Ph1b Analytical Homework Solutions 9

Mingshr Lin (mlin@caltech.edu) ,Winter 2009

9.1

Purcell 4-16 (5 points)

R1 (R0 + R1 ) + R1 . R1 + (R0 + R1 )

We will nd the equivalent resistance rst, and equate it to R0 : R0 = Solve for R1 :

2 2 2 2R0 R1 + R0 = R0 R1 + R1 + 2R1 + R0 R1 R0 R1 = . 3

9.2

Purcell 4-18 (5 points)

I = /(R + Ri ),

Let P = the power dissipated in resistor R. Since the current 2 R (R + Ri )2 2 (R + Ri ) 2R(R + Ri ) Ri R dP = 2 = 2 4 dR (R + Ri ) (R + Ri )3 For R = Ri , dP/dR = 0. Also, dP/dR < 0 for R > Ri and dP/dR > 0 for R < Ri . So the condition for maximum is true. P = I 2R =

9.3

Purcell 4-22 (5 points)

The equivalent voltage is when the ends A and B are open. Then the voltage drop is VT = 60 Volts. The equivalent current is when we short the circuit between A and B. Then the current IT is 120 10 IT = = 3Amp. 1 + 151 )1 + 10 (10 10 + 15 So the Thevenin equivalent circuit has a battery of 60 Volts and resistance of 20 Ohms. For maximum power in R, we need R = 20 Ohms; and the power is I 2 R = (60/40)2 20 = 45 Watts.

9.4

Purcell 4-25 (5 points)

I= V0 t/RC dQ = e . dt R
t

From eq (34) on page 160,

So the charge left in the capacitor at time t is V0 C V0 R es/RC ds = V0 Cet/RC .

0

Assume V0 = 100 Volts and C = 1 mF, so the capacitor is charged to Q0 = 104 Coulombs. Let t0 = RC be the time constant. When there is only one electron left, which equals 1.6 1019 Coulombs, then the time t is 1.6 1019 et/t0 = , 104 or t 34t0 . If the time constant were 1 sec, then it takes only 34 seconds to get down to one electron. 1

9.5

Purcell 4-30 (5 points)

Let b = 2mm be the interval between the two plates, and x be the distance from the left plate. From Problem 3.24, we know that x Q = 2e . b So dQ 2ev I= = . dt b Because v = 108 cm/sec, e = 4.8 1010 esu, and b = 0.2 cm, I = 0.48 esu/sec. The current pulse lasts for 0.2/108 = 2 nanoseconds. If the path slopes at 450 , then dx/dt = v cos 450 = 7.07 107 cm/sec, and I = 0.40 esu/sec. The current pulse lasts for 0.2/(7.07 107 ) = 2.8 nanoseconds. The current pulse is reduced in amplitude and stretched out in time. If the electrodes are concentric cylinders the current pulse has a dierent shape. FOr an iron moving radially at a constant speed v, we can show that I(t) = 1 vQ . ln(b/a) a + vt

Initially the inner and outer electrodes are neutral. Then a burst of alpha particles. modelled as a thin cylindrical shell of charge (with charge density ), leave the inner surface and begin traveling towards the outer one at speed v. Let the charge per length on the inner and outer cylinders be 1 and 2 respectively. By Gausss Law, we know that the radial electric eld is E = 2/r, where is the charge per length inside r. If the pulse is at a raridal distance x from the central axis. there are two dierent regions of electric eld: 21 E< = f or r < x r 2(1 + ) E> = f or r > x. r Since the two electrodes are connected by a wire, they are at the same potential. A line integral from the inner one ( at r = a) to the outer one (at r = b) gives
x b

E< dr +
a x a x b x

E> dr = 0 2(1 + ) dr = 0 r ln(x/b) . ln(b/a)

21 dr + r

1 ln(x/a) + (1 + ) ln(b/x) = 0 1 =

From this, multiplying by the length, we conclude that Q1 = Q I= ln(x/b) ln(b/a)

dQ1 dQ1 dx dQ1 = = v dt dx dt dx 2

I=

vQ d vQ (ln x ln b) = . ln(b/a) dx x ln(b/a)

The emitted particles are traveling at speed v, so x(t) = a + vt, and I(t) = This gives rise the pulse shape. vQ . ln(b/a)(a + vt)

9.6

Purcell 4-32 (5 points)

Figure 1: equivalent circuite First, we work out what R is, by noting that adding a new set of resistors to the front end of the chain does not change R. See Figure 1. So, RR2 R1 + = R. R + R2 Solving this we get 1 2 R1 + R1 + 4R1 R2 . 2 Now we show that voltages at successive nodes decrease geometrically (i.e., V V0 rn for some constant r < 1). R+

Figure 2: Notation of the circuit Label the voltages V0,1,2,... and currents I0,1,2,... as in Figure 2. Then, one can see that (voltage drop across a resistor) Vi Vi+1 = R1 Ii where i = 0, 1, 2, 3, ... Vi . R (See the equivalent circuit) Substituting this in, we get Ii = Vi+1 = Vi 1 R1 R Vn = V0 1 R1 R
n

where we can write

For Vn = 1 Vn1 , we require that (1 R1 /R) = 1/2, i.e., R = 2R1 . Plug into previous formula for R to get 2 2R1 = R = 1 R1 + 2
2 R1 + 4R1 R2

2 2 9R1 = R1 + 4R1 R2

R1 1 = R2 2 Finally, to terminate the ladder, we only need to replace the resistor to the right of the last stage by R. See Figure 3. This is because the ladder to the right is equivalent to the whole ladder since ( a f inite number) = )

Figure 3: Termination of circuit