Universal Crescent Power P LTD EIA Report Part I

Sponsor :
MJs. bn|verso| Crescent Fower Fr|vote L|m|ted

Frepored by:
V|mto Lobs Ltd.
142 IDA, Fhose-II, Cher|opo||y
Hyderobod-500 051
envv|mto.com, www.v|mto.com
(NA8L Accred|fed ond l5O 17025 Cerf|f|ed Loborofory, kecogn|zed by MoFF, New De|h|)
Ju|y, 2011
ENVIkONMENIAL IMFACI ASSESSMENI SIbDY
FOk
FkOFOSED 4000 MW COAL 8ASED SAbkASHIkA SbFEk IHEkMAL
FOWEk FkOJECI AI 8HAIVADIA VILLAGE,
KALYANFbk IALbK, JAMNAGAk DISIkICI, GbJAkAI
kEFOkI FOk Fb8LIC HEAkING kEFOkI FOk Fb8LIC HEAkING
Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed 4000 MW Coal Based
Saurashtra Super Thermal Power Project at Bhatvadia Village, Kalyanpur Taluk,
Jamnagar District, Gujarat

Table of Contents

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad ToC-1
Table of Contents
Chapter # Title Page #

Table of Contents TC-1
List of Figures TC-4
List of Tables TC-5

1.0 Introduction
1.1 Purpose of the Report C1-1
1.2 Identification of Project & Project Proponent C1-1
1.3 Brief Description of Project C1-2
1.4 Importance of the project C1-6
1.5 Scope of the Study C1-7

2.0 Project Description

2.1 Introduction C2-1
2.2 Need of the Project C2-1
2.3 Size of the Project C2-1
2.4 Description of Power Plant C2-2
2.5 Project Location and Layout C2-3
2.6 Infrastructure and Resources Requirement C2-4
2.7 Proposed Schedule for Approval and Implementation C2-16
2.8 Technology and Process Description C2-16
2.9 Sources of Pollution C2-32

3.0 Baseline Environment Status

3.2 Geology C3-1
3.3 Geographical Profile of Bhatvadia Village C3-2
3.4 Land Use Pattern C3-3
3.5 Climatology and Meteorology C3-8
3.6 Ambient Air Quality C3-17
3.7 Water Quality C3-21
3.8 Soil Characteristics C3-29
3.9 Noise Level Survey C3-34
3.10 Flora and Fauna Studies C3-37
3.11 Demography and Socio-Economics C3-52
3.12 Traffic Density C3-59

4.0 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures

4.1 Identification of Impact C4-1
4.2 Impacts during Construction Phase C4-1
4.3 Impacts during Operational Phase C4-3
4.4 Environmental Management Plan C4-16


Table of Contents

Table of Contents (contd.)

4.5 Management during Operational Stage C4-20
4.6 Environment Management System C4-38

5.0 Analysis of Alternatives

5.2 Site Selection C5-1
5.3 Fuel Selection C5-4
5.4 Alternative Power Plant Capacity and Mitigation C5-4
5.5 Analysis and Alternative Technology C5-5

6.0 Environment Monitoring Programme

6.1 Environmental Monitoring C6-1
6.2 Monitoring Equipment and Consumables C6-3
6.3 Budgetary Allocation for Environment Protection C6-4

7.0 Additional Studies

7.1 Public Consultation C7-1
7.2 Social Impact Assessment C7-1
7.3 Risk Assessment and Disaster Management Plan C7-2
7.4 Hazard Identification C7-3
7.5 Hazards Assessment and Evaluation C7-5
7.6 Disaster Management Plan C7-13
7.7 Off-site Emergency Preparation Plan C7-22
7.8 Occupational Health and Safety C7-28
7.9 Social Impact Assessment C7-31
7.10 R&R Action Plan C7-33
7.12 Demarcation of High Tide Line / Low Tide Line for
the Project Site C7-35
7.13 Marine Environment Impact assessment studies C7-38
7.14 Carbon Credits under Development Mechanism (CDM) C7-44
7.15 Need based Corporation Responsible studies C7-45
7.15a Identification and Training Youth C7-46

8.0 Project Benefits

8.1 Construction Phase C8-1
8.2 Operational Phase C8-1
8.3 Corporate Social Responsibility C8-2
8.4 Improvement in the Social Infrastructure C8-4


Table of Contents

Table of Contents (contd.)

9.0 Administrative Aspects

9.1 Institution Arrangement for Environment Protection
and Conservation C9-1

10.0 Summary & Conclusions

10.1 Objective Of the Report C10-1
10.2 Environmental Setting C10-1
10.3 Project Details C10-2
10.4 Environmental Impact Assessment C10-2
10.5 Details Of Process C10-2
10.6 Resource Requirement C10-2
10.7 Baseline Environment Status C10-3
10.8 Anticipated Environmental Impact and Mitigation
Measures C10-4
10.9 Environment Management Plan C10-6
10.10 Risk Assessment and Disaster Management Studies C10-7
10.11 Marine Environmental Impact Assessment Studies C10-7
10.12 Coastal Regulation Zone Studies C10-7
10.13 Project Benefits C10-8
10.14 Corporate Social Responsibility C10-8
10.15 Conclusion C10-8

11.0 Disclosure of Consultants

11.1 About Vimta Lab Limited C11-1

List of Annexure

Annexure-I Copy of TOR.
Annexure-II Administrative and Legislative Background
Annexure-III Methodology For Sampling And Analysis
Annexure-IV Landuse Pattern
Annexure-V Ambient Air Quality Levels
Annexure-VI Socio Economic Study Report
Annexure-VII Emission Calculations
Annexure-VIII CRZ Studies
Annexure-IX Area Drainage Studies


Table of Contents

List of Figures
Figures # Title Page #
1.1 Index Map Showing Project C1-4

1.2 Study Area Map of the Project C1-5
2.1 Google Image Showing Plant Site C2-5
2.2 Proposed Power Plant Layout C2-6
2.3 Photographs Showing Projects Site Vicinity C2-7
2.4 Proposed Power Plant Layout And Jetty Connectivity Map C2-8
2.5 Layout Of Marine Facilities C2-9
2.6 Process Flow Scheme For Proposed Thermal Power Plant C2-23
3.4.1 Thematic Map Of Study Area C3-6
3.4.2 Land Use Pattern Based On Satellite Data C3-7
3.5.1 Seasonal Wind Roses C3-13
3.5.2 Seasonal Wind Roses C3-14
3.5.3 Annual Wind Rose C3-15
3.5.4 Site Specific Winrose- Pre Monsoon Season 2010 C3-16
3.6.1 Ambient Air Quality Sampling Location C3-18
3.7.1 Water Sampling Locations C3-23
3.8.1 Soil Sampling Locations C3-31
3.9.1 Noise Monitoring Locations C3-35
3.10.1 Ecological Sampling Location C3-39
3.11.1 Village Map C3-56
4.1 Short Term 24 hourly Incremental GLCs of PM C4-5
4.2 Short Term 24 hourly Incremental GLCs of SO
2
C4-6
4.3 Short Term 24 hourly Incremental GLCs of NOx C4-7
4.4 Flue Gas Desulphurisation Unit C4-23
4.6 Typical Plan And Section Of Deep Well Recharge Pits C4-29
4.7 Proposed Green Belt Plan C4-37
5.1 Alternative Site Location C5-3
7.1 On-Site Emergency Organisation Charts C7-24
7.2 Demarcation Of High tide Line,Lowtide Line and CRZ Boundary C7-37
7.3 Sex Wise Distribution of Youth Respondents C7-47
7.4 Age Wise Distribution of The Youth C7-47
7.5 Respondents Family Income C7-48
7.6 Education Wise Distribution of Youth Respondents C7-49
7.7 Respondents Having Professional Degree/Diploma C7-50
9.1 Environmental Cell C9-2


Table of Contents

List of Tables
Tables # Title Page #

1.1 Proposed Plant Rating And Configuration C1-2
1.2 Environmental Setting Around 10-Km Radius Of Project Site C1-3
1.3 Long Term Forecasting of Power Demand C1-6
1.4 Environmental Attributes And Frequency Of Monitoring C1-9
2.1 Minimum Steam Parameter At The Steam Turbine Inlet C2-2
2.2 Salient Features Of Proposed Power Plant C2-2
2.3 Break Up Of Proposed Land use C2-4
2.4 Details Of Present Land Usage C2-10
2.5 Water Requirements Details C2-11
2.6 Typical Raw Water Quality C2-12
2.7 Expected Coal Quality C2-12
2.8 Typical Characteristics of HFO C2-13
2.9 Typical Characteristics of LDO C2-13
2.10 Schedule Of Project C2-16
2.10 Steam Conditions C2-24
2.11 Source Noise Levels In The Proposed Plant C2-33
3.4.1 Landuse Pattern in the Study Area C3-3
3.4.2 Land Use /Land Cover Classificat-P6 Data C3-8
3.5.1 Meteorological Parameter And Monitoring Frequency C3-8
3.5.2 Climatological Data Station C3-10
3.5.3 Summary Of Wind Pattern C3-11
3.5.4 Summary of the Meteorological Data Generated at Site C3-11
3.5.5 Summary of Site Specification C3-12
3.6.1 Details Of Ambient Air quality Monitoring Location C3-17
3.6.2 Monitoring Parameters And Frequency of sampling C3-19
3.6.3 Summary Of Ambient Air Quality Results C3-20
3.7.1 Details of Water Sampling Location C3-22
3.8.1 Details of Soil Sampling Locations C3-30
3.8.2 Soil Analysis Results C3-32
3.8.3 Standards Soil Classification C3-33
3.9.1 Details of Noise Monitoring Locations C3-34
3.9.2 Ambient Noise Levels in the Study Area C3-37
3.10.1 Details Of Terrestrial Ecological Sampling Location C3-38
3.10.2 Details Of Aquatic Ecological Sampling Location C3-38
3.10.3 Plant Species Observation In Study Area C3-41
3.10.4 Forest Area in the Study Area C3-44
3.10.5 List Of Fauna Observation in the Study Area C3-46
3.10.6 List of Inland Fish Species Around The Study Area C3-47
3.10.7 Different Prawn Species Found In The Gulf Of Kutch C3-47
3.10.8 List of Marine Fish Species Found C3-48
3.10.10 Details Of Diversity Indices in Study Area C3-51
3.10.11 List of Phytoplankton Species Identified from Study Area C3-51
3.10.12 List Of Zooplankton Species Identified from Study Area C3-51
3.11.1 Occupational Profile Of Bhatvadia Village C3-53
3.11.2 Socio-Economic Facilities in Bhatvadia C3-54
3.11.3 Land Use Classification In Bhatvadia C3-54
3.11.4 Village At A Distance Of 10KM From Bhatvadia C3-55

Table of Contents

List of Tables (contd..)
Tables # Title Page #

3.11.5 Socio-Economic Profile The Village In a Radius Of 10KM C3-57
3.11.6 Basic Amenities In The Surrounding Villages C3-58
3.11.7 Land Use Classification In The Surrounding Village C3-59
3.12.1 Details of Traffic Monitoring Location C3-60
3.12.2 Traffic Density C3-60
3.12.3 Recommendation On Traffic Capacity-IRC C3-60
4.1 Stack Emission Details C4-4
4.2 Predicted 24-Hourly Short Term Incremental Concentrations C4-8
4.3a Resultant SO
2
Concentrations Due To Incremental GLC
S
C4-9
4.4 Resultant Concentrations Due To Incremental GLC
S
C4-9
4.5 Emission Factor For Vehicular Traffic C4-10
4.6 Incremental Peak Hourly Air Pollution Due To Additional Traffic C4-10
4.7 Recommendation On Traffic Capacity C4-11
4.8 Expected Solid Waste From Power Plant C4-13
4.9 Source Noise Level In the Proposed Plant C4-15
4.10 Anticipated Adverse Environmental Impact And Mitigation C4-17
4.11 Selected Areas Of Fly Ash Utilization C4-32
4.12 Greenbelt Development Schedule C4-34
4.13 Recommended Plant For Greenbelt C4-35
4.14 Implementation Schedule C4-39
5.1 Comparison of Alternative Sites C5-1
6.1 Monitoring Schedule For Environmental Parameters C6-2
6.2 Proposed Equipment For Environment Management C6-3
6.3 Proposed Cost Provision For Environmental Measures C6-4
7.1 Hazardous Material Stored, Transported And Handled C7-4
7.2 Category Wise Schedule Of Storage Tanks C7-4
7.3 Properties of Fuel Used In The Plant C7-4
7.4 Applicability of GOI Rules To Fuel / Chemical Storage C7-4
7.5 Preliminary Hazard Analysis For Storage Areas C7-5
7.6 Preliminary Hazard Analysis For the Whole Plant In General C7-5
7.7 Fire Explosion And Toxicity Index C7-6
7.8 Fire Explosion And Toxicity Index C7-6
7.9 Damage Due To Incident Radiation Intensities C7-8
7.10 Radiation Exposure And Lethality C7-8
7.11 Scenarios Considered For MCA Analysis C7-9
7.12 Properties of Fuel Considered for Modelling C7-9
7.13 Occurred Of Various Radiation Intensities-Pool Fire C7-10
7.14 Hazard Analysis For Process In Power Plant C7-12
7.15 Hazardous Events Contribution to On-site Facility Risk C7-12
7.16 Off-Site Action Plan C7-27
7.17 Age Wise and Sex Wise Distribution of The Youth Respondents C7-46
7.18 Distribution of Respondents According To Family Income C7-46
7.19 Literacy Status Of The Respondents C7-48
7.20 Education Level Of The Youth Respondents C7-49
7.21 Interest Area Of The Respondents C7-50
7.22 Respondents Interest Area And Training Needs C7-51
8.1 Budget Allocation For CSR Activities C8-4

Executive Summary

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad E-1
1.0 INTRODUCTION

Universal Crescent Power Private Limited (UCPPL) proposes to set up a
Coal Based Saurashtra Super Thermal Power Project (SSTPP) of 4000 MW (6 x
660 MW) nominal capacity at Bhatvadia village of Kalyanpur taluk in Jamnagar
district, Gujarat.

1.1 Screening Category

As per Environment Impact Assessment Notification dated 14
th
September, 2006,
commissioning or operation of thermal power plants (l500 MW) falls under
category `A under project type 1(D).

1.2 Objective Of the Report

Environmental Impacts Assessment (EIA) Report has been prepared for the
proposed power plant to get prior Environmental Clearance (EC) from the Ministry
of Environment and Forests (MOEF), New Delhi. The present EIA Report has been
prepared based on the Terms of Reference (TOR) approved by MoEF, vide letter
no J-13012/28/2010-IA. II (T), dated August 11, 2010.

1.3 Environmental Setting

The study area map of 10-km radius around the proposed site is given in Figure-
1 & 2. The environmental setting of the proposed plant site is as follows:

The proposed 6X660 MW power plant will be located at geographical
coordinates 22 01 36.34 to 22 04 0.64 N Latitude and 69 12 1.34 to
69 14 14.92 Longitude;

The ash pond will be located at geographical coordinates 22 03 14.21 to
22 04 0.64 N Latitude and 69 13 39.9 E to 69 14 14.92 E Longitude;

The CRZ area lies between 21 58 30.00 N to 22 00 30.00 N and 69
10 00.00E to 69 12 30.00E longitude and the coast along Gojiness
village, Gujarat, falls within the CRZ-I classification;

Nearest project boundary is located at a 4.5-km, SW from HTL;

The proposed project site is about 4.5-km towards SW from Arabian Sea
which is source of water requirement. Site elevation varies from 14 m to 25.0
m above MSL and based on the plant drainage study conducted, the final level
of 14.0 m above MSL is considered for the project.

Present land use at the proposed plant site is barren land and single crop dry
agricultural land ;

The Gaga Bird Sanctuary is at 5.3-km from the proposed SSTPP in the north;

There are no archaeological monuments, places of tourist interests and defence
installations within 15-km radius;

3 Reserved forests exist within 10-km radius.

Executive Summary


FIGURE-1
INDEX MAP

Executive Summary


FIGURE-2
STUDY AREA MAP OF THE PROJECT (10 KM RADIUS)
Gaga
K
h
a
r
i R
iv
e
r
K
a
lip
a
t
R
iv
e
r
A

R

A

B

I

A

N

S

E

A
Bhatiya
Bamanasa
Gokalpar
Bhatvadiya
Kuranga
Hadmatiya
Bhogot
Goji Nes
Nandana
Kenedi
Okhamadhi
N
H
-
8
E
SH-29
Bankodi
Ranjithpar
Khakarda
Maleta
N
SCALE
1 0 1 2 Km
A
B
C
D
RS
RS
W
estern Railway Line
Sea/River/ Nala
Ashpond
Project Site
Village Boundary
LEGEND
Road Township
E
F
G
CORNER POINTS
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
LATTITUDE LONGITTUDE
2203'31.06" N 6912'1.34" E
2204'0.64" N 6913'52.2" E
2203'36.42" N 6914'14.92" E
2203'14.21" N 6913'55.14" E
2201'42.65" N 6913'26.88" E
2201'36.34" N 6912'58.8" E
2202'23.846" N 6912'8.69" E
PLANT SITE CO-ORDINATES
Railway Line

Executive Summary

CRZ Demarcation studies have been carried by NIO, Goa for marking HTL and LTL
in relation with plant facilities, pipeline facilities and conveyor corridor.

1.4 Project details

The project operates on super critical technology and will be implemented in
three phases of 1320 MW (2x660 MW) in each phase. The proposed power plant
facilities will be developed in an area of 1328 acres, instead of 2000 acres
proposed earlier. The land requirement for the project has been optimized as
suggested by the Expert Appraisal Committee.

1.4.1 Project Cost

The estimated cost of the project of 6x660 MW is about Rs.25,248 Crores.

1.4.2 Project Implementation Schedule

The project implementation schedule for 6x660 MW power plant is presented in
the Table-1.

TABLE-1
PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE

Sr. No. TPP Stages Units Cumulative
Installed Capacity
Time
Schedule
Project Cost,
Rs. Crores
Unit No.1 660 Sept 2015 1 Stage-I
2x660 MW Unit No.2 1320 March 2016
8,416
Unit No.3 1980 Dec 2017 2 Stage-II
2x660 MW Unit No.4 2640 June 2018
8,416
Unit No.5 3300 Dec 2018 3 Stage-III
2x660 MW Unit No.6 3960 June 2019
8,416
Total TPP Capacity 3960 8 years 25,248

1.5 Environmental Impact Assessment

With a view to assess the environmental impacts arising due to the proposed
project, M/s. UCPPL have retained the services of M/s. Vimta Labs Limited,
Hyderabad - a QCI/ NABET accredited consultancy organization and NABL
accredited & MoEF recognized laboratory to prepare EIA Report for various
environmental components including air, noise, water, land and biological
components along with parameters of human interest which may be affected and
to suggest mitigation measures.

2.0 DETAILS OF PROCESS

2.1 Process description

The proposed power plant will be operated on Super critical technology. The plant
will be having Steam Turbine Generating Sets with adequately sized energy
effective boilers for generating 6x660 MW of power. Pulverized Coal tangentially
fired in high efficiency boiler to produce superheated steam which drives the
steam turbine coupled to rotor of a generator to produce electricity.


Executive Summary

2.2 Resource Requirement

2.2.1 Raw Material Requirement

The annual coal consumption for the proposed 6x660 MW power plant will be
about 15 MTPA, which will be sourced from Indonesia. The imported coal from
Indonesia has been considered as main fuel for the proposed power plant. Coal
would be imported from Indonesia through cargo vessels (cape size and
Panamax) of capacity 72,000 DWT to 1,80,000 DWT to be engaged by UCPPL.
Imported coal will be received at Captive coal jetty to be developed by UCPPL
along with the power project.

2.2.2 Land Requirement

The total optimised land identified for the proposed power plant is about 1328
acres, which is mainly a government waste land and partly private land. The
plant site has sufficient land for locating the power plant including associated
facilities such as coal storage yard and coal handling system, in-plant raw water
reservoir, emergency ash dyke and green belt development area.

2.2.3 Water Requirement and Supply

The quantity of sea water required for power plant is about 8,97,890 m
3
/day.

2.2.4 Manpower Requirement

The total manpower requirement of power plant during construction phase ia bout
3000 persons whereas during operation period, it is estimated to be about 900
persons. It is proposed to hire local labourers during the construction phase of
the proposed project and employ local youth on the basis of qualification.

3.0 BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS

Baseline environmental studies have been carried during Pre-monsoon season
2010 (March-May). Studies have been carried out in 10-km radius from project as
centre for Soil quality, Ambient air quality, Water quality, Noise level monitoring
studies, flora and fauna studies and demography.

3.1 Meteorological Data Generated at Site

The meteorological parameters were recorded on hourly basis during the study
period near proposed plant site and comprises of parameters like wind speed, wind
direction (from 0 to 360 degrees), temperature, relative humidity, atmospheric
pressure, rainfall and cloud cover.

Temperature Max: 37.2
o
C and Min: 23.5
o
C
Relative Humidity Max: 82 % and Min:51 %
Predominant Wind Direction W , WSW
Total Rainfall 13.2 mm


Executive Summary

3.2 Ambient air quality

The study area represents mostly rural/residential environment. Ten AAQM stations
were selected in and around project site covering upwind, downwind and crosswind
directions and PM2.5, PM10, SO
2
, NO
2
, CO, Ozone and Hg were estimated in the
ambient air. The methodology of sampling and analysis is as per Central pollution
control board norms is given in Table-2.

TABLE-2
METHODOLOGY FOR SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS

Sr.
No.
Particulars Concentration in
g/m
3

Limits as per GSR 826(E) dt.
16/11/09
1 PM10 20.3 - 53.2 100
2 PM2.5 5.5 - 11.4 60
3 SO
2
5.1 - 8.7 80
4 NO
X
9.1 - 17.5 80
5 CO 215 - 396 2000
6 Ozone <2.0 100 ( 8 Hrs avg.)
7 Mercury <0.001 -

The ambient air quality within 10-km radius confirms to the limits as per GSR
826(E), dated: 24/11/2009.

3.3 Water Quality

Six surface water and nine ground water samples from the study area were
examined for physico-chemical, heavy metals and bacteriological parameters in
order to assess the effect of industrial and other activities on surface and ground
water. The samples were analyzed as per the procedures specified in 'Standard
Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater' published by American
Public Health Association (APHA). The quality of water samples were compared
with IS:10500-1992.

Ground Water Quality

Observations made on the analytical results pertaining to all the locations reveal
that pH values ranged from 7.0-7.9 during study period. The values for TDS were
observed to be between 705-4610 mg/L in studied samples. Total hardness and
chloride values at the water quality monitoring locations were observed to be 310 -
2620 mg/l and 132.5 - 2120 mg/l. The SO4 values observed to be 49.4 - 151
mg/l and Fluorides range between 0.7 to 1.0 mg/l. All the heavy metal
concentrations are well within the limits.

Surface Water Quality

Observations made on the analytical results pertaining to all the locations reveal
that pH values ranged between 6.7-8.3 during study period. The values for EC
were observed to be between 378-36500 s/cm in studied samples. DO values
were observed to be varying from 4.9-6.5 mg/l during the study period. Total
hardness values at the water quality monitoring locations were observed to be 84-

Executive Summary

4700 mg/l in study samples. The SO4 values observed to be 8.5 - 235.5 mg/l and
Fluorides range between 0.4 to 1.3 mg/l. All the heavy metal concentrations are
well within the limits.

3.4 Soil Characteristics

Ten locations within 10-km radius of the plant site were selected for soil
sampling. Methodology adopted for sampling and analysis as per standard
methods. The soil has been found to be moderately alkaline in nature and are
sandy clay type. The soil from the study area shows less to moderate fertility
due to their NPK content.

3.5 Noise Level Survey

Twelve noise level monitoring locations have been identified and conducted for
determination of ambient noise levels in the study area for 24 hours at each
location. The results of the study reveals that these noise levels within the norms
of residential as per CPCB norms.

3.6 Flora and Fauna Studies

On the basis primary survey and also literature survey reveals that there are no
endangered, protected and vulnerable plant species recorded during study period.
Gaga bird Sanctuary is located at a distance of 5.3-km towards SW from the
project site.

Detailed ecological studies were conducted during study period to identify the
floristric composition in and around proposed block and surrounding villages, 80
plant species were identified. 40 faunal species were recorded through primary
survey or with interaction local elderly people and forest officials of the area, which
include 26 birds species, 7 species of reptiles, and 7 species of mammals are
recorded, out of which 8 species belongs to Schedule-II, other species belongs to
Schedule-III, Schedule- IV and V of Wildlife (Protection) Act,1972. As per records of
forest department and MoEF, New Delhi reveals that there are no wildlife
sanctuaries or national parks, Tiger reserves and Elephant reserves in study area.
The plankton samples were collected from three surface water sampling locations
by using plankton net and analysed and results reveals that these water bodies
are mesotrophic in nature.

3.7 Demography and Socio-Economics

Detailed socio-economic studies has been carried out and are briefed below:

Total number of households in Bhatvadia is 278 with 1689 persons;
The village has only 3.43 percent of scheduled caste population and no
scheduled tribe population;
The number of households below poverty line is 17;
Literacy rate is only 39.43 percent; and
The work participation rate in the village is 37.95 percent.


Executive Summary

4.0 ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES

4.1 Anticipated Environmental Impacts

Impacts during Operational Phase
Air Environment

The impact on air quality is assessed based on combined emissions of the
proposed power plant along with the present baseline data. Particulate Matter
(PM), Sulphur dioxide (SO2) and Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) are important
pollutants emitted by thermal power plants;

Three 275-m twin-flue stacks with ESP of 99.9% efficiency will be provided to
control particulate matter to below 50 mg/Nm
3
;

Limiting of pollutant discharge and minimizing its effect on air quality, within
prescribed standards, will be achieved, by installing tall stacks, for better
dispersion of particulates and gaseous pollutants and low NOx burners.

Flue gas desulphurisation unit will be installed for reducing the SO
2
in Phase-
II & III.
Air Dispersion Modeling

In the present case, Industrial Source Complex [ISCST3] 1993 dispersion
model based on steady state Gaussian plume dispersion, designed for multiple point
sources for short term and developed by United States Environmental Protection
Agency [USEPA] has been used for simulations from point sources.

The predictions indicate that the PM
10
, SO
2
, NOx concentrations are likely to be well
within the prescribed limit for residential and rural zone as per National ambient air
quality monitoring standards prescribed by Central pollution control board, New
Delhi. Consequently the proposal is unlikely to have any major impacts on local or
regional air quality or to adversely affect human health or status of pollution-
sensitive vegetation, either locally or on nearby terrain.

The maximum incremental short-term 24 hourly ground level concentrations for
Particulate Matter, SO
2
and NOx likely to be encountered in the operation of the
power project are 2.46, 41.11 and 34.56 g/m
3
respectively occurring at a distance
of about 2.2-km in the east direction.

The maximum resultant 24 Hourly concentrations for PM
10
, SO
2
and NOx after
implementation of the proposed project (6x660 MW power project) are 55.66,
58.61 and 52.86 g/m
3
respectively.

The predicted SO
2
incremental concentrations due to the proposed 6x660 MW will
be about 102.8 g/m
3
which was exceeding the limit of 80 g/m
3
as per NAAQS
2009. Limestone Gypsum type FGD will be installed for Stage-II & Stage-III which
is expected to bring down the concentration of SO2 by 90%.

Executive Summary

Water Environment

The total water requirement for consumptive and cooling water requirement for
the station comprising cooling tower make-up, heat cycle make-up and other
process will be about 37412 m
3
/hr, which will be met from Arabian seas which is
located about 4.5-km from plant site.

The total water quantity intake will be about 8,97,890 m
3
/day and discharge at
outfall point will be about 6,31,676 m
3
/day.

Waste Water Generation in Power Plant

The generated wastewater to a maximum extent will be used for ash handling
plant, coal handling plant and green belt and the remaining net treated
wastewater will be sent for disposal. The disposal water will meet the general
standards of wastewater discharge as mentioned in GSR 422 (E).

Adequate storm drains will be constructed along the boundary of the plant area
and within the plant area to drain off the storm water during monsoon period.

Marine Intake and Outfall Locations

The details of intake and outfall locations are given in the Table-3.

TABLE-3
INTAKE AND OUTFALL DETAILS

Discharge
Quantity
(m
3
/day)
Location in
UTM coordinates
Distance from
coast

Depth (m)
Outfall point 6,31,676 69 10.063E to 21 59.566N 1080 m -15.0 m CD
Intake point 8,97,890 69 09.5399E to 21 59.405N 2190 m - 20.0 m CD
Solid Waste Management and Land Use

A long-term ash management agenda has been drawn to ensure compliance with
the Ash Management Rules. All efforts will be put to promote ash utilization in
construction business. 100% fly ash utilization will be achieved from 4
th
year
onwards. The gypsum produced from FGD process during stage-II & stage-III
operation will be sold to the near by agencies for utilizing in cement industries
which is one of the additive.
Noise Environment

The main noise generating sources are blowers from boilers and turbines. The
impact of noise emission from boilers will be minimized by acoustic enclosures
and the noise levels will be limited to 85dB [A].
Greenbelt Programme

Greenbelt will be developed in an area of about 350 acres with 1000 trees per
acre. Accordingly, 350000 saplings will be planted and the plantation will be

Executive Summary

completed within first five years from the construction phase onwards. The width
of green belt will be maintained as 50-m to 100-m all along the boundary wall.
Socio- Economics

The major economic impacts, which will accrue to the region, during the
construction phase and operation of the power plant, will be an increased
availability of direct and indirect employment. Local people will be benefited after
commissioning of the proposed project in terms of petty to major contractual jobs
and associated business establishments. Local youth will be given preference in
employment during construction and operational phase on the experience and
qualification. In addition to that several avenues of employment generation will be
created due to proposed project.

5.0 MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT STUDIES

Baseline data namely water quality, biological studies were conducted in and around
intake and marine out falls area. Impact assessment and mathematic modeling
studies have been carried and details are incorporated in MEIA report

6.0 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME

Post project environmental monitoring is important in terms of evaluating the
performance of pollution control equipments installed in the project. The sampling
and analysis of the environmental attributes will be as per the guidelines of CPCB.
Following attributes will be covered in the post project environmental monitoring in
and around the project site:

For environmental protection measures, UCPPL has allocated about Rs. 1180 crores
as capital investment and Rs. 37.6 crores as recurring expenditure during
operation of project.

7.0 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN

7.1 Environment Management Plan during Construction Phase

During construction phase, the construction activities like site levelling, grading,
transportation of the construction material cause various impacts on the
surroundings.

Designation and demarcation of sites for construction camps and ensuring due
provision of necessary infrastructural services;

During excavation and transportation over unmetalled roads near the
proposed plant site, there is a scope for local dust emissions. Frequent water
sprinkling in the vicinity of the construction activity will be done and it will be
continued even after the completion of the plant construction, as there is
scope for heavy truck mobility. The industry will make provision for water
sprinklers;

Since there is likelihood of fugitive dust from the construction activity,

Executive Summary

material handling and from the truck movement in the premises of the
proposed plant the industry will go for extensive tree plantation program
along the boundaries of the proposed plant site;

The construction site will be provided with sufficient and suitable toilet
facilities for workers to allow proper standards of hygiene. These facilities
would be connected to a septic tank and maintained to ensure minimum
environmental impact.

Though the noise effect on the nearest inhabitants due to construction activity
will be negligible, it is advisable that on site workers using high noise
equipment adopt noise protection devices;

Noise prone activities will be restricted to the extent possible and to the day
time in order to have minimum environmental impact;

It will be ensured that both gasoline and diesel powered construction vehicles
are properly maintained to minimize smoke in the exhaust emissions. The
vehicle maintenance area will be located in such a manner to prevent
contamination of surface and ground water sources by accidental spillages of
oil. Unauthorized dumping of waste oil will be prohibited;

As soon as construction is over the surplus earth will be utilized to fill up low
lying areas, the rubbish will be cleared and all un-built surfaces reinstated.
Appropriate vegetation will be planned and all such areas will be landscaped.
Hazardous materials (eg. acids, paints, and explosives) will be stored in
proper and designated areas; and

To prevent unauthorized felling of trees by construction workers for their fuel
needs, it will be ensured that the contractor provides fuel to the construction
workers.

Environment Management Plan during Operation Phase

Fugitive and stack emissions from the proposed power plant will contribute to
increase in concentrations of PM, SO
2
and NOx pollutants. The mitigative measures
recommended in the plant are:

Air Quality Management

Installation of ESP of efficiency of 99.9% to limit the PM concentrations below 50
mg/Nm
3
;
Provision of three twin flue stack of 275-m height for wider dispersion of
gaseous emissions;
FGD will be installed to reduce the SO2 emissions upto 90%;
Installation of low-NOx burner
Provision of water sprinkling system at CHP and ash pond;
Asphalting of the roads within the plant area;
Provision of DE/DS systems at dust generating source.
Developing of Greenbelt (100-m wide towards village areas and river course, 50
to 100-m wide towards other area) around the plant to arrest the fugitive
emissions;

Executive Summary

Online flue gas monitors will be provided for all stacks;
Fully covered belt conveyors; and
Protection of workers by provision of necessary PPEs.

Water Pollution Management

The wastewater will be generated from cooling towers in the power plant.
Additionally, domestic wastewater from canteen and employees wash area will also
be generated. The recommended measures to minimise the impacts are:

Provision of sewage treatment plant to treat domestic sewage from plant and
township;
Utilization of treated domestic wastewater for greenbelt development;
Lining of guard pond suitably to reduce the temperature of waste water to
ambient temperature at the point of disposal into the sea;
Provision of separate storm water system to collect and store run-off water
during rainy season and utilization of the same in the process to reduce the
water requirement;
Suitable rainwater harvesting structures to be constructed; and
No water will be discharged on land.

Noise Pollution Management

Provision of acoustic enclosures to noise generating equipment like pumps and
other equipment will conform to noise levels prescribed by regulatory authorities.
Thick greenbelt to attenuate the noise levels and provision of earplugs to the
workers working in high noise level area is proposed.

Solid and Hazardous Waste Management

Solid waste in the form of ash will be generated in a coal based thermal power
plant. The total ash generated in the plant will be 1.38 MTPA out of which 20%
will be bottom ash i.e. 0.28 MTPA and balance will be fly ash of 1.1 MTPA. The
following measures shall be taken for solid waste management:

Dry ash collection system will be installed for utilisation of ash
Unutilised ash will be sent to ash pond using High Concentrate Slurry Disposal
(HCSD) method
Permeability study around Ash pond will be undertaken and ash pond will be
lined with HPPE lining.
Fly ash would be utilised in the following applications:
o Cement manufacturing
o Ash bricks manufacturing
o Road making & Paving
The generated waste oil shall be explored to be used in boiler furnace with HFO
or shall be given to authorized recyclers;
The organic portion of solid waste generated in the Sewage Treatment Plant
(STP) will be used as manure in greenbelt development; and
Maintaining the data base on solid waste generation such as quantity, quality,
treatment /management
Fly Ash Disposal

Executive Summary

The ash will be utilized in various construction materials to the maximum extent and
100% utilization will be achieved.

Marine Environment Management

Marine studies conducted by NIO reveals that the Marine environment management
will ensure that the perturbations due to the setting up of the proposed Coal based
Saurashtra Super Thermal Power Plant activities are within the assimilative capacity
of the environment. This is done by integrating into the project itself a plan of
actions for mitigating predicted adverse impacts.

8.0 RISK ASSESSMENT AND DISASTER MANAGEMENT STUDIES

The risk analysis for fuel storages has been carried out. The possibility of any risks
due to fire will be confined to the plant premises only. There will not be any
community risks. Suitable disaster management plan has been prepared.

9.0 PROJECT BENEFITS

The proposed project by UCPPL would enable to meet part of the demand in the
in India and globally due to rapid industrialization. The proposed power plant will
result in improvement of infrastructure as well upliftment of social structure in
the area. It is anticipated that the plant will provide benefits for the locals in two
phases i.e. during construction phase as well as during operational stage.

Construction Phase

Employment

Approximately 3000 persons would be required for the construction work in peak
period.

Community Services

UCPPL shall employee local people to the extent possible in order to reduce the
need for additional infrastructure. In addition, UCPPL will develop necessary
infrastructure like accommodation, water supply, sewerage, medical facility, etc.
for catering to the needs of the project personnel and their families. It is
proposed to develop township for employees near the plant site. The local people
will be indirectly benefited by these developments.

Transportation

UCPPL will be laying approach road to project area. Development of power plant
in this area will boost infrastructural facilities materials transportation,
mechanical workshops, etc


Executive Summary

Operational Phase

Demography Benefits

During the operational phase of ultimate stage, about 900 people shall be
employed. Considering that most of the skilled personnel proposed to be
employed for the proposed project would be from outside the study area and
unskilled/ semiskilled personnel shall be from within the study area, the proposed
project would add to the population in the study area which results in better
scope for indirect employment opportunities.

Education

Unskilled people and limited skilled people (depending on availability) from local
population will be provided direct or indirect employment by UCPPL. In addition,
some secondary developments like opening of new schools, shops may take place
in view of the increased family population due to the proposed employment.
These factors will be beneficial to locals residing in the study area.

10.0 CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY

Adequate CSR activities will be implemented for the improvement of the local
village. UCPPL will initiate CSR activities in the following areas:

Education - The local educated youth have been motivated to reinforce the
existing setup in the primary schools and Anganwadi centers;

Health - Primary health check up and medicinal assistance is provided as local
health care system; and

Employment - New employment generation through establishment of nurseries
and demonstration farm in project area.

Training of youth - It was found in the socio-economic study that out of 110
respondents, 61 have shown interest for obtaining training in their interest
area.

UCPPL is acquiring the land in Bhatvadia, it will be its responsibility to take
care of its all round development. UCPPL is planning to adopt three nearby
villages;

UCPPL extends its support in creation of regular supply of drinking water and
electricity, construction of road network, health centre, school, employment
generation and awareness generation to the issues like gender sensitization,
resource management, environment protection, health and sanitation.

The budget estimated under CSR activities is about Rs.30 crores as one time capital
expenditure and Rs.6 crores as recurring expenditure per annum for 10 years. The
break up of budget allocation is given in the Table-4.


Executive Summary

TABLE-4
BUDGET ALLOCATION FOR CSR ACTIVITIES

Activity Capital cost, in Rs.
crores
Recurring cost per year
for 10-years, in Rs. crores
Education 5.0 1.0
Community/ Infrastructure Development 10.0 2.0
Health 2.0 1.0
Drinking Water Facility & Sanitation 4.0 0.5
Training & Development Centre for women 3.0 0.50
Promotion Self-employment 3.0 0.50
Skill development for fishermen and uplift 3.0 0.50
30 6.0

11.0 CONCLUSION

The proposed power plant has certain level of marginal impacts on the local
environment. However, development of this project has certain beneficial
impact/effects in terms of bridging the electrical power demand and supply gap
and providing employment opportunities that will be created during the course of
its setting up and as well as during the operational phase of the project.

By means of adopting modern and efficient technology, effective implementation of
EMP and by implementation of industrial best practices, the marginal impacts on
Air, water, land and noise will be reduced to minimum levels. Overall impacts will
beneficial to the region due to socio-economic upliftment of the living standards of
the people around the project area.

Chapter-1
Introduction

VIMTA Labs Limited, Hyderabad C1-1
1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Purpose of the Report

Universal Crescent Power Private Limited (UCPPL) proposes to set up a
Coal Based Saurashtra Super Thermal Power Project (STPP) of 4000 MW (6 x 660
MW) nominal capacity, Comprising of three stages of 2 x 660 MW units at
Bhatvadia village of Kalyanpur taluk in Jamnagar district, Gujarat. The project
operates on super critical technology and will be implemented in three phases of
each phase of 1320 MW(2x660 MW).

As per the Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) Notification dated 14
th

September 2006, the proposed thermal power plant project comes under
`Category A with project type number `1(d), which requires preparation of EIA
report to obtain Environmental Clearance (EC) from the Ministry of Environment
and Forests (MoEF), New Delhi. The present EIA Report addresses the
environmental impacts of the proposed power plant project and proposes the
mitigation measures for the same.

The present EIA report is prepared, based on the Terms of Reference (ToR)
conditions received from MoEF, vide letter no. J-13012/28/2010-IA. II (T), dated
August 11, 2010. A copy of the letter, along with compliance to the conditions is
enclosed as Annexure-I.

1.2 Identification of Project and Project Proponent

1.2.1 Identification of Project

UCPPL proposes to set up a coal based Power Project of 4000 MW nominal
capacity in three phases, each stage comprising of 2 x 660 MW units at Bhatvadia
village, Kalyanpur taluk of Jamnagar district.

The imported coal from Indonesia has been considered as main fuel for the
proposed power plant. Coal would be imported from Indonesia through cargo
vessels (cape size and panamax) of capacity of 72,000 DW to 1,80,000 DW to be
engaged by UCPPL. Imported coal will be received at Captive coal jetty to be
developed by UCPPL along with the power project.

1.2.2 Identification of Project Proponent

Universal Crescent Power Private Limited (UCPPL) is a venture of Universal
Success Enterprises. Universal Success Enterprises is a unique business group
with diversified presence in the field of Power, Port, Industrial Development, Real
Estate and Hospitality. The USE Group currently employs 500 plus people.

Towards the end of 2003, the company ventured into the Indian Real Estate
market with the landmark project of Kolkata West International City in West
Bengal. The company added new dimensions to the Indian real estate market by
bringing in the expertise of globally renowned partners such as the Salim Group
of Indonesia. As with all of its projects, USE used the services of internationally

Chapter-1
Introduction

reputed designers and consultants for this project too to ensure the maintenance
of the highest quality as per international standards.

The groups individual business verticals have a dedicated team of their own so
that the companys dream vision of re-industrialization of West Bengal and
Gujarat soon becomes a reality.

In line with the MOU signed with the Government of Gujarat during the Vibrant
Gujarat Investor Summit held in January 2009, USE plans to set up 10,000 MW
Thermal Power Plants in phases in the State of Gujarat.

The first coal based thermal power plant with ultimate capacity of 4000 MW is
coming up in Bhatvadia village in the district of Jamnagar and preliminary site
specific investigative work has already has been completed. Coal for the power
plants planned will be imported from mines in Indonesia. The group shall invest
about Rs. 18,000 Crores in the first phase of development for power and port in
West Bengal and Gujarat.

1.3 Brief Description of the Project

1.3.1 Nature of the Project

The proposed power project comes under Category A as per the EIA Notification,
which requires environmental clearance from MoEF, New Delhi. The proposed
power plant with total installed capacity of 4000 MW will comprise of six units
with 660 MW configuration in three phases based on super-critical technology.
The project involves power generation using coal as primary fuel, which will be
imported from Indonesia.

1.3.2 Size of the Project

The proposed power plant will have three units with a total power generation
capacity of 4000 MW, the ratings and configuration as given in Table-1.1. The
proposed power plant facilities will be developed in an area of 1328 acres. The
estimated cost of the project is about Rs.25,248 Crores.

TABLE-1.1
PROPOSED PLANT RATING AND CONFIGURATION

Sr.No. TPP Stages Units Cumulative Capacity Project Cost, Crores
Unit No.1 660 1 Stage-I: 2x660 MW
Unit No.2 1320
8,416
Unit No.3 1980 2 Stage-II: 2x660 MW
Unit No.4 2640
8,416
Unit No.5 3300 3 Stage-III: 2x660 MW
Unit No.6 3960
8,416
Total TPP Capacity 3960 25,248

1.3.3 Location of the Project

The proposed plant site and ancillary facilities are located in villages of Bhatvadia,
Keshavpur,Kuranga and Gonjines of Kalyanpur taluk in Jamnagar district. The
details of environmental setting are given in Table-1.2. The index map of the

Chapter-1
Introduction

project site is shown in Figure-1.1. The topographical features of the study area
within 10 km stretch from the proposed plant boundary are shown in Figure-1.2.

TABLE-1.2
ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING AROUND 10-KM RADIUS OF PROJECT SITE

Sr. No Particular Details
1 Location Bhatvadia village, Kalyanpur taluk, Jamnagar district,
Gujarat
2 Coordinate Range Sr. No. Latitude Longitude
A 22 03 31.06 N 69 12 1.34 E
B 22 04 0.64 N 69 13 52.2 E
C 22 03 36.42 N 69 14 14.92 E
D 22 03 14.21 N 69 13 55.14 E
E 22 01 42.65 N 69 13 26.88 E
F 22 01 36.34 N 69 12 58.8 E
a Plant Boundary
G 22 02 23.85 N 69 12 8.69 E
1 22 03 59.49 N 69 13 39.98 E
2 22 04 0.64 N 69 13 52.2 E
3 22 03 36.42 N 69 14 14.92 E
4 22 03 14.21 N 69 13 55.14 E
b Ash Pond
5 22 03 14.34 N 69 13 39.9 E
3 Toposheet No. 41 F/4
4 General elevation 25.4 m above Mean Sea level (MSL)
5 Topography Plain Land
6 Present land use at the site Government waste land and part private land
7 Nearest Major Roads/ Highway NH-8-1B (1.4 km, SW)
SH-29 (3.3 km, N)
8 Nearest Railway Station Kuranga railway station (2.4 km, W)
Bhatiya railway station (6.0 km, NE)
9 Nearest Airport Porbandar (65 km, SE)
10 Nearest Seaport Porbandar (60 km, SE)
11 Nearest Town Bhatiya (6.0 km, NE)
12 District headquarters Jamnagar (100 km, NE)
13 Nearest water bodies Kalipat River (4.0 km, S)
Arabian Sea (4.5 km, SW),
14 Protected areas as per Wild Life
Protection Act 1972 (Biospheres,
Tiger Reserves, Wild Life
Sanctuaries, Natural Parks,
Community Reserves and
Conservation Reserves)
Gaga Wildlife( Bird) sanctuary(5.3, N)
15 Reserved/Protected forests Gojiness RF (3.0 km, SSW)
Kuranga RF (3.5 km, W)
Bhogat RF (4.6 km, SSE)
16 Seismic Zone Zone-IV as per IS:1893 (Part-1) 2002
17 Areas susceptible to natural
hazards (earthquakes, erosion,
flooding or extreme or adverse
climatic conditions)
In the seismic zoning map the zone comes under Zone-
IV. This zone is called the High Damage Risk Zone for
earthquakes.

18 Archaeologically important
places as per Archeological
Survey of India
None within 10 km radius
19 Industries No major industries within 10 km radius
Note: All distances mentioned above in parenthesis are aerial distances


Chapter-1
Introduction


FIGURE-1.1
INDEX MAP SHOWING THE PROJECT SITE

Chapter-1
Introduction


FIGURE-1.2
STUDY AREA MAP OF THE PROJECT (10 KM RADIUS)

Chapter-1
Introduction

1.3.4 Conformation to the Siting Guidelines

The National Highway, NH-8-1B runs at a distance of 1.4 km, SW from the
proposed plant boundary. Whereas, the State highway, SH-29 runs at a distance
of 3.3 km, N from the project boundary. The railway line of Western Railways
(WR) runs at a distance of 500 m, N from the proposed plant boundary.

Kalipat river flows at a distance of 4.0 km, S from the proposed plant boundary
and joins Arabian sea. The sea coast is located at a distance of about 4.5 km, SW
from the proposed plant boundary. Detailed study for demarcation of CRZ Zone in
the vicinity for the proposed project site was conducted by NIO,Goa details of
which are presented in Chapter-7.

The proposed project site conforms to the prescribed guidelines in terms of
distance of 500 m from High Flood Level (HFL) of the river, highways and railway
line.

1.4 Importance of the Project

Though there has been substantial growth in power sector infrastructure in India,
the power supply position is still characterized by shortages, both in terms of
demand met during peak periods and the overall energy supply. Many parts of
the country continue to reel under severe power shortages.

The all India region-wise forecast for electrical energy requirement and peak
demand scenario fare presented in Table-1.3.

TABLE-1.3
LONG TERM FORECAST OF POWER DEMAND

Electrical Energy Requirement (TWh) Peak Electric Load (GW) Sr.
No
Region
2011-12 2016-17 2021-22 2011-12 2016-17 2021-22
1 Northern 294.8 411.5 556.8 48.1 66.6 89.9
2 Western 294.9 409.8 550.0 47.1 64.3 84.8
3 Southern 253.4 380.1 511.7 40.4 60.4 80.5
4 Eastern 111.8 168.9 258.2 19.1 28.4 42.7
5 North-Eastern 13.3 21.1 37.0 2.5 3.8 6.2
All India 968.7 1392.1 1914.5 152.7 218.2 298.3
Source: Long Term Forecast at Power Station Bus Bars, 17
th
Electric Power Survey (EPS) of India,
Central Electricity Authority (CEA)

The economic growth of any country depends upon the availability and
consumption of energy. The level of development of a country is measured in
terms of per capita energy consumption. Presently India's per capita energy
consumption at 717 KWh/year (during 2007-08), which is less than that of other
developing countries like China (1891) and Malaysia (1000); Whereas, the per
capita energy consumption of the developed countries like United States of
America (13338), Sweden (16665) and Canada (18117) is very high.

Worlds average per capita energy consumption is 2500 kwh/year. India requires
significantly more generating capacity to match the pace of development taking
place in the country as well to bridge the gap between demand and supply.

Chapter-1
Introduction

Government is aiming to increase the present installed capacity to 200,000 MW
by 2012 and aiming per capita energy consumption of 1000 kwh/year. The
investment from public and private sector for capacity addition shall help the
nation to achieve the energy availability.

Ministry of Power has estimated that by the year 2012, Indias peak demand
would be 152,746 MW with energy requirement of 975 Billion Unit (BU).

Power Development Scenario-11
th
Plan Period

As per the "5
th
National Power Plan (2002-2012) prepared by CEA, a need based
installed capacity of the order of 2,12,000 MW is required by the end of 11
th
Plan
Period (2007-2012) based on demand projections of 17
th
Electric Power Survey
(EPS).

The primary resources for electric power generation are water, fossil fuel (coal,
lignite, oil and natural gas) and nuclear energy. These would continue to serve as
major sources of power generation in the long run, though various forms of
renewable sources viz, wind, bio-mass, tides, etc., will also contribute to meeting
the demand.

As per CEAs projection for the 11
th
Plan, the capacity addition requirement is
78,578 MW comprising 16,627 MW of hydro, 58,571 MW of thermal and 3,380
MW of Nuclear. Out of the total thermal capacity of 58,571 MW, the coal/lignite
based capacity shall be 53,930 MW. This implies that the capacity addition has to
be about 10,786 MW per annum through coal / lignite alone.

Government of Gujarat plans to double the power generation capacity in the
State in the 12
th
Five Year Plan in order to keep pace with the energy demand,
which is expected to grow at 10% annually.

Apart from a few of the stakeholders announcing plans for setting up the new
capacities, there remains a wide gap to be bridged towards achieving the target.
Hence, a project of the order of 4000 MW capacity is well justified in this context.
The power from this plant could be wheeled to the State government grid and the
industrial consumers.

It is therefore; imperative that important input like power is assured at all times,
to achieve the targeted production rates. The higher production would give
necessary fillip to the industrialization and consequently to the economic growth
of the country.

1.5 Scope of the Study

With a view to assess the environmental impacts arising due to the proposed
power plant project, UCPPL has retained the services of M/s Vimta Labs
Limited, Hyderabad to prepare the EIA Report for various environmental
components including air, noise, water, land and biological components along
with parameters of human interest which may be affected and to prepare an
Environmental Management Plan (EMP) for mitigating adverse impacts.

Chapter-1
Introduction

Environmental baseline monitoring has been carried out during pre-monsoon
season of year 2010 and used to identify potential significant impacts. Modeling
exercises have been carried out to predict and evaluate the cumulative impacts
due to the proposed project. The scope of the present study is inline with the ToR
as recommended by MoEF.

1.5.1 Study Area Details

The study area for the present EIA report is the area covered within the 10 km
radius from the proposed plant boundary. The environmental setting within the
study area of 10 km radius from the proposed plant boundary has been given in
Table-1.2.

1.5.2 Details of the Study

The scope of study broadly includes:

To conduct literature review and to collect data relevant to the study area;
To undertake environmental monitoring so as to establish the baseline
environmental status of the study area;
To predict incremental levels of pollutants in the terrestrial study area due to
the proposed plant activities;
To evaluate the predicted impacts on the various environmental attributes in
the study area by using scientifically developed and widely accepted
environmental impact assessment methodologies;
To prepare an EMP outlining the measures for improving the environmental
quality and scope for future expansions for environmentally sustainable
development; and
To identify critical environmental attributes required to be monitored
suggesting a post-project monitoring programme.

The literature review includes identification of relevant articles from various
publications, collection of data from various government agencies and other
sources.

1.5.3 Methodology of the Study

Reconnaissance survey was conducted by the consultants and concerned officials
and sampling locations were identified on the basis of:

Predominant wind directions in the study area as recorded by India
Meteorological Department (IMD) at Dwarka;
Existing topography, drainage pattern and location of surface water bodies like
ponds, canals, rivers and sea;
Location of villages/towns/sensitive areas;
Areas which represent baseline conditions; and
Collection, collation and analysis of baseline data for various environmental
attributes.


Chapter-1
Introduction

The field observations are used to:

Setup air quality models;
Identify extent of negative impacts on community/natural resources; and
Identify mitigation measures and monitoring requirements.

The study also provides framework and institutional strengthening for
implementing the mitigation measures. Field studies have been conducted for a
period from 1
st
March 2010 - 31
st
May 2010 covering pre-monsoon season to
determine existing conditions of various environmental attributes as outlined in
Table-1.4.
TABLE-1.4
ENVIRONMENTAL ATTRIBUTES AND FREQUENCY OF MONITORING

Sr.
No.
Environmental
Component
Sampling
Locations
Sampling
Parameters
Total
Sampling
Period
Sampling
Frequency
1 Meteorology One central
location

Temperature, Wind
Speed, Wind
Direction, Relative
Humidity, Cloud
Cover, Rainfall
3 months Continuous
hourly
recording
2 Ambient Air
Quality
10 Locations PM-10, PM2.5, SO2,
NO2, CO, O3 and
HC
Two
consecutive
days per week
for 3 months
24 hourly
samples for
SPM, PM-10,
PM-2.5, SO2
and NO2;
three 8 hourly
samples per
day for CO, O3
and HC
3 Water Quality 15 Locations Ground water and
Surface water as
per IS: 10500
Grab sampling Once during
study period
4 Noise Monitoring 12 Locations Sound Pressure
Levels
Continuously
for 24 hours
Once during
study period
5 Soil analysis 10 Locations Soil profile,
Chemical
constituents
Composite
sample
Once during
study period
6 Ecology Existing
ecological
resources
within study
area
Flora and fauna Field
observations
and secondary
sources
Once in study
period
7 Demography and
Socio-economic
aspects
Total study
area
Demographic
profile
Based on District Census
Handbook (2001)
8 Land Use Total study
area
Trend of land use
change for
different categories
Based on District Census
Handbook (2001)/ Remote
sensing data
9 Geology - Geological history

Data collected from secondary
sources
10 Hydrology - Drainage area and
pattern, nature of
streams, aquifer
characteristics,
recharge and
discharge rates
Based on geo-technical studies
and data collected from
secondary sources

Chapter-1
Introduction

Sr.
No.
Environmental
Component
Sampling
Locations
Sampling
Parameters
Total
Sampling
Period
Sampling
Frequency
11 Traffic Studies 3 Locations Counting of vehicle
category wise
traffic movement
on major roads
near to the project
site
Once during
study period
continuous for 24
hours
12 Demarcation of
High tide and
Low tide zone
studies around
project and
project facilities
One time Demarcation of
HTL and LTF zones
by National
Institute of
Oceanography,Go
a
- -
13 Marine
Environmental
Impact
assessment
studies
Once Bathymetry,
chemistry and
biology of marine
ecosystem and
impact assessment
for cooling water
discharge on
marine ecosystem
Once during
study period
-
14 Area drainage
study
Once In and around
project regarding
drainage

15 Socio- Economic
Study
Once By Sardar patel
Institute of
Economic & Social
Research,
Ahmedabad

The applicable environmental standards for the project are given in Annexure-
II. The methodology of monitoring and analysis is given in Annexure-III.

Chapter-2
Project Description

2.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

2.1 Introduction

The purpose of this chapter is to present details of the 4000 MW super critical
coal fired power project proposed at Bhatvadia Village, District Jamnagar,
Gujarat. Details of site features, availability of land, fuel and water; technology
and process description, coal and ash handling systems, water system; utilities,
schedule for project implementation and sources of pollution including brief
description of proposed control measures.

2.2 Need of the Project

Power Plant

The demand for electricity has been steadily increasing in the state of Gujarat due
to rapid industrialization and large scale use of electricity for irrigation, domestic
and commercial purposes. There would be shortfall in the availability of both
power and energy in Gujarat. It is estimated that by the year 2012, the deficit in
power would be 2152 MW and a deficit of 11123 Mkwh in terms of energy.

The prevailing power generation scenario and the future scenario up to 2012 in
the state reveals that the demand for power would continue to outstrip the
available and planned generation capacity. Therefore UCPPL has decided to set up
6 x 660 MW power generating units in three phases [Phase -1 : 2 x 660 MW and
Phase -2 : 2 x 660 MW, Phase -3 : 2 x 660 MW], near Bhatvadia Village, Gujarat.
The existing gap between the energy demand and supply will ensure comfortable
marketability of power with reasonable return on investment.

Captive Jetty

A 4,000 MW thermal power plant would require about 15 MTPA of seaborne coal
imports. It is not feasible to handle this large quantum of coal at an existing port
and transfer it to the plant site by dedicated tube conveyor. Further, in order to
ensure a reliable and timely supply of coal to the power plant, the proposal has
been made for captive jetty to be an integral part of the power project located
next to each other.

2.3 Size of the Project

The nominal installed capacity of the project is 4000 MW, and contracted capacity
is to be between 3500 MW to 3800 MW at power plant switchyard bus depending
on number and size of the units and employing super-critical technology. The
minimum steam parameters at the steam turbine inlet considered for the unit are
given in Table-2.1. The imported coal from Indonesia has been considered as
main fuel for the proposed power plant. Coal would be imported from Indonesia
through cargo vessels (cape size and panamax) of capacity of 72,000 DW to
1,80,000 DW to be engaged by UCPPL. Imported coal will be received at Captive
coal jetty to be developed by UCPPL along with power project.


Chapter-2
Project Description

TABLE-2.1
MINIMUM STEAM PARAMETERS AT THE STEAM TURBINE INLET

Sr. No. Description Particulars
1 Pressure 247 kg/cm
2
(a)
2 Main steam temperature 565
O
C
3 Reheat temperature 593
O
C

2.4 Description of Power Plant

The configuration of the proposed power plant is 6x660 MW. Installation of
associated mechanical and electrical equipment, auxiliary units like coal, ash
handling plant, water treatment plant, cooling water system, Electrostatic
Precipitators (ESPs), low NO
x
burners, online stack monitoring system etc. will
form part of the total installation. The salient features of the power plant are
given in Table-2.2.
TABLE-2.2
SALIENT FEATURES OF PROPOSED POWER PLANT

Sr. No. Features Details
1 Capacity 4000 MW
2 Nominal configuration 6 x 660 MW
3 Technology Super-Critical Technology
4 Steam turbine Minimum steam conditions at steam turbine inlet to
be 247 kg/cm
2
(a), 565C/593C
5 Condenser cooling
water system
Recirculation system with cooling tower

6 Power evacuation Power will be evacuated to 400 kV switchyard
7 Primary Fuel Imported Coal (Indonesia)
8 Coal Requirement 13.8 MTPA of imported coal
9 Coal transportation Coal receipt through ships and transport to plant
site through conveyors.
10 Sulphur content 0.5%(Design)0.7%( Worst case)
11 Ash Content in Coal
(worst case for design)
10% (Indonesian coal)

12 Ash generation 1.38 MTPA (considering Indonesian coal)
13 Ash disposal Dry collection with dry/wet disposal facility for fly
ash and bottom ash
14 ESP efficiency 99.9%
15 Stack details Three stacks of 275 m height each
16 Total Plant Area 1328 acres
17 Ash pond Area 220 acres (within plant area)
18 Water requirement 37,412 m
3
/hr
19 Source of water Sea water (Arabian sea)
20
21 Gross Calorific value 4900 kCal/kg (Indonesian coal)
22 Estimated Project Cost Rs. 25248 Crores
23 Proposed Environmental
Protection Cost
Rs. 1180 Crores
24 Fire detection and
protection system
Adequate fire fighting systems as per the guidelines
of Tariff Advisory Committee (TAC) and NFPA-850
will be provided
Source: Project Report, UCPPL

Chapter-2
Project Description

2.5 Project Location and Layout

The proposed power plant of 4000 MW will be located at Bhatvadia village,
Kalyanpur taluk in Jamnagar district, Gujarat. The geographical location of plant
site is shown in Figure-2.1. The proposed plant layout has been designed as per
the CEA norms as shown in Figure-2.2. The photographs depicting vicinity of the
proposed plant area are shown in Figure-2.3.

The captive coal jetty will be located at a green field site identified at Gojiness
village, which is near Bhatvadia village. The marine facilities in the captive coal
jetty will include breakwaters, coal unloading jetties, ship unloaders and there will
be coal conveyors between the jetties and coal stockpiles at the power plant site.
The google image of jetty is shown in Figure-2.4. The proposed marine facilities
are shown in Figure-2.5.

2.5.1 Features at the Site

The project site is generally barren and flat, sparsely inhabited, and ground level
to be established based on detailed survey. Detailed Topographical survey of the
land identified for port and power plant including the corridor for coal conveyors
and sea water intake has been carried out.

The areas identified for main plant and other facilities will be located at adequate
distances from high tide level and these areas will be located outside the Coastal
Regulatory Zone (CRZ).

2.5.2 Site Selection Criteria

Layout of the power plant has been optimized considering the space requirements
of all the equipment, systems, buildings and structures, coal storage area, ash
silos, raw water storage tank, water treatment plant, cooling water pump house,
and chemical storage area etc for the proposed power plant.

Necessary plant drainage system would be provided at the proposed power plant
site. All facilities of the plant area are laid out in close proximity to each other to
the extent practicable so as to minimize the extent of land required. The layout
also facilitates movement of men and materials between the various facilities
both during construction and also during subsequent operation and maintenance.

The following factors which influence the site selection have been favourable to
select the proposed site:

a) Availability of space for locating the main plant, transformer yard, switchyard
and all the balance of plant facilities required along with space for
construction activities;
b) Availability of proper road or rail access to the plant, movement path for
equipment, construction materials, pipes, chemicals, etc;
c) Suitability / feasibility of fuel supply;

Chapter-2
Project Description

d) Availability of adequate draft for receipt of imported coal by large capacity
vessels;
e) Availability of reliable source of raw water adequate to meet the plant water
requirements;
f) Suitability of land from topographical and geological considerations;
g) Convenience of interconnection with grid for evacuation of the power; and
h) Environmental impact.
2.6 Infrastructure and Resources Requirement

2.6.1 Land Requirement

The total optimized land requirement for the proposed 6x660 MW power plant is
about 1328 acres. The break up of land requirement including for coal
transportation conveyor system as well as for laying of raw water supply pipeline
including Right of Way (ROW) are given below in Table-2.3.

TABLE-2.3
BREAK-UP OF PROPOSED LANDUSE

Sr.
No.
Description Land Area
Requirement in
acres
A Facilities inside power plant premises
1 Main plant area including;
Coal handling area, Water system, Switchyard, BOP
facilities, stores, roads and miscellaneous ( Water reservoir,
lay-down area etc)
563
2 Ash disposal area 150
3 Township 100
4 Green Belt 350
Sub -Total 1163
B Off-site Facilities
1 Captive Coal jetty 40
2 Corridors for ash slurry, raw water &coal 125
Sub-Total 165
Grand Total ( A+B) 1328


Chapter-2
Project Description


FIGURE-2.1
GOOGLE IMAGE SHOWING PROPOSED PLANT SITE

Chapter-2
Project Description


FIGURE-2.2
PROPOSED POWER PLANT LAYOUT


Chapter-2
Project Description


FIGURE-2.3
PHOTOGRAPHS SHOWING PROJECT SITE VICINITY

Chapter-2
Project Description


FIGURE-2.4
PROPOSED POWER PLANT LAYOUT AND JETTY CONNECTIVITY MAP

Chapter-2
Project Description


FIGURE-2.5
LAYOUT OF MARINE FACILITIES (INTAKE/OUTFALL PIPELINES & JETTY LAYOUT)

Chapter-2
Project Description

2.6.1.1Optimization of Land Requirement
About 537.67 ha of land had been optimized for the proposed coastal power
project. Considering the best possible plant layout design, the area for the
proposed 4000 MW power plant has been optimized to 1328 acres (0.332
acre/MW) which is in line with the norms of Central Electricity Authority (CEA) for
coastal power projects using imported coal (<10%) without MGR and with cooling
towers.

2.6.1.2 Land Availability Details

The proposed optimized project area comprises of about 69.35% of Government
waste land and 30.65% of private land. The private land area for the plant and
for facilities required outside the plant area is being acquired through the
Government of Gujarat as per State Government norms. As the project area is
devoid of any habitation, the Rehabilitation issues have been ruled out.However,
detailed resettlement studies have been conducted and details are presented in
Chapter-7. Further, the project area including ROW is free of all encumbrances.
The details of current land usage are given in Table-2.4.outof 1328 acres of
proposed project area 47 acres of land (40 acres of backup land for captive coal
jetty and 7 acres for coal conveyor corridor) is of forest land use category and
an application has been submitted to forest department to covert land into non-
forest uses.
TABLE-2.4
DETAILS OF PRESENT LAND USAGE

Sr. No. Particulars Area (acre) % of Total Area
1 Government land 1000 75.30
2 Private land 281 21.16
3 Forest land 47 3.54
Backup land for jetty 40 -
Coal conveyor corridor 7 -
Total Area (ha) 1328 100

Topographical Survey

Detailed Topographical survey of the land identified for jetty and power plant
including the corridor for coal conveyors and sea water intake has been carried out.
The areas identified for main plant and other facilities will be located at adequate
distances from high tide level and these areas will be located outside the Coastal
Regulatory Zone (CRZ).

Area Drainage Study

Detailed area drainage studies have been carried out to ensure that the project
area is above the high tide levels and that there no serious threat of flooding
during monsoon.


Chapter-2
Project Description

Geotechnical Investigations

Detailed geotechnical investigations have been carried out to establish the soil
characteristics and decide on the soil bearing capacity and type of foundation. For
the purpose of this report pile foundation is considered.

2.6.2 Water Requirement Details

The sea water will be the source of water required for meeting the cooling water
make up for the ultimate stage of proposed 6X660 MW thermal power plant. The
Arabian Sea, is at distance of about 10-km from the proposed project site. The
quantity of sea water required for all the three stages, each stage consisting of 2
x 660 MW units of power plant is about 8,97,890 m
3
/day.

In a thermal power project, water is needed to meet the following demands:

Major water is required for cooling water system for steam condenser, which is
the part of heat sink for the thermodynamic cycle;
Cooling water for auxiliaries, compressors, Cooling (AC) system etc.;
Make up water for power cycle;
Domestic Water; and
Coal and Ash Handling System.

The break-up of water requirement for the proposed power plant is given in
Table-2.5.
TABLE-2.5
WATER REQUIREMENT DETAILS

Water Requirement Sr.
No.
Item
m
3
/hr m
3
/day
Quality
1 Make up water for condenser and other
auxiliaries
34,212 8,21,088 Sea water
2 Sea Water clarifier blow down sludge to
sludge pit
-- 3702 Blow down
3 Filter backwash to sludge pit -- 2760 I pass RO reject
4 Service water - 21,030 Desalinated
water from RO-I
storage tank
5 Plant/ Colony potable water -- 1050 Desalinated
water from RO-I
storage tank
6 DM water for SG & ACW make-up 126 3024 DM water from
DM storage tank
7 Wastewater from desalination plant sent to
disposal
1890 45,378 Filtered water
8 Waste from Ion exchange units -- 94 DM regeneration
waste
9 Sea water required at Clarifier inlet to
generate item at S. No. 2 to 8 above
3197 77,760 Sea water
Total Sea Water required (1+9) 37,412 8,97,890 Sea water
DM Plant: Demineralisation Plant


Chapter-2
Project Description

2.6.2.1Water Source and Optimization of Cycles of Concentration

The water demand for the proposed plant will be met from Arabian sea through a
suitable sea water intake system. Fresh consumptive water will be required for
power cycle makeup, auxiliary cooling water, potable water, services etc. will be
fed from desalination plant for the proposed project. A suitable pre-treatment and
RO based captive desalination plant have been envisaged for the purpose of
catering water to consumptive water requirement. The seawater analysis at the
sea water intake is given in Table-2.6.

TABLE-2.6
TYPICAL RAW WATER QUALITY

Sr. No. Description Unit Concentration
1 pH - 7.6
2 Conductivity S/cm 55000
3 Salinity in parts per thousand as KCl % 36.8
4 Turbidity NTU 1.3
5 BOD mg/l 23
6 Phenol mg/l <0.1
7 Sulphide mg/l <0.1
8 Hydrocarbon (Oil and Grease) mg/l <5

The make-up water for cooling water (CW) system of the power plant will be met
from sea water. Based on the dissolved solids concentration in the source sea
water quality and frequency of blow down required, the cooling tower has been
designed for 1.3 Cycles of Concentration (COC).

2.6.3 Fuel Requirement

2.6.3.1 Coal

The imported coal from Indonesia has been considered as main fuel for the
proposed power plant. Coal would be imported from Indonesia through cargo
vessels (cape size and panamax) of capacity of 72,000 DW to 1,80,000 DW to be
engaged by UCPPL. Imported coal will be received at Captive coal jetty to be
developed by UCPPL along with the power project. Coal transportation to site will
be through coal conveyors. The total coal requirement for power plant will be
13.8 MTPA. The indicative analysis (Proximate Analysis) of Indonesian coal is
given in Table-2.7.
TABLE-2.7
EXPECTED COAL QUALITY

Range of coal supplies Sr. No. Characteristics Unit
Performance/
design
Worst
Proximate Analysis (As Received Basis)
1 Total Moisture(Max.) % 36.00 39.00
2 Ash(Max.) % 6.00 9.00
3 Volatile Matter(Max.) % 40.0 43.00
4 Fixed Carbon(Min.) % 18.00 9.00
5 Sulphur % 0.50 0.70
6 Gross Calorific Value(As received KCal/Kg 4,200 3,700

Chapter-2
Project Description

Range of coal supplies Sr. No. Characteristics Unit
Performance/
design
Worst
basis)
7 Hard Grove Index 45 45
Trace metals
9 Zinc as Zn mg/Kg -
10 Copper as CU mg/Kg 1-13 14-30
11 Lead as Pb mg/Kg <1-10 >10
12 Mercury as Hg mg/Kg 0.04 0.04
13 Arsenic as As mg/Kg <1-2 >2
14 Nickel as Ni mg/Kg 2-22 2-22
15 Total Chromium as Cr mg/Kg 3-28 3-28

Considering the Plant Load Factor (PLF) as 85%, the Gross Calorific Value of
Indonesian coal of about 4900 kcal/kg, and design heat rate at 100% base load;
the annual coal requirement for the proposed power plant is 13.8 MTPA.

2.6.3.2 Start-up Fuel

The secondary fuel would be HFO as per IS: 1593. The start-up oil would be LDO
as per IS: 1460-1995. Both HFO and LDO would be sourced from refineries
located in places like Jamnagar, Vadodara, etc., and would be transported to
plant through road tankers. The typical characteristics of HFO and LDO are given
in Table-2.8 and Table-2.9. Fuel oil (HFO) transportation will be by road
tankers.
TABLE-2.8
TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF HFO

Sr. No. Particulars Unit HFO
1 Flash Point
0
C min 66
2 Viscosity at 15C CSt 180
3 Pour point
0
C 21
4 Ash Content by Weight % max 01
5 Free Water Content by volume % max 1.0
6 Sediment by Weight % max 0.25
7 Total Sulphur by Weight % max 4.0
8 Calcium ppm 30.5
9 Sodium ppm 10
10 Lead Content ppm 0.2
11 Vanadium ppm 40.50
12 Carbon residence (Rams bottom) % wt 7.74
13 Approx. Gross Calorific Value Kcal/kg 10,000
14 Specific Gravity at 15
0
C max 0.933


Chapter-2
Project Description

TABLE-2.9
TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF LDO

Sr. No. Particulars Unit LDO
1 Flash point
0
C min 66
2 Pour point
0
C min 12 for winter
21 for summer
3 Density at 15C Kg/m
3
850-870
4 Viscosity at 15C CSt 2.5-15.7 at 40
0
C
4 Ash Content by Weight % max 0.02
5 Water Content by volume % max 0.25
6 Sediment by Weight % max 0.1
7 Total Sulphur by Weight % max 1.8
8 Approx. Gross Calorific Value Kcal/kg 10,000

2.6.3.3 Transportation to Site

Coal from Indonesia will be received by ships at captive coal jetty proposed to be
developed as an integral part of the power project and will be located at Gojiness
village. The coal from ships will be transported directly through coal conveyor by
unloading through unloader directly feeding to coal conveyor. However, incase of
any emergency like breakdown of coal conveying system, the coal will be stored
temporarily at the jetty backup land

2.6.4 Power Evacuation

Power evacuation through 400 kV transmission network. The existing / planned
inter state transmission network, which would be available by the year 2010-11
may not be adequate for evacuation of 3500-3800 MW from the proposed power
plant. There is, thus, a necessity to strengthen the transmission network for which
detailed system studies would have to be carried out by UCPPL utilizing the
services of Gujarat Electricity Transmission Corporation (GETCO) and Power Grid
Corporation of India Limited (PGCIL). The scheme for power evacuation including
the exact voltage level at which power would be evacuated will have to be firmed
up based on the outcome of these studies. The nearest 400 kV substation is
located at Jetpur near Rajkot at a distance of 200 km from the project site.

The scheme considered for power evacuation, for the purpose of preliminary
studies indicates that all generators would be stepped up and connected to 400
kV switchyard. A 220 kV system is proposed for start up power requirement for
the plant. Details of the number of lines for power evacuation and exact layout of
the switchyard would be finalized after detailed studies are carried out.

2.6.5 Manpower

The proposed power plant will require skilled and semi-skilled personnel during
construction and operational phase. Many people in and around neighbouring
villages may, if found suitable get opportunity for employment during construction
and operational phase. The total manpower of power plant during operation
period of all the three stages is estimated to be about 900 persons.

Chapter-2
Project Description

2.6.6 Health and Sanitation

To ensure optimum hygienic conditions in the plant area, proper drainage
network will be provided to avoid water logging and outflow. Adequate health
related measures and a well equipped safety and environment department will be
provided to ensure clean and healthy environment.

2.6.7 Drainage

There are no water streams passing through the plant site. In the proposed
project no diversion of any water course is envisaged.Storm water drainage
system consisting of network of open drains will be provided covering the entire
plot. Drainage from roof of buildings will be taken down by down comer pipes.
These down comer pipes will discharge water into garland drains provided around
all buildings and which are in turn connected to the road side drains. The runoff
from plant areas, open areas, buildings and installations will be carried out
through the network of open drains running all along the road system and finally
joining main drains. The outfall of the main drains would be suitable diverted
towards rainwater harvesting area. Also, rain water charging of the area would be
planned along the main drains along their course. Drains will be designed from a
minimum self cleaning velocity of 0.6 m / sec and the maximum velocity will not
exceed 1.80 m/s. Diversion drains will be provided around the plant boundary to
facilitate area drainage.

The rain and dust suppression water runoff from the coal storage area will be
clarified in settling tank and the clear water will be routed to storm water drain.
The separated coal dust will be recycled to coal storage area.

2.6.8 Internal Roads

All internal roads within the proposed plant area will be bituminous roads except
in switch yard which will be cement concreted. Roads will be single or double
lane, depending upon the functional requirement.

2.6.9 Lightning Protection System

Adequate lightning protection facilities will be provided as per the applicable
Indian codes of practice.

2.6.10 Fire Protection System

For protection of the plant against fire, all yards and plant will be protected by
any one or a combination of the following system:

a) Hydrant system;
b) Automatic high velocity and medium velocity sprinkler system;
c) Water spray (emulsifier system);
d) Automatic fixed foam system; and
e) Portable and mobile chemical extinguisher.


Chapter-2
Project Description

The system will be designed as per the recommendation of Tariff Advisory
Committee (TAC) of Insurance Association of India. Applicable codes and
standards of National Fire Prevention Association (NFPA), USA would also be
followed.

2.6.11 Infrastructure for Labours

The basic amenities for the labour force during construction and operation phase
are proposed. The facilities comprises of the following;

Separate shelters will be provided for male and female labours for resting;
Separate wash rooms (sanitary facilities)will be provided for male and female
labours;
The contractors will be directed to provide fuel to labours for cooking;
The first aid facilities will be made available; and
Drinking water will be provided.

2.7 Proposed Schedule for Approval and Implementation

It is envisaged to synchronize the first 660 MW unit within 45 months from the
effective date. The Phase wise scheduled time for installation of the Thermal
power plant are given in Table-2.10. In addition, FGD will be installed along with
installation of Unit-4.
TABLE-2.10
SCHEDULE OF PROJECT

Sr. No. TPP Stages Units Cumulative
Installed Capacity
Time
Schedule
Project Cost,
Rs. Crores
Unit No.1 660 Sept 2015 1 Stage-I
2x660 MW Unit No.2 1320 March 2016
8,416
Unit No.3 1980 Dec 2017 2 Stage-II
2x660 MW Unit No.4 2640 June 2018
8,416
Unit No.5 3300 Dec 2018 3 Stage-III
2x660 MW Unit No.6 3960 June 2019
8,416
Total TPP Capacity 3960 8 years 25,248

2.8 Technology and Process Description

The proposed 4000 MW power plant will have the configuration 6x660MW Units
with super-critical technology. The power plant would be provided with main plant
equipment and plant auxiliary systems comprising external and internal coal
handling systems, sea water intake, raw water pretreatment and post treatment
systems, condenser cooling water system, auxiliary cooling water system, plant
effluent treatment and out fall systems, ash handling and dumping systems, fuel
oil system, service and instrument compressed air systems, air-conditioning and
ventilation systems, fire protection system, hydrogen generation system,
workshop, chemical laboratory, plant electrical system and plant instrumentation
and control systems.

2.8.1 Main Plant Equipment

For the 660 MW units, the turbine throttle steam conditions would be 247 kg/cm
2

(a), at 565
O
C and 0.102 bar back pressure. The units would be provided with a
VWO margin of 5% over their rated output.

Chapter-2
Project Description

The MCR evaporation of the steam generator would be 2120 TPH at 254 kg/cm
2

(a), and 568
O
C at main steam header outlet. The reheater flow would be 1618.5
TPH at 51 kg/cm
2
(a), and 594.4
O
C at hot re-heat header outlet.

2.8.2 Plant Auxiliary Systems

2.8.2.1 Desalination Plant

The desalination plant, based on Sea Water Reverse Osmosis (SWRO) within the
plant complex will be sized to meet the requirement of fresh water in the
proposed power plant and jetty of UCPPL. The desalination plant will typically
comprise of the following:

Pre-treatment system;
SWRO system;
Chemical dosing system;
Pre and post chlorination system; and
Post treatment system

Reverse Osmosis (RO) process is chosen over other available technologies. RO
process utilizes hydrostatic pressure to force demineralised water through a semi-
permeable membrane from saline feed water. In the membrane separation
process, separation of water from a salt solution is achieved by the physical
properties exhibited by certain type of membrane in selective rejection of salt
ions in solution.

2.8.3 Coal Handling System

Coal will be transported to plant through coal conveyor system captive jetty.
Unloaded coal will be conveyed to the Crusher House (CH) where it will be sized
in ring granulator type crushers from (-) 250 mm to (-) 20 mm. Screens provided
in the CH will screen out (-) 20 mm coal from the feed and (+) 20 mm coal would
be fed to the crushers.

Crushed coal from the crusher will be directly sent to the coal bunkers or sent to
the coal stock yard. Two (2) nos reversible, bucket wheel type Stacker cum yard.
The coal received in the stockyard from the crushers through conveyors will also
be sent to the bunkers if required. When the bunkers are full, the coal will be
stocked in the stockyard through the Stacker cum Reclaimers. When there is no
receipt of coal, the coal stocked in the coal yard will be reclaimed by utilizing the
SCRs and fed to the bunkers/ mills. The crushed coal will be stacked by SCR on
either side of the rail track through boom conveyor up to suitable height. The
stack out conveyor will be equipped with telescopic chute. Suitable dust
suppression equipment with fine spray of water will be provided to arrest the dust
particles and minimize the dust generated during handling of coal.

Eight nos coal bunkers for each unit designed for 16 hours storage capacity for
worst coal firing will be provided. The bunkers will be provided with rod and slide
gates, arch breakers etc. In line belt weighers, suspended magnets, metal
detectors, inline magnetic separators, flap gates, rack and pinion gates, etc will

Chapter-2
Project Description

be furnished as required. Dust extraction at various transfer points, crusher
house and bunkers and dust suppression systems at various transfer points,
Wagon tippler hopper and Coal stock yard to control dust hazard and pollution will
be furnished. Roof extractor fans will be provided for boiler bunker floor.
Pressurized ventilation system with unitary air filtration unit will be provided for
tunnel conveyors, control room and MCC buildings. Drinking and service water
system will be provided at all transfer points, crusher house, wagon tipplers
complex, control room and bunker bay.

The coal handling system will be designed for coal requirement for the unit at
Turbine MCR condition (@ 85 % PLF & GCV of 3400Kcal/Kg) in 2 shifts operation.
It will have two identical streams; one (1) operating + one (1) as stand by of
rated capacity. Crushed coal stock pile area development and drainage facility for
stacking of 20- 30 days coal consumption will be provided.

2.8.4 Fuel Oil System

HFO(Heavy Fuel Oil) Unloading System

Heavy fuel oil will be used for, low load operation for pulverised coal flame
stabilization at low load operation. The heavy fuel oil will be brought to sight by
the rail/road tankers. Two nos. HFO storage tanks of capacity 2000 cum each will
be provided with mat coil heater and suction heaters along with all necessary
auxiliaries. From tankers oil will be unloaded to a steam header through hoses
and will be transferred to storage tanks by three (2xWorking +1xStandby)
unloading pumps. Before each pump one duplex strainer will be provided. The
fuel oil will be drawn from HFO storage tanks by fuel oil pressurising pumps and
pumped through steam oil heaters. The oil will be taken to the steam generator
units and re-circulated to the storage tanks through oil coolers. The oil
requirement of the oil burners of the steam generator will be tapped off from the
ring main formed at the steam generator area. The oil pressure will be
maintained at the required value in the pressure main by means of an automatic
pressure regulating valves. Oil temperature will be controlled by regulating steam
flow to fuel oil heaters.

Drain oil tank with oil transfer pump with motor, duplex filter at suction and other
accessories for each steam generator will be provided to transfer drain oil from
boiler area to HFO storage tanks. One condensate flash tank complete with all
accessories is required and all condensate piping upto flash tank and from flash
tank to the drain pit including all valves and fittings.

LDO (Light Diesel Oil) Unloading System

LDO will be used as supporting fuel for boiler start-ups and flame stabilisation
during low loads. LDO will be brought to plant by rail/road tankers and will be
unloaded and stored in two numbers storage tanks, each of 600 cum capacity by
means of 2 x 100% unloading pumps. Before each pump duplex strainer will be
provided. The LDO forwarding system having 3 x 50% forwarding pumps will feed
the boiler burner at the required pressure and temperature. The fuel oil drains
from different equipment and piping etc. of the steam generator will be brought
by gravity to the drain oil tank provided for each steam generator. The oil

Chapter-2
Project Description

collected in these tanks will be periodically pumped back to the fuel oil storage
tanks. Drains from the unloading and common oil pressurising pump house area
will be led to another drain oil tank and will be pumped to fuel oil storage tanks.
The oily waste water drains from each steam generator and ash dyke area will be
collected and suitably treated in an oil water separator. The treated water will
have an oil content not exceeding 10 ppm.

The recovered oil from oil separators will be led to a drain oil tanks/ waste oil
collection tanks. Separated water will be pumped to the effluent treatment plant
by sump pumps. LDO will be used as supporting fuel for boiler start-ups and
flame stabilisation during low loads. LDO will be brought to plant by rail tankers
and will be unloaded and stored in two numbers storage tanks, each of 2000 cum
capacity by means of 3 x 50% unloading pumps.

2.8.5 Steam Generator & Auxiliaries

The Steam Generator will be of forced or assisted circulation with super-critical
steam parameters, once through type, single reheat arrangement for firing
pulverized coal. The steam generator will be drumless, but will include two (2)
nos. separators and 1x100% start-up drain recirculation pump along with all
other necessary auxiliaries.

The steam generator will be designed for satisfactory, continuous and reliable
operation at high efficiency with the range of coal being provided to this thermal
power plant with minimum requirement of support fuel oil for flame stabilization
within its control range. The furnace design will have adequate residence time
provided to burn the fuel completely. The steam generator will be designed as per
IBR / ASME Sec. I and will meet IBR (Indian Boiler Regulations) requirements.

The Steam Generator will be designed to fire 100 % Indian coal. While selecting
the steam generator capacity, adequate margin will be kept over the turbine inlet
steam requirement at 100% MCR (maximum continuous rating) and 3% make up
so as to cater to the demand of auxiliary steam needed for soot blowing, and also
towards future derating.

The steam generator will also be capable to perform the following:

To generate the entire turbine swallowing capacity steam during valves wide
open (VWO) condition of the turbine.
To operate with HP heaters out of service condition thus resulting in lower
feed water temperature at economiser inlet while generating steam to meet
the turbine requirement at 100% MCR.
Boiler economiser will be non-steaming type with provision for recirculation
during start-up.

To operate without trouble during HP/LP turbine bypass condition

The complete furnace section will be of welded membrane wall type, arranged as
a gas and pressure tight envelope. The extended side wall section locating
reheaters will also be covered with water cooled section. The circulation system
will be complete with necessary number of unheated downcomers, suction

Chapter-2
Project Description

manifold, suction spools, circulating pumps, discharge lines with stop check valve,
and riser pipings.

Main Steam and Reheat Steam Temperature Control

For maintaining the steam temperature control range (rated steam temperature
of 571 5
o
C within the prescribed limits at the outlet of superheater and
reheater) desuperheating stations will be provided. The water required for
desuperheating stations will be tapped off at the outlet of the boiler feed water
pumps, to control the final steam temperature between 60% to 100% MCR load.

Soot Blowing System

The steam generator will be provided with a set of soot blowers fully automatic,
sequentially controlled, microprocessor based system, arranged for on-line
cleaning of heat transfer surfaces e.g. water walls, superheaters, reheater,
economiser and will be complete with provision for individual operation of any
soot blower pair & facility to bypass any soot blower will be provided. The system
will have short retractable rotary wall blowers for the furnace & long retractable
rotary blowers for the superheater, reheater & economizer. The steam for the
soot blowers will be taken from the secondary super-heater outlet after the
pressure reducing station.

RAPH and SCAPH

2x60% tri-sector regenerative type air pre-heaters (RAPH) will be provided for
the boiler for primary and secondary air heating. Steam Coil Air Pre-Heaters
(SCAPH) will be provided at the discharge duct of each F.D. fan, and will be
installed close to the regenerative air heater. The SCAPH will be of modular
construction type with fin tubes and will be designed to maintain the cold end
temperature above acid dew point temperature during boiler start-up and low
load operations.

Steam Generator (SG) Fans

The steam generator will be provided with 2 x 60% forced draft fans (FD fan), 2 x
60% induced draft fans (ID fan), 2 x 60% primary air fans (PA fan), 2 x 100%
seal air fans, cooling air fans, dampers and associated equipment. The FD fans
may be of constant speed, axial flow type; ID fan of radial, backward curved type
and the PA fan of constant speed, centrifugal type. The PA fans and FD fans will
have axial blade pitch control whereas ID fans will be provided with Variable
Frequency Drive (VFD). 2 x 60% ID fans are provided for maintaining balanced
draft within the steam generator combustion chamber and evacuation of flue
gases to the chimney. The dampers are provided for the complete ID fan system.

Electrostatic Precipitator (ESP)

Each steam generating unit will be provided with having adequate capacity to
handle flue gases under BMCR condition of electrostatic precipitators (ESP). Each
ESP will have two parallel gas paths, any of which can be isolated for
maintenance while the other path being in operation. Each path will comprise the

Chapter-2
Project Description

required number of fields in series for collection of fly ash. The ESP will have
collection efficiency of around 99.9%. The ESP will have adequate number of ash
hoppers provided with electric heaters. ESP will be provided with Microprocessor
based controller. The design of ESP will be such that the outlet dust burden or
solid particulate matter (SPM) content at its outlet does not exceed 50 mg/Nm
3
at
100% MCR with worst coal, with all fields in operation. Sulphur dioxide
concentration level for power station will be based on the sulphur content of the
coal, which in imported Indonesian coal will not be much of an issue and also
there will be no requirement for installing any flue gas desulphurising (FGD)
equipment but space has to be kept for the same for installation in future.

Coal Combustion System

The coal combustion system will be designed for firing 100% Indigenous coal.
Milling system will be sized to ensure rated performance for lifetime. The mills
system will have adequate numbers of vertical spindle bowl type arranged for
pressurised operation and designed such that while operating at BMCR capacity
firing worst coal, one will be available as spare. Each mill will be provided with
one gravimetric raw coal feeder. The coal system will be completed with
gravimetric raw coal feeders, chutes, coal pulverisers, primary air fans, seal air
fans, pulverised fuel (PF) pipes, PF burners and burner wind box, tilt drives (if
applicable) and complete actuator assemblies, igniters, scanners, scanner fans.

The pulverised fuel from each mill will be taken through the pulverised fuel
piping, one each to the four corners of the furnace, thus each mill serving one
fuel nozzle elevation. The burner wind box will be located in the four corners of
the furnace and arranged for tilting tangential firing. The arrangement of the
pulverisers, classifiers, riffle boxes, pipes and burners will ensure a uniform
distribution of the fuel and air throughout the fuel pipe system and across the
furnace under all conditions of operation and with all combinations of pulverisers
and burners in service. The arrangement of all equipment, pulverisers, fans and
burners will permit ease of access during overhaul and maintenance. Access will
be made available for the use of a fork lift or mobile crane during maintenance.

Coal Bunkers

Separate, self-emptying and free standing coal bunkers will be provided for the
boiler. One bunker will be provided for each coal pulveriser. The effective bunker
live storage capacity for the boiler will give 16 hours operation of the "duty
pulverisers at BMCR. When calculating the bunker capacity, bulk density of coal
will be taken as 850 kg/m. For structural design the bulk density of coal will be
taken as 1,050 kg/m with an angle of repose of 35. Bunkers will be designed to
assist free flow of coal to the bunker outlet and to reduce to a minimum the
possibility of coal hanging-up in the bunker. Internally, the bunker will present a
clean surface without horizontal edges on which coal may lodge and all internal
surfaces will be streamlined to the direction of the coal flow.

Coal Chutes

A permanent bunker emptying chute along with necessary coal flow diversion
valves between each bunker and coal feeder will be provided. Chutes will enable

Chapter-2
Project Description

unloading of bunkers on trucks at ground level. A permanent diversion chute from
each feeder along with necessary gates and valves will be provided for emptying
bunkers by using feeder. Chute will enable, unloading of bunkers on trucks at
ground level.

Raw Coal Feeders

Each pulveriser will be provided with a reversible gravimetric type raw coal feeder
complete with its own microprocessor based precision weighing and calibration
devices. The coal flow from each feeder to each pulveriser will be measured and
controlled as part of the boiler automatic control and burner management
systems.

Coal Pulverisers

The coal pulverisers will be pressurised, vertical spindle bowl type arranged for
pressurised operation. The coal pulveriser (mill) capacity selection will be based
on 90% mill loading.

Pulverised Fuel (PF) Pipes

PF pipes will be lined with ceramic material to avoid erosion of the pipes. Power
operated flap type mill discharge valve on each classifier outlet on PF pipe to be
provided.

Seal Air Fans

Two (2 x 100%) seal air fans common to all the pulverisers of the steam
generator will be provided and arranged for duty and standby operation. The seal
air fans will take their suction from cold primary air header or directly from
atmosphere.

Coal Burners

Coal burners will be provided with burners tilt mechanism (if applicable) tilt
drives, linkages and complete actuator assemblies, burner tilt position
transmitters etc. Turn down ratio of coal firing system will be 2:1 (min). The
minimum load without oil support will be 30% BMCR with two adjacent mills in
service with mill loading above 50%. The air / fuel ratio around the burner will be
optimized to ensure low emission of NOx, which will not exceed 260 gm / GJ of
heat input of the boiler. Burner will be provided with centralized automatic control
along with flame scanner and safety protection.

Support Fuel Oil System

The steam generating unit will be provided with Light Diesel Oil (LDO)
pressurising units for supplying LDO to oil burners during boiler cold and hot
start-ups as well as for flame stabilisation with coal firing during low load
operations up to maximum 30% BMCR load.


Chapter-2
Project Description


FIGURE-2.6
PROCESS FLOW SCHEME FOR PROPOSED THERMAL POWER PLANT

Condenser
Generator
Turbine
D.M Makeup
Deaerator
CEP
LP Heater
BFP
Cooling
Tower
C.W
Pump
Intake Pump house
S
e
a

W
a
t
e
r
Central
Monitoring Basin H P Heater
FD
Fan
PA
Fan
Air
Preheater
Boiler
Coal
Bunker
Mill
Bottom Ash
E
c
o
n
o
m
i
s
a
r
Chimney
ID
Fan
Electrostatic
Precipitator
Fly Ash Collection/
Disposal
RO/ Desalination
plant
outfall
CT Makeup

Chapter-2
Project Description

A. Steam Turbine

The steam turbine would be tandem compound, single reheat, condensing,
horizontally split machine with uncontrolled extractions for Four (4) LP heaters,
Three (3) HP heaters and One(1) Deaerator. The steam turbine will consist of
proven HP turbine, IP turbine, and LP turbine modules. However the final number
of heaters will depend upon the cycle optimization by the steam turbine supplier
selected for this project.

The major turbine cycle parameters at 100% TMCR are as given in the Table-
2.11.
TABLE-2.11
STEAM CONDITIONS

Sr. No. Parameters Values
1 Turbine MCR 660 MW
2 Main Steam Inlet Pressure 247 bar
3 Main Steam Inlet Temperature 566 C
4 Reheat Steam Inlet Pressure 41 bar
5 Reheat Steam Inlet Temperature 566 C
6 Exhaust pressure 0.1 bar @ 33 C CW inlet temp.
7 Turbine speed 3000 rpm
8 DM water makeup requirement to
thermal cycle
Max. 3%; zero considered in Guarantee
case
9 Condenser type Water cooled
10 Cooling type By 2 nos. induced draft cooling tower

Steam turbine will be capable of swallowing maximum steaming capacity of 5%
higher than Turbine Maximum Continuous Rating (TMCR) on continuous basis for
at Valve Wide Open (VWO) condition. The Integral HP&IP turbine will be single
flow, horizontal split, inner casing being kinematically supported within the outer
casing barrel type construction without any massive horizontal flange while two
LP Turbines for single flow type. LP turbines will have the horizontally split,
fabricated LP casing comprises of three shells. LP turbine is connected with IP
cylinder by two cross around pipes, one on either side of the machine and level
with floor. HP and IP turbine blades will have 50% reaction component and both
fixed and moving in same profile. While LP turbines will have the fixed and rotor
blades of the first few stages similar to IP blading and the last three stages of the
LP turbine will have twisted blades. Necessary protective and supervisory system
will be provided to ensure trouble-free, safe and efficient operation of the turbine
generator. The turbine will capable of accepting variations from the rated
conditions within the limits as recommended by IEC-45. The steam turbine apart
from being capable of base load operation will also be designed for two shift
operation. The turbine will have a lubricating oil system for supplying oil to
turbine and generator bearings and also to hydrogen seal oil system of the
generator. The lubricating oil will be cooled by closed circuit cooling water system
water as cooling medium.


Chapter-2
Project Description

Steam Condenser Unit

For each unit condenser will be of two pass, divided water box designed with
horizontal surface type with straight tubes and will be capable of maintaining the
required vacuum while condensing steam at the maximum rating of the turbine
and will also be designed for turbine bypass condition. Hot well storage tank will
be designed for three (3) minutes storage between the operating levels. The
condenser will be designed to maintain turbine maximum continuous rating
(TMCR) load with 10% tube plugging. On-load maintenance of one half of the
condenser will be possible by isolating the same. Condenser on Load Tube
Cleaning System complete with ball recirculation units, pumps, drive motors, ball
collectors etc. and appurtenances matching the requirements of the Condenser
will be provided.

Condensate Extraction Pumps

Condensate Extraction Pumps (CEPs) for each unit will be 3 x 50% capacity (2
working + 1 standby) motor driven, Vertical Centrifugal, Multistage, Cannister
type along with all accessories, drives, suction strainers, associated piping and
valves, instrumentation and control etc. The first stage impeller will be installed
below ground level within a can. The CEPs will have the following features:

Best efficiency point will correspond to 100% TMCR under rated condition.

Pumps will be capable of handling the flow corresponding to HPLP by pass
operation with turbine under tripped condition as well as turbine on house
load so as not to fall into over discharge trip due to rapid action of the LP
turbine bypass desuperheater spray
Strainer will be provided on suction line of each pump. Strainer body will be of
simplex and cylindrical type.

Vacuum Pumps

For each unit 3 x 50 % vacuum pumps will be provided to maintain the vacuum in
the condenser by expelling the non-condensable gases. Two vacuum pump will
operate during normal plant operation. During start-up, all the pumps may be
operated together such that the desired vacuum can be achieved within a short
time.

Condensate Polishing Plant

On-line Condensate Polishing Plant (CPP) is envisaged to treat the condensate to
maintain desired quality of condensate water as recommended by boiler
manufacturer. The CPP Plant should also be capable of maintaining specified
condensate quality during start-up and condenser tube leakage. The plant will be
designed for 100% condensate polishing corresponding to the maximum mass
flow rate established with VWO condition of turbine at 3% cycle make up with
suitable bypass arrangement plus maximum heat cycle make-up. Three (3x50%)
Polisher Vessels for the unit, associated pipe works, valves, instruments; control
panels etc. will be located at ground floor of the Power House. There will be two
(2x100%) air Blowers for Polisher Vessels for the unit. The regeneration facilities

Chapter-2
Project Description

will be external and comprising of Regeneration Vessels, acid and alkali Measuring
Tanks and Pumps will be located near the water demineralising plant (DM)
Building. The resins will be transferred to the Regeneration Area from the Polisher
Vessels and vice versa through a pipeline.

HP/LP Turbine Bypass System

HP bypass system will be provided between Main Steam (MS) and Cold Reheat
(CRH) lines. The HP bypass system will have capacity not less than 60% of Boiler
Maximum Continuous Rating (BMCR) steam flow considering rated main steam
parameters at upstream of valves and CRH steam parameters corresponding to
60% Turbine Maximum Continuous Rating (TMCR) condition on the down stream
with constant pressure operation and no steam extraction for regenerative feed
heating except deaerator pegging.

LP bypass system will be provided between Hot Reheat (HRH) line and condenser.
The LP bypass system will consist of 2x50% valves and will be designed to
condition the incoming steam from reheater to parameters matching with those of
LP turbine exhaust steam and the capacity will be commensurate with that of the
HP bypass system plus the spray water used in HP bypass. HP and LP turbine
bypass system will be provided along with the steam turbine and auxiliaries. The
bypass station will be sized for a flow corresponding to 60% of boiler maximum
continuous rating (BMCR).

The bypass station will have the following functions:

Act as a protection to the unit during pressure rise resulting from sudden load
throw off

Enable operation of the unit at loads lower than the controllable range. This
will permit it quick, repeated hot starts of the unit on its tripping.

Boiler Feed Pumps and Deaerator

3x 50% capacity (each) horizontal, centrifugal, multistage boiler feed pumps
(BFP) will be provided. It is proposed to have 2 x 50% turbine driven BFP and 1 x
50% motor driven BFP with the booster pumps mounted on the common shaft.
Each pump will be designed to give parameters to suit the steam generator
requirements such that two feed pumps will be capable of meeting the full
requirement of the boiler with the third pump as standby. Hydraulic coupling will
be provided to achieve speed control of feed pumps. The BFPs will be designed
for 10% margin in capacity and around 10% margin in head over and above the
normal rated condition Each BFP will have one matching capacity single stage
booster pump. The booster pump will take suction from deaerator feed water
storage tank and discharge into the suction of corresponding main BFP which in
turn, will supply feed water to steam generator through the HP heaters and feed
control station.

For deaerating and heating of the feed water the unit will be provided with a
spray-cum-tray type deaerating heater with a horizontal feed water storage tank
of minimum 6 minutes capacity of BMCR condition. The deaerator will be capable

Chapter-2
Project Description

of deaerating all the incoming condensate from LP feed water heaters and drains
from HP feed water heaters to provide boiler feed to match the BMCR
requirements continuously. The deaerator will be designed to keep the oxygen
content of the condensate below 0.005 cc/litre with zero free carbon dioxide.

Deaerator will normally operate by taking extraction steam from IP turbine
casing. However, during low load operation and start-up, the deaerator will be
pegged with steam drawn from auxiliary header. The deaerator will be placed at a
suitable elevation to provide sufficient NPSH for the boiler feed booster pumps
and considering the head available for the drain of the preceding HP heater
condensate flow to the deaerator.

Feed Regulating Station (FRS) for feed water flow control

FRS will consist the following :

a. Pneumatically operated (0 to 30% BMCR capacity range ) feed control valve.
b. Motor operated gate valves with motor integral bypass valve one each on
upstream and downstream of feed control valve
c. Motor operated gate valve parallel to the feed control valve to bypass the feed
control valve in the unit operation range of 30 to 100%. BMCR.

Regenerative Feed Water Heating System

Regenerative feed heating system is envisaged for the turbine cycle to improve
the efficiency. While, exact number of heaters will be based on the optimization
to be carried out by the Steam turbine supplier, typical feed heating system with
four (4) numbers of LP heaters, one number direct contact type deaerating heater
and three (3) numbers of HP heaters are foreseen for this type of Unit. HP and LP
feed heaters will be tube and shell type. LP feed heaters will be of horizontal and
U-tube type with integral drain cooler. HP heaters will be 2 x 50%, horizontal and
U-tube type with integral desuperheating, condensing and drain cooling sections.

Automatic Turbine run-up system (ATRS)

ATRS will run the turbine automatically from zero speed to synchronizing speed
and then load the machine up to block loading and continuously check the
operation up to 100% MCR without impairing the life of the turbine. The
automatic turbine run up system will be designed to provide for the following
functions:

Automatic start up/shut down sequence
Stress/temperature margin controlled acceleration as per the preselected
mode i.e. slow, normal and fast.
Stress / temperature margin controlled loading/unloading.
Automatic synchronization and loading up to 100% MCR
Unloading and shut down of the machine


Chapter-2
Project Description

Turbine Lubrication System

The turbine will have a lubricating oil system for supplying oil to turbine and
generator bearings and also to hydrogen seal oil system of the generator. The
lubricating oil will be cooled by open circuit cooling water system utilizing
Demineralised (DM) water as cooling medium. For lubrication of turbine bearings
and actuation of the governing system mineral oil is used as a fluid. This mineral
oil is also employed for operation of turbine turning gear and jacking oil system.
Activities are used to increase the resistance to corrosion and ageing. Oil will be
supplied to the bearings and governing system by means of main oil pumps at
approx 8 bar (g) pressure.

The oil pumping system will comprise of three types of pumps:

Main oil pump: It will be driven by the turbine and designed to develop the
rated discharge pressure at 90-95% rated speed. The pump will be sized to
meet the normal requirements of lubrication system.

Auxiliary oil pump: 2x100% AC auxiliary oil pumps will supply the oil
requirements of the turbine generator set during start-ups and shut downs.

DC emergency oil pump: This pump will be kept as a standby, which can be
started manually or automatically through a pressure switch when the lube oil
pressure drops to 50% of the normal value.

This will be used only when the main and auxiliary oil pumps cease to operate or
there is breakdown in the electricity supply system to the pumps.

The oil will be stored in a tank of the adequate capacity of tank which will meet
the various requirements. A basket type oil strainer will be mounted in the tank.
The oil vapour exhausters will be mounted on the tank which produces a slight
vacuum in the tank, bearing pedestals and the drain lines such that oil vapour will
be exhausted in a controlled manner.

Governing system of Turbine

The turbine will be equipped with electro-hydraulic governing system backed up
with hydro-mechanical system ensuring stable operation under any grid
fluctuations and load throw off conditions.

Power cycle piping

The power cycle piping comprising of piping, valves, fittings, supports, for steam,
condensate, water, oil, air and others etc. will be provided as per the requirement
of the systems. Pipelines running outside the powerhouse will be routed on pipe
trestles to the extent possible.

Ash Handling System

Ash formed due to combustion of pulverised coal in the steam generators will be
collected as bottom ash in the bottom ash hopper, coarse ash in economiser

Chapter-2
Project Description

hoppers and fly ash in APH, ESP and duct hoppers. Bottom ash will be collected in
wet form while fly ash will be collected in dry form to facilitate utilisation and the
unutilised fly ash will be disposed in wet form (high concentration slurry)
combined with bottom ash to the ash pond.

The system adopted for bottom ash removal would be an clinker grinder and and
jet pump system and for fly ash removal, vacuum-cumpressure type pneumatic
system. Fly ash handling would be carried out in dry form using closed /open type
tankers from the ash silo utilisation; however, the unutilised ash will be
transported in high density slurry form to the ash pond.

Bottom ash Handling System

A maximum of 20% of the total ash produced by each Steam Generator would be
collected in the water impounded, refractory lined furnace hopper as bottom ash
(BA). The bottom ash hoppers (BAH) will have a capacity to store about eight (8)
hours collection of bottom ash. Wet bottom ash handling system being provided
will have Double `V type water impounded bottom ash hopper for each unit with
four outlets equipped with hydraulically operated gates. The bottom ash hopper
discharge gates two (2) numbers will be opened and the stored ash from bottom
ash hopper will be transported through clinker grinder and jet pumps to slurry
sump common for both units. Coarse ash collected in Economiser hoppers will
also be discharged to the dewatering bins along with wet bottom ash.

A heavy duty clinker grinder would be provided at each outlet of BAH to crush the
ash clinkers to (-) 25mm size. Ash from the clinker grinder will be conveyed to
dewatering bins through the jet pumps in slurry form provided below each clinker
grinder. Water mixed with some ash from bins will be fed to a settling tank from
where water will be led to a decanting tank for further use .Dewatered ash from
dewatering bins will be either loaded to road trucks for utilization or shall be led
to a HCSD system. High concentrated slurry will be transported by ash pipelines
on pedestals to the ash dyke. Conveying water source for bottom ash system and
high concentrated slurry can be any of the waste water like cooling tower blow
down, boiler blow down. All the conveying water, in high concentrated slurry is
either absorbed or evaporated from the ash pond area.

Fly Ash Handling System

Vacuum Conveying System

Fly ash collected in ESP, APH and duct hoppers of each unit will be conveyed from
respective hoppers to buffer hoppers by vacuum system for onward pressure
transportation to storage silos for collection in dry form. Each Fly ash hopper will
be provided with manual isolation valve and ash intake valve below the hopper
flange. Ash intake valves in the first three fields of ESP will be air assisted diffuser
intake type valves. Gravity discharge type intake valves will be provided for the
rest of the ESP fields and other Air Pre-heater and Duct hoppers. During system
operation, the ash intake valve will open and fly ash will fall under gravity into the
ash conveying pipeline (branch pipeline) running below the Fly Ash hoppers. Each
branch pipe of the conveying system below hoppers will be provided with an air
intake valve through which atmospheric air will enter the conveying line. Each

Chapter-2
Project Description

branch line will be laid along the flue gas path and four such branch pipelines
emerging out of one ESP will be connected to a header pipe, which will be led to
the bag filter separator cum buffer hopper. Each branch pipeline will be separated
from header by cylinder operated isolation valve. The bag filter unit will be placed
above all the buffer/ intermediate hoppers, and main ash storage silos. Each
conveying stream going to buffer hopper will have one dedicated bag filter
separator. Dry ash is separated from the ash-air mixture in the bag filter
separator and conveying air passes to the vacuum pump. Fly ash arrested in the
filter separator bags gets dislodged intermittently into the buffer hopper through
high-pressure air pulses from Instrument air source. The buffer hopper will be
integral to the bag filter separator. Conveying air released from the bag filter
separator will pass on to the vacuum pump.

Pneumatic Pressure Transport System

A positive pressure conveying system will be provided below each buffer hopper
to transport the dry fly ash to the fly ash silos. Each buffer hopper will have ash
vessel for transferring the ash to the conveyor pipeline to be provided below the
vessels. A pressure conveying stream will comprise of a group of vessels below
each buffer hopper along with its dedicated piping. The ash vessels will be
operated in a predetermined cycle to feed the fly ash into the conveying pipeline
through air lock valves. Dry ash will be mixed with compressed air and the ash-
air mixture will be conveyed through the pipeline running up to the storage silos.
The ash will be discharged into the silos from the conveying piping and the
conveying air will be released into the atmosphere after passing through the vent
filter mounted over each silo. The conveying compressors provided at the
upstream of ash vessels will supply necessary compressed air for ash conveying.

Fly Ash Disposal System

Two (2) nos of storage silos per unit will be of flat bottom / conical type with the
provision of Air slides at the bottom. Storage silos will be provided to store
precipitator fly ash with adequate air space. The silo will be used to collect dry fly
ash for the purpose of utilisation/sale. It will have facilities for dry ash unloading
into covered road tankers and conditioned fly ash in open road tankers.
Each dry fly ash storage silo will be provided with following arrangement for
unloading the fly ash.

A retractable telescopic chute along with rotary feeder for unloading the dry
fly ash into closed road tankers.
Rotary type drum unloader and dust conditioner along with feeder for loading
the conditioned ash into open road tankers
One connection along with isolation valves will be provided in the silo for
dispose off dry ash in high concentrated slurry form through existing ash
disposal system.

The storage silo will be designed to provide clear headroom for a road tanker to
come under the silo. Silos for each unit having sufficient storage capacity for 16
hours. Bag filters will be provided on the storage silos for cleaning the aeration
and displaced air before venting out. Exhaust fans will be provided to assist
venting. Bag filters and fans will be installed under cover, and will be protected

Chapter-2
Project Description

from all potential adverse weather conditions. Necessary drain arrangements will
be provided to transfer miscellaneous drains of the silo area to effluent treatment
plant.

2.8.5.1 Cooling Water System

It is considered that both alternatives of CW system - once through type or
recirculating type with cooling towers - are technically feasible. The project area
identified is considered adequate for either of the systems. For the purpose of this
report recirculating type with cooling towers is considered. This would ensure that
relevant environmental clearances can be obtained by the project promoters.

The source of consumptive water for the thermal power plant would be Arabian
sea, which is at a distance of 6.0 km from site. The total requirement of sea
water make is 37,412 m
3
/hr for 3960 MW capacity considered a cycle of
concentration of 1.3. Sea water is proposed to be pumped from the sea water
intake pump house to the cooling tower forebay for makeup of closed loop
circulation system.

For the condenser cooling, closed circuit re-circulation system with seawater
make-up using induced draught cooling towers has been proposed. The make up
water for the condenser cooling would be drawn from the sea by pumps and
discharged into the common CW forebay. From the CW pump house the cooling
water would be pumped to the condenser through individual MS conduits. The
discharge would be led partially to the cooling tower basin through similar MS
conduits with suitable lining or GRP pipes and balance back to sea. Cycles of
concentration (COC) of 1.3 will be maintained.

Fresh water required for other services viz. DM plant, fire protection system,
cooling water make up for air-conditioning & ventilation system and plant potable
water system, service water, auxiliary cooling (bearing cooling) etc. would be
supplied from Desalination plant.

Feed cycle makeup and cooling water for steam generator and turbine generator
auxiliaries would be met from the DM plant.

The CW system blow down, desalination plant reject, DM plant regeneration
effluent (after neutralization), boiler blow down and other process effluent waters
will be collected in the equalization tank and will be pumped back to sea at
suitable location to ensure the proper thermal and salinity dispersion. Oil-water
separators have been envisaged to separate the oil from oil-water sewers from
transformer area, central lube oil system, fuel oil tank dyke area, etc. The clear
water will be taken to equalization tank for further disposal to sea. The separated
oil will be disposed-off to nearby industries for burning in furnaces or will be
recycled back to HFO tank. The clarifier sludge from the water pre-treatment
plant will be pumped to sludge handling system for thickening sludge using
centrifuges and the thickened sludge will be used for land filling. The separated
water from the centrifuges will be used for land filling or for ash dyke wall.


Chapter-2
Project Description

2.9 Sources of Pollution

The various types of pollution from the proposed power plant are categorized
under the following types:

Air pollution;
Water pollution;
Solid waste; and
Noise pollution.

The major type of pollution from the power plant is gaseous emissions. In
addition, wastewater and solid waste will also be generated. The quantities and
the composition of the gaseous, liquid and solid waste that are likely to be
generated in the plant will be managed and treated such that their final disposal
into the environment meets all the statutory requirements and thus the
environmental impacts are minimized.

2.9.1 Air Emissions

The major pollutants emitted from the power plant stack will be SO
2
, NOx and
particulate matter. Proper control measures as described below will be installed to
minimize the stack emissions within the stipulated/permissible limits prescribed
by National Ambient Air Quality Standards.

Suspended Particulate Matter

Particulate Matter (PM) is one of the important pollutants from the proposed
power plant. High efficiency (>99.78%) electrostatic precipitators are proposed to
be installed to limit the particulate matter emissions to below 50 mg/Nm
3
.

Sulphur dioxide

The Sulphur content in coal is about 0.7%. One stack of twin flue of 275-m height
will be provided, as per CPCB/MoEF Norms, to disperse the gaseous emissions.

Oxides of Nitrogen

To reduce the NOx emissions from the steam generator, all provisions in the
steam generator design and fuel firing system will be made. Necessary
confirmation from the boiler manufacturers regarding concentration from stack
will be less than 9 kg of Nox/ton of coal burnt would be taken as a measure to
control production of this pollutant right at the source.

Thermal Pollution

Heat loss through the stack represents only about 8% to 10% of the total heat
input to the furnace. The quantum of heat so lost to the atmosphere is not
significant. It may further be noted that the area is subjected to moderate wind
speed and good rainfall.

The effect of tall chimneys, which are being installed primarily to take care of the
gaseous discharges, would also indirectly help in diffusing the thermal pollution.
Due to the high kinetic energy gained by the flue gases issuing from the stack,

Chapter-2
Project Description

the effective rise of the plume would ensure discharge of flue gas at a
considerably higher stratum ensuring dilution of the gas dispersed leaving the
local environment virtually unaffected.

2.9.2 Liquid Waste Generation

Effluents will be generated from cooling tower blow down, wash water and
wastewater from sanitary facilities. Sanitary effluent will be treated in sewage
treatment plant. The cooling water blow down will be treated and reused in ash
conduction and disposal system and dust suppression system. Blow down from
cooling towers will be the main sources of the wastewater. Besides this, DM plant
waste, domestic waste from canteen and toilets will be the other wastes
generated. The cooling tower blow down will be reused in dust suppression,
ash/coal handling, fly ash conditioning, ash disposal and service water. The
treated wastewater from Sewage & Effluent Treatment Plant will be used in
greenbelt development.

The generated wastewater to a maximum extent will be used for ash handling
plant, coal handling plant and green belt and the remaining net treated
wastewater will be sent for disposal. The disposal water will meet the general
standards of wastewater discharge.

Adequate storm drains will be constructed along the boundary of the plant area
and within the plant area to drain off the storm water during monsoon period.

2.9.3 Solid Waste Generation in Power Plant

Ash is the main solid waste generated in the coal based thermal power plant. The
main fuel for this power plant is imported coal which will be sourced from
Indonesia, having an ash content of about 10 %. Considering this, about 1.38
MTPA with 0.28 MTPA of fly ash and 1.1 bottom ash will be generated.

Major portion of the ash will be utilized for the cement manufacturing. Efforts will
be made to utilize 100% fly ash as per the Fly Ash Notification, 1999.

2.9.4 Noise Pollution

The noise levels expected from various noise generating sources in the proposed
plant are given in Table-2.11.
TABLE-2.11
SOURCE NOISE LEVELS IN THE PROPOSED PLANT

Sr. No. Unit Expected Noise Level dB(A) [1m away]
1 Turbine unit 80-85
2 Cooling tower 65-70
3 Air compressors 80-85
4 Transformer 70-75
5 Boilers 80-85


Chapter-2
Project Description

2.9.5 Environmental Aspects With Mitigation Measures

The plant will have the following environmental friendly measures:
Electrostatic precipitators (ESP) would be provided for the steam generators
to limit the emissions of particulate matter (PM) to 50 mg/Nm
3
as per the
guidelines of Central Pollution Control Board and State Pollution Control
Board. Further, for effective dispersion of SO
2
, NOx and PM, three stacks
(each stack with twin flue arrangement) of height 275 m for 6x660 MW units
would be provided. This would limit the ground level concentration of air
pollutants like suspended particulates, SO
2
, NOx, and PM within the limits
stipulated by the Central and State Pollution Control Boards.

Space provision has been made for future installation of FGD unit, if required
is considered in the preparation of the plant layout enclosed.

The water effluents would be treated to meet the MOEF norms.

In respect of sea water intake and outfall systems for cooling water scheme,
the services of National Institute of Oceanography, Goa has been utilized for a
specific rapid marine EIA study.

Effective ash management plan for utilization of fly ash would be planned and
implemented to ensure the proper disposal and uses of generated fly-ash. The
ash utilization would be progressively increased to achieve 100%.

All the measures would be taken to limit the noise levels within the
permissible limits in the premises and at the plant boundary.

Provision has been made for the green belt within the premises covering
about 33% of the total plant area.

In view of the above measures, no significant impact on environment is
expected due to the installation of proposed power project.

The detailed description of pollution indicators and its management are given in
Chapter-4.

Universal Crescent Power P LTD EIA Report Part I

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