Cng ngh HSDPA.

MC LC MC LC....................................................................................................................1 DANH MC HNH V, BNG BIU.......................................................................2 LI NI U..............................................................................................................3 CHNG I : GII THIU V CNG NGH HSDPA.........................................4
1.1 Tng quan v HSDPA .......................................................................................4 1.2 Nhng ci tin quan trng ca HSDPA so vi WCDMA.....................................7 1.3 Nguyn l hot ng ca HSDPA......................................................................9 1.4. Cu trc HSDPA..............................................................................................12 1.4.1. M hnh giao thc HSDPA.........................................................................12 1.4.2. Cu truc knh...........................................................................................14 1.5. Cac ky thut s dung trong HSDPA.................................................................22 1. 5.1. iu ch va Ma hoa thich ng.Ky thut truyn dn a ma.................22 1.5.2 K thut H- ARQ........................................................................................25

CHNG II : NG DNG TRN HSDPA...........................................................27

2.1. VOIP song cng ton phn v thc y tr chuyn........................................27 2.2. Tr chi vi thi gian thc..............................................................................28 2.3. Lung TV di ng........................................................................................29 2.4 Email..............................................................................................................30

KT LUN................................................................................................................33 THUT NG VIT TT 1G : First Generation 2G : Second Generation 3G : Third Generation 3GPP : 3rd Generation Partnership Project
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FDD : Frequency Division Multiple Access GSM : Global System for Mobile Communications H-ARQ : Hybrid Automatic Repeat request
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16QAM : 16 Quadrature Amplitude Modulation 64QAM : 64 Quadrature Amplitude Modulation AMC : Adaptive Modulation and Coding ARQ : Automatic Repeat request BCCH : BroadCast Control CHannel (logic channel) BCH : BroadCast CHannel (transport channel) BER : Bit Error Rate CCTRCH : Coded Composite Transport Channel DCCH : Dedicated Control CHannel (logical channel) DPCCH : Dedicated Physical Control CHannel DPCH : Dedicated Physical Channel DPDCH : Dedicated Physical Data Channel DTCH : Dedicated Traffic CHannel HS-DPCCH : Uplink High-Speed Dedicated Physical Control CHannel HS-DSCH : High-Speed Downlink Shared Channel HS-PDSCH : High-Speed Physical Downlink Shared Channel HS-SCCH : High-speed Shared Control Channel HSDPA : High-speed Downlink Packet Access ITU : Internation Telecommunication Union MAC : Medium Access Control MAC-hs : Hight-speed MAC Node B : Base Station SAW : Stop And Wait TTI : Transmission Time Interval UMTS : Universal Mobile Telecommunication System WCDMA : Wideband CDMA EDGE : Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution

DANH MC HNH V, BNG BIU Hnh 1: Biu ct so snh thi gian download ca cc cng ngh. Hnh 2: Cc tnh nng c bn ca HSDPA khi so snh vi WCDMA Hnh 3 : Nguyn l hot ng c bn ca HSDPA Hnh 4: Kin trc giao din v tuyn ca knh truyn ti HS-DSCH Hnh 5: Cu trc lp MAC-hs
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Hnh 6 : Giao din v tuyn ca HSDPA Hnh 7 : Thi gian v b m c chia s trong HS-DSCH Hnh 8 : Trng thi knh ca cc user Hinh 9 : H thng trong trng hp 1 knh HS-SCCH va phn chia a thi gian Hinh 10: H thng trong trng hp nhiu knh HS-SCCH va phn chia a thi gian. Hnh 11: Cu trc knh HS-DPCCH Hnh 12: Biu din m ho iu ch ca HSDPA v tc bit ti a kh dng vi mi m theo dB Hnh 13: Hot ng ca giao thc SAW 4 knh Hnh 14: Qu trnh truyn li khi d liu IR Hnh 15: c lng tiu th cng sut ca in thoi di ng Hnh 16: Truy cp email t mobile s dng pin 1000-mAh Bng 1: Tc d liu nh ca HSDPA trong mt s trng hp Bng 2: Lc m ha iu ch ca HSDPA v tc bt ti a kh dng vi mi m. LI NI U HSDPA l mt chun cng ngh trong Phin bn 5 ca n cc i tc th h 3 WCDMA bng rng WCDMA 3GP. HSDPA s tng tc d liu truyn ti a v nng cao cht lng dch v QoS, v ni chung l ci tin hiu qu ph tn ng xung khng i xng v p ng nhu cu bng n cc dch v d liu gi. Khi HSDPA c thc hin, n c th cng tn ti trn cng h thng truyn dn nh Phin bn 99 WCDMA hin ti. iu ny cho php a HSDPA vo mng WCDMA hin ti mt cch d dng v hiu qu v chi ph. HSDPA c thit k cho nhng ng dng dch v d liu nh: dch v c bn : ti tp, phn phi email; dch v tng
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tc : trnh duyt web, truy nhp server, truy tm v phc hi c s d liu; dch v Streaming : dch v audio/video Bi tiu lun nay trnh by v cng ngh HSDPA v cc ng dng trn HSDPA. Ni dung bi tiu lun s chia lm 2 phn vi cc ni dung sau: Gii thiu v cng ngh HSDPA. ng dng trn HSDPA. Do ni dung kin thc ca ti tng i rng v trnh hiu bit cn nhiu hn ch nn bi lm khng trnh khi nhng sai st. Em rt mong nhn c s ch dn v gp ca cc thy c gio bi lm c hon thin hn..!!! Em xin chn thnh cm n thy gio Phm Anh Tun v cc thy c trong khoa Cng Ngh Thng Tin gip em trong thi gian qua c th hon thnh bi n. H Ni, ngy 6 thng 12 nm 2011.!

CHNG I : GII THIU V CNG NGH HSDPA 1.1 Tng quan v HSDPA Mc d cng ngh 3G WCDMA hin nay cho php tc d liu gi ln n 2Mbps. Tuy nhin, cc tiu chun thit k h thng WCDMA c mt s hn ch nh: Khng tn dng cc u th ca d liu gi vn rt ph bin i vi ng trc hu tuyn Thit k dch v 2Mbps hin nay l khng hiu qu v cng cha p ng c nhu cu s dng dch v s liu
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Khng th x l tc d liu cao ln n 10Mbps Do , R5 tip tc c pht trin khc phc nhng hn ch ny. R5 l s pht trin quan trng ca mng v tuyn 3G k t khi WCDMA c chp nhn l cng ngh mng v tuyn 3G t nm 1997 vi Cc tnh nng k thut ca cng ngh HSDPA gm: Tng ng vi CDMA2000 1xEV (HDR) iu ch v m ho thch ng Sng mang tc d liu cao (HDRC) trong bng tn 5MHz 64 QAM h tr tc nh tng ng 7.2 Mbps M Turbo Kh nng sa li gn vi gii hn l thuyt ARQ ghp thch ng T ng thch ng lin tc theo iu kin knh bng cch ghp chn thm thng tin khi cn S dng AMC khi c kt hp vi HARQ nhm ci thin dung lng ca h thng Cc k thut c s dng cho php HSDPA h tr tc 10 Mbps Trong mt h thng d liu v thoi c tch hp vi ngi s dng thoi(12.2 Kbps) ti khong 30 Erl/sector v thng lng sector ca d liu vn khong 1 Mbps

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Hnh 1: Biu ct so snh thi gian download ca cc cng ngh. HSDPA (High-Speed Downlink Packet Access)-truy cp gi ng xung tc cao, l gii php mang tnh t ph v mt cng ngh v c pht trin trn c s ca h thng 3G WCDMA, c ti u-ha cho cc ng dng d liu chuyn mch gi. Cng ngh HSDPA hin nay cho php tc download t n 1.8 Mbps, 3.6Mbps, 7.2 Mbps v 14.4 Mbps, v trong tng lai gn, tc hin nay c th c nng ln gp nhiu ln a n mt hiu qu s dng tt hn. Cc thu bao dch v HSDPA c th nhn email vi tp tin nh km mang dung lng ln, lt web hoc ti v cc tp tin a phng tin hoc vn bn nhanh hn bao gi. Mc d c th truyn ti bt c dng d liu no, song mc tiu ch yu ca HSDPA l d liu dng video v nhc. Khi nim HSDPA c pht trin da trn cng ngh W-CDMA, s dng cc phng php chuyn i v m ha d liu khc. N to ra mt knh truyn d liu bn trong W-CDMA c gi l HS-DSCH (High Speed Downlink Shared Channel), knh chia s ng xung tc cao. Knh truyn ti ny hot ng hon ton khc bit so vi cc knh thng thng v cho php thc hin download vi tc vt tri. V y l mt knh chuyn dng cho vic download. iu cng c ngha l d liu s c truyn trc tip t ngun n in thoi. Song qu trnh ngc li,
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tc l truyn d liu t in thoi n mt ngun tin th khng th thc hin c khi s dng cng ngh HSDPA. Cng ngh ny c th c chia s gia tt c cc ngi dng c s dng sng radio, sng cho hiu qu download nhanh nht. Ngoi ra HSDPA cn s dng iu ch v m ho thch ng (Adaptive Modulation and Coding), HARQ nhanh (Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request), v lp lch gi (Packet Scheduling) nhanh. Nhng tnh nng ny c phi hp cht ch v cho php thch ng cc tham s truyn dn theo mi khong thi gian TTI nhm lin tc hiu chnh s thay i ca cht lng knh v tuyn. 1.2 Nhng ci tin quan trng ca HSDPA so vi WCDMA.

Hnh 2: Cc tnh nng c bn ca HSDPA khi so snh vi WCDMA Trong WCDMA, iu khin cng sut nhanh nhm gi n nh cht lng tn hiu nhn c (Eb/No) bng cch tng cng sut pht nhm chng li s suy hao ca tn hiu thu c. iu ny s to ra cc gi tr nh trong cng sut pht v tng nn nhiu a truy cp, do s lm gim dung lng ca ton mng. Hn th na, s hot ng ca iu khin cng sut yu cu lun lun phi m bo mt mc d tr nht nh trong tng cng sut pht ca Node B thch ng vi cc bin i ca n. Loi b c iu khin cng sut s trnh c cc hiu ng tng cng sut k trn cng nh khng cn ti d tr cng sut pht ca t bo.
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Tuy nhin, do khng s dng iu khin cng sut, HSDPA yu cu cc k thut thch ng lin kt khc thch ng cc tham s tn hiu pht nhm lin tc bm theo cc bin thin ca knh truyn v tuyn. Mt trong nhng yu cu thch ng lin kt s c cp trong khun kh bi kho lun ny c gi l iu ch v m ho thch ng - AMC. Vi k thut AMC, iu ch v t l m ho oc thch ng mt cch lin tc vi cht lng knh thay cho vic hiu chnh cng sut. Truyn dn s dng nhiu m Walsh cng c s dng trong qu trnh thch ng lin kt. S kt hp ca hai k thut thch ng lin kt trn thay th hon ton k thut h s tri ph bin thin trong WCDMA do kh nng thch ng chm i vi s bin thin ca truyn dn v tuyn tc cao. Do HSDPA khng cn s dng iu khin cng sut vng kn, phi ti thiu ho s thay i ca cht lng knh v tuyn trong mi khong thi gian TTI, vn ny c thc hin nh vic gim rng ca TTI t 10 ms WCDMA xung cn 2ms HSDPA. Vi s b sung k thut HARQ nhanh, n cn cho php pht li mt cch nhanh nht cc block d liu b mt hoc b li v kh nng kt hp vi thng tin mm ln pht u tin vi cc ln pht li sau . thu thp c thng tin v thng tin cht lng knh hin thi cho php cc k thut thch ng lin kt v lp lch gi theo di gim st mt cch lin tc cc iu khin v tuyn hin ti ca thu bao di ng, lp iu khin trung gian MAC th lm nhim v gim st knh nhanh cho php B lp lch gi nhanh v c tnh chia s theo thi gian ca knh HS-DSCH v bn cht c th xem nh phn tp la chn a ngi dung vi nhng li ch rt to ln i vi vic ca thin thng lng ca t bo. Vic chuyn dch chc nng lp lch n Node B l thay i chnh v kin trc nu so snh vi phin bn R99 ca WCDMA.

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1.3 Nguyn l hot ng ca HSDPA

Hnh 3 : Nguyn l hot ng c bn ca HSDPA HSDPA gm cc gii php: + Thc hin an xen thi gian truyn dn ngn TTI=2ms + M ho v iu ch thch ng AMC + Truyn dn a m, lp vt l tc cao L1 + Yu cu lp t ng li H-ARQ. Trong gii php HSDPA, thit b sp xp gi tin s c chuyn t b iu khin mng v tuyn RNC ti Node-B nhm gip ngi s dng d dng truy nhp vo cc chc nng thng k giao din v tuyn. K thut sp xp gi tin tin tin s gip iu chnh c tc d liu ngi s dng sao cho thch hp vi cc iu kin knh v tuyn tc thi. Trong qu trnh kt ni, thit b ngi s dng (UE) s nh k gi mt ch th cht lng knh CQI ti Node-B cho bit tc d liu no (bao gm k thut iu ch v m ha, s lng cc m s dng) m thit b ny c th h tr khi di cc iu kin v tuyn hin thi. ng thi, UE gi mt bo nhn (Ack/Nack) ng
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vi mi gi gip Node-B bit c thi im lp li qu trnh truyn d liu. Cng vi chc nng thng k cht lng knh tng ng cho tng UE trong mt cell, thit b sp xp gi tin s thc hin sp xp cc gi ca cc UE mt cch cng bng. Vn chng ta cn quan tm l cht lng knh ng truyn ca mi ngi s dng c lp v cch xc nh n. V d nh: T l cng sut k hiu trn tp nhiu (t s Es/No), cht lng b tch UE. Nt B c th c lng tc d liu c h tr cho mi UE bng cch gim st cc lnh iu khin cng sut pht theo chu k mt gi tr ch th cht lng knh (CQI Channel Quality Indicator) c th ca HSPDA trn knh iu khin vt l dnh ring tc cao (HS-DPCCH) ng ln, knh ny cng mang c thng tin bo hiu chp nhn/khng chp nhn (Ask/Nask) dng gi da trn L1 cho mi knh lin kt. Khi c tnh c cht lng knh, h thng chia s ti nguyn m v cng sut HS-DSCH gia nhng ngi s dng khc nhau. Lp iu khin truy nhp mi trng (MAC-Medium Access Control) c t ti nt B, do cho php truy nhp nhanh hn ti cc gi tr o lng tuyn kt ni, lp lch gi hiu qu hn v nhanh hn, cng nh c th kim sot cht lng QoS cht ch hn. So snh vi k thut DMA truyn thng, knh HS-DSCH khng thc hin vi iu kin cng sut pht nhanh v h s tri ph c nh. Bng cch s dng k thut m ha Turbo tc thay i, iu ch 16 QAM, cng nh hot ng a m m rng, knh HS-DSCH h tr tc d liu nh t 120Kbps ti hn 10Mbps. Qu trnh iu ch v m ha thch ng c bn c mt di rng khong 20dB, v c m rng hn na s a m kh dng.

Bng 1: Tc d liu nh ca HSDPA trong mt s trng hp

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T bng 3 ta c th phn no hnh dung c kt ni gia mt khun dng truyn ti v kt ni ti nguyn (TFRC) c th v tc d liu nh tng ng.

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1.4. Cu trc HSDPA 1.4.1. M hnh giao thc HSDPA

Hnh 4: Kin trc giao din v tuyn ca knh truyn ti HS-DSCH Trong cu trc HSDPA, thit b sp xp gi tin s c chuyn t b iu khin mng v tuyn RNC ti Node-B nhm gip ngi s dng d dng truy nhp vo cc chc nng thng k giao din v tuyn. K thut sp xp gi tin tin tin s gip iu chnh c tc d liu ngi s dng sao cho thch hp c vi cc iu kin knh v tuyn tc thi. Nu nh tt c cc knh truyn ti theo kin trc R99, chng u chm dt ti RNC th knh HS-DSCH li chm dt ngay ti Node-B nhm mc ch iu khin knh HS-DSCH, lp MAC-hs (lp iu khin truy cp trung gian tc cao) s iu khin cc ti nguyn ca knh ny v nm ngay ti Node-B. Do cho php nhn cc bn tin v cht lng knh hin thi c th tip tc theo di gim st cht lng knh hin thi c th lin tc theo di gim st cht lng tn hiu cho thu bao tc thp. V tr ny ca MAC-hs ti Node-B cng cho php kch hot giao thc HARQ t lp vt l, n gip cho cc qu trnh pht li din ra nhanh hn.
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Hnh 5: Cu trc lp MAC-hs c bit hn, lp MAC-hs chu trch nhim qun l chc nng HARQ cho mi user, phn phi ti nguyn HS-DSCH gia tt c cc hnh MAC-d theo s u tin ca chng (v d nh lp lch gi) v la chn khun dng truyn ti thch hp cho mi TTI (v d nh thch ng lin kt). Cc lp giao din v tuyn nm trn MAC khng thay i so vi kin trc R99 bi v HSPDA ch tp trung vo vic ci tin truyn ti ca cc knh logic. Lp MAC-hs cng lu gi d liu ca user c pht qua giao din v tuyn, iu to ra mt s thch thc i vi vic ti u ha dung lng b nh m ca Node-B. Trong qu trnh kt ni, thit b ngi s dng (UE) s nh k gi mt ch th cht lng knh CQI ti Node-B cho bit tc d liu no (bao gm k thut iu ch v m ha, s lng cc m s dng) m thit b ny c th h tr khi di cc iu kin v tuyn hin thi. ng thi, UE gi mt bo nhn (Ask/Nask) ng vi mi gi gip Node-B bit c thi im lp li qu trnh truyn d liu. Cng vi chc nng thng k cht lng knh tng ng cho tng UE trong mt cell, thit b sp xp gi tin s thc hin sp xp cc gi ca cc UE mt cch cng bng.

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1.4.2. Cu truc knh

Hnh 6 : Giao din v tuyn ca HSDPA Tai nguyn chung cua ngi s dung trong t bao bao gm cac b ma knh va cng sut phat. Khai nim HSDPA c gii thiu bao gm mt s knh vt ly thm vao: - Knh vt ly chia se ng xung tc cao HS-PDSCH (High Speed Physical Downlink Shared Channel) Knh iu khin vt ly HS-DPCCH (HS-Physical Control Channel)

1.4.2.1. Knh vt ly chia se ng xung tc cao: HS-PDSCH Trong knh ny thi gian v m ho c chia s gia nhng ngi s dng gn lin vi Node-B. y l c cu truyn ti cho cc knh logic c thm vo: + Knh chia s ng xung tc cao HS-DSCH (HS-Downlink Shared Channel).
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+ Knh iu khin chia s tc cao HS-SCCH (HS-Shared Control Channel). Nhng ti nguyn m ho HS-DSCH gm c mt hoc nhiu b m nh hng vi h s phn b c nh SF 16. Phn ln 15 b m ny c th phn b cho nhng yu cu v truyn dn d liu v iu khin. Cc ti nguyn m ho sn sng c chia s ch yu trong min thi gian nhng n c th chia s ti nguyn m ho bng cch dng m ho a thnh phn. Khi c thi gian v b m c chia s, t hai n bn ngi s dng c th chia s ti nguyn m ho trong cng mt TTI. Tc ln

Hnh 7 : Thi gian v b m c chia s trong HS-DSCH c tnh quan trng ca knh HS-DSCH l tnh linh ng ca ngun c chia s trong khong thi gian rt ngn 2ms. Khi d liu ngi dng c t trn knh HS-DSCH, chng lin tc c gi i trong khe thi gian 2ms . Ngc li, vi phin bn R99 ca WCDMA cn c thm khong DTX khong truyn gin on nm trn khe DPDCH, n c tc dng lc nhiu trn ng truyn nhng khng th t c tc ln nht. V R99 ra i vi mc tiu chnh l tng dung lng h thng cho cc dch v thoi so vi h thng 2G (GSM) m thi ch cha s t c nhng yu cu v k vng i dch v s liu v tc h tr d liu cn thp (khong 384 kbps). i vi dch v thoi th chng ta bit, ngun ti nguyn (m, cng sut, nhiu) yu cu truyn dn dch v ny l khng thay i
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(do tc truyn dn l khng thay i) do iu khin cng sut thc s hiu qu v n gim nhiu MAI lm cho dung lng knh thoi m h thng c th p ng trn mt n v ti nguyn v tuyn tng ln. Tuy vy khi trin khai cc dch v s liu (File Transfer, Internet Access, Email,) chng ta thy rng c th ca nhng dch v ny l yu cu ngun ti nguyn rt ln v trong khong mt thi gian ngn. V d nh nu truy nhp vo mt trang web no th cng mt lc ni dung vn bn v hnh nh ca website cn truyn n my u cui trong mt khong nht nh. Sau khi ni dung trang web download v my u cui th thng thng ngi s dng s xem ni dung v khng truy nhp ti nguyn h thng na. Nhng dch v m yu cu ngun ti nguyn ln v trong khong thi gian ngn nh vy, trong k thut ngi ta gi chung mt tn l bursty data service. Vi knh HS-DSCH trong HSDPA th ngi ta cp pht 15 m tri ph vi h s tri 16 dng chung gia cc my trong cng mt sector. Cc my c cp pht ti nguyn trong tng khong thi gian nht nh (TDM). B scheduler s cp pht ti nguyn: bao nhiu m tri ph, cng sut l bao nhiu ph thuc vo yu cu dch v, trng thi knh ca user .

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Hnh 8 : Trng thi knh ca cc user

Nh hnh v trn, ti khong thi gian u tin User 1 c trng thi knh tt nn b scheduler a ra quyt nh cp pht ti nguyn cho User ny. Khi quyt nh cp pht ti nguyn cho User 1 ny, k thut thch ng cng c p dng. Nu trng thi knh ca User lc ny tt v nhu cu v tc truyn dn ln th my pht c th dng iu ch 16-QAM hoc m knh vi t l m ln truyn tc ln hn. n khong thi gian th 2, User 2 s c cp pht truyn dn v User 2 c trng thi knh tt hn nh trn hnh v. Bng vic cp pht ti nguyn ng, kt hp vi
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k thut thch ng (ACM) chng ta c th thy rng knh truyn dn chung lun c cht lng knh mc tt c th hin ng nt t trn hnh v. Ngoai d liu ngi s dung,Node-B con thc hin truyn dn bao hiu iu khin nhm thng bao sp xp cho ngi dung k tip.Bao hiu nay c sp xp trong knh iu khin chia se tc cao(HS-SCCH),la knh dung chung cho cac ngoi s dung,va no c thc hin bng cach truyn dn hai khe thi gian HS-SCCH TTI.Knh HS-SCCH mang nhng thng tin sau: -Mt la ID cua nhng ngi dung c trng UE.Nhim vu chinh cua mt la la xac inh ngi dung c phuc vu trong chu ky TTI tip theo. -Thng tin lin quan n khun dang truyn tai,m ta cac ma inh knh,phng thc ky thut iu ch c s dung.Ty l ma hoa c trich ra t kich c cua block truyn tai va cac tham s khun dang truyn tai khac. -Thng tin lin quan n HARQ: o co th la chu ky phat tip theo se la mt block mi hay la mt block c phat lai(do co th gp li trc o nn yu cu phat lai) va thng tin v cac phin ban. Thng tin iu khin nay chi c s dung cho cac UE se c phuc vu trong chu ky tip theo,nh vy knh bao hiu nay la mt knh chia se theo thi gian cho tat ca cac user.

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Hinh 9 : H thng trong trng hp 1 knh HS-SCCH va phn chia a thi gian

Hinh 10: H thng trong trng hp nhiu knh HS-SCCH va phn chia a thi gian. RNC cung co th chi ro cng sut c khuyn nghi HS-SCCH ( lch lin quan ti cac bit hoa tiu cua knh DPCH kt hp).Cng sut phat cua HS-SCCH co th la hng s hoc thay i theo thi gian tuy theo mt chin lc iu khin cng sut nao cho HS-DCCH. 1.4.2.2.Knh iu khin vt ly tc cao:HS-DPCCH

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y la knh ng ln ,c s dung mang tin hiu bao nhn (ACK) n Node-B trn mi Block.No cung c dung chi thi chat lng knh CQI (Channel Quality),la yu t c s dung trong AMC.

Hnh 11: Cu trc knh HS-DPCCH Knh HS-DPCCH dung c inh h s phn b 256 va co mt khe cu truc co rng la 2/3 ms. +Khe u tin c s dung cho thng tin v HARQ. +Hai khe con lai c danh cho CQI. Thng tin v HARQ lun lun c gi khi ma knh HS-SCCH giai ma chinh xac nhn ng tach song xung trong khi o QCI truyn tn s c iu khin thng s K. Ca hai khe u hoat ng ring bit lp iu khin.Vi du,trong mt s trng hp,qua trinh lp lai nay din ra vi chu ky 2ms va hoat ng canh cua t bao khi cng sut hin tai khng chc chn u cho qua trinh lp lai.Cng sut iu khin t nhng t bao HSDPA cung co th lam giam bt cng sut nhn t knh HS-DPCCH

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trong qua trinh chuyn giao trong min nho nh thit bi u cui lam giam cng sut truyn nu mi t bao hoat ng gi mt lnh yu cu. Nh vy la vic khng dung iu khin cng sut ma iu khin cp phat ngun tai nguyn se lam cho dung lng h thng tng nh li dung c tinh bin i cua knh fading.Ro rang bng vic s dung iu khin truyn dn a lam thay i cach nhin v fading.Nu trc y chung ta coi o la mt nhc im cua mi trng truyn dn h va tim cach tranh,xoa bo thi by gi chung ta lai c nh no do chung ta hiu va s dung no ung tinh hung. Dung lng cua h thng theo phng phap nay cang tng nu nh mt thu bao trong sector cang cao vi vi nhiu user phn b u tt ca cac vi tri trong Cell thi bt c thi im nao cung co it nht mt User co trang thai knh cc tt truyn dn vi tc cc ln. tng dung lng nay ngi ta thng nhc n vi tn goi phn tp a ngi s dung-Multi-User Diversity.Tuy nhin co ngi se t ra mt cu hoi la:Nu b scheduler quyt inh cp phat tai nguyn da trn trang thai knh cua may u cui thi se co trng hp co User se khng truyn dn c trong mt khoang thi gian dai vi User nay lun trang thai knh kem hn nhng User khac?. Thc mc nay hoan toan hp ly.Va no dn n vn cn bng gia dung lng h thng va s thoa man i vi ngi s dung.S thoa man y nghia la khng mt User phai i qua lu mi c truy nhp h thng. at c yu t cn bng nay cac b Scheduler c thit k ngoai da trn nguyn tc trn con phai kt hp vi nguyn tc Round-Robin (first come,first sever).Va mi nha san xut thit bi se co nhng la chon thit k khac nhau ch khng nha san xut nao ging nha san xut nao vi ban thn vn nay chi c a ra nguyn ly trong 3GPP va 3GPP2 ch khng chun hoa thanh mt ky thut c bit cu th. Mt iu thu vi khac na cn phai nhc n la khng dung iu khin cng sut ma iu khin thu phat co ng lc tt i vi s phat trin cua thi trng may u cui.iu nay co th c giai thich nh sau:Khi iu khin thu phat,b lp lich goi da vao nhng thng tin trang thai knh do MS gi v(Channel Quality Indicator
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Channel).Ma thng thi MS se da vao tham s SIR (Signal To Inteference Ratio) yu cu b lp lich cp phat tai nguyn.Do o,may di ng cang hin ai nghia la kha nng nen nhiu cang ln(Nghia la SIR ln) thi b lp lich cp phat va iu khin BTS phat vi tc cao hn.Nh vy nu khach hang u t may u cui hin ai se c li ch khng phai la h iu hanh hng li nh s dung iu khin cng sut.Vi vi iu khin cng sut,nu may u cui tt,BTS yu cu MS giam cn sut phat,do o nhiu giam va dung lng h thng tng.Khi dung lng tng o la li ich cua h iu hanh ch khng phai la li ich cua ngi s dung.Vi li ich thuc v khach hang nh vy co th noi y la yu t kich thich qua trinh tiu thu may u cui si ng hn. 1.5. Cac ky thut s dung trong HSDPA 1. 5.1. iu ch va Ma hoa thich ng.Ky thut truyn dn a ma. Trong thng tin di ng,ty l tin trn tap (SINR) cua tin hiu nhn c tai mt thit bi ngi s dung lun bin i trong khoang t 30-40db do fading nhanh va cac ia im v ia hinh trong mt cell.Nhm cai thin dung lng cua h thng,tc d liu inh,vung phu songtin hiu truyn ti ngi dung c xac inh nhm tinh toan qua trinh thay i cht lng tin hiu thng qua qua trinh x ly lin kt thich ng.Theo truyn thng WCDMA ng dung chc nng iu khin cng sut nhanh cho cac lin kt thich ng.Ngc lai,HSDPA lu cng sut phat khng i qua TTI ng thi s dung iu ch thich ng va ma hoa (AMC) nh mt phng phap lin kt thich ng an xen nhm iu khin cng sut cai thin hiu sut ph. Ty s tap m va nhiu c xac inh bi cng thc:

Trong :
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PHS-DSCH , Pown: cng sut truyn v cng sut mang node B HS-DSCH Hng s = 0.5, Pown=12w, G= -3dB i pho vi dai ng cua ty s tap m trn nhiu Eb/No tai u cui UE,HSDPA thich ng qua trinh iu ch,ty l ma hoa va s ma hoa inh knh vi cac iu kin v tuyn hin thi.S kt hp cua hai phng phap trn goi la:iu ch va ma hoa thich ng AMC Bn canh QPSK,HSDPA con kt hp cht che vi phng thc iu ch 16QAM la mt tuy chon cho mang va thit bi ngi dung UE. S dung ng thi hai phng thc iu ch nay,c bit la phng thc iu ch cp cao 16QAM,a ra mt s thach thc nht inh i vi phc tap cua b thu u cui,no cn phai xac inh c bin tng ng cua cac ky hiu nhn c,trong khi i vi phng phap iu ch QPSK truyn thng chi yu cu tach pha tin hiu.Mt b ma hoa Turbo da trn b ma hoa Turbo R99 vi ty l ma hoa 1/3,mc du cac ty l ma hoa hiu dung trong pham vi (xp xi 1/6 n 1/1) cung co th co c bng cac ky thut ghep,trich,lp ma.Kt qua la tao ra mt dai ty l ma co ti 64 gia tri khac nhau.S kt hp cua mt kiu iu ch va mt ty l ma c goi la lc ma hoa va iu ch. Ngoai ky thut iu ch va ma hoa thich ng AMC,phat a ma cung co th coi nh la mt cng cu thich ng lin kt.Nu nh user co y u cac iu kin knh v tuyn thich hp,node B co th li dung iu kin nay bng cach phat nhiu ma song song vi nhau,nhm at c thng lng d liu inh kha ln. Vi ky thut phat a ma,toan b dai ng AMC co th c tng ln mt lng:

Toan b dai rng thich ng lin kt do AMC kt hp phat a ma xp xi 30Db.

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Node-B se xac inh tc truyn dn d liu da trn bao caov chi thi cht lng knh CQI cung nh cac thng k cng sut trn cac knh danh ring.Tc d liu c iu chinh bng cach thay i s iu ch,tc ma hoa cung nh s lng ma hoa knh HS-PDSCH.S dung iu ch thich ng va ma hoa AMC cho phep ngi s dung tin gn hn toi Node-B co th yu cu iu ch vi ty l ma hoa cao hn(chng han nh iu ch 16-QAM vi ty l ma hoa Bng 2: Lc m ha iu ch ca HSDPA v tc bt ti a kh dng vi mi m. TFRC #00 #10 #20 #30 #40 #50 #00 #10 #20 #30 #40 #50 Modulation QPSK QPSK QPSK QPSK QPSK QPSK 16QAM 16QAM 16QAM 16QAM 16QAM 16QAM Effective Code Rate (ECR) 0.14 0.27 0.39 0.52 0.64 0.77 0.32 0.38 0.45 0.54 0.65 0.77 ntanteaneous Data with 1 HS-PDSCH code 68.5 Kbps 128.5 kbps 188.5 kbps 248.5 kbps 308.0 kbps 368.5 kbps 302.5 kbps 362.0 kbps 433.0 kbps 518.0 kbps 619.5 kbps 741.5 kbps

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Hnh 12: Biu din m ho iu ch ca HSDPA v tc bit ti a kh dng vi mi m theo dB

1.5.2 K thut H- ARQ Khi vn hnh HSDPA ln cn hiu sut ph cao nht, t l li khi BLER sau ln truyn dn u tin c khuyn ngh trong khong t 10- 20%. C ch yu cu lp t ng lai H-ARQ c ng dng trong gii php HSDPA nhm gim tr v tng hiu sut ca qu trnh ti truyn dn d liu. Thc t, H- ARQ l mt giao thc dng dng li v ch SAW (Stop And Wait). Trong c ch SAW, pha truyn dn lun lun qu trnh truyn dn cc block ang hin hnh cho ti khi thit b ngi s dng hon ton nhn c d liu. tn dng thi gian khi Node- B ch cc bo nhn, c th thit lp N tin trnh SAW-AR song song cho thit b ngi dng. Do , cc tin trnh khc nhau truyn dn trong cc TTI ring bit. S tin trnh SAW-ARQ song song c thit lp ti a l 8 (N=8), tuy nhin thng thng chn gi tr N t 4-6. Thi gian tr nh nht cho php
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gia qu trnh truyn d liu gc so vi qu trnh ti truyn dn d liu ln u tin trong HSDPA l 12ms. iu khin H- ARQ lp 1 c t ti Node-B, do vic lu tr cc gi d liu phi bo nhn cng vi chc nng sp xp cc gi ca qu trnh ti truyn dn l khng ph thuc vo RNC. Nh vy s trnh c tr ti truyn dn, ngoi ra cc tr ny s thp hn tr gy ra bi qu trnhK thut HARQ l im khc c bn so vi k thut pht li trong WCDMA bi b gii m UE kt hp cc thng tin mm ca qu trnh pht li ca cng mt block cp bit. K thut ny a ra mt s yu cu v m rng dung lng b nh ca UE, do UE phi lu cc thong tin mm ca nhng ln pht gii m khng thnh cng. ti truyn dn RLC thng thng

Hnh 13: Hot ng ca giao thc SAW 4 knh Cc phng php HARQ nh sau: Kt hp khun (CC: Chase Combining) mi ln pht li ch n gin l s lp li ca t m c s dng cho ln pht u tin. u im: Vic truyn v truyn li c gii m ring l (t gii m), tng tnh a dng thi gian, c th tng tnh a dng ng truyn. Nhc im: Vic pht li ton b cc gi s lng ph v bng thng.
-

Tng d (IR : Incremental Redundancy): S pht li bao gm c thng tin d tha b xung v thng tin ny c pht km thm nu c li gii m trong ln pht u tin.

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Hnh 14: Qu trnh truyn li khi d liu IR Tng d c s dng nhn c tnh nng ti a trong bng thng sn sng. Lc ny block c pht li ch bao gm d liu sa cha ca tn hiu gc ctruyn i ch khng phi thng tin thc s. Lng thng tin d thm vo c gi i ngy cng tng ln khi qu trnh pht li lp i lp li m bn thu vn nhn b li. u im: Gim bt bng thng/ lu lng hu dng ca mt ngi s dng v dng n cho nhng ngi khc. Nhc im: Cc bit h thng ch c gi i khi truyn ln u v khng th truyn li, iu lm cho qu trnh truyn li khng th t gii m. V th, nu qu trnh truyn ln u b mt th fading rt ln s tc ng v khng c c hi khi phc li d liu trong hon cnh ny

CHNG II : NG DNG TRN HSDPA

2.1. VOIP song cng ton phn v thc y tr chuyn

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Khi so snh vi nhiu ng dng khc chy qua IP, lu lng yu cu cho VoIP song cng ton phn thp, ln trn ti vi chc Kbps, nhng nhng yu cu tim n mt khc li i hi cao hn, nh vy mt ln na , RTT v khng phi lu lng ni lin kt- l nhn t m ngi dng cui gii hn dch v thc hin v dung lng mng. Khuyn co ITU trong thi gian truyn mt ng cho ting ni song cng ton phn ni rng ngi s dng tha mn vi tr truynt ming n tai khong 280ms. Vi tr ln hn 280ms th s tng tc ca kt ni ting ni gim nhanh chng.V khi tr t n 400ms th ting ni khng tha mn vi s tng tc kt ni. Ch rng tr c ni n y l tr t ming n tai, v do khng ch bao gm tr ng truyn m cn c tr x l (m ha/ gii m) trong b pht v b nhn. Khuyn co ca lin hip vin thng quc t ngoi ra cng bao gm hng dn cho tr m ha / gii m. Vi a s cc b ly mu dng cho di ng yu cu tr ch t 50ms n 100ms. B qua tr x l th tr t lc truyn tin cho n khi kt thc l nh hn 200ms. Khi chng ta so snh yu cu tr ny vi RTT thp hn 200ms trong WCDMA v thp hn 100ms trong HSPA. R rng rng VOIP lm vic tt trong c 2 cng ngh.Vi RTT ngn hn trong lin kt v tuyn HSPA, tr cho php trong ng truyn HSPA l ln hn so vi WCDMA. Ch rng khi ti HSPA tng ln th RTT cng tng. Vi cc ng dng thc y tr chuyn th tr yu cu t ming ti tai l t i hi cao hn so vi VOIP song cng ton phn. Mt khc, nhng ng dng ny t nhng yu cu cht ch trn vic thit t thi gian cho kt ni v tuyn. iu ny l bi v mi thi gian ngi s dng yu cu tr chuyn, h thng phi thit t mt kt ni v tuyn, thi gian lm iu ny trc tip nh hng n ngi dng kt ni ti cuc tr chuyn

2.2. Tr chi vi thi gian thc C nhiu nhm tr chi mng, v cc nhm ny c yu cu khc nhau trn mng di ng, nhng yu cu ny ph thuc thi gian thit lp kt ni v tuyn v tui th ca pin. Di y l cc v d v cc nhm tr chi - Nhng tr chi hot ng thi gian thc.
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Nhng tr chi chin lc thi gian thc. - Nhng tr chi chin lc trn nn quay Yu cu cht ch nht l cc tr chi hot ng thi gian thc. Trong khi tc truyn theo bit ti a ca nhng tr chi hot ng nh vy him khi vt hn 100 200 kbps v tc truyn theo bit trung bnh thng khong 10- 30 kbps. RTT yu cu tr in hnh 125-250ms cho nhng tr chi i hi cao nht. Do , HSPA s c kh nng h tr vic chi trn nn hot ng vi s np thc hin min l mng ngi dng cui kim sot tt. Yu cu tc d liu cho nhng tr chi hot ng thi gian thc thay i rt nhanh. HSPA c u im hn so vi Release 99 v tc d liu c th c p ng ngay lp tc.
-

2.3. Lung TV di ng Vic cung cp lung video c cht lng tt i vi mt mn nh di ng s dng b ly mu video gn y nht yu cu tc t 32 n 128 kbps ph thuc vo ni dung. a s nhng kiu ni dung mang dung lng 64 Kbps cht lng s tt.Cc mng WCDMA c th cung cp 64-128kbps vi cht lng rt tt. Tuy nhin, ci m HSPA mang l nhiu kh nng hn, m ln lt cho php th trng tc truyn theo bit cao ti nhng ngi dng cui. Nhng mng v tuyn trc th h 3G. th ch t c tc d liu 50- 200 kbps, trong khi 3G mng vi kh nng HSDPA c th cung cp nhng tc d liu ln ti 1 Mbps. Do , cc ng dng lung phi lm thch nghi tc phng tin truyn thng. S thch nghi tc phng tin truyn thng lung c h tr trong mt s thit b u cui, trong khi s h tr y ca 3 GPP tiu chun ha s thch nghi tc phng tin truyn thng c bao gm vo 3 GPP ln thnh phin bn R6. la chn tc phng tin truyn thng thch hp ngi phc v lung cn phi bit: - Loi trm di ng no hng ti. Trong trng hp l mt thit b u cui vi nhng kh nng tc truyn theo bit hn ch, tc phng tin truyn thng cn phi tnh n nhng hn ch .
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- Tc phng tin truyn thng ban u no cn phi c s dng c th trong mt mng 2G, v i khi n c th trong mt mng 3G - Khi no tng hay gim bt tc phng tin truyn thng. Trong thc t, trm di ng v thng tin trao i ngi phc v v nhng kh nng ca h trc khi lung bt u. iu ny nh th no th bc 1 c gii quyt. S chn lc nhp phng tin truyn thng ban u kh khn hn. Trong mng ngy nay n da vo m hnh mng in thoi. Khi tc truyn theo bit ca cc gii php dch v c t trong nhng thit b u cui v cc mng WCDMA v HSPA ri tc truyn theo bit c th c s dng hng dn s chn lc nhp phng tin truyn thng ban u. 2.4 Email Cc gi tr tr trong mng HSPA thng thp cho cc ng dng th in t. Thm ch nu ngi s dng khng ti cc file nh km hoc gi th in t, ng dng th in t dng gi tin nhn ti in thoi di ng: - Tiu th v vi KB u tin ca mi email nhn c c y ti thit b u cui. - Gi cc tin nhn hot ng c trao i gia my ch v thit b u cui. Kch thc ca cc tin nhn c gi l rt nh. Hnh 23 cho ta mt c lng tiu th cng sut ca in thoi di ng trn nhng tin nhn c gi li c mI 4 pht v nhn 0 50 tn nhn email 1 gi .

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Hnh 15: c lng tiu th cng sut ca in thoi di ng

Vic gi cc tin nhn hot ng c mang trn cc knh RACH/FACH trong khi cc phn ca tin nhn- ca 1 vi KB- c mang trn HS-DSCH Vic tiu th cng sut ngun c trnh by trong hnh 23. Tiu th ngun ph thuc vo s lng tin nhn nhn c v cc thng s thit t trn mng v tuyn. Nu chng t gi s cc ng h 5-sec DCH v FACH 50 tin nhn 1 gi, thit b di ng chun l 53h s s dng 1000mAp cng sut pin. S tnh ton ny chng minh rng cc thng s trong ng dng y email tt trong mng v tuyn.

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Hnh 16: Truy cp email t mobile s dng pin 1000-mAh Nu trng thi PCH khng c s dng bi mng, UE c di chuyn t FACH ti trng thi ri v kt ni RRC c gii phng. Khi d liu ti ng xung t li mng 3G , kt ni RRC cn c chim gi. Kt ni RRC thit t cc th tc c th tng tiu th cng sut u cui v gim thi gian chun s dng pin. S dng trng thi PCH l c li t c thi gian chun s dng di.

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KT LUN Chnh thc c a vo hot ng ln u tin vo nm 2005, tnh n cui nm 2006 c 19 nh cung cp 66 sn phm ng dng cng ngh HSDPA, trong c 32 sn phm in thoi di ng. u th ca HSPA khi hin ti c trin khai ti khong 150 mng trn 60 quc gia v 25 nh khai thc trin khai HSPA tc 7.2Mbps. Ngoi ra, gii php ny cn nhm cung cp cc gii php ti u ha chi ph, tit kim chi ph u t hiu qu hn chi ph lp t thit b trin khai nh cc nh khai thc c th cung cp dch v cho nhiu i tng a dng hn . Vi nhng ci tin mang tnh t ph, HSDPA l mt cng ngh ang c ch trng pht trin. Trn thc t, th trng ca HSDPA pht trin mnh m nht, c bit l giai on khi u, l nhng nc pht trin, ni c lng khch hng khng l s dng in thoi di ng cht lng cao. L do l v nhng chic in thoi HSDPA s c gi thnh cao hn hn nhng chic in thoi thng thng c nhm vo th trng nhng nc pht trin thp hn. S mt nhiu thi gian HSDPA thc s tr nn ph bin. Tnh n cui nm 2005, hu ht cc nc trn th gii khng c mng 3G. Rt nhiu nh cung cp dch v di ng ang c gng trin khai mng 3G v c th c nng cp thnh mng 3.5G theo nhu cu ca th trng. Xt v lu di, tng lai v s thnh cng ca cng ngh HSDPA vn cn kh m m, bi y khng phi l cng ngh download v truyn ti d liu duy nht c pht trin ti thi im ny. Hn na, nhng cng ngh truyn thng nh CDMA2000 1xEV-DO v WiMax ang l nhng chun cng ngh c nhiu trin vng hn. Do l mt phin bn nng cp ca W-CDMA, HSDPA khng c nhiu kh nng thnh cng ti nhng ni m W-CDMA c pht trin. Do , thnh cng cui cng ca HSDPA nh mt sn phm ca cng ngh 3.5G s ph thuc rt nhiu vo s thnh cng ca W-CDMA vi t cch l mt sn phm ca cng ngh 3G.

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