THE CIVIL WAR Songs at Work in North and South Factory (North): 1836 Song Lyrics Sung by Protesting

Workers at Lowell: Oh! isn't it a pity, such a pretty girl as I Should be sent to the factory to pine away and die? Oh! I cannot be a slave, I will not be a slave, For I'm so fond of liberty, That I cannot be a slave. Plantation (South): Go Down Moses (traditional spiritual): When Israel was in Egypt's Land: Let my people go. Oppress'd so hard they could not stand, Let my people go Refrain: Go down Moses 'way down in Egypt's land Tell ol' Pharaoh, Let my peoples go. Slavery http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xrGOUsAR7Cw&feature=related Abolitionists http://www.history.com/videos/abolition-and-the-underground-railroad#abolition-and-theunderground-railroad Popular Sovereignty Popular = What most people want/like Sovereign to rule What would popular sovereignty mean? Compromise of 1850 1. No more Slave trade in DC (but slaves were not illegal) 2. California = free state

3. Territory East of CA = 2 territories (NM and Utah) and were open to slave holders and non slave holders popular sovereignty would decide if free or slave 4. TX given $10 million to give up land to West and cut back slave land 5. Fugitive Slave Law runaway slaves must be returned to their masters if found Fugitive Slave Act  Aka: man-stealing Act  Giving help to escaping slaves (food, shelter, etc) = federal crime  $1000 fine, 6 mo. Jail, even death: often, Right to trial ignored  Bounty system - Encouraged some people to turn in slaves who were legally freed. Kansas-Nebraska Act  Douglass (senator from IL) wanted to make 2 new territories, KS and NE, hoped the transcontinental RR would end up there  OVERTURNED MISSOURI COMPROMISE!  Opens territory north of Missouri line  POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY! - Says that people in those states will vote on if their state will be free or slave  Abolitionists and Pro-slavery people rush to settle the territory in hopes that their side will win Question:  FACTS:  Drinking alcohol under the age of 21 is illegal in the United States  Other countries in Europe do not have a drinking age.  If you go to Europe, could you drink an alcoholic beverage, even though you are an American?  If you buy alcohol while on a vacation in Europe, and you are not 21, can you bring it into the United States when you come home?

President in 1856  Stephen Douglass and current president Franklin Pierce were both involved in a lot of controversy because of the Kansas Nebraska Act (ALL DEMOCRATS)  James Buchannan had been away in Europe as an ambassador, and so he made a good candidate for president  When he arrived home, he was elected president, at his inaugural speech he said,  The question of slavery, belongs to the Supreme Court of the United States, before whom it is now pending, and will, it is understood, be speedily and finally settled. Dred Scott Facts: Dred Scott was a slave owned by John Emerson, an Army Doctor from Missouri Scott was taken all over the United States with his owner, and had lived in Minnesota (a free state) for 2 years. He sued for his freedom in 1846 His slave owner had died, and Scott had already tried to by he and his wifes freedom from his owners widow.

This was an 8 year court battle Scott helped by abolitionists Scott was bought by an abolitionist the point was that his new owner wanted him to be free Scott vs. Sandford, went to the Supreme Court The Supreme Court Chief Justice had recently freed his own slaves, but believed slavery was critical to the success of America

DRED SCOTT LOST Supreme Court Voted 7 2 against Dred Scott Each Supreme Court Justice wrote their own opinion there are usually only 1 or 2 Chief Justice said: no black man is a citizen, cannot bring a case before a court Congress never had the right to ban slavery because it deprived people of Life, liberty and property.

Said slaves, like goats, or cows, could be taken anywhere in the U.S.

Lincoln-Douglass Debates Dred Scott Decision actually helped Republicans because so many people were outraged by the Decision that the Democrats pushed for Douglass was a major Senator from Illinois and Abraham Lincoln was challenging him to be a senator (Lincoln was currently in HR) Debates were vicious yelling, questioning, screaming, physical fighting by spectators, Lincoln was noticed nationally and won Senate race

The Raid on Harpers Ferry Secretary of War received a letter saying that someone was threatening to steal out of the armory in Virginia it was John Brown Brown raided the armory for 2 days, killing the commander of the fort Brown and 4 others were captured. Was charged with murder, treason, and inciting insurrection. Trial began 10 days later. John Brown sentenced to Hang John Wilkes Booth at his hanging

Election of 1860  Democrats Selected Stephen Douglass to run  Southern Dem left the convention and elected John Breckinridge who favored States Rights (ie Slavery)  Republicans Selected Lincoln to run  Lincoln won BUThe would have lost if the Democrats didnt have 2 candidates  Lincolns name was even left off some ballots in the South The South leaves the Union We, therefore, the people of South Carolina, by our delegates in Convention assembled, appealing to the Supreme Judge of the world for the rectitude of our intentions, have solemnly declared that the Union heretofore existing between this State and the other States of North America is dissolved

--From South Carolinas Declaration for the Causes of Secession 1860  South was devastated that Lincoln won  First state to leave was South Carolina 1860  6 other states followed: GA, FL, AL, MS, LA, TX  But none of these states voted to leave the Union  This was decided by their state houses of government --sometimes less than 700 people in the state voted, and only 500 voted to leave the Union. Jefferson Davis Elected President of the Confederacy  On the way to his inauguration, Lincoln finds out Davis is president of Confederacy  Davis way more qualified than Lincoln:  Member of HR and Senate  Former Sec. of War  Soldier and West Point Graduate  Not really elected as President, more just appointed by some high ranking Southern politicians later popularly elected to a 6 yr. term  (married to Zachary Taylors daughter), Plantation owner who treated slaves relatively well  Sent delegates to talk to Lincolns cabinet about secession didnt go well Why did the South Secede?  STATES RIGHTS!!!! They thought states had the right to choose to be free or save and they werent getting that choice  They felt bullied by the North  They wanted to preserve their way of life, the North was moving forward Jefferson Davis/Lincoln  You can not transform the negro into anything one-tenth as useful or as good as what slavery enables them to be. Davis

 I will only hold, occupy, and possess installations still under federal control in the Confederacy. --Lincoln Shots fired at Fort Sumter  Sumter located off the coast of SC, built during War of 1812, Only 6 weeks left of supplies  Lincoln said he would not provoke an attack by the South, but that he would hold, occupy, and possess Federal structures in the South  South appoints Beauregard, (graduated second in his class, studied artillery under the man now head of Ft. Sumter)  Two smaller forts had been captured already by the South (Buchannan did nothing to stop them)  Lincoln decided to send more supplies, and let the Gov. of SC know they were on their way Sumter Cont.  Gen. at Sumter said he would leave on April 15, but on April 12, first shots fired by Confederacy surrendered on April 13, no causalities  Lincoln asked for 75,000 Union army volunteers for 3 months to fight Confederacy, this prompted 4 more states to succeed. Robert E. Lee and the Army  From one of Virginias most influential families, had family members at Constitutional Convention, sign the Dec of Independence, and an ambassador to France during the Revolution, dad in Washingtons Army, graduated 2nd at West Point, married Martha Washingtons granddaughter  Stopped John Brown at Harpers Ferry  Torn between duty and home - didnt know if he should stay in the US Army or fight for the Confederacy  First loyal to Virginia, then to US  One of the best generals in World History Bull Run  First major campaign of the Civil War July 21, 1861

 OBJ: Union march to Richmond Virginia and take over the Confederate capital  Problem: both sides very inexperienced  Union marched south, initially winning, but eventually pushed back by Confederacy  Confederate soldiers, AKA Rebels, started the Rebel Yell scream, scared Union Soldiers who retreated to the North  Both sides too tired to keep fighting General Thomas Jackson (Conf) stood tall, didnt waver, became known as Stonewall Jackson  Confederate Victory  Union casualties and losses: 2,896 (406 deaths, 1,124 wounded 1,312 captured or missing)  Confederate casualties and losses: 1, 982 (387 deaths, 1582 wounded 13 missing) After Bull Run  Union freaked out, realized this would be harder than expected  Lincoln order a blockade on Southern ports  North won some small battles  Battle of Shiloh 20,000 deaths total (both sides) but Union barely won  South wins at Richmond Antietam - (Sharpsburg)  Sept. 17, 1862 - To this day, the bloodiest day ever fought by American Soldiers  South started winning ready to go on the offensive Jefferson Davis ordered Gen. Lee to march on Maryland hoped to win and eventually get help from France and GB  Lee took troops to MD McCellan took 80,000 Union troops too Union found Lees orders in the fields knew exactly where Conf. troops were and their plans  Union - 12,401 (2,108 killed 9,540 wounded 753 captured/missing) - Confederacy - 10,316 (1,546 killed 7,752 wounded 1,018 captured/missing) - South retreats Union Victory

 But Lincoln ordered McClellen to follow Confederacy and attack again he didnt HE COULD HAVE ENDEd THE WAR THEN, BUT DIDN!!  This battle lead Lincoln to start taking action against slavery Set for Emancipation  The Civil War: Forever Free - Safari BAV = Emancipate  To free; to release; to let go  Synonym or antonym: Capture Liberate Untie Hold Emancipation Proclamation  Lincoln wanted to free slaves, but waited until he knew that the North was stable  After Antietam, decided timing was right  Made a speech 9/22/18963 Signed 1/1/1863  What did it do? all persons held as slaves within any state in rebellion against the United States, shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free Did it work?  Only applied to the Confederacy so it didnt actually free anyone North couldnt enforce it  Some freed slaves came to north to fight in the army/navy  Led to the 13th Amendment passed in 1864  But majority of African Americans in the South were still slaves  South did not get help from France/GB Problems in the Union  Northern Republicans split over Lincolns policies - Some helped the South

 Lincoln did not always acknowledge some basic human rights  Draft March 1863 (hire substitute or pay $300)  Borrowed $, taxes, Inflation (prices go up more than value of the dollar)  Fired Burnside, replaced with Hooker, fired Hooker before Gettysburg  Overall, North factories and RR did well, made $ Problems in the Confederacy  Draft in 1862 not enough volunteers (but you could hire a substitute)  Battles in South ruined farmland  Blockade closed trade ports lost $  Inflation prices rose 9000% (only rose 80% in N)  Men deserted the Army Gettysburg  July 1-4, 1863  Lee moved North with 75,000 troops  Meade (north) was to find Lee and protect DC and Baltimore from attack  Met by accident at Gettysburg, PA  Battle lasted 3 days  Union Victory Union - 23,055 (3,155 killed 14,531 wounded 5,369 captured/missing)  Confederacy: 23,231 (4,708 killed 12,693 wounded 5,830 captured/missing)  Significance: last major battle for the Confederacy to loose major turning point for the North Gettysburg Address  It is for us the livingto be here dedicated to this great task remaining before usthat these dead shall not have died in vainthat this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedomand that the government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth --Abraham Lincoln

Vicksburg  Ulysses S. Grant led troops for the North at Vicksburg  May 18-July 4, 1863 (happened the same time as Gettysburg)  Union casulaities: 4,835  Confederacy casualities: 32,697 (29,495 surrendered)  Significance: Union won Control of the Mississippi River, one of the last major resources the South had cut the south in half, not able to function Appomattox  Lees troops surrounded - lose at the battle at Richmond to Grant  Lee realizes he must surrender  April 9, 1865 Lee surrenders to Grant at Appomattox court house in VA  Grant is generous lets them keep horses, sends soldiers home, orders food for Lees troops  Jefferson Davis Captured on May 10 war finally over There is nothing left for me to do but go and see General Grant, and I would rather die a thousand deaths. Robert E. Lee What do we do now?  How should they put the United States back together again?  What were some of the consequences of the civil war? Reconstruction  RE ConstructWhat is Reconstruction?  1865-1877  U.S. needed to be put back together reconstruction are the different plans and ways that actually happened

 Who should be punished? What rights should African Americans have? Should the South have help financially? Wade-Davis Bill Idea for reconstruction but Lincoln didnt sign it NOT made a law 1. Majority of all white males in the state had to swear loyalty to the US 2. State Constitution written by men who did not fight against the North 3. Confederates could not hold office 4. New state constitution must abolish slavery Lincoln Assassinated  5 days after Lee surrendered  At Ford theatre in D.C. by John Wilkes Booth  Booth ran away, was caught 12 days later, shot to death  Part of a conspiracy to kill U.S. leaders 4 others hanged and 4 imprisoned  This was devistating to people in the Union, and those in the South who worried about how Andrew Johnson would handle it Post Lincoln  Andrew Johnson becomes president plan called restoration  Wanted to punish slaveholders, didnt care about helping former slaves  Didnt give African Am. the right to vote, white men alone must manage the South  Impeached for firing a member of his cabinet without the approval of Congress, he didnt follow checks and balances. Reconstruction Act of 1867  Once states passed the 13th and 14th amendments, they were able to begin to be readmitted into the union  Submit new state constitution, vote, military districts, etc.  Tenure of Office Act (1867) president can not remove anyone from Cabinet w/o Senates approval

 Johnson fired Secretary of War when Congress was not in session, they did not approve Johnson removed him anyway  HR accused him of misconduct trial by the Senate 35 19, not formally convicted. Never actually removed from office  Election of 1868 Ulysses S. Grant wins Life for African Americans  Literacy Test  Poll Tax  Tenant Farming  Jim Crowe Laws  Freedmans Bureau  Black Code  Scalawaygs and Carpetbaggers  Amnesty Act  Was Reconstruction Successful?