1.

INTRODUCTION

A Blackberry is a personal communications device developed, distributed, and serviced by Research in Motion(RIM), a Canadian company headquartered in Waterloo, OntarioA .Blackberry can provide email, text messaging, web browsing, and telephone service. It is an example of a convergent device A BlackBerry is an end-to-end wireless email solution that allows access to your Outlook Inbox, Calendar, Contacts, and Tasks with full wireless synchronization. The BlackBerry Server constantly communicates with the campus Exchange server (that talks to Outlook, among other email clients).As soon as something comes into your Outlook for Exchange email, the BlackBerry server gets a copy and sends it to your device through the Internet. Your device receives that information through the Internet using your carrier's preferred network. The process works in reverse when you make changes on your BlackBerry device that need to be copied into your Outlook account, e.g., if you send a message that needs to be copied to your Sent items, or if you add a contact to your Contacts list. The Blackberry can be set up and operated wirelessly without ever being connected physically to a computer. RIM currently offers BlackBerry e-mail service to non-BlackBerry devices, such as the Palm Treo, through the BlackBerry Connect software. The original BlackBerry device had a monochrome display, but all current models have color displays . Research in Motion provides the native email system for the Blackberry. However, RIM has cooperated with Microsoft, IBM, and Novell to provide full two-way email integration with Outlook, Notes, and GroupWise, respectively. Standard features on a Blackberry include calendar, tasks, notes, alarm clock, calculator, and some games. Third party applications can be downloaded to extend its capability. Some models available from Nextel, Sprint,

and maybe other carriers, provide GPS and cellular walkie-talkie service as well. Most Blackberry are Bluetooth capable, allowing for the use of wireless Bluetooth headsets to handle telephone calls. Because the Blackberry relies on the cellular telephone network, it is only available through cell phone carriers .And, like cell phones, each carrier has its own unique models. The typical cost of a Blackberry is $250-$300,

2. COMPONENTS
2.1 Operating system: RIM provides a proprietary multi-tasking operating system (OS) for the BlackBerry. The operating system is designed for use of input devices such as the track wheel, track ball, and track pad. The OS provides support for MIDP 1.0 and WAP 1.2. Previous versions allowed wireless synchronization with Microsoft Exchange Server's e-mail and calendar, as well as with Lotus Domino's e-mail. The Blackberry Torch 9800 and Bold 9780 feature Blackberry OS 6, the Torch 9860 uses OS 7 (the latest as of October 2011).

Third-party developers can write software using these APIs, and proprietary BlackBerry APIs as well, but any application that makes use of certain restricted functionality must be digitally signed so that it can be associated to a developer account at RIM. This signing procedure guarantees the authorship of an application, but does not guarantee the quality or security of the code. RIM provides tools for developing applications and themes for BlackBerry. Applications and themes can be loaded onto BlackBerry devices through BlackBerry App World, Over The Air (OTA) through the BlackBerry mobile browser, or through BlackBerry Desktop Manager.

2.2 CPU: Early BlackBerry devices used Intel-80386-based processors. Later BlackBerry 8000 series smart phones, such as the 8700 and the Pearl, are based on the 312MHz ARM X Scale ARMv5TE PXA900. An exception to this is the BlackBerry 8707 which is based on the 80MHz Qualcomm 3250 chipset, this was due to the ARM X Scale ARMv5TE PXA900 chipset not supporting 3G

networks. The 80MHz Processor in the BlackBerry 8707 actually meant the device was often slower to download and render web pages over 3G than the 8700 was over EDGE networks. In May 2008 RIM introduced the BlackBerry 9000 series which are equipped with XScale 624 MHz processors. The BlackBerry Curve 8520 features a 512 MHz processor, while the Bold 9700 features a newer version of the Bold 9000's processor, but is clocked at the same speed. High-End OS7 devices introduced in August 2011 feature a Qualcomm Snapdragon MSM8260 CPU clocked at 1.2 Ghz, entry level models a Marvell PXA940 clocked at 800 Mhz.

2.3 Database: Data extracted from a BlackBerry to a host computer is stored in a single file in IPD format as in figure 2.3.1

Figure 2.3.1 I.P.D format

2.4 Supporting software: BlackBerry handhelds are integrated into an organization's e-mail system through a software package called " BlackBerry Enterprise Server " (BES). Versions of BES are available for Microsoft Exchange, Lotus Domino and Novell GroupWise. While individual users may be able to use a wireless provider's e-mail services without having to install BES themselves, organizations with multiple users usually run BES on their own network. Some third-party companies provide hosted BES solutions. Every BlackBerry has a unique id called BlackBerry PIN which is used to identify the device to the BES. BES can act as a sort of e-mail relay for corporate accounts so that users always have access to their e-mail. The software monitors the user's local "inbox", and when a new message comes in, it picks up the message and passes it to RIM's Network Operations Center (NOC). The messages are then relayed to the user's wireless provider, which in turn delivers them to the user's BlackBerry device. This is called "push e-mail," because all new e-mails, contacts and calendar entries are "pushed" out to the BlackBerry device automatically, as opposed to the user synchronizing the data by hand. Device storage also enables the mobile user to access all data offline in areas without wireless service. As soon as the user connects again, the BES sends the latest data. An included feature in the newer models of the BlackBerry is the ability for it to track your current location through Trilateration. One can view the online maps on the phone and see current location denoted by a flashing dot. However, accuracy of BlackBerry trilateration is less than that of GPS due to a number of factors, including cell tower blockage by large buildings, mountains, or distance. BES also provides handhelds with TCP/IP connectivity accessed through a component called "Mobile Data Service" (MDS). This allows for custom application development using data streams on BlackBerry devices based on the Sun Microsystems Java ME platform.

In addition, BES provides security, in the form of Triple DES or, more recently, AES encryption of all data (both e-mail and MDS traffic) that travels between the BlackBerry handheld and a BlackBerry Enterprise Server . Most providers offer flat monthly pricing for unlimited data between BlackBerry units and BES. In addition to receiving e-mail, organizations can make intranets or custom internal applications with unmetered traffic. With more recent versions of the BlackBerry platform, the MDS is no longer a requirement for wireless data access. Beginning with OS 3.8 or 4.0, BlackBerry handhelds can access the Internet (i.e. TCP/IP access) without an MDS - previously only e-mail and WAP access was possible without a BES/MDS. The BES/MDS is still required for secure e-mail, data access, and applications that require WAP from carriers that do not allow WAP access. Newer BlackBerry devices use the proprietary Blackberry Messenger software for sending and receiving text messages via Blackberry PIN.

Third-party software available for use on BlackBerry devices includes fullfeatured database management systems which can be used to support customer relationship management clients and other applications that must manage large volumes of potentially complex data.

2.5 BlackBerry PIN: BlackBerry PIN is an eight character hexadecimal unique identification number assigned to each BlackBerry device. PINs cannot be exchanged and are locked to each handset device. BlackBerrys can message each other using the PIN number directly or by using the Blackberry Messenger application.

2.6 Hardwares:

Models: Early Pager Models: 850, 857, 950, 957 Monochrome Java-based Models: 5000-series and 6000-series First Color Models: 7200-series, 7500-series and 7700-series First SureType Phone Models: 7100-series Modern BlackBerry Models: 8000-series including BlackBerry 8800. BlackBerry Pearl and BlackBerry Curve Future BlackBerry Model: Bold or 9000-series, announced on May 12, 2008 that will be carried by AT&T. Later it was announced for T-

Mobile as well. Blackberry KickStart, Javelin, Thunder (9500)

Phones with BlackBerry e-mail client Several ordinary mobile phones have been released featuring the BlackBerry e-mail client which connects to BlackBerry servers. Many of these phones have full QWERTY keyboards (except the Motorola MPx220, Nokia E50, Nokia E51, Nokia E60, and Samsung t719). HTC Advantage X7500 HTC TyTN Operates on 3G/HSDPA/850/900/1800/1900 MHz GSM network, 240 320 pixel touch screen, QWERTY keyboard Motorola MPx220 (selected models only), Operates on 850/900/1800/1900 MHz GSM network, 176 220 pixel screen Nokia 6810 Operates on 900/1800/1900 MHz GSM network, 128 128 pixel screen Nokia 6820 Operates on 900/1800/1900 MHz GSM network, American variant on 850/1800/1900 GSM network, 128 128 pixel screen Nokia 9300 Operates on 900/1800/1900 MHz GSM network, 128 128 and 640 200 pixel screen Nokia 9300i Operates on 900/1800/1900 MHz GSM network, 128 128 and 640 200 pixel screen

 Nokia 9500 Operates on 900/1800/1900 MHz GSM network, 128 128 and 640 200 pixel screen Nokia E50 Operates on 850/900/1800/1900 MHz GSM network, 320 240 pixel screen Nokia E51 Operates on 3G-UMTS/HSDPA 850/900/1800/1900 MHz GSM network, 240 320 pixel screen Nokia E60 Operates on 850/900/1800/1900 MHz GSM network, 416 352 pixel screen Nokia E61 Operates on 3G-UMTS/850/900/1800/1900 MHz GSM network, 320 240 pixel screen Nokia E61i Operates on 3G-UMTS/850/900/1800/1900 MHz GSM network, 320 240 pixel screen Nokia E62 Operates on 850/900/1800/1900 MHz GSM network, 320 240 pixel screen Nokia E70 Operates on 850/900/1800/1900 MHz GSM network, 416 352 pixel screen Nokia E90 Qtek 9100 Operates on 850/900/1800/1900 MHz GSM network, 240 320 pixel touch screen and QWERTY keyboard Qtek 9000 Operates on 3G-UMTS/850/900/1800/1900 MHz GSM network, 640 480 pixel touch screen, QWERTY keyboard Samsung t719 Operates on 850/900/1800/1900 MHz GSM network, 176 220 pixel screen Siemens SK65, Operates on 900/1800/1900 MHz GSM network, 132 176 pixel screen Sony Ericsson P910 Operates on 900/1800/1900 MHz GSM network, American and Chinese variants on 850/1800/1900, 208 320 pixel screen Sony Ericsson P990

 Sony Ericsson M600i Sony Ericsson P1

3. HOW IT WORKS?
As we all know, there is always software behind the hardware. This holds true for the blackberry as well. Blackberry Server Software comes in two forms 1. BlackBerry Professional Software (BPS) 2. BlackBerry Enterprise Server (BES) The way that the BlackBerry server works applies to both the BlackBerry Professional Software (BPS) and the BlackBerry Enterprise Server (BES) The basic steps in receiving an email on a blackberry device are as follows:

Figure 3.1 Path of signal 1. The email message is sent. 2. Message arrives at your email server (usually the exchange server) and is sent as normal to your PC/ Laptop (as in fig 3.1).

3. The BlackBerry server (the mail is delivered using a push concept to the Blackberry Enterprise Server) compresses, encrypts and forwards the message automatically to your BlackBerry handset. 4. Message arrives at the BlackBerry via the Internet and the mobile carriers network. 5. The Blackberry handheld device receives decrypts and decompresses the email, and alerts the user.

3.1 Blackberry Professional Software: When you buy a BlackBerry handheld you can download for free a fully-functional version of BlackBerry Professional Software (BPS) for your existing email server. BlackBerry Professional Software Express (BPS Express) is a FREE download of BlackBerry Professional Software that can support up to 30 BlackBerry users connecting to their email server. The free download includes: A copy of BlackBerry Professional Software, with the capacity to support up to 30 users. One user license Client Access License (CAL) The latest version of BlackBerry Enterprise Server Solution software, version 4.1 BPS Express is the ideal solution for smaller organisations with their own email server or for larger organisations that arent sure how many BlackBerry users they will grow to. To expand the number of users you simply purchase additional user licenses as your needs grow. And if you reach the point where you need more than 30 users, you can upgrade to the BlackBerry Enterprise Server (BES).

3.2 Blackberry Enterprise Server: BlackBerry Enterprise Server is the fully-featured BlackBerry mobile email service as in fig 3.2.1. Its designed for medium to large organizations with their own Lotus Domino or Microsoft Exchange servers for email and mobile data applications, that are going to start with at least 20 users and grow from there. BlackBerry Enterprise Server lets the user access his/her email, electronic calendar, tasks list and contacts list as well as any internal applications or software on their BlackBerry handheld. The BlackBerry Enterprise Server supports triple DES security (considered unbreakable) so confidential data is transmitted securely.

Figure 3.2.1 BlackBerry enterprise server

4. BLACKBERRY ENTERPRISE SOLUTION OVERVIEW

Wireless access to email, phone and other corporate information is not a luxury for your mobile workers it's a must-have. With the BlackBerry Enterprise Solution mobilizing your workplace, your corridor warriors can make timely decisions based on the best information available, increasing their productivity and boosting your business performance. The complete wireless solution for the enterprise. The BlackBerry Enterprise Solution allows mobile users to access communications and information wirelessly, including: Email Corporate data Instant messaging Phone Internet and intranet access MMS and SMS Organizer

4.1 Why choose the BlackBerry Enterprise Solution? The BlackBerry Enterprise Solution is the leading wireless solution for connecting mobile users to the customers, colleagues and information that drive business. Find out why you should choose it to mobilize your email, enterprise applications and back-end systems:

4.2 BlackBerry Enterprise Solution Architecture The BlackBerry Enterprise Solution is a flexible, IT-friendly solution that gives mobile users secure wireless access to their enterprise email and business-critical applications.

Figure 4.2.1 BES architecture The key elements of the BlackBerry Enterprise Solution architecture as shown in include:

4.2.1. BlackBerry Enterprise Server Robust software that acts as the centralized link between wireless devices, wireless networks and enterprise applications. The server integrates with enterprise messaging and collaboration systems to provide mobile users with access to email, enterprise instant messaging and personal information management tools. All data between applications and BlackBerry smartphones flows centrally through the server.

4.2.2. BlackBerry device software An optimized framework for creating, deploying and managing applications for the BlackBerry Enterprise Solution. It provides essential

components that enable applications beyond email to be deployed to mobile users, including developer tools, administrative services and BlackBerry Device Software. It also uses the same proven BlackBerry push delivery model and advanced security features used for BlackBerry email.

4.2.3 BlackBerry Mobile Data System Integrated wireless voice and data devices that are optimized to work with the BlackBerry Enterprise Solution. They provide push-based access to email and data from enterprise applications and systems in addition to web, MMS, SMS and organizer applications. 4.2.4. BlackBerry Connect Devices Devices available from leading manufacturers that feature BlackBerry push delivery technology and connect to the BlackBerry Enterprise Server

4.2.5. BlackBerry Alliance Program A large community of independent software vendors, system integrators and solution providers that offer applications, services and solutions for the BlackBerry Enterprise Solution. It is designed to help organizations make the most of the BlackBerry Enterprise Solution when mobilizing their enterprises.

4.2.6. BlackBerry Solution Services A group of services that include: BlackBerry Technical Support Services, BlackBerry Training, RIM Professional Services and the Corporate Development Program. These tools and programs are designed to help organizations deploy, manage and extend their wireless solution

5. BLACKBERRY CONNECT
BlackBerry Connect technology keeps mobile professionals connected to colleagues, clients and information using proven BlackBerry push technology* on their choice of devices. With BlackBerry Connect technology, users can connect to BlackBerry Internet Service and BlackBerry Enterprise Server on their preferred device and organizations can standardize on the award-winning BlackBerry platform. With BlackBerry Connect, you can access your email accounts with your Nokia device. As emails arrive at the email server, they are automatically forwarded to your Nokia device, where you can forward and reply to them. You can also compose and send new emails. Meetings on the Nokia device's calendar are also synchronized with the meetings in your account on the server. You can have these BlackBerry services active on your Nokia device at the same time: BlackBerry Enterprise Server Receive email from your companys corporate network if your company has a BlackBerry Enterprise Server installed. You can also look up email addresses from your company's electronic directory. BlackBerry Internet service allows your mobile phone to receive email from an Internet service provider (ISP) or other email accounts (POP3,IMAP4).

BlackBerry Connect for Enterprises Devices with BlackBerry Connect software or BlackBerry enabled devices extend your current BlackBerry wireless business strategy and boost the productivity and performance of your team. BlackBerry enabled devices also satisfy your IT departments requirements for security and manageability, working seamlessly with BlackBerry Enterprise Server to leverage the benefits of your BlackBerry environment.

For users, BlackBerry Connect technology can: Let you choose from a broader selection of devices Help you make the most of your time with award-winning BlackBerry push technology

For IT departments, BlackBerry Connect technology can: Satisfy your strict requirements for security and manageability by allowing you to connect more devices to the BlackBerry platform Devices with BlackBerry Connect software are available from the following manufacturers: HTC Motorola Nokia Palm BlackBerry Connect software is available for the following operating systems: Palm OS Symbian OS Windows OS

6. PUSH TECHNOLOGY
Push technology, or server push, describes a style of Internetbased communication where the request for a given transaction originates with the publisher or central server. It is contrasted with pull technology, where the request for the transmission of information originates with the receiver or client. Push services are often based on information preferences expressed in advance. This is called a publish/subscribe model. A client might "subscribe" to various information "channels". Whenever new content is available on one of those channels, the server would push that information out to the user. Synchronous conferencing and instant messaging are typical examples of push services. Chat messages and files are pushed to the user as soon as they are received by the messaging service. Both decentralized peer-to-peer programs (such as WASTE) and centralised programs (such as IRC or Jabber) allow pushing files, this means the sender initiates the data transfer rather than the recipient. Email is also a push system: the SMTP protocol on which it is based is a push protocol (see Push e-mail). However, the last stepfrom mail server to desktop computertypically uses a pull protocol like POP3 or IMAP. Modern e-mail clients make this step seem instantaneous by repeatedly polling the mail server, frequently checking it for new mail. The IMAP protocol includes the IDLE command, which allows the server to tell the client when new messages arrive. The original BlackBerry was the first popular example of push technology in a wireless context. Different push technologies are HTTP server push HTTP streaming Java pushlet Long polling

7. SOLUTIONS FOR BLACKBERRY DEVICES

Research In Motion (RIM) has created several of the core solutions for the BlackBerry device, and third-party developers have created, or are creating, many others. Overtime, most desktop functionality will be experienced on the BlackBerry device, with the added bonus of wireless connectivity for features such as email, browser, calendar and phone access, active throughout the world without reliance on power cords or wired network hookups. Three Ways: There are three ways to create solutions for BlackBerry devices: 1. Create a web site to be accessed using the BlackBerry Browser 2. Develop a server-based application that pushes content such as a web page and images, or data in general, to the BlackBerry device. 3. Write a software application that operates on the Black-Berry device and, possibly, also on a remote server

Accessing a web site using the BlackBerry Browser This is by far the easiest and fastest solution to put together.There is several advantages to using the web to extend your existing applications: The time to market is faster than developing an application from the ground up. It is easy to promote software changes Many organizations have web developing skills in house that are available to do this type of work Communicating with remote databases is fairly straightforward Although developing web based applications for Blackberry devices can be relatively easy, there are two main drawbacks.

The first is connectivity where users will not be able to access your web site when they are out of a wireless coverage area. This can occur when users are situated in network dead-zones. The second drawback is the speed of the wireless network .The networks used by wireless devices, such as the Black-Berry device, are slow compared to traditional wired networks .In order to mitigate this issue, RIM compresses data before transporting across the wireless network. Even then, access speed will be compromised if web pages are large, if they rely heavily on graphic images, if network traffic is heavy, or if network coverage is spotty or weak.

Gateway It is only possible for a BlackBerry device to access the Internet by making use of a gateway. A gateway works by converting incoming content into a form suitable for the BlackBerry device, and converting outgoing content into a form suitable for the destination web server and site. There are three gateways available for BlackBerry devices: 1. Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) 2. BlackBerry Mobile Data Service used in conjunction with the BlackBerry Enterprise Server software 3. BlackBerry Internet Service

8. ADVANTAGES OF BLACKBERRY
Email: Black Berry is a wireless extension of your email mailbox and you can perform your normal email activities like sending or receiving mails, viewing attachment etc without any hassles like dialing or connecting. The Black Berry device remains continuously connected to the wireless network enabling you to access your mail. Further more you need not have to retrieve your mail. The mail will appear on your BlackBerry device. You have full control of your mail as in your regular email. Phone: The Black Berry device's phone constitutes all the special features of a mobile like call waiting, call answer, conference calling, call forwarding etc. Just like the mobile phones, different models of the Black Berry have different features like speakerphone, digital walkietalkie, blue tooth, SIP based IP telephony etc. The phones also feature hand free sets with headsets and provide comfort, clarity and convenience. Wireless Internet: The Blackberry wireless device enables you to browse the Internet wherever you are, even when you are on the move. Use the click and scroll track wheel to navigate the pages and type the urls with the QWERTY keyboard or you can also use the 'super type' keyboard featured on the BlackBerry business phone. Tethered Modem: Certain Black Berry devices are featured with more speedy wireless services like fast email and browsing experiences. The device can be used as a tethered modem that allows you not to carry the wireless PC card. The device can become a tethered modem to connect your desktop or the laptop to the Internet. This is particularly effective when you are traveling.

Organizer: BlackBerry organizers provide you the mobile functionality regarding your dayto day activities in your palmitself . SMS: BlackBerry also facilitates you to send and receive text messages like any other mobiles. Instant Messaging: The instant messaging feature in the BlackBerry device helps you to contact your instant messaging people when connected to the wireless network. Corporate Data Access: Through the wireless connectivity of the BlackBerry, business goals can be achieved with access to the corporate data even when you are on the move. Paging: Certain BlackBerry models also carry paging services to BlackBerry users who do not have an email id.

9. CONCLUSION
A BlackBerry is an end-to-end wireless email solution that allows access to your Outlook Inbox, Calendar, Contacts, and Tasks with full wireless synchronization. It is an example of convergent device. It uses push technology for internet services. The BlackBerry has been designed from the ground-up to be a secure platform. This strict adherence to security has made the platform very popular with governments and corporations worldwide.

10. REFERENCES

[1] http://www.blackberry.com/ap/software/ [2] BlackBerry - BlackBerry | Wireless Handheld Devices, Software & Services from Research In Motion (RIM) [3]Blackberry developer journals [4]http://google.com [5]http://wikipedia.com