Lecture 1-01: Chemistry Basics Matter: anything that occupies space and has mass, anything made up of atoms

s Is air a form of matter? How do you know? Physical Properties: characteristics observed without changing basic identity of substance. The key is that molecular structure of substance is not altered. E.g. colour, odour, melting point, density

APSC 131 Introduction Lecture 1-01 Basic Concepts

 Chemical Properties: any characteristic of a substance that involves ability (or inability) of substance to react to form other substances. The molecular structure of substance being studied (reactant) is altered if reaction occurs. e.g. flammability of carbon in oxygen gas e.g. non reactivity of Au in hydrochloric acid solution

APSC 131 Introduction Lecture 1-01 Basic Concepts

 Intensive Properties: characteristic not depending on amount of substance present. They depend on the internal makeup of the substance. E.g. density, boiling point of a pure substance Extensive Properties: characteristics depending on amount of substance present. E.g. mass, volume, heat content

APSC 131 Introduction Lecture 1-01 Basic Concepts

Homogeneous: a substance composed of one phase and uniform in composition and properties throughout

APSC 131 Introduction Lecture 1-01 Basic Concepts

Heterogeneous: a substance containing two or more distinct phases. Composition and physical properties vary from one part of mixture to another.

APSC 131 Introduction Lecture 1-01 Basic Concepts

Physical Changes: process whereby a substance changes in physical appearance without changing basic identity (molecular structure is preserved). E.g. all changes of state

liquid

gas

APSC 131 Introduction Lecture 1-01 Basic Concepts

 Chemical Changes: or chemical reactions involve transformation of substances into chemically different substances by rearrangement of atoms. Chemical change occurs when there is change in composition.

reactants

products

APSC 131 Introduction Lecture 1-01 Basic Concepts

Classification of Matter: o matter is made up of elements found on periodic table o molecules of matter, like Lego bricks, can be pulled apart into atoms and rearranged into completely different molecules. Some commonly used terms are: Atom: smallest particles or building blocks of matter Molecule: particle formed by the chemical combination of two or more atoms

APSC 131 Introduction Lecture 1-01 Basic Concepts

 Mixture: made up of two or more substances each with its own chemical identity. Homogeneous mixtures are solutions.

Pure substance: made up of one type of molecule and always homogeneous. May be an element or a compound.

or

APSC 131 Introduction Lecture 1-01 Basic Concepts

 Element: a pure substance made of one type of atom. Cannot be separated into simpler substances.

or

Compound: a pure substance made up of two or more elements hooked together so that all molecules are identical

APSC 131 Introduction Lecture 1-01 Basic Concepts

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Matter

Heterogeneous Mixture Several Phases

Physical Separation

Homogeneous Matter One Phase

Homogeneous Mixtures or Solutions

Physical Separation

Pure Substances or

Compounds
Chemical Separation

Elements

APSC 131 Introduction Lecture 1-01 Basic Concepts

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Suggested homework Read Petrucci pages 1- 8 Carefully read through lecture 1-02 on naming chemical compounds and try to answer any of the questions asked. Problems Chapter 1: 1, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13 and 15

APSC 131 Introduction Lecture 1-01 Basic Concepts

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