63

atmifpdk;

1950 ckESpyf wf0ef;usif &efukewf uúokvd f jrefrmpm toif;

0w¬KwdkNydKifyGJwGif *sme,fausmfOD;cspfarmif\ qkudk qGwfcl;
&&SdoGm;cJhaom0w¬Kwkdq&m? aemuf ½Ir0r*¾Zif;wGif ]vSnf;,Of
aMumhaMumh} 0w¬Kwdkjzihf pmayavmuwGif pwifajccsvmaom
tnm"avh0w¬Kwdkrsm;jzihyf if awmobm0aemufcH o½kyrf Sef 0w¬K
wdkq&m jzpfvmaom ]atmifpkd;}onf jrefrmpmayavmuü ESpf
aygif; 30ausmf xif&Sm;cJhonhf pma&;q&mBuD;wpfOD; jzpfygonf/
o½kyrf Se?f ½dkrefwpf? (tcspfESihf tdraf xmifa&;0w¬Kwdkrsm;)? bmom
jyef0w¬Kwdkrsm;? aqmif;yg;rsm; a&;om;jyKpkcJhavonf/

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64

cspfvif

atmifpdk;

&nfrGefOD;pmay
 65

cspfvif

vlYb0wGif vifwpfa,muf &Szd kYdvk\ d / vifonf vdktyf aom

ypön;f jzpf\/ r,m;udk ]r&Srd aumif;? &Srd aumif;}[k qdv k Qif vifonf
]r&S d v J a umif ; ? &S d v J a umif ; }aom ypö n f ; jzpf \ / od k Y a omf
t0wftpm;vdk xnfvJawmhrvdk/
rdwkwrf Sm vifwpfa,mufrQ r&Sad cs/
ajrmufavonf w&SJ&SJwdkufcwfvsuf&Sd\/ wpfcsDwpfcsD
Murf;\/ wpfcsDwpfcsD tm;aysmh\/ odkYaomf tqufrjywf/
ESi;f rIerf sm;onf wpfavmuvHk; jynfhatmif zHk;aeavonf/
vif;aeaom va&mifyif? ESif;rIefrsm;aMumihf rIefrTm;rTm;om
vif;Edkif&Sm\/ cyfvSrf;vSrf;u yJ½dk;yHk;BuD;udk ESif;awGMum;rSm
½dk;wdk;&dww f wd o f m jrif&avonf/ awmpyfrS awmacG;rsm;u 0lueJ
0lueJ tlvdkufMuavonf/ wdk;wdk;wpfrsdK;? us,fus,fwpfzHk/

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66 atmifpdk;

rdwkwo f nf olYab;uuav; vefYEkd;ao;ovm;[k apmif;iJhMunfh

vdku\ f / tat;vHkatmif t0wfpkwu f av;udk vnfyif;em;txd
vTr;f ay;vdkuo f nf/
rdwkwfrSm zatratvnf;r&Sd? aep&mvnf;r&Sd? bmqkd
bmrSr&S/d rdwkwcf srf;omorQ 'DorD;uav; wpfa,mufom&S\ d /
'Daumifrav;arG;vmrS rdwkww f iG f &mxl;awGwkd;cJh\/ &yf&mG u
csD;jr§ihMf uaom &mxl;/ ]]vifaumifray:bJ arG;owJh}} ]]zatvJ
r&Syd gbl;at}} ]]&Syd gowJh? tJ[kd... 0&rf;ajy;aumifav}} ]]b,f
olrS aoaocsmcsm rodygbl;at}}... ponfjzihf.../
rdwkwfum; vlYjynfwGif cspfp&mwpfa,muf &vmcJhNyD/
auR;p&mvJ rdryd g;pyftjyif yg;pyfwpfayguf &vmcJhNyD/ b,folawG
bmajymajym udk,v f kyrf S udk,pf m;&onf/ wpfaeYrvkyv f Qif wpfaeY
iwfrnf/
avuvJ wdkuv f kduo f nfhjzpfjcif;/
ESi;f uvJ usvdkuo f nfhjzpfjcif;/
orD;uav;udk vufuprf;vdkuNf yD; jyefajymif;atmufarh
vdkurf o d nf/ onfvkad jryJay:csed rf sKd ;? rdwkwrf arh? wpfoufvHk;rarh/

tnma'owGif ajryJazmfaom&moDü ,morm;rsm;onf

ajryJvkyif ef;udk tptqHk;vkyEf kid &f ef ,mxJrSm wJxkd;í pcef;csMu
&onf/ qD;csdKyif&mG \ ywf0ef;usif ,mcif;rsm;üvnf; ajryJay:

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cspfvif 67

csdeüf ,mwJuav;rsm; tpDt&D xdk;MuavNyD? ajryJqw G ?f ajryJ

avSY ajryJqHjym? ajryJaumuf atmufajcodr;f pm&if;iSm;tvkyf
vky&f if; wpfaumif<uuf rdwkwo f nfvnf; OD;cspfomwdkY ,mxJ
a&mufvmcJh&onf/ ,m&SifauR;aom xrif;udkpm; aexGufu
ae0ifxd tvkyv f yk Ef iS fh ,m&Siaf e&mcsay;aom wJaxmihcf ef; av;rSmyJ
auG;ítdy&f onf/ vkyif ef;tm;vHk;NyD;pD;rS ,m&Siu f pm&if; &Si;f í
aiGacsrnf/ onfavmufqkdvQif rdwkwt f zdkY vljzpfusdK;eyfayNyD/
wpfn...
oufBuD;acgif;cs tcsdeaf vmuf/
ajrmufavonf w&SJ&SJwkducf wfvsuf &S\ d / wpfcsDwpfcsD
Murf;\/ wpfcsDwpfcsD tm;aysmh\/ odkYaomf tqufrjywf/
,mcif;wpfcif;vHk; ESi;f zHk;aeaomaMumihf cku d cf ku
d w
f kef atmif
csrf;\/ va&mifcrsm rIefwdrIef0g;om vif;xdefEdkif&Smavonf/
awmacG ; tçrsm;u wpf c suf w pf c suf awmpyf r Saeí
tlvku d af omtcg MuufoD;xp&maumif;\/ rdwkwrf Sm tdyí f raysm/f
aMumufvkdY awmhr[kw/f NcHKp&mapmifxlxl r&Sad omaMumihw f nf;/
]]rdwkw}f }
cyftkyt f kyaf c:oHjzpf\/ cyftkyt f kyaf c:aomaMumihf ½kwf
w&uf rMum;rd/
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aemufwpfcg xyfac:rS rdwkwMf um;\/ vSr;f Munfh\/
vl&yd jf rif\/ b,folb,f0gruGJ/ xdkvlu a&SUodkYwkd;ívm\/
]]igyg[}}

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68 atmifpdk;

,D;wD;,dik w f ikd f yHpk EH iS fh vHck snwf wdk 0kd wfxm;onf/ apmif Murf;
npf n pf y wf y wf w pf x nf NcH K xm;ao;onf / rk w f q d w f
a,mifa,mifukdvnf; jrif&\/ {uEÅ bcspfygyJ/ rdwkwu f rxl;?
toHray;/ qdwq f w d af ejcif;onf pum;tcGe;f aygif;rsm;pGmxuf
t"dyÜg,f&\ Sd / onfvkt d csed ?f onfvkt d cgrSm bcspb f mvdkYvmoenf;/
rdwkwfod\/ bmhaMumihf rxl;oenf;/ rdwkwfod\/ odaom
rdwkwo f nf rodcsifa,mifaqmif\/ rdwkwu f m; rde;f rom;/
bcspfonf &dyu f eJ wJxJ0ifvkdu\ f / rdwkwaf b;rSm xdki\ f /
tjyifbufu tvif;a&mif NydK;jyufjzihjf rif&aom rdwkwf wpfukd,f
vHk;udk odrf;usHK;Munfh\/ rdwkwfab;rS vSJcsvdkufNyD; rdwkwf
wpf u d k , f v H k ; ud k od r f ; usH K ;zuf v d k u f a vonf / rd w k w f
wpfukd,v f Hk;um; aEG;vsuyf lvsu/f olwkdY cspw f if;aESmMuavonf/
olwkdY\arGU&mum; þ0oHkajrBuD;omwnf;/
&GmxJu vkvifjyefMuufweG \ f / wpfcgwGe\ f / bcspfrjyef
ao;/ ESpcf gwGe\ f / bcspv f l;vJx\/ ab;rSmcsxm;aom "m;ajr§mif
udk cg;rSmxdk;\/ ]]igoGm;r,f}}[k avoHjzihaf jym\/ rdwkwu f
bmpum;rSrajym/ bcspfonf wJtjyifokdY w&Sed x f kd;xGuaf jy;oGm;
avonf/ wJab;u acG;eDBuD;onf bcspfvmaomtjzpf? jyef
aomtjzpfwkdYukd tdyrf ufyifrrufvkdu/f
rdwkwfvif&avNyD/ rdbr&Sdawmhí rdbuay;pm;aom
vifum;r[kw/f obm0u ay;pm;aom vifjzpf\/ olr touf
20 ausmfcJhNyD/ onfvifwpfa,mufom &zl;ao;onf/ odkYaomf
olYvifum; 0&rf;ajy;/

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cspfvif 69

bcspfukdrS vifrawmf&vQif rdwkwu f kd r,m;awmfrnfhol

onf&mG wpf0kdurf Sm b,folrSr&S/d rdbrJh wpfaumif<uuftjyif?
cg;wkwf? zifwkwf t½kyfuqdk;ao;onf/ b,fumvom;urS
bmpdwrf Srul;cJh/

bcspfum; cdk;rI? "m;jyrIwkdYjzihf 0&rf;ajy;ae&ol jzpfonf/

qD;csKd yifwpf0ku d u
f vlcsr;f omtdrrf Seo f rQ ol "m;jy rwdkubf l;aom
tdrrf &S/d
aemufxyf 4-5-10 navmuf bcspf rdwkwfqDudk
vmavonf/ n oef;acgifausmrf S vm\/ vmwdki;f vmwdki;f rdwkwf
udk cspfwif;aESm\/ wpfcgwpf&H wJxJuvlawG Edk;rnfpdk;í
yJ½;kd yHMk um;xJ oGm;Muonf/ yJ½;kd yHx
k rJ mS um; aEG;ae\/ apmifNcHKzdrYk vd/k
ab;vlMum;rSmvJ rpdk;&dr&f /
rdwkwu
f bcspftm; ]]bmvdkYckd;qdk;aeovJ}}[k ar;Munfh
\/ tonf;uvDpmMum;u vmaomar;cGe;f /
bcspfu vlcsrf;omawGrSm ydkíydkí csrf;omaeaMumif;?
vlrGJawGrSm ukef;aumufp&mr&Sdatmif rGJoxufrGJaeaMumif;?
vlcsrf;omawGukd tvdkvkdae&if; jrifjyif;uyfaeaMumif;? t*Fvyd f
tpdk;&\ Oya'uvnf; vlrJGawGukd ESyd pf ufaeaMumif;? bmaMumif;
jzifh wwforQ rSwforQajz\/ xdkacwfum; t*Fvdyftpdk;&
tkycf sKyfaeaom acwfjzpf\/
bcspfrSm axmifvnf;uszl;onf/ NrdKUjyifuEém;vnf;

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70 atmifpdk;

a&mufzl;onf/ rdwkww f kdYxuf q,fqru ESHYpyfonf/ rdwkwo f nf

bcspfpum;udk cRif;csufr&Sd ,HkMunfavonf/ bmrS rar;awmh/
bmpum;rS rqdkawmh/
]]ig eihu f kd ,lrSmyg[m}}
bcspfuqdk\/ rdwkwu f ,Hk\/ bmvdkao;oenf;/ odkYaomf
vdkaomt&mudk rdwkww f kdY bcspfwkdY rodEkdiMf u/
wpfnwGif cgwdki;f vdkyif bcspfa&mufvm\/ wJxJ0ifí
rdwkwEf Siht f wltyd \ f / wpfa&; ESpaf &;&\/ vkvifjyefMuuf wpfcg
ESpcf gru wGe\ f / bcspfjyef&ef wJxJu txGuw f iG f wHpufNrdwuf kd
acgif;ESihw f kdurf í d &SJueJ toHjrnfomG ;\/ acG;eDBuD; veYEf kd;\/
vl&yd jf rifí a[mif\/ rdwkwu f xef;vsufvHk;uav; ypfay;í
acsmyh gao;onf/ r&yg/ bcspf wpfBudK;xJajy;\/ odaYk omfww J pfv;kH ?
ywf0ef;usifu wJtm;vHk; Edk;Mu\/ olck;d olckd;[k atmf\/ vl vl
[pf\/ &&mwkw"f m;qGJí bcspfaemufokdY vdkuMf uonf/ ,mcif;
awGtvGef awmpyfwpfae&mrSm bcspu f krd DSonf/ bcspu f "m;ajr§mif
jzihcf kcH\/ odkYaomf tiftm;u wpfa,mufESihf wpf&m/
vlwpfa,mufu vlwpfa,mufudk owfvQif vlowfrI
jzpf\/ vlwpf&mu wpfa,mufukd owfaomtcg (odkYr[kw)f
vlaumif;wpf&mu vlqkd;wpfa,mufukd owfaomtcg bmrIjzpfzkdY
vdkoenf;/
rdwkwfwpfa,muf wdwfwdwfykef; rkqdk;rjzpf&jcif;om
tzwfwifcJhavownf;/

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cspfvif 71

rdwkww f iG f udk,af v;vuf0ef &Sv d mcJh\/

&yf&Gmtvdktm;jzihf vifaumifray:cJh/ bcspfuav;yg[k
ajymaomfvnf; r,HkcsifMu/ ,Hk&atmifuvnf; rdwkwcf rsm ola|;
orD;BuD; r[kwcf Jh/ r[kw½f Hkru qD;csdKyif&mG \ atmuftusqHk;
vlYtvTmrS atmufem;u zkefrIefYuav;omjzpf\/ rdwkwfum;
ypön;f rJhrS a&ra&maom? aq;rokwaf om ypön;f rJhtppf/
xdkYaMumihf bcspf\uav;qdkonfukd r,HkMujcif;rSm rxl;
qef;/ ,m&SiBf uD; OD;cspo f muyif olYtrd &f yd u
f kd reif;apcsif ovdkvkd
jzpfvm\/ onf[mESihfrNyD;ao;/ ]][Jh... aumifr? nD;[mu
wpfoufvHk; &Sufp&mBuD;jzpfaerSm[Jh? aemufydkif;u vufonf
a':csKyfBuD;eJY apmapmpD;pD; vkyyf pf}}[k oufBuD;0gBuD; (odkYaomf)
tusiho f u d ©mrBuD;vSaom &yfxJ&mG xJrS rde;f rBuD;rsm;u tBuHay;
Mujyef\/ rdwkwu f rvIy/f
tb,ftaMumif;aMumihf vlwdkYonf vljzpfvmtHhaom
toufwpfacsmif;udk BudKwifokwo f ifvkMd uoenf;/ zcifonf vlqk;d
jzpfcsifjzpfrnf/ vlaumif; jzpfcsifjzpfrnf/ zcif\ qdk;aom
jypf'PfwdkYudk arG;vmtHhaomuav;ü uscHapoihfygoavm/
rdwkwrf od? rpOf;pm;/
rdwkwfodonfum; uav;udkarG;xkwf&rnf/ jyKpk&rnf/
vlvm;ajrmufatmif EdkUcsdKwdkuaf uR;&rnf/ tpmauR;&rnf/ vlY
avmuwGif vlwpfa,mufwkd;ap&rnf/
om;aumif;rdcifwdkY\wm0efudk rdwkwfaus>yefygonf/
,m&SiBf uD; OD;cspfom\ tdrw f HpufNrdwEf Sihf EGm;wif;ukyt f Mum;?

&nfrGefOD;pmay
7 2 atmifpdk;

wif;wdrpf kwpf kwf um&Htyfaom tcef;usOf;ü rmwmrdwkwo f nf

xdkrnfaom orD;OD;&wemudk wevFmaeYeHeuf jrefrmpuf av;em&D
tcsdefwGif zGm;jrifNyD;ajrmufcJhavonf/ wpf&yf wpf&GmvHk;\
]]zsufcs[Jh}} [laom tqdktrdeYfukd awmfvSeí f &J&Jawmuf atmif
jrifxajrmufpmG arG;zGm;cJhavonf/ aMomf... aumif; avpG? aumif;
avpG/

rdbu ay;ay;? obm0u ay;ay;? udk,Bf udKufvkdY a&G;a&G;

vifonf vifomjzpf\/ wjcm; bmrSrjzpf/
rdwkwwf iG f vif&zl;\/ obm0uay;aom vif/
odkYaomf rdwkwu f m; olYtodw&m;ESihyf if vifukd t0wf
tpm;vdk xnfvJr0wf/ NrdKUBuD;jyBuD;u tpfrrsm;udk twkrcdk;/
'DwpfoufrSm 'Dvifwpfa,mufyJ &zl;ygavonf/ wpfyifvJí
wpfyifxlzkdYvnf; pdwrf ul;tm;/
rdwkwo f nfum; udk,v f kyrf S udk,pf m;&jcif;jzpf\/ wpfaeY
vkyrf S wpfaeYpm;&rnf/ vifpw d of m;pdwx f uf 0rf;0zdkY? wdk;vmaom
yg;pyfwpfayguftwGuf pm;p&m&Szd kdYukdom pdwu f l;&onf/ vuf&Sd
taetxm;wGiu f m; rdwkwrf Sm vifwpfa,mufrSr&Syd g/
þorD;uav;um; rdwkwf\ udk,fykdifypönf;? rdwkwf
csrf;omorQ þorD;av;wpfa,mufom &Sad vonf/ wjcm;bmrQ
r&S/d rdbr&S/d om;csif;r&S/d aqGrsdK;r&S/d aep&m wJr&S/d ajcovHk;

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cspfvif 73

tdrw f kdio
f mjzpf\/
ESi;f rIerf sm;onf ,mcif;wpfcif;vH;k jynfah tmifz;kH aeav onf/
va&mifyifvQif vif;xdefatmif romEdkif/ cyfvSrf;vSrf;u
yJ½kd;yHkBuD;udk ESi;f awGMum;0,f ½dk;wdk;&dyw f wd f jrifae&avonf/
wpfcsufwpfcsufwiG f awmpyfrS(acG;t)rsm;u tlvsuf&S\ d / rdwkwf
onf olYab;&Sd &ifaoG;orD;uav; vefYíEdk;vmavovm;[k
apmif;iJhMunfhvdkuf\/ tat;vHkatmif t0wfpkwf uav;udk
vnfyif;em;txd vTr;f ay;vdkuaf vonf/
onforD;uav;aMumihf rdwkwt f m; &yf&mG u bGJUtrsdK;rsdK;
csD;jr§ihf c JhMuonf / ]]vif a umif r ay:bJarG ; o[Jh}}
]]zatr&Syd gbl;at}} ponfjzihf *kPjf yKMu\/ odkYaomf rdwkwu f
rwkev f Iy/f
olYvif b,folb,f0gqdkonfukd olom todqHk;/ ol\
tusihfodu©mudk olomtodqHk;/ udk,fhvdyfjymvHkaeaomaMumihf
jcaoFhBuD;a[mufaomfrS raMumufyg/
rdwkwt f zdkY b,folawG bmyJajymajym udk,v f kyrf S udk,f
pm;&onf/ wpfaeYrvkyv f Qif wpfaeYiwfrnf/ pm;&rnfhyg;pyfu
ESpfayguf/
avuvJ wdkuv f kduo f nfhjzpfjcif;/
ESi;f uvJ usvdkuo f nfhjzpfjcif;/

atmif p d k ;
2001 ckESpf? Mo*kwfvxkwf pdrf;a&mifvGifr*¾Zif;

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