TeIevision (TV) is a telecommunication medium for transmitting and receiving moving images that can

be monochrome (black-and-white) or colored, with accompanying sound

Since the 1970s the availability of video cassettes, laserdiscs, DVDsand now Blu-ray Discs,

Television is one of the most important and reliable means of communication. It is a medium for
everybody whether a person is old or young. It can help students learn many things. Today in the
modern world it is very necessary for everybody to know about the outside world and the changes
that have come. Television is important as books if we use it in a correct way. its not that
they should television whole day without reading .they should watch television as a means of reading
.television and books can make students life easier





















%he presence in or introduction into the environment of a substance or thing that has harmful or
poisonous effects.


'arious Type of Pollution
Sound Pollution
Noise, by definition, is unwanted sound. What is pleasant to some ears may be extremely unpleasant
to others, depending on a number of factors. The natural environment contains many sources of noise
- wind, volcanoes, oceans, and animal sounds are all familiar intrusions accepted at various levels.
Man-made noises - from machines, automobiles, trains, planes, explosives and firecrackers, etc. - are
more contentious. Both kinds of noise affect sleep, hearing, communication, as well as mental and
physical health.
Pollution is a noun derived from the verb pollute, meaning: to foul. It is now increasingly understood
that pollution from noise is an important component of air pollution, which was previously understood
as being limited to material pollution. Noise is an inescapable by-product of the industrial
environment, which is increasing with advances in industrialization and urbanization. Even in non-
industrial areas, noise from such activities as printing, auto-repair, grinding, affects those living in the
immediate surroundings. Noise not only causes irritation or annoyance but also constricts the arteries,
and increases the flow of adrenaline and forces the heart to work faster. Continuous noise causes an
increase in the cholesterol level resulting in permanent constriction of blood vessels, making one
prone to heart attacks and strokes. Health experts are of the opinion that excessive noise can also
lead to neurosis and nervous breakdown.
Noise travels through air and hence it is measured in ambient air quality level. Noise is measured in
decibels. Experts believe that continuous noise levels in excess of 90 decibels can cause loss of
hearing and irreversible changes in nervous systems. The World Health Organization [WHO] has fixed
45 decibels as the safe noise level for a city. Metropolitan areas in India usually register an average
more than 90 decibels; Mumbai is rated the third noisiest city in the world, with New Delhi following
closely.

Waste and Water Pollution
When toxic substances enter lakes, streams, rivers, oceans, and other water bodies, they get
dissolved or lie suspended in water or get deposited on the bed. This results in the pollution of water
whereby the quality of the water deteriorates, affecting aquatic ecosystems. Pollutants can also seep
down and affect the groundwater deposits.
Today, many people dump their garbage into streams, lakes, rivers, and seas, thus making water
bodies the final resting place of cans, bottles, plastics, and other household products. The various
substances that we use for keeping our houses clean add to water pollution as they contain harmful
chemicals. In the past, people mostly used soaps made from animal and vegetable fat for all types of
washing. But most of todays cleaning products are synthetic detergents and come from the
petrochemical industry. Most detergents and washing powders contain phosphates, which are used to
soften the water among other things. These and other chemicals contained in washing powders affect
the health of all forms of life in the water.
The effects of water pollution are not only devastating to people but also to animals, fish, and birds.
Polluted water is unsuitable for drinking, recreation, agriculture, and industry. It diminishes the
aesthetic quality of lakes and rivers. More seriously, contaminated water destroys aquatic life and
reduces its reproductive ability. Eventually, it is a hazard to human health. Nobody can escape the
effects of water pollution

ir Pollution
One of the formal definitions of air pollution is as follows - `The presence in the atmosphere of one or
more contaminants in such quality and for such duration as is injurious, or tends to be injurious, to
human health or welfare, animal or plant life. It is the contamination of air by the discharge of
harmful substances. Air pollution can cause health problems and it can also damage the environment
and property. It has caused thinning of the protective ozone layer of the atmosphere, which is leading
to climate change.
Modernisation and progress have led to air getting more and more polluted over the years. Industries,
vehicles, increase in the population, and urbanization are some of the major factors responsible for air
pollution. The following industries are among those that emit a great deal of pollutants into the air:
thermal power plants, cement, steel, refineries, petro chemicals, and mines.
Air pollution results from a variety of causes, not all of which are within human control. Dust storms in
desert areas and smoke from forest fires and grass fires contribute to chemical and particulate
pollution of the air. The source of pollution may be in one country but the impact of pollution may be
felt elsewhere. The discovery of pesticides in Antarctica, where they have never been used, suggests
the extent to which aerial transport can carry pollutants from one place to another.
Listed below are the major air pollutants and their sources.
Carbon monoxide (CO) is a colourless, odourless gas that is produced by the incomplete burning of
carbon-based fuels including petrol, diesel, and wood. It is also produced from the combustion of
natural and synthetic products such as cigarettes. It lowers the amount of oxygen that enters our
blood . It can slow our reflexes and make us confused and sleepy.
Carbon dioxide (CO
2
) is the principle greenhouse gas emitted as a result of human activities such as
the burning of coal, oil, and natural gases.
Chloroflorocarbons (CFC) are gases that are released mainly from air-conditioning systems and
refrigeration. When released into the air, CFCs rise to the stratosphere, where they come in contact
with few other gases, which leads to a reduction of the ozone layer that protects the earth from the
harmful ultraviolet rays of the sun.
Lead is present in petrol, diesel, lead batteries, paints, hair dye products, etc. Lead affects children in
particular. It can cause nervous system damage and digestive problems and, in some cases, cause
cancer.
Ozone occur naturally in the upper layers of the atmosphere. This important gas shields the earth
from the harmful ultraviolet rays of the sun. However, at the ground level, it is a pollutant with highly
toxic effects. 'ehicles and industries are the major source of ground-level ozone emissions. Ozone
makes our eyes itch, burn, and water. It lowers our resistance to colds and pneumonia.
Nitrogen oxide (Nox) causes smog and acid rain. It is produced from burning fuels including petrol,
diesel, and coal. Nitrogen oxides can make children susceptible to respiratory diseases in winters.
Suspended particulate matter (SPM) consists of solids in the air in the form of smoke, dust, and
vapour that can remain suspended for extended periods and is also the main source of haze which
reduces visibility. The finer of these particles, when breathed in can lodge in our lungs and cause lung
damage and respiratory problems.
Sulphur dioxide (SO
2
) is a gas produced from burning coal, mainly in thermal power plants. Some
industrial processes, such as production of paper and smelting of metals, produce sulphur dioxide. It is
a major contributor to smog and acid rain. Sulfur dioxide can lead to lung diseases.
Chemical Pollution
In some parts of the world, the bodies of whales and dolphins washing ashore are so highly
contaminated that they qualify as toxic waste and have to be specially disposed of. There are many
different sources of chemical pollution, including:
O domestic sewage
O industrial discharges
O seepage from waste sites
O atmospheric fallout
O domestic run-off
O accidents and spills at sea
O operational discharges from oil rigs
O mining discharges and
O agricultural run-off.
However, the chemicals that are probably of most concern for everyone are the persistent pollutants:
those substances that enter marine food chains and are eventually passed along the chain to the
marine top predators in increasing amounts.Persistent pollutants include pesticides, such as DDT, and
industrial chemicals, most famously the PCBs.





What Is PoIIution?
e often talk about the harms of pollution but do you know what pollution actually is?
Before we can understand how to control environmental impacts caused by various
forms of pollution we must first start at the beginning with the basics to understand what
exactly pollution is and where it comes from.
%he official definition of pollution, as defined by ebster's Dictionary is "the introduction
of harmful substances or products into the environment. Basically, any time a foreign
substance is introduced into an environment, particularly a contaminant or toxin, that
produces some kind of a negative or harmful impact on the environment or living beings
is considered pollution.

Pollution occurs in many forms ranging from chemicals in the form of gases or liquids, noise,
energy sources such as light or heat, or even solids such as the types of waste that end up in
landfills. Even substances that occur naturally can be considered pollution when additional
quantities are added to the environment in unsafe amounts, such as is the case with carbon
dioxide and mercury which although there can be some natural sources of these elements,
elevated levels produced by industries can have catastrophic effects on the environment and all
forms of life including humans.
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Types of PoIIution:
There are four main types of poIIution incIuding:
Air PoIIution: which is generally in the form of a gas emitted by factories, power plants,
automobiles, etc. such as the familiar greenhouse gases including carbon dioxide and
methane but can also include particulate matter such as is the case with asbestos or
biological matter that could be released into the air. %he most common sources of air
pollution include oil refineries, power plants, burning of fossil fuels, automobiles, fumes
from aerosols and chemicals such as paint, factories, and incinerators.
Water PoIIution: occurs anytime these contaminants, or pollutants, enter into a water
source such as the ocean, river

s, lakes, or ground water. Many of the same sources that result in air pollution can also release
pollutants into water supplies through either directly leaking or spilling materials into the water or
releasing chemicals into the air that then fall back into water supplies in the form of acid rain.
ater pollution also results from run off which occurs when storm water drains off of farms or
other areas carrying with it a variety of pollutants including fertilizer, pesticides, and waste. Oil
spills are also another source of water pollution, even on land since it can contaminate water via
run off or by seeping into the ground, polluting ground water.
$oiI PoIIution: Like air and water, the soil itself can also become polluted from
dangerous materials such as heavy metals, pesticides, and landfills. Often times, soil
pollution is not only isolated to the immediate area because some of these pollutants
can make their way into bodies of water which spread the pollution even further.
Commercial farming is one of leading causes of soil pollution along with strip mining and
land fills.

#adioactive Contamination: Deadly radiation from nuclear plants, uranium mining and
refinement, weapons, or other industries can have a long range effect on an environment both
locally and hundreds of miles away from the original contamination site. Radioactive
contamination can effect every aspect of the environment including the air, water, and soil as
well as various objects such as buildings and equipment which can retain radiation after
massive exposure. Likewise, the effect on a living ecosystem and human health may vary
greatly from causing mild discomfort, to breathing ailments, infertility, birth defects, cancer, and
even death.

Certain types of pollution are more easily contained than others and may have a wide
range of effects from mild contamination at the point of contact to wide spread
destructive effects such as global warming which is caused by greenhouse gases that
pollute our air. And since most of the categories of pollution often interact with one
another, with one type of pollution often spreading and leading to another form,
containing and reducing the amount of pollutants that we produce is vital if we are to
have a healthy and thriving ecosystem and preserve our own lives.




















Crime is an act that goes against a law pre-set by the
state an act of DEVIANCE- doesn't break the law but goes against
social norms set by the people who live there.


Contents
[hide]
O 1 Crime over time
O 2 Crime by locale
O 3 Crimes against women
o 3.1 Sexual Harassment
o 3.2 Dowry
o 3.3 Child Marriage
o 3.4 Female infanticides and sex selective abortions
o 3.5 Domestic violence
O 4 llegal drug trade
O 5 Arms trafficking
O 6 Poaching and wildlife trafficking
O 7 Cyber crime
O 8 Corruption and police misconduct
O 9 Crimes against foreigners in ndia
o 9.1 Petty crime
o 9.2 Passport theft
o 9.3 Confidence tricks
o 9.4 %axi scam
o 9.5 Rape and sexual assault
o 9.6 Murder and manslaughter


Categorisation by type
%he following classes of offences are used, or have been used, as legal terms of art:
Offence against the person
[22]

Violent offence
[23]

Sexual offence
[24]

Offence against property
[25]

Researchers and commentators have classified crimes into the following categories, in addition to those
above:
Forgery, personation and cheating
[26]

Firearms and offensive weapons
[27]

Offences against the State/Offences against the Crown and Government
[28]
/Political offences
[29]

Harmful or dangerous drugs
[30]

Offences against religion and public worship
[31]

Offences against public justice
[32]
/Offences against the administration of public justice
[33]

Public order offence
[34]

Commerce, financial markets and insolvency
[35]

Offences against public morals and public policy
[36]

Motor vehicle offences
[37]

Conspiracy, incitement and attempt to commit crime
[38]

nchoate offence
Juvenile Delinquency

















About the Different %ypes of Criminal Offenses
A criminal act may be considered a particular type of crime, depending on the nature of the offense. For example, a
crime that involves taking another's property may be considered a theft crime. A crime that occurs in a business
setting may be considered a white collar crime. An offense of a sexual nature or that involves a sexually deviant act
may be considered a sex crime. t is helpful to understand the different types of crimes and the potential penalties
that may be imposed for a defendant who is convicted.
e have highlighted the key types of criminal offenses:
$ex Crimes
A crime that involves a deviant sex act, forced intercourse or the exchange of sexual activity for money may be
considered a sex crime. %hese are often particularly serious due to their sensitive nature and the harsh penalties that
may be imposed if a defendant is convicted, including lifetime registration as a sex offender. Some sex crimes
include: rape, sexual abuse, sexual battery andprostitution. Click here to read more about sex crimes.
Drug Crimes
Certain substances are controlled by the government, including narcotics and prescription drugs. A defendant may
therefore face criminal charges for the unlawful possession, sale /
distribution, trafficking, manufacturing or cultivation of such substances as heroin, marijuana, cocaine, ecstasy,
methamphetamines, or prescription drugs. Click here to read more about drug crimes.
VioIent Crimes
hen a person is accused of committing a crime against another person, causing or attempting to cause them bodily
harm, this may be considered a violent crime. Some specific types of violent crimes
include: murder, manslaughter, assault, battery anddomestic violence. Click here to read more about violent crimes.
White CoIIar Crimes
Crimes that involve financial transactions, politicians and businessmen and women may be considered white collar
crimes. %hese are typically non-violent theft crimes, such as fraud, embezzlement and tax evasion. Click here to read
more about white collar crimes.
Theft Crimes
Unlawfully taking another's property, whether by force, deception or by clandestine means, may be considered a theft
crime. %he penalties for these will vary depending on the manner in which the alleged offense was committed, as well
as the amount of property involved. Some examples of theft crimes include: grand theft auto, burglary and robbery.
Click here to read more about theft crimes.
FederaI Crimes
Certain acts are prohibited by federal law. %hese and crimes committed against the federal government or on federal
property may be considered federal crimes. Some examples include: bank fraud, wire fraud, mail
fraud and kidnapping. Because federal agencies and prosecutors typically have more resources than those on a local
or state level, and due to the extremely harsh penalties that may be imposed for these offenses, it is important to
work with a lawyer who can handle cases in federal court. Read more about federal crimes...
t may be extremely beneficial to the positive resolution of your case that you work with a lawyer who is familiar in
handling your particular type of case. Using our directory, you can find and compare local lawyers to determine which
one is best qualified to handle your case.








Murder, Rupe, Robbery, AggruvuLed AssuuIL, BurgIury, urceny-LIeIL, MoLor
VeIIcIe TIeIL

CAuSLS Cl Crlme

O Weakness
People are not bad by nature, but sometimes simply too timid to resist the vicious
demons that play on their weaknesses and cut their bond with the source of their
Power. Humans are good by default, but not everyone is made of steel so as to
defend themselves against the demonic forces - destructive emotions and
detrimental attitudes:
fear, ignorance, hatred, worry, revenge, envy, attachment, greed, lust, selfishness,
doubt, prejudice, pride, vanity, impatience, sloth, discrimination, arrogance,
ambition, addiction, gluttony, criticism, blame, anxiety, frustration and so on.
We all get attacked by those faulty ethereal goblins of our minds and hearts, but
most of us succeed to resist them. It's easy to act on anger, greed, revenge or any
of highlighted above, but it takes courage and strength to determine that there is
something more important than that.

There are two core reasons why weakness prevails with some:
) lack of faith, not believing enough in the power of one's own internal weapons
(against inner demons), such as:
courage, tolerance, understanding, forgiveness, mercy, honesty, sincerity, integrity,
honor, modesty, humbleness, generosity, love, compassion, kindness, detachment,
patience, self-discipline, temperance, etc.
As a result of not trusting inner resources, there is no enough motivation to develop
them and use them.
Art Solutions - get the free crime cure; watch inspirational films and read
inspirational stories of good qualities conquering the bad ones.
2) imbalance - most criminals are simply too strong physically, pumping up the
body muscles, but not enough the mental and emotional muscles. The reason why
their strength becomes weakness is because they are not balanced.
Art Therapy Solutions - get the free artistic crime cure; watch the movie trilogy
'Samurai' by legendary Japanese director Hiroshi Inagaki. It tells the story of the
greatest Samurai warrior in Japan - Musashi Miyamoto, his journey from being just a
tough warrior to a true hero, equally strong on all three accounts: physical skills,
mental calmness and emotional state. Watch all three films online here for free.
(Titles: Samurai One, Samurai Two, Samurai Three)

Underneath all the weaknesses is a genuine human desire to do well. When we
delink ourselves from our source (Higher Power), we find ourselves either in a wrong
relationship or in a wrong job, or simply in a wrong place at wrong time, but also in a
wrong state of mind - causing us to do the wrong things, on the wrong side of
tracks.

O Poor judgment
Lack of proper education and great role-models causes many to fail to distinguish
right from wrong.
In most cases offenders don't think they are doing something wrong, it seems right
from their point of view.
Poor judgment is also reflected in knowing it's wrong, but thinking they could get
away with it, not getting caught.
Art Therapy Solutions - get the free crime cure

O Lack of love
Being raised in a dysfunctional family, or coming from a disadvantaged background,
or feeling discriminated, none of it alone can cause crime. There are so many others
in the world with such conditions, but nevertheless don't turn to crime. However they
cause the lack of love and respect for others. That, endorsed with some other
factors, can be a major issue related to crime.

O Poverty
Poverty is often blamed for leading to crime, however underneath is something more
vital - society bombards us with commercial values, making us want more and more
material things, to the point when some would do anything (including criminal acts)
to get them.
Unemployment is another factor in this category that contributes to crime through
looking ways to earn money by any means possible.
Art Therapy Solutions - get the free crime cure;
- find the best powerbroker (presented also here in the top of the right column) to
help you out of poverty into wealth

O eprived neighborhoods
economically impoverished neighborhoods breed criminal minds
Solution: if moving out is out of the question, then keep away from the guys in the
hood by making yourself busy with putting your new show on the road. Do you have
the strength to distance yourself from the harmful influences of your neighboors? If
not, find the strength from the power behind your new thing, which you can discover
in the illustrated guide 'Jump'.

O %' violence

O eing a victim in a chain of events
Sometimes individuals don't mean to cause harm, but are drawn into it by a chain of
events that are beyond their control or influence.

O Poor parenting skills
erratic or harsh discipline,
lack of parental control, supervision and monitoring,
parental conflict,
family dysfunction/breakdown,
criminal, anti-social and/or alcoholic parent/s
Read more about it from BBC and/or The Independant.
Fatherlessness is also one of underestimated cause of crime. Read more about it
by clicking here.
Consider these facts:
o 5% of all children that exhibit behavioral disorders come from fatherless
homes (U.S. Center for Disease Control);
o 90% of all homeless and runaway children are from fatherless homes (U.S.
Bureau of the Census);
o 0% of rapists motivated with displaced anger come from fatherless homes
(Criminal Justice & Behavior, 'ol 14, p. 403-26, 197);
o 70% of juveniles in state-operated institutions come from fatherless homes
(U.S. Dept. of Justice, Special Report, Sept 19);
o 5% of all youths sitting in prisons grew up in a fatherless home (Texas Dept.
of Corrections 1992).

O cological
It has long been known by police officers that cold winter nights keep criminals off
the streets and crime levels down. Crime scientists speculate that one of the hidden
consequences of global warming will be an increase in street crime during mild
winters. Studies have suggested that warmer temperatures boost aggression
hormones such as epinephrine and testosterone. More reading.

O Fraudulent Supreme Court rulings
Defective court rulings are one cause of the extra crimes.
Read more about it here