CHAPTER 5: VARIATIONS

IMPORTANT CONCEPTS: Statement y varies directly as x P varies directly as Q2 M is directly proportional to

N

Direct Variations Using symbol ` , y P M

x Q2
N

Equation with k as constant of variation y = kx P = kQ2 M=k

N

Statement y varies inversely as x P varies inversely as Q2 M is inversely proportional to

N

Inverse Variations Using symbol ` , y P M

1 x 1 Q2 1 N

Equation with k as constant of variation k y= x k P= Q2 k M= N

Statement w varies directly as x and y P varies directly as q and r2 s varies directly t and inversely as u d varies directly as e2 and inversely as f R varies inversely as M and
N

Joint Variations Using symbol ` , w P s d R

xy q r2
t u
e2 f

Equation with k as constant of variation w = kxy P = kq r2 s= d=

kt u
ke 2 f

1 M N

R=

k M N

4 steps to solve problems involving variations: STEP 1 : Change the statement using the symbol . STEP 2 : Write down the equation connecting the variables using k as the constant of variation. STEP 3 : Find the value of k. STEP 4 : Find the value of variable required. Objective Questions
Variations

171

1.

The table shows relation between the variables, x and y. If y x , find the value X Y A. 10 7 B. 14 5 2 5 C. 8 7 M D. 35 2

of m.

2. m n 2 9 X 25

The table shows the relation between the variables, m and n. If m varies inversely as the square root of n, then x = A. 18 25 B. 6 5 C. 28 3 D. 50 9

3.

It is given that y

v2 , and y = 6 when v = 4 and w = 8, calculate the positive value of v w when y = 25 and w = 3.

A. 5

B. 6

C. 12.5

D. 25 1 , express y in terms of x. 3 3 D. y = 5x

4.

Given that y varies inversely as x and y = 5 when x = A. y =

15 x

B. y = 15x

C. y =

5 3x

5.

Given that y varies directly as x, and y = 6 when x = 2, express y in terms of x. A. y = 1 3x B. y = 3x C. y = 12x D. y = 12 x

6.

Given that P varies inversely as A. P = 2 3

Q

, and P = 2 when Q = 9, express P in terms of Q.

Q

B. P = 6

C. P =

6 Q

D. P =

18 Q

7.

The relation between the variables, P, x and y is represented by P x m y n . If P varies directly as the square of x and inversely as the cube of y, then m + n = A. -1 B. 1 C. 5 D. -6

Variations

172

8.

Given that y varies directly as x n . If x is the radius and y is the height of the cylinder whose volume is a constant, then the value of n is A. -2 B. 1 C. 2 D. 3

9.

The table shows the corresponding values of d and e. The relation between the variables d and e is represented by d e A.e d 1 30 B. e 4 15
1 d

9 10

16 7.5 D. e

C. e

1 d

1 d2

10.

T varies directly as the square root of p and inversely as the square root of g. This joint variation can be written as A. T

p g

B. T

p2 g

C. T

p g

D. T

p g2

11.

It is given that m varies inversely as s and t. If m = 3 when s = 2 and t = 4, find the value of m when s = 2 and t = 6. A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5

12.

It is given that G

1 H2

H = 5M -1. If G =3 when M = 2, express G in terms of H.

A. G = 13.

9 H2
d e f

B. G =

27 H2
8 X 5

C. G =

243 H2

D. G =

243 H

6 3 2

The table shows the relation between the three variables d, e and f. If d value of x A. 6 14. It is given that y A. 1 2 B. 10 C. 12

e , calculate the f

D. 13

x n . If y varies inversely as the square root of x, then the value of n is B. 1 2 C. -1 D. 2

15.
Variations

173

F 6 12

G 9 m

H 2 3

The table shows the relation between the three variables, F,G and H. If F varies directly as the square root of G and inversely as H, then the value of m is A. 3 16. S P M 2 3 4 3 1 X
1 , calculate the P M

B. 9

C. 81

D. 144

The table shows the relation between the variables, S, P and M. If S value of x A. 4 B. 8 C. 16

D. 64

17.

Given that p
9x2 2y

x2 and p = 6 when x = 2 and y = 3, express p in terms of x and y y

A. p =

B. p =

2x2 9y

C. p =

x2 9y

D. p =

9x2 y

18.

Given that y varies directly as x 2 and that y = 80 when x = 4, express y in terms of x A. y = x 2 B. y = 5x C. y = 5x 2 D. y =

1280 x2

19. w x y 2 12 9 3 24 m

Variations

174

The table shows the relation between the three variables, w, x and y. If w the value of m A. 2 20. B. 4 C. 8

x y

, calculate

D. 16

If M varies directly as the square root of N, the relation between M and N is A. M

B. M

N2

C. M

1 2

D. M

1
1

N2

21.

Given that v

m and v = 8 when m = 16 and n = 5. Calculate the value of v when n

m = 36 and n = 15.

A.
22.

B. 4

C. 6

D. 8

Y varies directly as the x n and y = 8 when x = 1. Find positive value of x when y = 1 and n = 2. 2 1 1 A. B. 3 C. D. 8 2 4 It is given that y varies inversely to F. Given that E = 6 when F = equation between E and F. A. E = 3F B. E = 12F C. E = 3 F D. E =
1 , hence, find the 2

23.

12 F
24. Given that y

x 3 and y = when x = 3 and w = 1. Find the value of x when y = w 2

-2 and w = 64.

A.

-32

B. -16

C. 16

D. 32

25.

Given that s vw and s = 12 when v = 2 and w = -3, calculate the value of v when s = 20 and w = 5.

Variations

175

A.
26.

-2

B. -3

C. 2

D. 3

B.

y varies directly as square root of x and inversely as z squared. If the relation between y, x and z is written as y xm z n , find the value of m and n. A. m = 2, n = -2 m = -2, n = 2 1 C. m= ,n=2 2 1 D. m= , n = -2 2

27. Given that y is directly proportional to u2 and inversely proportional to v. If y = 4 when u = 8 and v = 40, express y in terms of u and w. 2u 5v 5u 2 B. y = 2v A. y = 28.

5v 2u 2 5v D. y = 4u 2
C. y =

Given that y varies inversely as x squared and x = 3p 1. If y = 3 when p = 2, express y in terms of x.

A. B.
29.

25 x2 75 y= 2 x
y=

C. y = D. y =
75 x

25 x

Given that G

e and G = 6 when e = 18 and h = 36. Calculate the value of h when h

G = 4 and e = 10.

A. B.
30.

5 2 5

25 4 D. 25

C.

The table above shows some values of the variables e, f and g which satisfy the condition of g

e 8 64

f
3

. Calculate the value of N. F 4 32 G 10 N

Variations

176

A. B. 31.

40 42 Given that H =24. 9 2 1 1 B. 2 A.

C. 50 D. 65

G and G = 2K + 3. If H = 10 when K = 1, find the value of K when H

C. 8 D. 10

SPM PAST YEAR QUESTIONS

1. SPM 2003(Nov) Given that p is directly proportional to n 2 and p = 36, express p in terms of n A. p = n 2 B. p = 4n 2 C. p = 9n 2 D. p = 12n 2

2. SPM 2003(Nov) w x y 2 8 4 3 18 n

The table shows some values of the variables, w, x and y which satisfy the relationship w
x y

, calculate the value of n B. 9 C. 12 D. 36

A. 6

3. SPM 2004(Nov) P varies directly as the square root of Q. The relation between P and Q is 1 1 1 A. P Q 2 B. P Q 2 C. P Q2 4. SPM 2004(Nov) P 3 6
Variations

D. P

1 Q2

M 8 w

r 4 9

177

The table shows the relation between the three variables p, m and r. Given that , calculate the value of w A. 16 5. SPM 2004(July) B. 24 C. 36 D. 81

m r

n . It is given that p = 4 when n = 8 and r = 6. r Calculate the value of p when n = 64 and r = 3

The relation between p, n and r is p

A. 16 6. SPM 2004(July)

B. 24

C. 32

D. 48

It is given that p varies inversely with w and p = 6 when w = 2. Express p in terms of w. A. p =

3 w

B.

1 2 w

C. p = 3w

D. p = 12w

7. SPM 2005(Nov) The table shows some values of the variables x and y such that y varies inversely as the root of x. x y 4 6 16 3

square

Find the relation between y and x. A. y = 3

x

B.

12 x

C.

3 2 x 8

D.

96 x2

8. SPM 2005(Nov) It is given that y varies directly as the square root of x and y = 15 when x = 9. Calculate the value of x when y = 30. A. 5 B. 18 C. 25 D. 36

9. SPM 2005(Nov) The table shows some values of the variables w, x and y such that w varies directly as the square of x and inversely as y. W 40 M Calculate the value of m. A. 90
Variations

x 4 6

y 2 4

B. 45

C. 30

D. 15

178

10. SPM 2005(July) Table shows values of the variables x and y. x y 3 5 m 15

It is given x varies directly with y. Calculate the value of m. A. 6 B. 9 C. 12 11. SPM 2005(July)

D. 15

P varies directly with the square of R and inversely with Q. It is given that P = 2 when Q = 3 and R = 4. Express P in terms of R and Q. 4Q 32 Q 3R 2 3 R A. P = B. C. D. P = 2 Q 8Q 3 R 3R 12. SPM 2006(July) It is given that y varies inversely with x and y = 21 when x = 3. Express y in terms of x. x 1 63 A. y = 7x B. y = C. y = D. y = 7 63 x x 13. SPM 2006(July) Table 2 shows two sets of values of Y, V and W. Y 3 5 m V 3 5 W 12 18

It is given that Y varies directly with the square of V and inversely with W. Find the value of m. 5 4 1 0 6 A. B. C. D. 3 9 9 25

14. SPM 2007(Nov) Table 1 shows some values of the variables x and y. x y 2 4 n 32

It is given that y varies directly as the cube of x. Calculate the value of n. A. 4 B. 8 C. 16 D. 30 15. SPM 2007(Nov) P varies inversely as the square root of M. Given that the constant is k, find the relation between P and M.
Variations

179

A.

P = kM

1 2

B. P =

k M
1 2

C. P = kM

D. P =

k M2

16. SPM 2007(Nov) The relation between the variables x, y and z is x z = 8. Calculate the value of z when x = A. 2 17. SPM 2007(Jun) It is given that P varies inversely with Q and P = and Q. A. P = 4 Q 5 B. P = 1 Q 5 C. P =
4 5Q

y 5 . It is given that x = when y = 2 and z 4

B. 18

5 and y = 6. 3 C. 32

D. 72

2 1 when Q = . Find the relation between P 5 2 D. P =

1 5Q

18. SPM 2007(Jun) Table shows some values of the variables F, G and H that satisfy F F 20 108 Calculate the value of p. A. 5 B. 9 C. 10 D. 18 G 2 6 H 3 p
G2 . H

19. SPM 2008(Nov) Table shows some values of the variables R and T. It is given that R varies directly as T . R T Find the value of y. A. 24 20. SPM 2008(Nov) Given y varies inversely as x 3 , and that y = 4 when x = . Calculate the value of x when y =
Variations

54 36

72 y

B. 27

C. 48

D. 64

1 . 1 6

180

A.

1 8

B.

C. 2

D. 8

21. SPM 2008(Nov) It is given that P varies directly as the square root of Q and inversely as the square of R. Find the relation between P, Q and R. A. P
Q2

R 22. SPM 2008 (Jun)

B. P

Q R
2

C. P

R2 Q

D. P

R Q2

It is given that p varies directly as the square root of w and that p = 5 when w = 4 . Express p in terms of w. A. p =
5 2 w 16

B. p =

80 w2

C. p =

5 w 2

D. p =

10 w

23. SPM 2008(Jun) Table shows some values of the variables m and n, such that m varies inversely as the cube of n m n Calculate the value of x. A. 4 27 B. 4 9 C. 9 1 6 D. 27 16
1 2 2

x 3

ANSWERS Chapter 21 Variations

Objective Questions. 1.D 2.B 3.A 4.C 5.B 6. C 7. A 8. A 9. C 10. C 11.A 12.C 13.B 14.B 15.C 16. C 17. A 18. C 19. D 20. C

PAST YEAR QUESTIONS 1.B

Variations

8.D

15.B

22.C 181

2.B 3.A 4.B 5.A 6.B 7.B

9.B 10.B 11.A 12.A 13.C 14. A

16.B 17.D 18. A 19. C 20. C 21.B

23. A

Variations

182