‘Waa ennn RB Asthana aa 9 c} <= 7} a 2 aq 4 ns aD 5 = 4 “w raInformation contained in this work has been obtained by Tata McGraw-Hill, from sources believed to be reliable. However, neither Tata McGraw-Hill nor its authors guarantee the accuracy or completeness of any information published j herein,” and neither Tata McGraw-Hill nor its, authors shall be responsible for any errors, omissions, or damages arising out of use of this information. This work is published with the understanding that Tata McGraw-Hill and its authors are supplying information but are not attempting to render engineering or other professional services. If such services are required, the assistance of an appropriate professional should be sought. INA Tata McGraw-Hill © 2002, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited Fourth reprint 2006 RXLZRDRKRADRD ‘No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means without the prior written permission of the publishers This edition can be exported from India by the publishers, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited ISBN 0-07-044529-X, Published by Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited, 7 West Patel Nagar, New Delhi 110 008, typeset in Times New Roman at Tej Composers, WZ 391, Madipur, New Delhi 110 063, and printed at Pashupati Printers Pvt Ltd., Shahdara, Delhi 110095 Cover Design: B&M DesignForeword : v Preface vii Acknowledgements . ix 4. Introduction. 4 1.2 History of the Automobile 1 1.3 Indian Automobiles 2 of A les 3 1.5 Layout of an Automobile _4 1.6 Major Components of the Automobile 4 1.7 Functions of the Automobile Components _6& 1.8 Manufacturers of Motor Vehicles in India 41 Review Questions 15 2. Automobile Engines 46 2.4 Introduction_16 2.2 Classification of Automobile ines 16 2.3 Use of Engines 20 2.4 Merits and Demerits of Vertical and Horizontal Engines 27 2.5 Reasons for Using Single-cylinder Two-stroke Air-cooled Petrol Engine on Two-wheelers 22 2.6 Reasons for Using Multi-cylinder Diesel Engine for Commercial Vehicles 22 2.7 Merits and Demerits of Two-stroke and Four-stroke Cycle Engines 22 2.8 Advantages of a Multi-cylinder Engine for the Same Power 23 5 amie 2 3, Engine Construction 25 34 Intrnduation 26 3.2 Cylinder Blocks 25 3.3 Cylinder Liner 27 3.4 Crankcase 28 1.4 Types of Autom: