04 Review Literature

Review of Literature
Review of the drug I. Vedic Period1 Reference regarding the plant Langali is available in Atharva Veda. In dwiteeya khanda it is told as Halaavayva and does the shamana of various rogas. It is mentioned as Vrishabha sirayukta and nivartaka of Peedayukta roga Again in thriteeya khanda its mentioned to be Paviravat that is does vipatana of Bhoomi, then it is said to be Sushimam having Karshana property and also referred as Somasatasaru. II. Samhita period Charaka Samhita:2 Acharya Charaka classified Langali under the Bhedaneeya gana and has included it under moolaja visha. He also quotes use of Langali moola to induce Sukaprasava in Jatisootra adhyaaya of shareerasthana2. Further in chikitsasthana there is reference regarding Langali moola in Kushtachikitsaadhyaaya for vataja and kaphaj kushta2. Sushrutha Samhita:3 Acharya Shusrutha classifies it under the Pippalyadigana and in
kaphsamshaman dravyas. He quotes its use in preparation of kshara. The application of moola is told in case of Garbhasanga and for Aparapatana. He also mentions Langali for Vrana shodhana and Bhagandhara shodhana.3 Sushrutha also mentions Langali in treatment of Kustha and Kaphaja arbuda He also mentions Langali as a ingredient in oil which is told to best in Unmanth Paste of its moola is indicated for Ajagallika.It also mentioned in Vatashonita chikitsa
Pharmacognostic
and Phytochemical study of langali (gloriosa superba linn) w.s.r.t its shodhana
Review of Literature In uttaratantra he quotes the use of Langali moola in case of Gulma, Hridroga and Shwasa.3 Ashtanga Sangraha4 Sangrahakara have grouped it under Arkadi gana naming it as Vishalya. He quotes its properties as Laghu, Sara, Ruksha and Tikta. In Case of aparasangh he prescribes this moola to be applied to the sole and palm. It also quoted in case of arsha and for vrana Shodhana.4 Ashtanga Hridhaya:5 Vagabhat classify Langali under Arkadi gana referring it as Vishalya. He tells the use of moola in case of Teekshna kshara In case of grabha sang Vagabhat tells to fumigate the vagina with Langalika. He also mentions its use in Arsha, Udara and Kushta. It is specially mentioned in case of sarvadoshaja Vatarakta for internal use. The nasya of oil prepared from Langali and Suras is told in case of Indralupta. Its oil is also indicated in Vrana shodhana and Bhagandhara shodhana. Abhyanjana of oil prepared out of Langali moola is indicated in case of Granti, Arbuda and Pama. It is also told Sarpavishapratisheda.
In uttaratantra Vagabhat specially mentions about Rasayana effect of Langali Bhela Samhita:6 Bhela has mentioned Langali in Kustha Chikitsa told to use it with Karir, Danti, and Dravanti for bahirparimarjana. Chakradutta:7 Chakrapani mentions Sukaprasava yoga of Langali moola with other herbs. He also mention about use of Langali in Nashtashalya prayoga and in vranashotha.
Pharmacognostic
Review of Literature Yogaratnakar:8 It is mentioned under the Upavisha Varga. Its shodhana has been mentioned. Further he mentions its use in Krimi, Bhagandhara, Kushta, Kshudraroga, and Krimikarna and in Visha. Shrangdhara samhita:9 Mentioned under Upavisha Varga. Sharangdhara mentions it in case of Gandamala, Kilas and Kushta III. NIGHUNTU PERIOD: In nighantu we get references regarding Langali Bhavaprakash Nighantu:10 It is mentioned under Upavisha Varga and mentioned about 8 synonyms like Agnishikha, Garbhapatani, Halini, etc. and mentioned its two types as Stree, Purusha. Gunakarma as Ushna Katu ,Deepaka,Balyaand Vamaka.10 Raja Nighantu:11 Mentioned synonyms like Gunakarma mentioned as Sarak, Bastishoolahara, Krimighna, Shophahara11. Dhanwantari Nighantu:12 It is mentioned under Upavisha Varga. Halini, Kalikari, Vishalya, Nakta. Synonyms: Agnimukhi, Deepta,
Gunakarma; Ushna, tikta, katu & indicated in
Apachi, Vrana shodhana. Sarak, Shalya nirharana. In this nighantu, the synonyms of Jalapippali and Narikela are mentioned as langali.12
Shodala Nighantu:13
Pharmacognostic
Review of Literature Acharya Shodala classifies Langali in the karviradi Varga. He has further mentions its synonyms as Agnijihwa, Swarapushpika and Shikhimukhi. Shodala indicates this drug for Krimi, Kushta and for Vrana shodhana.13 Kaiyadev Nighantu:14 He classified Langali under the Varga. Synonyms; Vanhijihwa, Vanhimukha, Prabhata. nirharana, Krimi, Shopha, and Vishahara14. Shaligram Nighantu:15 Its synonyms have been mentioned as Kalikari, Deepta, Agnijiwha, Vanhishikha, Vanhivaktra, languli. He classifies it under guduchyadi varg and mentions its use for Kushta, Dushtavrana.15 Priya Nighantu:16 Author of this nighantu classifies this under Shatpushadi varg. He has added synonyms like Prokta, Vanhipushpa. And he mentions its qualities as Pittala, Garbhapatini and Krimighi.16 Gunakarma :kustha , Shalya
SYNONYMS:
Pharmacognostic
Review of Literature In Samhithas, Nighantus, several synonyms are used for denoting a drug. Naming of a drug is based on the popular name, nature, available place, resemblance, veerya etc. Table No 1:
SlNo. Synonyms 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. Langali Agnimukha Agnishikha Agnijihwa Ananta Dipta Garbhanuta Garbhapatani Halini Haripriya Indupushpika Kalikari Kandali Langalika Languli Prabhata Pramatta Pushpasurabha Nakta Shakrapusphi Shikhimukhi Swarnapushpi ka Vanhivaktra Vishalya Vanjihwa Vanhimukhi Vranaharita Shiri
CS + +
S.S A.H + +
B.P K.N D.N S.N N.R M.N H.N N. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A +
+ + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
+ + + +
+ + + +
+ +
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
Meaning of Synonyms :17 Langali : It is looks like plough
Pharmacognostic
Review of Literature Agnimukha: Flowers are red colour and resemble fire. Agnishikha: Flowers are red colour and resemble fire Garbhapatani: It induces abortion. Garbhanuta: It destroys Garbha. Deepta : It stimulates digestive fire ( Agni deepana). Halini: It resemble Plough. Haripriya: It is liked by Lord Vishu. Kalikari: It is belived, that it creats quarells. Vishalya: It is used remove shalya(foriegn matter) from the body. Pushpasaurabha; Have beautiful flowers. Swarpushpika : Flowers are golden coloured initially then change to red colour. Vranaharita: It used to treat Dushta vrana. GUNA KARMA OF LANGALI In nighantus the guna of Langali is mentioned as Ushna and Teekshna. On the same lines the is told as Tikta, Katu but only in Bhavaprakash nighantu and Harityakyadi nighantu kashaya rasa is added to the previous. Vipaka of langali is told as Katu only in Bhavaprakash nighantu and Kaiyadeva nigahantu.Its virya is Ushna and Doshghnata is Kaphavatahara. KARMA: In Brihatrayee and Laghutrayee langali is well known for its Garbhapatana effect. 1. Garbhapatana(C.S) 2. Aparapatana(S. S) 3. Kushta (S.S) 4. Krimi(B.P) 5. Vrana shodhana(S.S)
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Review of Literature 6. Bastishoola (K.N) 7. Karna roga( A.H) 8. Indralupta(A.H) 9. Unmathana(S.S) 10. Shalya nirhana(D.N) 11. Vishahara(A.H) 12. Rasayana (A.H) 13. Apachi (S. 14. Granti(S.S) 15. Vatarakta(V.S) 16. Gandamala(A.S) 17. Shopha(B.P) 18. Arsha(H.N)
DIFFERENT FORMULATIONS OF LANGALI IN DIFFERENT AYURVEDIC TEXTS

1.Langali Rasayana (A.H.U) 2. Sukhaprasava yoga (C.D) 3. Nirgundi Tail (Y.R) 4.Kriminashaka Dhoopa (Y.R) 5.Nishadi Tail (Y.R) 6.Vishyandhana Tail (Y.R) 7.Gunjadi Udwartana (Y.R) 8.Krimikarna Yoga (Y.R) 9.Langali Nasya (Y.R) 10. Kasisadhya Tail (S.S)
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Review of Literature 11. Langali Tail (S.S) 12.Kankasindhura rasa (S.S) 13. Vishagarbha Tail (Y.R) 14. Langalyadi Gutika (G.N)18 15. Langalyadi Vatika (G.N)18 MYTHOLOGICAL REVIEW:19 In Valmiki Ramayana reference regarding langali is obtained. It is mentioned as Sanjivini, Vishalya, Mahoshadhi and refered as Suvarnakarani
TAXONOMICAL CLASSIFITION OF LANGALI20 Kingdom: Sub Kingdom Division Sub- Division Class Sub-class Order Family Sub-family Genus Species : Plantae : Tracheobiophyta : Magnoliophyta : Angiospermae : Monocotyledon : Liliidae : liliales : Liliaceae : Wurmbeodideae : Gloriosa : superba
Botanical Name : Gloriosa superba Linn. VERNACULAR NAMES21 English: Glory lily Hindi: Kalihari, Kalikari, Kathari, Kulhari, Langali
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Review of Literature Bengali: Bisha, Bishalanguli, Ulatchandal. Gujarathi: Shingdiovachanaga Kannada: Kolikutuma Malayalam: Kantal, Malattamara. Marathi: Karianag, Nagkaria, Indai. Punjabi: Mulim, Kariari. Tamil: Akkinichilam, Anaravam, Illangali, Irumbu, Kodai , Tondari. Telugu: Adavinabbhi, Agnisikha, Kalapagadda, Langali, Pottidumpa. Tulu: Balipapu, Kenakannadapu. Simhaleese: Neyaangalla, Niyangalla. Burmese: Simadon, Hseemeetouk. Canarease: Agmisikhe, Akkatangaballi, Huliyuguru, Nangulika, Kolikutuma. Java: Akarsoengsang. Oriya: Garbhhoghhatotono, Ognisikha, Panjangulia, Meheriaphhulo. Urdu : Kulhar, Kanol. Lushkar : Husangibdo, merkam-par Kano: Gudumarzomo Deccan: Naktabachhnag. CONTROVERSIAL ASPECTS OF LANGALI:22 Vaidya Bapalalji claims it to be non-poisonous. He quotes that Vagabhat in Astang Hrdaya has it as Rasayan so it should not be considered as Upavisha. The word Languli which synonym, may be confused with Langali. Even in Amarkosh, he gives synonym for Jalapippali as Langali. Charaka, Sushruta, and Vagabhata have
not mentioned the term Langali, latter writers like Bhavaprakash gave it. DESCRIPTION OF GENUS23
Pharmacognostic
13
Review of Literature Gloriosa Linn: Habitat: Climbing herbs Stem: Leafy, springing from a naked tuberous rootstocks. Leaves: Alternate, Opposite or 3- natelywhorled, lanceolate, strongly nerved with a long spiral tendril like apex. Flowers: Large, showy, axillary, solitary, pedicels reflexed at tip Perianth: Petaliod, persistent. Stamens: 6-Subequalspreading or reflexed, the margins often undulate, hypogynous, Filaments-filiform, anther-linear, dorsi-flexed, versatile, dehiscing. Gynaceium:Ovary-3-celled, Ovules-numerous in each cell Style-Filliform, deflexed with three subulet arms and stigmatous within. Fruit: Large, coriaceious, septicidal capsule. Seeds: Sub-globose: Testa spongy, wing like, embryo-cylindrical. Species-0824 1) G.superba. Linn 2) G.acuminatum Muell.Arg. 3) G. arborescens. Blume 4) G. hohenackeri. Bedd 5) G.littorale. Blume 6) G. neilgherrense. Wight 7) G. vcelutinum .Wight 8) G. zeylanicum. Juss MORPHOLOGY25 An herbaceous tall glabrous branching climber
Pharmacognostic
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Review of Literature ROOT STOCK: Arched, solid, fleshy white, cylindrical tuber, 15-30cm (length) X 2.5-3.8 cm (diameter), tapering at both the end, bifurcatlly branched forming V shape, roots fibrous. STEM: Annual 3-6 mts long, herbaceous, given off from the young tubers. LEAVES: Sessile or nearly so, 7.5cm to15cm X 2 to 4.5 cm, scattered or opposite or sometimes arises from the separation of the internodes, teranately whorled, ovate/ lanceolate, acuminate tip ending in a tendril like spiral, base cordate, nerves parallel.
FLOWERS: Large axillary, solitary or subcorymbose towards the end of the branches from the nearness of the leaves, remain about 7 days without withering, Pediciles-7.5-15 cm long, the tip is deflexed. Perianth- 6.3cmX8-13cm long, linear lanceolate.with crispy waved margins at first, then turn yellow passing through orange and scarlet to crimson red. Filament: 3.8-4.5cm long, anthers/spreading 13mm long, style-5cm long, and arms about 6mm long. FRUIT: Capsule about 2X4.5 cm, linear oblong, three celled. SEED: Sub-globose: Testa spongy, wing like. EMBRYO; Cylindrical HISTOLOGY OF RHIZOMES:26
Pharmacognostic
15
Review of Literature T.S. of rhizome shows 1. Single layered epidermis which is externally cuticularized 2. Epidermis followed by parenchyma which are polyhedral& circular 3. Starch grains are seen in outer layers of parenchyma, these are concentric striations, with hilum eccentric 4. Vascular bundles are scattered in parenchyma. 5. Xylem elements represented by trachea, tracheids and xylem parenchyma. 6. Phloem is composed of sieve tubes, companion cells and phloem parenchyma. (ind drugs)
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:27 Tropolone alkaloids are the main chemical constituents, besides these alkaloids it contain essential oil, Benzoic acid, 2-hydroxy-6-mehtoxybenzoicacid, Salicylic acid, Choline, Dextrose, Palmic acid, Phytosterol including stigma-sterol, a mixture of phytosterolins containing stigma sterol glycoside and some resinous matter, an enzyme which readily hydrolyses amygdaline is present. Major constituents: Alkaloids: Colchicine and Superbine are two main alkaloids present in Gloriosa superba. Alkaloids with Tropolone ring : Colchicine, 3-demethyl colchicines, N-deacetyl , N-formylcolchicine, Colchicecine, Colchicoside, Cornigerine, -lumincolchicine, Colchicinamide Minor constituents: sitosterol, (24)-24 methylcholest-5-en-3 -01, -24-ethylcholest-5-22-dien-3 -01, 24-ethylcholest-5-en-3 -o1.
Pharmacognostic
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Review of Literature It contain bitter principle superbine( C32 H60N2O17) perhaps identical with scillotoxin28 SUBSTITUTES AND ADULTERANTS:29 A very common adulterant of this drug is Costus specious Sm., which is also used as Kemuk in the Indigenous system of medicine as anthelmintic, antiinflammatory. Costus speciosus Sm. is sold in name of Gloriosa superba Linn. Both the drugs can be distinguished macroscopically. Kebuk is brown in colour and has bland odour and pungent taste
PROPOGATION AND CULTIVATION:30 The plant is grown from strong tubers. Gloriosa can be grown in almost all types of soils, both by rhizomes and by seeds but best soil for growing this plant is sandy loom. Ploughing or digging 2-3 times to a depth of 15-20 cm works out the soil. The soil is made uniform and finer by breaking soil particles. The beds are prepared suitably. this is a rainy season plant therefore sprout well when temperature is warm and humidity is high. Both the seeds and rhizomes are sown usually in the last week of June to mid of July. As there are only two buds at the extreme ends in each rhizome utmost care should be taken not to damage the rhizomes. The rhizomes are planted by splitting into two from their 'V' or 'L' shaped joints or are placed s such in the lines 20cms apart at the distance of 15-20 cm. The rhizomes are planted horizontally 5-6 cm. deep. About 33-35kg of seeds or 10-12 quintals of rhizomes may be sufficient for a hectare. They are watered moderately at the first but after green shoots appear above the ground, 2-3 showers are given in a week. Usually creeper takes 2-3 months time when they start wilting. Seeds are sown in lines at the distance of 4-6 cm apart about 15-20 days are required for germination, 3-4 year are to mature
Pharmacognostic
17
Review of Literature rhizome for blooming. The fruit ripen by the end of October and that the aerial shoot eventually dies, leaving the fleshy rhizome remaining underground. COLLECTION: The rhizomes are dug out with great care during November to December and are collected softly. Since rhizomes are very tender, therefore utmost care should be taken while harvesting. The average yield is approximately 40-50quintals of rhizome and 10 quintals of seed per hectare.
DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT:31
AFRICA Northeast Tropical Africa: Ethiopia; Somalia; SudanEast Tropica
lAfrica:Kenya; Tanzania; Uganda West Tropical Africa: Senegal South Tropica lAfrica: Mozambique Southern Africa: Botswana; Namibia; South Africa - Cape Province, Natal, Transvaal; Swaziland Western Indian Ocean: Madagascar
ASIA-TEMPERATE China:
ASIA-TROPICAL Indian Subcontinent: India; Nepal; Sri Lanka Indo-China: Cambodia; Laos; Myanmar; Thailand; Vietnam Malaysia: Indonesia - Celebes [s.], Java, Lesser Sunda Islands
Pharmacognostic
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Review of Literature FOLK PRACTICE:32 An extra-ordinary belief (superstition or tantric prabhava) is prevailed among rural folks in certain areas of country, that if roots of Langali if kept in house of someone may cause dispute & disturbance of relations between members of that house or two neighbors. It can create difference or cause psychological bad effects. Dosage:33 0.3gms-0.6gms is considered to be tonic Dose upto 0.75 is not toxic but beyond that it has toxic effects
Toxic Signs and Symptoms of Langali:34 If it is consumed in wet or dry form it causes Daruna Daha, Moha, Atisara, lastly Vibrama CLINICAL EFFECTS35 Acute poisoning Ingestion: Acute manifestations begin two to six hour after ingestion and consist of burning pain in the mouth and throat with thirst, followed by nausea, intense vomiting, colicky abdominal pain and severe diarrhoea with blood, leading to hypo tension an shock. Delirium, loss of consciousness, convulsions, respiratory distress, haematuria, oliguria, transient leucocytosis followed by leucopenia, thrombocytopenia with hemorrhages, anemia, muscle weakness which may progress to polyneuropathy are seen in the second or third day. Alopecia occurs 1 to 2 weeks after intoxication as a late manifestation in survivors. Course, prognosis, cause of death The commonest clinical presentation of poisoning is severe gastroenteritis with nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea with blood leading to dehydration, hypovolaemic, shock and acute renal failure. Muscle
Pharmacognostic
19
Review of Literature weakness, hypoventilation, ascending polyneuropathy, bone marrow depression and coagulation disorders are the other features of poisoning. Death in severe poisoning occurs due to shock or respiratory failure although haemorrhagic or infective complications may cause death after the first day. Systematic description of clinical effects Cardiovascular Heart - there is no direct effect on the heart, but fluid and electrolyte loss, often causes hypovolaemic shock manifested by hypo tension and tachycardia.
Respiratory Respiratory failure is thought to be due to the paralysis of intercostal muscles rather than the direct depression of the respiratory center by colchicine (Angunawela & Fernando, 1971). The patient may be dyspnoeic and cyanotic. Neurological Central nervous system (CNS) There is progressive paralysis of the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system (Wijesundere, 1986). Confusion and delirium may develop either secondary to poor cerebral perfusion or as a result of direct cerebral toxicity (Ellenhorn et al., 1996). It may also cause convulsions, restlessness and coma. Peripheral nervous system Ascending polyneuropathy, weakness and loss of deep tendon reflexes Skeletal and smooth muscle Colchicine could have a direct toxic effect on skeletal muscles causing muscular weakness. Rhabdomyolysis may occur with significant increase in muscle
Pharmacognostic
20
Review of Literature enzymes and myoglobinuria as a result of direct muscular damage. Muscle weakness that may persist for many weeks may contribute to respiratory deficiency Gastrointestinal Gastroenteritis including nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea with blood accompanied by colic and tenesmus. hypovolaemia. Hepatic Colchicine may exert direct hepatic toxicity with moderate cytolysis. Urinary Renal Any direct toxic effect of the toxin on kidney is not clear. Renal failure is probably secondary to excess fluid loss or hypovolaemia and is preceded by oliguria and haematuria. Proteinuria could also occur Endocrine and reproductive systems Vaginal bleeding has been reported as a feature of intoxication. Tubers are used as an abortifacient in some countries. Dermatological Alopecia usually occurs one or two weeks after the ingestion of G. superba. A case of generalized depilation has also been reported. Desquamative dermatitis has been reported as another dermatologic manifestation. Both these conditions can be attributed to the antimitotic activity of the colchicine and gloriosine. Eye, ear, nose and throat: local effects Subconjunctival hemorrhages have been observed. Burning and rawness of the throat may be early symptoms of toxicity. Loss of fluids and electrolytes leads to
Pharmacognostic
21
Review of Literature Antidote :36 Mishri is given with Takra as Anupana, Ghritapana is advised.
GOMUTRA
In classics gomutra is importance because of its potent properties and its Kshareeya property. It is classified under mootra varg in all classics and mentioned as shodhana dravya for various bheshaja. Reference regarding Gomutra is available in Vedas, Purans and many Dharmagranth; Gomutra is mentioned as one among Panchgavya. As cow is worshiped as 'Nandini', even its byproducts are considered as auspicious and thus used for various purposes. So Gomutra is known for its shodhana property of many herbs. Reference regarding Gomutra is available in all classics in mutra vargaand as been prescribed in treatment of many disorders. Mainly its Kshar guna is highlighted and mainly used preparations like Kshar basti etc. Selection of cow: Single coloured, lactating and healthy cow is preferred. Time of collection:
Pharmacognostic
22
Review of Literature Always collection is done in morning. Chemical composition:37 It contains various minerals- copper, iron, calcium, sodium, magnesium, potassium, phosphate, sulphur, chlorine, nitrogen, urea, uric acid, creatinine, purine bases, vitamins( A, B, D, E), hip uric acid, aurum hydroxide, pigments- urochrome and urobilin In addition to that depending on food and health condition it may contain foreign and pathological substances.
Organic constitutes: Urea Ammonia Uric acid Amino acids - 45gms -1gm 2.5gm - 2.5gms
Inorganic constituents: Chlorides Nitrogen Phosphates Sulphates Potassium Sodium Protein -15gms -50gms 1.2gms 1.3gms 2.8gms - 5gms Nil
Ketone bodies Nil Glucose Nil
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Review of Literature Distribution of nitrogen in %: Urea N Allantoin Creatinine N Ammonia N 74.07% - 3.68% 6.07% 0.48%
Hip uric acid N 4.18% Purine base N - 0.056% Uric acid 0.59%
Properties of Gomutra: Properties of gomutra: Acc to kayadeva nigantu:38
RASA: Katu, Tikta, Kshaya, Kinchit madhura. GUNA: Teekshna, kshaariya, laghu. VIRYA: Ushna. KAGMA: Pachaka, agnideepaka, bhadaka, medhya. DOSHAKRIYA: Kaphavata nashaka, pittakara. ROGANASHAN: Kusta, gulma, udara, shwasa, arsha, pandu, shoola. Acc to Raja nigantu:39
RASA: Katu, Tikta. GUNA: Ushna, laghu. VIRYA: Ushana. KAGMA: Deepana, medhya. DOSHAKRIYA: Kaphavatahara.
Pharmacognostic
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Review of Literature ROGANASHAN: Pittakara. Acc to Sushruta:40
RASA: Katu, kshariya GUNA: Teekshna, ushna, laghu. KAGMA: Deepana, medhya. DOSHAKRIYA: Kaphavata nashaka, pittakara. ROGANASHAN: Shoola gulma, udara, anaha. Acc to Yogaratnakara:41
RASA: Katu, Tikta, kshara. GUNA: Ushna, laghu. KAGMA: Deepana, medhya, sara, lekhana. DOSHAKRIYA: Kaphavata nashaka, pittakara. ROGANASHAN: Shoola gulma, udara, anaha
Pharmacognostic
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SHODHANA
Shodhana is done to remove the maladi vishas and impart more medicinal property. Uddishtairoushadhai saarddha kriyate peshanam Malavichchittaye yattu Shodhanam tadihochyate //( R. T.)42 SAMANYA SHODHANA FOR ALL VISHA :43 The visha drug is cut into small pieces keep it in gomutra. The drug should completely soaked in gomutra. Change the gomutra daily and add fresh gomutra. Repeat the same for 3 days. Dry it in sun light and store. Effect of Shodhana:43 Tadeva yukti yuktam tu praan daayi rasayanam I Pathyaashinaam tridoshagnam brimahanam veeryavardhanam II ( A.Pr.) After shodhana the substance that has under gone shodhana is imparted with medicinal properties, it becomes capable to subside all tridoshs, can do brimhana karm, works as rasayana. Shodhana of Langali: Langali shuddamayati dinam gomutrasamsthita /
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Review of Literature (Y.R.Vishaadikara) 44 Shodhana is done by soaking Langali in gomutra for one day
Pharmacognostic
27

04 Review Literature

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04 Review Literature

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Review of Literature

Gunakarma; Ushna, tikta, katu & indicated in

B.P K.N D.N S.N N.R M.N H.N N. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A +

Meaning of Synonyms :17 Langali : It is looks like plough

DIFFERENT FORMULATIONS OF LANGALI IN DIFFERENT AYURVEDIC TEXTS

DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT:31

AFRICA Northeast Tropical Africa: Ethiopia; Somalia; SudanEast Tropica

Ketone bodies Nil Glucose Nil

Properties of Gomutra: Properties of gomutra: Acc to kayadeva nigantu:38

Review of Literature ROGANASHAN: Pittakara. Acc to Sushruta:40

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