae whew'd and whirl'd, When Pipe and Shaum together skirl'd."
Discourse, 1686, p. 43,
781
WHEWS, the wigeon, Mama Penelope, L.

blue-neb.
Also called hue and

"
WHICK
The place (the pronunciation of quick), alive, living. " wis which wi' rabbits." u Owse whick (anything alive) was the button motto of the members of a pack of hounds near Felton (de Lisle), who were not particular what species of animal they pursued. The word is sometimes applied to the " To life principle. put his whick oot," to put an end to his life. So also Whick-hedge, Whick-wood hedge or dyke, and Whick, the Whicks, young hawthorn plants for hedging. " Aa've cutten me nail inti the whick" quick or live flesh. a fine prick or thorn, as the spike of a Whicken [N.]
,
thistle, etc., which enters the skin and presses into the flesh. " Thor's nowt se queer as folk, especially hwick uns." Old saying. " A Northumbrian countryman still deems it necessary to call a thorn " (from a hedge a whick (that is, quick) hedge by way of distinction C. J. Bates, Anhceologia Mliana, vol. xiv,, p, 224, n. 3. stockade).
WHIG KENS,
underground stems and roots of field weeds Holcus mollis, as generally, including those of A vena elatior and well as the prevalent couch grass, Triticumrepens, L. Whickens " are eradicated by a "grubber" or grub-scuffler," thrown in heaps and burnt. They are also called rack or wrack.
Compare WHICKEN under previous word.
WHICKEN-TREE,
WHIG,
"
the mountain ash, Pyrus See ROWAN, WITCHWOOD.

a preparation of whey. The whey was infused with mint and
aucuparia, Gaertn.
sage,
soured a
little
with
buttermilk. It was boiled first, then boiled a little more, cooled and Hodgson MS. clarified, and, when cold, was ready."
WHIG,
"It
an old term
is
for a
Nonconformist.
rather curious to be informed by Mr. Brand, that he read a Church Vestry (Newcastle), intimating public register in St. Andrew's that there was a burying place in Sidgate of the quigs (Whigs). And to this day, dissenters, in many parts of Northumberland, are termed Impartial Hist, of Newcastle, 1801. whigs." " still in use Whigs, the Northumberland reproach for Presbyterians, In Newcastle they and other Nonconformists in some inland localities. Dr. Hardy, Denham Tracts, English Folk-lore Society, were called
quigs."
1892, p. 351-
WHIGGIN,
or SWIGGIN, the condition of prostration from " That over exertion or from unduly taxing the strength.
load's gi'en
him a
whiggin,"
782
fighting or rioting. often said to cause whigs-on-the-green.
at times,
"
WHIGS-ON-THE-GREEN,
rowdy
is
village
WHILES, "
Aa
whiles
meet him
sometimes, now and then, ever and anon. i' the mornins."
So we staggered alang
fra the toon, mun, Whiles gannin, whiles byeth fairly doon, mun." J. Selkirk, Bob Cranky's 'Size Sunday.
WHILK,
which.
still
common and
Now obsolete on Tyneside, but formerly used in remote parts of Northumberland.

lot
" In whilk ne share nor
have we."
Pitman's Pay, pt.
i.,
v. 55.
WHILT,
older
an indolent person.
"
An
idle whilt."Brockett.
WHIM-GIN, "
a winding-engine worked by horses. When the cog-and-rung-gin," which worked directly over a pit shaft, was superseded, the new engine was called a whim, a
whimsey, or whim-gin.
See GIN
2,
COG-AND-RUNG-GIN.
Whim-
wham, frivolous.
The
roller is at
conceit, a whim. " In a the ropes run upon two wheel pullies over the shaft whim-gin
Whimsey, a
distance,
ij.,
new
some
"
round the shaft
(this History of Newcastle, vol.
and the circular track of the horses is not was the manner of the earlier gin). Brand,
1789, p. 684.
" Seun as
we parted
p. 9.
Another whimsey straight up started."
WHIN, WHUN-STYEN, basalt, or any

stratified rocks.
compact and intensely hard rock that clinks under the hammer. Whin-dyers, nodules of hard stone. Whin-dyke, an intrusion of basalt intersecting
Whinny, exceedingly hard, as whinny post, etc. Whin-roll [North Tynedale] a basalt dyke. Whin-sill, the It great basaltic dyke which traverses Northumberland. is so-called because sometimes seen like a stratum or sill, intercalated among stratified rocks.
,
'
Whin, the hardest sort of stone met with in the earth."

Collier, 1708, p. 12.
J.
C.,
Combleat
"In the Newcastle coal-field the term whin is applied to many of the strata; these strata, so named, are, however, not whin (that is, basalt), but are sandstones of the hardest kind." Forster, Section of the Strata,
1821, p. 44, n.
WHIN, WHUN,
"
furze or gorse, Ulex Euvopceus, L.
CAT-WHIN, HEATHER-WHIN, and MOOR-WHIN.
See
WHUN.
Compare
When
the whin's not in bloom kissin's not in fashion."
Old saying.
783
WHINGE, WHEENGE,
to whine as a hurt or restless dog does, or as a child in petulant crying. dog is said to " whinge, a calf to blair. Keep quiet, thoo whingin, peengin " wammerel (said to a fretful child).
" I blair'd and whindg'd lyke ony man, And down my cheeks the salt tears ran."
p. 58.
WHINK,
a short, sharp cry. " He was whiles gi'in a whink o' a greet." Whinkin, giving mouth that is, giving the short yelp as a dog does when close to its game. peculiar
to extend his cry
" Whink, the bark of a collie, when, from want of breath, he is unable or his shrill impatient tone, when he loses sight of the hare he has been in pursuit of." Jamieson.
;
WHINNY,
Literally the sound of insinuating speech. recognition made by a horse ; but applied to any coaxing, wheedling request addressed to a person. "Aw ken'd what they were by their whinnie" T. Thompson, Canny Newcastle,
to bewail, to weep.
"
WHIPE,
Come, dinna, dinna whinge an

Cheer up,
whipe,
maw
hinny
J.
leet
thee pipe."
Shield, d. 1848,
Bob Cranky s Adieu.
WHISHT,
hush! be quiet.
"Had
yor whisht"
hold your
tongue, cease making a noise.
WHISKERS,
" bunches of straw in the " maidens of the great of the spinningspinning-wheel. They formed the bearings Also an extemporised oil. spindle, and were lubricated with small bundle of knitting-sheath made by tying together a
straws.
WHISKET,
"
little
basket.
Ray, Glossary, 1691.
Whishet, a basket, a skuttle, or shallow ped."

11
whisket,
a whasket
buy a penny basket."

Children's rhyme, Newcastle.
WHISKEY,
a one-horse conveyance, a light gig.

"
Then ower the land we'd a whiskey, Which went twice or thrice in a day,
Which used And quite
to take all the fine gentry, in an elegant way."
Changes on
the Tyne.
p. 215.
784
quite.
WHITE, WHEIT,
for quicken.
"
Compare
which for quick, whicken
When
wheit
duen ower, the
Swallwell Hoppin.
fiddlers went." Bell's Rhymes, 1812, p. 47.
WHITE,
finishing
to
an
grindstone, quarrymen say they whuttlin an' whitin at a stick." " Give him a stick an' he's aal reet." Whitins, chips or whittlings.
whittle, to shave or chip off small flakes in article with a knife or pick. In finishing off a " are whitin it. wis
He
ti
white,
WHITE, WHEYTE, to
"God
requite.
(Obs.)
wheyte her, for ill-behavin' se ti maw bayrne." T. Bewick, The Upgetting, ed. 1850, p. 15.
WHITE-GOULANS, the generic name in Northumberland

the flowers
for
known
The
as big
daisies.
WHITE-HEFT,
"
cajolery, knavery.
loss o' the cotterels
aw dinna
regaird,
For aw've getten some

T.
white-heft o' Lunnun." Thompson, d. 1816, Canny Newcastle.
WHITE-HODDY,
WHITE-KITTY,
the farm call to geese.

cinerea, Brisson.
the whitethroat, Curruca
See
WHUSHIE-WHEY-BEARD.
WHITELAW,
WHITLEY,
P- 77-
place-name, a white
iii.,
hill
with a roundish head.
2, p. 77.
in place-names, blanch or white land, that is, dry, open, pasture ground, in opposition to wood-land and black land growing heath. Hodgson, Northumberland, iii., 2,
WHITE-NEBB'D
The base
;
CRAA., the rook, Corvus frugilegus, L. of the rook's bill is covered with a rough scabrous skin whence the distinctive name white-neb, in contrast with black-neb, by which the carrion crow is known.
ride white
oste,
WHITE-OAST. To
unarmed
"
to ride as a peaceable or au
(th)ir
traveller.
gif
it
(Obs.)
See OASTE.
gretter,
And
happens that any
of the ta Rea(l)ume,
or of the tothir, schapes for to ride white oste."

1324-
Indenture, isth
March,
WHITE-OWL,
scveech owl
the barn owl, Strix flammea, L.

howlet.
Called also
and
785
WHITE-PLEUF, WHITE PLOUGH.
See FULL PLOUGH.
WHITE RENT,
money.
(Obs.)
quit
rent;
rent
paid in silver or white
WHITE-RUMP,
movement.
like that."
the wheatear, Saxicola &nanthe, L.
WHITHER, WHUTHER,
a noise caused by a rushing Whither or Whuther, to move rapidly with a " Dinna whither ower the leaves o' the beuk fluttering sound.
See SWITHER and WITHER."

at the heart."
Brockett.
Whuthenng, a throbbing or palpitation
WHITLING, WHUTLIN,
first
11
the young of the bull trout in
its
year.
It
and from
have.''
has probably obtained the name from its light, silvery appearance, its having no red or dark spots on its sides, as other trouts
S. Oliver, Fly-Fishing, 1834, P- 68.
WHITRACK, WHITREEK, WHUTREEK

The term
is
[N.], a weasel. " To expression run like a wkutreek," descriptive of something going fast upon The old forms of the word are whit-rat and its legs. whytratche, the latter probably being from the white under " ratch " which characterises the weasel. stripe or
preserved in the very
common
" Whitrack
skin,
a purse
made
of the skin of a weasel, Moray."
Jameison.
WHITTER,
is
a low, plaintive, murmuring noise.

the portion of a coal seam that
time.
workings, were in process."
pillar
WHOLE, WHOLE COAL,

being driven into for the
"
first
Both whole and broken, or
R. Scott,
Ventilation of Coal Mines, 1868, p. 8.
WHORL,
used
in
anything that turns applied to the primitive weight spinning with rock and whorl then applied to the countershaft pulley of a spinning-wheel. " He's as deef as a whorl," a somewhat common expression in Upper Coquetdale.
; ;
WHORL, WHURL, WHORL,
Whurls are a round knob of wood. round pieces of wood attached to the points of the horns of a dangerous animal.
to
hurl, to whirl.
hurl-barra,
Whorl-barra, a
wheel-barrow;
sometimes called a
786
WHOUP,
cases
a hope or upland part of a valley (Rothbury). There are many hopes in Northumberland, besides those at the head waters of rivers, as Alnvtickhope, Amblehope,
usual pronunciation of hope in these are eminences merely, and contrast with such altitudes as Hedgehope (2,346 feet), Whickhope Nick (1,239 feet), Kilhope (2,206 feet), Sinderhope (969 feet), etc.
Ulghamhope,
is up.
etc.
The
They
WHULPIN,
falling to pieces. "Jeest at the whulpin"on the point of falling asunder; said when a heavy load of hay, etc., shows signs of loosening and falling to pieces.
WHUMLICK,
hemlock.
See HUMLICK.
WHUMMLE, WUMMLE, a wimble. WHUMMLE, to overturn. See WHEMMLE. WHUN, WHIN, furze, Ulex Europaus, L. Whun-bus, a furze
bush.
in
Whun-how, a hoe for stubbing up whins or furze shape like a carpenter's adze.
it is
WHUPPY,
a straw-rope six or eight feet long used for binding bottles of straw. Whuppies are usually doubled so that each half twists lightly round the other. They are thus put away in bundles ready for use.
to run a series of loops or stitches along the edge of material at one insertion of the needle. In doing this the needle is rapidly turned over and under the edge alternately, producing a temporarily sewn edge which prevents fraying of the cloth.
WHUP-STITCH, WHIP-STITCH,
WHUP-STITCH, WHUP-TOUCH, WHUP-WHILE, "

a quick recurring interval. there iv a whup-stitch (or a whup -touch}."
momentary
p*ause,
Aa'll
be
" She every whup-while wanted Bella." T. Wilson, Pitman's Pay, pt.
iii.,
1829, v. 117.
WHUSHIE-WHEY-BEARD,
See the same bird under
its
the whitethroat, Curmca cinerea. various aliases, what-e-whey-bird,
white Kitty, lady -lint-white, cut-throat, Jenny cut-throat.
WHUSK, the game of whist. WHUSSEL-WOOD, whistle-wood;
a thin branch of willow It is cut into lengths of or other smooth-stemmed wood. about three inches, wetted and hammered gently until the outer bark slides off entire. It is then hollowed to make a whistle and the bark is replaced.
787
WHUSSEN-BANK, "
a
fair whussen-bank
upside
down
" This hoose is confusion, topsy-turvy. that is, out of order, everything being or in great confusion.
WHUSSEN-TIDE,
Sunday.
Whitsuntide.
Whussen- Sunday,
Whit-
WHUTHER.
WHUTTLE,
WHY,
if.
See WHITHER.
a whittle or pocket knife.
See WHITE,
2.
"
wad
ha'
come why
calf,
hadn't."
WHYE, WHIE,
a female
stirk, or
two-year-old.
first
Often
whey calf
spelt quey. " My son Richard shall give my daughter Isabel the that God sends him." Welford, Hist, of Newcastle, vol. ii.,
p. 465.
WI
Win is the spoken form of with. " Wi me," " Wi them," Wiv ony on ye," etc. " He wis forst wi Bob, then wiv Anty, whiles wi wor Bill, and last of a' wiv aad Jack hissel." The
"
variant
[T.] WU, and [N.] [W.-T.] with. In South Northumberland and on Tyneside Wi is used when it precedes a word beginning with a consonant or a close vowel. But when an open vowel or a mute aspirate follows, Wiv or
,
,
WE
WO
Wuv is sometimes used for wiv. '* Him an' Tommy should he' gyen wu wor Geordy, an' not wuv a chep like that."
"
WICE-LIKE,
chep torned
winsome, good-looking.
"Jack's a
fellow.
wice-like
become
good-looking
Compare
WlSENT.
WICK,
;
a common termination to place-names in Northumberas in Alnwick, "Berwick, T)otwick, TLlswick, Prendwick, land Walwick, and some twenty-three more places. Here it has no connection with wick, a creek or bay. " Wick a borough, or village but is now scarce made use of, only at the end of some names of towns as Berwick, Chiswick." New World of
;
Words, 1706.
WID,
with
it.
WIDDLE.
See
WUDDLE.
WIDDY, WUDDY, WITHY,
a band made of twisted willow twigs, a noose, or tying band, the iron ring to which a cow is tied in a byre. Widdy or Withy, a hangman's noose. Hence " the the gallows is called Tow-wuddy, a harrow widdy."
788
neck,
chain. Cut-willey, the iron loop on a swingle-tree. Widdya slender hazel or willow rod sharpened at both ends and twisted or bruised in the middle so that it will bend. It was used by thatchers. See SCOUB, i.
"
The
tied is called
use of iron
iron ring uniting the band of a cow and the post to which she is a widdy from its being made of oziers before the common As tough as a widdy.' " Hodgson MS.
'
WIDDY- WIDDY- WAY,

a boys' game.
or
boys start hand in hand from a "bay," and endeavour to touch their opponents. Anyone touched must return with them to the bay and join hands with
the first to make a fresh sally. The numbers thus receive constant accessions but if the chain of hands be broken, the sally has proved a failure, and each outsider endeavours to capture and ride in triumph on the back of one of his quondam pursuers. The broken and scattered rank is re-formed as soon as all have reached the bay, and each fresh sally is begun with a chorus
; :
Two
WITTY- WITTY- WAY,
"
Widdy-widdy-way
;
;
the morrow's the market day
Slyarter, slyarter
comin away, comin away
"
WIDE-BOARD,
an excavation in coal a pillar in length and four or five yards in width, usually driven at right angles to the cleavage of the coal. Headways is the direction of the cleat. Greenwell, Coal Trade Terms, 1888.
WIDE-COAT,
an overcoat.
Between two places

2.
different temperature it is difference atween them."
common
to say " There's
of greatly
a.
wide-coat
Compare SIDE,
WIFE,
any
woman,
wife!" or " Puddm-zw/i?." "Mug an' dubbler-wife." either wives or daughters.

11
" staid " woman, whether married or single. " if a stranger, is addressed as wife. Hi, canny "Hi, canny body!" never as woman simply.
These might be
So get the weighty prayers Of the porters in the chares,
And
the wives that
sell
the wares,
Quayside
ditty,
Mr. Mayor, Mr. Mayor."

1816.
WIG," a
wig
this.
is
" tea-cake, a yeasted cake with kneading in it. A spice one with currants. Tea-cake is the modern name for The story goes that a Newcastle lass, in service in
Being London, enquired where she could get some wigs. directed to a barber's shop, she astonished the "artiste" by " spice wigs" as she wanted half a asking the price of his
dozen
for tea.
789
WIG.
See WHIG.
See WITE.
of the upper class.
WIGHT.
WIGHT-RIDING,
(Obs.)
WILD-FIRE, WUL-FIRE, summer
lightning, inflammable gas in a mine. Also the glimmer seen on the wheels of carts or the shoes of travellers, which in passing over swampy moorlands are often seen as if beset with thousands of luminous sparkles, or even sheets of flame. This is occasioned
in upon the decayed vegetable ingredients underneath the surface, which teem with phosphorescent matter visible only in the dark, and when thus excited. Hardy, Richardson s Table Book, Leg. Div., vol. ii., p. 381, n. Compare MER-FIRE.
by breaking
WILD-KAIL, WILD-COLE,
Linn.
" Sea cole the
wild cabbage, Brassica

Northumberland
this
oleracea,
same is
called in
daye wild
kole."
Turner, Herbal, 1548,
p. 89.
WILD-LEEK,
ursinum.
the ramsons or broad-leaved See RAMPS.
garlic,
Allium
WILD-PIGEON, ROCK-PIGEON,
livia, Brisson.
'
the rock dove, Columba
This is a resident, and is undoubtedly the true Stock Dove from which the domestic pigeon is derived." Hancock, Birds of Northumberland, p. 85.
WILD-RADISH,
RUNCH.
the charlock, Raphanus mphanistrum, L.
See
WILK, WILLOK, WULLOK, WULK [N.], PENNYWILK, a periwinkle, the edible sea-shell fish, Turbo
littoreus,
L.
boi-ild-wilks
"
Buy
buy
boi-ild-wilks ?
"
Newcastle
street cry.
WILLOCK,
lavy,
the guillemot,
Una
troilt,
L.
Called also wullemot,
and
scoot.
WILLY- WAN, WULLY-WAN,

WlDDY.
willow rod.
Compare
WILT,
to wither or dry up, as a plant when exposed to the burning rays of the sun.
7QO
an infant's night-gown. Still Also a petticoat or under-garment.
so-
WILY-COAT, WYLLY,
called in Redesdale.
11
The
sisters
shew'd their wyly-coats." G. Stuart, Joco-Serious Discourse, 1686,
p. 31.
WIMPLE,
WIN,
to ripple, to
[N.]
,
murmur.
WUN
to
the street this minute." canna win at it " cannot
" Aa saa him win doon go or come. "He wan to the hoose." "Aa
it. Win-oot, to get out or Win to, to gain access. Win tee, To win" is especially used in a transitive sense in its application to harvesting, quarrying, or mining. " To win stone " To win the hay," to harvest the hay crop. " To win the coal " that at a quarry." to arrive by is, new colliery is thus called sinking at the beds of coal. a winning or new winning. When a " trouble " is encountered in a pit, causing the coal to disappear, it is recovered by a winning ; that is, by driving a drift. Winning is also applied that is, the passage driven into to the headways or board the coal itself. Winning headways are passages driven in the direction of the cleavage of the coal to explore and open out
escape with
difficulty. to get to. "
come at Win in,
the seam.
WIN
" He'd wunnen up Wunnen), to wind. Wun up, the clock an' forgetten ti shut the door on't." wound up, strung up, or raised to a high pitch of excitement. Winban, Wunban, a band of hoop-iron wound round a broken or shaken cart-shaft so as to hold the spliced or weak parts
(past.,
Wun ;
p.p.
together, or an iron band put round an injured spoke of a wheel. Wind, to draw coals up a pit shaft. WindingWinding-shaft, the engine, a colliery engine for winding coals. working shaft of a colliery.
WIN,
with.
Used instead
of wi
when
followed by a vowel or
for wiv,
an h mute and as a euphonious alternative See Wi. also used in the same way.
"
which
is
Aw
wark
i'
the keel alang win her father." G. Ridley, Blaydon Keelman,
WINCH,
"
to start or wince.
is
horse winches or attempts to bite while his saddle Hodgson MS.
girding."
WIND,
"
WUND
"
(short),
he'll
to
talk lengthily
or interminably.
Aa
left
him windin on."

But
Windy, Wundy, loquacious.
And
be guzzlin at the pay, windin on aboot his wark." T. Wilson, Pitman's Pay, 1826, pt.
i.,
v. 88.
7QI
called a barn-sheet
WINDA-CLAITH,
winnowing cloth since the invention of machinery.
now
WIND-BALK,
WlNERE.
a wind-beam or collar-beam a beam stretching across the upper part of two roof principals. See (Obs.)
;
WINDBORE,
WINDER,
bit
the bottom end of a set of pumps in a coal pit, cast with round holes, through which the water passes. See
SNORE-HOLES.
WUNDER
wheat an' then winnowing machine.

pair of bellows.
[N.] we'll
to winnow. be dyun."
" We'll winder that Winderin -machine, a
WIND-FALD, WIND-FALL,
the valve or clack-piece in a
WINDOW-SWALLOW,
WIND-SHOVEL,
WINDY,
wavy
the house martin, Chelidon
urbica,
L.
a vane or tan.
Hodgson
MS.
winding or wavy. Applied to strata which assume a form, and are hence called windy beds.
WINDY-HASH, WINDY-WALLOPS, WINDY"

Had yor gob a very talkative person. " " He's nowt bud a a fair windy-wallets ! windy-hash."
WALLETS,
yo'r
WINE-RAPE,
a wain-rope used for lashing straw, etc., on a cart.
down
corn, hay,
WIN ERE,
The top winere is the wind-balk or a long beam. collar-beam in a housetop. The side winere is the long beam on which frame-houses formerly rested. (Obs.)
" 'Bout
WINKERS,
the eyes. A cant term. Lunnun then div'nt ye mak
sic a rout, There's nouse there ma winkers to dazzle." T. Thompson, d. 1816, Canny Newcastle.
WINNA,
wi' ye."
WUNN A, WINNET, will not. "

He
winnet
"
Aa winna be
fashed
end there,
ye'll see."
"
Hey, Willy Ridley, winna you stay ? Fetherston's lads ha' gotten the day. Where are ye gannin' liltin' away ? With a ha, ha, winna you stay ? Hey, Willy Ridley, winna you stay
"
24), p.
R. Surtees, Life (Surtees Society, No.
47
2E
792
WINNELS,
reels for winding off hanks or skeins of spun material upon clews or balls. Garn winnels were for yarn, and were a simple arrangement of a stand and horizontal wheel. On this were movable pegs to hold the skein. Line winnels were for fine lint thread. From an upright stalk two axles were fixed at right angles, and on these the bobbins or pirns with the thread were run. (Obs.)
WINNEL-STRAA, WUNNEL-STREE [N.] WOONELSTREE [W.-T.], the seed stems or long dried stalks of
,
grasses.
Also
known
as brent grass.
" Grass is said to go away into winnel-straes when the culms wither in the end of summer, and become dead and useless." Johnston, Botany of Eastern Borders, p. 212.
WINRAA, WUNRAA,
ready to be trailed together
a long row of for piking.
"won" hay
raked up,
WINTER, WUNTER,
an iron frame made to fit on the bars of the kitchen range, on which sad-irons are placed to be heated. It is also used for heating or cooking anything before the bars of the fire.
a hair-line by which a fish-hook is attached to a small line called a " snood," which in turn is spliced on to the " back" or principal line used in fishing haddocks, etc. a blow from the flat hand. ower the lug." See SIDE-WIPE.
or
WIP,
WIPE,
"
Aa
fetched
him a
wipe
WIRE-BENT,
BENT.
BLACK-BENT,
the Nardus stricta.L.
See
WIRE-DRAAN,
when
A pump is wire-drawn restricted, impeded. the apertures at the suction end are too small.
right, rightly or
WI' REETS, by
"
more properly.
wV
nets."
pt.
iij.,
Mony
a time the hours spent there

gi'en to sleep
Should ha'e been
1829, v. 100.
WIS, WE'S, we
will,
1
we
shall.
if
" We's a be hangid
we
stay." Surtees, Ballad of Featherstonhaugh.
793
WISE,
" Wise to let, to let in, to let out, to let go, to let off. " Wise oot the horse." " the dog oot." Oppen the yett an' " Aa'll wise " He wis wise the coo in." ye through the yett." a seugh ti wise the watter away." howkin "He wus the sheep " Wise oot." away !" the order given to heave up a winding " Wise doon the rope. hyuk" lower down the hook. " " Wise had o' " leave hold of. " Wise go the reens let go " the reins. " Wise off the rope let go the rope.
" Well, Thompson, I suppose you put half a dozen sheep or so on to Deed did aa no, sir aa just wised on fifty score " the Plea Shank ? See Welford, Life of R. Can Ellison.
'
'
'
"
Whilk amang them can mairch, turn, an' wheel Whilk their guns can wise off half sae weel sae ?
J.
sae
"
Shield,
Bonny
Gyetsiders (Volunteers of 1805).
WISE,
" To wise into to insinuate, to work into. that is, cunningly to wriggle into into favour" favour. Hodgson MS.
sagacious.
company company
or or
WISE-LIKE,
" That's a
wise-like
dog
o'
yors."
WISE-MAN,
charms.
a diviner or practitioner
who cured
diseases by
11 boy hurt his hand with a rusty nail, near here; he was instantly His directions were that sent to Winlaton, to see the Wise Man there. the boy had to take the nail to a blacksmith, to be well filed and polished, and to be rubbed each morning before sunrise, and each by doing this the wound was cured. When evening before sunset anyone is cut with a sickle it is taken home and kept well polished, that the wound may be healed." Bigge, Trans. Tyneside Nat. Field Club,
;
1860-62, vol.
v., p. 91.
WISENT, made
wise by experience. " He wis oney young but he's wisent noo." Compare WICE-LIKE. then,
pale, sickly, delicate,
WISHY-WASHY, WHIFFY-WAFFY, "

thin,
"
weak,
insipid.
The
broth's oney wishy-washy."
wishy-washy discourse."
"
Aw
The
fand masel blonk'd
when
to
Lunnun
I gat,
folks they a' luck'd wishy-washy." T. Thompson, d. 1816,
Canny Newcastle.
" If thou feels whiffy-wa/y." Bards of the Tyne, p. 114. J. P. Robson,
WIT,
knowledge.
"
Hes he
getten wit on't
'at
yor here
"
?
WIT (p.t.,
wote), to know. " Gin they wit but what
we wote"G,
Stuart, Joco-Serious Discourse
j686, p. 5.
794
the plant shepherd's needle, Scandix
WITCHES-NEEDLES,
Pecten,
" of our country women call the long beaked fruit the DeiVs Darning Needle, and others Adam's Needle, from their unlearned conjecture that therewith our first parents stitched the primitive robe. I have recently heard it called Elshins, i.e., awls and the DeiVs elshin." Hardy, Hist. Bwks. Nat. Club, vol. vi., p. 159.
;
L. Some
WITCHES-THIMBLE,
Linn.
the purple foxglove, Digitalis purpurea, Called also deed-man's bells. the
WITCH-HOLES,
etc., for
name
what are described by geologists as " swallow-holes." The percolation of rain-water at the outcrop of a bed of limestone dissolves the rock below, and these curious sinkings of the surface are the result. See SWALLOW-HOLE, WATERFALL-HOLES,
s.v.
in parts of
Coquetdale, Redesdale,
WATER.
WITCHWOOD, WUTCHWOOD, the wood of the mountain

ash.
Two pieces were tied in form of a cross to guard against witchcraft. " Witchwood, the mountain ash, called in divers parts of Northumberland the Whicken-tree and Rowan-tree. In the days of yore rowan-tree was of paramount importance in Northumberland and elsewhere. Almost every mansion and outhouse was guarded with it in some shape. Usually the dwelling-house was secured with a rowan-tree pin, that the
might not cross the threshold. In addition to the bit in his pocket, the ploughman yoked his oxen to a rowan-tree bough, and with a whip attached to a rowan-tree shaft drove the incorrigible steer along the ridge. Moreover, the ox not unlikely had his horns decorated with red thread, amidst which pieces of rowan-tree were inserted, or a portion of the wood hieroglyphed with quaint devices and similarly garnished with threads might preadventure be dangled at the tail. Sailors had a store of this on board their vessel." Dr. Hardy, Richardson's Table
evil thing
'
'
Book, Leg. Div., vol.
ii.,
p. 182, n.
WITE,
it
a large wooden hoop with a sheepskin stretched across a drum-head. In appearance it is like a large tambourine, and it is used as a hand vessel for carrying corn and for other purposes. In the old method of winnowing by hand the corn was allowed to fall from a wife, and the chaff was separated by the wind as it fell. In Scotland the form is Wecht; in the Boldon Buke it is spelt Wehit or Wheit.
like
WITE, WYTE, "

Hodgson MS.
aa's sure." of doing it.
" Don't lay the wite on me." " " It was na maa wyte, wyte was't ? " " He got the blame gat the wyte o' deein'd " Aa'll tyek the wite on't."
blame.
Whee's
WITED,
as eed or
decreed.
eet.)
"
It's just
been wited that way."
(When
ed
forms the
last syllable of a
word
it
is
generally pronounced
795
WITHER, WUTHER,
WHEW,
"
to
rush
with
violence.
all
Compare
WHITHEJR, and SWITHER.

She
withered about,
and dang down
the gear."
Sawney Ogilby's Duel. Northumberland Garland, 1793, p 207.
WITHERSHINS,
the direction contrary to the sun's course. Deazil, in the direction of the sun's course.
"The Keeldar Stone forms at this period a boundary mark on the confines of Northumberland and Jed Forest. It is a rough insulated mass, of considerable demensions, and it is held unlucky to ride or walk, withershins three times round it." M. A. Denham, Folk-lore of Northumberland, etc., 1858, p. 45.
WITHOUTEN, WITHOOTEN, "

common
without.
in colloquial talk. wis withouten tiv his foot or a bite tiv his mooth."
He
This form is still owther shoe
" Withouten either dread or fears." T. Donaldson, An Elegy on a Favourite Stallion, 1809.
WITHY,
" I
a tie
made
of twisted willow twigs.

in
See WIDDY.
had better bee hangad
rowfooted Scot."
or in a cowtaile, then be a Bullein, Dialogue, 1564, E.E. Text Society, p. 6, 1. 21.
withie,
WITTER,
witter."
water [Alnwick] See WATER.

with
;
"
.
Aa'm gan doon
to the broad
WIV, WUV,
used before an open vowel or a mute
See Wi. Wiv's, with his. aspirate. " Wiv a coal in each hand, ashore then he went." W. Armstrong, The Jenny Hoolet.
WIVER,
seats rest.
one of the timbers or wales of a boat on which the See INWIVER.

without.
"
WIVOOT,
Aa
niver can misdoot him, Sic brave ways he hes aboot him, But O it's lone wivoot him, That bonny lad o' mine."
!
Geordy's Last, 1878, p. 20.
WIZEN
throat).
[N.]
(i
doon the wrang wizen"
" It's gaen long), the weasand or windpipe. of food that has stuck in the (said
WIZEN,
" Old to shrivel, to dry up, to become wrinkled. " " The trees hes shrivelled old hag. wizen-kited quine aal wizened."
WO
[W.-T.]
wall.
See also Wi.
79^
a cartman's order to his horse to stop or Wo-hi and Wo-hick, turn to left or near side.
off side.
WO, WO-HAY,
stand
still.
Wo-hup or Wo-gee, turn to right or
WODE, WUD, mad. " Man, WODENSDAY, Wednesday.
yo'r wode /"
See
WUD.
"I can recollect perfectly when it was invariably pronounced Wodensday by old country people in Northumberland." Note by Mr. M. H. Dand.
WOE-LEET-O'T
exclamation.
woe
light
on't,
woe
betide
it
an
WOH
[W.-T.]
with.
woh
SeeWi.
Jemmy Grame,
the theaker lad." T. Bewick, The Upgetting, ed. 1850,
p. 12.
"On
WOMAN-BODY,
woman-body
ti
a female. "They should get some decent leuk efter the bairns an' dee the hoose torns."
See BODY, i. Womenfolk, women. Compare MENFOLK. terms are in constant general use. " Thame days the sarvin lads was train'd to de yen's biddin The wummin foak fill'd muck, an" lasses turn'd the midden."
:
The
G. Chatt, Old Farmer, Poems, 1866,
p. 86.
WONWEARD.
WOOD-FULL,
See.WANWAiRD.
;
full to the top exactly applied to carts when loaded up exactly to the shilvins and no more also to coal tubs filled just level with the top of the tub.
;
WOOD-HEAD,
the refuse chips or blocks of whinstone, which are unsuitable for paving blocks or other uses. a rack for supporting planks of
for
WOOD-HORSE,
gs.
wood
set
up
to be seasoned or ready for the joiners' use. " 1646. It. pd. for timber and workmanship
4d."
the
wood-horss,
WOOD-OWL,
also cushat
the tawny owl, Syrnium aluco, L. as Jenny hoolet and ivy owl.
Known
also
WOOD-PIGEON,
and
Bechstein.
the ring dove, Columba palumbus, L. the
Called
cushy-doo.
WOOD-WARBLER,
WOODY,
to separate.
wood wren,
Phyllopneuste sibilatrix,
tough. Woody coal, coal which is tough and difficult " Me teeth's Woodifu, Wudifu, hard, like wood. gyen, but aa he' woodifu gums."
797
WOOSE, juice, "

A
or any oozy secretion. See OOSE. kynde of woose or fome which issueth owte of the hill, and therewith theye color or dye theyre wool." Duke of Northumberland's MS., dated 1595. The woose in this case was probably a soft ochre.
WOR, WORS,
is
The possessive form our, ours. [N.] sometimes spoken with a full vocalization, as at Alnwick, where the sound woviz is heard. " It's not yoris it's woris." A woman, speaking of her husband, frequently uses the pronoun wors. "Aa'll see aboot it when wars comes hyem."
,
WUR
Worsels, ourselves. " In defence o' wor country, wor laws, an" wor king,t May a Peercy still lead us to battle." R. Gilchrist, Northumberland Free o' Newcassel, 1824.
WORK,
to twitch as in pain or in a fit. Workin, moving. Specially applied to those movements which appear to be spontaneous, as the working of fermentation in beer or bread, and the crackling of the roof-stone of a pit previous to falling. Workin-barrel, the portion of a pump in which the bucket works. Workins, the excavations in a colliery. " Nicholson, Workin-place, an excavation in course of being made."
Coal Trade Terms, 1888. " Nan
Galley
is
workin' in fits." J. P. Robson, Collier's Farewell, 1849.
WORM
(pronounced wor-rum), a serpent. In Northumberland the adder (Viper hems) is called the hag-worm, and the harmless Worm is Anguis fragilis is called the blind-worm or slow-worm. also the name of the legendary monsters so vividly described "The laidley worm" lived on Spindleston in old ballads. Heugh a little to the south of aren Mills, near Bamburgh. The Lambton worm is another of these huge traditionary snakes. There is again the worm of Sockburn in the county " Wode Worm of of Durham, and, over the Border, the Wormiston," near Linton, in Roxburghshire. " Word went east and word went west, And word is gone over the sea, That a laidley worm in Spindleston Heughs
Would
ruin the North countree."
WORREET,
or sauce
is
lumpy, knotted, coagulated. Ill-made porridge said to be wovveet when too little water has been used and imperfect mixing or consistency is the result.
worret wor It also means worretin hissel ti deeth." said to worret-on to keep
WORRET, WORRIT, "

cat."
If
" He set his to worry. dog on to divn't mind, the rabbit '11 get worreted" ye " He's mental worry or annoyance. just
scolding, worrying person is The word is also " Yo'r a fair worret, bairn."
on worrying.
used as a substantive.
798
SEE WARSEL.
WORSEL, to struggle. WORTH, a place like

;
-ham and -ton, applied as a suffix in place-names. It was formerly applied to a court or palace, to a country house, estate, farm, or village. It also meant a place like an island. In place-names it occurs in the of Heworth, 'E.worth (now Ewart), Backworth, villages "Killingworth, Pegsworth (now Pegswood), and in Waxkworth, the fortified and peninsula-like worth. Across the Border, Jedburgh appears as Jedwarth and Geddeworth in thirteenth and fourteenth century spellings and it is still familiarly
;
called Jfethart and Jeddart. "The moated mound on which now stands the donjon of Warkworth Castle, was, in all likelihood, originally occupied by the worth, or palace
of the Ockings, a line of Bernician princes."
p. 81.
Bates, Border Holds, vol.
i.,
WORTS,
sheep.
refuse the portions of fodder rejected by cattle or Cattle cribs are worteet that is, cleared of refuse.
;
WORTSPRING,
skin that is cracked and has risen roots of the finger nails. See ANGER-NAIL.
up
at the
WOTCHAT,
an orchard.
Grose.
WOUGH, the bark of a dog. WOUNTER, winter.

"Aw was
up
at the mistresses
Compare WAFF,
ith
2.
suon ee mworning,
howl oh woimter."
etc., ed. 1850, p. 9.
WOU V
WOW,
[W.-T.]
with.
See Wi.
etc., ed.
" Stannin wouv his jasay neet cap on."

1850, p. 10.
very small beer, or other exceedingly dilute drink. Traikle-wow, Fardin-wow, a thin treacle beer.
" "Pis but comparin treacle-wow Wi' Willy Almond's stingo." T. Wilson, Oiling of Dicky's Wig, 1826, v. 42.
WOW
an exclamation.
"
"
Eh, wow, but
this is a
wet day
"
!
Wow !
but the meeting
will be het." Ballad, The Fray of Hautwessel.
WOW,
to
mew,
whimper.
to complain peevishly. Wowl, to whine or Wowlin or Wow-a-lin, peevish, crabbed, petulant.
WOWL
See WAUALL.
Jgg
WRACK,
RACK,
i,
weeds SEA-WARE, and WARE,

;
" whickens " and sea-weed. especially

2.
See
WRAITH,
die.
the appearance or apparition of a person about See WAFF, i.
to
WRANG,
"
"
" wrong. Wrang iv his heed "deranged. Wrangous, Wmngously (adverb), wrongfully, wrongly. An innocent person when charged with blame is said to be
Wrangestly, or
wrangestly chairged."
*739-4i January 20. James Porteous fined one shilling for ivrongous of warning. January 21. Pay'd by Dugdale Rhodame, one of ye late stewards, his fourth part of ye money wrongously given to Ralph Smith." Keelman's Hospital Books.
way
WRANGLE-TREE,
crook
is
the cross-bar in the chimney to which a
attached to hang pots or kettles on for cooking.
See RANNEL-BALK.
WRAT,
a wart.
(p.t.
See RAT.
"
WRAT
of write).
He
wrat
him a
letter."
WREEST-CLOOT.
SeeiREEST-cLooT.
WREKNEL.
See RECKLIN.
WRENCH,
or
RANGE,
to rinse.
WRIST-O'-THE-FOOT,
the ankle.
WROUGHT, WROUT,
out
;
worked, finished.
Wrout
oot,
worked
Compleat
"
applied to a colliery. Sair wrout, overworked. The Horse Engin serves to draw up the Wrought Coals."
to twist.
Collier, 1708, p. 28.
WRY,
"
See REE.
the
Wry about
Neck
o' th'
Cock!"
1686, p. 39.
WU.
For words beginning thus see

foolish,
also under
Wi.
"
WUD, WODE,
mad.
" He's
gyen clean wud."
The
poor creetur's wud."
WUDDLE, WIDDLE,
;
to
to work without much result. an' was only half dyun." 'oor
do anything slowly or laboriously, " He wuddled on mair nor an "He wuddled on a day an'
1
did nowt." wuddle through.
To
persevere.
"
It's
a lang teedy job, but aw'll
800
See WIDDY.
hard, like wood.
WUDDY.
WUDIFU,
See WOODY.
WUKS
an exclamation.
a wild cat.
Compare WUNS.
WULCAT,
" Keilder was, till towards the middle of the last century, a great place for wild cats, or, as they are called, wulcats." Dr. Hardy, Hist, of Bwks. Nat. Club, vol. vii., p. 249.
WUL-FIRE.
See WILD-FIRE.
the guillemot,
WULLEMOT, WULLYMENT,
See WILLOCK.
Una
troile,
L.
WULLY,
WIDDY.
a willow.
willow bush.
Wully-trcc, a willow tree. Wully bus, a Wully-wan, an osier. See WAN and compare
WUMMEL,
hole.
a wimble or auger used in boring in clay, or a scoop screwed on the end of a boring rod to clear out the
WUN
"
[N.]
See WIN.
Woncd, dwelt.
(Obsolescent.)
WUN, WONE, to dwell, to stay.

A
swinger won'd about the court."
1686, p. 28.
W UNDY-ORGAN,
7
person.
an excessively talkative and untruthful nonce word. See WIND, 2, and WINDY-HASH.
wind-egg, a soft egg, an egg without the hard
WUN-EGG,
shell.
WUN-RAA,
a windrow, a line of cut hay as it lies raked and ready to be put up into kyles or pikes. See WIN, i.
Wuntersful
!
WUNS, an exclamation.
used.
"
and Wuks! are similarly
Wuns,
Bob
if I
had a
the King
my
cousin !"
fall
son, sic a dancer as thou, dye, if a wud ca' Richardson, Table Book, Leg. Div., vol. i., p. 314.
WUN-TEE, "
Noo
verb
to.
An
invitation
i.
to
sit
down
to
meat.
lads, wun-tee /"
See WIN, See WISE.
WUS, WUZ,
the preterite tense of the indicative
mood
of the
wise, to let go.
8oi
WUSHT, wist, knew. WUTHER, to rush

SWUTHERIN.
"
Aa
nivver wusht
till
doon
it
cam."
violently.
See
WITHER and compare
WUTTER,
Also a
the rod which
is
put in the tithe stooks of corn.
leister.
WUTTERED,
Vitis-Idcza,
barbed.
the fruit of the red whortleberry, Vaccinium is elsewhere called wine-berry.
WYEBERRIES,
L.
This
WYEL, WEYEL, to pick out. WYEM, the stomach, the belly. WYLLY, an infant's nightgown. WYTE. See WITE, 2.
See WALE.
See WAME.
[Redesdale.]
See WILY-COAT.
Y, representing a long ee sound, is heard before many words beginning with a, 0, and o. The y in these represents a dipthongal sound. Thus Ya, Yea, Yen, Yin, Yane, one. Yence, once. Yak, Yek, oak. Yaits, Yets, Yits, oats. Yaith, an oath. Yarb, an herb. Yarl, an earl. Yarth, Yerth, Yeard, Yird, earth, to earth up. Yeble, Yable, Yeable, able, Yearly, Yarly, early.
:
strong. Yeddy,
brat. ore.
Yed, Yid, Yecker, Yacker, an acre. Yeckey, an echo. Addy, dim. of Adam. Yell, whole. Yell, Yill, ale. Yemang, among. Ye-nee-oo, Ye-neuf, enough. Yep, an ape, a
Yearn, earn.
Yeryant, errand.
Yettle, for ettle.
Yore,
Yow, an ewe.
YAAD, YAUD, YAD,

who
a work horse or mare. The women " baities," and gather bait for fishermen are called sometimes bait-yauds. A ford near Thorneyburn, on North " Tyne, is known as the aad yaad ford."
YAAP, YAUP, YAP, YEP, YIP,

"
a brat, an impudent or forward boy, a perverse and wilful animal. Yappy, apt, " He's a yappy lad." quick.
Aup, a wayward child."
Halliwell.
YAAP, YAWP,
manner.
is
to shout, to scream, to
its
chicken in
talk in a boisterous persistent cry for the hen-mother
said to be yaapin.
YAAP, YAWP, YACKEY-YAA,

" He's a
hungry.
" He's varry yawp."

fellow. fellow,
an impertinent gobby kind o' a
A
a
term of contempt.
reg'lor
snort
the
yackey-yaa!"
802
a sheaf set
YAITIN,
up
singly.
,
See GATEN.
YAL,YAUL,YALD
[W.-TJ
active, powerful, nimble. "
"
YAULD, YELD, YAWL "

"
yawl horse."
[N.],
Lish,yald, shepherd^lads."
Man,
yo'r
a.
yald un
yald tyke." "

!
YAMMER,
incessant talk, especially of a brawling fretful kind. Yammer, to whine or complain in a monotonous, peevish manner. Applied to dog or man. " The dog yammered oot." " What do's th' want " yammering and shouting as kin yen was deef ?
T. Bewick, The Upgetting, ed. 1850, p. 12. " O, Nell thoust rung me mony a peal, Nyen but mysel could bide thy yammer ; Thy tongue runs like wor pulley wheel, And dirls my lug like wor smith's hammer." T. Wilson, Pitman's Pay, pt.
!
i.
v. 41.
YAMPH,
day."
to bark.
"
The
dog, theyamphin thing, dee't the neist
YAP
[N.]
hungry.
Yappish,
somewhat hungry.
" Let's he' just a yard-side."
YARD-SIDE,
See SIDE.
one yard long.
YARDSTICK, YARDWAN,
length.
It is familiar
a measuring stick one yard in everywhere in the light wand of the
draper's shop, and not less familiar in the stout ferruled stick
with which the pedlar suspends his pack from his shoulder. But it is in the colliery that its special significance is underWhen carried by underviewer or overman it is at stood. once a distinguishing wand of office, a convenient walking stick, or a rod of punishment to evil-doers of juvenile years, as well as a measuring rod for setting off the work in the mine. In former times it was of the yet further service of forming a useful accompaniment in the descent of the pit, and was used to fend off the person from the sides of the shaft. "The man descending with one thigh in the loop, and his left arm
round the chain, with a heavy lantern in his hand, and with the yard-wand in his right hand, to guide and keep himself as near as possible in the
centre of the shaft."
R. Scott, Ventilation of Coal Mines, 1868, p. 31.*
YARE,
a wear or structure projecting into the tideway or stream used as a fishery. On the Tweed, North F^wick, Yare haugh, a haugh on which there is a. yare Yardtord, etc.
or fishery.
"
(Obs.)
;
Aug. 27, 1345. A yan called the Rutyare, which used to extend to the mid-water of Tyne another yare, of like extent, called Maleyare, A fishery called near the Redheugh all west of Tyne bridge. Toulershell, and a yare under Gateshead Park called Helper yare, to a third of Tyne water." Welford, Hist, of Newcastle, vol. i., p. 124.
803
YARE,
lively.
Hodgson
MS.
YARK,
a heavy blow.
"
The
We hear ne langer
blacksmith's hammer, yark for yark, bangin." T. Wilson, Oiling o' Dicky's Wig, 1826.
YARK,
" Aa'll to thrash soundly, to go quickly, to jerk. yark hide for ye." " He'll yark ye when he gets had on yor ye." " To skelp and yark," to move with rapidity. " [N.], to stretch to the fullest extent. Sirrah, yor weskit's yarkeet on ye." Yarkin-seam, the lacing part of a boot.
a thing of large size.
YARK
YARKER,
heavy, large.
"
" It's zyarker, noo.''
Yarkin,
Ayarkin
tettie."
Compare SKELPIN.
YARNUT, the arnut YARN-WINNELS.

See ARRAGE.
or earth nut, Bunium fexuoswn, With.
See WINNELS.
an edge, a sharp point, a corner.
Called also
YARRAGE, YARRIDGE,
YARRELS,
sawbill.
the goosander, Mergus merganser, L.

"
YATTER,
scolding or brawling talk.

is
them cheps fretfully and
Hear what a yattev grumble, to find fault, to speak myekin." " She's a clsuty yattrin body." foolishly.
To
YAUD, YAD,
a jade or old work horse.
See YAAD. See FYE.

a cheese, but
it
YAUD, FYE-YAUD,
a call to a sheep-dog.
YEARN, YEREN,
to curdle.
"Send me
must not be hard yearned"
Yearnin, rennet. Yearnin-bag or Yearnin-cloot, a calf's keslup enclosed in a cloth and used for
curdling milk for cheese making.
"The plant used in North Tindale to curdle milk for cheese yearnin grass." Hodgson MS.
is
called
YEATHER, YEDDER,
the pliant stick used in fastening " " brushwood, or "rice," in making a stake-and-rice fence. This kind of fence was formed by driving stakes into the top of an earth dyke, about eighteen inches or two feet apart, and then winding thorns round them, which were secured along the top by a yeather of saugh, hazel, or any straight pliant wood. Yedderin or Edderin, making a yedder on a fence.
804
perhaps.
Yebble-see,
YEBLINS,
for
perhaps
it
may.
See AIBLINS.
YEILD, YEELD, YELD, YELL,
not giving milk, not at age bearing. Applied to animals. Yeeld-yows, ewes from which the lambs have been weaned. See EILD.
weird, dismal, ghostly.
YELLERISH, YELLISH,
as
ellerish,
The same
which
"
see.
Then raised a yowle sae loud and lange, S&eyeUish and sae shrille." The Gloamyn Buchte.
(yellow
YELLOW PLOVER
in
this
and
following words
pronounced yalla), the golden plover,
Pluvialis apricarius,
L.
YELLOWS, wild mustard, Sinapis arvensis, L. YELLOW-TOP, ragwort, Senecio Jacobcea, L. YELLOW WHEAG-TAIL, the spring wagtail,
wagtail, Budytes Rayi, Bonaparte.
or
Ray's
YELLOW-WREN, the willow wren. Called also the linty. YELLOW-YOWLEY, YELLOW- YORLIN, YOULIN,
or yellow bunting, Emberiza citrinella, L. Yalla-yowley is used occasionally as a cant term for money or coins. very curious antipathy was formerly shown by boys to the It was superstitiously supposed to taste yellow-hammer. blood from the veins of the evil spirit at stated times. Its nest was consequently destroyed when found, and a doggerel
hammer
YELDIN, YELLOW-YITTY, YALLOCK,
the
yellow
rhyme was repeated
in the act.
" Half a paddock, half a tyed,

Yalla, yalla Yorlin,
Drinks' a drop o' de'il's blood Ivvry Monday mornin."
YELP,
to call out. " But whisht

'
Fa'
in,
the sairjeant's tongue Fa' in be'syelpin."

!
'
aw
hear,
1807.
J. Shield,
Bob Cranky's Adieu,
YELPER,
YELT,
the avocet, Recurvirostra avocetta, L., which frequents the sea shores in winter, and makes a shrill noise. Brockett.
a young sow.
YENCE-EERAND, "
special purpose.
it*
He went yence-eerand
once errand, a journey or errand for a " for'd went specially
for
805
YENOO,
now, just now, presently. Yenoo, enough. " Aa did feel a prood manyenoo."
His Other Eye, 1880,
p. 4.
YENSEL,
oneself.
"
Yen should
dee'dyensel."
YEOVERY.
earth.
See YUVVERY.
to earth
YERD, YIRD, YEARD,
up potatoes.
Yeard, a fox
Yird, earth, ground. " Theyird is shook beneath their hoofs." Hedgely Moor.
Minstrelsy of the English Border, p. 138.
YE'S,
YESE, you
shall.
!
" Yese come when aa
tell ye,
mind."
YET YET YET
an old Border rallying cry. " Muckle Milburn told us that he remembered more than once Jock clearing Bellingham fair with the Tarset and Tarretburn men at his back, to the old Border cry of Tarset and Tarret burn and heather bred Hard Yet Yet Yet !" Dr. Charlton, North Tynedale, second ed., p. 97
YETLIN, YETELIN,
a small cast-iron pot, with a rounded It is a bottom, having three projecting feet or "purys." miniature kail pot, and is made with a bow handle which
" A " skellet " is a similar swivels in a pair of " lugs (ears). made with an ordinary straight, instead of a bow, pot, but handle. Compare ATELIN.
" Item that oone was a zeet pan wyth ij eerys prec. vs. viijd." ij pannys Embleton Church Inventory, A.D. 1431-2. MS., Merton Coll., Oxford.
YET-SEED-BORD,
Rayi, Bonaparte.
oat-seed bird, the spring wagtail, Budytes Called also yellow wheag-tail.
a gate.
YETT, YEAT, YATE,

last form, yate, also
means a road
" Carel yate," the road to Carlisle. iheyett" let you out at the gate.
The Yet-stoop, a gate-post. or street. See GATE, i.

"Aa'll wise ye through
" August, 1592. Paide for carrying the 4 quarters of the semynarie preste from yate to yate, and other charges, 2s." Newcastle Municipal Accounts.
" Yate in the North of England as often means a street or road as a gate or hinged fence upon a road." Hodgson, Northumberland, vol. iij.,
pt.
ii.,
p. 283.
"As aad
as Pandonyett."
Newcastle saying.
YETUN,
a giant or supernatural inhabitant of an old castle.
See ETTIN.
806
,
YEUK, YUCK,
to itch. Yucky [S.] Yooky [N.], itchy. "If aa get ahad o' ye, aa'll gar ye scart where yo'rnotyucky" (policeman to a boy in Newcastle).
YEWER, EWER, URE,

YITTIES,
an udder.
oats of very short stalk.
Diminutive
ofyits, oats.
YOKE,
to begin
is
iheyokin off"
work when engaged with horses. " To gan to do a day's work without "lowsin."
YOKEN,
line.
a collision caused by the meeting of two trams or sets of tubs in a pit going in different directions on the same
"
was the poor putter's fate, Wi' now and then a stannin fray, Frayokens, cawd pies, stowen bait, Or cowpt corves i' the barrow way."
Sic, then,
T. Wilson, Pitman
Pay, pt.
ii.,
1827, v. 55.
YOKIN-TIME,
"
the time of starting any kind of work, not necessarily connected with the yoking of horses.
Howay
It's
Howay the buzzer's blawn, time for yo kin, every man." J. Rowell, song, The
!
!
Caller.
YOLLER,
YOOL.
to yell discordantly. Dogs when whipped are said It is also applied to any brawling and shouting to yoller. noise. "They cam' yollerin doon the street." Compare
YOOL, YOWL, YULE,

like a hurt dog.
"
to yell, to shout out loudly, to

1
howl
Aw yool'd
For hyem,
an' bairns, an maw wife, Nan, oot like a lubbart."
T. Thompson, Jemmy Joneson's Whurry.
YOT,
a mouthful.
puffed or swollen in the cellular
YOUSTERED,
the skin.
membranes of
YOW,
"
an ewe. Haud yows, a bye name used
in
North and South Tyne by a certain

'
portion of the natives against their brethren of the hills, the sheep Haud yauds, a portion of farmers on those wild and dreary fells. Haud Coldingham Moor, where old horses were turned out to graze. Haudin cawf, one not to preserve for stock,' Jamieson, applied to cattle. fed for sale, but kept that it might grow to maturity." Dr. Hardy, Denham Tracts, Folk-lore Society, 1892, p. 273.
YOWK,
the core of a stack.
See GOWK.
807
;
YOW-NECKED,
various animals.
long and hollow in the neck applied to " Ayow-mckeet horse," etc. Compare How.
[N.]
,
YUL, YULE, YEL
Christmas.
Yule-clog, a yule-log.
YUL-DOO, YULE-BABBY,
a baby figure made of a flat cake of gingerbread or currant cake, and sold to children. The arms are folded across, and two currants are put in for eyes. Yul-doos are probably so-called because made from the yule or Christmas dough. Yule-cakes, so-called elsewhere, are not
known
'
in
Northumberland.
the
YUMMERS, "
It's
humours
irregularities of the circulation.
the yummers 'at's the maiter wiv her.' This expression shows how long among the people old medical ideas linger. It has remained in the popular mind from the time of the humoral pathology centuries ago."
Dr. Embhton
MS.
YUVEN,
an oven. Yeoveen-styen, oven-stone, the name of a dismantled colliery on the Hepple barony, Coquetdale.
"It's ayuven
compared tiv a limekiln." Song, Canny Shields. Bards of the Tyne,
1849.
YUVVERY, "
meat
fastidious.
is,
"He was
that
did not "fancy"
it,
varry yuvvevy aboot his or turned away from it
contemptuously.
ZIG -ZAG,
purple clover, Tnfolium medium, L.
See COW-GRASS.
END OF
VOL.
IJ.
ADDENDA.
BELKS,
"
Hodgson, Bwks. Nat. Club
the stems of seaweed formerly used by kelp makers. The stems of laminaria locally named belks, or wassal." J. C.
Trans., vol. xiv., 1892, p. 115, n.
BIN,
the wale or upper side of a ship.

a limekiln.
BOLE,
Compare SOW-KILN.
Lordship in the parish of Whittingham consists of and ten cottages, pays Tythe in kind and a modus for Limestone on the ground 7 miles from bole. " MS. Survey of Hay. Lorbottle, 1724, ex. inf. D. D. Dixon.
" Lorbottle sixteen farms
BRENT-GRASS,
STRAA.
dried seed-stalks of grass.
See WINNEL-
CANE-FISH,
(Obs.)
rent for a fishery paid in kind.
Also spelt
kain.
CO VIE,
"
the scaup duck, Fuligula mania, L.
DISGUISED,
drunk.
(Obs.)
1741, May ist, James Porteous Senr. disguised man's Hospital Books.
w th
liquor."
Keel-
DOG-DRAVES,
probably
ij.,
codfish.
See Bateson, Hist, of

(Obs.)
article Alnmouth, n.
DONK, DOUK,
DRUSE,
a soft clayey substance found in lead veins.
the crystalline matter in a lead vein.
See RIDER.
FEATHER-POKE,
the long-tailed titmouse, Orites caudatus, L.
FERN-OWL,
Linn.
the nightjar or goatsucker, Caprimulgus Eiwopaus, Called also night-hawk. a watercourse.
FLEAM,
W.-T.
"
The
mill fleam:'
Still in
use in
FLIGHTERIN,
FLIT,
to
fluttering.
Applied to
furniture.
falling
snow.
a removal.
remove household
flittin,
Flittin,
Moonlight
a surreptitious removal.
8lO
ADDENDA.
FLOAT-ORE,
waterworn lead ore found
in surface deposits.
FRACTION,
"Oct.
in the
a fracas or row.
the article concerning making fractions and disturbance read." Keelman's Hospital Books.
dirt.
17, 1771,
company was
,
GAITED
clothes,
marked with [N.] which are said to be
" scared." gaited or
Applied to badly washed
GANG,
a collective term for the set of felloes in a cart axle.

[N.]
,
GAVY
incoherent or rambling in talk.
HAR-TREE,
HAW TREE, the hinge post of a gate.

:
HOPE,
p. 385, is frequently applied to

up, as
mere eminences, and
is
then usually pronounced
Amble Hope, Ulgham

"
Hope, etc.
HORCLE
waa."
[N.]
to crouch
down.
He
horded doon ahint the
HORCLED,
laid down. Applied to growing grass or corn that has been flattened in the field by rain or wind.
HOW-WAY,
hollowed or sunken way. certain ancient trackways.

a rent paid in kind, as kain
term applied to
KAIN, CANE,
oats, etc.
fish, kain
hens, kain
KEACH
(pron. kyetch), to drag forcibly. " If ye canna get carried through life, ye'll get kyetched through." Old Proverb.
KEAVE
fellow.
[N.]
"The
a
the pronunciation of the colloquial word

heaves o'
cove,
Lor bottle."
wi' leasins"
LEASIN,
with
lies.
lie.
"
Aa canna had
cannot hold
LION,
the red-throated diver.

stoop, to
See LOON.
"
LOOT, to
lootin."
bend down.
Me
back wis
stiff
an' sair wi'
LOUGH,
a small collection of water or an inlet from the sea.
ADDENDA.
8ll
MAY-WEED,
May-tops,
"
p. 470.
Add
the upper part

its
after this, Laminaria digitata, Lam. of algae used by kelp makers.
Compare BELKS.
The
laminaria sheds
of
upper part in broken weather about the end

ashore,
is
of the
J.
month
May,
this,
when washed
known
as May-tops."
Crawford Hodgson, History of Bwks. Nat. Field
Club, vol. xiv., 1892,
p. 29, n.
MENSION, MENCON,
" the track or foundaAdd, p. 475. tion of a boundary," etc. The mensions occur when the dike has fallen into ruin. Note by Dr. Hardy.
" Mooy-band, usually the wash of 482. also a residuum of iron ore extracted boulder-clay gravel from the boulder gravel and soil." Note by Dr. Hardy.
p.
;
MOOR-BAND,
PICKET,
a hook attached to the end by fishermen in landing their fish. a pool or pond.
(Obs.)
of a small stick.
Used
FOOT,
THE END.
and may be addressed to [Notes of omissions will be gratefully received, R. Oliver Heslop, The Crofts, Corbridge, R.S.O., Northumberland.]
ERRATA.
line twenty-four, for autonomy read autonomy.
Introduction, p.
xij.,
Page
,,
6,
under
ADAM AND EVE,
for latiforia read latifolia.
62, line three, for fructicosus readfruticosus. 75,
under BOG-SPINK, for
bitterness
read
bittercyess.
.
,,
,,
read Plectrophanes 207, under CUCKOO-FLOWER, for bitterness read bittercress. 219, under DARE, for Cyprinus leuciseus read Leuciscus vulgaris,
174, line eight, for Plectropharses
Yarrell.
,,
228, line four
from
from
foot, for Scandiz
read Scandix.
,,
235, line five, for Rhodomenia read Rhodymenia. 240, line nine
foot, for acteosa
,,
read acetosa.
,,
277, line ten, for bitumenous read bituminous.

,,
,,
line fifteen, last
word, for and read which was.

read mouth.
,,
305, line ten
from
foot, for throat
,,
336, line two, for Troilus read Trollius.

343-
ii
344, 345,
under GREY-BORD, for Turdus mucicus read T. musicus. under GREY-LENNART, for Gucelin read Linnceus. under GRIP-GRASS, after Potentilla anserina read " and grass, Bromus racemosus and B. commutatus." under GULLMA,
Brunnich."
to the
brome
,,
349,
" for guillemot read herring gull, Larus argentatus,

is
,,
351,
under HACK, delete "This implement
probably peculiar to
Northumberland
,,
' ' .
under HACK-CLAY, for Somersetshire read Cornwall. 366, under HEART-O'-THE-HEARTH, read Heart-o'-the-earth and omit "a plant of many virtues." The "virtues" existed only in
,,
the fancies of old writers.

M
>
37 2 under
>
HENNY-PEN,
for christa read crista. for Cinnerea read Cinerea.
373i
under HERONSHEUGH,
ii
,,
383. under HOLLIN, for N. Northumberland read S. Northumberland. " or the Centaur ea cyanus, which is," etc. 387, under HORSE-NOBS, omit
,,
407,
,,
under JENNY-SPINNER, for orelaela read oleracea. 414, under READ, for "The muck that infests sheep" read
Melophagus ovinus." " under KEAVE, omit the sentence beginning
bottle," etc.
"The
The
heaves o" Lor-
,,
,,
420, under KEPPY-BAA, line eight, for corban tree read coban tree. 429, under KNACK-REEL. This is of much earlier introduction than
here stated.
ERRATA.
Page 430, under KNOT-GRASS,
for
813
read Arrhenatherum aven-
A vena
elatior, L.,
aceum, Pal de Beauv.

435, under LADS'-LOVE, for abrotaneum read abrotanum, Linn.
,,
,,
under LAIR, delete the sentence " In place-names, lair probably occurs in Learmouih," etc. 440, under LANG-LEG'D-TYELLIOR, for orelacla read oleracea. 458, under LUCKEN-GOWAN, for Troilus read Trollius.
437,
,,
461, under
MAAS, read "common mallow, Malva
sylvestris,
L."
,,
462, under MAIDENS-HAIR, for Withy read Withering.
,,
,,
470, under MAWS, read "common mallow, Malva sylvestris, L.," and delete " marshmallow," etc. under MILL, for " Compare MELL, 3," read " Compare MELL, 2." 478,
490, under
,,
MUSH,
the quotation should read
"
Strang knees and
houghs,"
,,
etc.
502, line twelve, for
Nimmel read Nimmer.

James Armstrong.
,,
504, line seventeen, for The same read
,,
513, line thirty-one, for Outlandish read Outlandish.
THE MARKET STREET PRESS WORKS, MANCHESTER.
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL
OF
LIST
WORKS
ILLUSTRATIVE
OF THE
DIALECT OF NORTHUMBERLAND
COMPILED BY
R.
OLIVER HESLOP
Xon&on PUBLISHED FOR THE ENGLISH DIALECT SOCIETY BY HENRY FROWDE, OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS WAREHOUSE AMEN CORNER, LONDON, E.G.
1896
[All rights reserved^
HORACE HART, PRINTER TO THE UNIVERSITY
PREFACE
THIS Bibliography
is
based upon the List of
Works
Dialect
published by Professor Wright for the English Dictionary; and the compiler is indebted to Mr.
T. Nisbet for examination
Edward
and tabulation, in conjunction with Mr. John H. Harbottle, of dialect works in the Newcastle Free Library. The list has been further compared with the private collections of local imprints in the libraries of Mr. G. H. Thompson, Alnwick, Mr. Matthew
Mackey, Junr., Newcastle, and of Mr. Richard Welford,

Gosforth, to all of
whom
the writer
is
greatly indebted for
personal assistance.
Mr. Welford has added to this obli-
gation by undertaking the onerous task of final revision
and
correction.
R. OLIVER HESLOP.
THE
CROFTS, CORBRIDGE, NORTHUMBERLAND.
May,
1896.
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL LIST
ILLUSTRATIVE OF THE
DIALECT OF NORTHUMBERLAND
ADAMS,
T.
W.
Songs and
Sketches.
By
:
T.
W. ADAMS,
'
Leazes Lane, [Newcastle], ismo, 8 pp. Newcastle, n. d. The Happy [i 880]. (Contains the following local songs
Fishwife of Canny Tyneside

'
'
(
;
The Sketches of New*

'
castle
'The Parody of Billy Fine Day'; Happy Sally the Match Lass The Lass that wants to get married
; ' ' ;
<
The Rifleman Soldier ';
'
The Death of
Billy Purvis.')
ALLAN, ED WARD.
tains three
Original Poems. By EDWARD ALLAN. Newcastle: Pattison & Ross, 1837. (ConI2mo, 36 pp.
poems
in Scotch dialect.)
ALLAN, JAMES.
The Life of James Allan, the celebrated

other branches of his extra:
Northumberland Piper, and

8vo.
Blyth Wm. Guthrie, 1817. ordinary family. The Life of James Allan, the celebrated Northumberland Piper y&c., taken principally from his own relation. By ANDREW WIGHT. 3rd ed. Newcastle Mackenzie
:
&
Dent, 1818.
:
Another edition. 8vo, 384 pp. Blyth W. Guthrie, 1 818. Collected by JAMES THOMPSON. Another edition. NewIllustrated by CRUIKSHANK. 8vo, pp. vi, 480.
castle:
Mackenzie
&
Dent, 1818-1828.
(This
edition
also issued in serial parts at 6d.
and
yd. each.)
ALLAN
North
ALLAN, JOHN WILLIAM.

8vo, 227 pp.
Country
Sketches.
Newcastle: Gourant
(editor).
Office, 1881.
ALLAN, THOMAS
Tyneside Songs.
Illustrated
By EDWARD
by beautiful engravof the most celebrated buildings in Newcastle, also ings i2mo, 96 pp. portraits of Ed. Corvan and G. Ridley.
CORVAN, G. RIDLEY, &c.
Newcastle-on-Tyne
:
Thomas
Allan, 1862.
Choice Collection of Tyneside Songs. G. RIDLEY, J. P. ROBSON, R. EMERY, &c.
By E. CORVAN,
Illustrated
by
beautiful engravings of the most celebrated buildings in Newcastle and neighbourhood, to which is added a guide
to Newcastle.
I2mo, 180 pp.
Newcastle: Published by
Thomas
Allan, n. d. [1863].
Choice Collection of Tyneside Songs.
By WILSON,
CORVAN, MITFORD, GILCHRIST, ROBSON, HARRISON, EMERY,

RIDLEY, OLIVER, SHIELD, &c., with Lives of the Authors. Illustrated with views of the Town and Portraits of the
Poets and Eccentrics of Newcastle.
i2mo, pp.
vi,
373.
Newcastle: Allan, 1873.

Tyneside Songs. In two vols. 1874. 1873 Edition, but with the addition of
the omission of the Publisher's Note.)
Illustrated Edition of Tyneside Songs
(Same
as the
new
Titles
and
and Readings.
writers,
With
Lives, Portraits
and Autographs of the

578.
and
notes on the Songs.
Revised Edition [Edited by THOMAS

xvi,
ALLAN].
8vo,
pp.
Newcastle-upon-Tyne
Thomas & George

(The above
is
Allan, 1891.
described as a revised and enlarged edition of Tyneside Songs (q. v.), published by Messrs. Allan in [1872-3] but it is really an altogether new work, and
:
forms by far the most complete collection

poems.)
of
local
ALLENDALE
ARCHAEOLOGIA AELIANA
ALLENDALE, A
whirfi^ took place
4 pp. 1878. (In the dialect of the south-western dales of Northumberland.)
an OLD ALLENDONIAN.
Dialogue between two Allendale Miners, somewhere about forty years ago. By
ALNWICK.
J. L.
The Alnwick Journal. 8

(Vol.
i,
vols. 4to.
Alnwick:
Luckley, 1859-83.
p. 88, et seq. contains,
'The Alnwick Language,' a Glossary, by Mr. J. L. and p. 99, et seq. 'On Names of Places in Luckley,
Northum berland.')
The Alnwick Punch.
pp.
serial in
2 nos., post 8vo, 1
Alnwick:
J. L.
Luckley, 1851-2.
The 'Alnwick Vocal Miscellany. A selection of the most esteemed Songs. I2mo. Alnwick: W. Davison,
1816.
Botanical Rambles,
pp.
:
Flora of Alnwick.
8vo, 112
Alnwick J. L. Luckley, n. d. Flowers of the Aln. Post 8vo, 28 pp.

Guide
Luckley, 1840. to Alnwick.
Alnwick
n. d.
J. L.
Alnwick
W. Davison,
The Northumbrian Minstrel.

of Songs.
Choice Collection
3 nos. i2mo.
Alnwick: W. Davison, 1811.
ANDERSON, JAMES.
JAMES ANDERSON.
T. Allan, 1875.
Tyneside Songs, Poems, &c. By i2mo, 86 pp. Newcastle-upon-Tyne

:
ARCHAEOLOGIA AELIANA.
castle Society of
Antiquaries.
Published by The New4 vols. quarto, 1822 to
1825
and
18 vols.
(Contain local
following:
vol.
demy 8vo (New Series), 1857 to 1896. terms passim, and the special articles
p. 242,
i,
4to series, 1823, 'Place

;
Names
vol.
ii,
of Northumberland,'
by the Rev. A. HEDLEY
p. 189, 4to series, 1832, 'Origin of Anglo-Saxon/ &c., by Rev. J. BOSWORTH vol. v, p. 172, New Series, 1 86 r vol. vi,
; ,
B 2
4
p. 5, 1865,
AKMSTRONG
BAILEY
of Local Names,'
'
'On Corrupt Orthography

;
by
R. CARR-ELLISON
vol. ix, p. 57, 1883,
Place Barnes of
;
the County of Northumberland,' by J. V. GREGORY vol. x, p. 173, 1885, 'Place Names of the County of Durham,'
by the same; p. 93, 'The Permian People Durham,' by R. OLIVER HESLOP vol. xiii. p. 72,
;
of North
'
1889,
On
Certain peculiarities of the Dialect in Newcastle-upon-
Tyne and
M.D.
J.
;
p.
Northumberland,' by DENNIS EMBLETON, 223, Notes on the Northumberland Burr,' by

'
V. GREGORY.)
ARMSTRONG, JAMES.
Wanny
Blossoms.
Book
of
Song, with a Brief Treatise on Fishing, sketches of Border Life, and Fox and Otter Hunting. By JAMES Second Edition. ARMSTRONG, Ridsdale, Bellingham.
I2mo, 172 pp.
Hexham: Herald
Office, 1879.
AWDE, ROBERT.
i2mo.
Dialect
his
' '
:
Waiting at Table.
(Contains young wife an'
'
Poems and Songs.

the
London, 1865.
following
' ;
in
My
nice
me
;
'
Johny and
Ghost'; 'My Canny Wife'; 'Jonny and Betty'; The Bachelor in search of a Wife 'The Old Maid's
Complaint.')
BAGNALL,
is
JOS. Songs of the Tyne. A Collection of Local Melodies, comic, satirical and descriptive to which
;
added several parodies on the most popular Songs. By JOSHUA BAGNALL. i6mo, 3 2 pp. Gateshead: Printed by
R. Rankin, 38 Bottle Bank, n.d. [1852].
BAILEY and CULLEY.

of the
General View of the Agriculture

J.
:
County of Northumberland. By London G. CULLEY. 8vo, pp. xx, 194.

this are surveys of the
BAILEY and
Phillips, 1805.
(Appended to
Counties of Cumber-
land, pp. 195-274,
and of Westmorland, pp. 275-361.)
BAILLIE
BERWICKSHIRE NAT. CLUB
5
the
its
BAILLIE, REV. JOHN. An Impartial History of Town and County of Newcastle-upon-Tyne and
Vicinity.
8vo, pp.
viii,
612.
Newcastle: Printed by
and
for
Vint
0'
&
Anderson, in the Side, 1801.

(The).
BANKS
TTNE
Christmas Annual, 1892,
1893, 1894, 1895. South Shields: Gazette Office. (Containing articles by RICHARD WELFOKB, JOHN SHAW, R. O. HESLOP, and others some in dialect.)
;
BELL JOHN
,
(editor).
a Curious Collection of Old and
Rhymes of Northern Sards. Being New Songs and Poems

Edited by JOHN BELL, Jun.
to
its
peculiar to the Counties of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, North-
umberland, and Durham.
i2mo, 334 pp.
Garland of
Newcastle-upon-Tyne, 1812. Bells, Wherein each rings
proper Tune. i2mo, 24 pp. Printed for John Bell, on the Quay, by George Angus, in the Side, Newcastle,
1815.
BERWICKSHIRE NATURALISTS' CLUB, HISTORY OF THE. 14 volumes, 1831-1893, and one part, 1894.
Printed for the Glub by H. H. Blair, Alnwick. The papers and proceedings in the series include
dialect
many
iv.
words throughout.
Of
special
articles,
voL
1856-1862, p. 356, contains 'The present participle in the Northumbrian dialect,' by RALPH CARE of Hedgeley
;
vol. vi, 1869-1872, p. 133,

&c., of
'On
the Stature, Bulk, &c.,
native Northumbrians/ by
'
GEORGE TATE,
F.G.S.
between Tyne and Tweed/ p. 141, The Northumbrians by RALPH CARR; vol. vii, 1873-1875^. 25, 'Suggestions as to Border Dialects/ by Dr. STUART; p. 237, On the NorthumberSignification of some Place-Names in North
'
land
and vol. x, 1882-1884, p. 373, Names of the Fame Islands and of Lindisfarne/ by Ralph Carr-Ellison.
'
;'
BEWICK
(the
BRAND
engraver).
BEWICK, THOMAS
and
the Upgetting.
wood
The
Howdy
Two
tales of sixty years sin seyne,
as related
by the
late
THOMAS BEWICK,
of Newcastle, in
:
the Tyneside dialect. i2mo, 15 pp. the admirers of native merit, 1 850.
London
Printed for
BISHOPRIC GARLAND
(The);
or,
Durham
:
Minstrel.
Being a choice collection of excellent Songs, relating to the above county. iamo, 24 pp. Stockton Printed by R. Christopher, 1784. (Contains thirteen Songs. Second
Edition, published same year, contains sixteen Songs. Third Edition, published 1792, contains twelve Songs. See also RITSON.)
BLAKEY, ROBERT.
The Angler's Song Book. Compiled and edited by ROBERT BLAKEY. Small 8vo, pp. xv, 276. London, 1855. (Contains songs in dialect.)
z
vols.
BORDER COUNTIES MAGAZINE,

and 144 pp.
Galashiels, 1880, 1881.
8vo, 288
BORDER GLOSSARY.
n. d.
Alnwick
Printed by
W.
Davison,
(In the Collection of Prince L. L. Bonaparte.)
BORINGS AND SINKINGS. A

;
Collection published by the North of England Institute of Mining and Mechanical Engineers, A B, 1878 C E, 1881 F K, 1885 L R,
;
;
T, 1894. Published for the Institute by A. Reid, Newcastle. (These contain many coal-mining terms.)
!887; S
BRAND, JOHN.
Observations on Popular Antiquities. the whole of Mr. Bourne's Antiquitates Vulgares, Including &c. By JOHN BRAND, A.B. 8vo, pp. xx, 433. Newcastle: T. Saint, 1777.
The History and Antiquities of the
Town and County
of Newcastle-upon-Tyne. Including an account of the Coal Trade of that place, and embellished with engraved
BROCKETT
BRUCE
views of the Publick Buildings, &c. By JOHN BRAND, M.A., Fellow and Secretary of the Society of Antiquaries,
London.
ii,
p.
vols. quarto. London, &c., 1789. (Vol. contains note on terms in use by Keel261,
men, &c.)
BROCKETT, JOHN TROTTER.
Glossary
of
North
Country Words in Use. From an Original MS. in the Library of John George Lambton, Esq., M.P., with considerable additions. By JOHN TROTTER BROCKETT, Sm. 8vo, 243 pp. F.S.A., London and Newcastle.
Newcastle-upon-Tyne
E. Charnley, 1825.
:
Printed by T.
&
J.
Hodgson, for
with
Glossary of North Country Words in Use
their Etymology, and Affinity to other Languages ; and occasional Notices of Local Customs and Popular Superstitions.
By JOHN TROTTER BROCKETT,

:
F.S.A.,
London
and Newcastle.
castle-on-Tyne
New edition. Sm. 8vo, 343 pp. NewEmerson Charnley, Bigg Market, and
Baldwin & Cradock, London, 1829. The same. Edited by W. E. BROCKETT. In 2 vols., with preface, portrait, and memoir. Vol. i, pp. xxv, 254
vol.
ii,
242 pp. Newcastle-upon-Tyne
E. Charnley, 1846.
BROCKIE, WILLIAM.
Shields traced to their origin
The Family Names of the Folks of ; with brief notices of dis-
tinguished persons ; to which
on
the
origin of the
'
appended a dissertation Britannic Race. By WILLIAM

is
'
BROCKIE.
Proverb).
tegither, like the folks o' Sheels (Local 8vo, 113 pp. South Shields: T. F. Brockie
Aal
&
Co., 1857.
BRUCE
Northumberland Minstrelsy. A Collection of Ballads, Melodies, and Small-pipe tunes of Northumbria. Edited by J. COLLINGWOOD BRUCE and
and
STOKOE.
BULLEIN
CATCHESIDE
v.
JOHN STOKOE.
8vo, pp. x, 191 and Index
Newcastle
Published by the Society of Antiquaries of Newcastle-
upon-Tyne, 1882.
BULLEIN, W.
wherein
is
Dialogue bothe pleasaunt and pietifull, a godlie regiment against the Fever Pestilence.
Printed in London, 1564 (8vo);
;
By
Dr.
WILLIAM BULLEIN.
>
1578 (8vo). Also reprinted in 1573 ( 8vo PP- 216) reprinted in the Early English Text Society's series, 1888. That portion of Bullein's work which contains the Speeches of the old Ridsdale Beggar is given in the Notes to Rambles in Northumberland and on the
Scottish
Border,
by
this,
1835, p. 331.
is
In
Stephen Oliver the Younger an edition of Bullein dated 1569
mentioned.
See
Dialects of the A. H. MURRAY.
'BURR'
(The Northumberland). Southern Counties of Scotland.
By
J.
the Philological Society. Also references to the burr in Hogg's Instructor, 2nd Series, p. 142
Published
by
Scot's
Magazine, 1804, pp. 179-181, and Prof. Trautmann, in Anglia, vol. 959, 960
;
1802, pp.
iii,
p.
ail,
&c.
art.
(Halle,
'
Max
Niemeyer,
Tracts,
1880); R.
Oliver Heslop,
The Northumbrian
;
Burr,'
ed.
Monthly Chronicle, 1888,

;
p.
by Dr. Hardy, vol. i R. Oliver Heslop, Northumberland Words, Introduction. Also, Archaeol. Aeliana, vol. xiii, pp. 72 and 223, arts, by D. Embleton and J. V. Gregory.
59
Denham
CARGILL, JOHN, M.D.

the Cross ; or,
1
The Raid
J.
6 pp.
Newcastle:
The Knights of St. John and o' The Auld Musee. Royal 8vo, M. Carr, 1875.
CATCHESIDE,
M.
The Lambton Worm.

n. d.
Sung
in the
Tyne Pantomime,
CHABLETON
CHATT
CHARLETON,
rise
R. J.
Newcastle Toivn.
An
account of
its
and progress: its struggles and triumphs: and its ending. By R. J. CHARLETON. 8vo, pp. iv, 433. London Walter Scott, 1885.
:
CHARLTON, EDWARD, M.D.

dale
and
its
Four Surnames.
2nd
ed.
M.D., D.C.L.
Carr, 1871.
Memorials of North TyneBy EDWARD CHARLTON, 101 pp. Newcastle: J. M. 8vo,
CHATER,
J.
W.
Illustrated
Comic Tyneside Almanac for

'
1862. Written in the Northumberland Dialect
egzackly
'
hoo the Newcassel Foaks tawk.'

uthor clivvor
G'yetsid,
By
J. P.
ROBSON,
an'
cheps
a'
owthor belangin
I2mo.
Newcassel,
or
sum ways
else.'
Newcastle-upon-
Tyne:
J.
W.
Chater, 1862.
Illustrated
'66, '67, '68,
Comic Tyneside Almanac for I2mo. '69, and '72, also '75.
'
863, '64, '65,
The Keelmins Comic Annewalfor 1869/70, '71, '72, gi' es y e ^ ne best bits o' wit an' wisdim be '73 '7 7 '$3
5
>
the clivvorest cheps aboot Tyneside.' Illustrated by J. L. MARCKE and C. H. Ross. i2mo. Newcastle-upon-Tyne
J.
W.
Chater.
*
'
Chater' s
Canny
Neivcassel
Diary and Local

J.
re-
membrancer.
1872.
8vo, 154 pp.
Newcastle:
W.
Chater,
CHATT, GEORGE.
CHATT. 8vo,
Miscellaneous Poems.
pp.
no
Hexham
;
J.
Catherall
'
:
By GEORGE & Co., 1866.
Bonnie Tyne(Contains the following poems in dialect ' The Countess of DerwentCash,' p. 28 side,' p. 9 ;
water's Lament,' p. 79
p. 84.
'
Reminiscences of an old Farmer,'

dialect
The
last is
an admirable example of the
of West-Tyne.)
10
CHATTO
Scenes
COMPLEAT COLLIER
and
Recollections of Fly Fishing, in
CHATTO, W. A.
Northumberland, Cumberland, and Westmorland.
By
STEPHEN OLIVER, the Younger, of Aldwark, in Com. Ebor. [W. A. CHATTO]. i2mo, pp. 160, Appendix 161-212. London Chapman & Hall, 1834.
:
Rambles in Northumberland and on The
Scottish
Border: Interspersed with brief notices of interesting events in Border history. By STEPHEN OLIVER, the
Younger [W. A. CHATTO].
i2mo, pp.
vi, 347.
London
Hall, 1835. (The Appendix, pp. 329-347, contains an extract from Bullein's Dialogue against the
Chapman &
called
'
Fever Pestilence, 1564, in Redesdale Dialect A Rhyme 'News from Newcastle,' 1651, by Wm. Ellis;
;
Charge of the Warden Courte from Nicholson's Border Laws Decay of Horsemen on the Borders,' 1592.)
'
'
'
'
CHICKEN, ED WARD.
by EDWARD CHICKEN.
castle: T. Saint, 1778.
The Collier
Wedding.
A Poem,
New-
Fifth edition.
8vo, 32 pp.
The Colliers Wedding. i2mo, 24 pp. paper covers. Newcastle-upon-Tyne William R. Walker, n. d. (Chap:
book.)
The
Collier's
Wedding.
A poem by EDWARD CHICKEN.

life
8vo, pp. xv, 32.
W.
CALL.)
(With a preface, notes, and Newcastle T. & J. Hodgson, 1829.

:
by
CLARE, AUSTIN.
See JAMES, CLARA.

Bella Taylors advice tiv her
(junr.).
COLD WELL,
T. (junr.)
man
on Strike. By T. COLDWELL no date nor publisher.
A song.
Newcastle,
COMPLEAT COLLIER
ing, Getting,
(The); or, The whole
Art of Sinkas is
and Working Coal Mines,
<$sc.,
now
used in the Northern Parts, especially about Sunderland and Newcastle. 8vo. 1708. (Reprinted in Richardson's
COQUETDALE FISHING SONGS
CKAWHALL
II
Miscellaneous Reprints, 1845. The Author writes under the initials J. C. His work includes terms used in
many
Coal-mining.)
COQUETDALE FISHING SONGS

collected
(The).
Now
first
and edited by a North-Country Angler. 1 68 8vo, pp. Edinburgh: Blackwood, 1852.

Newcastle
Sm.
CORVAN, EDWARD. Cowan's

24 pp. each.
:
W.
2 parts, lamo, Songs, R. Walker, n. d.
Corvan
Stewart,
Song Book.
i2mo, 24 pp.
Newcastle:
Wm.
By
n. d.
COUPER, GEORGE WILLIAM.

Hill Street, South Shields
;
Original Poetry.
GFORGE WILLIAM COUPER, Teacher

and
'
of Navigation, &c., author of The East Coast
Tide
Tables.
1
Post 8vo,
828.
24 pp.
North Shields:
Shields
R.
Henderson,
(Contains The
Steam
Ferry.'
A new
COXE,
song, written in the provincial dialect.)
R. C.
The
Snow Shroud;
or, the Lost
Bairn
o*
Biddleston Edge. By R. C. COXE. Newcastle: M. A. Richardson, 1845.
8vo, pp.
vi, 20.
CRAWHALL, JOSEPH.
J.
at the
Compiled by Northumberland Small- Pipes Competition, Dec. i2mo. Newcastle. 1870.
Notes on the Sword Dancers. CRAWHALL, and read by Dr. J. C. BRUCE

7,
Collection of Right Merrie
Country Anglers. continued to this present year. 8vo, pp. xv, 312. castle George Rutland, 22 Blackett Street, 1864.
:
Garlands for North Edited by JOSEPH CRAWHALL and
New-
Chaplets
8vo, 84 pp.
from
Coquet-Side.
By JOSEPH CRAWHALL.
Newcastle:
'
100 copies printed, sixteen with etchings. R. Robinson, 1873. (Contains 'A Lay of
'
Rimside and
Happy
Friendship,' in dialect.)
12
CRAWHALL
DENHAM
Beuk
o'
CRAWHALL, JOSEPH. A
Collected
Newcassel
Sangs.
xi, 131.
by JOSEPH CRAWHALL. Sm. 4to, pp. Newcastle: Mawson, Swan & Morgan, 1888.
CREIGHTON, THE
borough).
REV.
CANON (Bishop
of
Peter-
The
Northumbrian Border.
article in
Overprint from
Appendices.
Large 8vo. The Historical -Review, with
(Local terms in the latter.)
CRESSWELL, MARSHALL.
Recitations, &c.
and other Songs, MARSHALL CRESSWELL, Composed by

Local
Dudley,
graphy,
Co., 1876.
Northumberland, with introductory autobioismo, 36 pp. Newcastle: J. W. Chater &

143 pp.
Second Edition, 1883.
DAWES, RICHARD.
The Origin of the Newcastle Burr.
The Second Edition with alterations and additions. A Satirical Poem. By RICHARD DAWES. London, 1767.
Reprinted, 1844, in vol.
iii
of Richardson's Newcastle
Satire
;
Reprints of Rare Tracts. (A

whatever.)
with no dialect value
DENHAM,
M. A.
Tyne. Folk-Lore ; or,

4to.
Richmond
Proverbial Folk-Lore of Newcastle-onin Com. Ebor. J. Bell, 1855.

:
A collection of Local Rhymes, Proverbs,

<&c.,
Sayings, Prophecies, Slogans,
relating to
Northum-
berland, Newcastle-on-Tyne and Berwick-on-Tweed. Sm. 8vo, 154 pp. Richmond in Com. Ebor: J. Bell, 1858.
Folk-Lore by MICHAEL AISLABIE DENHAM, and reprinted from the original tracts and pamphlets printed by Mr. Denham
Tracts.
collection of
The
Denham
between 1846 and 1859.
Demy 8vo, vol. i,
Edited by Dr. JAMES HARDY. pp. xi, 367 vol. ii, xi, 396. Published for
;
the Folk-Lore Society.
London: David Nutt, 1893-1895.
DIXON
EDINGTON
13
DIXON,
land.
D. D.
By
D. D. DIXON.
The Vale of Whittingham, Northumberjsmo, 72 pp. Newcastle-
upon-Tyne: Daily Journal Office, 1887. Old Wedding Customs in Upper-Coquetdale and Alndale, Northumberland. By D. D. DIXON. T2mo,
15 pp.
1888.
Keprinted from the Newcastle Courant, December,
Shrove-Tide Customs.
Shrove Tuesday, called also
Fasterns, Fasten, or Fasting Eve, or Pancake Tuesday.
D. D. DIXON, Rothbury. i amo, 7 pp. Reprinted from the Newcastle Courant, February 29, 1894. (Contains
By
on pp.
4, 5 and 6 a description, in the dialect, of the Football Play at Rothbury.)
Coquetdale Customs.
p.
Archaeologia Aeliana,
vol. xiii,
306.
Whittingham
Traditions
Vole,
Northumberland:
its
History,
and
Folk-Lore.
with illustrations
xx, 348.
By DAVID DIPPIE DIXON, by JOHN TUBNBULL Dixox. 8vo, pp.

o'
Newcastle: Robert Redpath, 1895.

T.
DONALDSON,
Glossary.
('Tarn
Glanton').
Poems.
:
With
Post 8vo, 205 pp.
Alnwick
Davison, 1809.
DUNBAR, WILLIAM.
Local and other Songs, Recitations and Conundrums, a Local Tale, &c. Composed by the late WILLIAM DUNBAE, Wardley Colliery, i 2mo, 48 pp. New-
castle: Stevenson
&
Dryden, 1874.
EDIN GTON
J. S.
Billy Purvis's Benefit

other
'
The Keelman's
8vo, 40 pp.
Grand Remonstrance,' and

North Shields, 1863.
Poems.
Low
Shields:
Notes from a Small Pipe.
8vo, 107 pp.
North
W.
J. Potts, 1896.
14
EMBLETON
M.D.
ERASER
Local Dialect Dialogues.
(Contains copious
EMBLETON, DENNIS,
8vo, 62 pp. Privately printed, 1892. notes to the dialect words.)
EMERY,
Barlow
Printed
R.
The Newcastle Champion, or the Battle of
Fell.
A
R.
T.
local
song in
dialect.
Broad-sheet.
by
Edgar, Pilgrim
Street,
Newcastle,
[1824]. (Emery wrote many songs in dialect which were broad-sheeted. No collection of his works has been made.)
FARRER, JOHN.
Netherwitton.
1831.
1
The Poetical Works of John Farrer,
2mo, 238 pp.
Ely th
J.
Robinson,
(A few of the poems are in
dialect.)
FOLK-LORE.
1866.
Counties of England
Notes on the Folk-Lore of the Northern and the Border. 8vo. London
:
Republished London, 1879.
by
the
Folk-lore
Society.
8vo.
FORSTER,
Dialect.
J.
G.
J.
By
The Song of Solomon in the Newcastle G. FORSTER. (250 copies printed.) Sm.
4to, pp. iv, 19.
London: Barclay, n.d. [1859.]

of Corbridge
FORSTER, ROBERT. History Antiquities, &c. By ROBERT

202.
and
its
FORSTER.
8vo, pp. vi,
Newcastle:
J. Beall,
1881.
FORSTER, WESTGARTH.
the Strata
Treatise
on a Section of
from Newcastle-upon-Tyne to the Mountain Cross Fell in Cumberland ; with remarks on Mineral of Veins in general, &c. znd ed. By WESTGARTH FORSTER.
vi pp.
8vo, pp. x, 422, Appendix, xvi pp., Index and Glossary, Printed for the Author, at the Geological Press,
sold
and
1821.
by John Pattinson, Alston, Cumberland, &c.
FRASER, J.
Frasers Tyneside Comic Annual.
Unpaged.
FRASER
GREEN WELL
15
FRASER,
I2mo.
Frasers Myth and Tyneside Comic Annual. Blyth: J. Eraser, 1890.

J.
Frasers Blyth and Tyneside Comic Annual, and Year Book of Drollery. i2mo. The Same. 1891. I2mo. Unpaged. J. Fraser, 1892. Blyth (All the
:
above are largely made up of advertisements.)
GALLOWAY, THOMAS.
Otherwise).
Overlooked Odes (Serious and Collected and arranged with Critical Notes,
by THOMAS
GALLOWAY.
Howe
Brothers, 1887.
Gateshead: ismo, 24 pp. (Number One, 'Jubilee Day/ is
in dialect.)
GILCHRIST, ROBERT.
Collection of Original Local Second Edition. To which is added The loss Songs. of the Ovington,' a poem. Newcastle: 8vo, 24 pp.
'
Mitchell, 1824.
Poems.
1826.
8vo, 88 pp.
Newcastle
Printed by Boag,
A Collection of Original Songs, Local and Sentimental.

By ROBERT
W.
GILCHRIST.
i2mo,
36
pp.
Newcastle:
A. Mitchell, 1836.
GRAY, WILLIAM.
by
S. B., 1649.
Chorographia ;
or,
a Svrvey of New-
castle-upon-Tine } &c. 4to, pp. viij,34. Newcastle: Printed

Ditto.
vol. xi,
(folio,
Reprinted Harleian Misc. vol.
iii,
i745> and
1810; by
the Society of Antiquaries, Newcastle
Newcastle, 1813 and 1820); by Wm. Garrett, 1818; in Richardson's Antiquities of the Border, 1881 with illustrations by Jos. Crawhall, 4to, 1884; by Geo.
Nicholson, South Shields (twenty copies printed with
appendix) 1892.
GREENWELL,
G. C.
Glossary of Terms used in the
Coal Trade of Northumberland
and Durham.
First
l6
Edition, 1849.
HALL
HESLOP
vi, 56.
Second Edition. 8vo, pp. J. Gray Bell, 1851. Third Edition. London: Bemrose & Sons, 1888.
London:
92
pp.
8vo,
HALL, JAMES.
I2mo, pp.
Guide
to
Glendcde.
By JAMES HALL.
xii, 130.
many
local
(Contains terms for natural features of the country.)
Wooler: M. Brand, 1887.
HARBOTTLE, JOHN.
Fishing Songs sung at the Annual Meetings of the Newcastle Fishing Club.' Broad-sheets, various dates.
'
HARRISON, ROWLAND.
quarto, 8 pp.
Jubilee
Song Book.
Small
(No date or publisher, but probably Allan,

n. d.
Newcastle.)
Tyneside Songs. i2mo, 52pp. Newcastle: Allan,
HASWELL,
Life.
G. H.
The Maister,
Century of Tyneside
By GEORGE H. HASWELL. 8vo,pp. xv,339. London:

J
Walter Scott,
895.
HENDERSON, GEORGE.
and Proverbs
trative notes.
The Popular Rhymes, Sayings,
of the County of Berwick.
With illusGEORGE HENDERSON, Surgeon, J2mo, By

:
pp. viii, 184.
Newcastle-upon-Tyne
W.
S.
Crow, 1856.
Glossary
HESLOP,
of
R.
OLIVER. Northumberland Words, a

the
Words used in
the Tyneside.
Soc., Series C,
County of Northumberland and on R. OLIVER HESLOP; English Dialect By Original Glossaries, Nos. 66, 68, and 71.
:
Vol. i. A Fy, pp. xxxii, 310. London Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co., 1892. Vol. ii. Ga Z, pp. 311-
313.
London: H. Frowde, 1893-1894.

Last.
Geordy's
By HARRY HALDANE
20
pp.
ed.
(R.
OLIVER
:
HESLOP).
Sm.
Office,
8vo,
1878.
Courant
1879.
2nd
Newcastle-upon-Tyne with songs, 42 pp.
HESLOP
HOUSTON
17
HESLOP,
1880.
R.
OLIVER.
His Other Eye.

Newcastle:
sketch in the
Office,
Newcastle Folk Speech. The Keeker's Cat.

1884.
Courant
Courant
(Reprinted in Allan's Collect, 1891.)
4 pp. Newcastle
Office,
Newcastle Toon ne Mair.
(Broad-sheet, 1885.)
HISTORY OF NORTHUMBERLAND.
4to, vol.
i,
Issued under
the direction of the Northumberland History Committee.
By
1893, PP- x'v, 462; vol. ii, 1895, pp. xi, 570. E. BATESON. Vol. iii, 1896, pp. x, 352. By A. B.
HINDS.
Newcastle: A. Reid
(Contain
field
names and
other terms.)
HODGSON, REV. JOHN.
The Picture of Newcastle-upon-
the principal buildings, streets, &c.,
Tyne, being a brief historical and descriptive guide to and a History of the
Coal Trade,
1812.
i2mo, pp.
iv,
306.
Newcastle: Akenhead,
By
History of Northumberland. Rev. JOHN HODGSON Vol.
In three parts, 4to. i, part iii, 'Ancient

ii,
Records,' &c. (London, 1820); vol.
part
iii,
iii,
'Ancient
'
Records/ &c.
'
(Newcastle, 1828)
vol.
part
'
iii,
Pipe
Rolls,' &c. (Newcastle, 1835); vol. i, part ii, 'Parish Histories (Newcastle, 1827) vol. ii, part ii, Parish Histories' (Newcastle, 1832); vol. iii, part ii,' Parish Histories'
5
(Newcastle, 1840). (Several local words will be found, especially in the volumes forming Part ii.)
HORSLEY, JAMES.
Songs and Poems.
pp. xvi, 174.
Lays of Jesmond, and Tyneside By the late JAMES HORSLEY. 8vo,
Newcastle: Andrew Reid, 1891.
HOUSTON,
Never
of The
Collection of Poems, Odes, and Songs. before published. By the late T. HOUSTON, author
T.
Term
day, Progress of Madness, &c.

c
8vo, 48 pp.
l8
HOUSTON
LEBOUR
Newcastle: Printed and sold by David Bass, foot of
Pilgrim Street, 1804.
HOUSTON, T. The Progress of Madness or, The Irishman Insane. A Poem in two parts, &c., to which is
;
added, The Squire's Expedition;
or,
:
a Song. 8vo, 48 pp. & Anderson, 1802.
Newcastle
The Guinea Hen, Printed by Vint
JAMES, CLARA.
and Love in
8vo, 218 pp.
the
Pearl in the Shell
:
'
North Countrie.
:
By
Tale of Life AUSTIN CLARE.'
For
208 pp. The
the
London S. P. Love of a Lass

:
C. K., n.d.
Tale of Tynedale.
Vol.
i,
By
ii,
'AUSTIN CLARE.'
2vols. 8vo.
220 pp.;
vol.
By & Co.,
'
London Chatto & Windus, 1890. Way Out A Northumbrian Pitman's Story. AUSTIN CLARE.' 8vo, 68 pp. London J. Masters
:
:
1890.
JOHNSTON,
Tweed.
DR.
GEORGE.
The Flora of Berwick on
2vols. 8vo. 1829,1831. The Botany of the Eastern Borders (Terra LindisWith the popular names and uses of the farnensis).
plants,
and of the customs and
been associated with them.

8vo, pp. x, 366.
By
which have GEORGE JOHNSTON, M.D.

beliefs
Plates
I-XIII.
of the
vol.
London:
'
John Van
Voorst, 1853.
(This
is vol. i
Nat. History of the
Eastern Borders.'
No
By
second
was published.)
its
JONES,
S. S.
Northumberland and
295.
S. S.
4to, pp. vi,
JONES.
Neighbour Lands. S. S. Newcastle

:
Jones, n. d.
LEBOUR,
G. A.
land and
Outlines of the Geology of NorthumberDurham. By G. A. LEBOUR, M.A., F. G. S. (2nd
ed. as regards
Northumberland.)
Co., 1886.
Cr. 8vo, pp. vi, 220.
Newcastle
Lambert &
(Contains local terms.)
LONG PACK
MARSHALL
Northumberland
Tale,
19
LONG PACK
Hundred Years
Bell,
(The).
old.
An
i2mo, 24 pp.
Geo.
Printed for John
on the Quay, Newcastle, 1817.

edition.
Another
1817.
Angus, Printer, Newcastle,

Newcastle:
Another
Hall, 1818.
edition.
I2mo, 24 pp.
Wm.
J.
LUCKLEY,
LUCKLEY.
p. 3,
J.
L.
The Alnwick Language.
By
L.
(A
'
glossary of
the Alnwick dialect.
See
under Alnwick.')
The
MARSHALL,
J.
Northern Minstrel, or Gateshead
Songster. Being a choice Collection of the most apmodern songs proved including also a number of
:
originals
from the manuscripts of the respective authors. Gateshead-upon-Tyne Printed and sold by J. Marshall
:
and may
and
II,
also be
had of the principal Booksellers in

serial,
;
Great Britain.
(A
in four parts, i6mo.

Pt. Ill,
Parts I
;
72 pp. each, 1806

'
74
pp., n. d.
Pt. IV,
:
The following are the pieces in dialect 76 Pt. II, Pt. I, p. 66, Donocht Head,' by G. PICKERING Pt. IV, p. i, 'Bob p. 6 1, 'My Lord 'Size/ by J. SHIELD 'Size Sunday'; p. 72, 'Bob Cranky's Adieu,' Cranky's
pp., n. d.
;
and
'
p. 73,
Swalwell Hopping.'
There are also a few
songs in Scotch.)
The Newcastle Songster.

of
songs,
descriptive
Being a choice Collection of the language and manners
of the
hood.
n. d.
people of Newcastle and neighbourI2mo, 24 pp. Newcastle Printed by J. Marshall,
common
(Afterwards re-issued in chapbook form, [1812]. as Part I of a series of six booklets.)

Newcastle
Songs.
Collection
c 2
of
popular songs
20
illustrative of the
MARSHALL
language and manners of the common people on the banks of the Ty ne. 1 2mo, 1 6 pp. NewPrinted and sold by J. Marshall, in castle-upon-Tyne
:
the Old Flesh Market, 1819. (Contents man's Courtship ; 'The Barber's News
' '
:'
; ;
The
Pit-
'The Eagle
'
The PitWeel may the Keel Row' man's Skelly scope The Sandgate Lassie's Lament My Lord 'Size,' and The Baboon.')
Steam Packet'
'
'
'
MARSHALL,
castle
:
J.
The Oatesliead Cabinet.
Collection of songs.
J.
By
T. R. V.
Being a small i2mo, 14 pp. New-
Marshall, 1816.
of Original Newcastle Songs. before published in any Collection, I2mo, 16 pp.

Collection
Not
New-
castle-upon-Tyne
*
J.
Marshall,
'
1819.
'
(Contains nine
*
songs
Jemmy
'
Joneson's
' ;
Whurry
;
Walk
'
Canny Newcastle
' ;
'
'Sir
Tommy made
'
Orangeman's an
<
;
Oddfellow
'
Billy
Oliver
Howlet
his
'
Keelman's
Stick
'
Coaly Tyne Jenny Burdon's Address to

'
Cavalry.')
2nd
edition, 1819.
3rd edition, 1820.
4th edition, 1823.
A Collection of Songs, Comic and Satirical. Chiefly in the Newcastle dialect, and illustrative of the language and manners of the common people on the banks of the
Tyne and neighbourhood. By Messrs. THOMPSON, SHIELD, MIDFORD, and others. (2nd edition.) i2mo, 72 pp.
Newcastle-upon-Tyne
in
:
J.
Marshall, 1819.
penny numbers
as chapbooks.)
3rd
(Issued also edition, 1820.
Another edition, including Songs on the Coronation,

76 pp., printed 1822.
4th edition, 72 pp., 1823.
A
tive.
Collection of Songs, Comic, Satirical
and
Descrip-
Chiefly in the Newcastle dialect.
By T. THOMPSON,
others.
J.
SHIELD,
W. MIDFORD, H. ROBSON, and
Pp.
ii,
MARSHALL
228.
MIDFOKD
:
21
Newcastle-upon-Tyne
J.
Printed by John Marshall,
in the Old Flesh Market, 1827.
MARSHALL,
The Newcastle Songster.
Being a choice
Collection of songs, descriptive of the language and manners of the common people of Newcastle-upon-Tyne
and neighbourhood, a new edition with

in six parts, 24 pp. each.
additions.
2mo,
J.
Newcastle-upon-Tyne:
Marshall, n. d.
tion Songs.
Complete Collection of Original Newcastle CoronaComprising all that have been written on
the coronation of George IV.

1
822.
(Only one song,
'
i2mo, 16 pp. Newcastle, Newcastle in an Uproar/ con-
tains dialect words.)
Complete Collection of Original Newcastle Coronation Songs. Comprising all that have been written on the
coronation of George IV, and on the intended removal of
the
-
Custom House.
A
Tyne:
I2mo 76 pp. Newcastle, 1822. Collection of Songs on the Intended Branch Custom
3
House at North
Shields.
I2mo, 12 pp.
Newcastle-upon-
J. Marshall, n. d. [1822].
A
1
Garland of Newcastle Songs.

Newcastle-upon-Tyne
:
Eighteen numbers.
2mo.
J. Marshall, n. d.
MARSHALL, THOMAS. A
Songs.
Collection of Original Local
By THOMAS MARSHALL,
I2mo, 24 pp.
Newcastle-upon-Tyne. Printed for the author by Wm. Fordyce,
Dean
Street, [Newcastle], 1829.
MAXWELL, W.H. Border Sketches. 2 vols. cr. 8vo. 1847. MIDFOKD, W. A Collection of Songs, Comic and Satirical.
MIDFOKD. Chiefly in the Newcastle dialect. By WILLIAM To which are added a few local songs, by various authors.
I2mo, 70 pp.
his
name
'
(The author here spells but elsewhere Mitford.') Midford,'

Newcastle, 1818.
'
22
MIDFORD
NEWCASTLE
MIDFORD, W.
1816.
The Budget; or, Newcastle Songster for J2mo, 24 pp. Newcastle: J. Marshall, 1816. The Feast of Momus or Odd (Sub-title on inner page.)
*
Fellows' Cabinet for 1816, contains a collection of songs, chiefly in Newcastle dialect, never before published, &c.
Dedicated by Brother Mitford.' (Contains X. Y. Z. at Newcastle races Cappy ;

'
'
'
Tyne Fair'
'
'
'
Local Militia-
man
'
'
'
;
Mayor
DR.
of Bourdeaux
' ;
'
Staffordshire
Ware
'
Tyne
Cossacks.')
MURRAY,
By
J.
*Dr.
WM.
Hazelton
Northumbrian
Story.
:
WM. MUREAY.
Cr. 8vo, 297 pp.
Newcastle
M. Carr, 1895.
NEWCASTLE.
Advice
to the
Advised, or the Philosopher
Confuted. poetical dialogue, between William Shuttle, the weaver, Thomas Thimble, the taylor, and
his wife
In a
Peggy
never before made public.

S.
PHILUS CRISPIN, a Northumbrian. castle Printed for the Author by

:
8vo, 12 pp.
By THEONew-
Hodgson, and sold

'
'
by E. Charnley & Son, 1803.

The Black Garland.
'
Containing
'
The Meikle Black

Swingeing
De.il,
The Holy Puzzle or the Bogle-bo 'The Chield

'
wi' the
Tail';
t's
'
Speech'
'
Presbyterian
Minister's Prayer &c. 8vo, 1 6 pp.
for
the
Dei]
'
;
The Cardiometer/
Newcastle: Printed by W. Fordyce,

(Scotch dialect.)
29 Sandhill, 1827.
Caps Well Fit; or, Select Epigrams, Serious and Comic. By Titus in Sandgate,' and Titus Everywhere.' [WM. HILTON, of the Customs]. i2mo, 191 pp. New'
*
castle
Printed by T. Angus, for T. Fishburn, Monkwear mouth, and sold by all booksellers in town and country, 1785. (Contains a few dialect words.)
:
NEWCASTLE
23
NEWCASTLE.
Chambers and Cooper.

Newcastle
:
By
R.
L.
W.
(Broad-sheet.) Collection of Right Merrie Garlands for North
Allan, n. d.
Country Anglers.
1836, 1842.
Ditto.
Sm.
8vo.
Newcastle: E. Charnley,
Edited by JOSEPH CKAWHALL, and continued
to this present year.
Newcastle
George Rutland,
864.
in
Comic and Descriptive Songs. Chiefly the Newcastle dialect, i 2mo. Alnwick W. Davison,
Collection of
:
Q.d.
The Contented Couckould ;

of
or,
a Pleasant
New
Songe,
a New-Castle Man, Who's Wife being Gone from
Him
Shewing how he Came to London to Her, and when he Found Her, Carried Her back again to New-Castle Towne.
I2mo, 12 pp.
(Reprint by John Bell, on the Quay,
New-
castle-upon-Tyne.)
The Custom House Branch;

(Broad-sheet.)
or,
Newcastle Undone.
North Shields:
Printed by
Roddom &
Son, n.
d.
or, Nine Pleasant Ditties. was pending whether or no question Sung a branch of the Custom House at Newcastle should be established at North Shields. 8vo, 20 pp. Newcastle Printed for John Bell, on the Quay, 1816. (Fifty copies
The Custom House Garland;

while the
printed.)
Fishers Garlands.
By ROXBY, and
Newcastle
:
others,
1820,
1821, 1830, 1833, 1843-1865.
E. Charnley.
Glassmaker's Procession, 1823.

Jubilee of George the Third. Marshall, 1816. Republished,
n. d.
(Broad-sheet.)
Poem.
Newcastle
J.
I2mo, 4 PP-
Wilkinson, Newcastle,
The Life and Adventures of Billy Purvis. Cr. 8vo, Newcastle D. Bowman, Nun's Lane, 1875. pp. iv, 200.
:
24
NEWCASTLE
Local Songs. Sung by William Thompson at the Oxford Music Hall, Newcastle. No. i 1 2mo, 1 6 pp.
.
NEWCASTLE.
Gateshead:
W. H.
Brockett,
'
:
1866.
(This
Collection
Aw's Sittin on Th' Kee, BAGNALL Aw've lost maw poor Mally/ by JOSHUA Aw's Bill Thompson, Oh Muthor,' by W. THOMPSON ANON. on Banks o' Tyne,' by J. P. ROBSON Changes Dolly May,' by J. P. ROBSON Fishing for Eels upon The Pawnshop in a Bleeze,' the Kee,' by J. P. ROBSON
includes the following songs
'
'
'
'
'
'
[J.
P.
ROBSON]; 'On the Kee,' by

J. P.
J. P.
J. P.
'
;
ROBSON; 'The
Rifleman Sowldjer,' by
ROBSON
When we went
doon to Tynemouth/ by
ROBSON.)
Legend.
The Monthly Chronicle of North Country Lore and 5 vols. Newcastle Walter Scott, 1887-91.
:
The Newcastle Magazine.

castle, 1818-1831, &c.
art.
'
Various publishers.
New-
On
'
the Etymology
(Vol. i, pp. 197-236, contains of Parishes, &c., in Northumber-
land.'
Newcastle:
J.
Clark,
1818;
vol.
iii,
p.
420,
:
Review Border
Mitchell, 1824;
Ballads,'
vol.
by JAMES TELFEE. Newcastle
viii.
Master and Servant.'

also
p. 130, 'Dialogue between Newcastle: Mitchell, 1829. See
under WILSON,
'
Pitman's Pay.')
The Newcastle Song Book; or, Tyneside Songster. Being a Collection of comic and satirical songs Small 8vo, 332 pp. chiefly in the Newcastle dialect.
.
Newcastle-upon-Tyne
W. &
T. Fordyce, n. d. [1842].
The Newcastle Songster. Being a choice collection of songs in the Newcastle dialect. Small 8vo. Newcastle D. France & Co., n. d.
:
Newcastle Songster ; or, Tyne Minstrel. Containing a choice selection of modern and original songs. i2mo.
Newcastle-upon-Tyne
David Bass, 1806.
NEWCASTLE
25
NEWCASTLE. A New
Lantern Justice ;
1822.
to tions of Poor Snap.'
Song, entitled Street Piracy or

is
which
added.
'
8vo, 4 pp.
Newcastle
The Dying ReflecJohn Booth,

:
Nixon's Qateshead and Tyneside Almanac, 1883.
North Country Traditions, Legends and Ballade. i2mo, 96pp. Newcastle-upon-Tyne: D. Bowman, 1875. (A pamphlet reprint of Chevy Chase,' The Long Pack,' Hermit of Wark worth,' The Laidley Worm of Spindleston
' '
'
Side,' 'Newcastle Mary's Lament,' and a few added paragraphs containing historical notes, n. d.) Northern Rhymes. Including Delaval and the Monk,'
'
Heugh," Jock o' the
with numerous other pieces, general and local. By the writer of 'The Lambton Worm.' Vol. i, 8vo, 242 pp. London: J. R. Smith. Newcastle: J. W. Chater, 1872.
(Contains some dialect.)
The Northumberland Garland ;

ingale.
or,
Newcastle Night-
71 pp. (See also RITSON.)
matchless collection of famous songs. Newcastle: by and for Hall & Elliot.
Collection of Odd Songs.
i6mo,
1793.
An Odd
Lodges,
Original, local
and
miscellaneous, as sung
by Odd Fellows in the Newcastle and principally written by Odd Members of that
1
Odd Fraternity.
1825.
2mo, 24 pp.
Newcastle
R. T. Edgar,
The Picture of Newcastle-upon-Tyne. Containing a guide to the town and neighbourhood, an account of
the
Roman
wall,
and a description of the

:
coal mines.
Illustrated
by a Map of the coal district and a Plan of Newcastle. Newcastle Printed by and for D. Akenhead
&
Sons, 1807.
Pitman Gan
Elliott.)
to
Parlimint.
(Broad-sheet,
by R.
2,6
NEWCASTLE
NEWCASTLE.
The Pitman Prophet. A local song as Mr. John Bessford. &c. 1840. (Broad- sheet.) sung by Poems. Addressed to several persons by a lady in Newcastle. 8vo. Newcastle Wm. Fordyce, residing
}
:
1829.
(Contains a few dialect words.)

(No.
others.
i.)
Rejected Papers.
petition, including
From
:
a late local com(a fragment).
i2mo 24 pp.
Newcastle: E. Tinlin, 1870. - A Songe, made in Edwarde the Fourthe hys tyme, of ye Battele of Hexhamme, in Northomberlonde : anno
M.CCCC.LXIV.
:
8vo, 13 pp.
Notes 2 pp.
Newcastle-
upon-Tyne M. A. Richardson, 1848. (A modern poem in antique style, with notes of obsolete words.)
The Songs of
popular
chiefly
local
the Tyne.
Being a choice collection of

satirical,
songs,
comic,
and descriptive
in the
Newcastle
:
dialect.
I2mo, 10 numbers.
Newcastle-upon-Tyne John Ross, n. d. The Songs of the Tyne. Being a collection of popular local songs. I2mo, 7 numbers. Newcastle-upon-Tyne:
W.
R. Walker, n.
Tracts, Issued
d.
by John Sykes.
collection, con-
taining
(i)
Account of the proceedings in Newcastle and
Gateshead at the Coronation of George III and Queen Charlotte, Sept. 1761, and George IV, 1821. 16 pp. Newcastle,
1822.
(2) Trial of
Watson
v.
Can-, for assault

Ibid., 1823.
and
(3)
false
imprisonment at Newcastle.
37 pp.
line
Stanzas on the intended
new
of road
from
Potticar Lane to Leyburn Hole, with an account of the memorable events which have occurred on Gateshead Fell.
16 pp. Ibid., 1825. (4) Account of the statue of King Charles II formerly on Tyne Bridge, with the pasquinade on its removal to the Exchange and the reply. 8 pp. Ibid.,
1826.
(5)
La Belle Assemblee
or the
Tinmouth Bathers.
NEWCASTLE
27
poem, humbly inscribed &c., by G. K. pp. vi, 10.
to the ladies of Newcastle,

Ibid.,
1838.
(6)
Verses on
;
the Earl of Northumberland's restoring Alnwick Castle Lines on the Hermitage of Warkworth, and an Elegy on
the Quakers' burial ground at Cullercoats. 12 pp. Ibid., 1829. (7) An account of the Rebellions in 1715-16 and
1745-46, so far as relates to the counties of Northumber-
land and Durham, the towns of Newcastle-upon-Tyne and Berwick. 36 pp. Ibid., 1831. (8) An account of
the dreadful explosion in Wallsend Colliery on June 18, 1 835 to which is added a list of explosions, inundations,
;
which have occurred in the coal mines of Northumberland and Durham. 38 pp. Ibid., 1835. Collected in
&c.,
i
vol. 8vo, boards.
NEWCASTLE.
each. iv
J.
Parts
i,
ii, iii,
Tyneside Songs. Newcastle

Parts
Tamo, in 8 parts, 24 pp. W. R. Walker. Parts
and v anonymous.
Ross, n. d.
'
'
vi, vii,
and
viii,
Newcastle
The Tyneside Sang Beuk. Chapbook. 16 Newcastle J. W. Swanston, n. d. pp.

:
Demy
8vo,
The Tyneside Songster.

satirical
choice collection of comic,
and descriptive i8mo, 108 pp. Alnwick
songs, in the Newcastle dialect.

:
W. Davison,
n. d. [1826].
The same,
first edition,
reprinted from the stereotype
plates, 108 pp.
Newcastle:
W. Bowman,
Alnwick
1887.
:
An enlarged edition,
1840.
144 pp.
W. Davison,
stereo-
The same, second

type plates, 144 pp.
edition, reprinted
from the
Newcastle: T. Allan, 1889.

choice collection of songs in North Shields: i3mo, 72 pp.
The Tyne Songster. the Newcastle dialect.
28
NEWCASTLE
Printed and sold by Marshall's collection.)
NUNN
(A reprint of
choice selection
W.
Orange, 1827.
NEWCASTLE.
W. &
The Tyne Songster. of songs in the Newcastle dialect,

T. Fordyce, 1840.
I2mo.
Newcastle:

tion of local songs
Containing a splendid
collec-
by
popular authors, in the

8vo, 16 pp.
NorthumJ.
brian dialect.
Demy
Newcastle:
W.
Swanston, n.
d.
Watty and Meg, or

I2mo, 24 pp.
Willy
the Wife reformed

:
Chapbook.
tale
Newcastle
W. &
fact.
T. Fordyce, n. d.
Wood and Greedy
Grizzle.
of the
To which are subjoined three new songs. (One of these is The Dream, a song for a Newcastle Man.') 8vo, 32 pp. London J. Forbes,
present century founded on
'
:
1791.
NICHOLSON, W.
App.
castle:
E. A Glossary of Terms used in the With Coal Trade of Northumberland and Durham.
By W.
E. NICHOLSON.
Sm. 8vo, 156 pp.

See RITSON.
New-
A. Reid, 1888.
NORTH COUNTRY CHORISTER.
N ORTHUMBERLAND. The Noble Laird of Thornyburne. A Northumbrian Border Ballad in three fyttes with
;
Introduction and Glossary.
8vo, pp. xvi, 55.
London
Saunders
&
Ottley, 1855.
(The Glossary includes thirty

See RITSON.
words only.)
NORTHUMBERLAND GARLAND. NORTHUMBERLAND HEROES, A

land
of.
Right Merry Gar:
for J. Bell,
I2mo, 24 pp. Newcastle-upon-Tyne on the Quay, 1814.
Printed
NUNN,
NUNN.
R.
1
Collection of Local Songs, &c.
By ROBERT
2mo, 46 pp.
Newcastle,
n. d.
OLIVER
RICHARDSON
See CHATTO,
29
OLIVER,
S. (the
Younger).
W.
A.
OLIVER, W.
other Pieces.
Collection of Original Local Songs
By WM.
:
OLIVEK.
i2mo, 24 pp.
and New-
castle-upon-Tyne
Printed by R. T. Edgar, at the
New
New-
Circulating Library, Pilgrim Street, 1824.
The same, an enlarged

castle
:
edition.
8vo, 70 pp.
Ed. Walker, 1839.

R. B.
PEACOCK,
1862-3.
On
&c.
some Leading Characteristics of

Phil.
Northumbrian,
Soc.
Trans.,
pp.
234-364,
PEASE,
PEASE.
HOWARD.
;
Borderland Studies.
8vo, 130 pp.
Newcastle: Mawson,
By HOWARD Swan &
Morgan
tales.
London
o'
Simpkin, Marshall,
De'il.
&
Co., 1893.
The Mark
T. Fisher
the
And
8vo,
other Northumbrian
By HOWARD
PEASE.
166
pp.
London:
Unwin, 1894.
The Hermit of Warkworth.
n. d.
PERCY, DR. THOS.

wick
:
Aln-
W. Davison,
Reliques of Ancient English Poetry.
Var. editions.
PROUDLOCK, LEWIS. Poems and

PROUDLOCK, The Border
'
Songs.
By LEWIS
:
Minstrel.'
i2mo. Haltwhistle
J.
iSlgmenson, n. d.
Toe Shepherd of the Beacon;
or,
The Hero of the

1
Khyber
Pass.
story of Coquetdale.
LOOK, Dinnington, Northumberland. Herald Office, 1877.
By LEWIS PROUD2mo. Hexham

:
The Borderland Muse.

8vo, pp. xi, 358. n.d. [1896].
London:
By LEWIS PROUDLOCK. Sm. O'Driscoll, Lennox & Co.,
RICHARDSON,
M. A. Local Historian's Table Book of Remarkable Occurrences, Historical Facts, Traditions,
30
RICHARDSON
RITSON
&c., connected
Legendary and Descriptive Ballads,

the Counties of
wiih
Newcastle-uiwn-Tyne, Northumberland,
8 vols. royal 8vo.
and Durham. By M. A. RICHARDSON.

Vols. i-v,
castle
:
Historical
Vols. vi-viii, Legendary.
New-
M. A. Richardson, 1841-6.
M. A.
'
RICHARDSON,
work
issued
page.)
The Borderers Table Book.

8 vols.
By
same
but
title
M. A. RICHARDSON.
as
1846.
(This
is
the
'
the
Local
Historian's
Table
Book
by H. G. Bohn, London, with a
different
RICHLEY, JOHN.
:
The Poetical Works of John Richley,
of Corbridge, Northumberland. Sm. 8vo, 152 pp. NewPrinted by John Marshall, 1824. (Contains song, castle
1
Ay don Wedding,'
in dialect.)
RIDLEY, GEORGE.
RIDLEY.
Broken Hearted Keelman.

Newcastle
1
:
By GEO.
:
(Broad-sheet.)
Allan, n. d.
T. Allan,
New
n.d.
Local Song Book.
2mo. Newcastle
The Time Gun.

Newcastle
:
By GEO. RIDLEY.
(Broad-sheet.)
T. Allan, n. d.
RITSON, JOSEPH.
songs.
Newcastle Nightingale.
8vo,
The Northumberland Garland, or A matchless collection of famous

'
Joseph
Ritson,
Newcastle, 1793. 94 pp. (Edited by and reprinted among the Northern
Garlands.'
8vo.
London, 1810
to
which an advertiseof
ment
by
is
prefixed
by J[oseph] H[azlewood].)
Collection
8vo, songs.
Northern Garlands.
Jos.
Edited
Reprint,
'
RITSON,
Edinburgh: E.
&
1784-93. G. Goldsmid, 1887.
260
pp.
(Contains
The
;
Bishopric Garland, or
Durham
Minstrel,'
*
1784, 1792
'The Yorkshire Garland/ 1788; The Northumberland Garland,' 1793; 'The North Country Chorister,' 1792.)
ROBSON
31
ROBSON, HENRY.
Figures in Rhymes; or, Metrical addressed to Northumbrians. By H. R. Computations
J. Bell,
[Henry Robson, compositor]. on the Quay, 1814.
Newcastle: Printed for
The Northern Minstrel's Budget.
By H.
R.
8vo,
4 pp.
(No
printer's
name
&c.)
or place.
medley of 227
names of Local Songs,
ROBSON,
J. P. Tyneside Songs. As sung by W. Thompson and others. i2mo, 5 parts. Newcastle: W. R.
Bowman, n. d. The Monomaniac, and Minor Poems.

287.
8vo, pp. xvi,
Newcastle:
Robert Ward, 1848.

'
:
following Local Songs

1
Nanny
;
(Contains the Jackson's Letter to
Lord Morpeth'; 'The Militia'; 'The Ether Doctor'; The Wonderful Tallygrip 'The High Level Bridge
' '
'
Jenny Lind
'
Newcassel in a Stoure
' ;
'
The
Collier's
Farewell.')
Songs of the Sards of the Tyne ; or a choice selection of original songs, chiefly in the Newcastle dialect, with a Glossary of 800 words. Edited by J. P. ROBSON. 2mo,
1
55 2 PP-
Newcastle: P.
France
&
Co., n. d. [1849].
J. P.
Original Tyneside Songs.
By
:
ROBSON.
I2mo,
72 pp. Newcastle-upon-Tyne by M. Ross, 48 Pilgrim Street, 1849. on the Northumberland dialect.)
Printed for the author
(Contains remarks
The Sick Teetotaller ;
or,
burlesque 20 pp, Newcastle-upon-Tyne: John Christie, 1850. Hermione the Beloved ; The Village Queen ; Crimean Sketches ; Solomon the Second, and Miscellaneous Poems.
tale in verse.
Nancy's Choice of a Doctor. By J. P. ROBSON. I2mo,
Sm. 8vo, pp.

'
viii,
310.
Edinburgh,
'
1857.
o'
Maw
the
Granfeyther
Dan
'
or,
The Toon
(Contains Newcassell
i'
Awd
Times,'
and others
in dialect.)
32
KOBSON
J. P.
ROXBY
ROBSON,
berland dialect.
The Song of Solomon. In the NorthumBy J. P. ROBSON. Sm. 4to, 20 pp. (250
copies printed for Prince L. L. Bonaparte.
London
Geo.
Barclay, n. d.
[1859].)
Versified from the English
The Song of Solomon.

translation of
James of England,
into
the dialect of
the colliers of Northumberland, but principally those dwelling on the banks of the Tyne. By J. P. ROBSON.
4to.
London, 1860.
The Book of Ruth.
In the Northumberland dialect.

Small, 2| inches
By
J.
P.
ROBSON, 1860.
by 4!
inches.
24 pp.
(250 copies printed for Prince L. L. Bonaparte.

:
London
George Barclay.) The Poetical Works of J. P. Robson, Bard of Old Tyne and Minstrel of the Wear. i2mo. Part i, new
series,
80 pp. London
;
& Son
37
Sunderland
W. Kent & Co. Leeds J. Heaton John P. Robson. Author's address,

;
:
High
Street, Sunderland.
1862.
Evangeline ; or, the Spirit of Progress. Together with a copious selection of Miscellaneous Poems. By J. P. ROBSON. Fcap. 8vo, pp. xxii, 372. Newcastle J. M. Carr,
:
1870.
(Pages 320-372 are in dialect.)
Life
and Adventures
ROBSON.
By
J. P.
of the far-famed Billy Purvis. Sm. 8vo, 240 pp. Newcastle John
:
Clarke, 1850.
Autobiography of J. P. Robson. Newcastle: J. W. Chater, 1870.
Post 8vo, 22 pp.
ROTHBURY.
1
Guide
2mo, 56 pp.
Rothbury and Upper Coquetdale. Rothbury Dixon Brothers, n. d.

to
:
Guide
60 pp.
Rothbury and Upper Coquetdale. Alnwick J. L. Luckley, 1873.

to
:
8vo,
ROXBY,
R.
Lay
of the Reedwater Minstrel.
By ROBERT
RULE
ROXBY.
1832.
8vo, pp. vi, 46.
SCOTT
Newcastle
:
33
T.
&
J.
Hodgson,
(A cut by Bewick shows a player upon the Northumberland small-pipes.)
RULE, GEORGE.
A Border Legend, and Local Rhymes. I2mo, 52 pp. Newcastle: Robert Ward, 1857. (Contains
dialect rhymes.)
RUSSELL, DORA. The Miner's Oath; and Underground. By DOHA RUSSELL. 8vo, 204 pp. London Routledge,
:
1871.
RUTHERFORD
and
Songs.
AND TELFORD. A Selection of Poems By W. RUTHEEFOBD and J. TELFORD. 8vo,

:
103 pp.
Gateshead
Howe
on
Brothers, 1878.
SCOTT,
R.
Treatise
the Ventilation of Coal Mines.
Together with a narrative of scenes and incidents from the life of a practical miner. By ROBERT SCOTT. 2nd
ed.
8vo, 72 pp.
Newcastle
M. & M. W. Lambert,
1868.
(Contains local
mining terms.)
Minstrelsy
of
the
SCOTT,
Edited
SIR W.
by
Sir
Scottish
dates.
Border.
W.
3
SCOTT,
vols.
various
5th
ed.
Edinburgh,
1821.
(These
volumes contain
some ballads belonging to the English side of the Border as well as some imitations of old ballads by
Surtees.
In
vol.
ductions
'
may
;
the following Northern English proThe be noted Battle of Otterburn

i
' ' ' :
Hookhope
'The Fray of Noble Jock o' the Side,' with Surtees' also, perhaps, Suport Death of Featherstonhaugh Lord Ewrie ballads In voL ii 'A Lyke-wake and 'Barthram's Dirge.'
'
Ryde
'
Hobbie
'
'
'
'
'
'
Dirge,'
and in
vol.
iii
Kempion,' also
D
may
belong to
the same category.)
34
SELKIRK
J.
SPRINGMANN
SELKIRK,
People.
castle:
Collection of Songs
select.
Original and
Small 8vo, 256 pp.
and Ballads for the New-
James
Selkirk, 1853.
SERVICE, JAMES. Metrical Legends of Northumberland, &c. By JAMES SERVICE, ismo, 160 pp. Alnwick: W. Davison, 1834. (Some dialect words in the poem Hob o' the Stob Hill,' p. 140.)
'
SHELDON, FREDERICK.
Border.
Minstrelsy of the English

of
ballads,
Being a collection
ancient,
re-
modelled, and original, founded on well

legends.
known Border
:
With
illustrative
notes.
SHELDON.
mans, 1847.
Square 8vo, pp.
xvii, 432.
By FREDERICK London Long-
(Contains modern-antique work.)
SHIELDS SONG BOOK.

SMITH,
all
South Shields, 1826.
LAURA A.
of the Sailor's
The Music of the Waters. A collection Chanties and working songs of the sea of
;
maritime nations
boatman's, fisherman's and rowing

8vo, pp. xxxii, 360.
songs, &c.
London
By LAURA A. SMITH. Kegan Paul & Co., 1888.
SOPWITH, THOMAS.
Districts
An
Account
of
the
Mining
in
of Alston Moor, Weardale,
and
Teesdale,
Cumberland and Durham. Comprising descriptive sketches of the scenery, antiquities, geology, and mining operations in the upper dales of the Tyne, Wear, and Tees.
By
T.
SOPWITH.
pp.
viii,
183.
Alnwick: W. Davison,
1833-
SPRINGMANN,
C.
F.
Six Exercises on the Letter R.

difficulty
Arranged to obviate the
of its articulation
(peculiar to the natives of Newcastle and land). By C. F. SPRINGMANN. 8vo, 16 pp.
NorthumberNewcastle
:
Printed for the Author [by T. Hodge, Sunderland], 1827.
STEPHENSON
TATE
35
STEPHENSON, W.
The Tyneside Minstrel.
Being a
Bridge
collection of original local songs arranged to popular airs. Sm. 8vo, 72 pp. Gateshead: W. Stephenson,
Street, 1824.
STEPHENSON, WILLIAM
(senior).
Collection
of
Local Poems, Songs, &c. By WILLIAM STEPHENSON, senr. Gateshead: W. Stephenson, 12 Bridge 8vo, pp. xi, 112.
Street, 1832.
STUART, GEORGE.
his Tenant,
A Joco-Serious Discourse, in two Dialogues, between a Northumberland Gentleman and

;
a Scotchman, both old Cavaliers. With an Anagram prefixt to them being Some Miscellaneous
Essays, Written upon several Occasions. (All in verse.) By GEORGE STCJABT. 4to, pp. xv, 76. London, for Ben-
jamin Toole; Newcastle,
for
John Story, 1686.

is
Scottish dialect of the tenant
(The with mingled throughout
the provincialisms of Northumberland.)
SUTHERLAND, ROBINSON PETER.
Geordy Brown's
Budget of Laughables. Containing a collection of original comic songs, medleys, and recitations, in the Newcastle
dialect.
1
2mo, 20 pp.
Newcastle-upon-Tyne
Printed
for the
Author
at 89 Side, 1842.
Geordy Browns Budget of Laughables.
Containing
collection of original comic songs, medleys,
and
recita-
tions, in the Newcastle dialect.
By
R. P. SUTHERLAND.
London
Webb, Millington &
Co., 1857.
SWANSON, THOMAS.
SWANSON, Old Hartley.
Select
Poems.
By THOMAS
iv, 96.
Small 8vo, pp.
North
Shields: J. Philipson, 1878. (Four poems are in dialect.)
TATE, GEORGE.
History of the Borough, Castle, and Barony of Alnwick. By GEORGE TATE, F.G.S. 2 vols., D 2
36
8vo. Vol.
i,
TATE
TRANSACTIONS
;
pp. ix, 480

:
vol.
ii,
pp.
vi,
ii,
481, and App.
xxiv.
Alnwick
H. H.
Blair, 1866-69.
TATE, MATTHEW.
Pit Life in 1893.

:
By MATTHEW
TATE, Blyth. i6pp. Blyth Alder, 1893. pamphlet with some dialect verses on pp.
(A rhyming and 12.)
THOMPSON, HENRY. A
Divided into parishes, &c.
graphical.
Reference Catalogue of Books
relating to the Counties of Durham
and Northumberland.
Historical
Part
i,
and Topo8vo, 36 pp.

refer-
Compiled by HENBY THOMPSON.

:
Newcastle-upon-Tyne Lambert, 1888. (A useful ence book. No second part published.)
THOMPSON,
REV.
J.
Poems, Moral, Descriptive, and
Elegiac. By the Rev. J. THOMPSON, Curate of Netherton, Northumberland. 2 vols., post 8vo. Newcastle Printed
:
by K. Anderson,
1806.
(Contain some dialect words.)
THOMPSON, ROBERT.
of
Poems.
By ROBERT THOMPSON,
Newsham.
120 pp.
and enlarged edition, ismo, T. Messer, 1879. Blyth: (Contains songs in

Revised
'
dialect, including
Aw wish
Pay Friday wad
cum.')
TOMLINSON, W. W.
Comprehensive Guide to the County Sm. 8vo, of Northumberland. By W. W. TOMLINSON. London Walter Scott, 1888. xii, 574. pp.
:
TRANSACTIONS OF THE NAT. HIST. SOCIETY OF NORTHUMBERLAND, DURHAM, AND NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE.

Ditto, new series,
Vols.
i
and
ii,
4to, 1831-1838.
8vo.
Vols.
to xi, 1876 to 1894.
(Vol.
i,
4to series,
dialect
p.
148, contains
an example of West Tyne

in a note
by THOMAS BEWICK, the wood engraver,

;
to Mr. Atkinson's paper
vol. ix,
new
'
series,
Catalogue
of Place-names in Teesdale,'
by D. EMBLETON, M.D.)
TRANSACTIONS.
WHITE
37
TRANSACTIONS OF THE TYNESIDE NATURALISTS' FIELD CLUB. 6 vols., 8vo, 1846 to 1864.
Vol.
(
'
i, 1846-50, p. 338, and vol. ii, 1854, p. 98, contain Observations on Composite Names of places, chiefly
in
Northumberland, of Anglo-Saxon Derivation/ &c., RA. CABK. Vol. v, 1860-62, p. 88, contains Local by Superstitions at Stamfordham,' by the Rev. J. F. BIGQE.
' '
Vol.
vi,
1864, p.
200,
Coal Miners of
Durham and
Northumberland,' by ROBT. WILSON, M.D.)
WADDELL, JAMES.
Morpeth
words.)
:
The
Poetical
Works
of
James
Waddell, of Plessey, late of Morpeth.

S.
Wilkinson,
1809.
I2mo, 104 pp. (Contains a few local
WARD,
R. North of England Almanac, containing songs in the Local Dialect, &c. Newcastle: R. Ward, 1847 1896.
WEAMS, JAMES.
by
himself.
i,
Tyneside Song Book. Written and sung In parts, 8vo. Newcastle: Barnes, 1887.
(Part
8 pp., contains five songs in dialect.)
WELFORD, RICHARD.
head.
xii,
History of Newcastle
and
vol.
Gatesi,
By RICHARD WELFORD. Royal 8vo, 455, fourteenth and fifteenth centuries.
pp.
:
London
century.
Vol. ii, pp. viii, Walter Scott, 1884. London: Walter Scott, 1885, Vol. iii, pp. London viii, 464, sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Walter Scott, 1887. (Mr. Welford has given many extracts from Wills, Inventories, and other documents
:
547, sixteenth
containing local terms.)
WHITE, JOHN.
Local Songs, Poems, &c.
By JOHN
Newcastle:
WHITE, of Spital Tongues. Robert Watson, 1884.
lamo, 19 pp.
38
WHITE
WILSON
:
WHITE, ROBERT.
furd, 1867. (Mr.
Poems. 8vo, 332 pp. Kelso RutherWhite contributed to Richardson's Table

*
Book,' q.v.)
WHITE, WALTER. Northumberland and the Border. By WALTER WHITE. Post 8vo, 427 pp. London: Chapman & Hall, 1859.
WHITTELL, THOMAS.
of Thomas
Part
of the Poetical
Works
Whittell, the celebrated Northumbrian Bard
of Cambo and Wallington. own manuscript. 1 2mo, 24
Printed from the Author's

pp.
Newcastle-upon-Tyne
n. d.
G. Angus, 18^5.
Chapbook. The Midford Galloway's Ramble. 8 pp.

The Genuine Thomas Whittell.
Chap-
book.
Chapbook.
The Midford Galloway s Ramble, and other Poems.

i2mo. Morpeth
:
P. Blair, n. d.
Chapbook.
The Poetical Works of the late Celebrated and Ingenious Thomas Whittell. Consisting of poems on various
occasions,
satires,
songs,
&c.,
transcribed
from
an
original
MS.
in the Author's
own writing.
vi, 186.
By WILLIAM
Newcastle
:
ROBSON,
late of
Cambo.
I2mo, pp.
Ed. Walker, 1815.
WILKINSON,
R. J.

32
pp.
By
R. J.
WILKINSON. i2mo, H. Nixon, 1886.
Newcastle-upon-Tyne:
WILSON, E. J. Eglingham and its ham and its Wild Cattle, &c. By
pp.
vii, 69.
Vicinity ; ChillingE. J. WILSON. 8vo,
Alnwick
Gazette Office, 1886.
WILSON, JOE. Funny Stories.
Budjit of Tyneside Drolleries, Sangs, an' Newcastle: Allan, 1872. 8vo, 8 pp.
Joe Wilson's Temperance Songs, Readings,
and Recita-
WILBON
tions.
39
i8mo.
songs.
In the Tyneside dialect, comic and sentimental. Part i and Nos. i, 2, 3. Containing about sixty Newcastle T. Allan, n. d.
:
WILSON, JOE.
n.d. [1874].
Joe Wilson's Tyneside Songs, Ballads, and Drolleries. Penny numbers. 292 pp. Newcastle: T.Allan,
Tyneside Songs, Ballads, and Drolleries. pp. viii, 202. Newcastle Allan, n. d. [1874].
:
i2mo, Second
edition.
(First edition, issued in four parts.)
Tyneside Songs and Drolleries, Readings, and Temperance Songs. By JOE WILSON. Collected edition. Edited
by THOMAS ALLAN. 8vo, pp. xliii, Tyne: T.& G. Allan, n.d. [1890].
472.
Newcastle-upon-
WILSON, THOMAS.
of
Stanzas on the Intended
New
Line
Eoad from Potticar Lane to Leyburn Hole. an account of the memorable events which have occurred on Gateshead Fell and additional notes by the Author.
With
;
and Roy. 8vo. Newcastle: i6mo, pp. Printed for and published by John Sykes, Bookseller, Johnson's Head, 1825.
16
;
also in 8vo,
The Oiling of Dicky s Wig. By THOS. WILSON. from The Tyne Mercury, July 18, 1826. I2ino, Reprinted 8 pp. Newcastle W. A. Mitchell, 1826.
:
The Pitman Pay ; or, a Night's Discharge to Care. By THOMAS WILSON. In three parts part i, reprinted from The Newcastle Magazine, 1826; pp. iv, 16 part 1828 12 pp. part iii, from ii, from The Tyne Mercury,
s
:
:
The Newcastle Magazine, 1829; 16 pp. i2mo. Gateshead: G. Watson, 1830. The Pitman s Pay, and other Poems. By THOMAS
WILSON.
(With
Glossary,
pp.
17-34.)
PP-
xxxvi,
40
1 68.
WILSON
Gateshead
:
WOODMAN
Newcastle
1843.
:
W. Douglas.
Charnley.
London: Simpkin, Marshall
& Co.,
WILSON, THOMAS. The Pitman's Pay, and other Poems By THOMAS WILSON. With a Memoir of the Author, and
Glossary.
1872.
Sm.
8vo, pp. xxxiv, 156.
London: Routledge,
The Pitman s Pay, and other Poems.
By
the late
THOMAS WILSON, Esq., of the Low Fell, Gateshead. With a brief Memoir of the Author. I2mo, 72 pp. Newcastle: Thomas Fordyce, 1872.
WOODMAN, WILLIAM.
mous
tains archaic terms.)
Ulgham,
its story.
An
anony(Con-
tract, privately printed.
Newcastle, 1861.
OXFORD: HORACE HART, PRINTER TO THE UNIVERSITY
PE 1997 Y.2
Heslop, Richard Oliver Northumberland words
PLEASE
DO NOT REMOVE
FROM
THIS
CARDS OR
SLIPS
POCKET
UNIVERSITY
OF TORONTO
LIBRARY

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Ir-

THE COUNTY OF NORTHUMBERLAND

PUBLISHED FOR THE ENGLISH DIALECT SOCIETY

no sign follows a word the form may be understood as common

he gave us (gave me).

See GAV, Gov.

Nowther gut nor

a gauger, an exciseman. "

yor goody colours, mistor

plain reed an' yalla."

going (pres. part, of gan). Gannin is another form.

man who had charge

a minced oath of complicated

to go. " gaed.

doon the toon

We gaed away at a bonny pace."

an' seek the milk."

the upper shore rope of a salmon net.

The weather's ower

a variant of gay, which see. that is, pretty well.

to stand against, to withstand.

guard. " The gaird comes

fleein like the

thunner blawin." T. Wilson,

shoes or boots with leather on the upper

ache with cold.

" bad or " bletherin speaker

often told that no sense can be

Compare DOUBLE DUTCH.

Gloss, of Coal Trade Terms, 1888.

Gallow-hill, in Bolam Gallows-law, in Elsdon and

a pair of braces for the trousers.

supported by two upright pieces "

a cross-piece, or crown-tree of timber this arrangement is also a pair of gears."

("gamblery" or "gambolry"), gambolment, Compare GAMEL.

The term was formerly

the northernmost portion of the See KEMMELS-PATH.

" He's getten a gammy

Past, gaid or gaed

gan and gannin are used. " Gan that as it likes

sometimes spoken broadly

the farm call to the geese.

a tooth as one of a row, or set of teeth.

this sense a general

are lustrated by the

The Time when

Brockett has ganger, and quotes the " He's

or GANGER, a beggar or poor pedlar and half a beggar. (Obsolescent.)

See note, Dr. James

midden heap with an

to compel, to force, to cause. " Gar's an ill weed to grou."

local proverb says,

a'ways gars it gan." T. Wilson, Pitman's Pay, 1826,

bill-knife for cutting

the ribbon grass, Phalavis arun-

a grazing, a pasture Also probably gursage.

an ing or enclosure See GYSSURGE.

The or any guarded or fenced place. is the Castle-^/, a? Newcastle

Get-p.t., gat ; p.p., getten

a female, pig that

See AAL-GATES, GUT, YETT.

the gate as well as they." Ballad, Hobbie Noble.