Professional Documents
Culture Documents
ae'Gef;ydkifaom^cH0ef;us,fus,fjuD;tv,fwGifa_rnDxyfESifhxyfcdk;wckygaomwdkufykav;&Sdonf
wdkufykav;_zL_zLa&ShwGif 'DwDqdkifu,fudkawGhvdkuf&wJhtwGufudk,fawmfacsmae'Gef;wa,muf
a&mufae^yDqdkwmudk udkpHodef;wa,mufodvdkuf&w,f ---aiGyef;&HkjuD;rsm;wef;pDaygufaeaom---wdkufab;0&HwmvloGm;vrf;uav;rSjunfhv#if --twGif;cef;udk_rif&onf----ae'Gef;oGm;&modkhwaumufaumufvdkufaecJhaom---ukvm;av;
*sufeuf&Jhowif;ay;csuft& cwfEGrf;EGrf;aqmfav;waAGudk'Daumifyifhvmw,fqdkwmod^yD;_zpf
w,f----qdkifu,fay:rSmv$rf;wm;wJhwmvbwfjuD;uavwdkufvdkufwdkif;v+wf&rf;aeonfrS
ty wpHkw&mudkrSr_rif& ---'gajumifhudkpHodef;twGif;ydkif;odkh&J0ifhpGmvSrf;0ifcJhavonf ---acG;rom;av; ----olcdk;omqdk&ifwufwufa_ymif^yD---tkyfoJausmuf bdvyfa_ra&mif;0,fa&;
vkyfief;onfvnf; ysuf^yD---opPm&SdpGmuspfuspfvpfvpfaqmif&GufcJho_zifh ---ae'Gef;vkyfudkif
aeaomtkyf oJ ausmuf bdvyfa_ra&mif;0,fa&;vkyfief;onfvnf;t"Gefh&Snfae_cif;yif --udkpHodef;wa,muf opPmr&Sdvdkhvnf;r_zpf OD;om'Gef;a':_zLwdkhu olwdkh.om;ae'Gef;udkolhvufodkh
0uGuftyfcJh^yD;atmuf_refrm_ynfYpD;yGm;&SmaecJhonfrSm oHk;ESpfoHk;rdk;yif&SdcJh^yD---ae'Gef;.judK;pm;r+ajumifhvnf; pD;yGm;a&;u[def;aeatmifwufcJhonf ---&efukefrStzkd;juD;
eJhtzGm;juD;vmjunfhpOfuqdkv#if udkpHodef;wa,muf&ifbufjuD;aumhaecJhonf --vGefcJhaomESpfvavmufurS 'Daumifazmuf_cif;_zpfonf---'guvnf;owWKkcsIw&m;cH&Smpwrf;
qdkv#ifudkpHodef; ya&m*ruif;--ae'Gef;u t&ufraomuf zJr&dkuf
avmif;upm;r&Sd---'DtcsdefrSmudkpHodef;uolrSD0Jaeust[m&
av;udkae'Gef;tm;oifwef;ydkhcsaeo_zifh vrf;_ycJhavonf ----_zpfcsifawmhzmacgif;rjuD;a':0ufr
bdwGif topfcsyfc|wfqdkaom0ufrav;ESifhawGhum
cdkufvmcJh_cif;yif ---aqmfav;uvnf; xdk w&ufomvm^yD;_yefoGm;cJhonf[kqdkonf --udka&$ae'Gef;wa,muf a'gif;awmufatmif&Smawmhonf ---ttdyfysuf
tpm;ysuf_zpfum vkyfief;
udkyg udkpHodef;ESifhv$J^yD; aumifrav;udkomoJoJrJrJvdkuf&Smawmhonf----ESpfvqdkaomumvtwGif;
awmf&Hkwef&kHZGJESifhqdkv#ifvufavsmhvdkuf^yD_zpfonf ---ae'Gef;uawmhvufravsmh --ZGJESifhvHkhvajumifhyJvm;rodae'Gef;wa,mufaumifrav;udkolraexdkif&m&yfuGufteD;aps;av;rS
&SmawGhcJh_cif;_zpfonf ---'gudk udkpHodef;uaemufvdkufukvm;av;*sufeuf&Jhowif;ay;csuf&rS
odIvmEdkifcJh_cif;_zpfonf ---'DtaumifpGJvef;avmufatmif aqmfav;ub,favmufcdkufp&mjudKufp&maumif;aeovJrod&ao;
udkpHodef;toufu
30 ausmf /ae'Gef;u 20 ausmf /aqmfav;uawmh 16ESpfawmifr_ynfhao;vdkh
od&w,f
,ckawmhrsuf0g;xifxifawGh&awmhrnf-----tdrfcef;wHcg;u[pdpdprdkhtomacsmif;junfhvdkufonf
_cifaxmifay:Yae'Gef;ykqdk;udkwGJavmif;awGh&onf----a[mif;EGrf;aomvG,ftdyfpkwfav;wvHk;u
ckwifacgif;&if;wef;wGifwifxm;onf---tcef;xJwGifvlr&Sdae_cif;uudpP^yD;oGm;onfhv=%m[k
,lqp&m&Sdonf----a&csdK;cef;xJrStoHoJhoJhxGufvmo_zifhudkpHodef;wa,mufa7csdK;cef;ESifhuyfv#uf
&Sdaompwdkcef;xJ0ifuma&wdkifuDwifxm;aomtdro
f macgifrdk;ay:0rf;vsm;xdk;wufvdkufonf----tm;yg;yg; tay:pD;rS_rifuGif;u yDyD_yif_yif--udk ---udk ---oDc% c%tdrfrufrufwmbmajimifhvnf;odvm;
[if;tif; rodbl;----a_ymygOD;---
t----tm----tif;---[if;[if;[if;
[katmf&if;u ae'Gef;cEWmudk,fjuD;wGefhvdrfoGm;.---oDuqufI---vD;wHjuD;udkyg;pyfxJ_ynfhjuyfoGm;atmif pkyf,lvdkuf^yD;a*G;pdjuD;udkcwfnSpfnSpfav;e,fay;vdkuf_yefonf
vD;wHjuD;rSmwqwfqwfwkefcg&if;oduxyfIvD;tv,favmufcefhwGif oGm;uav;rsm;_zifhremhwemav;
ZufZuf---ZufZuf_zifh zdudkufay;vdkuf&m---ae'Gef;rSmyg;pyf[um tm;ueJtm;ueJ atmfaeawmhonf
oDuolr.vkyf&yfajumifhae'Gef;xGefhxGefhvl;oGm;onfudkjunfhumjunfEl;ESpfodrfhpGm^yHK;&if;yg;pyfxJodkh
vD;juD;wacsmif;vHk;oGwfoGif;vdkufovdk vD;wHwav#mufudkvnf;ar#mhwaumifvdk v#mav;udk vef;vef;
vef;vef;_zifhaxmufwdkhvdkufzdaxmufvdkufvkyfvdkufaomtcg vD;whatmuf&Sdokwfv$wfajumjuD;rSm
axmifxvmavonf---rjumrDuaysmhwGJaeaoma*G;OjuD;rSmvnf;usHKhvm^yD;txufodkhuyfv#uf_zpfvmavonf ---oDuvD;juD;udka&cJacsmif;wacsmif;ES,f oGif;vdkuf pkyfvdkuf _yefxkwfvdkuf_yefoGif;vdkuf_zifh av;juDrf
avmufvkyfvdkuf yg;pyfxJiHkxm;&if;acgif;av;udk a&ShaemufcwfoGufoGufv+wf&Smay;vdkuf&m vD;juD;
rSmapmufzkwfwckudkvdk;&onfhES,f t&omawGxl;uJvm^yD; okwf&nfrsm;_ynfhv#Humusvmavonf
oDu v&nfrsm;udkt_rwfwEdk;ESpfoufpGm^rdKcs&if; 'pfxdyfwGifpdkhusef&pfaomokwf&nfpufav;wpuf
udkyifv#mzsm;av;_zifh ,uf,lum^rdKcsvdkufonf--vD;juD;rSmqwfueJ qwfueJ t&Sdefraoao;I tawmifhvdkuf_zpfaeaomvD;juD;udk oDutmacgif
xJtxdxdk;,l^yD; t&if;rStar$;rsm;olr.ESmacgif;ESifhuyfrdonftxd pkyfcsvdkuf^yD;rS w&Sdefxdk;aemufodkh
qGJv#ufyg;av;csdKifhatmifpkyfcsvdkufavawmhonf---tm;---oD ---oD ---oD&,f --odyg;pyfrS_yGwfueJ _yGwfueJ xGufvmaomvD;wHjuD;rSm raor&Sif&dkufxm;aom i&SnfhjuD;waumifES,f
wqwfqwfwkefwufoGm;^yD;rS &kww
f 7ufidkufqif;oGm;avonf ---ae'Gef;u ohDrsufESmav;udkvufESpfzuf_zifhqGJ,l^yD;E+wfcrf;av;udk pkyf,lvdkufonf---oDu zifjuD;udk[dkonfcg&rf;^yD; vD;wefjuD;&Sd&modkhvdkufuyfvdkufonf---rwfwyf&ufvdkufaomtcgrSaumhxGufaeaomwifyg;juD;wpHkESifhcHk;armufrmwif;aeaomapmufzkwfjuD;rSm
oGm;&nf,dkcsifp&mvSyrufarmbG,f tufuGJajumif;av;ESifh_zpfaeonfudk pHodef;awGh_rifvdkuf&avonf
ae'Gef;pGJv#ifvnf;pGJavmufonfhypPnf;juD;ayyJ[kpdwfxJuaxmufcHrdonf---toufi,fi,fESifhcEWmudk,fxGm;judKif;aomoDwdkhvdkrdef;uav;rdsK;wGifxdkodkhaomEkEkxGm;xGm;apmufzkwfrsdK;
awGh &Sd&wwfp^rJ_zpfajumif; udkpHodef;aumif;aumif;odonf -----apmufywfE+wfcrf;om;ab;w
zufwcsufpDwGif ar#mhjuD;awGtvm;,SOfwGJyl;uyfaeaomapmufywfE+wfcrf;om;xlxljuD;awGurlnSpftm;
aumif;_cif; v=%m pkyftm;aumif;_cif;v=%moabmvD;odrfatmifnSpfEdkifonfhtrSwfv=%mawGyif
_zpfonf ----apmufywftrsdK;rsdK;udk t&nfjudKaomufxm;onfhES,fu|rf;usifvdrRmaom udkpHodef;wa,muf oDhapmuf
ywfjuD;rSm taumif;qHk;pHE+H;xm;udk_ynfhrSD&Hkru &Sm;yg;ypPnf;wpfck_zpfajumif;udkvnf;_rif&HkESifhyiftwdtus
odonf---,if;todajumifhyifudkpHodef;.vD;wefjuD;rSm aigufueJ aigufueJ acgif;axmifvmavonf---tdrfomacgifrdk;a&pnfab;opfom;wef;ay:vufESpfbufaxmufum&ifbufESifharS;xm;&onfhtwGufvnf;
tvGeftrif;anmif;vmavonf---xkdpOf oDu eH&HudkrsufESmrlumav;bufukef;I tvdk;cHaepOf ae'Gef;uvnf;olhvD;juD;_zifh tptqHk;
oDif;vdkufxkwfvdkuf_zifhwvpyfvdk;ae^yD_zpfonf -----udkpHodef;rsufvHk;juD;rsm;u ae'Gef;vD;wefjuD;wef;
at;aygh[m----eifwdkhu&dk;p&m&Sdae^yDudk;----a[m junfhygvm; awmf^yD---_roDu udkpHodef;aygifudk zufueJvSrf;ykwfum _yKwif;rSt_yifai;&ifvdkufygvmonf---yxr udkufav;ig;q,f twGif;usif;awGcsdKifhawG&Sdae^yD; um;av;uvnf;vrf;av;twdkif; wvdrfhcsifhvdrfh qif;um
vuf0JbufwGif&Sdaom aqmufvufp&yfuGufav;wcktwGif; tpGefqHk;rS oGwfrdk;ysOfaxmif
tdrfav;a&ShwGif&yfvdkufonf----- cwfa0;a0;wae&mwGifplyguyfqdkufu,fav;wpD;u t_cm;tdrfa&ShY
&yfxm;onf-----bm tyifrSrpdkuf&ao;bl;aemf----tckpdkufjuav--bmpdkuf&rSmvnf; tudkpHodef;&Jh----opfyifav-----tcspfopfyif---junfhygvm; 'DnaetudkpHodef;udkjunfh&wm wrsKd;yJ odvm;----[if;---udkpHodef;&ifxJ 'dwfueJ_zpfoGm;onf----'Daumifrav;pdwfzwfynmrsm;wwfaea&mhovm;----udkudk b,ftcsdefavmufa&mufrSmvnf;[if----tJ'gawmh igvnf;rodbl;--- 'Dudk wef;vmvdkhyJa_ymcJhwm---_roDunaepmawmifrpm;&ao;bl;---'DrSmyJtm;vHk;pDpOfxm;w,f---tdrfay:wuf-----tdrfay:odkhESpfa,mufom;wufcJhjuonf-----t_yifrSoGif_yifv=%mESifh_cm;em;pGm twGif;Y
aumfaZm----ukvm;xdkif---xrif;pm;yGJtm;vHk;rSm yvyfpwpf ypPnf;awgvdk taygpm;awGjuD;_zpfonf
xl;qef;onfu taiGhaxmif;axmif;ESifh _yifqifcl;cwfxm;aom xrif;yGJjuD;yJ_zpfonf----a[mawmh---vlvJrawGhyJeJh---bmvJ _roD yHk_yifawGxu
J vdk ewfawGzefqif;w,frsm; xifaevm;---[m;[m;[m;----'DrSm tapmifh&Sdvm; tudkpHodef;----&Sdwmaygh[ zxD; zdk;apmqdkwm xrif;[if;csufaumif;ovm;rar;eJh---oH&Hk;rSmpm;zdkr+;vkyfvmwm
'golhvuf&mawGav---xrif;0dkif;u a[mfw,fxrif;0dkif;vdkyif tpdrf;ajumf csdKcsOfajumf ukef;abmifjuD;ajumf aumf&nf _rLpGrf
bJuif pHkvifvSonf----&S,fyJaemf tudkpHodef;--- tJ'hajumifh udkudk ucspfzdkaumif;wm odvm;---_roDua_yma_ymqdkqdk tpdrf;ajumfyef;uef_ym;juD;xJrS---tom;zwfwzwfudkaumufpm;&if;a_ymonf--udkpHodef;&ifxJwGif atmifhoGm;ovdkcHpm;vdkuf&onf--eifhvif uyfpD;eJ tJ'grsdK;pDpOfvdrfhr,ftm;juD;juD;---[if 'g_zifh 'gb,folpDpOfcdkif;wmvJ---igaygh[---cspfzdkhaumif;wm igyJaerSm--[kwfvm; tudkpHodef;pDpOfxm;wmvm;----rsufarSmifav;ukwfum wpHkw&mudkpOf;pm;ae&if;ar;vdkuf.
tudkpHodef;u bmvdkh'DavmufawmiftukeftuscH&wmvJ---eifwdkhtdrfopfwufyJGudk *k%f_yKwJhtaeeJhaygh--atmf ---&Sif;^yD---&Sif;^yD---xdkawmhrS _roDrsufESmav;oHo,uif;pGm0if;yoGm;^yD;xrif;pm;yGJatmufwGif&d+oGif;xm;aom
xdkifcHkt_zLav;udkayhgyg;pGmqGJ,lIxdkifvdkufonf----tcsdK&nf wckckaomufOD;av _roD----bmaomufrvJ----
&vm;aomufcsifwmayhg---u&ifqdk'gvm;---[ifhtif; qJAif;tyf eJh yyf(y)pDyJ&Sdw,f---xdkpOf touf 40 cefh&Sdaomu&ifvlrsdK;wOD; xrif;tkyfjuD;udkifumxGufvmonf----zxD;---'gu u|efawmfa_ymwJh _roDav----awGh&wm 0rf;omygw,f wlrav;--- judK;pm;^yD;csuf_yKwfxm;ygw,f---oHk;aqmifygaemf---zxD;---olhtwGuf tcsdK&nf,lay;ygOD;aemf--[kwf -----tqifoifhygyJ q7mav;--zxD;rsufvHk;awGueD_ref;aeonf---_roDtem;rS_zwfav#mufoGm;pOf zxD;xHrS csOfpl;aom t&ufa[mifteHh
qdk;udk&+&d+ufrdonf---t7ufjumjumaomufwJhvlawG udk,fueHw,faemf---_roDpum;ajumifh udkpHodef; wa,muftvef;wjum;armhjunfhvdkuf^yD;-----olhtuDsFykcHk;pudkqJG,lerf;&if;
tudkpHodef;a&mjumjumaomuf&ifeHvm;--t7ufyJ azmfvkyaf e7wmqdkawmh _roD&,f---rqdkifygbl;--tudkpHodef;wdkhuqifa_cawGjuD;yJ----a_ym&if;u udkpHodef;a&SharSmufxm;aomyef;uefudk
vSef^yD; xrif;xnfhay;vdkufonf---[dkaumifawmh b,ftcsdefa&mufrvJrodbl;---tudk ---u|efr[mudkvSefay;ygOD;---[if---b,f[mudk vSefay;&rSmvJ---yef;uef---yef;uef----xrif;xnfhrvdkh---pum;wvHk;wnf;u ywf0ef;usifudk ^idrfoufoGm;apEdkifavmufatmifwmoGmygonf----udkpHodef;ESifh
_roDwdkh ESpfa,mufvnf; tawG;udk,fpDESifh^idrfoufaejuonf----rdk;awmifcsKwfawmhr,faemf--[kwfw,f---'gayrJh wcgwav n 9em&Dxd ^rdKhxJudk_yefwJhum;&Sdawmh wyef;awmhomao;wmayhg---[kwfawmh [kwfygw,f 'gayrJh bwf(p)um;eJhqdk'Dc&D;rvG,fbl;--'gayhg ---'gajumifhvnf; aehcif;qdk 'DrSmvmtyef;a_zju^yD; rdk;csKwfwmeJh tm;vHk;vdkvdk^rdKhbJ_yefwufjuwm
'D&yfuGufav;u olaX;&yfuGufqdkygpdkh----tdrfawG 'DvdkyJxm;cJhwmyJvm;---aomhcwf^yD;awmh zxD;udktyfcJhjuwmyJ-----zxD;eJh aemufwa,mufu 'D&yfuGufav;udkuif;apmifhw,f
vc&wmaygh----_roD&JhpdwfxJrSm enf;enf;awmhrvHk_cHKovdk cHpm;vdkuf&onf---xdkpOf zxD;_yefa&mufvm^yD; wlrav;twGuf tcsdK&nfyg----'gu q&mav;twGuf csvdkufygOD; [J[J---[m _zpfyghrvm; zxD;&Jh---um;_yefarmif&OD;rSm---vkyftm;&w,f ----vkyfyg q&mav;&Jh 'grS---zxD;u pum;wydkif;wpESifhxGufoGm;onf
udkpHodef;u t&ufcGufudkudkifv#ufqwfueJarmhcs^yD; &H+hrJhoGm;onf----tom;vHk;ajumfwckudkaumuf0g;vdkuf
onf----_roDuawmh xrif;pm;vdkuf tcsdK&nfaomufvdkufESifh naepmudk pwifpm;aomufaeawmhonf---tcsuft_yKwfuvnf; tu,fhudkpHrSDygonf----tqifhtwef;&SdpGmcsuf_yKwfausmfavSmfxm;ordkhvnf;
pm;&if; pm;&if;ESifhAdkufuav; wif;oGm;&avonf---aumif;&Jhvm; _roD xnfhOD;av ---aumif;w,f ---[if;[if; ----udkudkvm&ifolhudkrapmifhyJ pm;&rvm;qdk^yD; _roDudk yGefaeOD;rSmodvm;-tudkpHodef;a& awmf^yD awmf^yD----