PROJECT: 400/220kV S/S AT TIRUNELVELI Doc No.:CG/196/007.

R2

CROMPTON GREAVES LIMITED

EARTHMAT DESIGN

Description 1.0 SYSTEM DATA

Rms value of symmetrical fault current Fault clearing time for conductor selection

Symbol

Unit

Value

I tr

kA

= 40 = 1

sec

1.1 SOIL DATA

Soil Resistivity (Average) (Refer Annexure 2 for Soil resistivity data) Surface resistivity Thickness of Surface layer

-m

= 75.6109

s hs

-m m

= 3000 = 0.1

1.2 GRID CONDUCTOR DATA

The Conductor Selected is 40 mm dia Mild steel Rod Max allowable temperature of the conductor Ambient temperature Reference temperature for material constant Coefficient of resistivity at 0o C (Mild Steel) Coefficient of resistivity at Tro C (Mild Steel) Resistivity of ground conductor Thermal capacity factor Diameter of grid conductor in m Spacing of grid conductor Chosen Depth of burial of Grid conductor Duration of shock

m a r 0 (1/0) r r TCAP d D h ts

c c c

= 620 = 50 = 20 = 0.00423 = 0.0039

-cm J/cm 3/C m m m Sec

= 15 = 3.749 = 0.04 = 18 = 0.6 = 1.0

1.3 SWITCHYARD DATA

(Refer Annexure-1 for Earthgrid layout ) Length of Rectangle - A Length of Rectangle - B Length of Rectangle - C Length of Rectangle - D
m m m m = 298 = 324 = 415 = 109

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PROJECT: 400/220kV S/S AT TIRUNELVELI Doc No.:CG/196/007.R2

CROMPTON GREAVES LIMITED

Width of Rectangle - A Width of Rectangle - B Width of Rectangle - C Width of Rectangle - D Area of substation Grid conductor periphery length Maximum distance along grid length Maximum distance along grid width

m m m m

= 50 = 90 = 208 = 47.5 = 135558 = 1621 = 415 = 348

A Lp Lx Ly

Sq.m m m m

1.4 EARTH ELECTRODE DATA

Diameter of Pipe/rod earth electrode in m Length of each rod conductor in m No.of Earth electrodes Total length of ground rods (Refer Annexure-3 for No. of Earth Electrodes) 2.0 METHODOLOGY:

De Lr N
LR

m m Nos m

= 0.04 = 3 = 265 = 795

2.1 The Earthing Design Calculation is done as per the recommendations given in IEEE Std. 80,2000 2.2 The Corrosion Allowance is considered for Mild Steel as per the recommendations given in IEEE. 2.3 The Following are considered for determination of grounding conductor length
Total length of Earthmat Length of Earth electrodes Length of Auxiliary Earth mat for isolators

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PROJECT: 400/220kV S/S AT TIRUNELVELI Doc No.:CG/196/007.R2

CROMPTON GREAVES LIMITED

3.0 3.1

CALCULATION: Selection of cross section of grid conductor (A) The Cross-section of Conductor is given by A =
I TCAP.10 4 K + T ln o m t . . K +T r r r o a

mm

40 A = 3.749 x 10 1 x 0.0039 x 15
-4

mm2 x ln 236.4 + 620 236.4 + 50

= 467 Sq.mm

Where K0 = 1 / 0

236.4 = =
467 4 3.14

For 467 Sq.mm, Size of Conductor Required

24.4 mm 61 mils 30.5 mils 91.5 mils 91.5 x 0.0254 2.32 mm 24.4 + 2.32 + 2.32 29.04 mm 40 mm dia MS Rod

Corrosion allowance: For First 12 years the corrosion For Next 12 years the corrosion Total corrosion Corrosion Allowance in mm = = = = = Diameter of MS Rod Required with corrosion allow = = Selected Conductor Size =

3.2

Determination of grounding conductor length: The Earth Mat spacing considered for safe Step & Touch Potentia= Area of Substation Grid conductor periphery length Maximum distance along grid length Maximum distance along grid width Length of each ground rod Total length of ground rods Spacing of grid conductor chosen Maximum distance between any two point on the grid A = Lp = Lx = Ly = Lr = LR = D = Dm = 18 m x 18 m 135558 Sq.m 1621 m 415 m 348.0 m 3m 795 m 18 m 574 m

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PROJECT: 400/220kV S/S AT TIRUNELVELI Doc No.:CG/196/007.R2

CROMPTON GREAVES LIMITED

Estimation of Grid Conductor Length Rectangle - A (298m x 50m) The number of conductors parallel to the breadth The number of conductors parallel to the length Length of Conductor for Rectangle -A Rectangle -B (324m x 90m) The number of conductors parallel to the breadth The number of conductors parallel to the length Length of Conductor for Rectangle - B Rectangle -C (415m x 208m) The number of conductors parallel to the breadth The number of conductors parallel to the length Length of Conductor for Rectangle - C Rectangle -D (109m x 47.5m) The number of conductors parallel to the breadth The number of conductors parallel to the length Length of Conductor for Rectangle - D The total length of the grid conductor along the Length & Width in the switchyard = = = = 7 4 769 m 16902 m = = = 24 13 10387 m = = = 19 6 3654 m = = = 18 4 2092 m

Length of Aux. earth mats for single earth switch Length of Aux. earth mats for double earth switch Length of Aux. earth mats without earth switch Total length of auxilary earthmat required Grid conductor Combined Length (Lc) used in the switchyard Effective length of the buried Conductor in m LC =

7848 m 864 m 270 m 8982 m 16902+8982

= 25884 m LT = LC + LR = = 25884 + 795 26679 m

Determination of Maximum Grid Current: Ig = DfxSfxIf 1

where Df = Decrement factor = 1 Sf = Current division factor If = Symmetrical ground fault current Sf
Zeq = Zeq + Rg where

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PROJECT: 400/220kV S/S AT TIRUNELVELI Doc No.:CG/196/007.R2

CROMPTON GREAVES LIMITED

Zeq - Equivalent impedence of transmission line overhead shieldwires No of 400kV Transmission line shield wires = 12 (As per Layout) No of 220kV Transmission line shield wires = 7 Zeq - 0.098+j0.047 (Refer page no. 151, Table C-1 of IEEE-80-2000) Rg - Station ground impedence = 0.098+j0.047 0.098+j0.047+0.1 0.108 0.108+0.1

Sf = 0.52 Ig = 1x0.52x40 = 20.8 = 20.8kA 3.3 Calculation of Tolerable Touch voltage(E t) & Step voltage(E s) without gravel The Surface Layer Derating factor Cs is given by Cs = 1 (Refer cl.8.3 of IEEE 80-2000) Tolerable Touch Voltage Et is given by Et50 = =

(1000 + 1.5C S S ) 0.116

tS

(1000 + 1.5 1 75.6) 0.116

1

Et50 = 129 V Tolerable Step Voltage E s is given by Es50 =

(1000 + 6C S S ) 0.116
tS

= (1000 + 6 1 75.6) 0.116

1
Es50 = 169 V 3.4 Determination of Grid resistance (Rg)
1 = + LT 1 1 1 + 20 . A 20 1+ h A

Rg

Rg =

1 1 1 1 + 75.61 + 26679 20x133558 20 1 + 0.6 133558

Rg = 0.090 Ohms

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PROJECT: 400/220kV S/S AT TIRUNELVELI Doc No.:CG/196/007.R2

CROMPTON GREAVES LIMITED

3.5

Determination of Ground Potential Rise (GPR) GPR= Ig x Rg = 20800 x 0.09 = 1872 V

3.6

Calculation of Attainable Mesh voltage(E t) & Step voltage(E s)

3.6.1 Determination of the effective No.of Parallel Conductor (n) n = na x nb x nc x nd

L 2 C L P

Where na =

= 2 x (25884/ 1621) = 31.94 nb =

LP 4 A

1621 4 x 135558

= 1.05
L L Y = X A 0.7A L L X Y

nc

= 415 x 348 135558 = 1.04 nd = Dm Lx2+Ly2

( 0.7 x 135558)/(415x348)

= 574 4152+3482 nd

= 1.05

n = 37.00

3.6.2 Determination of Ki: Ki = 0.644 + (0.148 n ) = 0.644 + (0.148 x 37) = 6.12

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PROJECT: 400/220kV S/S AT TIRUNELVELI Doc No.:CG/196/007.R2

CROMPTON GREAVES LIMITED

3.6.3 Determination of Km: Km =

1 2

D 2 (D + 2h)2 h K ii 8 ln 16hd + 8Dd 4d + K . ln (2n 1) h

Where Kii = 1 (For a grid with earth electrodes along the perimeter or for grids with electrodes in grid corners as well as both along the perimeter and througout the grid area) Kh =
h 1 + ho

(18+ 2x0.6)2 0.6 + 1 . ln 1 182 8 + ln 16x0.6x0.04 8x18x0.04 4x0.04 1.265 3.14((2x37) 1) 2x3.14

= 1.265 Where ho=1m (Grid reference depth)

Km =

(18+ 2x0.6)2 0.6 + 1 . ln 1 182 8 + ln 16x0.6x0.04 8x18x0.04 4x0.04 1.265 3.14((2x37) 1) 2x3.14

Km = 0.661 3.6.4 Determination of Ks: Ks = =

1 1 1 1 + + 1 0.5 n 2 2h D + h D

1 1 1 1 (37 2) + + 1 0.5 3.14 2X 0.6 18+ 0.6 18

Ks = 0.3 3.6.5 Determination of the effective buried Length of conductor (L m for Touch Voltage) For grids with Earth electrodes
1.55 + 1.22 L + C L R Lx2 + L y2 Lr

Lm =

3 1.55 +1.22 795 25884 + 2 + 348 2 415

Lm = 27122 m 3.6.6 Determination of the effective buried Length of conductor (L s for Step Voltage): Ls = 0.75Lc + 0.85LR for grids with or without ground rods

= (0.75 x 25884) + ( 0.85 x 795) Ls = 20089 m Attainable Mesh voltage E m is given by

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PROJECT: 400/220kV S/S AT TIRUNELVELI Doc No.:CG/196/007.R2

CROMPTON GREAVES LIMITED

Em =

K L m

= ( 75.61 x 0.661x 6.12x 20.8*1000) /27122 Em = 234 V Attainable Step voltage E s is given by Es =
K K l s i G L s

4.0 a) b)

= ( 75.61 x 0.3 x 6.12 x 20.8*1000)/20089 Es = 143 V CONCLUSION: Es vs Es50 The Calculated Step Voltage of 143 V is lower than the tolerable Step Voltage 169 V (Without gravel) Grid Resistance R g The Calculated Grid Resistance of 0.09 Ohms is less than 1 Ohm Hence the design is safe without gravel and gravel need not be provided in future areas.

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Determination of Corner Potential Rise Corner Mesh Potential, Vm = GPR*Value of corner mesh potential percentage 100

and GPR Hence GPR GRID AREA MESH AREA

= I*Rg = 20800*0.094 = = =
2 135558 m 2 18X18 m

1955 Volts

therefore no. of meshes on each side no of meshes on each side =

= 135558/(18x18) sqrt(418.38)

= =

418.3889 20.45

Refer graph (fig B1) eclosed the value of corner mesh potential is 12% for 18x18 m 2 and 20 nos of meshes on each side.

Corner mesh potential

1955*12 100 234.6 234.6V < 480V

= =

Hence safe

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