Quraysh - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Lineage
The Quraish is were a branch of the Kinana branch, which descended from the Khuzaimah, which
descended from Elias bin Mudar, who descended from Adnan. The Quraish remained completely
disunited until Qusai bin Kilab managed to rally their ranks on honourable terms attaching major
clarify
[ ]
prominence to their status and importance .[1] After the introduction of Islam, the Quraish gained
supremacy and produced the three dynasties of the Ummayads, Abbasids and Fatimides, which ruled as
Caliphs.

[edit] Early history

For several generations the Quraish were spread about among other tribal groupings. About five
generations before Muhammad the situation was changed by Qusai ibn Kilab. By war and diplomacy he
assembled an alliance that delivered to him the possession of the Meccan Sanctuary (the Kaaba). He
then gathered his fellow tribesmen to settle at Mecca, where he enjoyed such adulation from his kin that
they adjudged him their de facto king, a position that was enjoyed by no other descendant of his.

[edit] Arab lineages

According to traditional legends, Arab lineages allegedly originate from three groups:

1. Perished Arabs (••••• •••••••): These are the ancients of whose history little is known. They
include ‘Ad, Thamûd, Tasam, Jadis, Imlaq and others.
2. Pure Arabs (••••• •••••••): They allegedly originated from the progeny of Ya‘rub bin Yashjub bin
Qahtan bin Hud so were also called Qahtanian Arabs.
3. Arabized Arabs (••••• •••••••••): They allegedly originated from the progeny of Ishmael and
were also called ‘Adnanian Arabs. The Quraish are a branch of the "Arabized Arabs".

The Quraish had become a prominent tribe in Mecca before the birth of Muhammad and essentially
ruled the city. Before Muhammad's birth, the tribe had split into different clans, each with different
responsibilities. There were some rivalries among the clans, but these became especially pronounced
during Muhammad's lifetime. Some clan leaders did not appreciate Muhammad's claim of prophethood
and tried to silence him by putting pressure on his uncle, Abu Talib. Many of the clans also began to
persecute the followers of Muhammad, for example by boycotting them. This response led Muhammad
to initially send some Muslims to Ethiopia, and later would lead to his own emigration to Medina.

After Muhammad's conquest of Mecca in 630, he pardoned many of those who had oppressed him

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before, and peace among the different clans was maintained. After Muhammad's death, clan rivalries
reignited, playing central roles in the conflicts over the Caliphate and contributing to the Shi'a-Sunni
divide.

[edit] Clans

Quraish branched out into various sub-clans, who in turn branched out into yet further sub-clans.
Roughly the division corresponded to the family lines of the current chieftain of that clan having sons.

● Banu Quraish — Quraish was divided into several sub-clans.

❍ Banu Abd-al-dar — sub-clan of Quraish

❍ Banu Abd al-Manaf — sub-clan of Quraish
[1]
■ Banu Nawfal — sub-clan of Banu Abd Manaf, clan of Mut`im ibn ‘Adi
■ Banu Muttalib — sub-clan of Banu Abd Manaf
■ Banu Hashim — sub-clan of Banu Abd Manaf, clan of Muhammad and Ali.
■ Banu Abd Shams — sub-clan of Banu Abd Manaf, parent clan of Banu Umayyad.
■ Banu Umayyah — sub-clan of Banu Abd Shams, clan of Abu Sufyan and

Uthman ibn Affan

❍ Banu Makhzum — sub-clan of Quraish, clan of Khalid ibn al-Walid

❍ Banu Zuhrah — sub-clan of Quraish, clan of Sa'ad ibn Abi Waqqas
❍ Banu Taim — sub-clan of Quraish, clan of Abu Bakr
❍ Banu Adi — sub-clan of Quraish, clan of Umar ibn al-Khattab
❍ Banu Asad — sub-clan of Quraish, clan of Abd-Allah ibn al-Zubayr and Khadijah
■ Banu Mustaliq — sub-clan of Banu Khuza'a,

(uncategorized Quraish sub-clans)

● Banu Jumah

● Banu Sahm - Amr ibn al-As

● Banu Zahra

[edit] Leaders of the Quraish

The leaders of Quraysh, who formed Mecca's aristocracy upon the appearance of Muhammad, were
referred to as the Leaders of the Quraysh (Arabic: Sadat Quraysh).

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A list of them include:

● Utba ibn Rabi'ah

● Abu Lahab
● Abu Sufyan ibn Harb
● Mughirah ibn Abd-Allah
[2]
● Abu Jahl.
[2]
● Umayyah ibn Khalaf
[3]
● Suhayl ibn Amr
[3]
● Akhnas ibn Shariq

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