CULTURAL SENSITIZATION

General American Culture:

The culture of the United States of America is a Western culture, having been originally influenced by European cultures. It has been developing since long before the United States became a country with its own unique social and cultural characteristics such as dialect, music, arts, social habits, cuisine, and folklore. Today the United States of America is an ethnically and racially diverse country as result of large-scale immigration from many different countries throughout its history.

History:
The history of the United States has been an experiment in democracy for more than 200 years. Issues that were addressed in the early years continue to be addressed and resolved today: Big government versus small government, individual rights versus group rights, unfettered capitalism versus regulated commerce and labour, engagement with the world versus isolationism. The expectations for American democracy have always been high, and the reality has sometimes been disappointing. Yet the nation has grown and prospered, through a continual process of adaptation and compromise. The great social changes of the 1950s-1980s grew out of an open, fluid, and diverse society. Demands for change were sometimes peaceful, sometimes deadly. Compromises were necessary. Surely, if sometimes slowly, the United States changed to better reflect its multicultural foundation. Activities: GD on the social change in America. http://www.america.gov/publications/books/usa-history-in-brief.html

Lifestyle:
Both men and women usually smile and shake hands when greeting. Good friends and family members may embrace when they meet, especially after a long absence. In casual situations, a wave may be used instead of a handshake. Americans do not generally stand very close to each other when conversing, keeping about arm's length apart. However, they may spontaneously touch one another on the arm or shoulder during conversation. It is common for couples to hold hands or show affection in public. When sitting, both men and women are often casual when circumstances allow, and they may prop their feet up on chairs or place the ankle of one leg on the knee of the other. In more formal settings, however, it is often considered inappropriate to slouch or be too casual in demeanour. Visiting friends, family, and acquaintances plays a big part of social life in the United States, and people will travel long distances by car, bus, train, or aeroplane to do so. People are generally expected to be on time for appointments or when they are invited to someone's home. However, if a guest is late, Americans will rarely take offence if the visitor has called in advance to inform them of the delay. In general, the emphasis during visits is on informality. Guests are expected to feel comfortable, to sit where they like, and to enjoy themselves. It usually does not cause offence if a guest refuses refreshments. Gifts are not expected when visiting, but many guests bring flowers or wine when invited for a meal. Close friends may offer, or be asked, to bring an item of food to serve with the meal.

http://www.nriol.com/welcome2america/life-style-in-usa.asp

Work:
In the United States, the work environment is professional and causal as well. Don't be surprised if you see people bring their pets to work! The work culture and dress code in U.S. is different. People prefer to dress casually (unless the company policy states otherwise), work schedules are flexible and overall the work atmosphere is informal. There is no apparent hierarchy between managers and their subordinates. Employees are treated as equals and independent views are welcomed. American work culture involves a lot of meetings. These meetings need not deal with big decisions, but are more like discussions, and are centred on analyzing, planning and reviewing of a project. Opinions and ideas are shared and objections are made. Water, aerated drinks, tea, coffee and vending machines are available at all offices. Most Americans are very punctual. Most people arrive exactly on time or a few minutes early for an appointment. Although most high tech jobs don't require exact arrival and departure times, most people at most jobs arrive on time and work hard during their shifts. If there is an unexpected delay, it is customary to inform the other party by calling them about the delay and apologize immediately upon meeting. Cross-cultural Differences & Engineering Firms Cross-cultural issues also arise at the organizational level, because companies in different countries organize their daily business differently. Some of the most noticeable differences include the: Relative hierarchy of departments. The relative power of the various departments within a corporation is often a function of the country where the corporation has its headquarters. For example, the manufacturing departments of German-based companies have influence over their marketing and sales counterparts that many Canadian and American manufacturing departments can only dream of. German manufacturing departments are often able to limit the number of products offered to a few options, thereby optimizing production and improving the quality of the products offered. By contrast, Canadian and American manufacturing departments tend to follow the lead of marketing and sales departments, which tend to favor a larger number of product options since this increases the probability of attracting a broader group of customers. These differences in the way products are manufactured and marketed create the need for different approaches to selling products and services. The same type of argument cannot be used to win customers in North America and Germany whether through sales presentations or general marketing efforts. While North American customers look for flexibility and response speed in the products and services they purchase, German customers want durability, reliability, and quality. Way information is shared and distributed. The way information moves within a company varies significantly from country to country. For example, in Germany, the flow of information tends to be fairly compartmentalized. Information flows within departments along hierarchical lines, and does not flow easily within a given hierarchical level or from department to department. In addition, Germans tend to share information with only those people they believe need to know the information. In Canadian companies, information tends to move within departments and to cross departmental boundaries more freely. It also tends to flow along the lines of communication networks used by individual employees. As a result,

when working with German engineers as suppliers, partners or customers, Canadian engineers are likely to receive less information than they would generally expect. A Canadian engineer supplying products or services to a German company may not receive all of the information he or she believes is necessary to fulfil orders or complete projects on time, resulting in either missed deadlines or incomplete orders. Hiring process. Cross-cultural differences are fairly significant in this area. For example, people interviewed for positions in France will be asked personal questions that are considered illegal in Canada, such as their age, marital status and number of children, while German interviewers routinely ask candidates for the profession of their parents. More importantly, there are significant differences in the types of skills that companies in different countries look for in candidates. In France, for example, large corporations expect their engineers to work for them throughout much of their careers. They therefore tend to hire graduate engineers who appear to have long-term potential and create jobs for these engineers. As a result, large French companies tend to emphasize specific technical knowledge less and soft skills more than Canadian ones. HOW TO MANAGE CROSS CULTURAL ISSUES Here are a few tips that will help avoid miscommunication: Clarify: When in doubt, ask; if not, ask anyway. Its important to ensure that your foreign colleagues have understood everything you meant to say and nothing else. Ask them to feed you back what you have told them in their own words. This will help you discover and address any major misunderstandings. Get into the details: Although its often tempting to agree on general principles and leave details to further discussions for brevitys sake, this can create major problems at later stages. Indeed, an agreement on general principles may turn out to be empty, if it is not tested through negotiation on the finer details. Summarize: The time taken to summarize the decisions made during a meeting and to issue minutes to all participants is often a good investment. It helps to prevent future challenges of decisions reached at meetings and to ensure that action items agreed to at meetings are actually implemented. Simplify: Use simple words that are easily understood and be consistent. Using synonyms can confuse your non-Canadian counterparts unnecessarily, particularly if they are not native English speakers. For similar reasons, technical jargon should be avoided where possible and explained clearly when it must be used.

http://www.path2usa.com/office-environment-work-culture-in-us

Family:
The concept of family is different in the U.S. compared to countries like India The family remains central to US society, and more than half of unmarried adults between the ages of 18 and 24 still live with their parents. Even so, the American family has changed considerably in recent decades. Today only about one-quarter of all households consist of a traditional nuclear family, and more than half of all households have no children. One out of

every four children is born out of wedlock, and there has been a large increase in the number of single-parent families. Almost 45.9 per cent (1996) of all working Americans are women. In many households where both the husband and wife work outside the home, men are expected to share household duties. Men have also been playing an increasing role in raising their children. With both parents working, the use of, and need for, day care facilities are increasing; this is especially true for single-parent families. Among the growing proportion of the elderly population, many prefer to live in their own homes and maintain their independence. Those who cannot care for themselves may live in retirement communities or other institutions, or with their adult children. However, extended families are not common in the US. The US family is more mobile than in many other societies. It is common to move from one region of the country to another for education, employment, or simply a change of climate and scenery. Some people may move 15 times or more during a lifetime. Although many couples choose to live together before, or instead of, marriage, the marriage rate is one of the highest in western societies-but the divorce rate is also the world's highest. Weddings vary in style according to religion, region, ethnic origins, and wealth. Both religious and secular people may be legally authorized to perform weddings. The average age for marriage is 26 for men and 24 for women. http://www.immihelp.com/newcomer/american-lifestyle.html

Education:
The American education system requires that students complete 12 years of primary and secondary education prior to attending university or college. This may be accomplished either at public (or government-operated) schools, or at private schools. These 12 years of schooling (or their equivalent) may also be completed outside the USA, thus giving foreign students the opportunity to pursue the benefits of the American education system and obtain a quality American education. Perhaps one of the most impressive facts is the large number of presidents, prime ministers and leaders from other countries who have experienced the American education system and graduated from a university or school in the USA. In many fields and industries, the American education system offers the most cutting-edge, soughtafter programs at the world's best schools. That is why graduating from an accredited American school and being exposed to the rigors of the American education system is an investment in your future. Whether you want to study at a top USA university, a top USA college, or at a USA ESL, vocational or high school, a thorough understanding of how the American education system works is essential. Without a clear grasp of the American education system, an international student will find it difficult to make the right academic choices. Primary school American children start school at the age of five years. The first year at school is called kindergarten. It is required of all American children enrolled in the American education system. The second year at school is considered the first year of primary school and is referred to as first grade. In America, the word grade has two meanings: (1) The score achieved on an exam or in a course, and (2) A year of education in primary or secondary school. Primary school most commonly consists of five years of education, referred to as first through fifth grades.

Secondary school Upon completion of fifth grade (the last year of primary school), American children enrolled in the American education system advance to secondary school. Secondary school most commonly consists of a total of seven years, referred to as sixth through twelfth grades. The ninth through twelfth grades are most commonly referred to as high school. Upon completion of twelfth grade, American students are awarded a certificate called the high school diploma. In the American education system, students must have obtained a high school diploma before they are admitted into college or university. Foreign students who would like to attend an American college or university must have completed coursework that is equivalent to what is taught at an American high school. Foreign students who would like to attend an American high school, need to consider how the high school they select will give them access to the best colleges. You can also learn about some of the finest boarding schools in the American education system. Undergraduate school Students who have completed high school and would like to attend college or university must attend what is referred to as an undergraduate school. These are schools that offer either a two-year degree (called an associate) or a four-year degree (called a bachelors degree) in a specific course of study. That course of study is called the major. While most schools that offer a four-year degree will admit students who have not yet chosen a major, all students are required to select (or declare) a major by their second year at school. Students who complete an associate degree can continue their education at a four-year school and eventually complete a bachelor degree. Graduate school Students who have obtained a bachelors degree can continue their education by pursuing one of two types of degrees. The first is a masters degree. This is usually a two-year degree that is highly specialized in a specific field. Students are sometimes admitted to a masters degree program only if they have a bachelors degree in a closely related field. However, there are many exceptions to this, such as with students who want to pursue a Masters in Business Administration (MBA) degree. Students who want to advance their education even further in a specific field can pursue a doctorate degree, also called a PhD. A PhD degree can take between three and six years to complete, depending on the course of study chosen, the ability of the student, and the thesis that the student has selected. The thesis is a very intensive research paper that must be completed prior to earning the degree. It is always required of students pursuing a PhD, and may sometimes be required of students pursuing a masters degree (depending on the school).

With the Charter Schools USA Guaranteed and Viable Curriculum as its core, the Charter Schools USA Educational Model provides the process for improving student learning and academic achievement. Our Guaranteed and Viable Curriculum is aligned to specific state standards and grade-level expectations and is the framework of what is taught at each grade level. Timely and specific feedback based upon formative assessments of student performance on grade level expectations is given to establish individualized goals for all students and to modify instruction to meet students' learning needs. The six steps included in the Model are:

Baseline assessment Data-driven instruction Assessment Grading

Reporting Decision

The Charter Schools USA solution includes five equally critical and mutually reinforcing educational goals: Students will demonstrate academic improvement and success by either meeting high standards or making annual learning gains as defined by the Florida A+ Plan. Making Annual learning gains can be measured in the following ways:

Improve achievement levels from 1-2, 2-3, 3-4, or 4-5; or Meet high standards in level 3, 4, or 5 Maintain within the relatively high levels of 3, 4, or 5; or Demonstrate more than one year's growth within achievement levels 1 or 2 as indicated by the developmental scale score of the FCAT, or by meeting the state requirement for proficiency on the NRT. Every Charter Schools USA-managed school will make adequate progress with the lowest 25% in reading as defined by the Florida A+ Plan. Every Charter Schools USA-managed school will improve writing performance by 1% or maintain a minimum of 90% proficiency as required by No Child Left Behind (NCLB).

Proficiency is defined as receiving a 3.5 or higher on the FCAT Writes. The goal of NCLB is to achieve 100 percent student-proficiency by 2013-2014. Florida has set intermediate goals for reading and mathematics for all schools and all students across grade levels in order to reach 100 percent proficiency by the end of the 2013-14 academic year. Charter Schools USA's educational model ensures that every effort is made to meet Adequate Yearly Progress (AYP) or that 'safe harbor' criteria is met, as defined by No Child Left Behind. For the school year 2005-2006, AYP criteria is projected by the State at 53% scoring at or above a level 3 in FCAT Mathematics and 48% scoring at or above a level 3 in FCAT Reading. FCAT Science measures achievement in science for Florida students by assessing student progress on benchmarks identified in the Sunshine State Standards. http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0112586.html http://www.usastudyguide.com/usaeducationsystem.htm http://www.nriol.com/welcome2america/schooling-in-usa.asp

Geography:
The United States of America is the third largest country in the world based on population and land area. The United States also has the world's largest economy and is one of the most influential nations in the world. Britain's American colonies broke with the mother country in 1776 and were recognized as the new nation of the United States of America following the Treaty of Paris in 1783. During the 19th and 20th centuries, 37 new states were added to the original 13 as the nation expanded across the North American continent and acquired a number of overseas possessions. The two most traumatic experiences in the nation's history were the Civil War (1861-65), in which a northern Union of states defeated a secessionist Confederacy of 11 southern slave states, and the Great Depression of the 1930s, an economic downturn during which about a quarter of the labour force lost its jobs. Buoyed by victories in World Wars I

and II and the end of the Cold War in 1991, the US remains the world's most powerful nation state. The U.S. borders both the North Atlantic and North Pacific Oceans and is bordered by Canada and Mexico. It is the third largest country in the world by area and has a varied topography. The eastern regions consist of hills and low mountains while the central interior is a vast plain (called the Great Plains region) and the west has high rugged mountain ranges (some of which are volcanic in the Pacific Northwest). Alaska also features rugged mountains as well as river valleys. Hawaii's landscape varies but is dominated by volcanic topography. Like its topography, the climate of the U.S. also varies depending on location. It is considered mostly temperate but is tropical in Hawaii and Florida, arctic in Alaska, semiarid in the plains west of the Mississippi River and arid in the Great Basin of the southwest.

http://geography.about.com/od/unitedstatesofamerica/a/unitedstatesgeography.htm

Common Indianisms:
It would be surprising to discover that some of the most common words that you use on a daily basis are suppose to be pronounced in a total different way and sometimes you are a mile far from the actual pronunciation. If you are an Indian, it is a common practice that you pronounce the words in the most obvious way, the way it is spelt or the way your teacher or friends pronounce it. But I am sure you end up doing outstandingly bad mistakes. Some examples are: 1. Me and my friend 2. Mr. Smith please have little patience. 3. Mrs. Mary, How are you today? 4. I am here only. 5. She did it itself. 6. He himself did the work. 7. I will return it back to you. 8. Please revert back. 9. I had an operation three years back. 10. Dont worry sir, I will satisfy you. 11. Please be online for a moment while. 12. I did not took it. 13. I did not knew it. 14. I am loving it. 15. You are going. Is it? 16. The food is bad it seems. 17. I myself did it. 18. Sorry, I beg your pardon. 19. This work is more easier than that. 20. I have a terrific headache. 21. Prepone the meeting. 22. A newly arrived immigrant from India would try to speak "chaste English" with people he would meet, ask their "good name" and how many "issues" they have, and insist that they do not "observe formality', but "have a beer bottle" or two with him. They cannot meet his "better half", because she is having "a head bath", but being "newly married", he is "cent-per-

cent" sure that she is "carrying". Since he is not "a busybody" today because he has had his "offs" changed to Sundays by "oiling" his boss, he might offer them a ride in his new car, but will make sure there is a "stepany" in the "dickey", otherwise they might have to "foot" it in case of a "puncture". 23. He is unconfident about his skills. 24. Run quickly quickly or you will miss the bus. 25. Eat slowly slowly. 26. The sky is so blue blue today. 27. Until you do not eat, I will not go from here. 28. I am a nonveg. 29. I am a veg. 30. When I was doing my schooling. 31. When is your happy birthday? 32. Are you coming for the happy New Year party? 33. She interrupted in between the meeting. 34. I have a Stepney in my car. 35. My would-be is from Bangalore . 36. Eve-teasing is very common in many cities across India. 37. She performs many charities. 38. Let us discuss about this. 39. They did it, no? 40. He is here, isnt it? 41. She closed the door, did she? 42. He does this always. 43. A question Didnt you take Rita to school? May be answered with: Yes, I didnt. 44. I only told her to do that. 45. She had so much of work to do that.. 46. Lets go out for some ice-cream-vice- cream. 47. Seriously, she is a good person. 48. What is your good name? 49. A person from the south Might say: I simply forwarded the mail to my boss. 50. My cousin-brother is younger than my cousin-sister.

Activity: Debate on American or Indian culture. Debate or GD on which is the better English; American, Britain and how good is Indian English.

American Vocabulary:
There is noticeable variation in the vocabularies of American English and British English. Definitive analysis is problematic, but thorough research can reveal useful data and evidence of the differences. The table on this page shows evidence of regional variation between American and British English. Change in the vocabulary of a dialect arises from both internal and external pressures. Of external influence, crossing of terms between American and British English is not wholly restricted one-way, but American English is the predominant worldwide influence.

The analysis of variation within a language is a research area of Linguistics. The technical term for a vocabulary is a lexicon. Research into lexical variation (the variation in words used) between two dialects of the same language employs several methods, including empirical inquiry into the actual language used by an appropriate sample of speakers and statistical corpus analysis (analysis of large bodies of 'naturally occurring' data, i.e. the lexical content of books, television, newspapers, etc). Limitations of analysis Language is constantly changing: the accuracy of the data may degrade quickly after the date when the research was done. The picture is further complicated by the variation (due to region, age, gender, social norms and many other factors) within the national dialects. Globalization has accelerated the rate-of-change to English worldwide a list of lexical variation should not be regarded as an authority on current differences, but rather as evidence of variation by which dialects can be distinguished. It is not a straightforward matter to identify items as equivalent. David Crystal identifies some of the problems of classification on the facing page to his list of American English/British English lexical variation, and states "this should be enough to suggest caution when working through an apparently simple list of equivalents".
Some conversations:

Make progress by degrees!!! Frank Megan Hi, Megan, have you finished the talk with John already? Are you available now? If so, let me describe your work duties, OK? Yeah, we just talked about my future job. And the supervisor hoped that I can make progress by degrees in my work. I am free now. And what am I expected to do? As a newcomer, you are going to be responsible for some basic tasks first, including certain routine duties like answering the telephone, typing ... Later; you will be assigned to the sales department. There you can learn much about the workings of our company and its sales quickly. I see. It must be a challenging job. But it's not a surprise to me. That's to be expected. I can deal with it as well as I can. And what about now? What should I do? Err... if I have some problems, may I speak out directly? For this is your first day in our company, you can begin with our products. Before you do your job, it's necessary for you to be familiar with our own products. Then you can get down to your work smoothly. Don't hesitate to tell us if you have a problem. Quite right! And thanks for your instruction.

Frank

Megan

Frank

Megan

My job is in jeopardy!!! James Donovan James Peter got on my case again for not wearing a tie and you wont believe what he said to me. What now? He seems to think that my refusal to wear a tie has a damaging effect on the image of the company, and get this: because of my

insubordination, my job is in jeopardy. Donovan James What did you say? I told him that I was promoted to my present position because of the special rapport I have with our clients and that by all accounts I've never had an image problem in all the years I've worked here. Why is it that you don't want to wear a tie? It's the principle of it. I think we should be able to dress how we please, don't you? Not really... But I see where you are coming from.

Donovan James Donovan

That's a fashion no-no!!! Alicia Jade There are several factors to take into consideration when you are buying clothes. One thing to think about is your lifestyle. In my case, I go for comfort. I like to wear lightweight jerseys in soft pastels. And since I spend a lot of time doing housework, my favourite outfit is my baggy pink sweat suit. I suggest you stay away from any kind of sportswear -- that's a fashion no-no. Your clothes should reflect your true personality. Well, that's the thing. I'm not up on the latest fashions, but I'd like a big change. Faux fur is in now. Why don't you slip on this imitation cheetah tunic top with these black satin pants? I think you'd look good in this. Okay. But let me tell you, I have my doubts about this.. Well, what do you think? Very flattering! It's definitely you!

Alicia Jade Alicia

Jade Alicia

Calling the shots!!! Hudson Terry Hudson I'm dreading my interviews. I have a feeling I'm going to fail miserably. That's not like you. You're always so cool, calm and collected. I know, but this is different. When I think about it my stomach starts churning. I know it's all in my head, but I can't get past my fear that I'll say the wrong thing. You're getting all worked up over nothing more than a paper tiger. But my future depends on this job! Just a minute, Hudson. You may not even like the company once you're there. Don't forget in their eyes you're the star. What have you

Terry Hudson Terry

got to lose? Hudson Terry Just my pride ... but you're right. I'll heed your advice. Good. Let me know how it goes. And remember, you're calling the shots, not them.

Way over the top!!! Daughter Father Daughter Father Daughter Father I don't have a thing to wear to school except baggy T-shirts and jeans and my flip-flops. I heard you and your mother didn't have much luck with your back-toschool shopping. No, we don't share the same taste in clothes. She thought all the clothes in this shop were way over the top. Well, you'll need some warm clothes before winter sets in. Do you know if they carry down jackets? Possibly. Oh, look at this cool jacket! That's a nice jacket but it's got a defect. Look how it's torn in the back.

I'm still working on my career portfolio!!! Greta Orlando Greta Orlando Greta Orlando Greta How is your job hunting going? I haven't really started yet because I'm still working on my career portfolio. Is that the same as a resume or c.v.? It's similar but it's more detailed. It will give potential employers a complete picture of my qualifications, experience and capabilities. That will be quite a folder. Not only a folder. I'm planning to upload it to my website. Wow! That sounds really impressive.

Go cold turkey!!! Steve No matter how hard I try, I can't seem to quit smoking. I've tried nicotine patches and gum, but I've never been able to cut down on my smoking for some reason. You were a heavy smoker, Josh. How did you kick the habit? I'd say it's a matter of will power. A lot of people use smoking as a coping mechanism for their moods. Nicotine is a drug that provides instant gratification

Josh

Steve Josh

once you inhale; it's delivered to the brain in a matter of seconds. You need to think twice before you light up. In my case, I crave a cigarette whenever I feel stressed out. Do you think I should throw away my cigs and go cold turkey? That's a thought. Just do it. Never underestimate the power of the mind.

Hybrid cars use much less fuel!!! Haydn Gwen Haydn Gwen Haydn Gwen Haydn Gwen I've been thinking that we really ought to change our car. Why's that? The one we've got isn't even two years old and it goes very well. I know, but it uses a lot of gas and that's not good for the environment. What would you replace it with? Well, I've been reading a lot about these new hybrid cars. Do you mean the ones which use both a normal engine and an electric motor? Yes, hybrid cars use much less fuel than an ordinary car. I suppose that must be better for the environment.

http://www.englishdaily626.com/conversation.php?932

Some English idioms: Smell a Rat How come the front door is open? Didn't you close it before we went shopping? I'm sure I did. I can't understand it. Frankly, I smell a rat. Me, too. I'm convinced that something is definitely wrong here. We'd better call the police.

Go to the Dogs Have you seen their house lately? It's really gone to the dogs. It's true that it has become run-down and in serious need of repair, but I'm sure that it can be fixed up to look like new. I guess with a little carpentry work and some paint it could look pretty decent.

Fishy When the security guard saw a light in the store after closing hours, it seemed to him that there was something fishy going on. He called the central office and explained to his superior that he thought something strange and suspicious was occurring.

Take the Bull by the Horns Julie had always felt that she was missing out on a lot of fun because of her clumsiness on the dance floor. She had been putting off taking lessons, but she finally took the bull by the horns and went to a professional dance studio for help. She was tired of feeling left out and acted decisively to correct the situation.

Let the cat out of the Bag Bob was going to retire from teaching in June, and the foreign language department was planning on presenting him with some luggage at his retirement dinner. He wasn't supposed to know about it, but someone let the cat out of the bag. At the dinner Bob acted surprised, even though someone had told him what he was getting before the official presentation.

For the Birds They went to a poetry reading, but they got bored and restless. As far as they were concerned, it was for the birds! They left during an intermission because they found the reading totally uninteresting and meaningless

Straight From the Horse's Mouth How did you find out that Jill was engaged? I got the information from a very reliable source. You mean Jill told you so herself? That's right. I got it straight from the horse's mouth!

Horse Around Did you hear about Dave's back injury? No. How did he get hurt? Well, after the coach left the gym he decided to stay and horse around on the parallel bars. He somehow lost his grip and fell on his back. That's too bad, but he shouldn't have been aimlessly playing around on the equipment without proper supervision.

Cat Got Your Tongue? Come on, Connie! Tell us what you think about our little ride down the rapids yesterday. Well, uh... Wasn't it exciting? I, uh... What's the matter? Cat got your tongue? If you must know, I'm keeping quiet because I was scared out of my wits!

Get in Someone's hair Children! Would you please stop making so much noise! And for heaven's sake, pick up your clothes and toys! It's hard enough trying to keep this house clean without your throwing your things all over the place! Clara, I know that the children get in your hair, but you should try not to let it upset you so much. Listen, Jim. I can't help it . The children bother me and make me very angry when they're so noisy and messy.

Shoot Off One's Mouth Jim doesn't play tennis very much, but he's always shooting off his mouth about how good he is. Yet he's fooling nobody. Jim is somewhat of a braggart and everyone knows that he gives opinions without knowing all the facts and talks as if he knew everything about the game.

Jump Down Someone's Throat That's it, Greg! You'd better not come in after midnight again tonight! I know, dad. You don't have to jump down my throat! I told you that I'd make it home around 11:30. I don't intend to be late! Well, you've said that before and in you come at 2: 30 in the morning. You can't blame me for getting angry and scolding you. I've got good reason.

Pay Through the Nose At last Mr. Smith came upon the rare stamp he had been seeking at an auction. Since many other stamp collectors would also be bidding for it, he realized that he would have to pay through the nose in order to have it. After considering the increasing value of the stamp, he decided that he would not mindpaying such a high price for something so rare.

Tongue-in-Cheek Why were you teasing Sonia about her new hairdo? She really took offense at what you said. I didn't mean to offend her. I was simply making a tongue-in-cheek remark when i said that it was too elaborate for a girl of her young, tender age. Well, she thought you were serious. She had no idea that you were just saying that as a joke. I'm really sorry. I suppose I owe her an apology.

Pull Someone's Leg Hey, Al. I was invited to be a judge for the Miss America Beauty Pageant! Oh, really? Come on, you're pulling my leg! No, honestly. Do you really think that I'm trying to fool you with a ridiculous story? Well, you've told me foolish stories before. I can assure you that this one is for real.

Play It by Ear Let's go to the movies, agreed? Sure. And what'll we do after that ? Oh, I don't know. Let's play it by ear. Well, I would like to have a more definite plan of action. Don't be like that. It's always more fun not knowing what to expect and deciding what to do as we go along.

Stick Out One's Neck How come they're asking me to act as their guide through the jungle? Evidently they think you're the only one who can lead them to the lost temple. That jungle has danger lurking around every corner. Why should I stick my neck out for them? They didn't pay me for my services. They know that you would be taking a great risk and could possibly get hurt, but you're the only one with enough knowledge to take them to their destination. I'm sure you'll be amply rewarded.

All Thumbs Hey Bea. Can you help me out ? I don't seem to be able to button up the back of my dress. Sure. Let's see if I can do it for you. I guess I'm all thumbs because I'm so nervous. I'm already late for my date. Well, I suppose that being so nervous would make you clumsy and awkward. But don't worry. I'm sure your date will wait.

Not Have a Leg to Stand On

Tom maintains that the firm owes him some back wages for having worked overtime. However, he won't have a leg to stand on unless he can prove that he put in all those extra hours. He doesn't stand a chance of getting his money without a strong foundation of facts to support his position.

Get Off Someone's Back Hey, John. I'm bored. Come on, let's go out and do something. Sorry, I'm right in the middle of studying for a physics exam. I won't be able to make it tonight. You've been studying for a long time. Why don't you take a break ? Come on! Let's go ! Forget studying for a while ! Look! Get off my back! I can't go anywhere! OK. I'll stop bothering you only if you promise to let me know the minute you're finished.

Drive Someone Up a Wall Wow ! What a great set of drums! Yeah, they're great, but I can't play on them when my folks are at home. They say I drive them up a wall with all the loud banging. I get the same thing at home. My folks tell me that I annoy them and get them really angry whenever I turn up the volume on my stereo.

String Someone Along Liz had high hopes of marrying Dean. When he ran off with another woman, she realized that he was just stringing her along. She had felt very strongly about him and was really hurt to see that he was deceiving her and had no intentions of ever marrying her.

Leave Someone High and Dry

Say, Jill. I thought that John was going to help you do the dishes tonight. So did I. But he left me high and dry. Where did he go ? Well, he got a call from some of his pals at work to go bowling, and he left me alone to do all this work without any help at all!

Spill the Beans Did you know that Harry was going to take Kathy on a Caribbean cruise ? Yes, I did. He was planning on surprising her with the tickets fro their anniversary, but someone spilled the beans. What a shame ! That was supposed to have been a surprise. Yes, it's too bad that someone told her about the trip beforehand and ruined Harry's surprise. That's OK. Her enthusiasm was not dampened in the least!

Bite the Dust Andy did exceptionally well in all of the track events, but he bit the dust in the high jump competition. Much to the disappointment of his fans, he went down in defeat, losing to a competitor from the visiting team.

Bend Over Backwards When Joan first started teaching she was afraid that she would have a lot of trouble getting used to the kids and to the faculty. Her fears turned out to be unfounded, since everybody bent over backwards to help her. Everyone tried very hard to help her feel comfortable and adjust to the school.

Cough Up

Say, Greg. Did you finally get that computer that you wanted so much ? Not yet. I needed to raise a couple of hundred dollars more. Is it going to take you a while to raise the money? It would have taken me forever, but dad said he'd cough up the money I need since I'm going to be using the computer for my school work. Maybe it was difficult for your dad to give you the money but then, he knows that it's for a good cause.

Jump the Gun Denise was planning on telling her grandparents that the doctor said she was going to have twins, but when her dad found out he jumped the gun and told them before Denise could say a word. He was so excited that he became hasty and revealed the news before Denise had a chance to tell them.

Scratch Someone's Back Hey, Bea. I need some help stacking these boxes. Would you please give me a hand? OK. And I need some help tidying up the house. How about your helping me out after that ? OK. If you scratch my back, I'll scratch yours. I know you don't like doing housework, but I'll help you with the boxes if you promise to return the favor. No problem. I'll even do the windows.

Turn Someone Off

How was your date with Marty last night ? Well, it started of OK, but he really turned me off when we went for a snack after the movies. Did he say or do something to annoy you? Frankly, he disgusted me when he tried to talk with his mouth full. I don't blame you . That would have really bothered me too.

Kick the Bucket It's been said that the old man knew of a buried treasure, but he kicked the bucketbefore telling anyone where it was. If the treasure exists, the old man unfortunately took the secret of its location with him when he died.

Wet Blanket James was not invited to go on the outing with the rest of the group because he's such a wet blanket. On many previous occasions he has kept others from enjoying themselves by his pessimism and lack of enthusiasm. It's understandable that no one wants him around.

Up One's Sleeve All right, Sara. We know that you're planning something big for Jean's birthday. Mind telling us just what you have up your sleeve ? I wanted to make his birthday a very special event. Jean has a sister living in France, and I sent her an airplane ticket so that she could be here for his birthday. Boy! That is something special. We kind of guessed that you had some concealed plan and were waiting for the right time to reveal it. Well, I didn't want to say anything until I was sure she could come.

Knock Someone's Socks Off

Hi, John. What's new ? Oh, nothing too much with me, but you ought to see Fredo's new car. It'll knock your socks off! So, he finally got that Italian sports car he's been dreaming about. He sure did. When you see all the custom features that it has, you'll get so enthused and excited you won't know what to do. Boy, I can hardly wait to go for a ride in it.

Lose One's Shirt I happened to bump into Dole at lunch yesterday afternoon. What's new with Dole these days ? He wasn't doing so well. For one thing, he told me he lost his shirt at the races. Dole has always liked to bet on the horses. I'm not surprised that he lost a great deal of money. Yeah. At this rate he'll never have a penny to his name.

Lemon Have you seen Joe's new car yet ? Yeah. It looks good, but she's had nothing but problems with it. That's too bad. It sounds like she got a real lemon. She sure did. No sooner did she drive it home from the dealer's than it proveddefective and started breaking down.

Out of the Woods Although Eric was well on his way to recovering from his bout with pneumonia, he was still not out of the woods. The doctors told him that he would have to take it easy and avoid exposure to cold, since he was not out of danger and difficulty yet.

Eating Someone

Hey, Alice. What's been eating you lately ? Don't you realize how rude and irritable you've become? I know. I'm really sorry for the way I've been acting. Well, why don't you tell me what has been bothering and upsetting you and maybe we can work your problem out together. I'll admit that it would help to talk to someone about it.

On the Line Lately Tom's been more conscientious about the accuracy and quality of his work with the company. He was warned that his job was on the line because of his lack of concern for his duties. When Tom was alerted that he was in danger of losing his job, he began to take his obligations with the company more seriously.

Feel Like a Million Dollars I bumped into Nick at the salon yesterday. He looked great, but I noticed that he had a slight limp when he walked. I guess you didn't know that he had an operation on his knee. No, I didn't. How's he feeling ? He says he's feeling like a million dollars now. Apparently the pain in his knee is all gone. It's good that he's feeling so wonderful. It must be a refreshing change not having to put up with all that discomfort.

Hang On During the depression years the Smiths had a great deal of trouble with their business, but somehow or other they were able to hang on. Although they almost lost their store, they managed to persevere until things got better.

Make Ends Meet

It's almost impossible trying to keep up with the high cost of living. It's true. Things are so expensive nowadays that it's very difficult to make ends meet. You know, even with Lucie's salary, our combined income is hardly enough to pay all the bills.

Money talks We've been waiting for three months to get delivery on our car, and people who put in their order after us have already gotten theirs. Well, money talks. Why don't you try giving the dealer a little something extra to move things along ? I know full well that money has the power to influence people, but I refuse to pay extra for a service that is owed to me as a client. If you want to have your car maybe you'd better reconsider.

The Early Bird Catches the Worm Marc, the lines for the rock festival are going to be miles long! If you expect to get tickets for you and Mary, remember that old saying. " The early bird catches the worm " I guess you're right. Mary is looking forward to the concert, and I'd hate to disappoint her. I'll get up real early to get a place at the head of the line. That way I'll get the tickets I want, for sure!

http://www.englishdaily626.com/idioms.php

Exercises: From the options A, B, C and D, choose the form that best fits the function state, to

complete the dialogue below. Atan Dinah Atan Dinah Atan Hello, Dinah. Did you have a good trip ? It was not too bad. In fact I managed to sleep a bit. ______1______ ( to express satisfaction ) Is that all your luggage ? Yes. Wait a minute. The small holdall is missing. ______2______ ( to express dismay ) I must have left it at the duty-free shop. ______3______ ( to reassure ) We can ask the security guard to get it. Which shop was it ? To express satisfaction A It was so quiet. B The passengers slept. C The seat was really comfortable. D It has made me feel rested. 2. To express dismay A Oh dear ! B What a nuisance ! C Where could it be ? D I remember now. 3. To reassure A Don't cry. B Don't worry. C Are you sure ? D We'll look for it.

1.

From the options A, B, C and D, choose the form that best fits the function state, to complete the dialogue below. Valerie Vicky Valerie Vicky Valerie Why did you give money to that beggar ? ______1______ ( to explain ) I can't walk past, ignoring him. You are just encouraging him to be lazy. It is a bad habit. He looks old and sickly. ______2______ ( to agree ) But there are organizations to help people like him.

Vicky Valerie

And what are they doing to help him ? All right. ______3______ ( to pacify )

1.

To explain A Why shouldn't I ? B He's always there. C I dislike beggars. D I feel sorry for him.

2.

To agree A All right. B Yes, he does. C I believe you. D You may be right.

3.

To pacify A Let's go. B Forget it. C Do what you like. D Let's not argue about it.

From the options A, B, C and D, choose the form that best fits the function state, to complete the dialogue below. Amy Mother Amy Mother Amy Mother Amy Mother Mother, I have something to tell you. What is it ? ______1______ ( to confess ) How did it happen ? I was dusting the shelf and knocked it over. ______2______ ( to scold ) That's the second vase you have broken. I'm going to deduct some money from your allowance each week. ______3______ ( to protest ) It was an accident. It'll teach you to be more careful.

1.

To confess

A I didn't finish the dusting B You won't believe what I've done. C Promise me you won't get angry. D I have broken your favorite vase. 2. To scold A Not again ! B How could you ? C You are really careless. D Don't go into my room again. 3. To protest A Oh no ! B That's not fair. C I'll complain to Father. D I don't have enough pocket money.

From the options A, B, C and D, choose the form that best fits the function state, to complete the dialogue below. Siew Lee Sandy I hate History lessons ! ______1______ ( To complain ) I don't understand why we are forced to study things that are so unnecessary. You're always complaining about everything. History is important because it tells us about our past. Without knowing our past we will have no reason to be proud of our heritage. ______2______ ( To express doubt ) This is the era of Science and Technology. Money is not the most important thing in life. ______3______ ( To express an opinion ) After all life is not a bed of roses, you know. Actually, when you put it that way, I see your point of view.

Siew Lee Sandy Siew Lee

1.

To complain A It's so unnecessary. B I'd rather do some science experiments. C What do you think, Siew Lee ? D It's such a boring lesson and I don't need it for my future.

2.

To express doubt A I feel that I'm being forced to study History. B I'm not sure whether it would help me earn a living C Why should I be proud of my heritage ? D How can History make me proud of my heritage.

3.

To express an opinion I think that learning about the great men and women of A the past gives us strength and motivation to overcome obstacles. B It's not as important as History. Money can be earned and spent, but History will live C forever. D Without History, life would not be worth living.

From the options A, B, and C, choose the form that best fits the function state, to complete the dialogue below. Fong Harod Fong Harod Could you lend me three hundred dollars, Harod ? ______1______ ( to ask ) I want to take Amy out to dinner at a posh restaurant. Well, I'm sorry. I don't have that much money to spare. even if I did, I wouldn't lend it to you so that you can spend it all on a dinner date. ______2______ ( to suggest ). ______3______ ( to explain ) So, I want to treat her to a really special dinner.

Fong

1.

To ask A Don't you have any money of your own ? B Do you think I'm a millionaire ? C What do you need so much money for ? D Why ask me for money ?

2.

To suggest A Let's eat at home together. B Why not go somewhere cheaper ? C Why go somewhere so expensive ? D You shouldn't spend so much money on food.

3.

To explain A It's a special occasion. B It's none of your business. C Mind your own business. D That's mean of you.

From the options A, B, and C, choose the form that best fits the function state, to complete the dialogue below. Paddy Maggie Paddy ______1______ ( To urge ) Why ? What's so interesting about it ? It says there's a mother and daughter lookalike competition at The Plaza next weekend. ______2______ ( To express an opinion )You both really look alike. ______3______ ( To express interest ) However, it won't be easy convincing my mum.

Maggie

1.

To urge Maggie, do you know there is an interesting advertisement A in the newspaper ? B Maggie, come and look at this advertisement, quick. C Maggie, you should listen to this. D Maggie, I have some interesting news for you.

2.

To express an opinion A I think you and your mother should take part. B I would like you and your mother to take part. C I think your mother would like to take part. D Would you like to take part ?

3.

To express interest A Will it be interesting ? B I agree we look alike. C Yes, we should join. D It sounds interesting.

From the options A, B, and C, choose the correct function of the underlined statements. Simon Kok Wing Simon Kok Wing Simon Kok Wing Simon Kok Wing May I speak to Kok Wing, please ? Speaking. Is that you, Simon ? That's right. Are you free this evening ? Yes. What's up ? There's a book exhibition at the town Hall. We can get some cheap books there. Why are you so interested in reading now ? Don't you remember ? Our English teacher wants us to read at least one book a week. Oh, yes.

1.

May I speak to Kok Wing, please ? A To inform B To suggest C To request D To insist

2.

There's a book exhibition at the town Hall. A To explain B To confirm C To inform D To clarify

3.

Our English teacher wants us to read at least one book a week. A To accept B To advise C To remind D To suggest

From the options A, B, and C, choose the form that best fits the function state, to complete the dialogue below.

Chee Dally Chee Dally Chee

You told me that the meeting was at 9.00. ______1______ ( to clarify ). You must have been confused about the time. ______2______ ( to admit ). Anyway, I've already missed the meeting so it doesn't matter now. I should have called you when I saw that you weren't present. ______3______ ( to apologize ) It's all right. It wasn't your fault. ______4______ ( to complain ). He should inform every member of any changes in black and white.

1.

To clarify A I said 9.00 a.m. and not 9.00 p.m. B I never said that. C I can't remember now. D It doesn't matter if it is 9.00 p.m. or 9.00 a.m.

2.

To admit A Do you think so ? B It's so confusing. C I guess I was. D It's all right.

3.

To apologize A You won't blame me, will you ? B I'm sorry, I never thought of that. C I can apologize if you want. D I'm so grateful to you.

4.

To complain A I have only myself to blame. B I regret not being there to vote. C The president must've complained about my absence. D The new secretary is not doing a good job.

http://www.englishdaily626.com/dialogue.php

American Idioms at work:

For better or worse, the American workplace is full of idioms. People dont begin a project. They get a project off the ground.They dont call each other to discuss progress they touch base. Later, if the project is not going well, they dont end it. They pull the plug. Here are some idioms you're likely to encounter in the workplace. They're taken from the book, Speak Business English Like an American, which contains over 350 business-related idioms and expressions. After getting to know the idioms, listen for them in everyday conversations and look out for them in newspapers and magazines. Some business idioms: at a premium at a high price; at a relatively high price Example: When flat-screen televisions first came out, they were selling at a premium. back-of-the-envelope calculations quick calculations; estimates using approximate numbers, instead of exact numbers Example: I don't need the exact numbers right now. Just give me some back-of-the-envelope calculations. Note: This expression refers to the quick calculations one would do informally, as on the back of an envelope. belt-tightening reduction of expenses Example: When worldwide demand for software decreased, Microsoft had to do somebelttightening. (to) bite the bullet to make a difficult or painful decision; to take a difficult step Example: When demand was down, U.S. automakers had to bite the bullet and cut jobs. Origin: This idiom comes from the military. During the Civil War in the United States, doctors sometimes ran out of whiskey for killing the pain. A bullet would be put in the wounded soldier's mouth during surgery. He would "bite the bullet" to distract him from the pain and keep him quiet so the doctor could do his work in peace. bitter pill to swallow bad news; something unpleasant to accept Example: After Gina spent her whole summer working as an intern for American Express, failing to get a full-time job offer from the company was a bitter pill to swallow. blockbuster a big success; a huge hit

Example: Eli Lilly made a lot of money with the prescription drug, Prozac. It was a realblockbuster. Origin: This term comes from the blockbuster bombs used during World War Two by the British Royal Air Force. They were huge and created a large explosive force. Blockbuster ideas similarly create a big impact - and hopefully don't cause destruction like blockbuster bombs! brownie points credit for doing a good deed or for giving someone a compliment (usually a boss or teacher) Example: Sara scored brownie points with her boss by volunteering to organize the company's holiday party. Origin: The junior branch of the Girl Scouts is called the Brownies. Brownies earn credit to then earn a badge by doing good deeds and tasks. When applied to adults, the meaning is sarcastic. cash cow a product, service, or business division that generates a lot of cash for the company, without requiring much investment Example: With strong sales every year and a great brand name, Mercedes is a cash cowfor DaimlerChrysler. (to) cash in on to make money on; to benefit financially from Example: Jamie Oliver, star of the TV show The Naked Chef, cashed in on his popularity by writing cookbooks and opening restaurants. (to) climb the corporate ladder advance in one's career; the process of getting promoted and making it to senior management Example: You want to climb the corporate ladder? It helps to be productive and to look good in front of your boss. (to) compare apples to oranges to compare two unlike things; to make an invalid comparison Example: Comparing a night at EconoLodge with a night at the Four Seasons is likecomparing apples to oranges. One is a budget motel, and the other is a luxury hotel. Note: You will also see the related expression "compare apples to apples" which means to compare two things of the same type. This means that you are making a valid comparison, as opposed to when you're comparing apples to oranges. crunch time a short period when there's high pressure to achieve a result

Example: It's crunch time for stem cell researchers in Korea. New government regulations may soon make their work illegal. dog-eat-dog world a cruel and aggressive world in which people just look out for themselves Example: Your company fired you shortly after you had a heart attack? Well, it's certainly a dog-eat-dog world! Origin: This expression dates back to the 1500's. Wild dogs were observed fighting aggressively over a piece of food. The connection was made that people, like dogs, often compete aggressively to get what they want. (to) dot your i's and cross your t's to be very careful; to pay attention to details Example: When preparing financial statements, accuracy is very important. Be sure to dot your i's and cross your t's. (to) drum up business to create business; to find new customers Example: Sales have been very slow lately. Do you have any ideas for drumming up business? (to) face the music to admit that there's a problem; to deal with an unpleasant situation realistically Example: Enron executives finally had to face the music and admit that they were involved in some illegal activities. (to) fast track a project to make a project a high priority; to speed up the time frame of a project Example: Let's fast track this project. We've heard rumors that our competitors are developing similar products. (to) generate lots of buzz to cause many people to start talking about a product or service, usually in a positive way that increases sales Example: Procter & Gamble generated lots of buzz for its new toothpaste by giving away free samples to people on the streets of New York City. Note: "Buzz" is a popular word for "attention." (to) have a lot on one's plate

to have a lot to do; to have too much to do; to have too much to cope with Example: Carlos turned down the project, explaining that he already had a lot on his plate. Note: There is also the variation: to have too much on one's plate. (the) hard sell an aggressive way of selling Example: Car salesmen are famous for using the hard sell on their customers. Note: The opposite of "the hard sell" is "the soft sell," which is a sales technique using little or no pressure. (to) jump the gun to start doing something too soon or ahead of everybody else Example: The company jumped the gun by releasing a new product before the results of the consumer testing were in. Origin: A runner "jumps the gun" if he or she starts running before the starter's pistol has been fired. (to) jump through hoops to go through a lot of difficult work for something; to face many bureaucratic obstacles Example: We had to jump through hoops to get our visas to Russia, but we finally got them. (to) keep one's eye on the prize to stay focused on the end result; to not let small problems get in the way of good results Example: I know it's difficult going to class after work, but just keep your eye on the prize. At the end of next year, you'll have your MBA. Note: You will also see the variation: keep one's eyes on the prize. (to) keep something under wraps to keep something secret; to not let anybody know about a new project or plan Example: I'm sorry I can't tell you anything about the project I'm working on. My boss told me to keep it under wraps. Note: "Wraps" are things that provide cover, so if something is "under wraps" it's covered up and hidden. mum's the word let's keep quiet about this; I agree not to tell anyone about this Example: Please don't tell anybody about our new project. Remember: mum's the word!

Origin: The word "mum" comes from the murmur "mmmmm," the only sound you can make when your mouth is shut firmly. Try making other sounds besides "mmmmm" with your lips and mouth shut firmly, and you will see that it's impossible! my gut tells me I have a strong feeling that; my intuition tells me Example: It's true that I don't know him well, but my gut tells me that James is the right person for the sales director position. Note: The "gut" is both the intestines and stomach and also the innermost emotional response. nothing ventured, nothing gained If you don't try to do something, you'll never succeed. Example: It's risky to spend so much money developing a new brand, but nothing ventured, nothing gained. on top of trends modern; aware and responding to the latest tastes Example: The Gap is on top of trends. They always have the latest styles in their stores. (to) pass the buck to shift the blame; to blame somebody else Example: It's your fault. Don't try to pass the buck! Origin: This expression comes from the world of poker. In the nineteenth century, a knife with a buckhorn handle (the "buck") was passed to the next dealer when it was his turn to give out the cards. (to) plug (a product) to promote a product; to talk positively about a product Example: American Express often hires famous people to plug their credit cards. No wonder people pay attention to their ads! (to) pull one's weight to do one's share of the work Example: Don't rely on others to get your job done. You need to pull your own weight. Note: You will also hear the variation: to pull one's own weight. (to) pull the plug to put a stop to a project or initiative, usually because it's not going well; to stop something

from moving forward; to discontinue Example: After losing millions of dollars drilling for oil in Nebraska and finding nothing, the oil company finally pulled the plug on its exploration project. Origin: This expression refers to removing a plug to make something stop working - when you pull the plug out of the wall, your appliance doesn't work. In the 19th century, when this term originated, the plug was for a toilet. To flush the toilet, you had to pull out a plug. (to) put a stake in the ground to take the first step; to make a big move to get something started; to make a commitment Example: Our business in California has grown steadily over the past two years. Now is the time to put a stake in the ground and open a regional office there. (to) rally the troops to motivate others; to get other people excited about doing something; to do something to improve the morale of the employees and get them energized about doing their work Example: After the lay-offs and salary cuts, the airline president organized a meeting torally the troops and plan for the next year. Note: The verb "to rally" has several definitions, but in this case means to "call together for a common goal or purpose." Troops is an informal way of describing a group of employees. The term comes from the military - a troop is a military unit. reality check let's think realistically about this situation (said when you don't like something that's being suggested because you don't think the other person is thinking practically or logically) Example: You think we can start selling our products through our website next month? Time for a reality check! Nobody at our company knows anything about e-commerce. (to) scale back one's hours to reduce the number of hours one works Example: When Christine had a baby, she decided to scale back her hours and just work part-time. Synonym: to cut back one's hours Shape up or ship out! improve your behavior or leave; if you don't improve your performance, you're going to get fired Example: Martin finally had enough of Todd's negative attitude. "Shape up or ship out!" he told Todd. Origin: This expression was first used in the U.S. military during World War Two, meaning: you'd better follow regulations and behave yourself ("shape up"), or you're going to be sent overseas to a war zone ("ship out").

(to) step up to the plate to take action; to do one's best; to volunteer Example: We need somebody to be in charge of organizing the company holiday party. Who'd like to step up to the plate and start working on this project? Note: This expression comes from baseball. You step up to the plate (a plastic mat on the ground) when it's your turn to hit the ball. (to) throw cold water over (an idea, a plan) to present reasons why something will not work; to discourage Example: Pat presented her boss with a plan to expand their business into China, but he threw cold water over her plan and told her to just focus on developing business in the United States. Note: You will also hear the variation: to throw cold water on. though the roof very high; higher than expected Example: No wonder people are complaining about the cost of heating their homes. Oil prices have gone through the roof! (to) turn around one's business to make a business profitable again; to go from not making profits to being profitable again Example: The telecom company was able to turn around its business by developing a popular new line of services. (to) work down to the wire to work until the last minute; to work until just before the deadline Example: The investment bankers need to turn in their report at 9 a.m. tomorrow morning, and they've still got many hours of work left on it. They're going to be working down to the wire. Note: This expression comes from horse racing. In the 19th century, American racetracks placed wire across the track above the finish line. The wire helped determine which horse's nose crossed the line first. If a race was "down to the wire," it was a very close race, undecided until the very last second. (to) work out the (or some) kinks to solve the problems with Example: The company announced that they will delay the launch of their new product by two weeks. They still need to work out the kinks with their packaging process. Note: A "kink" is a problem or flaw in a system or plan.

yes man an employee who always agrees with the boss or does whatever the boss says Example: Don't expect Larry to argue with the boss. He's a yes man.

http://www.eslmania.com/students/idioms/Business_idioms.htm

Do's & Don'ts

At work or elsewhere while talking, if you want to say yes, just say 'yes'. Don't nod your head up and down. Moving your head side to side is found to be very confusing, and it is mostly taken as 'no'. Avoid talking in your native language in presence of people of other ethnicities in a social gathering. It is not courteous. Don't say, "I'll ring you back." or "I'll call you later". Here ring is the engagement ring, rather say "I'll call you, or buzz you". Don't call a black person a "Negro" or "Black", it is always polite to call them "African Americans". Also never call an "American Indian" as a "Red Indian", they get very offended. Do not walk or sit with arms around the shoulders of someone of the same sex. You may be mistaken to be a "Gay" or "a Lesbian". Don't say "the Phone was engaged", as engaged means getting engaged for marriage. Instead say "there was a busy tone". Don't walk/sit with arms around the shoulders, or too close of anybody

Do's and Dont's of American Student Life

1. Never pick at your nose in public. 2. Never talk about someone's weight --"you are very fat". 3. Never ask "how much did you pay for that" or "how much money do you make". 4. Never smoke indoors (unless given permission). 5. Never change the TV station, the air conditioner or fan controls in someone else's home. If you are cold, put on a sweater. 6. Never hit anybody - animal or human. 7. Never talk about the bathroom. 8. Never spend more than 5 to 10 minutes on someone else's phone. 9. Never bring a friend with you to a party or dinner - unless you have asked the host if it is okay. 10. Never spend more than 20-30 minutes in the bathroom at one time--others may be waiting. 11. Never burp, belch, or pass gas in public - if you do be sure and say, "excuse me". 12. If you sneeze in public, cover your mouth and say "excuse me". 13. Always be on time - between 5 minutes early and 5 minutes late, no more.

14. If you say that you will attend something--attend! Don't say "yes" to be nice and then not show up. 15. If for some reason you cannot attend, call the host ahead of time to explain. 16. Use deodorant and brush your teeth or use mouthwash. Americans are very sensitive about body odors. 17. Driving - do not honk the horn, except in very dangerous emergencies. It is considered very rude, except in New York City. 18. Do not flash your lights at someone to tell them to hurry or get out of your way. 19. If you are driving on bright lights for better visibility and a car comes toward you, dim your lights. 20. Before 8 AM and after 9 PM Be Quiet. No loud TV or radio. 21. Do not wipe off your cup or silverware in a restaurant. They are clean. If you see that they are not clean ask the waiter or waitress for a new one. 22. When moving out of your dorm room or apartment-leave it clean. always leave a place even cleaner than you found it--people will have fond memories of you. 23. Do not address your school teacher as "teacher". Call him by name: for example, Professor Brown, Mr. Smith, Ms, Jones. 24. Never throw trash on the ground or out a window--it is illegal. 25. Buy trash bags for your trash and put it out only at the appointment time at the right place. 26. When you have a guest come to visit, turn down, or off the TV set.

Sri mathe ramanujaya namaha